Input: What kind of situation would be most conducive to rapid speciation

Output: Four circus wolves escape on Long Island. To everyoneʹs surprise, they establish a small but viable population, coexisting successfully with humans in a partly suburban environment. The population is physically isolated from other wolves.

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Input: Describe the experiments regarding reproductive barriers using fruit flies grown on different kinds of media

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Input: Speciation without geographic isolation is called __________ speciation

Output: Sympatric Speciation

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Input: Organisms having more than two complete sets of chromosomes are said to be

Output: polyploid

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Input: When a tetraploid plant pollinates a diploid plant of the parental species, what will be the ploidy of the resulting zygote

Output: triploid

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Input: Sympatric speciation was first discovered by __________ while studying genetic diversity in primroses

Output: de Vries

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Input: Most polyploid species arise from

Output: hybridization of two different species

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Input: Most polyploid species result from

Output: accidents during cell division

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Input: List examples of polyploid plants

Output: oats, potatoes, bananas, peanuts, barley, plums, apples, sugarcane, coffee and wheat

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Input: Plant biologists estimate that __________ % of all plant species are polyploids

Output: 80

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Input: Most polyploid plants form by

Output: polyploid speciation

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Input: is the ancestral diploid wheat plant.

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Input: Bread wheat grown widely today is the result of several

Output: hybridizations

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Input: Plant geneticists use chemicals to induce meiotic and mitotic errors to try to create

Output: new polyploid plants with special qualities

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Input: The emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor that finds itself in a new and diverse environment is called

Output: adaptive radiation

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Input: In their 30-year studies of Darwin 's finches, the Grants have discovered that when the ground finch and cactus finch occasionally form hybrids, these hybrids

Output: can only survive during wet years when there are plenty of soft, small seeds.

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Input: The fossil record reveals that frequently, speciation occurs

Output: in a relatively short time, perhaps just 50,000 years.

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Input: Describe the gradualism model of speciation

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Input: The __________ suggests that speciation occurs in spurts.

Output: punctuated equilibrium model

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Input: Punctuated equilibrium differs from the gradualism model because in punctuated equilibrium _____

Output: All of the choices are correct.

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Input: The emergence of a new plant species over a brief period of time followed by periods of little change would support what theory

Output: punctuated equlibrium theory

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Input: The situation in which a structure that evolved in one context is later adapted for another function is called

Output: Exaptation

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Input: Give an example of paedomorphosis

Output: salamander

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Input: A paleontologist who specializes in amphibians notices that there are very few differences in the skull of the adult and juvenile forms of a salamander. This suggests that the salamander exhibits

Output: paedomorphosis

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Input: A study of human evolution compared the features of an adult human skull to the skulls of an adult and infant chimp. At the end of the study, it was clear that the adult human and infant chimp shared many more features than the adult human and adult chimp. This study suggests that humans evolved by the process of

Output: paedomorphosis

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Input: Evolution is a response to interactions between organisms and __________________

Output: environment

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Input: A plant with 12 chromosomes produces gametes with 12 chromosomes; if self-fertilization occurs, the zygote would have __________ chromosomes.

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Input: What is the nature of the reproductive barrier between a mutant tetraploid plant and its original diploid parents?

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Input: Speciation as a result of genetic isolation without geographic isolation is referred to as

Output: sympatric speciation

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Input: What do biologist currently believe about the relationship between dinosaurs and birds

Output: linked

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Input: By studying fossils in strata from many locations, scientists can learn about _______________

Output: macroevolution

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Input: The earliest discovered fossils are __________ dating back to __________ years ago

Output: prokaryotes... 3.5 billion

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Input: Plants and animals first became established on land during the

Output: paleozoic era

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Input: What era is often called the "Age of Reptiles"?

Output: Mesozoic

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Input: The earliest known flowering plants date to the

Output: mesozoic... cretaceous

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Input: If all of Earth's history were compressed into an hour, humans would first appear about _____ ago

Output: one second ago

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Input: The technique called radiometric dating is based on

Output: the measurement of certain radioactive isotopes contained in fossils.

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Input: When the continent of Pangaea first split apart, it formed

Output: a northern landmass called Laurasia and a southern landmass called Gondwana.

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Input: What evidence suggests that lungfishes evolved while Pangaea was intact?

Output: fossil lungfishes have been found on every continent except Antarctica

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Input: When did the Himalaya mountains begin to form

Output: 55 million

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Input: The continents and seafloors together form a thin outer layer of the Earth called the

Output: crust

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Input: Which of the following phenomena can be caused by continental drift? A. mountain formation B. volcanoes C. earthquakes D. the merging and breaking up of continents Student Response E. All of the choices are correct.

Output: all

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Input: Geologists call the forces within Earth that cause movements of the crust __________

Output: plate tectonics

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Input: How many periods of mass extinction have occurred in the last 600 million years?

Output: SIX

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Input: The process by which species not closely related may come to resemble one another if they live in a similar environment is called ____________

Output: convergent evolution

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Input: Structures that evolved from the same structure in an ancestor are

Output: homologous

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Input: List taxonomic categories in order from most specific to most general?

Output: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

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Input: Ever since Darwin , systematics has tried to ___________

Output: classify and determine evolutionary relationships

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Input: In the three-domain system, the eukaryotes are represented

Output: only by the Domain Eukarya.

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Input: The three-domain system The three-domain system is different from older classification systems in what way

Output: subdivides the prokaryotes into 2 different domains.

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Input: __________ first appeared during the Precambrian era.

Output: Cyanobacteria

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Input: The Paleozoic era began approximately __________ million years ago.

Output: 542

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Input: The four geologic eras are directly subdivided into

Output: periods

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Input: __________ were the dominant plant life during the early Mesozoic era.

Output: cone bearing plants

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Input: The Domain Eukarya includes which kingdoms

Output: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. ...

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Input: Which of the domains includes prokaryotic cells

Output: bacteria and archaea

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Input: [sensory memory] working memory

Output: - also called short term memory -stage at which further processing is carried out to make info ready fo rlong term storage -holds limited amount of info and for limited amount of time

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] long-term memory

Output: -permanent storehouse of information -once information is processed in long term memory it can never be fully lost

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] selective attention

Output: abililty to process some information whiel ignoring other information

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] automaticity

Output: when tasks are overlearned or sources of information became habitual

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] patttrn recognition

Output: environmental stimuli are recognized as exemplars of concepts and princicples already in memory - when you match incomming information to the appropriate template in your memory

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] feature analysis

Output: distinctive, specific features are stored in your memory

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] chunking

Output: working memory capacity may be increased through creating larger bits

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] encoding

Output: making things meaningful, relating them to concepts or ideas already in memory

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] episodic memory

Output: memory for specific eventsq

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] semantic memory

Output: all general information stored in the memory

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] Network Model of LTM

Output: suggests that memory is stored in interconnected hierarchies

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] Feature Comparison Models of LTM

Output: things in the memory are organized by sets of defining features

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] ACT

Output: model by John R. Anderson, distinguished between procedural and declarative knowledge

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] Parallel Distributed Processing

Output: cognitive operations occur simultaneously as opposed to sequentially

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] encoding specifity

Output: whatever cues used by a learner to facilitate encoidng wil aso serve as the best retrieval cues

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] why do we forget things?

Output: 1. failure to encode 2. failure to retrieve 3. interverence

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: [sensory memory] metacognition

Output: one's awareness of thinking and the self-regulatory business.

Pysch Of Learning- cognitive information Processing Flashcards - Cram.com

-holds information just long enough for it to be processed further -associated with the senses


Input: a study of the time course of drug of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion [biopharmaceutics]

Output: pharmacokinetics

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what occurs after the drug is absorbed (distribution & elimination) [biopharmaceutics]

Output: Disposition

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: process by which unchanged drug proceeds from side of administration to sight of measurement within the body; the penetration of free drug molecules through a biological membrane [biopharmaceutics]

Output: Absorption

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: process of delivering drugs into body tissues and fluids following absorption [biopharmaceutics]

Output: distribution

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: chemical alteration of the drug in the body to a different chemical species [biopharmaceutics]

Output: metabolism

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: removal of intact drug or metabolite from the body [biopharmaceutics]

Output: excretion

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: irreversible removal of drug from the body by all routes of elimination; the combined effort of biotransformation and excretion [biopharmaceutics]

Output: elimination

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: solubility, molecular weight, permeability [biopharmaceutics]

Output: absorption is dependent on

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the application of pharmacokinetic principles to the safe and effective therapeutic management of drugs and an individual patient [biopharmaceutics]

Output: clinical pharmacokinetics

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. initial design of drug ghosting regiment 2. refinement of dosing regimen based on serum samples 3. pharmcokinetic work-up 4. research [biopharmaceutics]

Output: objectives of clinical pharmacokinetics

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: relationship between the drug concentration at the site of the action and pharmacologic response ; what the drug does to the body [biopharmaceutics]

Output: Pharmacodynamics

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the utilization of plasma drug concentrations and clinical data to individualize and optimize a patient's drug therapy [biopharmaceutics]

Output: therapeutic drug monitoring

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the percentage or fraction of the administered dose which reaches the systemic circulation [biopharmaceutics]

Output: bioavailability

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: comparison of bioavailabilities of different formulations, drug products, or batches of the same drug product [biopharmaceutics]

Output: bioequivalence

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the time the plasma concentration is above the MEC [biopharmaceutics]

Output: duration of action

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the time that it takes for drugs to begin being absorbed [biopharmaceutics]

Output: lag time

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the time it takes the plasma drug concentration to reach the MEC [biopharmaceutics]

Output: onset time

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the number of drug receptor sites occupied [biopharmaceutics]

Output: the intensity of the drug plasma concentration is proportional to

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: dose, route, interval, etc [biopharmaceutics]

Output: drug dosing regimen

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: absorption incomplete, degradation in GI tract, first pass metabolism [biopharmaceutics]

Output: bioavailability (F) <1 because

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the amount of drug decreases at a constant rate [biopharmaceutics]

Output: zero order

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the amount of drug decreases at a rate that is proportional to the amount of drug [biopharmaceutics]

Output: first order

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: IV bolus, IV infusion, IM, SC, SL, PO, PR, transdermal, inhalation [biopharmaceutics]

Output: nine routes of drug administration

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: controlled rate, rapid response, drug has absorption difficulties or stability problems [biopharmaceutics]

Output: reasons to give drug intravenously

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: avoid high early toxic levels, avoid rapid allergic reactions, easy to administer, drug problems with physical or chemical stability of formulation [biopharmaceutics]

Output: reasons to give drugs orally

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: be dissolved in fluid at the absorption site (cannot pass through membrane in particulate form) [biopharmaceutics]

Output: for a drug to be absorbed, it must first…

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: dissolution (there is also disintegration & GI transfer) [biopharmaceutics]

Output: the most common rate limiting step in oral absorption

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: chemical nature of drug (very polar), dosage form, physiology of the patient [biopharmaceutics]

Output: absorption of drug not complete

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: passage of molecule through cell membrane [biopharmaceutics]

Output: transcellular absorption

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: that passage of molecules through pores in membrane [biopharmaceutics]

Output: paracellular absorption

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: unionized form, can cross membranes much easier (more lipid soluble) [biopharmaceutics]

Output: what form of the drug is absorbed better and why

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: passive diffusion [biopharmaceutics]

Output: the most common method for drug absorption

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: drug goes from area of high concentration to the area of low concentration [biopharmaceutics]

Output: passive diffusion

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the stomach (low pH) *HA [biopharmaceutics]

Output: acidic drugs tend to be absorbed from

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the intestine (high pH) *B [biopharmaceutics]

Output: basic drugs tend to be absorbed from

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: specialized transport mechanism whereby drugs are moved against a concentration gradient, requires a carrier, requires energy [biopharmaceutics]

Output: active transport

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: endogenous substances [biopharmaceutics]

Output: drugs which utilize active transport are analogues of

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: passive diffusion, active transport, facilitated diffusion, ion pair formation [biopharmaceutics]

Output: mechanisms of absorption

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: carrier mediated, does not require energy, can be saturated and and inhibited, moves along concentration gradient [biopharmaceutics]

Output: facilitated diffusion

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ionized drug links up with oppositely chared ion, forming a neutral pair (cation drug + anion carrier) [biopharmaceutics]

Output: ion pair formation

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1 to 3 [biopharmaceutics]

Output: stomach pH

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 5 to 8 [biopharmaceutics]

Output: small intestine pH

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 6 to 7 [biopharmaceutics]

Output: large intestine pH

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: stomach, intestine [biopharmaceutics]

Output: acidic drugs are soluble in the _____ and basic drugs are soluble in the ______

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: small intestine (huge surface area) [biopharmaceutics]

Output: major area for absorption of drugs and nutrients

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the rate of movement of the GI mass from the stomach to the duodenum [biopharmaceutics]

Output: Gastic emptying rate

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: food, drug coadministration, body position, physiological status of patient [biopharmaceutics]

Output: factors that alter gastric emptying rate

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cardiac output, plasma protein binding, chemical structure of drug [biopharmaceutics]

Output: factors affecting drug distribution

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: blood flow /tissue mass [biopharmaceutics]

Output: perfusion ratio

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: spleen, kidney, gut, pancreas, brain, heart, and lungs [biopharmaceutics]

Output: highly perfused tissues

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 3/4, 1/10 [biopharmaceutics]

Output: __ of cardiac output is delivered to tissues that comprise less than __ of the body weight

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: narrower [biopharmaceutics]

Output: stronger acids --> _____ distribution

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: remains within the vascular compartment, uniformly distributed through body water, concentrated in a particular tissue, non uniform distribution [biopharmaceutics]

Output: drug distribution patterns

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the blood [biopharmaceutics]

Output: drugs in the brain can only be eliminate by

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the third trimester [biopharmaceutics]

Output: drug penetration to the placenta is greater in

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: basic [biopharmaceutics]

Output: Ion trapping of _____ drugs occurs in the milk

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: albumin, alpha1 glycoprotein, lipoproteins [biopharmaceutics]

Output: proteins involved in binding drug

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure of the blood and for transport of endogenous substances [biopharmaceutics]

Output: albumin

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: acidic drugs [biopharmaceutics]

Output: binds to specific site on albumin

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a affinity of drug to albumin, number of binding sites on albumin for particular drug, concentration of drug, concentration of albumin [biopharmaceutics]

Output: extent to which a drug binds to albumin depends on

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: basic drugs [biopharmaceutics]

Output: alpha1 acid glycoprotein primarily binds

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: decrease albumin concentration due to decreased protein synthesis [biopharmaceutics]

Output: liver disease causes

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: increases [biopharmaceutics]

Output: as free drug increases, drug distribution

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: process of elimination which occurs only to unbound drugs [biopharmaceutics]

Output: restrictive elimination

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: drug tightly bound to protein, small plasma clearance, small hepatic extraction ratio [biopharmaceutics]

Output: characteristics of restrictive elimination

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: process of elimination which occurs to protein bound rugs [biopharmaceutics]

Output: non restrictive elimination

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: drug weakly bound to protein, high liver extraction [biopharmaceutics]

Output: characteristics of non restrictive elimination

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: renal [biopharmaceutics]

Output: major route for polar drug excretion

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: glomerular filtration, secretion, reabsorption [biopharmaceutics]

Output: mechanisms of renal secretion

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: unidirectional process of filtration through porous capillaries of bowman's capsule [biopharmaceutics]

Output: glomerular filtration

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: active transport of drug from blood into urine, occurs in proximal tubule [biopharmaceutics]

Output: secretion

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: mechanism for reuptake of drug, offsets effect of filtration, occurs in distal part of tubule [biopharmaceutics]

Output: reabsorption

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1200mL/min or 1730 L/day [biopharmaceutics]

Output: renal blood flow

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: drug protein binding, partition coefficient, urine PH, molecular size, active secretion properties [biopharmaceutics]

Output: factors that affect renal excretion

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the volume of fluid cleared of drug per unit time by the entire body [biopharmaceutics]

Output: total body clearance

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: measure of an organ's ability to clear a substance [biopharmaceutics]

Output: organ clearance

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the volume of plasma that is cleared of drug per unit time through the kidney [biopharmaceutics]

Output: renal clearance

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 650mL/min [biopharmaceutics]

Output: max renal clearance

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: filtration & secretion taking place [biopharmaceutics]

Output: if Clr is between 120-650mL/min

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: filtration & reabsorption are taking place [biopharmaceutics]

Output: if Clr is between 0-120mL/min

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: inulin, creatinine [biopharmaceutics]

Output: used to estimate renal function

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: drugs can be excreted from the liver into the bile by active transport [biopharmaceutics]

Output: biliary excretion

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cycle in which the drug is absorbed from GI, excreted into bile, & reabsorbed [biopharmaceutics]

Output: enterohepatic circulation

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: MW >500, strong polar group, active transport [biopharmaceutics]

Output: properties for biliary excretion

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: organic anions, organic cations, non-ionized [biopharmaceutics]

Output: three carriers for biliary excretion

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: chemical modification of parent drugs resulting in loss of drug from body [biopharmaceutics]

Output: biotransformation

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: oxidative, reduction, hydrolysis [biopharmaceutics]

Output: phase one reactions

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: aromatic hydoxylation, side chain hydroxylation, N- O- S-dealkylation, deamination, sulfoxidation, N-oxidation, N-hydoxylation [biopharmaceutics]

Output: oxidative reactions

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: azoreduction, nitroreduction, alcohol dehydrogenase [biopharmaceutics]

Output: reduction reactions

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ester hydolysis, amide hydrolysis [biopharmaceutics]

Output: hydrolysis reactions

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: glucuronide conjugation, peptide conjugation, methylation, acetylation, sulfate conjugation, glutatione conjugation [biopharmaceutics]

Output: phase two reactions

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: esther glucoronide, ester glucoronide, amide glucuronide [biopharmaceutics]

Output: glucuronide conjugation

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: liver [biopharmaceutics]

Output: major site of drug metabolism

Module 1 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [define MOB] role of C-2A in MOB mission

Output: support/provide safe flyable aircraft for all- weather ops. prevent and control damage, and maintain security against unfriendly forces

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [define MOB] CCC- command control and communication

Output: provide communication and related faciities for cordinating and control of external organizations

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [define MOB] role of c-2A in CCC mission

Output: function as on-scene commander for search and rescue

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [define MOB] Fleet support ops (FSO)

Output: provide supporting services other than logistics replenishment to fleet units

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [define MOB] role of c-2a in FSO mission

Output: provide support services, aircraft ferry services, conduct towing, search salvage and rescue ops

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [define MOB] Non-combat ops (NCO)

Output: selected operations of a noncombat nature not clearly categorized in any other warfare mission

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [define MOB] role of c-2a in NCO mission

Output: provide supply, clerical and post office services

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [define MOB] define Logistics (LOG)

Output: resupply of combatant consumables to combatant forces in the theater of ops

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [define MOB] role of c-2a in LOG mission

Output: provide COD flights and associated reciept/distribution of material mail and passengers

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [define MOB] naval special warfare (NSW)

Output: special mobile ops, unconventional warfare, coastal and river interdiction, beach, coastal reconn, and certain tactical intel ops

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [define MOB] role of c-2a in NSW mission

Output: deliver support and recover elements of SEAL and SDV teams

VRC EAWS 205 warefare mission area Flashcards - Cram.com

the ablility of naval forces to maneuver and maintain themselves in all situations over, under, or upon surface


Input: [inguinal region is...] T/F: more structures pass through the female inguinal canal

Output: F (more in the male)

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] T/F: the inguinal canal has an opening on the inside and outside of the body

Output: T

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the perforation in the abdominal wall in the region of the groin?

Output: inguinal canal

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is located b/w the superficial and deep inguinal rings?

Output: inguinal canal

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is a short fissure filled with connective tissue b/w the abdominal muscles

Output: inguinal canal

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] when is the inguinal canal truely a canal?

Output: when a testes doesn't descend into the scrotum

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what passes though the inguinal canal in general?

Output: external pudendal a. external pudendal v. genitofemoral n. lymphatics vaginal tunic(male)/vaginal process(female) spermatic cord (male)

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] where the spermatic cord becomes visable is the start of the...

Output: inguinal canal

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] the slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique m.

Output: superficial inguinal ring

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] the superficial inguinal ring is covered by..

Output: the thoracolumbar fascia

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what structure splits the 2 areas of insertion of ext. abd. oblique

Output: superficial inguinal ring

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what forms a triangle b/w 3 boundaries

Output: deep inguinal ring

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] to see the deep inguinal ring you need to be in....and looking at the...

Output: the abdominal cavity and looking at the inguinal canal

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] medial boundary of deep inguinal ring

Output: lateral edge of retus abdominis

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] cranial boundary deep inguinal ring

Output: caudal edge of internal abdominal oblique

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] caudal boundary of deep inguinal ring

Output: inguinal ligament

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] the caudal border of the aponeurosis of the ext. abd. oblique is the....

Output: inguinal ligament

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what courses b/w the tuber coxae and iliopubic eminence of the pelvis

Output: inguinal ligament

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] the inguinal ligament courses b/w....

Output: tuber coxae and iliopubic eminence

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] which muscle partially arises from the inguinal ligament?

Output: internal abdominal oblique

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] inguinal ligament separates what from what?

Output: separates the vascular lacuna from the inguinal canal

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what separates the vascular lacuna from the inguinal canal?

Output: inguinal ligament

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the opening in the body wall for vessels coursing to the pelvic limb

Output: vascular lacuna

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the vascular lacuna?

Output: the opening in the body wall for vessels coursing to the pelvic limb

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] structures coursing through the inguinal canal in both males and females

Output: external pudendal a. external pudendal v. genitofemoral n. efferent lymphatics fromn the superficial inguinal ln.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] structures only in male inguinal canal

Output: vaginal tunic spermatic cord

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] structures only in female inguinal canal

Output: vaginal process(round ligament of the uterus)

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is found within the vaginal process

Output: round ligament of the uterus

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is found in the spermatic cord

Output: ductus deferens testicular n. testicular a. testicular v. testicular lymphatics

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] main artery going to the pelvic limbs

Output: external iliac a.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] 2 main branches off of the external iliac a.

Output: femoral a. deep femoral a.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] trunk of off deep femoral

Output: pudendoepigastric trunk

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] 2 main branches off of pudendoepigastric trunk

Output: caudal (deep) epigastric a. external pudendal a.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] 2 main branches off of external pudendal a.

Output: caudal superficial epigastric a. ventral labial/ventral scrotal a.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] blood supply to abdominal wall

Output: deep circumflex iliac a. cranial deep epigastric a. caudal deep epigastric a. cranial abdominal a.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what makes up the genitofemoral n.?

Output: ventral branches of L3 and L4

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] genitofemoral n. provides motor to? sensory from?

Output: motor to cremaster m. (skeletal muscle) sensory from skin in inguinal region ( inguinal mammary gland, prepuce, scrotum) and proximal middle thigh

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] T/F: testes have their own lymphatics

Output: T

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] action of cremaster muscle

Output: raise the testes (attached to the tunic)

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] which lymph vessels unit to pass through the inguinal canal? what do they drain into?

Output: efferent vessels from the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain into the medial iliac lymph nodes

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] types of superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Output: mammary and scrotal

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the vaginal process?

Output: a parietal peritoneal excavation that passes through the inguinal canal

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what forms the vaginal ring? what passes through it?

Output: the opening of the vaginal process the round ligament of the uterus

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] T/F: the female dog is thought to be the only domestic animal that has a vaginal process

Output: T

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] vaginal process in males wraps around what? forms what?

Output: testis a double-walled structure with parietal and visceral layers

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] where is the vaginal cavity located?

Output: b/w the parietal layer (parietal vaginal tunic) and the visceral layer (visceral vaginal tunic) of the vaginal process

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] where is the vaginal ring located?

Output: at the entrance to the vaginal cavity

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the name for the fascia that lines the abdominal cavity?

Output: transversalis fascia

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the transversalis fascia continuous with?

Output: the vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] in males what passes through the vaginal ring?

Output: spermatic cord

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] clinically what does the vaginal tunic include?

Output: the spermatic fascia and the parietal vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is incised during castration?

Output: clinical vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what produces serous fluid within in the vaginal tunic?

Output: parietal and vaginal tunics

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the visceral vaginal tunic adhered to?

Output: testis epididymis ductus deferens

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is closed castration?

Output: w/o incising into the vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is open castration?

Output: incise into the vaginal tunic and clamp off vessels

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] spermatic cord components

Output: testicular a. testicular v. pampiniform plexus testicular n. testicular lymphatics ductus deferens deferent a. and v ( a. and v. of dectus deferens) internal cremaster m. mesofuniculum

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] is internal cremaster m. smooth or skeletal?

Output: smooth

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what are testicular aa. branches off of?

Output: the aorta

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] which kidney is further cranial?

Output: R

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] where does the R testicular vein drain?

Output: into the caudal vena cava

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] where does the L testicular vein drain?

Output: into the L renal v.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the pampiniform plexus?

Output: venous network that surrounds the testicular aa.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] function of pampiniform plexus?

Output: keeps testes cool for proper sperm maturation

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what nerve is found in the spermatic cord?

Output: testicular n.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] testicular n. is comprised of?

Output: autonomic and sensory fibers

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] testicular n. autonomic fibers originate from?

Output: 4th, 5th, and 6th lumbar ganglia

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] T/F: testicular n. forms a plexus within the spermatic cord

Output: T

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] autonomic fibers of testicular n. originate from.. innervate...

Output: 4th, 5th, and 6th lumbar ganglia of sympathetic trunk innervate blood vessels an smooth muscle fibers

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] testicular lymphatic efferent vessels course to..

Output: medial iliac and lumbar aortic lnn.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?

Output: ductus deferens

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what vessels course with the ductus deferens?

Output: deferent a. and v.

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the urethra within?

Output: the prostate

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the mesentery of the testis?

Output: mesorchium

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what supports the vessels and nerves of the testis?

Output: mesorchium

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the mesentery of the ductus deferens?

Output: mesoductus deferens

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what supports the ductus deferens and the deferential a. and v.?

Output: mesoductus deferens

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] mesofuniculum

Output: connects mesorchium and mesoductus deferens to the pareital vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what do the mesorchium and moesoductus deferens attach to?

Output: mesofuniculum connects them to the parietal vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] T/F: cremaster muscle is a component of the spermatic cord

Output: F: only the internal cremaster is

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] course of cremaster muscle

Output: caudal border of internal abdominal oblique courses along outside of vaginal tunic inserts on spermatic fascia and parietal vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] is the cremaster muscle poorly developed in the dog or cat?

Output: cat

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] scrotum contains...

Output: testis epididymis distal part of spermatic cord

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] scrotal position in cat and dog

Output: cat- perineal position (more dorsal) dog- inguinal position (groin)

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] scrotum of cat or dog has more hair

Output: cat

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] scrotal ligament runs b/w...

Output: scrotum and vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] where are incisions made in cats and dogs for castration

Output: dog- prescrotal area cat-directly on scrotum

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] T/F: scrotal ligament is broken down during castration

Output: T

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what courses b/w the scrotum and vaginal tunic?

Output: scrotal ligament

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what covers the testes?

Output: tunica albuginea

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is tunica albuginea?

Output: dense, white fibrous capsule that covers the testes

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what occurs within the testes?

Output: sperm and hormone production

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what occurs within the epididymis

Output: storage and maturation of sperm

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] where does the epididymis attach to the testes?

Output: dorsolateral surface

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what covers the epididymis?

Output: visceral vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] head of epididymis is located near...

Output: the region of the testis where the vessels enter

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] where is tail of epididymis located?

Output: caudal extremity of the testis

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] difference in position of epididymis in cat and dog..

Output: dog- craniodorsal cat-cranioventral

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] layers of scrotum

Output: skin tunica dartos external spermatic fascia internal spermatic fascia parietal vaginal tunic vaginal cavity visceral vaginal tunic tunica albuginea testicular parenchyma

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] which 2 layers of the scrotum form the vaginal tunic?

Output: internal spermatic fascia and parietal vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what allows testes to descend?

Output: the gubernaculum testis expands and then starts to regress so that there is room for the testes to be situated

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] term for the condensation of mesenchymal tissue of testes

Output: gubernaculum testis

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] how long should you wait to decide if a dog is cryptorchid?

Output: 30-45 days

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what courses b/w the tail of the epididymis and the testis

Output: proper ligament of testis

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what courses b/w the tail of the epididymis and the vaginal tunic (parietal vaginal tunic and surrounding spermatic fascia)?

Output: ligament of the tail of epididymis

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what does the proper ligament of the testis course b/w?

Output: tail of epididymis and the testis

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what does the ligament of the tail of the epididymis course b/w?

Output: tail of epididymis and vaginal tunic

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what are the remnants of the gubernaculum in the male?

Output: proper ligament of the testis ligament of the tail of the epididymis

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] what is the remnant of the gubernaculum in the female?

Output: round ligament of the uterus

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] where does the round ligament of the uterus course?

Output: from cranial tip of the uterine horn to the vaginal process

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [inguinal region is...] steps of ovariohysterectomy

Output: ovary exteriorized hemostat around proper ligament break down suspensory ligament hole made in broad ligament to puts clamps on ovarian a. and v. watch out for ureters

Sarah- Inguinal structures Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] the scientific study of the size, composition, distribution, and changes in human population [2]

Output: demography


Input: [1] the extent of reproduction in a society [2]

Output: fertility


Input: [1] the number of live births per year for every 1000 people in a specific population [2]

Output: crude birthrate


Input: [1] the number of deaths per year for every 1000 people in a specific population [2]

Output: crude death rate


Input: [1] population movement across political boundaries [2]

Output: migration


Input: [1] the number of emigrants (people leaving a country) subtracted from the number of immigrants (people entering it) per 1000 population [2]

Output: migration rate


Input: [1] the numbers and types of people, calssified by characteristics such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity [2]

Output: composition of a population


Input: [1] how a population is dispersed geographically (e.g., the number of people per square mile) [2]

Output: population density


Input: [1] the number of males per 100 females [2]

Output: sex ratio


Input: [1] the difference between the numbers of people added to and subtracted from a particular population [2]

Output: growth rate


Input: [1] the number of years it takes for a population to double in size [2]

Output: doubling time


Input: [1] an organization dedicated to reaching the population replacement level of approximately 2 children per family [2]

Output: zero population growth (zpg)


Input: [1] population growth develops through 3 distinct stages: 1. high birth and death rates, 2. high birthrates and low death rates, and 3. low birth and death rates [2]

Output: demographic transition theory


Input: [1] the age cohort in the US comprising those born roughy between 1945 and 1964 [2]

Output: baby boomers


Input: [1] the movement of masses of people from rural to urban areas and an increase in urban influence over all spheres of culture and society [2]

Output: urbanization


Input: [1] a city, or a city and its surrounding suburbs, with a population of 50,000 or more [2]

Output: metropolitan statistical areas (msa's)


Input: [1] the largest msa's (those containing over a million people) [2]

Output: consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (cmsa's)


Input: [1] a major urban area that includes a large central city surrounded by several smaller incorporated cities and suburbs that join to form one large recognizable municipality [2]

Output: metropolis


Input: [1] 2 or more major metropolitan areas linked politically, economically, socially, and geographically [2]

Output: megalopolis


Input: [1] residential areas surrounding cities, which expand urban lifestyles into previously rural areas [2]

Output: suburbs


Input: [1] a subdivision of sociology that identifies, studies, and explains the specific traits of urban social phenomena [2]

Output: urban sociology


Input: [1] a community characterized by a relatively small population, a simple division of labor, face to face interaction, and informal social control [2]

Output: gemeinschaft


Input: [1] a society made up of a large population characterized by loose associations, a complex division of labor, secondary relationships, and formal social control [2]

Output: gesellschaft


Input: [1] characterized by tradition, unity, consensus of norms and values, and strong informal pressure to conform [2]

Output: mechanical solidarity


Input: [1] characterized by a highly sophisticated division of labor that makes individuals interdependent with one another [2]

Output: organic solidarity


Input: [1] socieities that emphasize tradition, consensus, and primary relationships [2]

Output: folk societies


Input: [1] societies based on change, diversity, and secondary relationships [2]

Output: urban societies


Input: [1] a subfield of sociology that focuses on recurring spatial, social, and cultural patterns within a particular social environment [2]

Output: human ecology


Input: [1] a community of organisms sharing the same physical environment [2]

Output: ecosystem


Input: [1] a way of life in which the city affects how people feel, think, and interact [2]

Output: urbanism


Input: [1] a theoretical model for analyzing the interdependence between humen beings and the physical environment [2]

Output: ecological perspective


Input: [1] an increase in the earth's overall average temperature due to a greenhouse effect produced by increased exposure to uv light [2]

Output: global warming


Input: A routine patient of yours is scheduled to meet with you the day after Thanksgiving. You receive a phone call from the family's patient asking you to reschedule the appointment until the following week because your patient was rushed to the hospital after a heavy Thanksgiving dinner. During the surgical procedure, the physicians get out of hand as they reminisce the days of their Histology classes back in medical school. One of the surgeons asks the other where Brunner's glands are found. Where? [Transverse colon]

Output: Submucosa of the Duodenum


Input: Which of the following is Not found in orthokeratinized oral mucous membrane? [Transverse colon]

Output: Stratum lucidum


Input: Gingival connective tissue is primarily composed of which type of collagen? [Transverse colon]

Output: Type I Collagen


Input: Which type of epithelium composes intercalated ducts of the parotid gland? [Transverse colon]

Output: Simple Cuboidal Cells


Input: Which ganglia does the lesser petrosal nerve carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to? [Transverse colon]

Output: Otic ganglia


Input: Your patient complains of food trapping in his mouth. Which muscle may indicate paralysis if there is an accumulation of food in left oral vestibule? [Transverse colon]

Output: Buccinator


Input: Muscles of mastication receive their primary blood supply from arteries arising from which artery? [Transverse colon]

Output: Pterygoid portion of Maxillary


Input: The nerve which innervates the motor muscles of mastication transmits throught the? [Transverse colon]

Output: Foramen Ovale


Input: What type of tissue lines kidney tubules? [Transverse colon]

Output: Simple cuboidal epithelium


Input: Which of the following tissues work in conjunction to develop enamel? a) Odontoblasts and stratum reticulum b) Stratum reticulum c) Stratum intermedium and ameloblasts d) Reduced dental epithelium and epithelial rests of Malassez e) Dental sac and stellate reticulum [Transverse colon]

Output: Stratum intermedium and ameloblasts


Input: Which of the following dental tissues is the Least mineralized? a) Bone b) Dentin c) Cementum d) Enamel [Transverse colon]

Output: Cementum


Input: Where are Meibomian glands found? [Transverse colon]

Output: Eyelids


Input: Where in the mediastinum is the heart located? [Transverse colon]

Output: Middle Mediastinum


Input: The right fourth aortic arch forms the? a) Right internal carotid b) Left subclavian c) Right subclavian d) Dorsal aorta e) Pulmonary aorta [Transverse colon]

Output: Right subclavian artery


Input: Pectinate muscles of the heart are found in the tissues of the? a) Left ventricle b) Right atrium c) Right ventricle d) Left atrium e) Aorta [Transverse colon]

Output: Right Atrium


Input: Taste perception in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is derived from which branchial arch? [Transverse colon]

Output: Second Branchial Arch


Input: Each of the following muscles attach to the humerus Except one. a) Teres major b) Deltoid c) Latissimus dorsi d) Pectoralis major e) Biceps brachii [Transverse colon]

Output: Biceps Brachii


Input: Which of the following is NOT a feature of the nasopharynx? a) Salpingopharyngeal fold b) Torus tubarius c) Pharyngeal tonsils d) Piriform recess e) Torus levatorius [Transverse colon]

Output: Piriform recess


Input: What is the sequence of the layers of the alimentary canal from inner to outer layers? [Transverse colon]

Output: Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa


Input: What type of epithelium lines the maxillary sinus? [Transverse colon]

Output: Stratified ciliated columnar


Input: What structure can be used to identify the location of the second rib? [Transverse colon]

Output: Sternal Angle


Input: What is the Right subclavian artery a branch of? [Transverse colon]

Output: Brachiocephalic artery


Input: Which muscle separates the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors? [Transverse colon]

Output: Stylopharyngeus


Input: What region of the mediastinum is the Thoracic duct located? [Transverse colon]

Output: Superior and Posterior Mediastinum


Input: What type of epithelium is found in the ureter? [Transverse colon]

Output: Transitional epithelium


Input: Each of the following are rotator cuff muscles Except one. a) Supraspinatus b) Teres minor c) Infraspinatus d) Teres Major e) Subscapularis [Transverse colon]

Output: Teres Major


Input: What type of epithelium lines the oral epithelium of the gingiva? [Transverse colon]

Output: Stratified Squamous Keratinizing


Input: The cell bodies involved in the jaw jerk reflex are found in the? [Transverse colon]

Output: Mesencephalic nucleus and Trigeminal Motor nucleus


Input: Which of the following symptoms would a patient with Bell's Palsy exhibit? a) Vertigo b) Difficulty opening the eye c) Lack of taste in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue d) Lack of salvation from parotid gland e) Hyperacusis [Transverse colon]

Output: Hyperacusis


Input: Which nerve innervates the muscle that is responsible for the closure of the eye? [Transverse colon]

Output: Facial Nerve


Input: Which of the following tissues line the junctional epithelium? a) Stratified squamous non-keratizing b) Stratified columnar c) Stratified squamous keratinizing d) Stratified cuboidal e) Pseudostratified columnar [Transverse colon]

Output: Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinizing


Input: Each of the following are basophilic hormones of the adenohypophysis Except one. a) LH b) FSH c) GH d) ACTH e) TSH [Transverse colon]

Output: GH


Input: Hassall's corpuscle are found in the? [Transverse colon]

Output: Thymus


Input: T/F In decreasing the energy required by newborns to breathe, Type I alveolar cells secrete surfactant Because it breaks down surface tension in the pleural cavity. [Transverse colon]

Output: The statement is NOT correct but the reason is correct


Input: The origin of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle is the? [Transverse colon]

Output: Lateral surface of the Lateral Pterygoid Plate


Input: What landmark does the trachea bifurcate into left and right primary bronchi? [Transverse colon]

Output: Sternal Angle


Input: The cerebral aqueduct arises from the? [Transverse colon]

Output: Mesencephalon


Input: Which organelle manifests as Nissl bodies in certain cells? [Transverse colon]

Output: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum


Input: The Myenteric plexus is contained in which layer of the gastrointestinal tract? [Transverse colon]

Output: Muscularic externa


Input: Which of the following muscles do NOT receive its innervation from the buccal branch of the facial nerve? a) Platysma b) Dilator naris c) Zygomatic minor d) Levator labii superioris e) Procerus [Transverse colon]

Output: Platysma


Input: What is the correct order of the zones of cartilage from the epiphysis inward? [Transverse colon]

Output: Resting, Proliferative, Hypertrophy, Calcification, Ossification


Input: Which of the following muscles of the soft palate is NOT innervated by the pharyngeal plexus? a) Palatopharyngeus b) Tensor vili palatini c) Palatoglossus d) Uvula e) Levator veli palatini [Transverse colon]

Output: Tensor veli palatini


Input: The pterygomandibular raphe attaches to which two muscles? [Transverse colon]

Output: Superior pharyngeal constrictor & Buccinator


Input: The squamosal suture is the articulation between? [Transverse colon]

Output: Parietal and Temporal Bone


Input: Which node do most of the oral cavity's lymphatics drain into? [Transverse colon]

Output: Submandibular


Input: Which of the following events does NOT happen during tooth eruption? a) Penetration of oral mucosa b) Remodeling of bone c) Formation of dentinoenamel junction d) Elongation of root e) Remodeling of periodontal ligament [Transverse colon]

Output: Formation of dentinoenamel junction


Input: A muscle fascicle is surrounded by which of the following tissues? a) Perimysium b) Epineurium c) Endomysium d) Epimysium e) Tendon [Transverse colon]

Output: Perimysium


Input: The middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle attaches to which of the following structures? a) Pharyngeal tubercle b) Hamulus on the medial pterygoid plate c) Hyoid bone d) Thyroid cartilage e) Cricoid cartilage [Transverse colon]

Output: Hyoid bone


Input: Each of the following are infrahyoid muscles Except one. a) Omohyoid b) Sternothyroid c) Sternohyoid d) Stylohyoid e) Thyrohyoid [Transverse colon]

Output: Stylohyoid


Input: [2] analogy [1]

Output: A comparison based on a similarity in some detail between things that are otherwise unlike

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] antonyms [1]

Output: Words that mean opposite things

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] audience [1]

Output: The people for whom a piece of writing is intended

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] author's purpose [1]

Output: A writer’s reason for creating a work

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] cause and effect [1]

Output: The person, action, or event that makes something else happen and what happens as a result of the event or action

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] characters [1]

Output: Animals, people, or imaginary creatures that take part in the action of the story

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] chronological [1]

Output: The arrangement of details in time order.

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] climax [1]

Output: The most exciting and important part of the story

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] compare [1]

Output: Pointing out similarities between two or more things

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] conclusion [1]

Output: An overall opinion that you form after reading a passage

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] conflict [1]

Output: Main problem facing a story’s main character or characters; usually introduced at the beginning of a story

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] connotation [1]

Output: Meanings that a word has acquired through use

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] context clues [1]

Output: The words that come before and after a particular word in a passage

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] contrast [1]

Output: Pointing out differences between two or more things

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] denotation [1]

Output: The dictionary meaning of a word

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] dialogue [1]

Output: The conversations carried on between characters in a piece of writing

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fact [1]

Output: A statement than can be proven true or false

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fiction [1]

Output: A story that is the product of imagination rather than a documentation of fact

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] figurative language [1]

Output: Language used in writing to make it more expressive

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] first person [1]

Output: In this point of view, the story is told by one of the characters

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] flow chart [1]

Output: A graphic organizer that shows sequence

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] genre [1]

Output: A category of books

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] graphic organizer [1]

Output: A visual aid, such as a chart or timeline, that helps to present information

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] hyperbole [1]

Output: An exaggeration or overstatement for effect

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] idiom [1]

Output: An expression that can’t be understood simply by knowing the literal meaning of the words in it

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] inference [1]

Output: A determination that you make, based on information and evidence provided in a passage

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] main idea [1]

Output: This is what a selection is mostly about. It can be expressed as a summary of the text and is explained further with supporting details.

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] metaphor [1]

Output: A figure of speech that points out the similarities of two different things without using the words “like” or “as”

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] mood [1]

Output: The emotion a writer intends for the reader to feel

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] nonfiction [1]

Output: Writing that is not fictional and is usually written to explain, argue, or describe

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] onomatopoeia [1]

Output: Words that sound like the object or action described

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] opinion [1]

Output: A viewpoint or personal belief that cannot be proven true or false

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] order of importance [1]

Output: Text organization in which the most important fact is presented first

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] personification [1]

Output: Giving human qualities to an object or abstract idea

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] plot [1]

Output: The action or sequence of events in a story

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] poetry [1]

Output: Writing that uses literary elements, such as rhyme, to present ideas or experiences to the reader

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] point of view [1]

Output: The vantage point from which a story is told

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] prediction [1]

Output: A reasonable guess about what will happen next in a story

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] prefix [1]

Output: Syllables added to the beginning of a root word to form a new word

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] resolution [1]

Output: The last part of a story, where you find out how everything turned out

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] rising action [1]

Output: Events in a story after the conflict but before the climax (usually most of the story!)

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] setting [1]

Output: The time and place in which the action of a story occurs

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] simile [1]

Output: A comparison of two different things, using either “as” or “like” as a connecting word

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] stanza [1]

Output: A grouping of lines in a poem, similar to a paragraph

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] suffix [1]

Output: Syllables added to the end of a root word to form a new word

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] summary [1]

Output: A brief description of a story or event, identifying the main idea of the passage and the most important details, using your own words

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] supporting details [1]

Output: Additional descriptions, explanations, and details that help to strengthen the author’s point

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] symbolism [1]

Output: Literary device that uses one, usually concrete, thing to stand for another, usually abstract, thing

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] synonyms [1]

Output: Words that have the same (or almost the same) meaning

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] theme [1]

Output: The general meaning or “life lesson” of a story (Many stories have more than one!)

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] third person [1]

Output: In this point of view, the story is told by a narrator who stands outside the story and observes the events as they unfold

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] root word [1]

Output: A base word that is used to make a bigger word

Reading Terms Ontario Middle School 6th Grade Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] demography [1]

Output: the scientific study of the size, composition, distribution, and changes in human population


Input: [2] fertility [1]

Output: the extent of reproduction in a society


Input: [2] crude birthrate [1]

Output: the number of live births per year for every 1000 people in a specific population


Input: [2] crude death rate [1]

Output: the number of deaths per year for every 1000 people in a specific population


Input: [2] migration [1]

Output: population movement across political boundaries


Input: [2] migration rate [1]

Output: the number of emigrants (people leaving a country) subtracted from the number of immigrants (people entering it) per 1000 population


Input: [2] composition of a population [1]

Output: the numbers and types of people, calssified by characteristics such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity


Input: [2] population density [1]

Output: how a population is dispersed geographically (e.g., the number of people per square mile)


Input: [2] sex ratio [1]

Output: the number of males per 100 females


Input: [2] growth rate [1]

Output: the difference between the numbers of people added to and subtracted from a particular population


Input: [2] doubling time [1]

Output: the number of years it takes for a population to double in size


Input: [2] zero population growth (zpg) [1]

Output: an organization dedicated to reaching the population replacement level of approximately 2 children per family


Input: [2] demographic transition theory [1]

Output: population growth develops through 3 distinct stages: 1. high birth and death rates, 2. high birthrates and low death rates, and 3. low birth and death rates


Input: [2] baby boomers [1]

Output: the age cohort in the US comprising those born roughy between 1945 and 1964


Input: [2] urbanization [1]

Output: the movement of masses of people from rural to urban areas and an increase in urban influence over all spheres of culture and society


Input: [2] metropolitan statistical areas (msa's) [1]

Output: a city, or a city and its surrounding suburbs, with a population of 50,000 or more


Input: [2] consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (cmsa's) [1]

Output: the largest msa's (those containing over a million people)


Input: [2] metropolis [1]

Output: a major urban area that includes a large central city surrounded by several smaller incorporated cities and suburbs that join to form one large recognizable municipality


Input: [2] megalopolis [1]

Output: 2 or more major metropolitan areas linked politically, economically, socially, and geographically


Input: [2] suburbs [1]

Output: residential areas surrounding cities, which expand urban lifestyles into previously rural areas


Input: [2] urban sociology [1]

Output: a subdivision of sociology that identifies, studies, and explains the specific traits of urban social phenomena


Input: [2] gemeinschaft [1]

Output: a community characterized by a relatively small population, a simple division of labor, face to face interaction, and informal social control


Input: [2] gesellschaft [1]

Output: a society made up of a large population characterized by loose associations, a complex division of labor, secondary relationships, and formal social control


Input: [2] mechanical solidarity [1]

Output: characterized by tradition, unity, consensus of norms and values, and strong informal pressure to conform


Input: [2] organic solidarity [1]

Output: characterized by a highly sophisticated division of labor that makes individuals interdependent with one another


Input: [2] folk societies [1]

Output: socieities that emphasize tradition, consensus, and primary relationships


Input: [2] urban societies [1]

Output: societies based on change, diversity, and secondary relationships


Input: [2] human ecology [1]

Output: a subfield of sociology that focuses on recurring spatial, social, and cultural patterns within a particular social environment


Input: [2] ecosystem [1]

Output: a community of organisms sharing the same physical environment


Input: [2] urbanism [1]

Output: a way of life in which the city affects how people feel, think, and interact


Input: [2] ecological perspective [1]

Output: a theoretical model for analyzing the interdependence between humen beings and the physical environment


Input: [2] global warming [1]

Output: an increase in the earth's overall average temperature due to a greenhouse effect produced by increased exposure to uv light


Input: thickening, loss of elasticity and calcification of arterial walls

Output: What are the characteristics of arteriosclerosis?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: a form of arteriosclerosis

Output: What is atherosclerosis?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: deposits of fat and fibrin....that prevent flow and harden arteries fat - prevents flow fibrin - hardens arteries

Output: What are the characteristics of atherosclerosis?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: fatigue dyspnea fluid retention/edema irregular HB palpitations chest pain calf/leg tenderness numbness and tingling in legs being dizzy, light headed, syncope

Output: List some common cues to C/V problems.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: atherosclerosis of the coronary blood vessels

Output: What does coronary artery disease mean?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: CHD, IHD, ASHD, CVHD

Output: What are some synonyms of CAD?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: focal deposits of cholesterol and lipids in the INTIMAL WALL of the heart it is athero

Output: Where are the deposits with CAD? What is it...arterio or athero?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: calcified valves stiffened arteries valve rigidity inelasticity

Output: List some age related changes to the heart.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: Heart has less increase in HR and longer period of recovery needed There is a decreased response to stress when we age

Output: How does an old heart respond to a stress test?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: When the veins regenerate around a block. It happens more when we get older. Be aware that a heart issue in a younger person is much more of a problem than in an older person due to decreased collateral circulation

Output: What is collateral circulation?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation that is increased in many patients with CAD. Chronic exposure to even minor elevations of CRP can trigger the rupture of plaques and promote the oxidation of LDL cholsterol leading to increased uptake by macrophages in the endotheial lining

Output: What is the name of the marker of inflammation related to CAD?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: slow progressive disease

Output: How does CAD develop?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: white middle aged men

Output: Who has the highest incidence of CAD?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: african americans (b/c of diet)

Output: Who has earliest onset of CAD?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: african american women

Output: Who has highest death rate related to CAD?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: age (older) gender (men) ethnicity (white) genetic predisposition with family history of heart disease

Output: List the nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: increased lipids (LDL/low HDL) HTN smoking obesity inactivity DM stress medication noncompliance BMI>25

Output: List the modifiable risk factors for CAD.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: arteriosclerosis....age, chronic, hardening

Output: Old age brings on what type of artery disease?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: hypertension BP 140/90

Output: The first major risk factor for CAD is highserum lipids. What is the second major risk factor and how is it defined?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: arteriosclerosis

Output: What is the most common problem of the elderly and their health?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: HR decreased CO decreased (35%) peripheral circulation (decreased) peripheral pulses (decreased) Heart valve rigidity is INCREASED DysRHYTHMIAS are INCREASED.

Output: An older person's HR is ___________. Their Cardiac Output is __________. Their peripheral pulses are ___________. Their valve rigidity is ________. Dysrhythmias are __________.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: arrhythmias are abnormal, but dysrhythmias are DEADLY

Output: What is the difference between arrhythmias and dysrhythmias?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: angina pectoris acute coronary syndrome sudden cardiac death

Output: What are the clinical manifestations of CAD?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: transient myocardial ischemia

Output: Angina pectoris is really __________ ________ ________ expressed symptomatically as angina.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: lower than 100 make lifestyle changes and then add drugs if it doesn't work

Output: What are the LDL goals of CAD when the person is at high risk?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: LDL lower than 160

Output: What are the LDL goals of CAD when the person is at low risk?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: lower than 130

Output: What are the LDL goals of a moderate at risk person?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: nitro

Output: Angina pectoris should not persist more than 20 minutes after rest and.....

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: Angina is due to myocardial demand for oxygen exceding ability to supply it....ANAEROBIC METABOLISM leads to LACTIC ACID leads to CHEST PAIN

Output: The patho of angina pectoris is....

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: b/c the veins are arterioscerotic and they can't dilate

Output: Why doesn't the heart just supply more oxygen so the pain will stop?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: PQRST

Output: How do you assess angina?


Input: P-precipitating events Q-quality of pain R-radiation of pain S-severity of pain T-timing

Output: Define the letters in a PQRST angina assessment.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: When did the pain begin? Has the pain changed since this time? Have you had pain like this before?

Output: What do you mean by timing of pain?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: in the early morning after wakening

Output: When do the manifestations of CAD (angina, acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death) usually occur during the day?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: stable unstable prinzmetals nocturnal angina decubitus

Output: What are the types or kinds of angina?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: chest pain only happens when you lay down and is relieved by getting up. Presents like gas

Output: What does angina decubitus mean?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: Physical exertion Temperature extremes Strong emotions Consumption of heavy meal Tobacco use Sexual activity Stimulants

Output: There are seven precipitating factors to angina. List them.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: rare, often at rest, is cyclical, and caused by spasm, NOT INCREASED PHYSICAL DEMAND. Frequently seen in patient's with migrane and Raynaud's. Think of person on couch, eating pretzels and powdered donuts (Raynaud's)

Output: What does prinzmetal's angina look like?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: intermittent, predictable, stops with stopping activity, usually infrequent

Output: What is stable angina?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: not in the hospital. they are given heart med to take at the predictable time rest and sublingual nitroglycerine

Output: Where is a person with stable angina usually treated? What are the treatments?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: exertion

Output: What provokes stable angina?


Input: unstable is SUDDEN, NEW ONSET, occuring at REST

Output: How is the TIMING different in stable vs. unstable angina?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: Acute Coronary Syndrome includes: 1. Unstable Angina 2. Myocardial infarction

Output: There are two parts to acute coronary syndrome. Name them.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: headache ( you can take tylenol) orthostatic hypotension

Output: What are two side effects that are a problem with all nitrates?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: break off of a plaque. You are concerned about MI due to thrombosis. Patient needs cardiac cath

Output: What causes an unstable angina?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: ECG Serum Cardiac Markers (triponin/CK-MB...creatnine kinase and C-reactive protein)

Output: How do you diagnose CAD?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: A blood study. The creatine kinase level is highly indicative of MI. CKMB levels increase 4-6 hours after MI. Collected serial sampling way. Every 6-8 hours x3)

Output: Explain what the CK-MB test is.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: a cardiac specific marker protein

Output: What is troponin?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: a marker of inflammation that can predict risk of cardiac disease and cardiac events, even in patients with normal lipid values

Output: What is c-reactive protein?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: It is a peptide. Elevated indicates presence of heart failure and distinguishes cardiac vs. respiratory cause of dyspnea. INFUSION OF NATRECOR will elevate levels temporarily.

Output: What is SO interesting about a BNP?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: ECG records cardiac electrical activity Echocardiogram - records direction and flow of blood through heart...place patient in supine position on left side facing equipment

Output: What is difference between ECG and echocardiogram?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: obtains information about oxygen saturation and pressure readings within the heart chambers.

Output: What does a cardiac catheterization study do?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: inject contrast medium to assist in examining structure and motion of heart. A catheter is either inserted into a vein (for right sided study) or into an artery (for left sided study). Brachial or Femoral vein.

Output: How is a cardiac cath done?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: -obtain permission -check for iodine sensitivity -withhold food or fluids for 6-18 hours before procedure -give sedative -instruct patient to cough or take deep breath when catheter is inserted -monitor patient on ECG throughout procedure

Output: Before a procedure, what are the nursing responsibilities for a cardiac cath procedure?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: valium PO bendaryl tagement versed

Output: What type of sedative might be given to patient prior to cardiac catheterization?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: -assess circulation to extremity -check peripheral pulses, color/sensation of extremity every 15 minutes for 1 hour. -Observe puncture site for hematoma and bleeding -Place compression device over arterial site -assess cardiovascular and respiratory -watch for pulmonary embolism

Output: What are the nursing responsibilities after a cardiac cath ?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: study involves injection of radiopaque contrast medium directly into the coronary arteries. LOOKS AT BLOOD FLOW IN THE HEART VESSEL. It is used to evaluate patency of coronary arteries and collateral circulation.

Output: What does a coronary angiography do?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: low fat, low sodium

Output: What type of diet do you tell a CAD or angina patient to follow?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: laser that widdles away the plaque

Output: What is laser angiography?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: bypass the occlusion

Output: What is CABG?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: percutaneous translumina coronary angioplasty (with or without stent placement) pushes back the plaque

Output: What is PTCA?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: preload is amount of blood in the heart AT REST afterload is the PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE the heart must pump against

Output: What is preload vs afterload?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: calcium channel blocker VASODILATION

Output: When you thinkcalcium channel blocker, you should think....

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: heart rate and contractility decrease afterload

Output: Beta blockers reduce both....

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: aspirin (antiplatelet agents)

Output: What type of drug is famous for causing a 50% reduction in progression of CAD to an MI?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: should be administered as soon as ACS is suspected

Output: When should antiplatelet drugs be administered?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?


Input: plavix...it inhibits platelet aggregation and is an alternative for a patient that can not take aspirin

Output: Other than aspirin, what other drug is an antiplatelet?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com

What type of disorder is Arteriosclerosis?