Input: If your patient is in a PVS is their cerebral metabolism normal?

Output: NO cerebral metabolism is depressed slightly more than coma

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: If your patient is aware of examiner and can be aroused by strong stimuli, but doesn't respond to simple commands, what type of altered state of consciousness are they in?

Output: STUPOR

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Describe what your observations would be if your patient had suffered frontal lobe damage?

Output: Akinetic Mutism & Catatonia -patient is awake but no spontaneous movements or speech NON-responsive to commands

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Your patient has suffered bilateral damage to the cerebral peduncles. The patient is conscious, has perception of sensation, has vertical eye movement, and can blink. What will happen to this patient?

Output: This patient will have Locked in syndrome completely paralyzed: only vertical eye movement and blinking perserved patient has a poor prognosis because complications from paralysis usually arise as respiratory infections

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: bilateral damage to what structures can cause locked in syndrome?

Output: descending motor pathways in ventral pons, cerebral peduncles, or internal capsule

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: If the medulla is involved in bilateral damage to the cerebral peduncles or ventral pons what will be required for a patient suffering from locked in syndrome?

Output: require ventilation

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Nuisance zoning... a) restricts the output level of companies if the production is a nuisance to the neighbors b) imposes taxes on properties that are nuisances c) restricts the location of properties that might become nuisances

Output: c) restricts the location of properties that might become nuisances

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Fiscal zoning is a type of regulation that... a) impose taxes on properties that cause negative externalities b) restricts the location of developments that could increase the cost of providing government services c) impose higher taxes on properties in certain areas to fund the construction of infrastructure

Output: b) restricts the location of developments that could increase the cost of providing government services

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Pigouvean tax is... a) a tax imposed on activities that cause negative externalities b) the price that the government charges for pollution permits c) a tax imposed on the sales of tradable development rights

Output: a) a tax imposed on activities that cause negative externalities

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Large lot zoning causes ______ in the city that adopts this type of zoning. a) a decrease in the supply of low skilled workers b) an increase in the supply of low skilled workers c) an increase in the demand for low skilled workers

Output: a) a decrease in the supply of low skilled workers

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Urban growth controls are... a) policies to stimulate economic development through the attraction of business investments b) policies that stimulate greater population growth c) policies that restrict population growth and/or urban sprawl

Output: c) policies that restrict population growth and/or urban sprawl

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: An urban growth boundary is... a) a regulation that outlaws land development outside the boundary b) a policy that denies local government services outside the boundary c) the location of the expected border of the city in the foreseeable future

Output: a) a regulation that outlaws land development outside the boundary

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: When an urban growth boundary is imposed, the value of undeveloped land located just outside the boundary of a growing city tends to... a) increase because future land rents will likely be higher than it was expected before b) decrease because future land rents will likely be lower than it was expected before c) stay the same because it is given by farm land rents, which are not affected

Output: b) decrease because future land rents will likely be lower than it was expected before

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: A growing city with growth controls tend to have higher urban land values than a similar city without controls because... a) growth controls are implemented through an increase in property taxes b) growth controls make the city more friendly to businesses c) growth controls improves the expected future quality of living of the city

Output: c) growth controls improves the expected future quality of living of the city

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: In a growing city, urban growth controls ____________ housing filtering, making the cost of providing a given quality of housing structure to _______________. a) speed up; decrease b) slow down; decrease c) slow down; increase

Output: c) slow down; increase

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Which of the following is not an external cost of driving a car? a) health problems caused by pollution b) waste of time due to traffic congestion c) opportunity cost of time spent driving

Output: c) opportunity cost of time spent driving

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: What is the optimal size of a congestion tax? a) The tax should equal the benefit of driving to each driver b) The tax should equal the marginal external cost measured at the social optimum amount of driving c) The tax should equal the marginal private cost of driving measured at the free market equilibrium amount of driving

Output: b) The tax should equal the marginal external cost measured at the social optimum amount of driving

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: In a monocentric city, what would be the expected effect of congestion pricing (imposed in central areas) on land rents? a) land rents would decrease in the entire city b) land rents would increase in the central area c) land rents would decrease in the central area

Output: b) land rents would increase in the central area

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Congestion pricing has not been implemented in many places yet. One of the reasons is that... a) the technology to enforce compliance is not effective (it would be too easy to evade). b) the tax would be unpopular because it is regressive c) past experience has shown that the tax does not reduce congestion significantly

Output: b) the tax would be unpopular because it is regressive

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: In the U.S., mass transit typically imposes a lower _________ than car driving. a) monetary cost b) time cost c) discomfort cost

Output: a) monetary cost

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Mass transit usage ______ income of households (holding other factors constant). a) increases with higher b) decreases with higher c) is not related to

Output: b) decreases with higher

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Mass transit is heavily subsidized by the government. Which of the following is NOT an economic justification for the subsidization? a) mass transit usage generates positive externalities b) mass transit market is a natural monopoly c) mass transit is a public good

Output: b) mass transit market is a natural monopoly

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: A rail system has ____ than an equivalent bus system. a) higher fixed costs b) higher marginal cost per passenger c) lower average cost per passenger

Output: a) higher fixed costs

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: A rail system can be more worthwhile than a bus system if... a) income level of potential users is low b) potential user density is high c) traffic congestion on roads is low

Output: b) potential user density is high

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Which of the following is an advantage of central provision of government services (rather than local provision)? a) more political accountability b) economies of scale in the provision c) greater policy innovation

Output: b) economies of scale in the provision

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Transfer of resources between cities is needed to make local government policies more efficient due to... a) economies of scale in government service provision b) differences in natural resources available to each city (e.g., land and water availability, climate) c) spillovers (externalities) from each city's policies

Output: c) spillovers (externalities) from each city's policies

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: The burden of an excise tax falls more heavily on the side of the market (buyers or sellers) that... a) is responsible for the collection and payment of the tax to the government b) has a more elastic willingness to buy or sell c) has a more inelastic willingness to buy or sell

Output: c) has a more inelastic willingness to buy or sell

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Consider the case where government services are not affected by property taxation. Also, the landowner, structure owner, and structure user are not the same person. In this case, the burden of a land tax falls on... a) landowners b) structure owners c) structure users

Output: a) landowners

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Property tax capitalization refers to... a) the changes in the quality of government services due to a change in property tax b) an increase in property tax revenues due to increasing property values c) a reduction in property values due to higher property taxes

Output: c) a reduction in property values due to higher property taxes

ECO 435 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com

a) the existence of externalities from land use


Input: Which of the following is not true regarding a property management trust account: a. Multiple properties can be in one trust account b. A salesperson can be a signator on the trust account c. A salesperson signator may sign checks paying miscellaneous maintenance fees d. Only licensed signatories are permitted [c. Property owner]

Output: d. Only licensed signatories are permitted

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A property management agreement may be terminated: a. By a ruling of the real estate department b. Within 10 day written notice by either party c. Within anytime that was agreed to in the agreement d. With a majority consent of the lessees [c. Property owner]

Output: c. Within anytime that was agreed to in the agreement

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: If the landlord fails to comply with the rental agreement in matters affecting health and safety, the tenant may terminate the lease if the breach is not corrected in how many days? a. 3 days b. 5 days c. 10 days d. 14 days [c. Property owner]

Output: b. 5 days

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A property owner has an agreement with a property manager. The broker-manager license expires. Which of the following is true? a. The agreement is valid for a one-year grace period b. The agreement is suspended until the license is renewed c. The agreement will terminate when the broker's license expires d. The agreement will continue until the stated expiration date [c. Property owner]

Output: c. The agreement will terminate when the broker's license expires

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Who may sign a commission check paid out of a broker's trust account? a. Salesperson b. Broker c. Salesperson or broker d. Company bookkeeper [c. Property owner]

Output: c. Salesperson or broker

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the maximum security deposit allowed by the Arizona Landlord Tenant Act? a. One month rent b. 1 1/2 month's rent c. 1 1/2 month's rent plus last month d. First and last months rent plus 1 1/2 months security [c. Property owner]

Output: b. 1 1/2 month's rent

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A broker, acting as a property manager, would be what type of agent: a. Special b. General c. Implied d. Ostensible [c. Property owner]

Output: b. General

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An apartment complex would be required to keep the common grounds accessible to all the residents. Which of the following would cover this requirement? a. Equal Opportunity Act b. Equal Common Grounds act c. Federal Fair Housing d. American with Disabilities Act [c. Property owner]

Output: c. Federal Fair Housing

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A buyer buys a leasehold interest in an apartment building. This interest is most likely: a. Stock in a co-op b. A partnership interest c. Fee interest d. Patio home ownership [c. Property owner]

Output: a. Stock in a co-op

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In a property management contract, what relationship does the manager have with the owner? a. Implied Agency b. Agency by Estoppel c. Leasehold Interest d. Fiduciary [c. Property owner]

Output: d. Fiduciary

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the borrower would have all of the following rights except: a. Right to know why a loan was denied b. Poor credit report in the past can not be a reason for denial c. Protection against questions regarding marital status, age, and pregnancy d. The right to use income from public assistance [c. Property owner]

Output: b. Poor credit report in the past can not be a reason for denial

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Q has moved into a cooperative, which of the following is true? a. Q owns a limited partnership interest in the building b. Q owns the unit fee simple c. Q may have to make a larger payment if the other parties do not make their payments d. Q may not deduct taxes and insurance on his income taxes because he only pays monthly rent [c. Property owner]

Output: c. Q may have to make a larger payment if the other parties do not make their payments

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A handicapped man rents an apartment that is not handicapped accessible. Which of the following is true regarding the handicapped parking situation if the owner has three reserved spaces near the units for $200 a month: a. The owner must evict a tenant from the space and give it to the handicapped tenant. b. The owner would provide the space free of charge if the handicapped person demonstrates the need for one month. c. The owner may provide the reserved space to the handicapped person at the same $200 per month charge d. The owner is responsible to provide the reserved space to the handicapped person when it becomes available at no extra charge. [c. Property owner]

Output: d. The owner is responsible to provide the reserved space to the handicapped person when it becomes available at no extra charge

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A disabled person rents a hous and has an assistance animal. Which of the following is true regarding a pet deposit? a. A pet deposit may not be charged b. A pet deposit may be charged c. A pet fee may be charged if the dog does damage d. A pet deposit may be charged under handicapped deposit requirements [c. Property owner]

Output: A. A pet deposit may not be charged

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When an occupant holds a long term proprietary lease this is referred to as: a. Condominium b. Townhouse c. Co-operative d. Apartment [c. Property owner]

Output: c. Co-operative

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Familial Status under Federal Fair Housing prohibits discrimination against: a. Parents and all children b. Parents that are handicapped c. Parents with children under 18 years of age d. Children as long as they are dependent [c. Property owner]

Output: c. Parents with children under 18 years of age

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A seller wants to list a four-plex and live in one unit but doesn't want any children in the units. What should the agent do? a. List the property and say no children b. Refuse the listing, it violates fair housing c. Charge the families with children a higher deposit d. Refuse the application if they have children [c. Property owner]

Output: b. Refuse the listing, it violates fair housing

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The fair housing act of 1968 would cover which of the following listed below: a. National origin b. Marital Status c. Age d. Gender [c. Property owner]

Output: a. National origin

Housing Regulation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Social psychology is the scientific study of [the power of the situation.]

Output: how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.


Input: An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events is called [the power of the situation.]

Output: a theory.


Input: A researcher interested in learning whether young people whose fathers are absent from the home are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. she compares the arrest rates of boys whose fathers are absend with those of boys whose fathers are present in the home. This is an example of [the power of the situation.]

Output: a correlational study.


Input: The study of naturally occurring relationships among variables is known as [the power of the situation.]

Output: correlational research.


Input: The main advantage of field research is that: [the power of the situation.]

Output: more genuine behaviors can be observed.


Input: Cause-effect relationships are studied using: [the power of the situation.]

Output: experimental research methods.


Input: Research has shown that tall grave markers (a status symbol) are [the power of the situation.]

Output: positively correlated with longevity.


Input: Variable X is correlated with Variable Y. Which of the following could explain this correlation? [the power of the situation.]

Output: X causes Y. Y causes X. A third variable causes or influences both X and Y.


Input: The great strength of correlational research is that it [the power of the situation.]

Output: studies factors in real-world settings that cannot be manipulated in the laboratory.


Input: An experimenter exposes participants to different temperature levels to determine its effect on aggression. Temperature is the [the power of the situation.]

Output: independent variable.


Input: In an experimental study of the effects of fear on the desire to affiliate, fear would be the ______ variable. [the power of the situation.]

Output: independent variable.


Input: The two essential ingredients of a social psychological experiment are [the power of the situation.]

Output: control and random assignment.


Input: Manipulating one or two factors while holding others constant is the essence of [the power of the situation.]

Output: experimental control.


Input: When the laboratory experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations, the experiment is said to be high in [the power of the situation.]

Output: mundane realism.


Input: When the laboratory experiment deeply absorbs and involves participants, the experiment has [the power of the situation.]

Output: experimental realism.


Input: American Psychological Association ethical principles dictate that potential research participants should be told enough about the experiment to [the power of the situation.]

Output: be able to give their informed consent.


Input: All of the following are ways to control for extraneous (confusing) variables in an experiment, except for [the power of the situation.]

Output: conducting a pilot study first.


Input: The main advantage of survey research is that: [the power of the situation.]

Output: a large sample can be studied in a short amount of time.


Input: Putting participants in one of two conditions by flipping a coin illustrates [the power of the situation.]

Output: random assignment.


Input: Two contradictory criticisms faced by social psychology are that its findings are obvious and that [the power of the situation.]

Output: its findings could be used to manipulate people.


Input: The hindsight bias contributes to the idea that [the power of the situation.]

Output: the results of psychological experiments are mere common sense.


Input: The hindsight bias affects the way we view decision makers, making us more likely to [the power of the situation.]

Output: blame them for making obviously bad choices.


Input: When evaluating intelligence errors after the 9/11 tragedy, hindsight bias makes us more likely to: [the power of the situation.]

Output: blame authorities for making what now seem like bad choices.


Input: Amy reads a research article and feels like it didn't tell her anything she didn't already know. Amy's experience. illustrates the [the power of the situation.]

Output: hindsight bias.


Input: The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon can often lead students of social psychology [the power of the situation.]

Output: to underprepare for an exam.


Input: The conclusion to be drawn from research on the hindsight bias is that our common sense is usually [the power of the situation.]

Output: right after the fact.


Input: If psychologists were to find that alcohol consumption increases aggression, this discovery would likely seem obvious and unsurprising to college students because [the power of the situation.]

Output: students, like everyone else, have a tendency to exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past discoveries.


Input: The most researched topic in psychology today is [the power of the situation.]

Output: the self.


Input: How you answer the question "Who am I?" defines your [the power of the situation.]

Output: self-concept.


Input: The beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information are called [the power of the situation.]

Output: self-schemas.


Input: The tendency to process efficiently and remember well information related to oneself is called the _____ effect. [the power of the situation.]

Output: self-reference.


Input: The self-reference effect illustrates that [the power of the situation.]

Output: our sense of self is at the center of our world.


Input: Jessica attends a friend's wedding wearing last year's fashions. The "spotlight effect" suggests that [the power of the situation.]

Output: Jessica will self-consciously assume everyone is noticing her dress.


Input: Western cultures are to ______ as Asian cultures are to _______. [the power of the situation.]

Output: the independent self; the interdependent self


Input: A magazine ad for a hair-care product says, "She's got a style all her own." This ad is most likely to appear in [the power of the situation.]

Output: America.


Input: For someone with a collectivistic, interdependent sense of self, happiness comes with [the power of the situation.]

Output: positive social engagement.


Input: Imagine being in a car accident that left you paralyzed from the waist down. Research by Gilbert and Wilson suggests that in five years you will most likely [the power of the situation.]

Output: have learned to to cope with the changes and be about as happy as you were before the accident.


Input: The notion that we often have implicit attitudes that differ from our explicit attitudes defines the concept of [the power of the situation.]

Output: dual attitudes.


Input: The tendency to perceive oneself favorably is known as [the power of the situation.]

Output: self-serving bias.


Input: Jenny failed her last chemistry test. Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jenny's part? [the power of the situation.]

Output: "I think the test questions were ambiguous and confusing."


Input: Self-serving bias is strongest for qualities that are [the power of the situation.]

Output: subjective


Input: Nearly half of all marriages end in divorce. Yet in a study of 137 people applying for a marriage license, most rated their own chance of divorce as zero. This finding illustrates [the power of the situation.]

Output: unrealistic optimism.


Input: Jack cheats on his income taxes and consoles himself with the thought that everyone else probably cheats a little, too. This rationalization represents [the power of the situation.]

Output: the false consensus effect.


Input: Which of the following is most likely to trigger a false uniquenes effect in your thinking? [the power of the situation.]

Output: volunteering to give blood


Input: Those who drink heavily but use seat belts will _______ the number of other heavy drinkers and _______ the number of seat belt users. [the power of the situation.]

Output: overestimate; underestimate


Input: According to research by Abraham Tesser, who among the following is likely to have the strongest motive for self-esteem maintenance? [the power of the situation.]

Output: an older child whose younger sibling is talented and capable.


Input: Which of the following is TRUE of the self-serving bias? [the power of the situation.]

Output: It can protect people from depression.


Input: A potentially maladaptive consequence of the self-serving bias is that [the power of the situation.]

Output: others may see you as egotistical and deceitful.


Input: When groups are comparable, most people consider their own group to be [the power of the situation.]

Output: superior


Input: a person's overall sense of self-worth constitutes his or her [the power of the situation.]

Output: self-esteem.


Input: Locus of control is a belief that [the power of the situation.]

Output: what determines life outcomes.


Input: The sense that one is competent to do something constitutes one's [the power of the situation.]

Output: self-efficacy.


Input: People with strong feelings of self-efficacy are likely to be more [the power of the situation.]

Output: persistent.


Input: The extent to which people perceive their lives as internally controllable by their own efforts and actions or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces constitutes their [the power of the situation.]

Output: locus of control.


Input: "Sometimes I feel that I don't have enough control over the direction my life is taking." This statement reflects [the power of the situation.]

Output: an external locus of control.


Input: If you believe your fate is determined by ______, you probably have an ______ locus of control. [the power of the situation.]

Output: NOT your own abilities; external. NOT personal mo; external. NOT fate or luck; internal NONE OF THE ABOVE


Input: Martin Seligman notes a basic similarity between learned helplessness in dogs and ______ in people. [the power of the situation.]

Output: depression.


Input: The experience of repeated uncontrollable bad events contributes to [the power of the situation.]

Output: learned helplessness.


Input: Barry Schwartz (2000) argues that individualistic cultures marked by _______ tend to cause decreased life satisfaction and increased clinical depression. [the power of the situation.]

Output: "an excess of freedom"


Input: Heatherton and Vohs (2000) threatened some undergraduate men, but not others, with a failure experience on an aptitude test. In response to the threat, [the power of the situation.]

Output: high self-esteem men become more antagonistic.


Input: According to the textbook, the healthiest attitude about oneself [the power of the situation.]

Output: mixes positive thinking with the realism to discriminate what we can and cannot control.


Input: Dogs who learn a sense of helplessness by being taught they cannot escape shocks [the power of the situation.]

Output: later fail to take the initiative in another situation when they can escape punishment.


Input: Bandura emphasizes that self-efficacy improves as a result of [the power of the situation.]

Output: the experience of success.


Input: _______ researchers study how we explain others' behavior. [the power of the situation.]

Output: Attribution


Input: Assuming that the students in an 8:30 A.M. class are "silent types" and the students in a 7:00 P.M. class are a bunch of extroverts would be an example of [the power of the situation.]

Output: the fundamental attribution error.


Input: The fundamental attribution error tends to occur for [the power of the situation.]

Output: others' behavior


Input: Glenda has turned in an assignment late, so her instructor concludes that Glenda is lazy and unmotivated. The instructor's assumption is an example of [the power of the situation.]

Output: a dispositional attribution.


Input: You notice that Devon, a classmate, has failed a quiz. You may be committing the fundamental attribution error if you conclude that [the power of the situation.]

Output: Devon is a lazy student who probably did not study.


Input: Jones and Harris had students read debaters' speeches either supporting or attacking Cuban leader Fidel Castro. When the students were later told that the debater's position had been assigned, they [the power of the situation.]

Output: concluded that to some extent the speech reflected the speaker's true beliefs.


Input: We are less likely to commit the fundamental attribution error when explaining ____ behavior. [the power of the situation.]

Output: our own


Input: We tend to automatically believe that the scripted behavior of an actor reflects [the power of the situation.]

Output: inner dispositions.


Input: One reason why the fundamental attribution error occurs is that when we observe others acting we tend to focus on [the power of the situation.]

Output: the person and not the environment.


Input: Our Western worldview predisposes us to assume that _____ cause events. [the power of the situation.]

Output: People


Input: According to the text, the major reason for learning about social thinking and examining our errors and biases is to [the power of the situation.]

Output: develop our capacity for critical thinking.


Input: Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called the [the power of the situation.]

Output: availability heuristic.


Input: The incorrect belief that the letter "k" appears more often as the first letter of a work than as the third letter can be understood in terms of [the power of the situation.]

Output: the availability heuristic.


Input: Dottie has the illusory belief that a correlation exists between washing her car and the occurrence of rain in her area. According to research, Dottie is much more likely now to notice when [the power of the situation.]

Output: it rains and she has just washed her car.


Input: Dice players who throw softly to get low numbers and harder to get high numbers are demonstrating [the power of the situation.]

Output: the illusion of control.


Input: Although Jason once scored a 270 in bowling, he has subsequently been unable to beat that record no matter how much he practices. His experience may be partially understood in terms of [the power of the situation.]

Output: regression toward the average.


Input: When baseball's rookie-of-the-year has a more ordinary second year, we shouldn't be surprised. This fact is easily explained by [the power of the situation.]

Output: regression toward the average.


Input: The tendency for one's expectations to evoke behavior that confirms the expectations is called [the power of the situation.]

Output: self-fulfilling prophecy.


Input: Snyder, Tanke, and Berscheid had male students speak by telephone with women they thought were eiher attractive or unattractive. When judges later analyzed the women's comments, they found that [the power of the situation.]

Output: the women thought to be attractive spoke more warmly than the other women.


Input: Attitudes are _______ that can influence our reactions. [the power of the situation.]

Output: beliefs and feelings


Input: Which of the following refers to a set of examples or research investigations that illustrate the power of self-persuasion--of attitudes following behavior? [the power of the situation.]

Output: role playing the foot-in-the-door principle interracial desegregation


Input: The term _______ refers to actions expected of those who occupy a particular social position. [the power of the situation.]

Output: role


Input: The results of Zimbardo's Stanford prison simulation indicated that [the power of the situation.]

Output: playing the roles of prisoners and guards can embitter and harden even compassionate people.


Input: You've just been promoted to the role of supervisor at work. You feel awkward and uncomfortable in your new position. Research on role-playing suggests [the power of the situation.]

Output: over time you will get comfortable with your new role.


Input: A sales representative comes to your home and asks you to try a water filter system for a week, absolutely free, so you agree. He returns the next week and offers you an expensive contract to continue to rent the system and you agree. You are most clearly a victim of [the power of the situation.]

Output: the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.


Input: You agree to buy a new computer at a terrific price. Then the sales associate charges you for software you thought was included in the original package. You've been a victim of [the power of the situation.]

Output: the low-ball technique.


Input: Findings on racial attitudes and behavior suggest that [the power of the situation.]

Output: changes in racial attitudes have followed changes in racial behavior.


Input: Which of the following is NOT an effective component of a brainwashing program? [the power of the situation.]

Output: offering large bribes for compliance with requests.


Input: What is an effective component of a brainwashing program? [the power of the situation.]

Output: 1) gradually escalating the demands made of the prisoner. 2) eliciting active participation from the prisoner rather than allowing him to be a passive recipient of propaganda 3) having prisoners write self-criticism or utter public confessions


Input: Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that we experience _______ when our beliefs and behaviors are _______. [the power of the situation.]

Output: tension; inconsistent


Input: Darwin proposed the process of natural selection, whereby [the power of the situation.]

Output: nature selects traits that best equip organisms to survive and reproduce in their environment.


Input: The study of how natural selection predisposes adaptive traits and behavior is called [the power of the situation.]

Output: evolutionary psychology.


Input: Evolutionary psychology [the power of the situation.]

Output: highlights our universal human nature.


Input: Psychologists refer to the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next as [the power of the situation.]

Output: culture.


Input: The cultural perspective is to _______ as the evolutionary perspective is to _______. [the power of the situation.]

Output: social norms; human adaptability


Input: Norms [the power of the situation.]

Output: describe what most others do. are rules for accepted and expected behavior. prescribe proper behavior.


Input: Although there are many unoccupied tables and chairs in the cafeteria, Rudolph decides to sit at the same table in the chair right next to James. James feels uncomfortable because Rudolph has violated [the power of the situation.]

Output: his personal space.


Input: The characteristics people associate with male and female define [the power of the situation.]

Output: gender


Input: Compared to women, men [the power of the situation.]

Output: are more likely to commit suicide.


Input: Compared to men, women [the power of the situation.]

Output: have a somewhat better sense of smell.


Input: During the 1970s, many scholars worried that studies of gender differences might [the power of the situation.]

Output: reinforce stereotypes, and that gender differencese might be interpreted as women's deficits.


Input: In groups, men talk more _______, whereas women talk more _______. [the power of the situation.]

Output: to give information; to show support


Input: When surveyed, women are far more likely than men to describe themselves as having [the power of the situation.]

Output: emphathy for others.


Input: When they want empathy and understanding, men turn to ______ and women turn to ______. [the power of the situation.]

Output: women; women


Input: In essentially every society, men, relative to women, [the power of the situation.]

Output: are socially dominant.


Input: In conversations, men are more likely than women to [the power of the situation.]

Output: interrupt others. smile less. stare more.


Input: Across cultures, men [the power of the situation.]

Output: strive to offer women external resources and physical protection. prefer women with physical features that suggest fertility. are more likely to initiate sexual activity.


Input: Higher than normal levels of testosterone have been found in [the power of the situation.]

Output: violent male criminals. boisterous fraternity members. National Football League players.


Input: Compared to boys, girls in countries everywhere spend more time ______ and less time ______. [the power of the situation.]

Output: helping with housework; in unsupervised play


Input: According to the text, what term best describes the relationship between biology and culture? [the power of the situation.]

Output: interaction


Input: A very strong cultural norm dictates that males should be taller than their female mates. This height norm is cited in your text as evidence that [the power of the situation.]

Output: biology and culture interact to develop gender role norms.


Input: Although control participants were correct about line-length judgments more than 99 percent of the time in Asch's conformity study, his naive participants conformed to the incorrect judgments of others in _____ of the responses. [the power of the situation.]

Output: 37 percent


Input: The results of Asch's study are startling because the study did not employ any [the power of the situation.]

Output: open, obvious pressure to conform.


Input: When Milgram conducted his first series of experiments with a sample of forty 20- to 50-year-old men, he found that 26 (65 percent) of them [the power of the situation.]

Output: went to 450 volts.


Input: Which of the following was found to be a factor that influenced obedience in Milgram's research? [the power of the situation.]

Output: the victim's emotional distance the closeness of the authority the presence of other defiant teachers


Input: In Milgram's studies, obedience was highest when [the power of the situation.]

Output: the learner could not be seen and could not see the teacher.


Input: The conformity and obedience studies discussed in the text illustrate [the power of the situation.]

Output: the power of the situation.


Input: According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that [the power of the situation.]

Output: even ordinary people, who are not particularly hostile, can become agents of destruction.


Input: People who are motivated and able to think through an issue are best persuaded by [the power of the situation.]

Output: central route processing.


Input: An automobile manufacturer who produces advertisements associating his cars with a young, attractive family enjoying picnics is most clearly using [the power of the situation.]

Output: peripheral route persuasion.


Input: A computer manufacturer who produces advertisements comparing his product with other competing models on features and prices is most clearly using [the power of the situation.]

Output: central route persuasion.


Input: Physical appeal and similarity are two important factors that determine a communicator's [the power of the situation.]

Output: attractiveness.


Input: Janis and his colleagues found that if Yale students were allowed to consume peanuts and Pepsi while reading persuasive messages, they [the power of the situation.]

Output: were more convinced by the messages.


Input: If you can't make a strong case to persuade, it would be a good idea to try to [the power of the situation.]

Output: put your audience in a good mood.


Input: Fear-arousing messages are more effective if they [the power of the situation.]

Output: also tell people how to avoid the danger.


Input: In the study of age differences in attitudes, there is very little evidence for [the power of the situation.]

Output: life cycle effects.


Input: A process, effected by an entity's board of directors, management, and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in the following categories: Reliability of Financial Reporting Effectiveness & Efficiency of Operations Compliance with Applicable laws and regulations

Output: What is Internal Control

Advanced Auditing Exam II- Internal Control Flashcards - Cram.com

Five Components of internal control from COSO


Input: Sets the tone of the organization, influencing the control consciousness of it's people. It is the foundation for all other components of internal control, providing discipline and structure.

Output: Control Environment

Advanced Auditing Exam II- Internal Control Flashcards - Cram.com

Five Components of internal control from COSO


Input: Process, effected by an entity's BOD, Management, and other personnel, applied in strategy setting across the enterprise designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives.

Output: Enterprise Risk Management

Advanced Auditing Exam II- Internal Control Flashcards - Cram.com

Five Components of internal control from COSO


Input: It’s a process It involves people at every level of the organization It’s applied in strategy setting It takes an entity-level portfolio view of risk It’s designed to identify potential events (i.e., ‘negative’ risks and ‘positive’ opportunities) that may affect the entity and to manage risk within its risk appetite It only provides reasonable assurance It’s geared to the achievement of objectives in one or more separate but overlapping categories ERM should be “built in” rather than “built on”

Output: Important concepts reflected in this definition of ERM:

Advanced Auditing Exam II- Internal Control Flashcards - Cram.com

Five Components of internal control from COSO


Input: Strategic-high level goals, aligned with and supporting its mission Operations-effective and efficient use of its resources Reporting-reliability Compliance - with laws and regulations

Output: ERM Four Objectives

Advanced Auditing Exam II- Internal Control Flashcards - Cram.com

Five Components of internal control from COSO


Input: 1. Internal environment 2. Objective setting 3. Event identifications 4. Risk assessment 5. Risk response 6. Control activities 7. Information and communication 8. Monitoring

Output: Eight Components of Enterprise Risk management

Advanced Auditing Exam II- Internal Control Flashcards - Cram.com

Five Components of internal control from COSO


Input: People do not want to put at risk what they already have or think they can have, but will have higher risk tolerances when they think they can minimize losses.

Output: Prospect Theory

Advanced Auditing Exam II- Internal Control Flashcards - Cram.com

Five Components of internal control from COSO


Input: The hand consists of how many bones?

Output: 27

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: the hand bones are subdivided into what groups?

Output: Phalanges Metacarpals Carpals

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: Phalanges

Output: bones of the digits (fingers and thumb)

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: Metacarpals

Output: bones of the palm


Input: Carpals

Output: bones of the wrist


Input: First digit Second digit Third digit Fourth digit Fifth digit

Output: (thumb) (index finger) (middle finger) (ring finger) (small finger)

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: the numbers start at the thumb or (same as thumb)

Output: the lateral side of the hand

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: They are long bones consisting of a body and two articular ends, the head distally and the base proximally.

Output: Metacarpals

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: contains two small sesamoid bones on its palmar aspect below the neck

Output: The first metacarpal

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: , commonly known as the knuckles, are visible on the dorsal hand in flexion. The metacarpals are also numbered 1 to 5, beginning from the lateral side of the hand.

Output: The metacarpal heads

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: ___which are cylindric in shape and slightly concave anteriorly, form the ____

Output: Five metacarpals the palm of the hand

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: DIP PIP IP

Output: Distal interphalangeal joint Proximal interphalangeal joint interphalangeal joint

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: has eight carpal bones, which are fitted closely together and arranged in two horizontal rows

Output: wrist

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: are classified as short bones, composed of largely Cancellous tissue with an outer layer of compact bony tissue.

Output: carpols

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: compact bone and spongy

Output: cancellous bone

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: Beginning the proximal row of carpals on the lateral side, the ______, the largest bone in the proximal carpal row, has a tubercle on the anterior and lateral aspect for muscle attachment and is palpable near the base of the thumb. .

Output: scaphoid

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: The______ articulates with the radius proximally and is easy to recognize because of its crescent shape.

Output: lunate

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: The _______ is roughly pyramidal and articulates anteriorly with the _____

Output: triquetrum hamate

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: The _____ is a pea-shaped bone situated anterior to the triquetrum and is easily palpated.

Output: pisiform

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: Sally Left The Party To Take Cathy Home

Output: Carpal Bones mnemonic

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: Beginning the distal row of carpals on the lateral side, the _______ has a tubercle and groove on the anterior surface.

Output: trapezium

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: The _____ has a smaller surface anteriorly than posteriorly.

Output: trapezoid

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: The ________ articulates with the base of the third metacarpal and is the largest and most centrally located carpal.

Output: capitate

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: The wedge-shaped _______ exhibits the prominent hook of hamate, which is located on the anterior surface.

Output: hamate

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: The_____ and the form the medial margin of the carpal groove.

Output: hamate

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: is concave from side to side and forms ______

Output: The anterior or palmar surface of the wrist the carpal sulcus

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: results from compression of the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel.

Output: Carpal tunnel syndrome

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: The anatomical snuffbox

Output: is an important clinical region.

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: Snuffbox

Output: scaphoid frax


Input: When the hand is in ulnar deviation,_____ becomes palpable within the snuffbox. This position enables the physician to palpate the bone to assess for a fracture. The ____ of the radial artery can also be felt in the snuffbox.

Output: the scaphoid pulse

A and P/ hand and wrist/ for exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

• Hand • Forearm • Arm • Shoulder girdle


Input: [2] The sum of all processes in an organisms that sustain the organism's life functions. [1]

Output: Metabolism

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] All the processes in an organism which use energy and simple chemicals to build larger chemicals and structure necessary for life. [1]

Output: Anabolism

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] All the processes in an organisms which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemicals. [1]

Output: Catabolism

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] The process where green plants (and some other organisms) use the sun's energy to produce their own food. [1]

Output: Photosynthesis

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Organisms that eat only plants. [1]

Output: Herbivores

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Organisms that eat only other organisms. [1]

Output: Carnivores

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Organisms that eat both plants an other organisms [1]

Output: Omnivores

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Organisms that produce their own food. [1]

Output: Producers

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food. [1]

Output: Consumers

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Organisms that break down dead remains of other organisms. [1]

Output: Decomposer

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Organisms that are able to make their own food. [1]

Output: Autotrophs

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food. [1]

Output: Heterotrophs

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Reproduction accomplished by a single organism. [1]

Output: Asexual Reproduction

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Reproduction that requires two organisms. [1]

Output: Sexual Reproduction

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] The process by which characteristics are passed down from parent to offspring. [1]

Output: Inheritance

Biology Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Biogeochemical cycles are maintained due to what law?

Output: matter and energy

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: The energy stored by the organisms in a particular trophic level is what percent of that stored by those in the level below it?

Output: 10 %

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: What is the difference between a carnivore and an herbivore? Be able to give examples of each

Output: Bob cat , coyote, snake , herbies are rabbit, deer , cow

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: • Define the term half-life-

Output: how long it takes for half of the isotope to decay

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: What was the first living thing on Earth?

Output: Prokaryote like cyanobacteria

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: • Current evidence supports that idea that eukaryotes evolved from what types of organisms?

Output: Prokaryotes through the process of endosymbiosis

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: Name the organelles that are believed to be symbiotic eubacteria.

Output: Mitochondria - Chloroplast

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: Gradualism

Output: slow steady change in the fossil record

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: Punctuated equilibrium

Output: long periods of no change followed by periods of rapid species formation

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: • Did Darwin discover evolution?

Output: no

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: What was Darwin’s main contribution to the idea of evolution?

Output: Discovered a mechanism to explain HOW species could change overtime

Law of conservation of matter and energy


Input: matter and energy

Output: Biogeochemical cycles are maintained due to what law?


Input: 10 %

Output: The energy stored by the organisms in a particular trophic level is what percent of that stored by those in the level below it?


Input: Bob cat , coyote, snake , herbies are rabbit, deer , cow

Output: What is the difference between a carnivore and an herbivore? Be able to give examples of each


Input: how long it takes for half of the isotope to decay

Output: • Define the term half-life-


Input: Prokaryote like cyanobacteria

Output: What was the first living thing on Earth?


Input: Prokaryotes through the process of endosymbiosis

Output: • Current evidence supports that idea that eukaryotes evolved from what types of organisms?


Input: Mitochondria - Chloroplast

Output: Name the organelles that are believed to be symbiotic eubacteria.


Input: slow steady change in the fossil record

Output: Gradualism


Input: long periods of no change followed by periods of rapid species formation

Output: Punctuated equilibrium


Input: no

Output: • Did Darwin discover evolution?


Input: Discovered a mechanism to explain HOW species could change overtime

Output: What was Darwin’s main contribution to the idea of evolution?


Input: Herbs that are taken to relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness. [Alteratives]

Output: Analgesics


Input: Able to neutralize excess acids in the stomach [Alteratives]

Output: Antacids


Input: Relieve symptoms of asthma. Some dilute the bronchioles while others help break up mucous. [Alteratives]

Output: Antiasthmatics


Input: Substances that inhibit the growth of, or destroy bacteria, viruses or amoebas. [Alteratives]

Output: Antibiotics


Input: Substances that eliminate or counteract the formation of mucuous.q [Alteratives]

Output: Anticatarrhals


Input: Cooling herbs used to reduce or prevent fevers. [Alteratives]

Output: Antipyretics


Input: Herbs that preven or relax muscle spasms. [Alteratives]

Output: Antispasmodics


Input: Substances used to improve sexual potency and power. [Alteratives]

Output: Aphrodisiacs


Input: Substances that have a constricting or binding effect. [Alteratives]

Output: Astringents


Input: Herbs and spices taken to relieve gas and griping (severe pain in the bowels) [Alteratives]

Output: Carminatives


Input: Removing toxins and acids from the blood by neutralizing with alkalines, stimulating vital organs, removing fat where toxins are contained and eliminating excess "heat" [Alteratives]

Output: Blood purification


Input: Suppository made by adding powdered herbs to cocoa butter, refrigerating then inserting into rectum to treat hemorrhoids or cysts or into the vagina to treat infections, tumors and irritations. [Alteratives]

Output: Bolus


Input: Substances used to promote the flow and discharge of bile into the small intestine. [Alteratives]

Output: Cholagogues


Input: Soothing substances, usually mucilage, taken internally to protect damaged or inflamed tissues. [Alteratives]

Output: Demulcents


Input: Herbs used to induce sweating. Include relaxing and stimulating diaphorectics [Alteratives]

Output: Diaphoretics


Input: Control of fluid balance p 14 [Alteratives]

Output: Diuresis


Input: Herbs that increase the flow of urine. [Alteratives]

Output: Diuretics


Input: Remedy inserted into vagina to treat infections. [Alteratives]

Output: Douche


Input: Herb mixed into an acceptable medium (honey, maple syrup, peanut butter, etc) to be palatable. It is mixed into a soft pasty mass and ingested. [Alteratives]

Output: Electuary


Input: Vomiting p. 16 [Alteratives]

Output: Emesis


Input: Substances that are softening, soothing and protective to the skin. [Alteratives]

Output: Emollients


Input: Herbal fluid inserted into rectum to treat nervous conditions and pain assoc. with excess blood toxins. p 22 [Alteratives]

Output: Enema


Input: Compress applied externally to treat swellings, pains, colds and flu. [Alteratives]

Output: Fomentation


Input: Filled with herbs that should be taken in small quantities, are bitter or mucilaginous or need to be taken regularly over a long period of time. Most common size is "00" [Alteratives]

Output: Gelatin capsule


Input: Herbal extracts rubbed into skin for treating strained muscles and ligaments. Also used for relief of arthritis and inflammation. [Alteratives]

Output: Liniment


Input: Reference the total sum of homeopathic preparations and prescribing options. [Alteratives]

Output: Materia medica


Input: Process of extracting the properties of herbs by boiling with sesame or olive oil and allowing to stand for two to three days. [Alteratives]

Output: Oil


Input: Substances that destroy parasites in the digestive tract or on the skin. [Alteratives]

Output: Parasiticides


Input: Mixture of herbs and mucilaginous herb powder made into a doughy consistency and rolled into pea sized balls. Useful for strict vegetarians who do not prefer gelatin capsules made from animal gelatin. [Alteratives]

Output: Pill


Input: Warm, moist mass of powdered or macerated herbs applied directly to the skin to relieve inflammation, blood poisoning, venomous bites and eruptions. Plaster is similar but the herbs are layered between thin pieces of linen or combined in a thick bas material and applied to skin. [Alteratives]

Output: Poultice and plaster


Input: Strongly aromatic smell [Alteratives]

Output: Pungent


Input: Laxatives. Substances that promote bowel movement. [Alteratives]

Output: Purgatives


Input: Eliminating excess secretions and toxins. [Alteratives]

Output: Purging


Input: Substances that increase the flow of blood at the surface of the skin and produce redness where they are applied. They draw inflammation and congestions from deeper areas. [Alteratives]

Output: Rubefacients


Input: Preparation that is applied to the skin and remains in place due to its thick consistency. [Alteratives]

Output: Salve


Input: Herbs that strongly quiet the nervous system. [Alteratives]

Output: Sedatives


Input: Substances that stimulate the flow of saliva and aid in the digestion of starches. [Alteratives]

Output: Sialogogues


Input: Non-nicotine herbs that are smoked in a pipe or water pipe for treatment of coughs and bronchial congestion [Alteratives]

Output: Smoking


Input: Herbs that increase the energy of the body, drive circulation, break up obstruction and warm the body. [Alteratives]

Output: Stimulants


Input: Tonics. Herbs that promote the functions of the systems of the body. [Alteratives]

Output: Stomachics


Input: Herbs mixed with honey or glycerin used in treating coughs and sore throats because it coats the area and keeps the herbs in direct contact. [Alteratives]

Output: Syrup


Input: Highly concentrated herbal extracts in an alcohol medium. [Alteratives]

Output: Tinctures


Input: Herbs that promote the functions of the systems of the body. [Alteratives]

Output: Tonics


Input: Herbs that can build up the energy of the organ systems. [Alteratives]

Output: Tonification


Input: Three types: demulcents, nervines and antispasmodics. Herbs and soothing foods that lubricate joints, bones, GI tract and smooth emotions. [Alteratives]

Output: Tranquilization


Input: Used to treat externally caused diseases such as cold, flu and fever. Two treatment methods - one with relaxing diaphoretic herbs and one with stimulating teas. [Alteratives]

Output: Sweating


Input: Herbs that encourage healing of wounds by promoting cell growth and repair. [Alteratives]

Output: Vulneraries


Input: Similar to tinctures except the herbs themselves are fermented to provide the alcoholic medium that preserves their therapeutic essence. [Alteratives]

Output: Wines


Input: Having physiological roots in the adrenal glands, yang in Chinese medicine represents hot-excess-acute disease. [Alteratives]

Output: Yang


Input: The opposite of yang, also having it's physiological roots in the adrenals, yin represents cold-deficient-chronic diseases. [Alteratives]

Output: Yin


Input: Substances that induce vomiting and cause the stomach to empty. [Alteratives]

Output: Emetics


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] cones

Output: Maria could not see color and had difficulty seeing in very bright light. She had difficulty seeing the fine details of objects. Maria most likely had damage to her ____.

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] differing in brightness

Output: If a person views three lights that differ only in amplitude, the person would perceive the lights as

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] optic chiasm

Output: Where does information from one eye cross over to the other side of the brain?

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] interposition

Output: When your psychology professor is speaking to your class, she can tell which students are sitting in the first, second, third, etc., row, in part because students in the closer rows obstruct his/her view of students in more distant rows. This illustrates the depth perception cue of

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] use binocular depth cues

Output: Michael had an operation on his right eye & has to wear an eye patch for 3 weeks. While wearing the eye patch, Michael will lose his ability to

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] A.

Output: Which BEST describes how we hear according to place theory? A. Different sound frequencies vibrate different portions of the basilar membrane, producing different pitches. B. Our perception of pitch corresponds to the rate or frequency at which the entire basilar membrane vibrates. C. We perceive the differences in pitch according to the number of hair cells that vibrate at any one time

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] sweet, sour, salty, bitter

Output: What are the 4 primary tastes?

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] smell

Output: The only sensory system that does NOT send information to the thalamus before it is sent to the cortex is

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] wavelength

Output: The major difference between a green light and a blue light is the

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] amplitude

Output: If a piano player softly taps a key and then hits the same key with a lot of force, the second note will sound louder because of a difference in the ____of the sound wave

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] constancy

Output: When we view cars parked on a distant parking lot, we know that the cars are not actually the size of toy cars because of perceptual

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] vestibular

Output: The ___________ sense has to do with our sense of balance.

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] negative reinforcement

Output: Adam leaves his soccer equipment in the middle of the kitchen floor. His mom wants him to learn to put it away so that he puts it away every time he gets home. Every time Adam cleans up his soccer stuff and puts it away, his mom stops nagging him. Soon, Adam puts his soccer things away when he gets home every time. This is an example of

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] cochlea

Output: The fluid-filled tunnel that contains the receptors for hearing is the

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] hair cells

Output: The auditory receptor cells are the

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] touch

Output: A variety of physical stimuli including mechanical, thermal, and chemical energy are the stimuli for the sense of

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] an unconditioned response

Output: An unlearned reaction to a stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning is

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] an unconditioned stimulus

Output: A previously neutral stimulus, that through conditioning acquires the capacity to evoke a response is

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] spontaneous recovery

Output: The reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction and a period of rest is called

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] stimulus generalization

Output: Warren’s cat has learned to purr and rub against him whenever the cat hears the sound of the can opener because Warren uses the can opener to give the cat her favorite canned food. Lately, Warren has noticed that his cat behaves the same way when Warren uses his blender. What is Warren’s cat demonstrating?

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] after a set number of nonreinforced responses

Output: In a fixed ratio schedule, the reinforcement is given

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] elapsed time

Output: When describing schedules of reinforcement, the key factor in interval schedules is

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] B – this is an example of taking away something unpleasant after the behavior. Punishment requires presenting something negative or taking away something pleasant/liked.

Output: Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment? a. Laughing at a classmate when he asks a “dumb question” in class b. Nagging a child until she picks up her toys c. Taking away a child’s TV privileges for one week for a bad report card d. Making a child sit in the corner for 10 minutes for back talk.

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] seeing another person's behavior and the reinforcement of his or her behavior

Output: Skinner believed that reinforcement was necessary for an operant behavior to be acquired. Observational learning, however, demonstrates that a behavior can also be acquired as a result of

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] retrieval

Output: The process of locating and recovering information from your memory store is

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] semantic encoding

Output: Which level of processing, according to Craik & Lockhart, should result in the longest lasting memory codes?

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] sensory

Output: What kind of memory preserves information in its original form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second?

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] episodic buffer

Output: The ___component of working memory serves as the interface between working and long-term memory.

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] C.

Output: A visit to your elementary classroom might help you remember more of the names of some of your elementary classmates because you are a. using the serial position effect b. relying on a flashbulb memory c. in the same context as you were when you learned them d. relying on schemas to enhance the retrieval process

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] misinformation effect

Output: When an individual’s memory for an event is altered by the later introduction of inaccurate or misleading information, it is referred to as the

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] recall

Output: An essay exam is most similar to the ____ method of measuring retention

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] retroactive interferance

Output: If forgetting occurs because newly learned information impairs the memory of previously learned information it is referred to as

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] encoding specificity

Output: The principle that proposes that the values of a retrieval cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory code is known as

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] retrograde amnesia

Output: A person has a head injury, and as a result, loses his memory of events that happened before the injury. This is an example of

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] procedural memory

Output: Your memory of how to do something, such as how to shoot a free throw in basketball, is contained in your

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] episodic memory

Output: Your memory for personal facts and events consisting of memories of things you did and when you did them is contained in

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [rod cells; cone cells] hippocampus

Output: Which area of the brain is associated with the consolidation of long-term memories

General Psych Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _____, while daylight and acute vision depend mainly on _____.


Input: [evolution of plants] roots

Output: for below-ground processes plant structure that anchors the plant in the soil, absorbs and transports minerals and water, and stores food

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] shoots and leaves

Output: for above-ground processes the stem and leaves of a plant

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] lignin

Output: a chemical that hardens cell walls keeps stem hard and makes it stand up

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] vascular tissue

Output: system of tube-shaped cells that branch throughout the plant two types of tissues specialized for transport: 1. xylem 2. phloem

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] xylem

Output: transports water from roots to leaves -consists of dead cells with tubular cavities

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] phloem

Output: consists of living cells that distribute sugar from leaves to roots and other nonphotosynthetic parts of plant

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] reproductive adaptations and gametangia

Output: 1. a reproductive organ that houses and protects the gametes of a plant without rehydrating 2. sperm carried by wind or animals 3. fertilization and development within female parent 4. offspring (seeds) dispersed by wind or animals

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] 4 major periods of plant evolution

Output: 1. nonvascular plants--bryophytes 2. vascular, seedless plants--ferns 3. seed-producing plants--gymnosperms 4. flowering plants--angiosperms

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] bryophytes

Output: mosses, lacks vascular tissue, only in moist habitats lacks lignin, grow as "mats" reproduction still tied to water

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] ferns

Output: seedless, first vascular plants reproduction also tied to water -in tropical climates

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] gymnosperms

Output: colder, drier conditions set the stage for evolution of seed first seed producing plants conifers, tallest largest organisms

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] seed

Output: 1. embryo 2. food supply 3. protective covering

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] angiosperms

Output: flowering plants w/ 250,000 species flowers are modified leaves

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] anatomy of the flower

Output: 1. sepals 2. petals 3. stamen 4. carpel

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] sepals

Output: at the bottom of the flower, usually green -enclose flower before it opens (green wrapping on rose bud)

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] petals

Output: above sepals, usually the showiest part of flower and attracts insects and other pollinators

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] stamens

Output: each consists of a stalk (the filament) bearing a sac called an anther, in which pollen grains develop

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] carpel

Output: consists of a stalk--the style--with an ovary at the base and a sticky tip known as the stigma, which traps pollen ovary--protective changer containing one or more ovules, in which the eggs develop

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] fungi

Output: eukaryotes--mostly multicellular, heterotrophic that obtain nutrition by absorption --mushrooms, mold, yeasts

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] absorptive nutrition

Output: 1. enzymes digest food outside body 2. digested food absorbed into body --fungi are important as decomposers -some are parasites

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: [evolution of plants] fungal structure/anatomy

Output: hyphae--minute threads of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane mycelium--feeding network of the fungus reproductive structure containing spores

plants: multicellular, photoautotrophic eukaryotes --terrestrial organisms that evolved from green algae ancestor --plants evolved adaptations for life on land


Input: Mismer believed that many mental diseases developed from

Output: obstruction of animal magnetism

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Charcot used hypnosis for the purpose of

Output: distinguishing between convulsions caused by hysteria and those caused by epilepsy

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Psychiatric hospitals began as shelters and prisons for

Output: the homeless, the poor, the insane.

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The most widely used psychological test is the

Output: MMPI

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The MMPI is able to provide __________ based on data collected on eight clinical scales.

Output: a profile

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The MMPI works by matching a respondent’s answers to

Output: answers of people with known characteristics

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The TAT has been used in many different kinds of testing situations including

Output: assessment of achievement.

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: A collection of symptoms that occur together make up

Output: a syndrome.

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: You take an assessment test one week, and then you are asked to take it again a month later. This is likely an example of testing

Output: test-retest reliability

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) was approved by

Output: the American Psychiatric Association.

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The DSM-IV

Output: is the most current version of the DSM.

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: How many axes does the DSM’s multiaxial system contain?

Output: 5

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: While general clinical syndromes are diagnosed on Axis I, medical disorders are diagnosed on

Output: Axis III

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: While general clinical syndromes are diagnosed on Axis I, Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation are diagnosed on

Output: Axis II

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: While general clinical syndromes are diagnosed on Axis I, Psychosocial and Environmental Factors are diagnosed on

Output: Axis IV

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: While general clinical syndromes are diagnosed on Axis I, Global Assessment of Functioning are diagnosed on

Output: Axis V

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: In order to conduct a true experiment, you must meet two conditions:

Output: Random assignment of subjects to conditions and manipulation of at least one variable

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: An example of a comparative study is

Output: a correlational study

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: If two variables are said to be negatively correlated, as one variable

Output: increase, the other decreases

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Freud’s version of psychodynamic theory is called

Output: psychoanalysis

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The multimodal therapy is the combination of

Output: cognitive and behavioral approaches.

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: A benefit of cognitive behavioral therapy is that it

Output: is short term, is usually inexpensive, is usually effective at treating a number of disorders and seems to be based on science.

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: A difference between psychodynamic therapies and cognitive and behavioral therapies is

Output: cognitive and behavioral therapies look at the environment as well as the individual, whereas psychodynamic therapies do not.

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The biological model assumes that biology is relevant to __________ of abnormality.

Output: the causes, the symptoms, the treatment, and the understanding

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Which model of abnormality conceives of abnormality as an illness?

Output: Biological

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: In attempting to explain the etiology of abnormal behavior, biological theorists seek to answer two questions:

Output: What caused the brain malfunction and what is the nature of the brain malfunction?

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Psychotropic medications have largely replaced

Output: psychosurgery

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: A therapist who proposes that drugs can treat abnormality is working within the __________ model.

Output: biological

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Current biomedical research suggests that there may be genetic predispositions

Output: to some mental disorders and to normal personality

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The neurotransmitter most associated with Parkinson’s disease is

Output: dopamine

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Which neurotransmitter tends to increase the frequency of release during stressful situations?

Output: dopamine and norepinephrine

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The central nervous system contains

Output: brain, spinal cord, and brain stem

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Stress plays a role in both psychological and __________ disorders.

Output: physiological

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Anxiety disorders are said to occur when

Output: the experienced fear and anxiety prevent normal functioning.

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Behavior associated with fear is established through

Output: classical and instrumental conditioning

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Very intense fear is phobic only if

Output: the actual danger is slight

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Phobias are not

Output: socially acceptable

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Many clinicians believe that phobias develop as a result of

Output: classical conditioning

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: One of the best indicators of how successful modeling will be is how

Output: successful the client expects to be at doing what the model does.

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The common process underlying most effective treatments for phobia is

Output: extinction

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Social phobia is best treated with which type of medication?

Output: antidepressants

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Which are typical aspects of post-traumatic stress disorder?

Output: Anxiety and arousal not present prior to the trauma, Numbness to the world, and Reliving the trauma

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Panic attacks typically last for several

Output: minutes

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Compared to panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) tends to be

Output: somewhat more prevalent

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: What are the hallmarks of the obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Output: unwelcome and distressing. intrude on compulsions. arise from within the person. are very difficult to control.

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Disorders that are characterized by a loss of physical functioning as a result of psychological conflict, not as a result of physical disorder, are called

Output: somatoform disorders

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: A conversion disorder is best described as occurring when

Output: psychological stress is turned into physical symptoms.

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Complicated medical histories without any physical basis characterize

Output: somatization disorder

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: The most common somatoform disorder today is

Output: pain disorder (psychalgia).

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Which of the following is characterized by complaints of pain in one or more areas of the body, causing marked distress or impairment of functioning?

Output: Pain disorder (psychalgia)

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: An individual goes to see a therapist with a fear of contracting a serious disease. Even though there is no good reason for believing that the individual actually has the disease, it is likely that the therapist will look toward a diagnosis of

Output: hypochondriasis

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: physical ailments stemming from psychological problems

Output: somatoform disorders

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: the idea that treatment can and should consist of techniques from many different theoretical perspectives, without the clinician necessarily adopting the theoretical basis for those techniques

Output: technical eclecticism

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: a drug which acts on the sympathetic nervous system, producing effects such as increased heart rate and blood pressure

Output: dopamine

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: an important part of the biochemistry of depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety. It is also believed to be influential on sexuality and appetite.

Output: seratonin

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: a drowsiness-inducing hormone secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness or low light levels

Output: melatonin

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: released from the adrenal glands as a hormone into the blood, but it is also a neurotransmitter in the nervous system where it is released from noradrenergic neurons during synaptic transmission.

Output: norepinephrine

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Which of the following is not true about hypochondriasis?

Output: The symptoms are intentionally produced, or feigned.

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Malingering is characterized primarily by

Output: the individual’s having voluntary control over her symptoms and occurring in order to get some obvious goal.

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Factitious disorders are

Output: characterized by voluntarily produced symptoms

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Dissociative in dissociative disorders refers to the splitting of

Output: memory

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: When one feels detachment from oneself, as if looking on oneself from outside one’s body, one is likely suffering from

Output: depersonalization

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: A fugue state in amnesia refers to

Output: travel away from home

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Janet was brought to see her physician by her husband. He reported that ever since a catastrophic fire in their home, Janet has complained of feeling as though she is only observing herself moving through life, not actually living it. On the basis of this information, the physician tentatively diagnoses

Output: depersonalization

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Retrograde amnesia is to post-traumatic amnesia as

Output: before is to after

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: Dissociative amnesia often occurs to people who are experiencing

Output: family, marital, or career stress

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

physical disorders could have psychological causes.


Input: In dissociative identity disorder, __________ almost always exists in some form.

Output: amnesia

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physical disorders could have psychological causes.