Input: What kind of leaves show reticulate vennation?

Output: Dicots

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Describe the leaf development in the leaf primordium?

Output: The leaf primordium will grow like a horn shape and at some point cells on the opposite sides will grow out and form the lamina

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Describe how in monocots the apical meristem is protected?

Output: When the leaf primordium is going, there will be a trickle down effect that causes cells around the leaf primordium to also grow. There will be a tubular part around the growing leaf called the sheathing leaf base.

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What part of the plant helps to tell the perception of up or down?

Output: The statoliths, these are dense in the cell and will sink to the bottom

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What protects the root apical meristem?

Output: The root cap

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the two root systems?

Output: Fibrous and Taproot

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [has been today has been long!] has begun he has begun his training for the navy

Output: what the past particple of to begin


Input: [has been today has been long!] has brougth i have bought a new car the other day

Output: wat is the past particple of to bring


Input: [has been today has been long!] has burst he has burst the bubble

Output: wat is the past particple of to burst


Input: [has been today has been long!] has chosen he has chosen a new answer

Output: wat is the past particple of to choose


Input: [has been today has been long!] has drank he has drank the whole thing

Output: wat is the past particple of to drink


Input: [has been today has been long!] has driven he has driven to the beach alot

Output: wat is the past p of to drive


Input: [has been today has been long!] has eaten he has eaten the whole box of cookies

Output: wat is the past partiple of to eat


Input: [has been today has been long!] has fallen he has fallen off the ladder

Output: wat is the p.p. to fall


Input: [has been today has been long!] has come he has come tbere before

Output: wat is the pp of to come


Input: [has been today has been long!] has frozen the river has frozen

Output: wat is the pp of to freeze


Input: [has been today has been long!] has gotten he has gotten a f on his papper

Output: wat is the pp of to get


Input: [has been today has been long!] has given he has given away his car

Output: what is the pp to give


Input: [has been today has been long!] has gone she has gone to the mall

Output: wat is the pp togo


Input: [has been today has been long!] has had she has had the flu before

Output: wat is the pp to have


Input: [has been today has been long!] has known she has known him for awhile

Output: wat is the pp of to know


Input: [has been today has been long!] has laid she has laid there forever

Output: wat is the pp of to lay


Input: [has been today has been long!] has led i have led a protest before

Output: wat is the pp of to lead


Input: [has been today has been long!] has lain he has lain there forever

Output: wat is the pp of to lie


Input: [has been today has been long!] has felt i have felt the water

Output: wat is the pp of to feel


Input: They must be alive They are parenchyma They have only primary walls

Output: What are some characteristics of the sieve elements?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: These are merely the enlargement of plasmodesmata

Output: How are sieve pores made?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: These are clusters of sieve pores

Output: What are sieve areas?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sieve cells-albumionous STM- Companion cells

Output: What is the nurse cell for sieve tubes and sieve cells?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Angiosperms-STM Nonangiosperms- SC

Output: What sieve element is in angiosperms and what is in nonangiosperms?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In the ectoplasm

Output: Where are the dictyosomes, mitochondira and organelles held in sieve elements?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Callose and P-Protein

Output: What two substances help if plant is to rupture?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Localized growth (arimetric growth)

Output: What type of growth is in the apical meristem?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chances for alot of mutation Slow growth It can differentiate fully once that cell divides

Output: What are some of the consequences of having arithmetic growth?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Less mutations Won't have fully differentiated cells in this growth Can have rapid cell growth

Output: What are the consequences of geometric growth?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: This is due to decreasing the risk of transpiration. In a warm environment, the leaf is usually warmer than the air and due to convection the air rises and water can leave. The humid layer on the bottom, prevents water from being lost.

Output: Explain why the stoma is usually located on the lower epidermis

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The epidermis is a parenchyma The outer walls are lined with cutin which make it impermeable to water The wax is also there, work with cutin, to resist digestive enzymes and provide defense against pathogens

Output: Give some characteristics of the epidermis?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: This is located in the palisade parenchyma where they are not touching each other.

Output: Where is the largest surface area in the plant?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: They make sure the

Output: What is the benifit of the palisade parenchmya?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The spongy mesophyl is good because it prevents the palisade parencyma from reaching the lower epidermis, this is good because there is less chance CO2 will go back out the stoma.

Output: What is the purpose of the spongy mesophyl in leaves?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Monocots

Output: What kind of leaves show a parallel venation?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dicots

Output: What kind of leaves show reticulate vennation?


Input: The leaf primordium will grow like a horn shape and at some point cells on the opposite sides will grow out and form the lamina

Output: Describe the leaf development in the leaf primordium?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When the leaf primordium is going, there will be a trickle down effect that causes cells around the leaf primordium to also grow. There will be a tubular part around the growing leaf called the sheathing leaf base.

Output: Describe how in monocots the apical meristem is protected?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The statoliths, these are dense in the cell and will sink to the bottom

Output: What part of the plant helps to tell the perception of up or down?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The root cap

Output: What protects the root apical meristem?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Fibrous and Taproot

Output: What are the two root systems?

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Gerontology] Aging

Output: refers to the changes that take place in the organism throughout the life span

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Social Gerontology

Output: the area of gerontology that is concerned with the impact of social et sociocultural conditions of the process of aging et with the social consequences of this process.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Geriatrics

Output: focuses on how to prevent or manage the diseases of aging.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Importance of Gerontology pt 1

Output: the study of aging as a mormal developmental process over the life span. It gives insight into our own interpersonal relationships, self-esteem competence et meaningful activities as we grow older.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Importance of Gerontology pt 2

Output: it also helps with the comprehension of the aging process of our own parents, grandparents, clients, patients et friends.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Importance of Gerontology pt 3

Output: it is also important to recognize that change and growth take place throughout the life course et that the concerns of older people are not distinct from those of the young, but represent a continuation of earlier life periods.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Importance of Gerontology pt 4

Output: understanding can help improve our effectiveness in communicating with relatives, friends or professionals. Such knowledge can help change any assumptions of stereotypes we may hold about behavior appropriate to various ages.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Environmental Press pt 1

Output: is defined as the demands that social et physical environments make on the individual to adapt, respond or change.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Environmental Press pt 2

Output: little environmental press is available or present in an institutional setting et the individual is not responsible for any self care (i.e. personal grooming et housekeeping tasks). Few resources are available to stimulate the senses et challenge the mind. Few visitors (personal contacts) also decrease environmental press.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Environmental Press pt 3

Output: When environmental press is slightly above the level an individual need to adapt, an individual performs at their best. (i.e. when an older adult is sharing a living environment in a multigenerational home, the older adult plays a pivitol role in the home).

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Environmental Press pt 4

Output: If the environmental press demands are too high, the individual experiences stess overload.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Chronological Aging

Output: aging on the basis of a person's years from birth.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Biological et Functional Aging

Output: Biological aging are the physical changes that decrease the efficiency of organ systems (i.e. heart, lungs, et circulatory system). Functional aging is the decrease in efficiency of functional abilities of the organ systems et physical activity levels.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Psychological Aging

Output: changes that occur in sensory et perceptual processes, mental functioning (memory, learning et intelligence) adaptive capacity et personality.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Sociological Aging

Output: Changes in an individual's roles et relationships with time.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Competence Model

Output: one useful way to view the dynamic interactions between the person's physical et psychological characteristics et the social et physical environment.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Individual Competence

Output: defined by Lawton et Nahemow (1973) as the theoretical upper limit of an individual's abilities to function in the areas of health, social behavior et cognition.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Person Environment Perspective

Output: that the environment is not a static backdrop but changes continually as the older person takes from it what he or she needs, controls what can be manipulated et adjusts to conditions that cannot be changed.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Active Aging

Output: defined by the World Health Organization as 'the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation et security in order to enhance quality of life as people age' (WHO 2002).

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Cohort

Output: used to describe groups of people who were born at approximately the same time and therefore share many common experiences.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Senescence

Output: changes that occur after age 30 that reflect normal declines in all organ systems. Happens gradually throughout the body reducing the viability of different bodily systems et increasing their vulnerability to disease.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Age Graded

Output: every society is age graded; it assigns different roles, expectations, opportunities, status et constraints to people of different ages.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Geronticide or Senicide

Output: the death of old persons as practiced in some ancient cultures.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Filial Piety

Output: a sense of reverence et deference to elders that encourages care for one's aging family members.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Modernization Theory

Output: advances in technology, applied sciences, urbanization et literacy which in this context are related to a decline in status of older people.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Ageism

Output: attitudes, beliefs et conceptions of the nature et characteristics of older persons that are prejudicial, distorting their actual characteristics, abilities, etc.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Life Expectancy

Output: estimated based on environmental conditions (i.e. disease et healthcare)

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Maximum Life Span

Output: the number of years a given species could expect to live if environmental hazards were eliminated.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Oldest Old

Output: Age 85+; percentage alive in 2000-12%. Projected in 2050 to be 23% of the population.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Old Old

Output: 75-84 years of age. 35% of the population in 2000; projected in 2050 to be 33% of the population.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Young Old

Output: 65-74 years of age. 53% of the population in 2000; projected to be 44% of the population in the year 2050.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Baby Boomers

Output: Born between 1946 & 1964.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Determinants of Active Aging

Output: Health et Social Svcs; economic & social determinants; physical environment; personal et behavioral determinants.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Birth Cohort

Output: persons born with in the same 10 year period.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Centenarian

Output: 100 years of age or older.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Myths, Stereotypes et Misconceptions Concerning Aging pt 1

Output: all old people are alike; older people are in poor health; they are inflexible et resistant to change; no longer interested in or capable of sexual intimacy.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Myths, Stereotypes et Misconceptions Concerning Aging pt 2

Output: Retirement is a period of crisis et adjustment; retirement undermines the physical health of the retiree et ofter leads to death; is highly disruptive of family relations since it supposedly alters the balance of power et divison of labor btwn husband et wives.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Myths, Stereotypes et Misconceptions Concerning Aging pt 3

Output: Retirement plunges people into poverty because it is often accompanied by a 50% decline in income; retirees are denied a normal role in the community and are forced into geriatric ghettos.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Sources of Misconceptions pt 1

Output: younger adults overestimate the problems of older people; mass media tends to focus on the less fortunate cases among older adults.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Sources of Misconceptions pt 2

Output: Detached observers (political advocates) attempt to carefully describe how people think, feel et act. Moreover, they periodically offer solutions to problems confronted by a particular group of people--often exaggerated to further their cause.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Biofeedback

Output: Information the biological organism directs to the brain.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Life Span

Output: Refers to the maximum number of years homo sapiens can survive.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Cohabitation

Output: Living together without being married.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Demographic Turnover

Output: everyday a large number of person enter the 65 age group et a large number over 65 die.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [Gerontology] Cultural Lag

Output: the considerable time it may take for various elements of a culture to catch up to a change in another part of the culture.

Excelsior-Foundations of Gerontology Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of biological, psychological et social aspects of aging.


Input: [1] Fidelity [2]

Output: refers to the agreement to keep promises. A commitment to fidelity supports the reluctance to abandon clients, even when disagreement occurs about decisions that a client makes.


Input: [1] Justice [2]

Output: refers to fairness. Health care providers agree to strive for justice in health care. The term often is used in discussions about health care resources.


Input: [1] Veracity [2]

Output: truthfulness is the bedrock of trust; and trust is an essential component of the professional nurse-client relationship.


Input: [1] Non-maleficence [2]

Output: is the avoidance of harm or hurt. In health care, ethical practice involves not only the will to do good, but also the equal commitment to do no harm.


Input: [1] Beneficence [2]

Output: refers to taking positive actions to help others. The practice of beneficence encourages the urge to do good for others.


Input: [1] Autonomy [2]

Output: refers to the commitment to include clients in decisions about all aspects of care. For example, the consent that clients read and sign before surgery illustrates this respect for autonomy.


Input: [1] This model is consequence and/or situation based. [2]

Output: Utilitarianism


Input: [1] The following applies to which ethical model: A good act is one that brings the most good and the least harm for the greatest number of people. [2]

Output: Utilitarianism


Input: [1] Actions are judged by usefulness or outcomes, is based on which ethical model? [2]

Output: Utilitarianism


Input: [1] What ethical model is being referred to with the following statement: One acts for a reason (to get certain results) [2]

Output: Teleology


Input: [1] Outcomes excuse processes & The end justifies the means refer to which ethical model? [2]

Output: Teleology


Input: [1] What is the ethical model described by the following statement: Emphasize individual right, duties, and obligations. [2]

Output: Deontological


Input: [1] What is the ethical model described by the following statement: A system of ethical decision making that is based on moral rules and unchanging principles. [2]

Output: Deontological


Input: [1] What is the ethical model described by the following statement: The rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon the nature of the act, rather than the consequences that occur as a result of it. [2]

Output: Deontological


Input: [1] A set of personal beliefs derived from life experiences, interwoven with each other define this word. [2]

Output: Values


Input: [1] __________ is the study of conduct and character. [2]

Output: Ethics


Input: [1] Step 1 of the ethical decision making process [2]

Output: Collect, analyze, and interpret the data


Input: [1] Step 2 of the ethical decision making process [2]

Output: State the dilemma


Input: [1] Step 3 of the ethical decision making process [2]

Output: Consider the choices of action


Input: [1] Step 4 of the ethical decision making process [2]

Output: Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each course of action


Input: [1] Step 5 of the ethical decision making process [2]

Output: Make the decision


Input: honey colored crusted lesion [bacterial infections]

Output: impetigo

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: small pustules at hair follicle [bacterial infections]

Output: folliculitis

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: painful tender red area around hair drain pus and necrotic debris on rupture [bacterial infections]

Output: furuncle

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: multiple connecting furuncles [bacterial infections]

Output: carbuncle

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: red hot tender edema chills maliase fever [bacterial infections]

Output: cellulitus

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: superficial cellulitus [bacterial infections]

Output: erysipelas

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: HSV h zoster verruca vulgaris plantar warts [bacterial infections]

Output: viral infection

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: linear distribution [bacterial infections]

Output: H zoster

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: flesh colored papule limited to epidermis [bacterial infections]

Output: verruca vulgaris

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: candidasis tinea corporis - cruris -pedis -onychomycosis [bacterial infections]

Output: fungal infection

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ringworm [bacterial infections]

Output: corporis

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: athletes foot [bacterial infections]

Output: pedis

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: jock itch [bacterial infections]

Output: cruris

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: toenails [bacterial infections]

Output: onychomycosis

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: acne moles psoriasis seborrheic keratoses skin tags lipoma lentigo [bacterial infections]

Output: benign skin lesion

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: silver scaly plaque [bacterial infections]

Output: psoriasis

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: deeply pigmented rough warty surface [bacterial infections]

Output: seborrheic keratoses

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tumor adipose tissue [bacterial infections]

Output: lipoma

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: liver spots [bacterial infections]

Output: lentigo

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tissue destroyed by burning [bacterial infections]

Output: electrodesiccation and electrocoagulation

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: removal and scooping away of tissue using scooping technique [bacterial infections]

Output: curettage

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: extreme cold applied to skin to induce tissue destruction -expect pain, red blister will form but will flatten and fall off [bacterial infections]

Output: cryosurgery

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: controlled removal of a cutaneous malignance tissue removed thin layers minimize scars [bacterial infections]

Output: mohrs'

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -prescribed therapies like dressing and meds -monitor skin changes -reinforce Rn teaching [bacterial infections]

Output: LPN skin care

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: assist bath -apply wet dressing or add med to bath -report change skin appearance [bacterial infections]

Output: NAP Skin care delegation

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: either provide protection to underlying structure or reconstruction of area [bacterial infections]

Output: skin graph

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: transfer graft to needed site from a donor site -autograft- pt own body -isograft- identical twin [bacterial infections]

Output: free graft

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: move section of skin and subQ tissue from one part of the body to another without ending vascular attachment [bacterial infections]

Output: skin flap

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -wet to dry partially healed only slight necrotic tissue -irrigation - burn pts remove cell debri and excess drainage -hydrotherapy - burn pts not in clean granulated wound [bacterial infections]

Output: mechanical debridement

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: reserved for burns or extremely deep or L ulcers [bacterial infections]

Output: surgical debridement

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: asymmetry border color or changing diameter < than 6mm elevated or evolving [bacterial infections]

Output: abcde of moles

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: fair skin type history sun exposure family history exposure to tar and systemic arsenicals [bacterial infections]

Output: risk factor for skin cancer

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: premalignant form of squamous cell carcinoma -affects nearly all older white population -looks ir shap flat slightly red papule indistinct borders hard [bacterial infections]

Output: actinic keratosis

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: most common -cure rate greated 90 with treatment and if caught early [bacterial infections]

Output: basal cell carcinoma

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -sun exposed skin -very aggressive -potential metastasize -early detection cure rate high -smoking contribute to scc on mouth and lips [bacterial infections]

Output: squamous cell carcinoma

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: surgery [bacterial infections]

Output: initial treatment melanoma

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: definitive test for diagnosing skin lesions [bacterial infections]

Output: tissue biopsy

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: resurfacing defect like a burn scar -remove a disfigured mark like tattoo -prelimiary step in breast reconstruction [bacterial infections]

Output: soft tissue expansion

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when skin oozing from inf or inflammation -to relieve itching -suppress inflammation -debride a wound [bacterial infections]

Output: wet dressing used

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cradle cap -chronic recurring inflammatory response [bacterial infections]

Output: seborrheic dermatitis

skin disorder ch 24 lewis Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is present. long bones form and grow by this process. fractures heal by this process.

Output: endochondral (intercartilaginous) bone formation

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: first site where ossification occurs. middle of diaphysis.

Output: primary center of ossification

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cuff of periosteal bone that forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model in developing long bones.

Output: periosteal collar

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: vascular connective tissue from the periosteum growing through apertures in the periosteal bone collar into the cartilage matrix of the primary center of ossification.

Output: periosteal bud

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.

Output: hypertrophy

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: process in which calcium salts build up in soft tissue, causing it to harden.

Output: calcification

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts. It is synonymous with bone tissue formation.

Output: ossification

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: production of bone.

Output: osteogenesis

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: has a core of calcified cartilage that is covered by a layer of new bone.

Output: mixed spicule

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat).

Output: diaphysis

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: wider portion of a long bone adjacent to the epiphyseal plate. It is this part of the bone that grows during childhood; as it grows, it ossifies near the diaphysis and the epiphyses.

Output: metaphysis

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s)

Output: epiphysis

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents;

Output: epiphyseal plate

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: another name for epiphyseal plate

Output: growth plate

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals.

Output: growth hormone

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: growth hormone produced naturally in animals

Output: somatoropin

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Extreme shortness in humans with proportional body parts usually has a hormonal cause

Output: pituitary dwarfism

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. In humans, this condition is caused by over-production of growth hormone in childhood before the long bone epiphyses

Output: gigantism

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH) after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty.

Output: acromegaly

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: form of thyroid hormones, is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.

Output: thyroxine

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Output: osteoclast-stimulating hormone

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells of thyroid. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Output: calcitonin

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: (also called C cells) are cells in the thyroid that produce and secrete calcitonin.

Output: parafollicular cells

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: another name for parafollicular cells

Output: C cells

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood

Output: parathyroid hormone

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: small endocrine glands in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone. control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.

Output: parathyroid gland

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: softening of bones in children due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, magnesium,[1] phosphorus or calcium,[2] potentially leading to fractures and deformity.

Output: rickets

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization secondary to inadequate amounts of available phosphorus and calcium, or because of overactive resorption of calcium from the bone as a result of hyperparathyroidism. called rickets in children

Output: osteomalacia

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture.

Output: osteoporosis

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: literally "stone bone", also known as marble bone disease and Albers-Schonberg disease is an extremely rare inherited disorder whereby the bones harden, becoming denser

Output: osteopetrosis

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans.

Output: scurvy

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: synthesized by humans in the skin when it is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays from sunlight.maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. aids in the absorption of calcium, helping to form and maintain strong bones.

Output: vitamin D3

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: hormonally active form of vitamin D with three hydroxyl groups. It increases the level of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood by (1) increasing the uptake of calcium from the gut into the blood, (2) decreasing the transfer of calcium from blood to the urine by the kidney, and (3) increasing the release of calcium into the blood from bone

Output: 1,25-dihydroxycholecaclciferol

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any of several types of bone articulation permitting free motion in a joint, as that of the shoulder or hip.

Output: diarthroses

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A form of articulation in which the bones are rigidly joined by fibrous tissue.

Output: synarthroses

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: means fusion of two bones, it can be normal in puberty, fusion of the epifyse, or abnormal (type of dysostosis).

Output: synostosis

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cartilaginous joint where the connecting medium is hyaline cartilage. e.g. where rib meets sternum.

Output: synchondrosis

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: slightly movable articulation where the contiguous bony surfaces are united by an interosseous ligament

Output: syndesmosis

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints

Output: synovial fluids

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is FUCOSE] why is fucose important

Output: important in brain development and immune system recognition also important in the development of certain cancers

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is the NOTCH system

Output: signaling system that is highly conserved and is used for cellular differentiation

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is the SELECTIN system?

Output: Selectin system is used for white blood cell migration into tissues

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what oligosaccharides contain Fucose that we are concerned with?

Output: Selectin Notch

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is the function of SELECTIN

Output: Selectin is a protein (a lectin) in white blood cells that recognizes fucose-containing oligosaccharides on the surface of endothelial cells that line our blood vessels

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what does selectin allow white blood cells to do?

Output: It allows WBCs to stick and then enter various tissues in our body

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is the process of plaque formation?

Output: Tethering > Rolling > Adhesion > Extravasation

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is the best known roll of NOTCH signaling?

Output: Nerve cell development

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what does the notch system require for nerve cell development?

Output: FUCOSE

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What are some examples of cancers that have an overexpression of Notch signaling?

Output: T-cell acute l;ymphoblastic leukemia Cervical cancer Basal cell carcinoma Small-cell lung carcinoma Breast cancer Prostate cancer Neuroblastoma

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What foods do we get FUCOSE from?

Output: MUSHROOMS

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] True or False FUCOSE is the antigenic monosaccharide in blood group glycolipids

Output: False it is not the antigenic monosaccharide but its an important component of these antigens

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What types of antibodies are produced by a monosaccharide with terminal galactose and fucose?

Output: Antibodies against A and B antigens are produced

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What type of antibodies are produces by a monosaccharide with terminal fucose and N-acetylgalactosamine?

Output: antibodies against B antigens are produced

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is Ceramide?

Output: a sphingolipid that has a sphingosine backbone and one fatty acid that anchors the carbohydrate for the blood group antigens in the RBC membrane

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] Where is Galactose synthesized?

Output: Galactose is synthesized in the Mammary Gland

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] How is Lactose synthesized in the mammary gland?

Output: UDP-glucose-4-epimerase is used to convert Glucose > Galactose Lactose synthase is then used to produce Lactose

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what controls the enzyme lactose synthase?

Output: Prolactin through alpha-lactalbumin

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what does a gene defect in UDP-galactose-4-epimerase cause?

Output: Type III galactosemia this is a rare event

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what accounts for >80% of mammary gland glucose uptake?

Output: Lactose synthase

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is the enzyme lactose synthase composed of?

Output: 2 proteins Galactosyl transferase Alpha-lactalbumin

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is a key regulatory component of lactose synthase enzyme?

Output: Alpha-lactalbumin

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what stimulates milk production?

Output: Prolactin

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What inhibits milk production?

Output: Progesterone

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What is the most abundant protein in milk?

Output: Alpha-lactalbumin

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] why is lactose concentration in homo sapiens milk higher than in any other mammal?

Output: they think it is for Good Brain Development

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] why does human milk contain different kinds of oligosaccharides?

Output: Human milk is 7% lactose 55-70 g/L milk High lactose is for good brain development other oligosaccharides in milk infants canNOT digest > used to feed gut bacteria

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is the most abundant oligosaccharide present in milk?

Output: FUCOSE

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is Bifidobacteria

Output: has a transporter that produces UDP-Glc posses a unique fructose-6-phosphate phosphketolase pathway employed to ferment carbohydrates

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is the composition of Human milk?

Output: 5 monosaccharides 1. D-glucose 2. D-galactose 3. N-acetylglucosamine 4. L-fucose 5. Sialic acid

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what are the functions of oligosaccharides found in human milk?

Output: Digestion resistance Pre-biotic stimulation of GI microbiota Decoy receptors-toxins Pathogens

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is Sialic acid?

Output: N-acetylneuraminic acid is a monosaccharide derivative that is formed each day in large amounts

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What is Sialic acid used for?

Output: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine > CMP-Sialic acid Uses CTP to activate Sialic acid to form glucosidic bonds

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] Why is Sialic acid important?

Output: is the usual attachment point for bacterial toxins and viruses Many tumor cells have altered the Sialic acid content of their membranes and this is thought to be involved in the spread of tumor cells

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What are some of the biological functions of Sialic acid?

Output: Cell adhesion Cell signaling Glycoprotein stability Bacterial virulence Tumor metastasis

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What is the medical importance of Sailic acid?

Output: Influenza inhibitor Marker for some cancers

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What pathway is used to form amino sugars?

Output: Glutamine is always used to put an amino group into a monosaccharide to form an amino sugar

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] where does Nitrogen group come from in an amino sugar?

Output: GLUTAMINE the pathway is called the Hexosamine Pathway which forms all amino sugars

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What is glucuronic acid?

Output: Glucose is used to form glucoronic acid in the liver. Sugar acid monosaccharide derivative

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] how is Glucuronic acid formed?

Output: Formed from Glucose Glucose > Glucose-6-Phosphate > Glucose-1-Phosphate > UDP-Glucuronic acid > D-Glucuronic acid-1-phosphate > D Glucuronic acid

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] why is Glucuronic acid important?

Output: UDP-glucuronic acid is used to synthesize oligosaccharides/polysaccharides that contain glucuronic acid -used for detoxification

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is Glucuronic acid an important component of?

Output: Important component of GAGs 1. GlcUA: beta-D-Glucuronic acid 2. IdoUA: alpha-L-iduronic acid 3. Gal: beta-D-galactose 4. GaINAc: beta-D-N-acetylgalactosamine 5. GlcNac: alpha-D-N-acetylglucosamine

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What acid do we use to get rid of bilirubin, steroids, drugs, and xenobiotics?

Output: Glucuronic acid

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What is the pentose phosphate pathway?

Output: off shoot of glycolysis pathway Glucose-6-Phosphate > Ribulose-5-Phosphate

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] where is the pentose phosphate pathway found?

Output: in cytoplasm of all cells

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What are the end products of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Output: There are three different end products that are produced depending on the need of the body: 1. NADPH 2. Ribose 3. ATP

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] What is the rate-limiting and commitment step of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Output: generation of NADPH this is the first step in the PPP

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what points in the PPP can we move back into glycolysis?

Output: Glucose-6-Phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate Glyceraldehyde-3-phoshpate

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is used to determine how much glucose-6-phosphate is sent through the PPP?

Output: The activity of G-6-P dehydrogenase is used to determine this

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] how much glucose-6-phosphate typically gets sent through the PPP?

Output: ~30% of glucose-6-phosphate goes through the PPP

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what is the role of NADPH generated by the pentose phosphate pathway?

Output: Anabolic pathways: Fatty acid synthesis Cholesterol synthesis Fatty acid chain elongation Reduction of equivalents of P450 hydroxylation of aromatic compounds, alcohols, steroids, drugs

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] what cells have the highest concentration of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?

Output: Phagocytic cells NADPH oxidase uses NADPH to convert molecular oxygen into superoxides > generates ROS > kill phagocytized microorganisms (bacteria)

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [What is FUCOSE] True or False WBCs have a higher level of Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase than RBC

Output: True

Other Aspects of Carbohydrate metabolism Learning Objectives Flashcards - Cram.com

Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose Most anitgenic glycoproteins and glycolipids contain fucose


Input: [Operating liabilities] Financing liabilities

Output: Include short term debt and current portion of long term liabilities. Result from fiancing decisions and indicate future need for cash or refinancing

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] Shift from operating to financing liabilities

Output: A shift from operating to financing sources may indicate the beginning of a liquidity crisis, and the inability to repay short term credit is a sign of financial distress

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] Bonds are listed at what value?

Output: Bonds are always listed as liabilities based on the proceeds received from the bonds which are the PV of all future payments

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] Bonds sold at premium (balance sheet)

Output: Market rate > coupon rate Will always be shown on balance sheet as premium. Premium will be amortized to zero during life of bond

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] Bonds sold at discount (balance sheet)

Output: Mkt rat < Coupon rate Will always be shown on balance sheet as discount. Discount will be amortized towards zero during life of the bond

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] Interest expense

Output: Always equal to book value of bonds at beginning of period, multiplied by market rate

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] Cash flow impacts of issuing bonds

Output: Coupon represents cash flow component as is deducted from CFO. For analytical purposes, int. exp. and amortization should be seperated and amortization should be included in CFF.

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] CF impact premium bonds

Output: CFO understated, CFF overstated

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] CF impact discount bonds

Output: CFO overstated, CFF understated becasue cash coupon is lower than interest expense

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] Issuance of Zero coupon debt

Output: Same impacts as coupon debt, but more exaggerated. CFO will be severly overstated

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] Convertable bonds

Output: reported as if no conversion feature. For analytical purposes, treat as equity if stock price is considerably above conversion price

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: [Operating liabilities] Changes in interest rates

Output: Result in changes of mkt value of debt but not reflected on financial statements. With variable rate debt, interest rate changes will change interest expense which will in turn, change NI.

Financing Liabilities CFA Level 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

results of credit granted to the company by suppliers. Also included, advances from customers. THey are consequences of operating decisions and arise in normal course of business


Input: A subset of e-commerce where all the participants are organizations. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Business-to-Business(B2B) e-commerce


Input: A form of e-commerce in which customers deal directly with an organization and avoid intermediaries. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Business to Business(B2C) e-commerce


Input: A subset of e-commerce that involves consumers selling directly to other consumers. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Consumer-to-Consumer(C2C) e-commerce


Input: The use of information and communications technology to simplify the sharing of information, speed formerly paper-based processors, and improve the relationship between citizen and government. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: E-Government


Input: The direct sale from business to consumer through electronic storefronts, typically designed around an electronic catalog and shopping cart model. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Electronic Retailing(e-tailing)


Input: A single web site that offers many products and services at one Internet location. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Cybermall


Input: An electronic forum where manufacturers, suppliers, and competitors buy and sell goods, trade market information, and run back-office operations. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Electronic Exchange


Input: The identification of specific markets to target them with advertising techniques. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Market Segmentation


Input: Occurs when a firm obtains detailed information about a customers behavior, preferences, needs, and buying patterns and uses that information to set prices, negotiate terms, tailor promotions, add product features, and otherwise customize its entire relationship with that customer. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Technology-Enables Relationship Management


Input: A method of billing whereby a vendor posts an image of your statement on the internet and alerts you by e-mail that your bill has arrived. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Electronic Bill Presentment


Input: Tools used to develop a Web site, including HTML or visual web page editor, software development kits, and web page upload support. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Web Site Development Tools


Input: Software that uses Web editors and extensions to produce both static and dynamic web pages. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Web Page Construction


Input: Web pages that always contain the same information [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Static Web Pages


Input: Web pages containing variable information that are built to respond to a specific web visitors request. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Dynamic Web Pages


Input: Software modules supporting specific business processes that users can interact with over a network on an as-need basis. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Web Services


Input: An attachment to an email message or data embedded in a web site that verifies the identity of a sender or web site. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Digital Certificate


Input: A trusted third party organization or company that issues digital certificates. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Certificate Authority(CA)


Input: A communications protocol is used to secure sensitive data during e-commerce. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Secure Sockets Layer(SSL)


Input: An amount of money that is computerized, stored, and used as cash for e-commerce transactions. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Electronic Cash


Input: A credit card sized device with an embedded microchip to provide electronic memory and processing capability. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Smart Card


Input: A system central to the organization that ensures information can be shared across all business functions and all levels of management to support the running and managing of a business. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Enterprise System


Input: A form of data processing where business transactions are accumulated over a period of time and prepared for processing as a single unit or batch [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Batch Processing System


Input: A form of data processing where each transaction is processed immediately, without the delay of accumulating transactions into a batch. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Online Transaction Processing(OLTP)


Input: The process of data collection, data editing, data correlation, data manipulation, data storage, and document production. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Transaction Processing Cycle


Input: Capturing and gathering all data necessary to complete the processing of transactions. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Data Collection


Input: The process of checking data for validity and completeness. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Data Editing


Input: The process of reentering data that was not typed or scanned properly. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Data Correction


Input: The process of performing calculations and other data transformations related to business transactions. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Data Manipulation


Input: The process of updating one or more databases with new transactions. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Data Storage


Input: The process of generating output records and reports. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Document Production


Input: A formal plan describing the actions that must be taken to restore computer operations and services in the event of a disaster. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Disaster Recovery Plan(DRP)


Input: A check of a firms TPS systems to prevent accounting irregularities and/or loss of data privacy. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Transaction Processing System Audit


Input: The most efficient and effective ways to complete a business process. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Best Practices


Input: A system that helps a company manage all aspects of customer encounters, including marketing and advertising, sales, customer service after the sale, and programs to retain loyal customers. [Electronic Commerce]

Output: Customer Relationship Management(CRM) System


Input: [2] Amiable Sandy was very amiable and we quickly became friends. [1]

Output: Friendly

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Auspicious. It is auspicious to be pretty. [1]

Output: Favorable

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] compromise My parents and I compromised by both giving up and hour. [1]

Output: An agreement where each side gives up something

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] condescended. Micheal condescended to each poop. [1]

Output: To agree to do something you believe is beneath your dignity

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] contemptuous. micheal was contemptuous about eating poop. [1]

Output: To feel something is beneath you.

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] covey. Jacob and his covey of werewolves. [1]

Output: a group

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] cunning. Marco is cunning. [1]

Output: attractive or cute

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] diminutive I am diminutive with my friends [1]

Output: smaller than ordinary

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] discernible [1]

Output: understandable

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] dispensation [1]

Output: release from a promise or religion

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] entailment [1]

Output: A legal situation regarding the use of inherited property

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] erratic [1]

Output: IRREGULAR

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gravely [1]

Output: seriously

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] indigenous I am indigenous to Peru [1]

Output: belonging to a particular region; native

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] melancholy [1]

Output: sad and gloomy

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] onslaught [1]

Output: a violent attack

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] persevere [1]

Output: to carry on in spite of difficulties

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] seceded [1]

Output: to break away

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] vexations [1]

Output: something that causes annoyance

To kill a Mockingbird vocab chapters 2-4 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [External data] Link

Output: A join-line between two tables

Information imported from another source


Input: [External data] Relational database

Output: A collection of data that uses separate tables to store different aspects of information.

Information imported from another source


Input: [External data] Primary key

Output: A field that uniquely indentifies each record in a table

Information imported from another source


Input: [External data] Foreign key

Output: The primary key of a table placed in another table. it is used to create relationships

Information imported from another source


Input: [External data] One-to-many relationship

Output: In access where records are listed only once in a primay table and appear multiple times in a related table

Information imported from another source


Input: [External data] primary table

Output: A priamary table is one half of a relationship. it is like a master list of record. each record is uniquel indentified by a primary key and each record appears only once.

Information imported from another source


Input: [External data] many-to-many relationship

Output: in access when relationships are created between three tables. the junction from the other two tables in this type of relationships

Information imported from another source


Input: [External data] junction table

Output: A present in a many-to-many relationship and can contain one or more records from the other two tables in this type of relationships

Information imported from another source


Input: [External data] Referential integrity

Output: A set of rules that ensure data validity between related tables

Information imported from another source


Input: [External data] secondary table

Output: The other half of a relationship. it contains the primary key from a primary table and the records from the primay table can appear in it multiple times.

Information imported from another source


Input: [External data] join line

Output: now relates the primary key of the account types table to the foreign key of the account table

Information imported from another source


Input: endochondral (intercartilaginous) bone formation

Output: process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is present. long bones form and grow by this process. fractures heal by this process.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: primary center of ossification

Output: first site where ossification occurs. middle of diaphysis.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: periosteal collar

Output: cuff of periosteal bone that forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model in developing long bones.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: periosteal bud

Output: vascular connective tissue from the periosteum growing through apertures in the periosteal bone collar into the cartilage matrix of the primary center of ossification.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: hypertrophy

Output: the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: calcification

Output: process in which calcium salts build up in soft tissue, causing it to harden.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: ossification

Output: process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts. It is synonymous with bone tissue formation.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: osteogenesis

Output: production of bone.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: mixed spicule

Output: has a core of calcified cartilage that is covered by a layer of new bone.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: diaphysis

Output: main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat).


Input: metaphysis

Output: wider portion of a long bone adjacent to the epiphyseal plate. It is this part of the bone that grows during childhood; as it grows, it ossifies near the diaphysis and the epiphyses.


Input: epiphysis

Output: rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s)


Input: epiphyseal plate

Output: a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents;

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: growth plate

Output: another name for epiphyseal plate

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: growth hormone

Output: peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: somatoropin

Output: growth hormone produced naturally in animals


Input: pituitary dwarfism

Output: Extreme shortness in humans with proportional body parts usually has a hormonal cause

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: gigantism

Output: condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. In humans, this condition is caused by over-production of growth hormone in childhood before the long bone epiphyses


Input: acromegaly

Output: syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH) after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty.


Input: thyroxine

Output: form of thyroid hormones, is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.


Input: osteoclast-stimulating hormone

Output: parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: calcitonin

Output: linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells of thyroid. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH).


Input: parafollicular cells

Output: (also called C cells) are cells in the thyroid that produce and secrete calcitonin.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: C cells

Output: another name for parafollicular cells

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: parathyroid hormone

Output: secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: parathyroid gland

Output: small endocrine glands in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone. control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: rickets

Output: softening of bones in children due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, magnesium,[1] phosphorus or calcium,[2] potentially leading to fractures and deformity.


Input: osteomalacia

Output: softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization secondary to inadequate amounts of available phosphorus and calcium, or because of overactive resorption of calcium from the bone as a result of hyperparathyroidism. called rickets in children

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: osteoporosis

Output: disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: osteopetrosis

Output: literally "stone bone", also known as marble bone disease and Albers-Schonberg disease is an extremely rare inherited disorder whereby the bones harden, becoming denser

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: scurvy

Output: disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans.


Input: vitamin D3

Output: synthesized by humans in the skin when it is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays from sunlight.maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. aids in the absorption of calcium, helping to form and maintain strong bones.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Output: hormonally active form of vitamin D with three hydroxyl groups. It increases the level of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood by (1) increasing the uptake of calcium from the gut into the blood, (2) decreasing the transfer of calcium from blood to the urine by the kidney, and (3) increasing the release of calcium into the blood from bone


Input: diarthroses

Output: Any of several types of bone articulation permitting free motion in a joint, as that of the shoulder or hip.


Input: synarthroses

Output: A form of articulation in which the bones are rigidly joined by fibrous tissue.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: synostosis

Output: means fusion of two bones, it can be normal in puberty, fusion of the epifyse, or abnormal (type of dysostosis).


Input: synchondrosis

Output: cartilaginous joint where the connecting medium is hyaline cartilage. e.g. where rib meets sternum.

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: syndesmosis

Output: slightly movable articulation where the contiguous bony surfaces are united by an interosseous ligament


Input: synovial fluids

Output: viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints

Bone Formation and Growth Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

process by which bone tissue is created. cartilage is not present.


Input: [malignant tumor] metastsis

Output: process of tumor spreading

genetics chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com

one that infiltrates nearby tissue sends parts of itself into blood strem or lymphatic vessels - seed new tumors


Input: [malignant tumor] percent of cancer cases that are inherited as single gene disorder

Output: about 10 percent

genetics chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com

one that infiltrates nearby tissue sends parts of itself into blood strem or lymphatic vessels - seed new tumors


Input: [malignant tumor] mutations in cancer causing genes typically occur in

Output: a few somatic cells

genetics chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com

one that infiltrates nearby tissue sends parts of itself into blood strem or lymphatic vessels - seed new tumors


Input: [malignant tumor] increases the risk of cancer

Output: SUM OF COMBINATIONS OF PARTICULAR GENE VARIANTS

genetics chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com

one that infiltrates nearby tissue sends parts of itself into blood strem or lymphatic vessels - seed new tumors


Input: [malignant tumor] changes at -- level fuel disease process

Output: gene expression

genetics chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com

one that infiltrates nearby tissue sends parts of itself into blood strem or lymphatic vessels - seed new tumors


Input: [malignant tumor] these agents cause cancer by interfering with the precise genetic controls of cell division

Output: viruses chemicals and radiation

genetics chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com

one that infiltrates nearby tissue sends parts of itself into blood strem or lymphatic vessels - seed new tumors


Input: [malignant tumor] most substances that are carcinogens are also

Output: mutagens

genetics chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com

one that infiltrates nearby tissue sends parts of itself into blood strem or lymphatic vessels - seed new tumors


Input: [malignant tumor] oncogenes

Output: causes cancer when inappropriately activated

genetics chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com

one that infiltrates nearby tissue sends parts of itself into blood strem or lymphatic vessels - seed new tumors


Input: [malignant tumor] tumor suppressor genes

Output: can cause cancer when deleted or inactivated

genetics chapter 18 Flashcards - Cram.com

one that infiltrates nearby tissue sends parts of itself into blood strem or lymphatic vessels - seed new tumors


Input: functions like a visual calculator [Microsoft Excel]

Output: electronic spreadsheet or worksheet

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: consists of a grid of columns and rows [Microsoft Excel]

Output: worksheet

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: labeled with letters and runs vertically [Microsoft Excel]

Output: columns

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: labeled with numbers and runs horizontally [Microsoft Excel]

Output: rows

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: contains one or more worksheets, each represented by a taba at the bottom of the Excel window [Microsoft Excel]

Output: workbook

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: rectangle formed by the intersection of a column and row [Microsoft Excel]

Output: worksheet cell

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cell you can currently edit or modify (marked with a black outline) [Microsoft Excel]

Output: active cell

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: series of cells: when specifying a range, use a colon to separate the first and last cells [Microsoft Excel]

Output: range

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: any text entered into a cell (title) [Microsoft Excel]

Output: label

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: number that you intend to use in a calculation [Microsoft Excel]

Output: value

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: used to enter the same number into multiple cells [Microsoft Excel]

Output: drag and fill

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: specifies how to add, subtract, multiply, divide or otherwise calculate the values in the worksheet cells [Microsoft Excel]

Output: formula

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: column and row location of a cell [Microsoft Excel]

Output: cell reference

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: indicates the selected cell [Microsoft Excel]

Output: marquee

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: predefined formula such as payments and net present value [Microsoft Excel]

Output: function

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: formula that references the cell in which the formula resides [Microsoft Excel]

Output: circular reference

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: consists of balues or cell references used to calculate the result of the function [Microsoft Excel]

Output: argument

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: used to quickly create a function to calculate the totalof a column or row of cells [Microsoft Excel]

Output: autosum

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 10 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [premature death] costs of premature death

Output: 1-the deceased's future earnings are lost forever 2- additional expenses are incurred (funeral expenses, uninsured medical bills, estate settlement costs) 3-some families will experience a reduction in their standard of living 4-noneconomic costs (grief, counseling)

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] different types of families

Output: single-person single-parent family two income earners with children traditional family blended family sandwiched family

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] approaches used to estimate the amount of life insurance to own

Output: 1-human life value approach 2-the needs approach 3-the capital retention approach

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] human life value approach

Output: the amount needed depends on the insured's human life value, which is the present value of the family's share of the deceased breadwinner's future earnings

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] calculating human life value approach

Output: step 1-estimate the individual's average annual earnings over his or her productive lifetime step 2-deduct taxes, insurance premiums, and self-maintenance costs (remaining amount is used to support the family) step 3-using a reasonable discount rate, determine the present value of the family's share of earnings for the number of years until retirement

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] needs approach

Output: the amount needed depends on the financial needs that must be met if the family head should die

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] family needs to consider

Output: -an estate clearance fund -income needed for the readjustment period -the dependency period -life income to the surviving spouse, including income during and after the blackout period -special needs(funds for college educations, emergencies)

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] estate clearance fund

Output: cash needed for burial expenses, uninsured medical bills, and taxes

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] readjustment period

Output: a 1-2 year period in which the family adjusts to its new living standard

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] dependency period

Output: the period until the youngest child reaches age 18 *follows the readjustment period

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] blackout period

Output: the period from the time that Social Security survivor benefits terminate to the time the benefits are resumed

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] calculating the needs approach

Output: total amount needed -total amount of existing insurance and financial assets =amount of new insurance that should be purchased

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] capital retention approach

Output: preserves the capital needed to provide income to the family(income-producing assets are preserved for the heirs)

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] calculating the capital retention approach

Output: step 1-prepare a personal balance sheet step 2-determine the amount of income-producing capital step 3-determine the amount of additional capital needed to meet the family needs

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] types of life insurance

Output: 1-term insurance 2-cash value life insurance 3-variations of both types

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] term life

Output: provide temporary protection

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] convertible

Output: the policy can be exchanged for a cash-value policy without evidence of insurability -through the attained-age method or the original-age method

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] attained-age method

Output: the premium charged for the new policy is based on the insured's attained age at the time of conversion

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] original-age method

Output: the premium charged for the new policy is based on the insured's original age when the term insurance was first purchased

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] yearly-renewable term insurance

Output: issued for a one-year period

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] term to age 65 policy

Output: provides protection to age 65, at which time the policy expires -can be converted to a permanent plan but decision to convert must be exercised before age 65

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] decreasing term insurance policy

Output: the face value gradually declines each year

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] reentry term insurance policy

Output: renewal premiums are based on select lower mortality rates if the insured can periodically demonstrate acceptable evidence of insurability

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off


Input: [premature death] return of premiums term

Output: the premiums are refunded if the policyowner outlives the term of the policy

Risk Managment-Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

the death of a family head with outstanding unfulfilled financial obligations *such as dependents to support, children to educate, mortgage to pay off