Input: intracellular digestion occurs in the (think lyse) [simple squamous]

Output: lysosomes (think lyse: lyse = breakdown; digestion/breakdown)

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Input: peroxisomes are the site for [simple squamous]

Output: detoxing substances

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Input: in peroxisomes, this most important enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide [simple squamous]

Output: catalase

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Input: microtubules: microfilaments: [simple squamous]

Output: -give cell shape and support -involved in muscle contraction and intracellular movement

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Input: centrioles [simple squamous]

Output: organize microtubule during mitosis to form spindle and base of cilia/flagella

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Input: this cell part forms the spindle during mitosis and is the base of cilia/flagella [simple squamous]

Output: centrioles

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Input: cilia: flagella: microvilli: [simple squamous]

Output: -move in unison, propel substances -propel the cell -increase surface area for absorption

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Input: nucleoli [simple squamous]

Output: site of ribosome subunit manufacture

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Input: the cell site of ribosomal manufacture is [simple squamous]

Output: the nucleoli

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Input: granular, threadlike material in cells that contains DNA and proteins [simple squamous]

Output: chromatin

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Input: the chromatin in a cell contains [simple squamous]

Output: DNA material and proteins

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Input: this cell material separates the nucleoplasm from cytoplasm and regulates substance passage to/from nucleus [simple squamous]

Output: nuclear envelope

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Input: the nuclear envelope is a material that [simple squamous]

Output: separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm and regulates substance passage to/from nucleus

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Input: the cell's plasma membrane acts as/in [simple squamous]

Output: an external barrier, transports substances in and out of cell, contains outward-facing proteins acting as receptors in cell-to-cell recognition

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Input: this cell part acts as an external barrier, transports substances in and out of cell, and contains outward-facing proteins acting as receptors in cell-to-cell recognition [simple squamous]

Output: plasma membrane

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Input: this cellular fluid containing cytosol rests between nuclear and plasma membranes [simple squamous]

Output: cytoplasm

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Input: this cell substance contains the organelles, dissolved solutes and inclusions (nutriends, pigment, etc) [simple squamous]

Output: cytoplasm

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Input: the cell cytoplasm is [simple squamous]

Output: a cellular fluid consisting of cytosol, containing organelles, solutes and inclusions that divides nuclear and plasma membranes

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Input: all five epidermal layers are found in this type of skin [simple squamous]

Output: thick skin

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Input: only four layers are found in this type of skin [simple squamous]

Output: thin skin

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Input: thick skin can be found where? [simple squamous]

Output: on the palms and soles of feet

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Input: thin skin can be found where? [simple squamous]

Output: everywhere except palms and soles of feet

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Input: what are the two types of skin where the four or five layers of epidermis can be found? [simple squamous]

Output: thin and thick

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Input: [First Line of Defense] Second Line of Defense

Output: Inflammatory response Caused by a variety of materials Infection, mechanical damage, ischemia, nutrient deprivation, temperature extremes, radiation, etc. Local manifestations Inflammatory response Vascular response Blood vessel dilation, increased vascular permeability and leakage, white blood cell adherence to the inner walls of the vessels and migration through the vessels

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Inflammation

Output: Goals Limit and control the inflammatory process Prevent and limit infection and further damage Initiate adaptive immune response Initiate healing

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Cellular Mediators of Inflammation

Output: Cellular components Granulocytes, platelets, monocytes, and lymphocytes Cell surface receptors Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) Toll-like receptors Complement receptors Scavenger receptors

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Mast Cells

Output: Cellular bags of granules located in the loose connective tissues close to blood vessels Skin, digestive lining, and respiratory tract

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Mast Cells Activation

Output: Activation Physical injury, chemical agents, immunologic processes, and toll-like receptors Chemical release in two ways Degranulation and synthesis of lipid-derived chemical mediators

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Mast Cells Degranulation

Output: Histamine Vasoactive amine that causes temporary, rapid constriction of the large blood vessels and the dilation of the postcapillary venules Retraction of endothelial cells lining the capillaries Receptors H1 receptor (proinflammatory) H2 receptor (anti-inflammatory) Chemotactic factors Neutrophil chemotactic factor Attracts neutrophils Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) Attracts eosinophils

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Histamine

Output: Receptors H1 receptor Proinflammatory Present in smooth muscle cells of the bronchi H2 receptor Anti-inflammatory Present on parietal cells of the stomach mucosa Induces the secretion of gastric acid

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Mast Cell Synthesis of Mediators

Output: Leukotrienes Product of arachidonic acid from mast cell membranes Similar effects to histamine in later stages Prostaglandins Similar effects to leukotrienes; they also induce pain Platelet-activating factor Similar effect to leukotrienes and platelet activation

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Mononuclear Phagocyte System

Output: Located in strategic places throughout Microglia Alveolar macrophages LUNGS Kupffer cells LIVER Kidney mesangial cells KIDNEY Histiocytes LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE Lymph nodes LYMPH

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] 2e line of defense = Inflamatory

Output: NOn specific; no specific cells/ antibodies. Can be cut or bacteria. Does not have a memory Stereo typic; reaction same every time again Cascade effect; Has to be completed step 1 - 5

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] 4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Output: redness heat swelling Pain

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Inflammation Response

Output: -Blood vessel dilation Increased permeability + leakage WBC move to outside rim of bloodvessel and attracht certain cells to area

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] 1st to arrive in inflammatory system

Output: Neutrophills, granular WBC Predominant Phagocytes. Arrives within 6 - 12 hrs The neutrofill is short lived, becomes component of purulent exudate. Removed through epitheliam or lymphatic system

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Complement factor that initiates Neutrophils

Output: C3a and C5a

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Ulcerative colitis is ?

Output: Ulcerative colitis is not transmural. It involves the mucosa layer and in some cases the submucosa. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by continuous lesions in the distal colon and the rectum.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] T-helper cells are also known as

Output: There are two types of helper cells both of which are CD 4+. T helper cells 1 are increased or overactive in delayed hypersensitivity reaction and produce chemical mediators that stimulate T killer cells. T helper 2 cells are overactive in allergies. T helper 2 stimulates production of Ig E's. CD 8+ cells are T cytotoxic cells (killer) and T suppressor cells.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] The HLA genes are located on chromosome./?

Output: The HLA genes are located on chromosome 6. The MHC region is divided in Class 1 and Class 2 HLA genes. HLA A, B, and C are class one MHC proteins. HLA D proteins are class 2. HLA A, B, and C are found on all nucleated cells in the body. HLA D on B cells, macrophages and memory cells.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Class 1 MHC proteins present to CD........

Output: Class 1 MHC proteins present to CD8+ cells

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] CD4 cells must be presented an antigen with a class .........

Output: CD4 cells must be presented an antigen with a class 2 MHC protein.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Crohn's disease is characterized by

Output: Crohn's disease is characterized by discontinuous or skip lesions. One of the ways to make a differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease is to look for discontinuous lesion in the ileocecal area Crohn's disease is transmural. It spreads thru lymph tissue and across the entire wall of the intestine and it can spread to other organs. This causes the formation of fistulas

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Ig ???????? is small in size and crosses the placenta to confer passive acquired immunity to the fetus and the newborn.

Output: Ig G is small in size and crosses the placenta to confer passive acquired immunity to the fetus and the newborn.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Ig ??????? is the first antibody to increase in an immune challenge

Output: Ig M is the first antibody to increase in an immune challenge

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] IgE + Eosinifills fight off parasites

Output: IgE + Eosinifills fight off parasites

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Ig ???????? is the secretory antibody. It is found bound to mucosa cells and in secretions such as tears, saliva and G.I. fluids. It is a dimer and also contains a secretory piece.

Output: Ig A is the secretory antibody. It is found bound to mucosa cells and in secretions such as tears, saliva and G.I. fluids. It is a dimer and also contains a secretory piece.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] There are only two types of light chains Kappa and lambda. There are five classes of antibodies and five different Heavy chains which are class specific.

Output: There are only two types of light chains Kappa and lambda. There are five classes of antibodies and five different Heavy chains which are class specific.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] HLA B27 is associated with increased incidences of Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis True. A large number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease have the HLA marker known as B27. It is seen in larger numbers than in these patients than in the general population.

Output: HLA B27 is associated with increased incidences of Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis True. A large number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease have the HLA marker known as B27. It is seen in larger numbers than in these patients than in the general population.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Type two hypersensitivity reactions are also known as tissue specific reactions. True These are also known as cytotoxic reactions and are directed against mainly red blood cells. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia's , Rh incompatibilities, Autoimmune Graves Disease and myasthenia gravis are type 2 reactions.

Output: Type two hypersensitivity reactions are also known as tissue specific reactions. True These are also known as cytotoxic reactions and are directed against mainly red blood cells. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia's , Rh incompatibilities, Autoimmune Graves Disease and myasthenia gravis are type 2 reactions.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Addison's disease is a type ??????? reaction.

Output: Addison's disease is a type III reaction and is a type of hypoaldosteronism.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Xanthine derivatives such as theophylline are classified as phosphodiesterase inhibitors. True.

Output: They work by blocking the enzyme phosphodiesterase which is used to break down c- AMP. If the enzyme is blocked than c- AMP levels increase and bronchial smooth mucle will relax.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Poison ivy is an example of a Type ?????????

Output: Poison ivy is an example of a Type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction. It is mediated by T killer cells not antibodies.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Ig M is a pentamer. True/ False

Output: It is composed of five basic antibody units joined together. It is the largest in molecular size and the first antibody to increase during an immune challenge.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] The inflammatory reaction is sterotypic and has no memory.

Output: The Immune system system has memory cells and is specific.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Ig ?????_ and _??????_ can bind complement.

Output: Ig G_ and _M_ can bind complement.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Complement factors are a series of 9 - 11 plasma proteins that belong to the _???????? globulin fraction.

Output: Complement factors are a series of 9 - 11 plasma proteins that belong to the _Beta_ globulin fraction.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] C3b and C5b are complement factors that act as ??????

Output: C3b and C5b are complement factors that act as opsonins

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] The mediator of the immediate (first 30 min.) permeability changes in inflammation is _??????????__.

Output: The mediator of the immediate (first 30 min.) permeability changes in inflammation is _Histamine__.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] In type one diabetes mellitus there is an over activity in the T helper cell ???????

Output: In type one diabetes mellitus there is an over activity in the T helper cell one..

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Microglia, Langerhan cells, and Kupffer cells are _ ???????

Output: Microglia, Langerhan cells, and Kupffer cells are _ macrophages

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] The part of an antigen that is recognized as being foreign is called the _??????

Output: The part of an antigen that is recognized as being foreign is called the _epitope

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] The major antigen processing cell is a _???????? ___.

Output: The major antigen processing cell is a _macrophage ___.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Degranulation of _????? cells is the process by which Type I immediate hypersensitivity are mediated. These cells have Fc receptors for the Ig 0_?????? class.

Output: Degranulation of _Mast_ cells is the process by which Type I immediate hypersensitivity are mediated. These cells have Fc receptors for the Ig _E class.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Isohemagglutinins such as anti - a and anti- b belong to the Ig. _???????__ class

Output: Isohemagglutinins such as anti - a and anti- b belong to the Ig. _M__ class

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] . In asthma the expiratory phase of ventilation is prolonged and more difficult

Output: . In asthma the expiratory phase of ventilation is prolonged and more difficult

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Epinephrine is classified as a sympathoMIMIC and it is (nonselective ).

Output: Epinephrine is classified as a sympathoMIMIC and it is (nonselective).

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Alupent is classified as a ?????

Output: Alupent is classified as a noncatacholamine Beta two selective adrenergic bronchiodilator.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] diapedisis

Output: Movement of White blood cells out of a blood vessel is called diapedisis and is an active process.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Myasthenia gravis is a Typ??????_ reaction that is caused by an anti ACH receptor antibodies.

Output: Myasthenia gravis is a Type II__ reaction that is caused by an anti ACH receptor antibodies.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Graves disease is a Type ?????_ reaction that results in hyperthyroidism due to production of an antibody called a long acting thyroid stimulators

Output: Graves disease is a Type II_ reaction that results in hyperthyroidism due to production of an antibody called a long acting thyroid stimulators

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Serum sickness is a Type ?????? reaction which is caused by exposure to antibodies formed in response drugs make in non human hosts .

Output: Serum sickness is a Type III_ reaction which is caused by exposure to antibodies formed in response drugs make in non human hosts .

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus is a type _?????? immune complex reaction

Output: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a type _III_immune complex reaction

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Type I diabetes mellitus is a type ???? delayed hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by _T killer cells .

Output: Type I diabetes mellitus is a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by _T killer cells .

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] SLE can cause damage to ??????????

Output: SLE can cause damage to brain, liver, kidney, heart, and joints

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Standard treatment for Crohn's disease includes ?????

Output: Standard treatment for Crohn's disease includes corticosteroids, antibiotics and aminosalicylates. Also Infliximab which is a monoclonal antibody and cytotoxic drugs such as azathioprine.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] A string intestine seen on an x-ray usually indicates _ ??????

Output: A string intestine seen on an x-ray usually indicates _ Crohn's disease.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Granulomatous lesions are common in _??????

Output: Granulomatous lesions are common in _Crohn's disease

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Toxic megacolon is more common in Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease

Output: Toxic megacolon is more common in Ulcerative colitis

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Discuss molecular mimicry.

Output: Discuss molecular mimicry. A self antigen is attacked by an ab against a foreign antigen which looks very similar to structure to the self antigen. It is usually a post infectious complication where the self antigen and the foreign antigen are so similar in epitope regions that the antibody can not tell them apart

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Acute pancreatitis is most commonly caused by ???????

Output: Acute pancreatitis is most commonly caused by alcoholism and other biliary diseases_.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Fat necrosis in Acute Pancreatitis is caused by increased activation of the enzyme ?????

Output: serum lipase

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] . Inactivation of surfactant in the lung is due to increased levels of

Output: serum phospholipase

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Adult respiratory distress syndrome ARDS is some times associated with

Output: Acute Pancreatitis

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Type I insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is highly correlated with HLA _???? and????? __

Output: Type I insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is highly correlated with HLA _Dr3_ and Dr4__

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] What class of drugs used to treat asthma prevent mast cells degranulation?

Output: Cromolyn sodium

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] Discuss theories on how autoimmunity may develop.

Output: Exposure of a sequestered antigen- a previously hidden self antigen enters the blood stream and the immune system response against it., formation of a neoantigen - a self antigen is mutated due to disease or cancer and it is treated as nonself, escape of a forbidden clone - a clone against self is not destroyed during development and it becomes active against the self antigen, and molecular mimicry (a.k.a postinfectious complications) a foreign antigen looks like a self antigen and an antibody or T cell reacts against the self antigen as if it were the foreign antigen. . Also some type of thymus problems which leads to an imbalance between T helper cells and/or T suppressor cells

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [First Line of Defense] In Type I diabetes mellitus a Type IV reaction occurs first and this leads to a type II tissue specific disorder. True/Fals

Output: True. The first damage to occur is due to molecular mimicry and involves T killer cells. After damage by T killer cells some membrane proteins are exposed (exposure of a previously sequestered antigen ) and the B cells become activated and produce antibodies against the previouly hidden proteins. This is the part that is a type two reaction.

Pathophysiology Dr Pat USM 2e exam Flashcards - Cram.com

Physical and mechanical barriers Skin Linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts Sloughing off of cells Coughing and sneezing Flushing Vomiting Mucus and cilia Biochemical barriers Synthesized and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, and mucus Antimicrobial peptides Normal bacterial flora


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] World as hierarchy

Output: 1. supreme deity 2. lesser deities 3. nature spirits 4. ancestor spirits

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] supreme deity

Output: -after creation of universe, deity became disgusted with imperfections of humans, so it removed itself from any association wit-h human world not a lot of images of this deity

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] lesser deities

Output: - each represent some aspect of that supreme deity(fierce and angry, maternal, etc.) - not extremely involved in lives of human beings, but are very involved in sacrifices

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] nature spirits

Output: -jungle and rainforest topography -lots of animals and lots of rain -all of these factors majorly impact lives of people -intimately involved in lives of people, people feel that they really need to keep these spirits happy

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] God of Thunder

Output: Shango=God of Thunder

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] group in region of Africa that has second greatest concentration of thunderstorms anywhere in the world

Output: Yoruba

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] ancestor spirits

Output: -most revered and involved -African Idea of Family--art actually acknowledges that - got to let them know that they love them and honor them, keep them comfortable - IMPORTANT bc if feel like they aren’t being taken care of, wreak havoc

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] African Idea of Family

Output: Africans feel that family includes extended family and family in the past, considering the ancestors who had human lives, were their RELATIVES - also extends FORWARD to unborn members who have not yet appeared

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] How do people see deities?

Output: - NOT LIKE “GOD IS GOOD”-->not only capable of one thing, capable of GOOD and BAD - dualistic, can do kind things, but also capable of doing evil things - in that way, they are like humankind - reflects African view of life itself

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Dualistic

Output: GOOD AND EVIL can do kind things, but also capable of doing evil things

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] African View of Life

Output: - thought that we are constantly surrounded by dual oppositions (dark/light, sad/joy, right/left, in/out) - the way to live a fruitful life is to try and find balance between these dual oppositions -the concept of balance is very reflected in the ways in which they create their art objects

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Why do we so much wood/cylinder forms in art?

Output: - look for cylinder forms! -not only common in rainforests, but a tree is living, ALIVE, helps to continue life force within images -cylindrical shape like a tree trunk -elongated body parts reveal that carved from a single limb of a tree

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] jijora

Output: - means that it’s a moderate resemblance, half way between absolute detail and utter abstraction -midway point-balance & dualism -majority of pieces that we look at reflect spirits, so jijora really indicates that it is a spirit

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Odo

Output: -age is at prime of life;called “odo” -will see often—even if old and not too pretty, always shown at PRIME OF LIFE

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] -way actual human figure is depicted

Output: -intentionally change proportions to indicate what they think are the most important aspects of human nature and personality 1. pectorals and breasts emphasized--rep. fertility because very important ideals to be a good man and father/breastfeeding and reproduction 2.head large-wisdom and brains 3.VERY LARGE BELLY BUTTONS-  NEGATIVE SPACE •empty space also important •like drumbeat—sound and silence—sound would have no meaning without the silence—negative space gives the positive space meaning 5.“Tutu” 6.static, unmoving figures 7.angular/deformed 8.jijora

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] 3.VERY LARGE BELLY BUTTONS

Output: notion of family is not just those before, also after—navel connects us with family before and reminds of unborn

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] “Tutu”

Output: • means face especially calm

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] o If you’re an artist, and it is your task to create an image as a LIVING human being, you’re going to try to make that image…what?

Output:  realistic, naturalistic, detailed as much as possible

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] o If you’re an artist, and it is your task to create an image of a SPIRIT—a dead human being, how are you going to make that look? How are you going to differentiate between that and the living?

Output: -find ways to distinguish between the spirit and people -idealization -SIMPLIFY AND ABSTRACT—REDUCE AMOUNT OF ARTISTIC DETAIL -use of abstraction to communicate that the being is of the spirit world

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] o Ancestor Figures

Output: -function/way of being used is most important thing about them: on family altars in which family honors and pays respect to ancestors NOT symbols—serve as houses and comfortable resting places for tired ancestors to come and rest -family members bring offerings, food, they dress them, can typically see these offerings still on them  remnants of use—authenticity

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Royal Ancestors

Output: -see these type of figures in African groups where social organization is based on hereditary monarchies -line of authority and power comes down through MOTHER !!**

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa]  matrilineal images

Output: —IMPORTANT IMAGES OF MOTHERS OF KINGS as well as kings themselves -line of authority through mother

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa]  Nok culture

Output: -active from 500 BC-200 CE •GREECE going strong—beginning of Classical period •Roman Republic about to begin •Middle East/Western Asia—Hus and Persians

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa]  terracotta

Output: —fired clay figures

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Ife People

Output: • MUCH MORE NATURALISTIC •some are terracotta, some are bronze -discovered the lost wax method

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] lost wax method

Output: o sculptor begins with clay and makes basic form, then inscribes into figure with sharp instrument, then the clay is covered with wax, then more clay put on wax, once hard, turn upside town and pour molten bronze into “Wax Sandwish” and wax melts and seems out through the cracks and holes not covered. Once bronze starts coming out, break clay and wax out, add detail, have final piece

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] • scarification

Output: -common form of body adornment -very thin lines cut into skin, then put ash in lines, then ash heal into decorative patterns -different kinds of scars signify different ranks and different things accomplished in life -like tattoos and piercings

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] male/female in art

Output: -male and female presented in most ideal roles -emphasizes reproduction -child clinging to back of woman— ROLE AS CARETAKER, MOTHER, NURTURER OF CHILDREN -his role—arm around shoulder is intended to show protectiveness •wearing a quiver on back: PROTECTOR, HELPS BRING FOOD, MAN OF HOUSE, LEADER - SYMETTRICAL—no dominance, both same size=B A L A N C E

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] - Benin people

Output: o Extraordinary important in world history o Very first Africans who had contact with Europeans (Portuguese)

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa]  King Henry the Navigator]

Output: -Big deal in world history because trade is established between two groups -Great event because it instantly makes Benin kingdom very wealthy and powerful, but is Beginning of African slave trade—trading people in art, represented as a celebrated event because it brought so much wealth

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Oba

Output: King-Benin  Coral headdress  Woven coral shirt Scarification under eyes

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Benin plaques

Output: -Purpose is that every single oba commissioned one of these for himself - each had a palace, within the palace, there were columns, plaques on columns, these put on columns, shows HISTORY—power, individual markers of each of these kings in chronological order

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] 1897 Benin

Output: •Imperialism happening, Europe going out and trying to get best colonies •Entire African continent conquered and divided up •British send small force into Benin city, Benins kill these people. -British send a much larger, stronger military expedition, conquer Benin, kill tons of people, take king prisoner, sent palace on fire, go in and take these king plaques and throw them into a big heap in front of palace •Benin people weeping outside watching this, realizing that their history is lost-->Today, exact chronology of Benin is uncertain

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] - Maternity Figures (still Ancestral)

Output: -So many mother-ancestor figures is because of high mortality rate of children -Fertility very important not only because of actual need, but also that FEMALENESS is like an analogy for agricultural fertility

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] - Twin Figures

Output: o Ere Ibeji o Thought of as the very powerful and mischievous children of the God of Thunder, Chango  Twins can trick people o Share a common soul o Higher infant mortality in third-world country very common o Figures very easy to recognize because of shade of head—elongated type form o If second twin dies, still make figure for it because very powerful

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Yorubi twin ritual

Output: -The fear among the Yoruba is that if a twin dies, since they share a single soul, the dead twin is going to try and persuade the living twin to come and live with them in the spirit world -The mother of a dead twin, as soon as that twin has died, will go to the local sculptor and get them to make an ere ibeji, a little sculpture whose purpose is to house the spirit of the dead twin -Once she has it at home, anything done to take care of the living twin is also done to the ere ibeji -Rub oil for bathing—gives them shiny glow -supposed to look fully-grown--Be happy forever, won’t outgrow

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] - Power Figures

Output: o Much bigger than ancestor figures (46-48 inches) -Big because represent POWER serve as moral intimidation

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] ROLE/PURPOSE of power figures

Output: -Invited into sculpture after shaman inserts into cavities in head and abdomen special substances that are thought to have magical powers -Closed with mirror, cowry shell, etc. -Once spirit living in power figure, the shaman lives on the outskirts of village and keeps it there because WAY too powerful for village -Functions like a judge/justice of peace for the village (People in dispute go and plead their case in front of the power figure and shaman and the power figure renders judgement, which the shaman then communicates to the people there) -Then, to show that they will live according to judgement, they drive a blade or nail into power figure to show that they will keep their word, like a signature If it i-nvolves two people, twine, hair, string will be wrapped around the two different nails -Job of power keeper to remember what every nail means and what every agreement is

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] o Funerary Figures/Reliquary Figures

Output: -Used to protect human remains (Especially Koto cultures) -When a Koto person dies, let body be picked clean by birds, then they keep the long bones in baskets, so the ancestors can continue to inhabit •These figures placed on top of baskets and bones to keep away threats and danger -Since these people are dead, not a human anymore, artist free to be -Turn it around and the other side has a convex face sticking out -No one sure exactly what it is, but maybe male and female -Strange convex is male, concave is female

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] African Connection to rest of year

Output: -When European countries were colonizing Africa and taking their art to London, Paris, Rome, the art is so radically different from European art, that when these young avant-garde artists like Picasso see them, absolutely RIVETED -Artists giving themselves permission to turn back on academy -Inspired by African art to radically rethink the way they make images

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] MASKS

Output: -When we see an African mask in a museum, that mask is taken so much out of its intended place, that it is really hard to get a sense of what the original would have been like -Mask always thought of as one part of a huge costume - intended to be seen in motion, seeing it still take soo much out of context -Spirit that dwells in mask--Masks intended to represent nature spirits, so most of them have not been human beings, so they look much less like human beings

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] - What does “sensual” mean?

Output: o Yes, sexual, but in this sense means “anything that appeals to the senses” Indian considered most sensual art in the world -VERY IMPORTANT o “Larger Umbrella” that also includes sexual, but sensual a MUCH broader term o Considered the most erotic/sexual art in the world as well

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Yakshi

Output: • A nature spirit/symbol of nature’s fertility and abundance

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Female Form

Output: o Idealized, very voluptuous, full-bodied female forms • See female form as a metaphor for generosity of the gods(farming) o Agricultural growth • Hour-glass shape: narrow waist, full breasts, full/rounded hips

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] • Kama

Output: —human sexual love o However, is NOT about promiscuity, about human sexual love within marriage

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa]  2 forms of Female Body

Output: • Symbol of a Thunderbolt o Blossoms on ends just about to open, narrow part in the middle • Two-headed Drum o Take an hour glass and turn it and have drums on both sides, narrow space in middle

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] o Representation of Male Form

Output: Idealized, smooth-bodied kind of form with simplified body volumes and very little muscle definition -• Very different from our accustomed thoughts of male idealization • A lot of people assume that these are female forms rather than male forms o Well-defined, huge muscles is normal idea to us • Body parts “flow” into the next body parts • The ideal form of the body, as it is imagined by Indian artists, is not based JUST on the body itself; based on COMBINING IDEAL FORMS OF NATURE -grace

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] o Explicit References to Sexual Union

Output: -IIn India, we have to remember that human sexual love is considered one of the four aims of life, so this is why we see images of sexual union -also used as metaphors for the kind of bliss that humans experience when they are one with the Divine/sense of ecstasy that we feel when we are spiritually united with God -strong Indian concept of the need of the Female principle AND the Male principle, Without life ceases to exist

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] images of loving couples

Output: Maithuna sculptural decorations of temples unashamed/embarassed metaphor/goal

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] abstracted male organs

Output: • In Hinduism, Shiva represents male principle of universe and Shakti represents the female principle • Images of Shiva with geometrically abstracted male organ o When we see columns that look like linga in garbagriha in Shiva temple, image of Shiva is a Shivalinga o Shiva by himself can’t do anything, must be united with Shiva o Linga and Yoni represent the coming together of the two principles

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Vishnavite Story of linga

Output:  FROM SHAIVITE PERSPECTIVE: One day, Vishnu and Brahma were walking along, and they saw coming out of the ground, this gigantic column that went all the way up to the clouds, astonished them. Brahma takes the form of a swan (his vehicle) and flies up into the heavens to see where it ends. Vishnu turns himself into a boar (one of his avatars) and burrows into the ground. Neither can find source, and at that point, Shiva pops out and is like “nah-nah-nah, guess who’s the greatest” • See images of swans and boars on lingas

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa]  Twining Plant forms

Output: • See them a lot—Profusion of plant growth • Represents fertility, abundance of gods, generosity of gods, growth, prosperity

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Profusion of Ornamentation and Decoration

Output: • No space that could be decorated that isn’t decorated • We will continually be looking at the idea of what people think is beautiful • More IS MORE

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] • Horror Vaqui

Output: —means dislike of empty space in art, preference for a lot of ornamentation

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] - General Hinduism

Output: o Were used to religion over a single, dominant, male deity (GOD) o Hinduism is polytheistic and is male AND female o Deities= BOTH Gods and Goddesses

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] “Hindu Triad”

Output:  Closed-circle understanding of how the universe operates • Brahma is creator deity • Vishnu preserves universe, make sure everything good • Shiva destroys and refreshes/revitalizes universe when it gets old  People believe that it is 3 main deities

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Temple Experience

Output: o Bring offerings to Shiva, such as money, clarified butter—“Ghee”, fruit, etc. o No communal worship service—all Hindu worship is individual o Going to the temple  Go up stairs, transitioning into more sacred space, walk under some covered porches  Enter the actual main temple, circumambulate CLOCKWISE (right side clean, left dirty witch side), pass niches, each niche you bow down and worship Shiva, niches have sculptures  Once you’ve circumambulated, been to all of these niches, go to outside these columns in middle of temple, right in front of garbagriha  Priest there, you give him offering and he opens curtain to Shiva  Really dark in there—sacred, let eyes adjust, then making eye contact with God, called Darshan  Priest lets God smell/taste/ etc offering, then as a sign of generosity, the deity gives it back , called Prasad  Then you exit and your ritual experience done

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] Darshan

Output: making eye contact with God,

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] asana

Output: special, symbolic posture, seated or standing, used in yoga and in the representation of the gods

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] attribute

Output: an object or physical characteristic used as an identifying symbol

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] avatar

Output: appearance of a deity in another form

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] circumambulate

Output: to walk around (something) in a complete circle, as a ritual of respect

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] garbagriha

Output: "womb chamber" the inner, shrine of a Hindu temple. Deity dwells/resides in the Garbagriha—he is everywhere, but he inhabits this sculpture so we can focus on him more easily

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] discus

Output: a round disk thrown as a weapon in ancient India; attribute of Vishnu

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] dharma

Output: law; religious or moral duty

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] consort

Output: the spouse of a deity

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] incarnation

Output: "to be made flesh"; that is, to be born into the world

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] karma

Output: the total actions in a person's life that determine the next state of existence

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] linga

Output: symbol of creativity and fertility in the form of the male sexual organ

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] moksha

Output: "release" or "liberation" of the soul from reincarnation and its union with the Divine, the goal of Hinduism

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] mace

Output: a heavy club used as a weapon and a symbol of authority; attribute of Vishnu

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] mudra

Output: symbolic hand position

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] shaivite

Output: worshiper of Shiva; having to do with the worship of Shiva

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] reincarnation

Output: to be born again as another form of life or into another class of human society

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] prana

Output: the breath of life; the vital breath or spirit

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] naga

Output: serpent

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] transmigration

Output: the passing of the soul at death into another body

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] shikara

Output: dome-like cap to the pyramidal tower of a South Indian Hindu temple or the entire tower of a North Indian temple.

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] shakti

Output: the Goddess; female energy and power of a deity, often represented as a goddess beside Shiva with the two representing the female and male principles of the universe

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] shaakta

Output: worshiper of Shakti, the Goddess

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] trident

Output: a three-pronged spear; attribute of Shiva

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] vaishnavite

Output: worshipper of Vishnu, having to do with the worship of Vishnu

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs


Input: [Culture of Sub-Saharan Africa] yoni

Output: symbol of creativity and fertility in the form of the female sexual organ

APAH African/Indian Art Flashcards - Cram.com

-“elbow” of Africa—Sub-Saharan -cultures are the closest to what their indigenous cultures would have been before the impact of Christianity and Islam -follow ancient beliefs and practices -important because vast majority of art produced has a ritual purpose and is used (or propaganda of kings) - art reflects deep-seated religious beliefs