Input: [Tenants and waste] Tenancy at sufferance

Output: a person who remains on a leased property after the termination of the lease Landlord can treat him as a trespasser or a new tenant In issues of “hold over” in some states, if the tenant does not state to the contrary and continues acting as he did under contract and if the lease was a year or over, the hold over can be assumed to have entered a new 1 year lease

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Quiet enjoyment during the lease term

Output: a covenant of quiet enjoyment is implied in leases in virtually all states and expressly included in many written leases. This is breached when evicted by the land lord, by someone acting under the landlord’s authority, or by someone asserting paramount title. (Example would be renovation that removes space leased... a reduction in size of the property)

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Eviction by Paramount title

Output: Eviction by paramount title occurs when landlord does not own the leased property and true owner demands possession, or when a prior mortgage on the property is forclosed

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Constructive eviction

Output: tenant does not have to pay rent if the landlord interferes with the tenant’s possession of the premises (landlord beaches some duty to the tenant, such as failed to make repairs as required by the lease) Tenants have to actually vacate the premises for it to be an eviction

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Partial actual eviction

Output: if a landlord changes the dimensions of the space without knowledge by the parties (who don’t notice until after) the lease in SOME states may not necessarily end the lease or other obligations such as keeping the building in repair.

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Security deposits

Output: covered by statute (In PA, double recovery by breach by landlord)

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Tenable repairs

Output: under some contracts, there is an implied covenant to make gradual repairs. A landlord may not be liable for gradual change, but a sudden act (flood) would requre landlord to fix things

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Voluntary Waste

Output: any substantial injury doen to the inheritance, during the continuance of an estate... as applied to tenant laws, whenever you voluntarily chane a property in material manners, is waste you cannot make changes without the consent of the landlord (voluntary waste) Under modern law, a change that increases value to the property may be looked at.... it has to be enough of a change that is material (a change of 800 dollars in valuet to a 25000 property is not material)

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Permissive waste

Output: "a. Failure of tenant to undertaken the ordinary care that a tenant would take b. Common law: when tenant sees a roof leak, cannot ignore it and then use subsequent deterioration as excuse to not pay rent, no requirement to make substantial repairs "

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Duration of lease and waste

Output: "a. If the lease is for 99 years, then obviously there is going to be some obsolescence that requires the tenant to make substantial changes to have a fruitful enjoyment of the property b. But for a short-term lease, the landlord is interested in the rental income but as well the basic integrity of the structures which will shortly return to his possession "

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Implied warranty of habitability

Output: "Warranty of habitability is implied in residential leases Tied to housing codes ---------Some states require the landlord to meet housing code standards, others measure it independently Strict obligation for the landlord Non-waivable Must be set for basic human living conditions are satisfied" You may or may not breach a warranty with a housing code violation

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Notification

Output: Tenant must notify the landlord of a condition

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Percentage diminution

Output: Unless the decrease in fair rental value is the entire level of habitability, you only withold the amount of rent for the amount of loss to the habitability

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Occupation= habitable?

Output: no, just because someone is living in a condition does not mean the home is habitable

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Remedies for tenants

Output: Termination of lease witholding rent abatement of rent repair and deduct pay in full

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Termination of the lease

Output: "i. Tenant has right to stop paying rent entirely and abandon the premises ii. Usually requires a material breach "

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Witholding Rent

Output: "i. Tenant is entitled to withhold rent until problem fixed ii. Best option is to pay withheld rent into escrow account managed by the court "

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Abatement of rent

Output: "i. Tenant can stop paying rent in proportion to the violations by the landlord ii. Court will agree and abate the rent for that period iii. Tenant still liable if the court finds there to be back rent owed despite abatement "

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Repair and deductions

Output: "i. Tenant can devote funds that would otherwise be used to pay rent to pay for repairs to bring building into compliance with housing codes ii. Typically minor repairs "

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Pay in full

Output: e. Pay the rent in full and seek damages (rarely done)

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Net Lease

Output: When a tenant agrees to undertake ALL of the repairs of a facility they are inhabiting Characterized by lesee’s paying of payroll tax, long terms, assume 3rd party liability, insurance on the property, etc

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Repair timeline

Output: the landlord needs a reasonable time to make repairs because a duty is created by the contract that the landlord must try to ameliorate the problem as soon as possible

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Repairs by tenant when not at fault

Output: When an emergency occurs (fire, earthquake), not the fault of tenant, and a NET lease is not applied, the tenant will likely not be held to have to repair the facilities before returning the property (although in some jurisdictions, they may be liable to rebuild the property if they have signed a waiver) Under Common Law, the tenant would be liable (this is because the building was not iewed as important... it was the tillable land that was)

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Landlord tort liability

Output: Not liable in common law, is liable under most systems today for harm coming from negligent care of facilities

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Crime prevention and habitability

Output: Some jurisdictions require a landlord to take reasonable precautions (knowing the area) to protect against high crime other jurisdictions require no landlord liability for crime protection

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Subleasing provisions (3 different theories)

Output: "1. Common law: Lessee may not sublet or assign the premises to be used in a manner which is injurious to the property or inconsistent with the terms of the original lease 2. Original view: Landlords have a right to withhold their consent to a subletting or assignment even though the withholding of the consent was arbitrary and unreasonable 3. Modern view: impose a standard of reasonableness on the landlord in withholding consent to a sublease unless the lease expressly states otherwise "

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Common law rule for assignment or sublease

Output: in the absence of language to the contrary, the tenant is free to do as he pleases with the property.

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Assignments

Output: one transfers his whole estate (up to the end of the term) without reserving a reversionary interest to himself. If reversionary protections, not an assignment a. But if the transferor retains or reserves a reversionary interest, the privity of the transferee and the original lessor is not established and there is no assignment... in other words, it has to be AN ABSOLUTE TRANSFER

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Silent consent clause

Output: in order to sublease, the landlord has to give written consent

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Preference in sublease interp.

Output: favors the right to alienate freely on part of tenant

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Assignment privity

Output: an assignment creates a vertical privity between assignee and assignor (original tenant)

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Privity of estate

Output: "a. All covenants which run with land/in original lease are enforceable against assignee b. Tenant's assignee is in privity of estate with the landlord, thus liable for rent (occupies the space, is compelled to pay for the space) " All benefits and burdens of the initial lease transfer

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Liability of the original assignor

Output: assignor/original tenant still has privity of contract with landlord and is liable if assignee fails to pay rent, in addition to the assignee being liable

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Perpetual renewal

Output: some leases may have a provision that allows the tenant to renew as many times as he wants to courts are reluctant to enforce these unless it is abundantly clear it is the intention

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] seizing of property

Output: in some states, a landlord can still seize property of tenant for nonpayment of rent (some states require a public officer to assist in this

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] retaliatory eviction

Output: tenants are protected under most states statutes for reporting violations, complaining, or joining tenants unions... landlords cannot just raise the prices to force someone out

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] abandonment of lease

Output: if a tenant abandons a lease, he is still under obligation to pay for it, unless the landlord fills the lease to his benefit (not the tenant’s) -----in many jurisdicitons, a landlord has to attempt to mitigate his costs by trying to fill the property. Landlord has to mitigate, let it sit then sue, or accept the loss.

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Provisions to not mitigate

Output: In some jurisdictions, a tenant can waive the landlord’s duty to mitigate. In others, a tenant must need to lobby when making the contract to have the landlord have a duty to mitigate. In others, it is implied

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Partial assignments

Output: when you transfer a portion of your lease to another for the duration of the lease. (500/1000 sq ft. transferred to another until the end of a lease)

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Landlord of subtenant (assignment)?

Output: Tenant

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Privity of estate in Assignment

Output: Landlord and assigned

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Privity of estate in sublet

Output: tenant and subleasee

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Privity of contract in assignment

Output: landlord and assignee

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Privity of contract in sublease?

Output: landlord and initial tenant still (Unless landlord releases tenant from contract)

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] When a clause req. Landlord be reasonable to give assignment or sublease

Output: In some states, the landlord must do so reasonably. (A grocery store subletting to another grocery is reasonable) ex. the transferee cannot pay, the landlord asks for references and gets information that states they are a poor tenant

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] assignment from an asignee

Output: just because a property has been assigned or subleased once, does not necessarily mean it is free to be assigned or subleased to a 4th party under common law. (Rule in Dumper’s case)

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Landlord’s 3 choices when ∆ abandons (common law)

Output: mitigate his damages let it lay fallow and sue the tenant accept the tenant’s surrender of the property

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] When a landlord does not release an original tenant of a lease

Output: The original tenant is still liable because he still has privity of contract

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: [Tenants and waste] Holdover tenants

Output: Common law- (old) lease renews for length of the lease. (New) Lease renews for a year (unless there is evidence of a contrary intent by the parties) If negotiating, it may be a month to month basis.

Tenants are not to commit voluntary or permissive waste


Input: not commit waste, leave fixtures, pay rent [Tenants and waste]

Output: Tenants duties


Input: Tenants cannot remove fixtures, even when the tenant has installed it… fixtures are objectively seen as thigns meant to permanently improve the property (lighting, storm windows, furnace) [Tenants and waste]

Output: Fixtures and tenants


Input: either sue for rent owed, or continue relationship and sue for lost rent. MUST NOT ENGAGE IN SELF HELP OF CHANGING LOCKS OR TAKING PROPERTY. SELF HELP IS CRIMINAL AND CIVILALLY PUNISHABLE [Tenants and waste]

Output: Landlord's options to get rent


Input: "SIR- surrender (landlord just lets the tenant leave, landlord accepts this) Ignore- hold Tenant responsible for rent (available in only a minority of states) Re-let the premises- Re-let the tenancy and hold the wrong doer former tenant for any deficiency. Try to mitigate" [Tenants and waste]

Output: Landlord options when tenant leaves


Input: "must give physical possession of the premises at the start of the lease Implied duty of quiet enjoyment " [Tenants and waste]

Output: Landlord Duty


Input: "Tenant must show the landlord ""SING""s SI-Substantial Interferrence (A regularly recurring problem… every time it rains, the apartment floods) N- Notice. Tenant must give Landlord Notice of the problem, and landlord must fail to act meaningfully G- Get out. Tenant must vacate in a reasonable time after Landlord does not correct the problem" [Tenants and waste]

Output: Constructive eviction by landlord


Input: transfer of possessory interest in property for a detminate set of time. terminates at the end of the lease with no notice that the lease is about to expire Statute of frauds requires a writing for any term longer than a year in many jurisdictions [Tenants and waste]

Output: Fixed term Tenancy


Input: Renew can have new terms... option to extend is just keeeping the same lease over a longer period of time [Tenants and waste]

Output: Option to renew v. option to extend


Input: A lease giving tenant possession of the leased property for successive identical periods is periodic can be indefinite, because the party that owns just has to keep giving the option to lease (open ended) Landlord OR tenant can give proper notice to terminate "To T for year to year"…. "T for week to week" [Tenants and waste]

Output: Periodic Tenancy


Input: 6 months for a year to year tenancy or greater notice equal to the length of the period if its less than a year (month for a month to month tenancy) Most modern statutes provide for at least 60 days notice. TDate for termination must be at the end of the period THIS TIME OF NOTICE IS ALL IN THE ABSENCE OF LANGUAGE TO THE CONTRARY [Tenants and waste]

Output: Notice for Periodic Tenancy


Input: can be terminated at the election of either party, no fixed duration. (This exists because they allow it… it will end when they demand it" common law- no advance notice of temination statutory- some difference for time to notify termination [Tenants and waste]

Output: Tenacy at will


Input: a person who remains on a leased property after the termination of the lease Landlord can treat him as a trespasser or a new tenant In issues of “hold over” in some states, if the tenant does not state to the contrary and continues acting as he did under contract and if the lease was a year or over, the hold over can be assumed to have entered a new 1 year lease [Tenants and waste]

Output: Tenancy at sufferance


Input: a covenant of quiet enjoyment is implied in leases in virtually all states and expressly included in many written leases. This is breached when evicted by the land lord, by someone acting under the landlord’s authority, or by someone asserting paramount title. (Example would be renovation that removes space leased... a reduction in size of the property) [Tenants and waste]

Output: Quiet enjoyment during the lease term


Input: Eviction by paramount title occurs when landlord does not own the leased property and true owner demands possession, or when a prior mortgage on the property is forclosed [Tenants and waste]

Output: Eviction by Paramount title


Input: tenant does not have to pay rent if the landlord interferes with the tenant’s possession of the premises (landlord beaches some duty to the tenant, such as failed to make repairs as required by the lease) Tenants have to actually vacate the premises for it to be an eviction [Tenants and waste]

Output: Constructive eviction


Input: if a landlord changes the dimensions of the space without knowledge by the parties (who don’t notice until after) the lease in SOME states may not necessarily end the lease or other obligations such as keeping the building in repair. [Tenants and waste]

Output: Partial actual eviction


Input: covered by statute (In PA, double recovery by breach by landlord) [Tenants and waste]

Output: Security deposits


Input: under some contracts, there is an implied covenant to make gradual repairs. A landlord may not be liable for gradual change, but a sudden act (flood) would requre landlord to fix things [Tenants and waste]

Output: Tenable repairs


Input: any substantial injury doen to the inheritance, during the continuance of an estate... as applied to tenant laws, whenever you voluntarily chane a property in material manners, is waste you cannot make changes without the consent of the landlord (voluntary waste) Under modern law, a change that increases value to the property may be looked at.... it has to be enough of a change that is material (a change of 800 dollars in valuet to a 25000 property is not material) [Tenants and waste]

Output: Voluntary Waste


Input: "a. Failure of tenant to undertaken the ordinary care that a tenant would take b. Common law: when tenant sees a roof leak, cannot ignore it and then use subsequent deterioration as excuse to not pay rent, no requirement to make substantial repairs " [Tenants and waste]

Output: Permissive waste


Input: "a. If the lease is for 99 years, then obviously there is going to be some obsolescence that requires the tenant to make substantial changes to have a fruitful enjoyment of the property b. But for a short-term lease, the landlord is interested in the rental income but as well the basic integrity of the structures which will shortly return to his possession " [Tenants and waste]

Output: Duration of lease and waste


Input: "Warranty of habitability is implied in residential leases Tied to housing codes ---------Some states require the landlord to meet housing code standards, others measure it independently Strict obligation for the landlord Non-waivable Must be set for basic human living conditions are satisfied" You may or may not breach a warranty with a housing code violation [Tenants and waste]

Output: Implied warranty of habitability


Input: Tenant must notify the landlord of a condition [Tenants and waste]

Output: Notification


Input: Unless the decrease in fair rental value is the entire level of habitability, you only withold the amount of rent for the amount of loss to the habitability [Tenants and waste]

Output: Percentage diminution


Input: no, just because someone is living in a condition does not mean the home is habitable [Tenants and waste]

Output: Occupation= habitable?


Input: Termination of lease witholding rent abatement of rent repair and deduct pay in full [Tenants and waste]

Output: Remedies for tenants


Input: "i. Tenant has right to stop paying rent entirely and abandon the premises ii. Usually requires a material breach " [Tenants and waste]

Output: Termination of the lease


Input: "i. Tenant is entitled to withhold rent until problem fixed ii. Best option is to pay withheld rent into escrow account managed by the court " [Tenants and waste]

Output: Witholding Rent


Input: "i. Tenant can stop paying rent in proportion to the violations by the landlord ii. Court will agree and abate the rent for that period iii. Tenant still liable if the court finds there to be back rent owed despite abatement " [Tenants and waste]

Output: Abatement of rent


Input: "i. Tenant can devote funds that would otherwise be used to pay rent to pay for repairs to bring building into compliance with housing codes ii. Typically minor repairs " [Tenants and waste]

Output: Repair and deductions


Input: e. Pay the rent in full and seek damages (rarely done) [Tenants and waste]

Output: Pay in full


Input: When a tenant agrees to undertake ALL of the repairs of a facility they are inhabiting Characterized by lesee’s paying of payroll tax, long terms, assume 3rd party liability, insurance on the property, etc [Tenants and waste]

Output: Net Lease


Input: the landlord needs a reasonable time to make repairs because a duty is created by the contract that the landlord must try to ameliorate the problem as soon as possible [Tenants and waste]

Output: Repair timeline


Input: When an emergency occurs (fire, earthquake), not the fault of tenant, and a NET lease is not applied, the tenant will likely not be held to have to repair the facilities before returning the property (although in some jurisdictions, they may be liable to rebuild the property if they have signed a waiver) Under Common Law, the tenant would be liable (this is because the building was not iewed as important... it was the tillable land that was) [Tenants and waste]

Output: Repairs by tenant when not at fault


Input: Not liable in common law, is liable under most systems today for harm coming from negligent care of facilities [Tenants and waste]

Output: Landlord tort liability


Input: Some jurisdictions require a landlord to take reasonable precautions (knowing the area) to protect against high crime other jurisdictions require no landlord liability for crime protection [Tenants and waste]

Output: Crime prevention and habitability


Input: "1. Common law: Lessee may not sublet or assign the premises to be used in a manner which is injurious to the property or inconsistent with the terms of the original lease 2. Original view: Landlords have a right to withhold their consent to a subletting or assignment even though the withholding of the consent was arbitrary and unreasonable 3. Modern view: impose a standard of reasonableness on the landlord in withholding consent to a sublease unless the lease expressly states otherwise " [Tenants and waste]

Output: Subleasing provisions (3 different theories)


Input: in the absence of language to the contrary, the tenant is free to do as he pleases with the property. [Tenants and waste]

Output: Common law rule for assignment or sublease


Input: one transfers his whole estate (up to the end of the term) without reserving a reversionary interest to himself. If reversionary protections, not an assignment a. But if the transferor retains or reserves a reversionary interest, the privity of the transferee and the original lessor is not established and there is no assignment... in other words, it has to be AN ABSOLUTE TRANSFER [Tenants and waste]

Output: Assignments


Input: in order to sublease, the landlord has to give written consent [Tenants and waste]

Output: Silent consent clause


Input: favors the right to alienate freely on part of tenant [Tenants and waste]

Output: Preference in sublease interp.


Input: an assignment creates a vertical privity between assignee and assignor (original tenant) [Tenants and waste]

Output: Assignment privity


Input: "a. All covenants which run with land/in original lease are enforceable against assignee b. Tenant's assignee is in privity of estate with the landlord, thus liable for rent (occupies the space, is compelled to pay for the space) " All benefits and burdens of the initial lease transfer [Tenants and waste]

Output: Privity of estate


Input: assignor/original tenant still has privity of contract with landlord and is liable if assignee fails to pay rent, in addition to the assignee being liable [Tenants and waste]

Output: Liability of the original assignor


Input: some leases may have a provision that allows the tenant to renew as many times as he wants to courts are reluctant to enforce these unless it is abundantly clear it is the intention [Tenants and waste]

Output: Perpetual renewal


Input: in some states, a landlord can still seize property of tenant for nonpayment of rent (some states require a public officer to assist in this [Tenants and waste]

Output: seizing of property


Input: tenants are protected under most states statutes for reporting violations, complaining, or joining tenants unions... landlords cannot just raise the prices to force someone out [Tenants and waste]

Output: retaliatory eviction


Input: if a tenant abandons a lease, he is still under obligation to pay for it, unless the landlord fills the lease to his benefit (not the tenant’s) -----in many jurisdicitons, a landlord has to attempt to mitigate his costs by trying to fill the property. Landlord has to mitigate, let it sit then sue, or accept the loss. [Tenants and waste]

Output: abandonment of lease


Input: In some jurisdictions, a tenant can waive the landlord’s duty to mitigate. In others, a tenant must need to lobby when making the contract to have the landlord have a duty to mitigate. In others, it is implied [Tenants and waste]

Output: Provisions to not mitigate


Input: when you transfer a portion of your lease to another for the duration of the lease. (500/1000 sq ft. transferred to another until the end of a lease) [Tenants and waste]

Output: Partial assignments


Input: Tenant [Tenants and waste]

Output: Landlord of subtenant (assignment)?


Input: Landlord and assigned [Tenants and waste]

Output: Privity of estate in Assignment


Input: tenant and subleasee [Tenants and waste]

Output: Privity of estate in sublet


Input: landlord and assignee [Tenants and waste]

Output: Privity of contract in assignment


Input: landlord and initial tenant still (Unless landlord releases tenant from contract) [Tenants and waste]

Output: Privity of contract in sublease?


Input: In some states, the landlord must do so reasonably. (A grocery store subletting to another grocery is reasonable) ex. the transferee cannot pay, the landlord asks for references and gets information that states they are a poor tenant [Tenants and waste]

Output: When a clause req. Landlord be reasonable to give assignment or sublease


Input: just because a property has been assigned or subleased once, does not necessarily mean it is free to be assigned or subleased to a 4th party under common law. (Rule in Dumper’s case) [Tenants and waste]

Output: assignment from an asignee


Input: mitigate his damages let it lay fallow and sue the tenant accept the tenant’s surrender of the property [Tenants and waste]

Output: Landlord’s 3 choices when ∆ abandons (common law)


Input: The original tenant is still liable because he still has privity of contract [Tenants and waste]

Output: When a landlord does not release an original tenant of a lease


Input: Common law- (old) lease renews for length of the lease. (New) Lease renews for a year (unless there is evidence of a contrary intent by the parties) If negotiating, it may be a month to month basis. [Tenants and waste]

Output: Holdover tenants


Input: [1] pathogen too big to be phagocytized, throw toxic molecules at larger pathogen to destroy it [2]

Output: ADCC

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] kill bacteria and fungi but not spores and non-enveloped viruses, acts by protein denaturation [2]

Output: Alcohol

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] response to antigens--made by B cells [2]

Output: Antibodies

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] have MHC class I & II, display antigen, migrate to naive lymphocytes and activate only ones that are recognized by pathogen [2]

Output: APC

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] makes antibodies [2]

Output: B-cell

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] have basic granules and release histamine, ONLY in blood [2]

Output: Basophil

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] 1st compliment activated in classical pathway [2]

Output: C1/C4/C2

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] only common molecule in all pathways [2]

Output: C3

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cells in respiratory system, bacteria try to eliminate cilia [2]

Output: Ciliated Stratified/Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Crosslinking of BCR [2]

Output: Signal 1 for B cell activation

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] chemical messengers from T-h cells that help T-c cells or B cells [2]

Output: Cytokines

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] APC, gathers antigen from tissues and then present it to lymphocytes that congregate in secondary lymphoid organs [2]

Output: Dendritic Cells

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] produces mucous [2]

Output: Goblet cells

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] type of leukocyte, has large granules: neutrophils (PMN's), eosinophil, basophil [2]

Output: Granulocyte

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] IgA [2]

Output: monomer or dimer; found in SECRETIONS. Most abundant overall antibody

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] IgD [2]

Output: on the surface of B cells

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] IgE [2]

Output: in allergies, used in ADCC and to get rid of PARASITES

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] IgG [2]

Output: monomer, used in classical compliment and ADCC and is able to cross the placenta

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] IgM [2]

Output: first antibody produced; pentamer, no Fc region, stays in the blood stream and used in classical complement activation

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] interferon y [2]

Output: makes angry killer macrophage

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Lactoferrin [2]

Output: iron binding protein, bactera need iron and it prevents access to free iron

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Lymphocyte [2]

Output: T/B/NK cells, highly specific, only recognize few antigens

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Lysozyme [2]

Output: breaks down peptidogylcen--most effective against gram positive

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] MAC complex [2]

Output: puts holes in antigen, C6-9

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mast Cells [2]

Output: similar to basophils, release histamine and not found in blood

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] MHC Class I [2]

Output: found on all cells

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] MHC Class II [2]

Output: found on APC's

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Neutrophil [2]

Output: PMN-first cell to respond, not activated or educated--most abundant

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] NK cells [2]

Output: kill cells that have been bound to antibody or abnormal, always kill and look for avsence of MHC class I which turns off

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Plasma Cell [2]

Output: B cell that actively secretes antibodies

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Signal I [2]

Output: binds to MHC

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Signal 2 [2]

Output: special handshake between APC and T/B/ cell

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Stratified Squamous Epithelium [2]

Output: overlapping epithelial cells that become kertinized to seal the surface of our body

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] T cell [2]

Output: develop in thymus, Tc destroy infected/abnormal host cells

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Type I hypersensitivity [2]

Output: allergies (IgE) very rapid

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Type II hypersensitivity [2]

Output: blood clots (IgM and IgG)

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Type III hypersensitivity [2]

Output: small antigen-antibody complexes form and deposit in sites--causes inflammatory response (IgG)

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Type IV hypersensitivity [2]

Output: only in T cells--take a long time

2nd set of micro vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The light you can see [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Visible light


Input: The distance between crest to crest in a wave [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Wavelength


Input: Light that spreads out in different colors if you shine it through a prism [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Spectrum


Input: Instruments that collect and focus light and other forms of electromagnet radiation. [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Telescope


Input: A telescope that uses lenses or mirrors to collect and focus light [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Optical Telescope


Input: a telescope that uses convex lenses to gather and focus light. [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Refracting Telescope


Input: A piece of glass were the middle is thicker then the edges [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Convex Lens


Input: A telescope that uses a curved mirror to collect and focus light [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Reflecting Telescope


Input: A building that contains one or more telescopes [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Observatory


Input: Detect radio waves from objects in space [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Radio Telescopes


Input: A device that breaks light into color [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Spectrograph


Input: Brightness as seen from Earth [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Apparent Brightness


Input: The stars brightness if it were standard distance from Earth [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Absolute Brightness


Input: Graph that is used to determine Color, Brightness, and Temp. [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram


Input: The diagonal area in the H-R diagram [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Main Sequence


Input: A large cloud of gas and dust spread over a immense volume [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Nebula


Input: A contracting cloud of gas with enough mass to form a star [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Protostar


Input: The blue-white core of the star left behind cools and becomes [Electromagnet waves]

Output: White Dwarf


Input: The explosion of a super-giant star [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Supernova


Input: Remains of high-mass stars [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Neutron Stars


Input: Spinning neutron stars [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Pulsars


Input: An object with gravity so strong nothing, not even light can escape it. [Electromagnet waves]

Output: Black Hole


Input: Main advantages of oil and gas partnerships

Output: 1.Intangible drilling costs 2.Depletion 3.tax deferral 4.Flow thru of tax benefits 5.Depreciation deduction in equipment

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Depletion allowances

Output: -Based on the amount of oil SOLD -Apples to oil, mineral and timber

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Intangible drilling costs

Output: Deductible expenses for labor, supplies, fuel, repairs and other items with NO salvage value -deductible as they are incurred and PAID -represent a major portion of the 1st yr reductions

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Equipment costs

Output: Machinery, toold, pipe and casing must be depreciated over time and are NOT subject to depletion

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Dry hole costs

Output: Drilling costs incurred on a well that does not produce oil -Intangible

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Exploratory drilling program

Output: -Drill in areas w UNPORVEN reserves(wildcatting) -Greatest risk,potential for greatest return

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Developemental drilling program

Output: -Drill in areas of proven reserves -Returns are less under a successful developement program than a successful exploratory program

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Balanced drilling program

Output: -Drill both exploratory and developemental

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Oil & gas income

Output: Buy properties that are already producing -Looking for INCOME not WRITE-OFFS -lowest risk

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: T or F If the inv does not meet the assessment by depositing the addt cash, their share of the revenues plus expenses of owership will be automatically reduced

Output: T

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Overriding royalty sharing arrangement

Output: -Sponsor does not pay any costs realted to drilling -Shares in revenues as soon as the first oil and gas is removed

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Disproportionate sharring arrangement

Output: -SPonsor receives a share of the rev that is greater than his participationg costs

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Subordinated working interest

Output: Sponsor does not bear any costs relating to drilling wells -does not share in revenues until investors recover their inv

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: Functiona allocation sharring arrangement

Output: -Most commonly use -Sponsor bears all capital tangible costs of drilling wells -Inv bears all intangible costs which are deductible as they are incurred

-Popular tax shelter inv -Inv can write off more in the early years -Bears more risk than a REDPP


Input: What is the purpose of the MOV program?

Output: Completed monthly by RPPO's to facilitate better usage of funds. RPPO's review each requisition to determine if parts are still needed.

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is a DLR?

Output: Any parts that are repairable at the depot level.

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: Explain the process of a Turn in DLR?

Output: Before a process can be placed for a new DLR part, the NRFI part has to be turned into the supply dept.

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: Explain the process of a RIP DLR?

Output: If the broken part need to remain in place the broken equipment in order for it to be operational. The broken part is turned 24 hr after receipt.

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What are the categories of CASREP's?

Output: Initial, Update, Correction

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: How often does a CASREP update need to be sent?

Output: Every 30 days

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is the purpose of the DD FORM 1348-6?

Output: Used for requisitioning non NSN items

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is the purpose of the NAVCOMPT 2276 form?

Output: Request for Contractural Procurement.

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is the purpose of the NAVSUP 1250-2 form?

Output: Used by AFLOAT activities for requisitioning NON NSN items from Navy supply resources.

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is the purpose of the SF 44?

Output: Multi purpose form, used as a purchase order, receiving report, and invoice.

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is the purpose of the DD FORM 115?

Output: Order for supplies of services

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is the purpose of the SF 1449?

Output: Solicitation for commercial items

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is the purpose of the DD FORM 200?

Output: Financial Liability investigation of Property Loss

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is CHRIMP?

Output: Consolidated Hazardous Material Reutilization and Inventory Management

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is DRMS?

Output: DOD property that has to be turned into DRMO

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What are the uses for the Government commercial purchase card?

Output: Intended to streamline small purchase methods, eliminate petty cash. For official pruchases under 3000 dollars.

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is OPTAR?

Output: Operating Target, the budget for commands.

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is an NSN?

Output: National Stock Number

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is a COG?

Output: Cognizance Symbol

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What is an AEL?

Output: Allowance Equipment List

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What does NC mean?

Output: Not carried

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: What does NIS mean?

Output: Not in stock

Each piece is assigned a serial number and bar code and entered into DPAS. There is a quarterly inventory of each item.


Input: class of sea stars [Echinodermata]

Output: Asteroidea

zoology lab chap 16 and 17 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: class of brittle stars [Echinodermata]

Output: Ophiuroidea

zoology lab chap 16 and 17 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: class of sea urchins [Echinodermata]

Output: Echinoidea

zoology lab chap 16 and 17 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: class of sea cucumbers [Echinodermata]

Output: Holothuroidea

zoology lab chap 16 and 17 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: class of feather stars and sea lilies [Echinodermata]

Output: Crinoidea

zoology lab chap 16 and 17 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: phylum that includes amphioxus and ciona [Echinodermata]

Output: Chordata

zoology lab chap 16 and 17 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: subphylum of ciona [Echinodermata]

Output: Urochordata

zoology lab chap 16 and 17 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: subphylum of amphioxus [Echinodermata]

Output: Cephalochordata

zoology lab chap 16 and 17 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: branch of organisms that include echinodermata [Echinodermata]

Output: deuterostomes

zoology lab chap 16 and 17 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Candid] conJecture [坦白直率的] 推測,猜測

Output: inference;guesswork

sat vocabs hit parade1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Candid] diDactic [坦白直率的] 教訓的

Output: instructive

sat vocabs hit parade1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Candid] Euphemism [坦白直率的] 婉轉說法

Output: a mild, indirect, or vague term substituting for a harsh, blunt, or offensive term

sat vocabs hit parade1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Candid] exTrapolate [坦白直率的] 推斷

Output: to infer or estimate by extending or projecting known information

sat vocabs hit parade1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Candid] incoHerent [坦白直率的] 無條理的

Output: lacking cohesion or connection

sat vocabs hit parade1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Candid] inSinuate [坦白直率的] 暗示

Output: to introduce or communicate stealthily

sat vocabs hit parade1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Candid] lucid [坦白直率的] 清楚的

Output: easily understood;clear

sat vocabs hit parade1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Candid] rhetoric [坦白直率的] 修辭

Output: the art of using language effectively and persuasively

sat vocabs hit parade1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Peer [2]

Output: Individuals who are about the same age or level of maturity


Input: [1] Cohort [2]

Output: A group of people born around the same time in the same place


Input: [1] How do boys and girls differ nthe want hey spend time away from family? [2]

Output: Boys: increase time alone Girls: increase time with peers


Input: [1] How are adolescent friendships different from childhood friendships? [2]

Output: Begin hanging out with larger groups. Groups are no longer defined by what they are doing (sports etc), but by more psychological factors.


Input: [1] General trend for age segregation [2]

Output: Created through the modern public school systems no child labor laws


Input: [1] Social rank in a group [2]

Output: Peers?


Input: [1] Social comparison [2]

Output: Provided by peer groups--upward and downward comparison


Input: [1] How do cliques work? [2]

Output: Groups of student's with similar interests Graph shows fringe members belonging to various groups


Input: [1] How do adolescent groups segregate on race? [2]

Output: It seems to be a volantarry seggregation


Input: [1] Crowds [2]

Output: Larg and looser groups --share common characteristics but may not interact with one another


Input: [1] The perception that teens in other groups are all alike [2]

Output: Outgroup homogeneity bias


Input: [1] Conformity [2]

Output: A change in behavior or attitudes brought by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of others


Input: [1] 2 types of social pressure [2]

Output: Informational social influence Normative social influence


Input: [1] What issues to teens conform to? [2]

Output: Everyday social matters: television, music,books More likely to follow parents on beliefs and objective matters


Input: [1] Peer status categories [2]

Output: Popular, controversial, rejected, neglected


Input: [1] Popular peer status [2]

Output: Mostly liked, high status


Input: [1] Controvrsial peer status [2]

Output: Liked by some, disliked by others High status


Input: [1] Rejected peer status [2]

Output: Uniformly disliked Low status


Input: [1] Neglected peer status [2]

Output: Neither liked nor disliked Low status


Input: [1] Which peer status category leads to the best psychological outcome? [2]

Output: Popular and controversial


Input: [1] What are effects of rejection? [2]

Output: Lead to academic problems, loneliness, depression, and behavior problems


Input: [1] Why does rejection happen? [2]

Output: In some cases rejection rests on the students' inability to accurately interpret the meaning of their peers behaviors


Input: [1] Intimacy [2]

Output: The feeling of emotional closeness and interconnectedness with another person


Input: [1] Sulivan's basis for successful opposite-sex relationships [2]

Output: Strong same sex bond were needed before building bonds with the opposite sex


Input: [1] Erikson's order of intimacy and identity [2]

Output: Male: identity before intimacy Female: intimacy before identity


Input: [1] Current research on intimacy [2]

Output: Sequence is not as important as acknowledging the link to adolescence


Input: [1] Adolescence view on friendship [2]

Output: Intimacy and loyalty are a key Need fulfillment, emotional attachment, interdependence


Input: [1] What roles do teens play in their friendships with one another? [2]

Output: Companionship Stimulation Physical support Psychological support Social comparison A safe environment Intimacy and affection


Input: [1] Benefit of high quality friendship [2]

Output: Better adjusted emotionally


Input: [1] Self-disclosure [2]

Output: Conversation In which information about the self is exchanged with others


Input: [1] Role of self-disclosure [2]

Output: Leads to increased intimacy Descriptive self-disclosure: facts Evaluative set-disclosure: feelings


Input: [1] Importnce of conflict in friendships [2]

Output: Learn to manage conflicts and control anger Develop conflict-management skills


Input: [1] Some ways to make friends with peers [2]

Output: Similarity Reciprocity Proximity Gender


Input: [1] Social isolation [2]

Output: Lonliness in which adolescents suffer from a lack of frien, associates, or relatives


Input: [1] Emotional isolation [2]

Output: Lonliness in which adolescents feel a lack of deep emotional attachment to one specific person


Input: [1] Dating [2]

Output: Individual-choice courtship in which boys and girls pair off together as couples in committed relationships


Input: [1] Hooking up [2]

Output: A more ambiguous term which may imply short term relationship or physical encounter


Input: [1] What does dating fulfill for teens? [2]

Output: It can build status and prestige Provides a recreational quality to life Helps build identities


Input: [1] Dating scripts [2]

Output: Cognitive models of what behavior and expectations are appropriate and inappropriate within the context of dating relationships


Input: [1] How are dating scripts formed? [2]

Output: Learned from peers, family, mass media


Input: [1] Why is sex central to teen's lives [2]

Output: Maturation


Input: [1] What influences sexual arousal the most? [2]

Output: The brain


Input: [1] What percent of tens have had sex before the age of 20? [2]

Output: 80%


Input: [1] What are norms? [2]

Output: Societal rules-- group rules


Input: [1] What is gender identity? [2]

Output: The gender a person believes he/she is psychologically


Input: [1] How do experts explain homosexuality? [2]

Output: A mix of environmental and genetic factors


Input: [1] What parenting style is associated with teens waiting longer to have sex? [2]

Output: Authoritative/ supportive


Input: [1] What are the reasons teens fail to use contraceptives? [2]

Output: Lack of knowledge Unrealistic views of sex


Input: [1] What is ether least effective method of contraception? [2]

Output: Withdrawal


Input: [1] What country has the highest teen pregnancy rate? [2]

Output: U.S.


Input: [1] Why might virginity pledges work? [2]

Output: Provide a sense if identity to a group Accountability


Input: [1] How many teens contact a STI before graduation? [2]

Output: 1 in 4


Input: [1] Sexual harassment [2]

Output: Unwanted sexual attention The creation of a hostile or abusive environment Or explicit corsion to engage in unwanted sexual activity


Input: [1] Why is the transition from elementary to middle a challenge? [2]

Output: Different classes, techs, students, larger class sizes, larger school


Input: [1] What is the whole child? [2]

Output: Every aspect of the student-- not just the academic side


Input: [1] 8 principles of the Carnegie study [2]

Output: 1. Create learning communities to make larger schools mo manageable and promote teacher/student relationships 2. Identify the common core of knowledge-- making a connection between disciplines 3. Provide opportunities for all students to succeed through the use of cooperative learning techniques 4. Prepare teachers for better middle school instruction 5. Support academic instruction by providing programs to address health and fitness needs 6. Involve parents and families 7. Give teachers and principles the ability to make changes in the curriculum and to use innovative teaching techniques 8. Connect education more effectively with the community by providing full-ser ice schools


Input: [1] Multicultural education [2]

Output: Goal is to help minority students develop competence I the culture of a majority group while maintains positive group identities that build original cultures


Input: [1] Cultural assimilation model [2]

Output: An approach which the goal of education. Was to assimilate individual cultu identities into a unique American culture


Input: [1] Pluralistic society model [2]

Output: American society is made up of diverse, coequal cultural groups that should presee their individual cultural features


Input: [1] Ultimate goal of bilingual education [2]

Output: Gradually shift instruction into English


Input: [1] Drawback to homeschooling [2]

Output: Lack of social interaction A parents the best equipped to tackle the sciences Parents lack the preparation


Input: [1] What percentage of high schoolers graduate? [2]

Output: 78%


Input: [1] How many students who start college will finish with a degree? [2]

Output: 40%


Input: [1] Teacher expectancy effect [2]

Output: The cycle of behavior in which a teacher transmits an expectation about a student and thereby actually brings about the expected behavior


Input: [1] Claude Steel -- stereotype threat [2]

Output: Women acceptance of society's stereotypes


Input: Nucleic acid genome surrounded by protein coat and in some cases a lipid membrane layer

Output: What is a virion composed of?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: DNA/RNA double or single stranded Mostly linear very specific Size range=0.02 to 0.3 um

Output: What are characteristics of a viral genome?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: protein shell that surrounds the genome of a virus particle: Composed of capsomeres arranged in repetition around nucleic acid genome

Output: What is a capsid?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Protein subunit of rapid

Output: What is a capsomere

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Helical symmetry: rod shaped virus (ex. tobacco mosaic virus) Icosahedral symmetry: spherical viruses

Output: Nucleocapsids are highly symmetric. What are types of symmetry?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Lysozyme: lyse bacterial cell wall 2) Nucleic acid polymerases: For replication of viral genome, not dsDNA

Output: What enzymes do virions contain?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of infections units per volume of fluid

Output: What is a titer?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of plaque forming units always lower than microscope counts: -inactive virions -mutant genomes -conditions not appropriate in lab for infectivity

Output: What is efficiency of plating?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Attachment (adsorption) 2) Entry 3) Synthesis 4) Assembly 5) Release

Output: Phases of viral replication?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) CRISPR: similar to RNA interference 2)Restriction-modification system: effective against dsDNA virus, restriction enzymes cleave DNA, Modifies host own DNA to prevent cleavage of own DNA

Output: What mechanisms do bacteria contain to diminish viral infection?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -synthesized soon after infection -necessary for replication of virus nucleic acid -typically act catalytically -made in small amounts

Output: Characteristics of early viral proteins?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -synthsized later -include proteins of virus coat -typically structural components -made in larger amounts

Output: Characteristics of late viral proteins?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: contains modified base: 5-hydrozymethylcytosine, DNA is resistant to most restriction enzymes!

Output: !Special modification in Phage T4 DNA?

Bacteriology: Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Ethics [2]

Output: Moral values, principles of conduct, rules in healthcare.

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Autonomy [2]

Output: Free will, choice, self directed. Basis for informed consent Respect for patient's wishes

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Nonmaleficence [2]

Output: Avoid harm to the patient

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Beneficence [2]

Output: Action for the benefit of the patient or general population.

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Justice [2]

Output: Fairness Equal treatment for all

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Informed Consent [2]

Output: Process of communication between patient and physician that results in patient's authorization to undergo a specific medical intervention, -Patient must be competent -Layman's terms *Patient can refuse at ANY time

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] If patient does not speak English [2]

Output: Hospital translator Family member can translate after signing HIPAA form

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] If patient is under 18 yrs of age [2]

Output: Guardian consent

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] If patient is incapacitated [2]

Output: Guardian or surrogate decision maker

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Patient - Sonographer Interaction [2]

Output: Introduction Wrist band ID Verbal confirmation Maintain patient dignity

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Interpretation of Exam [2]

Output: Sonographers must recognize and execute a diagnostic exam. Scope of practice does not allow interpreting results and sharing with patient.

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Ergonomics [2]

Output: Studies the interaction between people and their work environment. Optimize environment to prevent injury 3 out of 4 experience pain; 20% end careers OSHA and SDMS work to prevent injury

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Prevent Injury [2]

Output: Keep patient close Minimum twisting, reaching, bending Use palmar grip Don't "break" wrist Adjust patient schedule

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] OSHA [2]

Output: Occupational Safety and Health Administration Ensure safe work practices and the use of protective equipment

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Ultrasound System [2]

Output: Entire system: Electronics Transducers

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Doppler [2]

Output: Information displayed in graphic form Graphs velocity of blood flow

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Relationships [2]

Output: Unrelated Directly Related Inversely Related

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Unrelated [2]

Output: No association; no relationship EX: IQ & hair color

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Directly Related [2]

Output: One term is affected by the other -One increases, the other increases proportionately EX: calorie intake and weight

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Inversely Related [2]

Output: May be reciprocals One increases, the other decreases EX: The more you spend, the less you save.

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Metric System [2]

Output: Used frequently in ultrasound Giga Mega kilo hecto deca deci centi milli micro nano

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Average Propagation speed in soft tissue [2]

Output: 1.54 mm/us 1,540 m/s 1.54 km/s

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Media [2]

Output: A substance regarded as the means of transmission of a force or effect Biological tissue for sound to travel through. Reflections are processed into images.

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Sound Waves [2]

Output: Carry energy from one location to another. Mechanical wave or vibration Particles in the medium move or vibrate Cannot travel through a vacuum (no particles) MUST travel through a medium Acoustic waves

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Sound [2]

Output: Travels in a straight line Comprised of: Compressions = zones of high pressure Rarefactions = zones of low pressure Identified as the rhythmical cycling or oscillations of acoustic variables.

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Acoustic Variables [2]

Output: Measureable quantities whose values change as a sound wave propagates or moves through a medium. In one of the 3 acoustic variables has a rhythmic fluctuation, the wave is a sound wave.

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pressure [2]

Output: Concentration of force within an area Force/Area Units: Pascals or Pa, lbs/in^2, Atmospheres or Atm, mmHg

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Density [2]

Output: Concentration of mass within a volume Units: kg/cm^3

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Distance [2]

Output: Measure of particle motion How far the particles move in response to sound Units: cm, mm

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Propagation Properties [2]

Output: The effects the medium has on the sound wave

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Biological Effects (bioeffects) [2]

Output: The effects of sound waves on biological tissue

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Parameters that describe sound [2]

Output: Period Frequency Propagation Speed Amplitude Power Intensity Wavelength

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are some of the causes of the ischemia?

Output: Fixed coronary obstruction acute plaque change - platelet aggregation coronary thrombus vasospasm

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: Fixed coronary obstruction

Output: 90% of patients beginning of LAD and LCX entire length of RCA secondary epicardial branches rare in intramural branches

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Input: Acute plaque change

Output: rupturing or fissuring erosion or ulceration can be triggered by adrenergic stimulation moderately stenotic are most dangerous

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: Coronary thrombus

Output: can cause partial to total occlusion vessel mural thrombus can embolize - cause partial occluusion and can embolism activate smooth muscle growth related signals

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Input: Vasoconstriction

Output: adrenergic agonists platelet contetnts impaired secretion of NO mast cells causing inflamation

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is the cause of stable angina? Unstable?

Output: Stable - decreased perfusion on exertment Unstable - increasing in frequency, often at rest, due to distruption of atherosclerotic plaque with superimposed occluding thrombus harbinger of acute MI

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Input: What is Prinzmetal angina?

Output: due to coronary artery spasm episodic, at rest treat with Ca channel blocker and nitroglycerin

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What are some common risk factors with MI?

Output: Male, age, females - after menopause blacks same risk as whites

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is the pathogenesis of MI?

Output: Active plaque disruption (hemorrhage, erosion, rupture) platlets adehere to plaque site and release aggregators vasospasm extrinsic coagulation pathway

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is the myocardial response to ischemia?

Output: cesssation of glycolysis accumulation of breakdown products loss of contractility injury and arrhythmias

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: Transmural vs. subendocardial infarction

Output: Most MI's are transumural transmural - associated with coronary athersclerosis acute plaque change causes ST elevation on EKG Subendocardial inner walls difuse stenosing coronary atherosclerosis NO plaque disruption NO superimpsed thrombus from early lysed thrombus from severe prolonged hypotension Non ST elevated MI

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is the morphology process after an infarct?

Output: 12-24 hrs red-blue from trapped blood (necrosis and neutrophil infiltrate) 10 days - soft yellow 2 weeks - yellow zone inside red zone past 8 weeks - scarring past this - can't tell

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What are some treatments for MI?

Output: Thrombolysis Angioplasty with possible stent placementCoronary bypass graft

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is thrombolytic therapy and PTCA?

Output: reestablishes flow through the occluded coronary artery salvages ischemic myocytes PTCA + stent improves stenosis CABG helps perfuse tissue past plaque

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is the morphology of a reperfused myocardium?

Output: hemorrhagic microscopic contraction bands (eosinophillic bands in sync with sarcomere's) can have free radical damage myocardium may be "stunned" - take several days to regain strength

Ischcemic Heart Disease Flashcards - Cram.com

angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What are some Lab tests done to diagnose MI?

Output: CK: MM - muscle; BB - brain lungs; MB - myocardium starts 2-4 hrs/ peaks at 24/ returns by 72 (CK-MB not myocardium specific, could be skeletal) Troponins - cardiac specific rise similar to CK-MB, but may remain elevated for a week

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What are some imaging studies done to dianose MI?

Output: ECHO Radionucleotide angiography

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What might post MI contractile dysfunction lead to?

Output: hypotension pulmonary congestion cardiogenic shock

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What arrhythmias or dysrhythmia are common post MI?

Output: sinus brady asystole tachy V-vib premature Ventr. V-tach heart block

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: Consequences and Complications: Myocardial rupture

Output: 3-7 days after MI rip in necrotic/inflamed tissue Ventricular wall - most common IV septum - causes shunting papillary musce - causes mitral regurg

Ischcemic Heart Disease Flashcards - Cram.com

angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: Consequences and Complications: Pericarditis

Output: 2-3 days fibrous/hermorrhagic tissue overlying the myocardium

Ischcemic Heart Disease Flashcards - Cram.com

angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What are some infarct related complications post MI?

Output: Right ventricular infarcts infarct extension infarct expansion Mural thrombus ventricular aneurysm

Ischcemic Heart Disease Flashcards - Cram.com

angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What complications arise from large transmural infacts?

Output: cardiogenic shock arrhythmias late CHF

Ischcemic Heart Disease Flashcards - Cram.com

angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What complications arise from anterior transmural infarcts?

Output: free wall rupture, mural thrombi, aneurysm More severe clinical course

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What are the complications of inferior transmural infarcts?

Output: conduction blocks, right ventricular involvement

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is ventricular remodeling?

Output: necrotic area thins - can aneurysm non-infarcted area hypertrophys - seems good, but may lead to impairment Goal is to minimize remodeling with medication

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: WHat are the most important factors in determining prognosis post MI?

Output: quality of LV function area necrosed

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What are the preventative measures for MI?

Output: aggressive risk factor modification prevent reinfarction

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease

Output: often elderly progressive heart failure history of MI or bypass surgery cardiac decompensation of hypertrophied myocardium severe obstruction of coronary artery

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is the morphology of chronic ischemic heart disease?

Output: heart is enlarged and heavy coronary arteries severly stenosed healed infarcts usually present

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is the clinical picture of someone with chronic ischemic heart disease?

Output: previous MI Angina CHF some patients are previously silent - only present with CHF accounts for 1/2 of transplants

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What are some causes of sudden cardiac death?

Output: IHD Congenital abnormalities valvular problems myocarditis cardiomyopathy

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is the MOA of suden cardiac death?

Output: formation of a lethal arrhythmia (v-fib) #3 coronary syndrome (#1 - unstable angina, #2 MI)

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is the morphology of sudden cardiac death?

Output: most have high great stenosis (>75%) some have previous MI prognosis improved with implantation of defibrilator

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angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: What is the common pathophysiology of the acute coronary syndromes?

Output: atherosclerotic plaque disruption with thrombus formation

Ischcemic Heart Disease Flashcards - Cram.com

angina pectoris MI Chronic IHD with heart failure Sudden cardiac death


Input: fault that has moved in the last 10,000 years [FAULT]

Output: ACTIVE FAULT


Input: the ratio of slip (displacement) to the time interval over which that slip occurred [FAULT]

Output: SLIP RATE


Input: gradual displacement not accompanied by felt earthquakes. [FAULT]

Output: TECTONIC CREEP


Input: the point or area within the earth where the earthquake rupture starts [FAULT]

Output: FOCUS


Input: point on the earth's surface directly above the focus [FAULT]

Output: EPICENTER


Input: Also called compressional waves. The fastest set of earthquake vibrations. They move through the Earth in compression and expansion motions.Primary waves are able to travel through both solids and liquids. [FAULT]

Output: P WAVE


Input: also called shear waves can travel only through solid material [FAULT]

Output: S WAVE


Input: A type of seismic wave that travels along Earth's surface. Love Waves (horizontal ground movement), Rayleigh Waves (rolling motion) [FAULT]

Output: SURFACE WAVE


Input: the intensity of shaking also depends on the tupe of geologic material.the amplitude of the shaking can be increased [FAULT]

Output: MATERIAL AMPLIFICATION


Input: results when the amplitude of seismic waves increases in the direction of fault rupture [FAULT]

Output: DIRECTIVITY


Input: measure of the amount of energy released. [FAULT]

Output: RICHTER MAGNITUDE


Input: has a more sound physical base and is applicable over a wider range of ground motions that is the Richter magnitude, so it has been encouraged in reporting earthquake statistics [FAULT]

Output: MOMENT MAGNITUDE


Input: has 12 divisions of intensity based on observations concerning the severity of shaking during an earthquake [FAULT]

Output: MODIFIED MERCALLI SCALE


Input: related to a drop in elastic strain following an earthquake and re accumulation of strain prior to the next event [FAULT]

Output: EARTHQUAKE CYCLE


Input: assumes that the first stage in earthquake development is an increase of elastic strain in rocks that causes them to dilate after stress on the rock reaches one-half the rocks breaking strength. [FAULT]

Output: DILANTANCY-DIFFUSION MODEL


Input: transformation of water-saturated granular material from a solid to a liquid state. [FAULT]

Output: LIQUEFACTION


Input: A large sea wave normally produced by sudden movement of the ocean floor caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption. These waves can travel at high speeds across an ocean basin and cause great destruction when they reach land. [FAULT]

Output: TSUNAMIS


Input: areas along active fault zones that are capable of producing large earthquakes but have not produced one recently [FAULT]

Output: SEISMIC GAP


Input: fault that has exibited movement at least once in the last 50,000 years or multiple movements in the last 500,000 years [FAULT]

Output: CAPABLE FAULT


Input: believable event based on the tectonic environment historic earthquakes and paleoseismicity [FAULT]

Output: MAXIMUM CREDIBLE EARTHQUAKE


Input: earthquake risk associated with a particular area is shown on a seismic hazard map [FAULT]

Output: SEISMIC HAZARD MAP


Input: molten rocks that includes a small component of dissolved gases [FAULT]

Output: MAGMA


Input: formed by fluid lava flow (rather than explosive eruptions). flow after flow pours out in all directions from a central summit vent, or group of vents, building a broad, gently sloping dome shape, with a profile mush like that of a warriors shield. [FAULT]

Output: SHIELD VOLCANO


Input: composed mostly of feldspar and ferromagnesian minerals [FAULT]

Output: BASALT


Input: all types of volcanic debris ejected from a volcano [FAULT]

Output: TEPHRA


Input: broken fire [FAULT]

Output: PYROCLASTIC


Input: very close to the surface, but they insulate the magma, keeping it hot and fluid [FAULT]

Output: LAVA TUBE


Input: associated with a magma of intermediate silica content (about 60%) which is more viscous than the lower silicate magma of shield volcanos [FAULT]

Output: COMPOSITE VOLCANO


Input: composed mostly of soda- and lime- rich feldspar and ferromagnesian minerals with small amounts of quartz. [FAULT]

Output: ANDESITE


Input: characterized by viscous magma with a relatively high silica content (about 70%) [FAULT]

Output: VOLCANIC DOME


Input: composed of potassium and soda-rich feldspar, quartz, and minor ferromagnesian minerals [FAULT]

Output: RHYOLITE


Input: gigantic, often circular depressions resulting from explosive ejection of magma and subsequent collapse [FAULT]

Output: CALDERA


Input: groundwater that comes into contact with hot rock becomes heated, and in some cases the heated discharges at the surface [FAULT]

Output: HOT SPRINGS AND GEYSERS


Input: a collapse following very rare but extremely violent eruptions [FAULT]

Output: CALDERA ERUPTIONS


Input: basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic [FAULT]

Output: LAVA FLOW


Input: a tremendous quantity of rock fragments, natural glass fragments, and gas are blown high into the air by explosions from the volcano [FAULT]

Output: ASH FLOW


Input: explosions of gas and ash from the side of a volcano [FAULT]

Output: LATERAL BLASTS


Input: one of the most lethal aspects of volcanic eruptions. [FAULT]

Output: PYROCLASTIC FLOW


Input: produced when a large volume of loose volcanic ash and other ejecta becomes saturated and unstable and moves suddenly downslope. [FAULT]

Output: DERIS FLOW/MUDFLOW


Input: [bilateral descent] Descent

Output: the manner in which members of a society trace their kinship across generations.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] divorce

Output: the practice of dissolving a marriage

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] egalitarian family

Output: a family in which both partners share power and authority equally

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] endogamy

Output: marriage within the group or social category

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] extended family

Output: family units that include parents, chaildren, and other kin, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] exogamy

Output: marriage outside the group

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] family

Output: a cooperative arrangement in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit, and care for any newborns and children.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] family of orientation

Output: the family one is born or adopted into and where childhood socialization occurs.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] family of procreation

Output: a family one forms, often with another adult, by having or adopting children

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] homogamy

Output: the practice of marrying people with whom one shares similar characteristics or interests, such as age, education, race or ethnicity, and/or social class.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] kinship

Output: a social network of people linked by marriage, adoption, or common ancestry

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] marriage

Output: a legally recognized and/or socially approved relationship that involves two more people, carries with it certain rights and obligations, and usually involves sexual activity

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] matriarchal family

Output: a family where authority resides in the eldest female who holds power over other family members.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] matrilineal descent

Output: the practice of tracing kinship and passing along inheritance through women

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] matrilocality

Output: the practice of living with or near the wife's parents

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] monogamy

Output: a marriage uniting two people in a sexually exclusive relationship.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] nuclear family

Output: a family composed of one or two parents and their dependent children

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] patriarchal family

Output: a family in which authority resides in the eldest male who holds power over other family members.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] patrilineal descent

Output: the practice of tracing kinship and passing along inheritance through men

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] patrilocality

Output: the practice of living with or near the husband's parents.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] polyandry

Output: the marriage of one women to two or more men

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] polygamy

Output: the marriage unites three or more people.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: [bilateral descent] polygyny

Output: the marriage of one man to two or more women.

Chap 14 key terms sociology Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

the tracing of kinship and passing along of inheritance through both women and men.


Input: Peer to Peer networks.

Output: In small projects, like small office or home environments, this type of network is used.

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: They provide centralized administration, data storage, and security.

Output: What do Servers provide in a Client Server Networks?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The client system requests data from the server and displays it to the user.

Output: What is the Client role in a Client Server Network?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A linear bus network, where all the computers are linked together by a single cable called a trunk or backbone.

Output: Define "Bus Network Topology"

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A terminator might be loose.

Output: On a Bus network, what might cause a disruption in communications?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any other break in the cable other than a loose terminator.

Output: On a Bus network, what might cause the entire network segment to fail?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Star configuration

Output: In this configuration, all devices connect to a single device.

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In a complete ring, through a single network device.

Output: In a a physical ring topology, how do the computers connect?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A physical ring topology.

Output: What network topology forms a complete ring and has all machines connecting through a single network device.

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any break in the ring can distrupt the entire network.

Output: In a ring network, what can disrupt the entire network?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Every computer must be connected to every other computer individually.

Output: What are the requirements in a mesh network topology?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Output: What is the formula for determining the number of connections required for a mesh network?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A mesh network.

Output: Every computer must be connected to every other computer individually in this type of network.

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A wireless infrastructure.

Output: A WAP is used in what kind of is used in what kind of network infrastructure?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Peer to peer.

Output: Ad hoc wireless networks are what kind of network?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Carrier sense multiple access / collision detection

Output: What does CSMA/CD stand for?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In 802.3, or ethernet

Output: Where is the CSMA/CD protocol used?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Ethernet

Output: What is the 802.3 protocol?


Input: Token Ring

Output: What is the 802.5 protocol?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Output: What is identification number for a token ring?


Input: Fluorescent lights or CRT monitors.

Output: Where can EMI come from?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: EMI

Output: Fluorescent lights can cause what kind of interference?


Output: What is the identification number for a wireless network?


Input: Copper cabling

Output: What kind of media is prone to EMI?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When two cables or wires within a cable are close enough and interfere with each other.

Output: When can crosstalk occur?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Signals weaken as they travel over long distances.

Output: What is attenuation?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Attenuation.

Output: What is it called when signals weaken as they travel over long distances?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Half duplex can only send OR receive at any given time. Full duplex can do both simultaneously.

Output: What is the different between full and half duplex?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 200 Mbps

Output: What speed can a full duplex connection run at on a 100Mbps network?

Network+ Media and Topolgies Study Guide Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Individuals who are about the same age or level of maturity [1]

Output: Peer


Input: [2] A group of people born around the same time in the same place [1]

Output: Cohort


Input: [2] Boys: increase time alone Girls: increase time with peers [1]

Output: How do boys and girls differ nthe want hey spend time away from family?


Input: [2] Begin hanging out with larger groups. Groups are no longer defined by what they are doing (sports etc), but by more psychological factors. [1]

Output: How are adolescent friendships different from childhood friendships?


Input: [2] Created through the modern public school systems no child labor laws [1]

Output: General trend for age segregation


Input: [2] Peers? [1]

Output: Social rank in a group


Input: [2] Provided by peer groups--upward and downward comparison [1]

Output: Social comparison


Input: [2] Groups of student's with similar interests Graph shows fringe members belonging to various groups [1]

Output: How do cliques work?


Input: [2] It seems to be a volantarry seggregation [1]

Output: How do adolescent groups segregate on race?


Input: [2] Larg and looser groups --share common characteristics but may not interact with one another [1]

Output: Crowds


Input: [2] Outgroup homogeneity bias [1]

Output: The perception that teens in other groups are all alike


Input: [2] A change in behavior or attitudes brought by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of others [1]

Output: Conformity


Input: [2] Informational social influence Normative social influence [1]

Output: 2 types of social pressure


Input: [2] Everyday social matters: television, music,books More likely to follow parents on beliefs and objective matters [1]

Output: What issues to teens conform to?


Input: [2] Popular, controversial, rejected, neglected [1]

Output: Peer status categories


Input: [2] Mostly liked, high status [1]

Output: Popular peer status


Input: [2] Liked by some, disliked by others High status [1]

Output: Controvrsial peer status


Input: [2] Uniformly disliked Low status [1]

Output: Rejected peer status


Input: [2] Neither liked nor disliked Low status [1]

Output: Neglected peer status


Input: [2] Popular and controversial [1]

Output: Which peer status category leads to the best psychological outcome?


Input: [2] Lead to academic problems, loneliness, depression, and behavior problems [1]

Output: What are effects of rejection?


Input: [2] In some cases rejection rests on the students' inability to accurately interpret the meaning of their peers behaviors [1]

Output: Why does rejection happen?


Input: [2] The feeling of emotional closeness and interconnectedness with another person [1]

Output: Intimacy


Input: [2] Strong same sex bond were needed before building bonds with the opposite sex [1]

Output: Sulivan's basis for successful opposite-sex relationships


Input: [2] Male: identity before intimacy Female: intimacy before identity [1]

Output: Erikson's order of intimacy and identity


Input: [2] Sequence is not as important as acknowledging the link to adolescence [1]

Output: Current research on intimacy


Input: [2] Intimacy and loyalty are a key Need fulfillment, emotional attachment, interdependence [1]

Output: Adolescence view on friendship


Input: [2] Companionship Stimulation Physical support Psychological support Social comparison A safe environment Intimacy and affection [1]

Output: What roles do teens play in their friendships with one another?


Input: [2] Better adjusted emotionally [1]

Output: Benefit of high quality friendship


Input: [2] Conversation In which information about the self is exchanged with others [1]

Output: Self-disclosure


Input: [2] Leads to increased intimacy Descriptive self-disclosure: facts Evaluative set-disclosure: feelings [1]

Output: Role of self-disclosure


Input: [2] Learn to manage conflicts and control anger Develop conflict-management skills [1]

Output: Importnce of conflict in friendships


Input: [2] Similarity Reciprocity Proximity Gender [1]

Output: Some ways to make friends with peers


Input: [2] Lonliness in which adolescents suffer from a lack of frien, associates, or relatives [1]

Output: Social isolation


Input: [2] Lonliness in which adolescents feel a lack of deep emotional attachment to one specific person [1]

Output: Emotional isolation


Input: [2] Individual-choice courtship in which boys and girls pair off together as couples in committed relationships [1]

Output: Dating


Input: [2] A more ambiguous term which may imply short term relationship or physical encounter [1]

Output: Hooking up


Input: [2] It can build status and prestige Provides a recreational quality to life Helps build identities [1]

Output: What does dating fulfill for teens?


Input: [2] Cognitive models of what behavior and expectations are appropriate and inappropriate within the context of dating relationships [1]

Output: Dating scripts


Input: [2] Learned from peers, family, mass media [1]

Output: How are dating scripts formed?


Input: [2] Maturation [1]

Output: Why is sex central to teen's lives


Input: [2] The brain [1]

Output: What influences sexual arousal the most?


Input: [2] 80% [1]

Output: What percent of tens have had sex before the age of 20?


Input: [2] Societal rules-- group rules [1]

Output: What are norms?


Input: [2] The gender a person believes he/she is psychologically [1]

Output: What is gender identity?


Input: [2] A mix of environmental and genetic factors [1]

Output: How do experts explain homosexuality?


Input: [2] Authoritative/ supportive [1]

Output: What parenting style is associated with teens waiting longer to have sex?


Input: [2] Lack of knowledge Unrealistic views of sex [1]

Output: What are the reasons teens fail to use contraceptives?


Input: [2] Withdrawal [1]

Output: What is ether least effective method of contraception?


Input: [2] U.S. [1]

Output: What country has the highest teen pregnancy rate?


Input: [2] Provide a sense if identity to a group Accountability [1]

Output: Why might virginity pledges work?


Input: [2] 1 in 4 [1]

Output: How many teens contact a STI before graduation?


Input: [2] Unwanted sexual attention The creation of a hostile or abusive environment Or explicit corsion to engage in unwanted sexual activity [1]

Output: Sexual harassment


Input: [2] Different classes, techs, students, larger class sizes, larger school [1]

Output: Why is the transition from elementary to middle a challenge?


Input: [2] Every aspect of the student-- not just the academic side [1]

Output: What is the whole child?