Input: [What is an attitude?] Explain the parallels in self regulation theory and psychoanalysis using the hierarchy system and psychoanalysis.

Output: When high level control is not exerted, low level control takes an impulse and automatic form of response to the environment much like the ID The Program control relates to the Ego The Principal control relates to the SuperEgo

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: [What is an attitude?] What is the perceptual defense?

Output: A cognitive process of denial and repression or forgetting use to cope with threats or stress

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: [What is an attitude?] What are the two links between Cognitive and Psychoanalytic perspectives proposed by Erdelyi?

Output: -Filtering process of information related to stress (defense mechanisms) -Levels of processing are similar to the topography of the mind (conscious and preconscious) -Distortions of the mind are similar to biases in processing

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: [What is an attitude?] Explain transference effects found in psychoanalysis through the cognitive perspective.

Output: During therapy evoked memories partially activate schemas associated with behavior, this in turn induces the individual to act on that script due it's partial activation.

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: [What is an attitude?] In what areas do social learning, cognition and self regulation all overlap?

Output: The cognitive Process Goal orientation or incentives

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: [What is an attitude?] In what way do social learning, cognition and self regulation differ in using cognitive processes (theory wise)

Output: Social learning: cognition includes mental representation and how this transforms the personality, each person has a different one Cognitive: Cognition is the central process to all of personality Self regulation: Cognition's role in determining what and how behaviors are made and executed

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: [What is an attitude?] How did Bandura define reinforcers?

Output: Reinforcers created expectancies to what actions will be useful in certain situations

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: [What is an attitude?] Name two areas of similarity between Maslows Hierarchy (Self actualization) and Self regulation theory's hierarchies.

Output: The highest levels are more abstract and integrate into the lower levels easily The lowest levels require the most attention because troubles to accomplish these hinder performance on higher levels

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: [What is an attitude?] The concepts of real self and idealized self are predominant in what two perspective?

Output: Self actualization Self regulation Both theories also include a "comparator" to contrast ideal and real selves

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: [What is an attitude?] What perspectives assume an personality as an long lasting disposition or permanent aspects of human personality?

Output: Trait Motive Genetic Psychoanalytic Psychosocial Optionally: Learning (in that self efficacy increases ability to learn) and Self regulation (in that level of self reflectivity increases self regulation)

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: [What is an attitude?] What are the two fundamental issues or concepts that are examined in all personality perspectives?

Output: That of Restraint Vs. Impulse That of Individual Vs. Group needs

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

When people decide whether to do something, they weigh the options, the resulting answer for what the outcome is and it's desirability forms an atitude about the behavior.


Input: no a priori predictions about how variables should look; [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Exploratory

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: see if variables confirm your predictions about variable structure [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Confirmatory

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Input: Objectives of Factor Analysis - How objectives fit with the RQ Specify Unit of Analysis Factor Analysis Outcomes Variable Selection [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Stage 1

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Input: R Factor vs. Q Factor R Factor identifies latent variables (not easily observed) Q is used to reduce people into groups [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Unit of Analysis

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Input: Dimensions that describe data in a small number of concepts [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Factor Analysis Outcomes: Data Summarization

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Input: Extends summarization by providing factor score for each dimension (factor) [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Data Reduction

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Input: Use appropriate judgement Dont get garbage in, garbage out [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Variable Selection

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Input: Calculate input data - R vs. Q Variable selection - mostly metric ~ 5 metrics for proposed dimensions Sample Size - 50 minimum; 100 to 200 preferred 5x as many subjects as proposed variables 10:1; 20:1 is better [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Stage 2: Designing a Factor Analysis Rules of Thumb

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Input: Some structure does exist Patterns are appropriate Homogeneous sample [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Stage 3: Assumptions Conceptual

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Input: Normality Multicolinearity is desired - Should be > .30 - Partial correlations > .7 are awesome [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: EFA Assumptions Statistical

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Input: Predicts if data is likely to factor well based on correlation and partial correlation - Identify which factors to drop [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: KMO Statistic

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Input: > .5 is required to proceed > .7 or .8 is very good If <.5, remove variable with lowest KMO score one at a time until KMO scores are > .5 [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: KMO Rules of Thumb

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Input: Examines entire correlation matrix Stat. sig. at p < .05, meaning correlations exist among the variables [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Bartlett Sphericity

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Input: Select Factor Method Determining number of Factors [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Stage 4: Deriving Factors and Assessing Fit

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Input: 30 or more variables > .6 communality number - Use component analysis when data reduction is necessary - Common factor occurs for more theoretical basis [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Selecting Factors RULE OF THUMB

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Input: eigenvalues > 1.0 scree test for common variance enough to meet specified common variance (usually >.6) [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Determining number of factors RULE OF THUMB

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Input: - Examine the factor loadings - Identify highest loading - Delete cross-loadings - Assess communalities (remove <.5) - Label the factors [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Interpreting the Factors Steps

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Input: Estimate the factor matrix: - Examine factor loadings - correlation of each variable and the factor - • Higher loadings = representative of factor [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Process of Interpretation

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Input: Reference axes are turned about the origin until other position is reached. Graphical way to see what factors correlate with what factors -Oblique Rotation - not maintained at 90 degrees Orthogonal Rotation - 90 degrees QUARTIMAX – simplifies rows • Maximizing a variables loading on a single factor VARIMAX – simplifies columns (better results) • Making # of high loadings as few as possible • EQUIMAX - combination Orthogonal Rotation - 90 degrees [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Factor Rotation

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Input: +- > .5 are considered practically significant (consult literature for specific discipline) Loadings > 1.7 indicative of well defined structure Sample Size should be > 100 for practical significance [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Factor Loading Criteria

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Input: Confirmatory perspective - Split the Sample, or analyze with separate sample Assess factor structure stability - look at sample size and the number of cases per variable Detect influential observations [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Validation of Factor Analysis

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Select variable with highest loading factor as a surrogate representative for a particular factor dimension Replace original variables with small set of variables created from summated scales - >.7 cronbachas alpha convergent validity - like other scales discriminate - differ from other like scales nomological valid - like the theory that shaped it [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Additional Uses of Factor Analysis Results

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Input: Help with a basic understanding of data and the relationships between variables To ensure the data has met all the requirements for the analysis (assumptions, outliers) [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Why Examine Data?

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Assess whether data was entered correctly. Could check data against original data. [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: First Step to Managing Data

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Histogram - determines shape of distribution Scatterplot - linear or curvlinear relationship between 2 variables Boxplot - group differences [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Graphical Examination of Data

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Input: identify the patterns associated with missing data to understand how missing data is missing [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Missing Data

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Input: Can reduce sample size Can distort results and introduce bias [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Impact of missing data

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Input: Dummy code variable - one group with missing and one group with none T-Test other variables as the DV against the missing ones If no difference, feel safe deleting values If difference, there are steps to take [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: If no Pattern is found,

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Input: Replace values with numbers from prior knowledge or educated guess replace values with variable mean Replace with group mean. little reduction in validity Use regression to predict missing values [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: If pattern, or too many missing data

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Determine type of missing data - Ignorable (delete) - Nonignorable (dont delete) [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Identifying missing data

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Input: 10% ignored, except in nonrandom fashion ii. Always see if cases with no missing data must be sufficient to run the analysis iii. >= 15% are candidates for deletion iv. >50% delete data, unless variable is essential to model [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Determine Extent of Missing Data

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Missing at Random (MAR - not random) i. Missing values of Y depend on X, but not on Y. i.e., one gender is significantly different than another b. Missing Completely at Random (MCAR) i. Cases with missing data are indistinguishable from cases with complete data. [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Diagnose the Randomness of the Missing Data Processes

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: MAR data process – apply specific modeling approach (EM approach) b. MCAR – i. use only valid data – Listwise method, Parwise (all available data) ii. replacement values – case substitution, hot or cold deck, mean substitution, [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Select the Imputation Method (estimating the missing values based on the available values)

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: i. < 10%, any imputation method can be applied ii. 10% - 20% - all available, hot deck, regression iii. > 20% regression method for MCAR, model method for MAR [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Imputation Method Rules of Thumb

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Input: 1. Determine the Type of Missing Data (ig. or not) 2. Determine the Extent of the Missing Data 3. Diagnose the Randomness of the Missing Data Processes 4. Select the Imputation Method (estimating the missing values based on the available values) [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Steps to Identify Missing Data

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • distinct difference from other observations/responses • Is the observation/response representative of the population? • Check for both univariate and multivariate outliers [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Outliers

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Data entry mistake • Missing value code not specified • Outlier not a part of population • Part of population, but is extreme: o Delete, change to fit normality but still keep extreme, transform (if normality is met) [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Reasons for Outliers

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • 80 subjects or fewer, outliers are defined at standard scores > 2.5 • Larger samples, 4 standard scores • 2.5 to 4 SDs, if standard scores are not used [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Identifying Outliers - Standard Score Rules

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: If you have a dichotomous variable with an extremely uneven split (i.e. 90 – 10 split, 90% say yes and 10% say no) this will produce an outlier. The only fix for this is to delete the variable. [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: • 90-10 split

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: very large standardized scores (z scores greater than 3.3) and that are disconnected from the distribution [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: • Univariate outliers

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: specific variable relationships – scatterplots with confidence intervals [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: • Bivariate outliers

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: are found by first computing a Mahalanobis Distance for each case and once that is done the Mahalanobis scores are screened in the same manner that univariate outliers are screened [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: • Multivariate Outliers

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Normality - Skewness and Kurtosis Homoscadasity Homogeneity of Variance Homogeneity of Variance-Covariance Matrices [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Assumptions

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: shape of the data distribution and its correspondence to a normal distribution • Skewness – the balance or the shift of the distribution. Can be positive (left shift) or negative (right shift). o Must be between -1 and 1 • Kurtosis – peaked or flat distribution is. o Must be less than 8 [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Normality

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the balance or the shift of the distribution. Can be positive (left shift) or negative (right shift). o Must be between -1 and 1 [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Skewness

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: peaked or flat distribution is. o Must be less than 8 [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Kurtosis

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Equal variances across independent variables • if both variables are normally distributed than you should have homoscedasticity [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Homoscedasticity

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Input: variance in DV is expected to be the same for all levels of the IV. • Important for grouped data • SPSS gives the Levene’s test as a measure of homogeneity of variance. • Above .05, heterogeneous [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Homogeneity of Variance

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: used for multivariate tests • an entry in a variance-covariance matrix using one DV should be similar to the same entry in a matrix using another DV. • formal test for this in SPSS is Box’s M [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Homogeneity of Variance-Covariance Matrices

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Done to: o Correct violations to assumptions o Improve correlations between variables recommended as a last resort only because of the added difficulty of interpreting a transformed variable • Common Transformations: • 1) square root, used when there is moderate skewness/ deviation, • 2) logarithm, used when there substantial skewness/ deviation and • 3) inverse, used when there is extreme skewness/ deviation [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Data Transformations

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Input: • impact of transformation – calculate ratio of variable’s mean to its SD o noticeable effects occur when ratio is < 4 • applied to IV, except when doing them for heteroscadacity • use variables in untransformed format when interpreting results [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Transformation RULES OF THUMB

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Input: • If you have a correlation between two variables that is .90 or greater [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Multicollinearity

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Input: two variables are identical or one is a subscale of another they are singular [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Singularity

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Input: • nonmetric IV that has two (or more) distinct levels that are coded 0 and 1 • act as replacement variables so that nonmetric variables can be used as metric [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Dummy Variables

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Analysis of single variables in a single relationship of set of relationships • Used for measurement, predicting and explaining, and testing hypotheses [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: What is Multivariate Analysis?

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Linear combo of variables with empirically determined weights • Every subject has a variate value (Y’), which is the dependent variable, or the linear combination of the entire set of variables [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Variate

Multivariate - Examining Data and EFA Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: (Qualitative) o Nominal – labels/categories (i.e., occupation, gender, class rank) o Ordinal – ordered variable with specific order (i.e., first place, second place). Relative positions in ordered series. Distances are not equal and cannot be determined. (i.e., 7 point scale) [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: • Nonmetric Scales

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Input: Quantitative) o Interval – No natural zero point; equal differences between scale points (temperature) o Ratio – natural zero point (i.e., money or weight) [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Metric Scales

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Input: • Degree to which the observed values do not represent the true values. • Caused by: o Data entry, imprecise measurement scales [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Measurement Error

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Input: o Degree to which measure accurately represents what it is supposed to represent • Measuring total income by asking for disposable income [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Validity

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Input: o Degree to which measure accurately represents true value AND is error free • If repeated measures of a variable are consistent, they are reliable [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: • Reliability

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Input: o Probability of rejecting null hypothesis when it is true alpha, usually .05 [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Type 1 Error

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Input: o Probability of failing to reject a null hypothesis when it is false. Chance of not finding correlation when there is a correlation. Beta. [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: • Type 2 Error

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Input: o Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false. Correctly finding a hypothesized relationship when one exists. 1 – Beta o About .8 or higher [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: • Power

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Input: • Sample Size – Increase sample size, increase power • Alpha Value – increase alpha, power increases. • Effect Size - The magnitude of the effect of interest. Whether the correlation between variables, or the observed relationship is meaningful. • Small effect sizes require larger sample sizes [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Power Determined by:

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Input: • Establish both practical significance (“So What?”) and statistical significance • Recognize that sample size affects all results o Power, effect size, no generalizability (small sample size), find anything (large sample size - > 400) • Know Your Data. o Outliers, Assumptions, Missing Data • Strive for Model Parsimony o Don’t put in irrelevant variables, which could lead to multicollineraity (degree to which any variables effect can be attributed to other variables) • Look at Your Errors o Assess the validity of measurement; unexplained relationships • Validate Results o Results could be specific to the sample o Split sample into two subsamples and re-run analysis o Get separate sample o Employ bootstrapping, which is large number of subsamples from the samples [Exploratory Factor Analysis]

Output: Guidelines for Multivariate Analysis

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Input: teichoic acid present thick layer of peptidoglycan

Output: gram positive cell walls

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: Procaryotes

Output: contains 70s ribosomes flagella composed of packets of protein called flagellin contain no membrane

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: peptoglycan

Output: molecules composed of alternating molecules of NAG and NAM with amino acid bridging


Input: eukaryotes

Output: contains two large homologous chromosomes divides by simple mitosis


Input: prokaryotic cell membrane

Output: proteins act as enzymes to catalyze reactions mostly a bilayer of phospholipids proteins form channels may act as a selective barrier

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: cell membrane moves down between replicated DNA, peptidogycan is deposited between membranes, terminal spore is seen at the end of the bacillus, germination creates one bacteria,

Output: which are correct about sporogenesis in bacteria

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: single flagella arrangement at each pole of the bacteria

Output: amphitrichous

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: one flagella at the end of bacteria

Output: monotrichous

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: two or more flagella at the end of bacteria

Output: lophotrichous

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: all around the flagella of bacteria

Output: peritrichous

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: capsule

Output: A mucopolysaccaride that protects the bacteria from phagocytic cells in the body


Input: staphylococci

Output: cluster of cocci

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: ribosome

Output: organelle that both eucaryotic and procaryotic cells


Input: Mycoplasma

Output: genera contains no cell wall


Input: Pentose phosphate

Output: pathway for producing riboses and deoxyriboses from glucose

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: Pyruvate acid

Output: Glycolysis end product is

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: does not req. oxygen, generates net two ATP's per glucose, occurs in the cytoplasm, end product of two molecules of pyruvic acid, produes 2NADH's per glucose

Output: Glycolysis

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: isomeres

Output: two molecules with the same atoms but a different arrangement of the atom are


Input: activation

Output: amount of energy req. for chemical reaction to occur


Input: substrate phosphorylation

Output: PEP phosphoenolpyruvic acid to pyruvic acid best illustrates which phosphorylation

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: coenzyme

Output: organic molecule that can supplement or attach to the active site so the substrate can fit


Input: lyase

Output: enzyme that removes atoms without water


Input: active site

Output: the competitive inhibitor bonds with the

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: catabolic-lg. molecule breaks down to sm. molecules

Output: glucose to pyruvic acid, glucose to CO2 and water, fats(lipid) to fatty acids and glycerol can be describe by

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: Hook

Output: who coin the word "cell"


Input: Janssen

Output: the first microscope was used by


Input: developed sewer system, developed tech. in food perservation, constructed aquaducts

Output: Roman culture did what?

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: promoted boiling of water,

Output: Greeks culture did what

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: developed applications of chemotherapy,

Output: Egyptian culture did what

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: developed isolation of sick people,

Output: Hebrew culture did what

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: Linneaus

Output: who developed scientific nomenclature


Input: 15 billion years ago

Output: The big bang occured about

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: ferment a variety of products like acetone, play a role as decomposers, play a role in production of a variety of foods, make drugs like insulin

Output: bacteria and other microorganisms have the ability to

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: mycolgy

Output: study of fungi is called


Input: sum of the chemical reactions in an organism all the chemical reactions in the cell

Output: metabolism

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: small molecule becomes a large molecule uses energy

Output: anabolic

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: involves breaking up water bond

Output: hydolysis

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: addition of a phosphate to a chemical compound

Output: phosphorylation

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: addition of a CO2

Output: carboxylation

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: removal of a CO2

Output: decarboxylation

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: speed up the chemical reaction lowering the amt.of energy

Output: enzymes

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: unchanged enzyme

Output: product

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: non protein, organic molecules derived from vitamins, allow an awkward substate to fit into an active site

Output: coenzymes

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: coezymes

Output: NAD, NADP, FAD, CoA are examples of


Input: joining of molecules uses ATP building RNA, DNA, and req. energy

Output: ligase

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: series of biochemical reaction each catalysis by a enzyme

Output: metabolic pathway

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: ATP

Output: phosphorylation of ADP generated by


Input: Pseudomoas, Rhizobium, Agrobacteria, bacteria don't have the energy to make glycose, produce one ATP, will have 2 Pyruvic acid

Output: Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: occurs in the cytoplasm, end product is 2 Pyruvic acid, no oxygen, net of 2 ATP's

Output: metabolic pathway

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: Pentose phosphate pathway

Output: operates simultaneously with glycolysis and provided a means for the breakdown of pentose glucose, nucleic acid, carbonioxide, certain amino acid, certain amino acids

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: small molecule converts to a large molecule, another term for anabolism

Output: biosythesis

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: the process by which ATP is formed through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that occur during the final phase of respiration

Output: oxidative-phosporlylation

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: cytoplasm

Output: glycosis takes place in


Input: 1 ATP 36 ATP's

Output: 2 pyruvate acid= 1 glucose=

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: 3 ATP's

Output: NADH=

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: found in the inner membrane of michodrial or inner membrane of bacteria, cytochomes and FMN are going to carry electrons

Output: electron transport chain or ETC

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: NADH and FADH2

Output: Krebs cycle generates

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: fermentation

Output: no oxygen, a bunch of NADH's and FADH2 will build up and the NADH will act as a noncopetive inhibitor and shut down the Krebs cycle leaving only Pyrvic acid and the glycolysis will give up the Pyrvic acid

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: Pyruvic acid---------->Lactic acid, NADH is oxidized and Pyruvic acid is reduced.

Output: fermentation

Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5 Flashcards - Cram.com

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls


Input: Pasteur

Output: found the right temp. to kill the bad microbe so wine won't spoil, saved the wine Industry in France, believed another silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan, came up with the treatment of rabies, cholera vaccine, showed microbes in the air can spoil food and cause animal diseases


Input: Bassi

Output: showed that a silkworm disease was caused by a fungus.


Input: Semmelweis

Output: rule to wash hands with a lime solution


Input: Lister

Output: phenol was sprayed as a disinfective on bandages


Input: Koch

Output: discovered causes of cholera, TB, a specific microbe causes a specific disease, isolation technique, anthrax, use a agar stain isolation


Input: -sympathetic postganglionic -superior cervical ganglion -ptosis + miosis

Output: Horner’s syndrome: damage to ___ fibers from the ___, resulting in ___

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -drooping upper lid -Müller’s -sweating -small, constricted -sphincter pupillae

Output: Horner’s Syndrome: Classic syndrome Ptosis – ___ because of paralysis of ___ muscle Anhidrosis – loss of ___ on the affected side Miosis – ___ pupil due to unopposed action of ___ muscle

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -Parasympathetic -reduces -thickens -constrict -presbyopia

Output: The Accomodation Reflex: ___ axons contract ciliary muscles. This ___ tension on the zonule fibers. The lens ___, its normal state. Pupils ___ as well. In ___, lens can no longer thicken because it loses its flexibility. Cannot focus on near objects.

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -opacity -advancing age -draws water into the region and causes cataracts -diabetic myopia s. 35

Output: Cataracts: A cataract is an ___ of the lens. Cataracts are typically associated with ___. In persons with diabetes mellitus, high glucose or sorbitol levels in the lens stroma ___. It can also thicken the lens causing ___.

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -absorb light and prevent reflection -vitamin A, a rhodopsin precursor -phagocytose -retinitis pigmentosa

Output: The Pigmented Epithelium layer of the retina: single layer of polygonal cells - has three important functions: 1. acts to ___ that would distort vision. 2. the storage and release of ___ 3. ___ the turned-over membrane from the photoreceptor lamellae failure of the pigmented epithelium to remove the membranous debris from the photoreceptor lamellae has been implicated in hereditary retinal dystrophy in rats and may be involved in the human disease ___.

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -retinal ganglion -blindness

Output: Embolic occlusion of central retinal artery: Small pieces of atherosclerotic plaques or clots from other origins can travel to the central retinal artery and occlude it. Occlusion of the central retinal artery causes ischemic death of the ___ cells [in the 3rd most inner layer of the retina] and consequent ___.

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -90 -1.8 -10 -0.2

Output: Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD): Two types of age-related macular degeneration Both separate the photoreceptors from their blood supply 1. Dry ARMD Approximately ___ percent of patients with ARMD About ___ million in US 2. Wet ARMD Approximately ___ percent of patients with ARMD Most severe Greatest vision loss ___ million in US

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -Bruch’s membrane of choriod and the pigmented epithelium of retina s. 52 ,53

Output: Dry ARMD: Drusen is an accumulation of material between ___.

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -vessels -photoreceptors from their blood supply s. 54

Output: Wet ARMD: New ___ push up against the pigmented epithelium and cause further separation of ___.

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -central visual field -ARMD

Output: Amsler charts, a set of charts showing various geometric patterns in black and white, e.g., grids or parallel lines, used for detecting defects of the ___, e.g. ___

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -invaginated optic vesicle -pigmented epithelium and the photoreceptors -oxygen and nutrients -die s. 57

Output: Detached Retina: The differential blood supply of the retina results from the way the retina develops from an ___ Detachment occurs between the ___. When this happens, the photoreceptors are deprived of ___ and will ___.

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -Increased intracranial pressure -optic disc or papilla s. 58

Output: Papilledema: ___ causes the ___ to bulge into the eye.

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -blindness -myopia (nearsightedness) and diabetes mellitus -normal -slow blockage of the canal of Schlemm s. 63

Output: Glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma: most common type and is a major cause of ___ Persons with ___ are more likely to develop primary open angle glaucoma. angle of the anterior chamber appears ___. caused by ___. slow, insidious problem and goes unnoticed by the patient defects can ultimately be detected in the visual field.

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -blocked by the iris -constricted (miotic) -dilates (mydriasis) -ocular pain, blurred vision and appearance of halos or rings around lights s. 64

Output: Glaucoma, primary closed-angle (narrow-angle): rarer angle of the anterior chamber is ___ when the pupil is ___, the iris is flattened and stretched and the angle is open when the pupil ___ the angle is blocked closed-angle glaucoma has a rapid progression, i.e. sudden onset, and is an emergency situation presents as ___

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -intraocular -Pale -enlarged -retinal atrophy and neuronal death s. 65

Output: Optic Cupping: Increased ___ Pressure ___ colored optic disc Disc appears ___ Can lead to ___

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -Hyalocytes -retina

Output: Vitreal Body: ___ synthesis collagen fibrils and glycosaminoglycans Helps maintain ___ in its appropriate position

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -vitreous -proteins -serious eye disease

Output: Floaters: Deposits in the ___ Probably aggregates of vitreal ___ Normally not noticeable, but can be seen if one stares at a white ceiling of wall without trying to focus Floaters seen as fine dust-like particles moving about Typically benign and do not interfere with vision Sudden appearance of many floaters can indicate ___

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: -maintain the shape of the eye and keep the retina in its appropriate position -Vitrectomy -saline s. 69

Output: Loss of Vitreous Humor: Lost vitreous humor must be replaced to ___ ___ is the removal of cloudy or bloody vitreous humor Vitreous is replaced with ___

50The Orbit and The Eye Flashcards - Cram.com

Fixed and dilated pupils: Pupils are dilated and do not respond to ___ Unopposed action of the ___ muscle which is innervated by ___ Indicates possible ___ damage involving the region of the ___ Complete injury causes a ___


Input: 1. Upper draining air 2. Lower draining fluid

Output: During open heart surgery in child, where will chest tubes be and drain what?

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Hyperacute Acute Chronic

Output: Rejection after cardiac transplant can occur in what forms?

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Structural or functional abnormality of the ventricular myocardium that occurs after an infection & results in severe dilation of the left or both ventricles.

Output: Cardiomyopothy

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Respiratory Failure

Output: What is the most frequent cause of cardiac arrest in a child?

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Tachycardia

Output: What is the first sign of CHF in a kid?

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Endocarditis = infection of the valves of the heart, generally caused by strep. Dyslipidemia = condition involving increased fatty acid level in the blood. Polycythemia = an extreme increase in RBC's in an attempt to increase tissue oxygenation.

Output: Endocarditis Dyslipidemia Polycythemia

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Patent Ductus Arteriosus = left-to-right shunting of blood due to connection of the pulmonary artery to the aorta. Postperfusion Syndrome = fever, splenomegaly, general malaise, and a maculopapular rash that occurs after open heart surgery. Chest Radiography = study that furnishes an accurate picture of the heart size & contour & size of the heart chambers.

Output: Patent Ductus Arteriosus Postperfusion Syndrome Chest Radiography

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Atrial Septal Defect = abnormal communication between the two atria where blood flows from left to right. Phonocardiography = a diagram of heart sounds translated into electrical energy by a microphone placed on the child's chest. Echocardiography = an ultrasound produced by high-frequency sound waves used to locate & study the movements & dimensions of cardiac structures.

Output: Atrial Septal Defect Phonocardiography Echocardiography

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Pulmonic Stenosis = condition that involves a narrowing of the pulmonary valve. Truncus Arteriosus = one major artery arises from the left & right ventricles instead of separate vessels. Heart Failure = condition resulting when the myocardium of the heart cannot circulate & pump enough blood to supply the tissues of the body.

Output: Pulmonic Stenosis Truncus Arteriosus Heart Failure

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Kawasaki Disease = condition resulting when the myocardium of the heart cannot circulate & pump enough blood to supply the tissues of the body. Calcium Chloride = agent used to increased heart contractility, possibly in place of epinephrine; contraindication for patients with digitalis toxicity. Rheumatic Fever = autoimmune condition that typically results manifested a wide pulse pressure and systolic-diastolic murmur.

Output: Kawasaki Disease Calcium Chloride Rheumatic Fever

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Acyanotic Heart Disease = heart or circulatory anomalies that involve either a stricture to the flow of blood or a shunt that moves blood from the arterial to the venous system (L-t-R shunt) Afterload = the resistance against which the cardiac ventricles must pump. Balloon Angioplasty = procedure by way of cardiac catheterization. balloon tip is inserted to stenosed valve. balloon inflated, it breaks valve adhesions and may relieve stenosis.

Output: Acyanotic Heart Disease Afterload Balloon Angioplasty

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Cardiac Catheterization = small radiopaque cath is passed through major vein in the arm, leg/neck into the heart to secure blood samples or inject dye to evaluate cardiac function. CHF = myocardium of the heart cannot pump & circulate enough blood. Contractility = ability of the ventricles to stretch

Output: Cardiac Catheterization CHF Contractility

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Cyanotic Heart Disease = blood is shunted fromt eh venous to the arterial system as the result of abnormal communication between the two. (R-t-L shunting)

Output: Cyanotic Heart Disease

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Innocent Heart Murmur = heart murmur of no significance. Organic Heart Murmur = murmur occurring as the result of heart disease or a congenital defect.

Output: Innocent Heart Murmur Organic Heart Murmur

Peds Ch 41 Cardiovascular Flashcards - Cram.com

Newborns & infants w/ heart disease are commonly brought to ED for what?


Input: Personal Orientation. [What is an attitude?]

Output: When an attitude stems from your own wants, what is it called?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The combination of what others want you to do and how much it matters to the individual. [What is an attitude?]

Output: Subjective norms, what are they?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Attitudes + Subjective Norms = Intentions [What is an attitude?]

Output: Azjen and Fishbein proposed a mental algebra for Intentions. What is the formula?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A person tries Harder A person is more persistent A person concentrates more [What is an attitude?]

Output: Why do specific high level goals lead to better performance? (3 Reasons)

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Goal Intention Implementation Intention [What is an attitude?]

Output: Intention can be divided into two processes, what are they?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: By making situational cues recognizable, thus allowing for awareness of cue to strategy to action [What is an attitude?]

Output: How do Implementation Intentions work on schemas?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Deliberative Mindset (the formation of) Implemental Mindset (the execution of) [What is an attitude?]

Output: What are the two mindsets used to form and execute intentions?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The Frontal Cortex [What is an attitude?]

Output: Where is the Deliberative Mindset thought to exist in the anatomical brain?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Goal setting: Setting Value (Goal) Input: Observation of present behavior Comparator: Compares Goal and input Output: Changes in behavior to fit goal [What is an attitude?]

Output: What are the four parts of the negative feedback loop and what are their functions?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Control System [What is an attitude?]

Output: Another name for the feedback loop?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An audience A mirror A Tv Camera They all activate the comparator [What is an attitude?]

Output: What are some stimuli that direct attention to the self and how do they effect the feedback loop?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: At the Output node, behavior is adjust to have lower level loops. [What is an attitude?]

Output: In a hierarchical organization of the feedback loop, where do lower level loops connect to the higher level loops?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: System Concept: abstract ideal Principal: broad guidelines Program: behavioral scripts [What is an attitude?]

Output: In Power's theory of hierarchical Organization of feedback loops, what are the three divisions of System Concepts?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lower level and they are disconnected from the upper level goals [What is an attitude?]

Output: At what level do functionally superordinate goals function?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How one perceives an action as to concrete or abstract (normally on a scale). Concrete goals are more easy to accomplish= brushing my teeth compared to i have to whiten them [What is an attitude?]

Output: Define action identification?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The further into the future a goal is, the more abstract it becomes and vice versa [What is an attitude?]

Output: How do abstract and concrete goals relate on a time scale (present/future)

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An internal call to rearrange priorities. Ex: Anxiety=goals of well being in danger Anger = autonomy is threatened [What is an attitude?]

Output: What role do emotions play in self regulation theory?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When doubt arises in achieving the goal [What is an attitude?]

Output: When would individuals decide to disengage on a goal?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The belief and confidence that one knows HOW to accomplish a goal is a good predictor for their reaching the goal [What is an attitude?]

Output: Explain Bandura's theory of efficacy expectancy in goal attainment?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Partial Disengagement [What is an attitude?]

Output: The method where goal is scaled back a little?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Avoidance is meant to describe the avoidance of failures or threats to accomplishing the goal [What is an attitude?]

Output: What is meant by Avoidance in the Approach & Avoidance explanation of Self regulation?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Subliminal or non, Priming, activating associations in the mind towards a goal [What is an attitude?]

Output: What is meant by Stimulus based action in Self regulation?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The control of ones impulses towards one goal in order to achieve another. [What is an attitude?]

Output: Describe the Self control model in self regulation theory?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Self-Consciousness Conscientiousness Curiosity and probing negative feelings [What is an attitude?]

Output: What individual differences (traits) are associated with Self regulation?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Conflict between goals Lack of strategy Inability to disengage [What is an attitude?]

Output: How do problems arise in the self regulation perspective? (3 reasons)

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The individual compares the present self to the ideal self and creates a strategy to achieve a means to the end (ideal self) [What is an attitude?]

Output: Explain the "means-end analysis" strategy

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Evolutionary Self Regulation cognitive Perspectives [What is an attitude?]

Output: What three perspective have parallels to psychoanalysis?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ID (This is a motivator) [What is an attitude?]

Output: Evolutionarily, Genes associate with which part of Psychoanalysis?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cerebral Cortex (Behavioral Management) [What is an attitude?]

Output: The Ego from Psychoanalysis is paralleled to what in evolutionary perspectives? (Anatomy)

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Reciprocal Altruism gene The need to help and maintain a group through norms [What is an attitude?]

Output: To what is the Superego associated in the evolutionary perspective?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Christopher and Leak [What is an attitude?]

Output: Which scientists paralleled evolutionary perspectives to Psychoanalysis?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Men: Try to prove worth by showing power and mating often (like those stuck in the phallic stage) Women: try to prove worth by looking attractive and being selective of mates (like women stuck in the phallic stage) [What is an attitude?]

Output: What is the parallel in evolutionary theory and psychoanalysis in mating?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When high level control is not exerted, low level control takes an impulse and automatic form of response to the environment much like the ID The Program control relates to the Ego The Principal control relates to the SuperEgo [What is an attitude?]

Output: Explain the parallels in self regulation theory and psychoanalysis using the hierarchy system and psychoanalysis.

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A cognitive process of denial and repression or forgetting use to cope with threats or stress [What is an attitude?]

Output: What is the perceptual defense?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -Filtering process of information related to stress (defense mechanisms) -Levels of processing are similar to the topography of the mind (conscious and preconscious) -Distortions of the mind are similar to biases in processing [What is an attitude?]

Output: What are the two links between Cognitive and Psychoanalytic perspectives proposed by Erdelyi?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: During therapy evoked memories partially activate schemas associated with behavior, this in turn induces the individual to act on that script due it's partial activation. [What is an attitude?]

Output: Explain transference effects found in psychoanalysis through the cognitive perspective.

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The cognitive Process Goal orientation or incentives [What is an attitude?]

Output: In what areas do social learning, cognition and self regulation all overlap?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Social learning: cognition includes mental representation and how this transforms the personality, each person has a different one Cognitive: Cognition is the central process to all of personality Self regulation: Cognition's role in determining what and how behaviors are made and executed [What is an attitude?]

Output: In what way do social learning, cognition and self regulation differ in using cognitive processes (theory wise)

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Reinforcers created expectancies to what actions will be useful in certain situations [What is an attitude?]

Output: How did Bandura define reinforcers?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The highest levels are more abstract and integrate into the lower levels easily The lowest levels require the most attention because troubles to accomplish these hinder performance on higher levels [What is an attitude?]

Output: Name two areas of similarity between Maslows Hierarchy (Self actualization) and Self regulation theory's hierarchies.

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Self actualization Self regulation Both theories also include a "comparator" to contrast ideal and real selves [What is an attitude?]

Output: The concepts of real self and idealized self are predominant in what two perspective?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Trait Motive Genetic Psychoanalytic Psychosocial Optionally: Learning (in that self efficacy increases ability to learn) and Self regulation (in that level of self reflectivity increases self regulation) [What is an attitude?]

Output: What perspectives assume an personality as an long lasting disposition or permanent aspects of human personality?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: That of Restraint Vs. Impulse That of Individual Vs. Group needs [What is an attitude?]

Output: What are the two fundamental issues or concepts that are examined in all personality perspectives?

Personality Psychology, Self regulation Perspective, Overlap and Integration Chapter 13 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [samenstromen] generally accepted; common [to troop]

Output: mainstream


Input: [samenstromen] a type of sausage made of pig's blood, fat and grain wich is very dark in colour [to troop]

Output: black pudding


Input: [samenstromen] of interest only to a small group of people [to troop]

Output: marginal


Input: [samenstromen] someone who is not trained in or doesn't know a lot about a certain subject [to troop]

Output: layman


Input: [samenstromen] faraway [to troop]

Output: remote


Input: [samenstromen] moeras [to troop]

Output: bog


Input: [samenstromen] scheen [to troop]

Output: shin


Input: [samenstromen] beginneling [to troop]

Output: novice


Input: [samenstromen] eager [to troop]

Output: keen


Input: [samenstromen] pieces of material used to protect something or to give it shape [to troop]

Output: padding


Input: [samenstromen] famous for something bad [to troop]

Output: notoriously


Input: [samenstromen] voorsprong [to troop]

Output: head start


Input: [samenstromen] to fall, usually with a rolling movement [to troop]

Output: to tumble


Input: [samenstromen] uitstellen, verlaten [to troop]

Output: to delay


Input: [samenstromen] because of [to troop]

Output: due to


Input: [samenstromen] Accident and Emergency [to troop]

Output: A&E


Input: [samenstromen] toeschouwer [to troop]

Output: spectator


Input: [samenstromen] aansporen [to troop]

Output: to egg on


Input: [samenstromen] (duik)bril [to troop]

Output: goggles


Input: [1] amyl- [2]

Output: combining form meaning starch

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] angin- [2]

Output: combining form meaning choking pain, angina pectoris

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] aort- [2]

Output: combining form meaning aorta

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] arct(at)- [2]

Output: combining form meaning compress

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ather- [2]

Output: combining form meaning [soup] fatty deposit

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] atri- [2]

Output: combining form meaning [entrance hall] atrium

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] bol- [2]

Output: combining form meaning a throwing

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] capill- [2]

Output: combining form [hair] capillary

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cirs- [2]

Output: dilated and twisted vein, varix

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] -clud-, -clus- [2]

Output: combining form meaning close

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cor, cord- [2]

Output: combining form meaning heart

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] coron- [2]

Output: combining form meaning crown

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cusp-, -cuspid [2]

Output: combining form meaning point

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] dextr- [2]

Output: combining form meaning right (side)

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] -form [2]

Output: combining form meaning shape

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] gurgit-, gurgitat- [2]

Output: flood, flow

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pector- [2]

Output: combining form meaning breast o chest

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] phleb- [2]

Output: combining form meaning vein

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pulm(on)- [2]

Output: lung, pulmonary artery

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] rhythm- [2]

Output: [steady motion] heartbeat

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sept- [2]

Output: combining form meaning wall or partition

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sin-, sinus- [2]

Output: combining form meaning [curve, hollow] sinus

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sinistr- [2]

Output: combining form meaning left (side)

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sphygm- [2]

Output: combining form meaning pulse

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] stal-, stol- [2]

Output: combining form meaning send or contraction

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] tens(i)- [2]

Output: combining form meaning stretch

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] thromb- [2]

Output: combining form meaning blood clot

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] top- [2]

Output: combining form meaning place

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] vag- [2]

Output: combining form meaning [wandering] the vagus nerve

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] varci-, varix [2]

Output: combining form meaning dilated and twisted vein or varix

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] vas- [2]

Output: combining form meaning (blood) vessel or vas deferens

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ven- [2]

Output: combining form meaning vein

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ventr- [2]

Output: combining form meaning belly, abdomen, or abdominal cavity

Lesson 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [intent to contract] applicability of UCC

Output: contracts for the sale of moveable goods

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] unilateral contract

Output: promise made in exchange for complete performance

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] bilateral contract

Output: promise made in exchange for another promise or performance

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] mutual assent

Output: offer and acceptance

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] offer

Output: a commitment, containing definite terms, communicated to an identified offerree

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] acceptance

Output: unequivocal assent to terms of an offer; [CL] committment, communicated the right way, mirroring terms of the offer; [UCC] definite and seaonable expression of acceptance communicated by any reasonable medum

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] [CL] acceptance

Output: a committment, communicated the right way by the offeree, to the exact terms of the offer, effective upon dispatch

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] [UCC] acceptance

Output: a committment by the offeree, communicated in a reasonable way to the offeror

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] mailbox rule

Output: an acceptance, post-paid and properly addressed, is effective upon dispatch

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] rejection

Output: refusal of offer by offeree; effective upon receipt

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] revocation

Output: withdrawal of offer by offeror; must occur before valid acceptance made; effective upon receipt

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] counter offer

Output: [CL] additional or varying terms of the original offer; functions as rejection of original offer

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] option contract

Output: contract formed when consideration is paid to keep offer open for a longer period of time; irrevocable for time specified or a reasonable time if none specified

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] merchant's firm offer

Output: [UCC] a signed wriitng by a merchant stating the offer; irrevocable for time stated or reasonable time if none stated but in no event longer than 90 days without consideration

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] offer supported by detrimental reliance

Output: offer irrevocable when there is sufficient reliance to justify application of the doctrine of estoppel

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] consideration

Output: the bargained-for exchange of legal detriment

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] forbearance to sue

Output: forbearance to do something one is or reasonably believes is legally entitled to do may be consideration

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] pre-existing duty rule

Output: a promise to perform (or refrain from performing) something one is already obligated to perform (refrain from performing) is not consideration

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] illusory promise

Output: promisor may elect to perform or not; not consieration

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] moral obligation

Output: not consideration unless bargained for

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] promissory estoppel

Output: reasonable, foreseeable, and detrimental reliance on the promise can substitute for consideration

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] capacity to contract

Output: if one party is lacking capacity to contract (an infant, mentally infirm), the contract is voidable by the incapacitated party

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] duress

Output: coercive force used to threatened to induce consent; personal duress - contract voidable by coerced party; economic duress - no defense unless other party is cause

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] undue influence

Output: over-persuasive pressure by one party against another

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] misrepresentation

Output: fraud in the inducement - contract void; fraud regarding subject matter renders voidable by innocent party

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] unilateral mistake

Output: mistake by one party regarding material matter - contract voidable by mistaken party if other knew or should have known of mistake

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] mutual mistake

Output: common mistake by both parties about a material matter of the contract of which neither party assumed the risk- voidable by either party

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] unconscionability

Output: unfair advantage taken by one party over another; court may take any reasonable action to render contract fair

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] illegality

Output: subject matter of contract illegal prior to contracting - void; purpose of contract illegal - voidable by innocent party

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] statute of frauds

Output: certain contracts must be in writing to be valid

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] one year provision (SoF)

Output: contracts which cannot be completely performed within one year of formation must be in writing

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] full performance exception (SoF - 1yr rule)

Output: any possibility, no matter how unlikely, that performance can be completed within 1 year removes contract from SoF

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] sale of goods contracts (SoF)

Output: contracts for the sale of goods $500 or more fall within the SoF

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] special rule for merchants ($500, SoF)

Output: merchant's confirmatory memo not obejcted to within 10 days satisfies SoF

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] other exceptions (goods $500+, SoF)

Output: (1) specially manufactured goods where manufacturing has begun; (2) tender and acceptance of goods; (3) pre-payment

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] suretyship contracts (SoF)

Output: collateral promises to answer for the debt of another must be in writing

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] main purpose rule (suretyship, SoF)

Output: promise to answer for the debt of another need not be in writing if promisor motivated by a desire for advantage or benefit

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] real property contracts (SoF)

Output: contracts for the sale of land or buildings

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] part performance doctrine (real property, SoF)

Output: possession of the land and partial payment or improvement to it satisifes the SoF

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] sufficient memo (SoF)

Output: (1) identity of the parties; (2) subject matter; (3) time for performance; (4) price; (5) signed by party against whom it will be enforced

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] modification requirements

Output: [CL] mutual agreement and consideration [UCC] good faith sufficient

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] accord and satisfaction

Output: when good-faith dispute regarding duty, agreement to a substitute performance for the disputed one (accord) and performance of the substitute (satisfaction) discharge original debt

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] parol evidence rule

Output: no evidence of any prior oral or written, or contemporaneous oral negotiations may be entered to vary or contradict the terms of an integrated writing

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] integrated writing (PE)

Output: final and complete expression of the agreement

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] exceptions to parol evidence rule

Output: evidence of duress, clarification of ambiguity, mistake, fraud, oral condition precedent, illegality, lack of consideration

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] express condition

Output: present in the writing; must be completely performed

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] implied condition

Output: implied-in-fact: reasonable expectation of parties implied-in-law: order of performance when not specified

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] constructive condition

Output: interpreted from relative performance of the parties; need only be sustantially performed

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] satisfaction of contracting party

Output: must rest on good-faith evaluation

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] satisfaction of 3rd party

Output: must be good-faith and neutral; evidence of bad faith is admissable to excuse the condition

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] wrongful prevention

Output: interference with event or failure to act when required; excuses condition

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] waiver and estoppel

Output: waiver of condition by party entitled to it is permissible; may be withdrawn or midified unless other party reasonably, foreseeably, and detrimentally relied on waiver

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] relief from forfeiture

Output: courts may excuse failure of express condition if would induce disproportionate forfeiture

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] anticipatory repudiation

Output: postive statement to the promisee before performance is due, that the promisor will not or cannot substantially perform

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] voluntary disablement

Output: anticipatory breach by actions rather than words

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] substantial performance

Output: incomplete performance so nearly equivalent that it would be unfair to deny the performer the agreed-upon return performance; subject to promisee's right to recover for value of performance left undone

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] divisibility

Output: each party's performance capable of division into 2 or more segments and each has the same number of performances

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] impossibility

Output: supervening unforeseen event of which neither party accepted the risk renders performance objectively impossible; excuses performance

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] impracticability

Output: supervening unforeseen event of which neiher party accepted the risk renders performance as writtn impossible for these particular parties; if temporary, duties suspended until event is over

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] frustration

Output: supervening unforeseen event defeats the underlying purpose of at least still partially executory contract; excuses performance

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] anticipatory breach and options

Output: breach by anticipatory repudiation; non-breaching party who has not completely performed may sue for breach immediately or wait for time of performance due

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] minor breach

Output: defect in non-material aspect of performance

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] material breach

Output: breach of material aspect of performance; discharges duty of performance by non-breaching party

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] liquidated damages

Output: damage amounts expressly agreed to in contract

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] requirements for valid liquidated damage clause

Output: (1) amount of actual damage for breach would be difficult to determine; (2) amount agreed to is reasonable; (3) intent is to provide for damages, not penalty

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] effect of liquidated damages clause

Output: is recovery if clause is valid

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] damage calculation: employment contracts

Output: [employer breach] salary for rest of term + incidental - mitigation; [employee beach] cost of obtaining substitute performance

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] damage calculation: sale of goods

Output: [seller] (1) resale; (2) market price; (3) lost profit [buyer] (1) cover; (2) market price; (3) breach of warranty recovery

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] damage calculation: sale of realty

Output: (1) restitution; (2) contract - market price

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] damage calculation: construction

Output: [contractor] expectation + consequential + incidental- mitigation [buyer] cost to complete + consequentail + incidental - mitigation

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] consequential damages

Output: foreseeable damages resulting from breach

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] reliance

Output: awarded as recovery to return non-breaching party to position before contract

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] restitution

Output: recovery awarded for benefit conferred to other parrty

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] quasi-contract

Output: equitable remedy whereby non-breaching party is awarded value of benefit conferred

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] measure of recovery

Output: value of benefit conferred

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] specific performance

Output: equitable remedy used when breach of performance and monetary damages insufficient

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] reformation

Output: equiatable remedy used to alter contract writing to conform to actual agreement

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] recission

Output: equitable remedy to remove parties' obligations to each other

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] intended TP beneficiary

Output: named in contract (expressly or by reference) to whom performance directly runs, having a relationship with the promisee which supports the benefit

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] incidental TP beneficiary

Output: not named in the contract, indirectly benefitting; no rights under contract

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] creditor beneficiary

Output: pre-existing obligation owed by promisee which contract is being used to satisy all or part of

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] donee beneficiary

Output: performance is a gift; no rights against promisee

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] vesting

Output: rights become TPB's when learn of promise and take some action indicating assent to it

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] vesting effect

Output: TPB can enforce rights against promisor as exist at time of vesting

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] elements of assignment

Output: (1) description of rights and (2) words of present transfer

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] effect of assignment

Output: terminates rights of assignor and transfers to assignee

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] limitations on assignment

Output: may not assign if: prohbited by law or if assignment materially: increases other party's risk, changes other party's duty, impairs other party's chance of obtaining return performance

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] revocability of assignment

Output: assignment revocable until vested

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] elements of delegation

Output: (1) identity of delegate, (2) consideration

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] effect of delegation

Output: if consideration, delegate is primarily responsible for performance of delegated duty; delegator is surety in any event

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] limitations on delegation

Output: may not delegate if: (1) prohibited by law; (2) prohibited by contract clause; (3) personal duties unless obligee consents

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] bona fide purchaser for value

Output: if a party pays fair value for property and without any notice of defects in title, the property is rightfully theirs.

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] expectation damages

Output: designed to put the non-breaching party in the position it would have been in if the contract had been performed.

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] expectation damage calculation

Output: standard remedy + incidental damages + consequential damages - mitigation

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] breach

Output: a failure to perform or poor performance of a matured duty

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: [intent to contract] lost volume recovery rule

Output: if there is (1) large inventory and (2) large demand for the product, the seller may recover the profit lost on a breached sale

1L Contracts rule statements Flashcards - Cram.com

objective manifestation of intent to be bound


Input: What are some characteristics of the sieve elements?

Output: They must be alive They are parenchyma They have only primary walls

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How are sieve pores made?

Output: These are merely the enlargement of plasmodesmata

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are sieve areas?

Output: These are clusters of sieve pores

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the nurse cell for sieve tubes and sieve cells?

Output: Sieve cells-albumionous STM- Companion cells

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What sieve element is in angiosperms and what is in nonangiosperms?

Output: Angiosperms-STM Nonangiosperms- SC

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where are the dictyosomes, mitochondira and organelles held in sieve elements?

Output: In the ectoplasm

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What two substances help if plant is to rupture?

Output: Callose and P-Protein

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What type of growth is in the apical meristem?

Output: Localized growth (arimetric growth)

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are some of the consequences of having arithmetic growth?

Output: Chances for alot of mutation Slow growth It can differentiate fully once that cell divides

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the consequences of geometric growth?

Output: Less mutations Won't have fully differentiated cells in this growth Can have rapid cell growth

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Explain why the stoma is usually located on the lower epidermis

Output: This is due to decreasing the risk of transpiration. In a warm environment, the leaf is usually warmer than the air and due to convection the air rises and water can leave. The humid layer on the bottom, prevents water from being lost.

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Give some characteristics of the epidermis?

Output: The epidermis is a parenchyma The outer walls are lined with cutin which make it impermeable to water The wax is also there, work with cutin, to resist digestive enzymes and provide defense against pathogens

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where is the largest surface area in the plant?

Output: This is located in the palisade parenchyma where they are not touching each other.

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the benifit of the palisade parenchmya?

Output: They make sure the

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the purpose of the spongy mesophyl in leaves?

Output: The spongy mesophyl is good because it prevents the palisade parencyma from reaching the lower epidermis, this is good because there is less chance CO2 will go back out the stoma.

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What kind of leaves show a parallel venation?

Output: Monocots

Plant Biology Exam Flashcards - Cram.com