Input: [Abreaction] Narcissism

Output: In psychoanalytic theory, divided into primary and secondary types: Primary narcissism, the early infantile phase of object relationship development, when the child has not differentiated the self from the outside world, and all sources of pleasure are unrealistically recognized as coming from within the self, giving the child a false sense of omnipotence; secondary narcissism, when the libido, once attached to external love objects, is redirected back to the self.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Needle phobia

Output: The persistent, intense, pathological fear of receiving an injection

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Negative signs

Output: M. schizophrenia: flat affect, alogia, abulia, and apathy.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Negativism

Output: Verbal or nonverbal opposition or resistance to outside suggestions and advice; commonly seen in catatonic schizophrenia in which the patient resists any efforts to be moved or does the opposite of what is asked.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Neologism

Output: New word or phrase whose derivation cannot be understood; often seen in schizophrenia. It has also been used to mean a word that has been incorrectly constructed but whose origins are nonetheless understandable (e.g., headshoe to mean hat), but such constructions are more properly referred to as word approximations.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Neurological amnesia

Output: (1) auditory amnesia: Loss of ability to comprehend sounds or speech. (2) tactile amnesia: Loss of ability to judge the shape of objects by touch. See also astereognosis. (3) verbal amnesia; loss of ability to remember words. (4) visual amnesia; loss of ability to recall or to recognize familiar objects or printed words.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Nihilism

Output: Delusion of the nonexistence of the self or part of the self; also refers to an attitude of total rejection of established values or extreme skepticism regarding moral and value judgments.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Nihilistic delusion

Output: Depressive delusion that the world and everything related to it hve ceased to exist.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Noeisis

Output: Revelation in which immense illumination occurs in association with a sense that one has been chosen to lead and command. Can occur in manic or dissociative states.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] nominal aphasia

Output: Aphasia characterized by difficulty in giving the correct name of an object.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Nymphomania

Output: Abnormal, excessive, insatiable desire in a woman for sexual intercourse.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Obsession

Output: Persistent and recurrent idea, thought, or impulse that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logic or reasoning; obsessions are involuntary and ego-dystonic.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Olfactory hallucination

Output: Hallucination primarily involving smell or odors; most common in medical disorders, especially in the temporal lobe.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Orientation

Output: State of awareness of oneself and one's surroundings in terms of time, place, and person.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Overactivity

Output: Abnormality in motor behavior that can manifest itself as psychomotor agitation, hyperactivity (hyperkinesis), tics, sleepwalking, or compulsions.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Overvalued idea

Output: False or unreasonable belief or idea that is sustained beyond the bounds of reason. It is held with less intensity or duration than a delusion but is usually associated with mental illness.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Panic

Output: Acute, intense attack of anxiety associated with personality disorganization; the anxiety is overwhelming and accompanied by feelings of impending doom.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Panphobia

Output: Overwhelming fear of everything.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Pantomime

Output: Gesticulation; psychodrama without the use of words.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Paramnesia

Output: Disturbance of memory in which reality and fantasy are confused. It is observed in dreams and in certain types of schizophrenia and organic mental disorders; includes phenomena such as déjà vu and deja entendu, which may occur occasionally in normal persons.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Paranoia

Output: Rare psychiatric syndrome marked by the gradual development of a highly elaborate and complex delusional system, generally involving persecutory or grandiose delusions, with few other signs of personality disorganization or thought disorder.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Paranoid delusions

Output: Includes persecutory delusions and delusions of reference, control, and grandeur.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Paranoid ideation

Output: Thinking dominated by suspicious, persecutory, or grandiose content of less than delusional proportions.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Paraphasia

Output: Abnormal speech in which one word is substituted for another, the irrelevant word generally resembling the required one in morphology, meaning, or phonetic composition; the inappropriate word may be a legitimate one used incorrectly, such as Clover instead of hand, or a bizarre nonsense expression, such as treen instead of train. Paraphasic speech may be seen in organic aphasias and in mental disorders such as schizophrenia.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Parapraxis

Output: Faulty act, such as a slip of the tongue or the misplacement of an article. Freud described parapraxes to unconscious motives.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Paresis

Output: Weakness or partial paralysis of organic origin.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Paresthesia

Output: Abnormal spontaneous tactile sensation, such as a burning, tingling, or pins and needles sensation.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Perception

Output: Conscious awareness of elements in the environment by the mental processing of sensory stimuli; sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to the mental process by which all kinds of data-intellectual, emotional, and sensory-are meaningfully organized.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Perseveration

Output: (1) pathological repetition of the same response to different stimuli, as in a repetition of the same verbal response to different questions. (2) persistent repetition of specific words or concepts in the process of speaking. Seen in cognitive disorders, schizophrenia, and other mental illnesses.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Phantom limb

Output: False sensation that an extremity that has been lost is, in fact, present.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Phobia

Output: Persistent, pathological, unrealistic, intense fear of an object or situation; the phobic person may realize that the fear is irrational but, nonetheless, cannot spell it.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Pica

Output: Craving and eating of nonfood substances, such as paint and clay.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Polyphagia

Output: Pathological overeating.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Positive signs

Output: In schizophrenia: Hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Posturing

Output: Strange, fixed, and bizarre bodily positions held by a patient for an extended time.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Poverty of content of speech

Output: Speech that is adequate in amount but conveys little information because of vagueness, emptiness, or stereotyped phrases.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Poverty of speech

Output: Restriction in the amount of speech she used; replies maybe monosyllabic. See also laconic speech.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Preoccupation of thought

Output: Centering of thought content on a particular idea, associated with a strong affective tone, such as a paranoid trend or suicidal or homicidal preoccupation.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Pressured speech

Output: Increase in the amount of spontaneous speech; rapid, loud, accelerated speech, as occurs in mania, schizophrenia, and cognitive disorders.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Primary process thinking

Output: In psychoanalysis, the mental activity directly related to the functions of the id and characteristic of unconscious mental processes; marked by primitive, pre-logical thinking and by the tendency to seek immediate discharge and gratification of instinctual demands. Includes thinking that is dereistic, illogical, magical; normally found in dreams, abnormally in psychosis.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Projection

Output: Unconscious defense mechanism and which persons attribute to another those generally unconscious ideas, thoughts, feelings, and impulses that are in themselves undesirable or unacceptable, as a form of protection from anxiety arising from and inner conflict; by externalizing whatever is unacceptable, they deal with it as a situation apart from themselves.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Prosopagnosia

Output: Inability to recognize familiar faces that is not do to impaired visual acuity or level of consciousness.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Pseudocyesis

Output: Rare condition in which a nonpregnant patient has the signs and symptoms of pregnancy, such as abdominal distention, breast enlargement, pigmentation, cessation of menses, and morning sickness.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Pseudodementia

Output: (1) Dementia like disorder that can be reversed by appropriate treatment and is not caused by organic brain disease. (2) condition in which patients show exaggerated indifference to their surroundings in the absence of a mental disorder; also occurs in depression and factitious disorders.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Pseudologia phantastica

Output: Disorder characterized by uncontrollable lying in which patient's elaborate extensive fantasies that they freely communicate and act on.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Psychomotor agitation

Output: Physical and mental overactivity that is usually nonproductive and is associated with a feeling of inner turmoil, as seen in agitated depression.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Psychosis

Output: Mental disorder in which the thoughts, affective response, ability to recognize reality, and ability to communicate and relate to others are sufficiently impaired to interfere grossly with the capacity to deal with reality; the classical characteristics of psychosis are impaired reality testing, hallucinations, delusions, and illusions.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Psychotic

Output: (1) person experiencing psychosis. (2) denoting or characteristic of psychosis.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Rationalization

Output: An unconscious defense mechanism in which irrational or unacceptable behavior, motives, or feelings are logically justified or made consciously tolerable by plausible means.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Reaction formation

Output: Unconscious defense mechanism in which a person develops a socialized attitude or interest that is the direct antithesis of some infantile wish or impulse that is harbored consciously or unconsciously. One of the earliest and most unstable Defense mechanisms, closely related to repression; both are defenses against impulses or urges that are unacceptable to the ego.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Reality testing

Output: Fundamental ego function that consists of tentative actions that test and objectively evaluate the nature and limits of the environment; includes the ability to differentiate between the external world and the internal world and accurately to judge the relation between the self and the environment.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Recall

Output: Process of bringing stored memories into consciousness.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Recent memory

Output: Recall of events over the past few days.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Recent past memory

Output: Recall of events over the past few months.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Receptive aphasia

Output: Organic loss of ability to comprehend the meaning of words; fluid and spontaneous, but incoherent and nonsensical, speech.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Receptive dysphasia

Output: Difficulty in comprehending oral language; the impairment involves comprehension and production of language.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Regression

Output: Unconscious defense mechanism in which a person undergoes a partial or total return to earlier patterns of adaption; observed in many psychiatric conditions, particularly schizophrenia.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Remote memory

Output: Recall of events in the distant past.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Repression

Output: Freud's term for an unconscious defense mechanism in which unacceptable mental contents are banished or kept out of consciousness; important in normal psychological development and in neurotic and psychotic symptom formation. Freud recognized two kinds of repression: (1) repression proper, in which the repressed material was once in the conscious domain, and (2) primal repression, in which the repressed material was never in the conscious realm.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Restricted affect

Output: Reduction in the intensity of feeling tone that is less severe than in blunted affect but clearly reduced.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Retrograde amnesia

Output: Loss of memory for events preceding the onset of the amnesia.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Retrospective falsification

Output: Memory becomes unintentionally (unconsciously) distorted by being filtered through a persons present emotional, cognitive, and experiential state.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Rigidity

Output: In psychiatry, a person's resistance to change, a personality trait.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Ritual

Output: (1) formalized activity practiced by a person to reduce anxiety, as in OCD. (2) ceremonial activity of cultural origin.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Rumination

Output: Constant preoccupation with thinking about a single idea or theme, as and OCD.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Satyriasis

Output: Morbid, insatiable sexual need or desire in a man.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Scotoma

Output: (1) in psychiatry, a figurative blind spot in a person's psychological awareness. (2) in neurology, a localized visual field defect.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Secondary process thinking

Output: In psychoanalysis, the form of thinking that is logical, organized, reality oriented, and influenced by the demands of the environment; characterizes the mental activity of the ego.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Seizure

Output: In attack or sudden onset of certain symptoms, such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, and psychic or sensory disturbances; seen in epilepsy and can be substance induced.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Sensorium

Output: Hypothetical sensory center in the brain that is involved with clarity of awareness about oneself and one's surroundings, including the ability to perceive and to process ongoing events in light of past experiences, future options, and current circumstances; sometimes used interchangeably with consciousness.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] sensory aphasia

Output: Organic loss of ability to comprehend the meaning of words; fluid and spontaneous, but incoherent and nonsensical, speech.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Sensory extinction

Output: Neurological sign operationally defined as failure to report one of two simultaneously presented sensory stimuli, despite the fact that either stimulus alone is correctly reported. Also called sensory inattention

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Shame

Output: Failure to live up to self expectations; often associated with a fantasy of how the person will be seen by others.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Short-term memory

Output: Reproduction, recognition, or recall of perceived material within minutes after the initial presentation.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Simultanagnosia

Output: Impairment in the perception or integration of visual stimuli appearing simultaneously

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Somatic delusion

Output: Delusion pertaining to the functioning of one's body.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Somatic hallucination

Output: Hallucination involving the perception of a physical experience localized within the body.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Somatopagnosia

Output: Inability to recognize a part of one's body as one's own (also called ignorance of the body and autotopagnosia).

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Somnolence

Output: Pathological sleepiness or drowsiness from which one can be aroused to a normal state of consciousness

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Spatial agnosia

Output: Inability to recognize spatial relations.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Speaking in tongues

Output: Expression of a regulatory message through unintelligible words; not considered a disorder of thought if associated with practices of specific Pentecostal religions.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Stereotypy

Output: Continuous mechanical repetition of speech or physical activities; observed in catatonic schizophrenia.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Stupor

Output: (1) state of decreased reactivity to stimuli and less than full awareness of one's surroundings; as a disturbance of consciousness, it indicates a condition of partial coma or semicoma. (2) in psychiatry, it is used synonymously with mutism and does not necessarily imply a disturbance of consciousness; in catatonic stupor, patients are ordinarily aware of their surroundings.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Stuttering

Output: Frequent repetition or prolongation of a sound or syllable, leading to markedly impaired speech fluency.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Sublimation

Output: Unconscious defense mechanism in which the energy associated with unacceptable impulses or drives is diverted into personally and socially acceptable channels; unlike other defense mechanisms, it offers some minimal gratification of the instinctual drive or impulse.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Substitution

Output: Unconscious defense mechanism in which a person replaces in unacceptable wish, drive, emotion, or goal with the one that is more acceptable.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Suggestibility

Output: State of uncritical compliance with influence or of uncritical acceptance of an idea, belief, or attitude; commonly observed among persons with hysterical traits.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Suicidal ideation

Output: Thoughts or acts of taking one's life.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Suppression

Output: Conscious act of controlling and inhibiting an unacceptable impulse, emotion, or idea; differentiated from repression in that repression is an unconscious process.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Symbolization

Output: Unconsciousness defense mechanism in which one idea or object comes to stand for another because of some common aspect or quality in both; based on similarity and association; the symbols formed protect the person from the anxiety that may be attached to the original idea or object.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Synesthesia

Output: Condition in which the stimulation of one sensory modality is perceived as sensation in a different modality, as when a sound produces a sensation of color.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Syntactical aphasia

Output: Aphasia characterized by difficulty in understanding broken speech, associated with gross disorder of thought and expression.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Systematized delusion

Output: Group of elaborate delusions related to a single event or theme.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Tactile hallucination

Output: Hallucination primarily involving the sense of touch. Also called haptic hallucination.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Tangentiality

Output: Oblique, digressive, or even irrelevant manner of speech in which the central idea is not communicated.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Tension

Output: Physiological or psychic arousal, uneasiness, or pressure toward action; an unpleasurable alteration in mental or physical state that seeks relief through action.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Terminal insomnia

Output: Early morning awakening or waking up at least 2 hours before planning to wake up.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Thought broadcasting

Output: Feeling that one's thoughts are being broadcast or projected into the environment.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Thought disorder

Output: Any disturbance of thinking that affects language, communication, or thought content; the hallmark feature of schizophrenia. Manifestations range from simple blocking and mild circumstantiality to profound loosening of associations, incoherence, and delusions; characterized by failure to follow semantic and syntactic rules that is inconsistent with the persons education, intelligence, or cultural background.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Thought insertion

Output: Delusion that thoughts are being implanted in one's mind by other people or forces.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Thought latency

Output: The period of time between a thought in its verbal expression. Increased in schizophrenia (see blocking) and decreased in mania (see pressured speech).

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Thought withdrawal

Output: Delusion that one's thoughts are being removed from one's mind by other people or forces.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Tic disorders

Output: Predominantly psychogenic disorders characterized by an involuntary, spasmodic, stereotyped movement of small groups of muscles; seen most predominately in moments of stress or anxiety, rarely as a result of organic disease.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Tinnitus

Output: Noises in one or both ears, such as ringing, buzzing, or clicking; an adverse effect of some psychotropic drugs.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Tonic convulsion

Output: Convulsion in which the muscle contraction is sustained.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Trailing phenomenon

Output: Perceptual abnormality associated with hallucinogenic drugs in which moving objects are seen as a series of discrete and discontinuous images.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Trance

Output: Sleep-like state of reduced consciousness and activity.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Tremor

Output: Rhythmical alteration in movement, which is usually faster than one beat a second; typically, tremors decrease during periods of relaxation and sleep and increase during periods of anger and increased tension.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] True insight

Output: Understanding of the objective reality of a situation coupled with the motivational and emotional impetus to master the situation or change behavior.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Twilight state

Output: Disturbed consciousness with hallucinations.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Twirling

Output: Sign of present in autistic children who continually rotate in the direction in which their head is turned.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Unconscious

Output: (1) one of three divisions of Freud's topographic theory of the mind (the others being the consciousness and the preconscious) in which the psychic material is not readily accessible to conscious awareness by ordinary means; its existence may be manifest in symptom formation, in dreams, or under the influence of drugs. (2) in popular (but more ambiguous) usage, any mental material not in the immediate field of awareness. (3) denoting a state of unawareness, with lack of response to external stimuli, as in a coma.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Undoing

Output: Unconscious primitive defense mechanism, repetitive in nature, by which a person symbolically acts out in reverse something unacceptable that has already been done or against which the ego must defend itself; a form of magical expiatory action, commonly observed in OCD.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Unio Mystica

Output: Feeling of mystic unity with an infant power.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Vegetative signs

Output: In depression, denoting characteristic symptoms such as sleep disturbance (especially early morning awakening), decreased appetite, constipation, weight loss, and loss of sexual response.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Verbigeration

Output: Meaningless and stereotyped repetition of words or phrases, as seen in schizophrenia. Also called cataphasia.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Vertigo

Output: Sensation that one or the world around one is spinning or revolving; a hallmark of vestibular dysfunction, not to be confused with dizziness.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Visual agnosia

Output: Inability to recognize objects or persons.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Visual hallucination

Output: Hallucination primarily involving the sense of sight.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Waxy flexibility

Output: Condition in which a person maintains the body position into which he or she is placed. Also called catalepsy.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Word approximation

Output: Use of conventional words in an unconventional or inappropriate way (metonymy or of new words that are developed by conventional rules of word formation) (e.g., hand shoes for gloves and time measure for clock); distinguished from a neologism, which is a new word whose derivation cannot be understood.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Word salad

Output: Incoherent, essentially incomprehensible mixture of words and phrases commonly seen in far advanced cases of schizophrenia.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Xenophobia

Output: Abnormal fear of strangers.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [Abreaction] Zoophobia

Output: Abnormal fear of animals.

Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry Flashcards - Cram.com

A process by which repressed material, particularly a painful experience or a conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls but also relives the repressed material, which is accompanied by the appropriate affective response.


Input: [the position is called the QB] Yes it is

Output: Is football a contact sport?

What is the position in football that you throw it to people?


Input: [the position is called the QB] A gym unit is at least 2 weeks long

Output: How long is a gym unit?

What is the position in football that you throw it to people?


Input: [the position is called the QB] the position is called the running back

Output: what is the position in football that you recieve the ball and run as fast and far as you can?

What is the position in football that you throw it to people?


Input: [the position is called the QB] you get 2 yellow flags in soccer before you get one red flag

Output: how many yellow flags do you get in soccer before you get a red flag?

What is the position in football that you throw it to people?


Input: [the position is called the QB] there are 5 players on the ice at once and there is one goalie.

Output: how many players are in a game of hochey, but only on one team?

What is the position in football that you throw it to people?


Input: [the position is called the QB] there are 10 players on the ice at once and 2 goalies

Output: how many players are on the ice all together?

What is the position in football that you throw it to people?


Input: [the position is called the QB] there are 3 positions. these are the goalie thethree forward which are the center and the left and right forward and there are two defence.

Output: what are the position names in hockey?

What is the position in football that you throw it to people?


Input: [the position is called the QB] yes it is a unit

Output: IS fitness a unit in gym?

What is the position in football that you throw it to people?


Input: [the position is called the QB] the first sport invented in canada was lacrosse.

Output: what sport was invented in canada?

What is the position in football that you throw it to people?


Input: [Personality trait] ID

Output: The primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] pleasure principle

Output: Demands immediate gratification of its urges

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] ego

Output: The decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] reality principle

Output: Seeks to delay gratification of the id's urges until appropriate outlets and situations can be found

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] superego

Output: The moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] conscious

Output: Consists of whatever one is aware

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] preconscious

Output: Contains material just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] unconscious

Output: Contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] defense mechanisms

Output: Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] rationalization

Output: Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Repression

Output: Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Projection

Output: Attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Displacement

Output: Diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] reaction formation

Output: Behaving in a way that's exactly the opposite of one's true feelings

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Regression

Output: Reversion to immature patterns of behavior

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Identification

Output: Bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Sublimation

Output: Occurs when unconscious, unacceptable impulses are channeled into socially acceptable, perhaps even admirable, behaviors

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Psychosexual stages

Output: Are developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leave their mark on adult personality

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Fixation

Output: Involves a failure to move forward from one stage to another

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Archetypes

Output: Emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Striving for superiority

Output: A universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life's challenges

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Compensation

Output: Involves efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Behaviorism

Output: A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Observational learning

Output: Occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Model

Output: A person whose behavior is observed by another

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Self-efficacy

Output: Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Humanism

Output: A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Self-concept

Output: A collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Incongruence

Output: Is the degree of disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experience

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Hierarchy of needs

Output: A systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Need for self-actualization

Output: Is the need to fulfill one's potential

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] Narcissism

Output: A personality trait marked by an inflated sense of importance, a need for attention and admiration, a sense of entitlement, and a tendency to exploit others

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] What is the Big Five?

Output: They are five high-order traits that are used to identify the crucial dimensions that underlie the diverse personality traits

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: [Personality trait] List the Big Five

Output: Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations


Input: the distance from a point on a wave to the same point on the next wave [visible spectrum]

Output: wavelength


Input: materials that allow light to pass through so that whatever is behind can be seen [visible spectrum]

Output: transparent


Input: materials that allow light to pass through but scatter it so that whatever is behind it cannot be clearly seen [visible spectrum]

Output: translucent


Input: materials that do not allow light to pass through [visible spectrum]

Output: opaque


Input: to allow to pass through [visible spectrum]

Output: transmit


Input: to take in [visible spectrum]

Output: absorb


Input: to bounce back [visible spectrum]

Output: reflect


Input: a lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges [visible spectrum]

Output: convex lens


Input: a lens that is thinner in the middle than at the edges [visible spectrum]

Output: concave lens


Input: to move quickly back and forth [visible spectrum]

Output: vibrate


Input: the loudness or softness of a sound [visible spectrum]

Output: volume


Input: the highness or lowness of a sound [visible spectrum]

Output: pitch


Input: Maintains cell shape, helps organise cell division, functions as a system of roads for motor proteins.

Output: What is the cytoskeleton?


Input: Known as the 'power houses' of the cell, they combine food (sugar) with oxygen to produce ATP - the primary energy source for the cell. Cells with more energy requirements have more mitochondria.

Output: What are mitochondria?


Input: Acts as the 'Control Centre' of the cell, stores & protects DNA.

Output: What is the role of the nucleus?


Input: Inside the nucleus, is the nucleolus. It produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus and take positions on the rough ER where they are critical in protein synthesis.

Output: Where is the nucleolus found & what does it do?


Input: Mainly water, this is the 'soup' where all the other organelles reside inside the cell.

Output: What is the cytosol?


Input: The cytosol & the organelles within it.

Output: What is the cytoplasm?


Input: The sorting & packaging plant likened to a stack of pancakes, where molecules are packaged for delivery to other parts of the cell, or for secretion from the cell.

Output: What is the Golgi apparatus?


Input: The 'stomachs' of the cell. They digest viruses & bacteria, excess or worn out organelles and food particles.

Output: What are lysosomes?


Input: Membrane-bounded sacs that store & transport substances.

Output: What are vesicles?


Input: Synthesis of lipids.

Output: What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum resposible for?


Input: Proteins synthesized on the ribosomes collect in the endoplasmic reticulum for transport throughout the cell.

Output: What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum resposible for?


Input: The ribosomes on its surface.

Output: What gives rough ER the 'rough' appearance?


Input: Each ribosome comprises two parts, a large subunit and a small subunit. They are the site of protein synthesis.

Output: What are ribosomes?


Input: Throughout the cell, and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Output: Where are ribosomes found?


Input: 1. Plasma membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus

Output: Name the 3 parts of the human cell.


Input: To package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis and prevent DNA damage, and to control gene expression and DNA replication.

Output: What is the function of chromatin?


Input: 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), therefore 46 DNA molecules. *One DNA molecule forms one chromosome.

Output: How many chromosomes are in the human cell, and therefore how many DNA molecules?


Input: Mitosis.

Output: Eukaryote cells generally reproduce themselves by which process?


Input: 1.Interphase 2.Prophase 3.Metaphase 4.Anaphase 5.Telophase

Output: What are the 5 phases of mitosis?


Input: The portion of the cell cycle when the cell is not going through mitosis.

Output: What is interphase?


Input: The Golgi Apparatus.

Output: Where are lysosomes produced?


Input: The DNA molecule looks like a twisted ladder & is called a 'double helix.' The 'rungs' are built with the 4 letter DNA alphabet, A,C, T & G.

Output: Describe the structure of DNA.


Input: A always pairs with T, & C always pairs with G.

Output: How does the DNA's alphabet pieces (the 'ladder rungs') join together?


Input: The 2 strands of the double helix separate ('unzip') & the cell reads each strand, a base at a time and every time it sees a G, it sticks a C on the new complementary strand, an A for every T, a C for every G and a T for every A etc.

Output: How does DNA replicate itself?


Input: Double helix.

Output: DNA is made up of 2 strands that stick together to make a________________?


Input: The basic unit of DNA packaging. It consists of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores.(Like a thread wrapped around a spool).

Output: What is the nucleosome?


Input: First stage of mitosis. Chromatin coils so the chromosomes are visible, nuclear membrane dissolves, centrioles migrate to opposite ends of cell, a spindle made of microtubules forms.

Output: What happens during prophase?


Input: Chromosomes position themselves along the equator of the cell.

Output: What happens during metaphase?


Input: Sister chromatids separate and the two sets of chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the cell.

Output: What happens during anaphase?


Input: Chromosomes begin to uncoil and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. Cell division.

Output: What happens during telophase?


Input: Nucleoli.

Output: What is the plural of nucleolus?


Input: -Transport -Enzymatic activity -Receptors -Intercellular joining -Cell-cell recognition -Attachment to cytoskeleton

Output: What are the 6 functions of proteins in the plasma membrane?


Input: Flexor hallicus longus [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: What muscle forms a groove on the bottom of the calcaneus?

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Formed medially from dorsal venus arch of the foot. Passes anterior to medial malleolus, up medial side of leg, palms breadth from patella. Empties into sapehnous opening in femoral vein. Accompanied by Saphenous branch of femoral nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Greater Saphenous Vein

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Formed laterally from dorsal venous arch of the foot. Passes posterior to lateral malleolus. Pierces fascia at popliteal fossa and enters popliteal vein. Accompanied by sural and medial sural nerves. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Lesser Saphenous Vein

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Branch of femoral nerve which travels in subsartorial canal. Supplies medial side of leg to foot. Gives off omfrapatellar branch which supplies medial knee. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Saphenous Nerve

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Formed from medial (from tibial) and lateral (from common fibial) sural nerves after they supply the upper calf. Descends with saphenous vein and supplies posterior and lateral leg and foot. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Sural Nerve

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Supplies Fibularis longus and brevis. Then supplies skin over dorsum of foot except area between 1st and 2nd toe. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Superficial Fibular Nerve

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: All planterflexors of ankle joint and all insert on the calcaneal tubercle. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Actions and insertions of muscles in Superficial posterior leg

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tibial Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Innervation of muscles in posterior compartment of leg

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Lateral head - lateral aspect of laterla femoral condyle Medial head - Popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle Inserts: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (achilies). Action: 1) Flexor of leg at knee. 2) Plantar flexor of foot at ankle Innervation: Tibial Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Gastrocnemius muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Head and upper part of fibula and soleal line of tibia. Inserts: Through calcaneal tendon (achilies) to back of calcaneus Action: 1) Assist in plantar flexion. Does not cross knee joint. Innervation: Tibial Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Soleus Muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: On lateral condyle of femur next to gastrocnemius muscle. Inserts: On medial side of calcaneus, adjacent to achilies tendon. Action: Weekly plantor flexes ankle and flexes knee. Innervation: Tibial Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Plantaris Muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Inside capsule of knee joint, from lateral side of lateral condyle of femur deep to llateral collateral ligament. Inserts: On back of tibia above soleal line. Action: 1) Medially rotates leg if foot not fixed. Laterally rotates femur if fixed. 2) Unlocks knee joint Innervation: Tibial nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Popliteus Muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Interosseus membrane and adjacent bones Inserts: sustentaculum tali, tubercle of navicular bone, 3 cuneform bones, cuboid bone, and 2-4 metatarsals. Action: 1) Inverts foot. 2) Adducts foot. 3) Plantar flexes foot. Innervation: Tibial Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Tibialis Posterior Muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Medial part of posterior tibia, inferior part of interosseus membrane. Inserts: Distal Phalanx of lateral 4 toes. Action: Flexes lateral 4 digits and plantarflexes ankle Innervation: Tibial nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Fibula and posterior intermuscular septum. Inserts: Grooves inferior surface of sustentaculum tali. Inserts on distal phalanx of great toe. Action: 1) flexes hallux 2) weakly plantarflexes ankle Innervation: Tibial Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Flexor Hallucis longus muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Attached to medial malleolus anteriorly and to cancaneus posteriorly. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Flexor retinaculum

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tom Dick And Nervous Hary 1) Tendon of Tibialis Posterior 2) Tendond of flexor digitorum longus 3) Neurovascular bundle: Posterior tibial artery Tibial Nerve 4) Tendon of flexor hallucis longus [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: 4 Sinovial compartments of flexor retinaculum

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Head and lateral superior part of fibula. Inserts: Descends superficial, then posterior to fibularis brevis and lateral malleolus, turns under cuboid bone, passes under foot and inserts on medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone. Action: 1) Everts foot 2) Abducts foot Innervation: Superficial Fibular nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Fibularis Longus Muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Lower portion of fibula. Inserts: Passes posterior to lateral malleolus and inserts on base of fifth metatarsal. Action: 1) everts foot 2) abducts foot Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Fibularis Brevis muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Attaches to lateral malleolus and calcaneus. Holds both fibularis muscle tendons in place in common sinovial sheath. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Superior fibular retinnaculum

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Attaches to calcaneus near inferior extensor retinaculum, crosses tendons and attaches to lateral surface of calcaneus. In seperate synovial sheaths. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Inferior Fibular Retinaculum

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Deep fibular Nerve and Anterior tibial artery. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Arterial and Nerve supply of anterior Compartment of leg.

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Tibia and interosseus membrane Inserts: Medial/Inferior surface of medial cuneform and base of first metatarsal. Action: 1) Dorsiflex foot 2) Invert foot 3) Adduct foot Innervation: Deep fibular nerve SHIN SPLINTS [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Tibialis Anterior Muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Middle third of leg from interosseus membrane and fibula. Inserts: Distal phalanx of great toe. Action: Extends distal phalanx of great toe and dorsiflexes ankle. Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Extensor Hallucis Longus

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia, fibula, anterior intermuscular septum and interossues membrane. Inserts: Middle and Distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits (extensor expansion). Action: Extends lateral 4 digits and dorsafelxes ankle Innervation: Deep fibular Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Extensor Digitorum Longus

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Inferior third and anterior surface of the fibula and interosseus membrane. Inserts: Looks like part of extensor digitorum longus but has a seperate tendon which inserts on Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal. Acion: Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in foot eversion. Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Fibularis Tertius Muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Thickening of deep fascia between tibia and fibula above the malleoli. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Superior Extensor Retinaculum

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Y shaped. Stem of Y is attaches to upper surface of calcaneus, passes medially over tendons, then divides. One limb over medial malleolus. One limb to deep fascia on medial side of foot to plantar surface. 3 Short synovial sheaths protect the tendons of extensors (not tertius) as they pass under. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Inferior Extensor retinacculum

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Superior/Lateral surface of calcaneus. Inserts: Middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits via longus tendon. Action: Extend PIP joints of lat. 4 digits. Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Origin: Superior/Larteral aspect of calcaneus Inserts: Base of proximal phalanx of hallus. Action: Extend MTP joint of hallus. Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Deep Fascia of the leg [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Crural Fascia

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Formed by 2 heads of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. Fuse togeather to form achilies tendon. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Triceps Surae Muscle

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tibial nerve. Supplies superficial and deep, but only runs in deep. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: What innervates posterior compartment of leg?

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Extra capsular ligament which strengthens Posterior aspect of knee joint. Contains tendonous fibers from semimembranous muscle. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Oblique Popliteal Tendon

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inverters of foot [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Action of tibialis Muscles

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Continuation of femoral. Splits into anterior and posterior tibial artery. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Path of popliteal artery

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Branch of popliteal. Passes through interosseus membrane to supply anterior of leg. Once crosses ankle joint, becomes dorsal artery of foot (dorsalis pedis). Forms arcuate artery which sends perforating branches between metatarsal heads; first one called Deep plantar artery. Arcuate will anastomose with deep plantar arterial arch. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Anterior Tibial Artery

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Supplies posterior compartment of the leg. Gives off fibular artery which mainly supplies lateral leg via perforating branches. Posterior tibial will split into medial and lateral plantar arteries. Lateral plantar forms deep plantar arterial arch. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Posterior Tibial Artery

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Prevent footslap at heelstrike Lift foot to clear ground during swing phase. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Action of dorsiflexors in gait

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Muscles begin to contract at stance phase and continue until just before toe-off. [Sustentaculum Tali]

Output: Actions of plantarflexors in gait

Anatomy Unit 41: Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Generally, there is a uniform body of national corporate law. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] A business incorporated in one state has an automatic right to do business in any other state. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] Any change in shareholders affects the continued existence of a corporation. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] A close corporation may restrict the right of a shareholder to transfer stock by means of a shareholder agreement. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] A shareholder is not an “owner” of a corporation. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] A shareholder in a professional corporation can be liable for malpractice arising from the rendering of professional services. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] A shareholder in a professional corporation can avoid liability for his or her wrongful acts simply by incorporating. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] A promoter is not personally liable for a preincorporation contract. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] The “minimum contacts” rule determines in which state a corporation should be chartered [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] A corporation has perpetual existence in most states unless stated other¬wise in the ar¬ti¬cles of incorporation. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] A corporation’s internal management structure is described in its articles or bylaws. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] An incorporator must have an interest in a corporation to file its articles of incorporation. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] A business that holds itself out as being a corporation may not be able to deny corporate status, even if it makes no attempt to incorporate. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] Corporate bylaws must be approved by the appropriate state official before the corporation’s first organizational meeting. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] A state constitution may restrict a corporation’s implied powers. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] The law of the state of in¬corporation may restrict the implied powers of a corporation. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] Express powers of a corporation can be found in the law of the state of incorporation. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] “Piercing the corporate veil” means revealing to shareholders the internal rules of corporate management. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] Only acts that fall within the express powers of a corporation are ultra vires. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] Any power expressly set out in the bylaws of a corporation is ultra vires. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] A director is elected by a majority vote of the other members of the board. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] No state permits a corporate board to have fewer than three directors. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] Directors are rarely compensated and cannot set their own compensation. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] Incorporators can appoint a corporation’s first board of directors. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] Unlike a director, an officer is not expected to be informed on corporate matters. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] A director may not sit on the board of more than one corporation at a time [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] Directors are required to use a reasonable amount of supervision over the corporate officers [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] Shareholders own a corporation and the right to manage it. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] Shareholders do not have legal title to corporate property but an equitable interest in the firm. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] A voting trust is an illegal restraint of shareholders’ power. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] To vote their shares, shareholders must attend a shareholders’ meeting and vote in person. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] Cumulative voting refers to the accumulation of proposals presented annually for a shareholders’ vote. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] The article of corporation cannot exclude or limit shareholders’ voting rights. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] For action to be taken during a shareholders’ meeting, a forum must be present. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] Preemptive rights entitle shareholders to bring a derivative suit against the corpora¬tion. [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] A stock warrant is a distribution of corporate profits or income [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] Only certain funds are legally available for paying dividends [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] A dividend may be paid from undistributed net corporate profits [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] A share issued for more than its fair market value is watered stock [2]

Output: false


Input: [1] Damages awarded in a shareholder’s derivative suit go into the corporation’s treasury. [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] Pola and Quint want to form and do business as River Tours Corporation. A corporation can consist of [2]

Output: one or more natural persons


Input: [1] Inez and Jason are the shareholders and directors of Kleen Kustodial Corporation. Lily and Moe are Kleen’s officers. As with other corporations, the responsibility for the overall management of Kleen rests with [2]

Output: the board of directors


Input: [1] Skyla and Terry want to form and do business as Unique Boutique Corporation. Most statutes governing the formation and use of corporations are guided by [2]

Output: the Revised Model Business Corporation Act.


Input: [1] Finn and Glenda want to form and do business as Hobby Crafts Corporation. A corporation is a legal entity created and recognized by [2]

Output: state law


Input: [1] Raw Resources Corporation authorizes Stefan, its employee, to oversee its mining operation. In the course of this employment, Stefan disposes of the mine’s waste illegally. Liability for this crime most likely rests with [2]

Output: Raw Resources and Stefan


Input: [1] A firm named Scientific Discovery Corporation (SDC) makes an attempt to incorporate for a purpose other than making a profit. SDC is [2]

Output: a nonprofit corporation.


Input: [1] Boutique Corporation would like to change its corporate status to avoid in-come taxes at the corporate level. To qualify, the shareholders must not be [2]

Output: partnerships


Input: [1] Ruby Red Corporation has six shareholders, four of whom are members of the same family. All of Ruby’s shareholders agree in writing to operate without shareholders’ meetings. Under the Revised Model Business Corporation Act, this most likely warrants [2]

Output: no penalties or sanctions