Input: In a response to critics in 1864, Abraham Lincoln said: Gentlemen, suppose all the property you were worth was in gold, and you had put it in the hands of Blondin to carry across the Niagara River on a rope, would you shake the cable, or keep shouting out to him - 'Blondin, stand up a little straighter - Blondin, stoop a little more - go a little faster - lean a little more to the north - lean a little more to the south?' No, you would hold your breath as well as your tongue, and keep your hands off until he was safe over. The Government are carrying an immense weight. Untold treasures are in their hands. They are doing the very best they can. Don't badger them. Keep silence, and we'll get you safe across. This excerpt provides an example of Lincoln's attempt to do which of the following? a. Establish his credibility and honesty with an easily understood analogy b. Use a narrative to contrast the differences between a tightrope walker and the government c. Provide critics with an alternative perspective of government involvement d. Use an analogy to compare the difficulties faced by a tightrope walker and the government

Output: The correct answer is D. Lincoln compares the difficulties of being a tightrope walker with those of the government. A comparison is a type of analogy that makes a connection between a concept that is understood and a concept that the speaker wants listeners to understand.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following is most likely used by individuals who travel across the country giving speeches for money as part of a lecture circuit? a. Extemporaneous mode b. Impromptu mode c. Memorized mode d. Manuscript mode

Output: The correct answer is C. A lecturer who gives the same speech to different audiences most likely uses the memorized speech delivery mode. Professional speakers often give a speech so many times that they learn when to expect laughs and applause.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: The amount of time spent discussing an idea in a speech is referred to as which of the following? a. Repetition b. Proportion c. Position d. Transition

Output: The correct answer is B. Proportion is the amount of time devoted in a speech to the development of an idea. Listeners perceive ideas that are discussed at length as more important.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Failing to cite sources used in a speech and presenting the ideas as your own is known by which of the following terms? a. Incompetence b. Accountability c. Paraphrasing d. Plagiarism

Output: The correct answer is D. Plagiarism is the failure to credit sources for ideas or words. Ethical speakers cite the sources they use, which also adds credibility to their speech.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: A time-sequence organizational pattern would be appropriate for which of the following speech topics? a. Where are important Civil War battlegrounds located? b. Casual smoking leads to nicotine addiction. c. How do you make a homemade piecrust? d. Many children in the U.S. are obese.

Output: The correct answer is C. The time-sequence pattern is used to illustrate steps in a process. Audience members should be able to follow the steps provided in the speech to make a piecrust.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following would be suitable for a speaker who wants to make a speculation about the future? a. Logical definition b. Factual example c. Operational definition d. Hypothetical example

Output: The correct answer is D. Hypothetical examples are appropriate when a speaker wants to discuss events that may occur in the future. Hypothetical examples are also useful when a speaker cannot find an actual example that is suitable for the point being made.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following methods of reducing speech apprehension involves learning relaxation techniques and imagining stressful situations? a. Public speaking skills training b. Performance orientation c. Communication orientation d. Systematic desensitization

Output: The correct answer is D. Systematic desensitization requires a person to learn how to relax while thinking of frightening events. The individual creates a hierarchy of fears and uses the relaxation techniques while facing each fear.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following is the most effective way to listen actively during a speech? a. Take good notes during the speech b. Ask the speaker questions afterwards c. Sit as close as possible to the speaker d. Follow the provided speech outline

Output: The correct answer is A. Taking notes is an effective method of active listening. Note taking can be used as a tool to remember information presented in a speech.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following best describes the purpose of speech criticism? a. Point out mistakes and fallacies b. Debate reasoning and arguments c. Provide feedback and give suggestions d. Assess problems and offer suggestions

Output: The correct answer is C. The purpose of criticizing a speech is to give negative and positive feedback to the speaker and to offer suggestions for improvement. Criticism should not involve focusing only on the negative; it should include praise for the positive and suggestions for weaknesses.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following is the most effective way to evaluate a speech? a. Focus only on the positive elements b. Speak on behalf of the entire audience c. Offer general advice that is not offensive d. Provide specific comments with examples

Output: The correct answer is D. Criticism is most effective if it is specific rather than general. Use examples from the speech to clarify comments.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following may negatively affect the delivery of a speech? a. Making gestures below the waist b. Pausing at transitional points c. Varying voice and bodily action d. Citing sources of information

Output: The correct answer is A. Making gestures below the waist should be avoided during a speech. Audience members may inadvertently shift their attention from a speaker's face to the speaker's gestures.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: A very brief statement that focuses audience attention on a key idea is referred to as which of the following? a. Transition b. Signpost c. Internal summary d. Internal preview

Output: The correct answer is B. Signposts indicate to listeners where a speaker is in a speech. Examples of signposts include "the first cause" or "the second reason."

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following types of reasoning would be most suitable for speeches related to public policies, such as "gun control will reduce violent crimes in America" and "school vouchers will improve U.S. public schools"? a. Causal reasoning b. Analogical reasoning c. Reasoning from principle d. Reasoning from specific instances

Output: The correct answer is B. Analogical reasoning is typically used in persuasive speeches regarding policy issues. In such speeches, a new policy is compared to a similar policy that has been employed elsewhere.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following should a speaker do when adapting a speech to an unwilling audience? a. Ask audience members to participate in the presentation b. Begin the speech by establishing credibility and expertise c. Integrate humor and interesting statistics into the speech d. Use charts, statistics, and graphs to explain information

Output: The correct answer is C. Sometimes audiences are unwilling listeners, such as high school students who are required to attend an assembly. Speakers faced with such unwilling audiences should gain attention early with interesting facts, statistics, and humor before transitioning to the main topic.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: "To inform my audience of the recent progress in cancer research" is an example of which of the following? a. General purpose b. Thesis statement c. Topic sentence d. Specific purpose

Output: The correct answer is D. The statement is an example of a specific purpose for a speech. The specific purpose should be worded as an infinitive phrase and be limited to one objective.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which component of a speech should be organized and created first? a. Introduction b. Body c. Conclusion d. Bibliography

Output: The correct answer is B. The body of a speech is typically developed and organized before the introduction and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion should reflect information in the body.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: A speech that concludes with the notion that unethical lawyers are common in the United States because numerous attorneys have been convicted recently of fraud is using which of the following methods of reasoning? a. Causal reasoning b. Analogical reasoning c. Reasoning from principle d. Reasoning from specific instances

Output: The correct answer is D. Reasoning from specific instances moves from a number of facts to a general conclusion. These types of conclusions are not infallible because exceptions always exist.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: The correct answer is D. Reasoning from specific instances moves from a number of facts to a general conclusion. These types of conclusions are not infallible because exceptions always exist.

Output: The correct answer is A. Slang or jargon may lower credibility if it is offensive or out-of-date. If used appropriately, jargon or slang can create a connection between speaker and audience.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following is considered a negative aspect of Internet research? a. Difficulty of usage b. Quality of information c. Number of resources d. Quantity of information

Output: The correct answer is B. Internet resources are not always of the highest quality. Unlike cursory and questionable Internet information, research materials found in libraries are typically deeper, wider ranging, and more documented.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: A person who becomes anxious during any type of public speech but is outgoing and dynamic among peers, strangers, and groups, most likely suffers from which of the following communication apprehensions? a. Traitlike b. Audience-based c. Situational d. Context-based

Output: The correct answer is D. Context-based communication apprehension occurs when a person suffers from speaking apprehension in one type of setting but not in other settings. For example, most people communicate with individuals or groups without anxiety but become nervous when speaking publicly.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Taking advantage of which of the following will most likely improve a person's ability to evaluate a speech and take better notes? a. Forecasting b. Task functions c. Power distance d. Thought speed

Output: The correct answer is D. Thought speed is the difference between the rate of speech and the rate of thought; a fast speed can improve a person's ability to evaluate speeches. A high thought speed enables a listener to anticipate a speaker's next point, summarize what a speaker has said, and evaluate supporting materials.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: The way in which words and syllables are accented refers to which of the following? a. Rate b. Pitch c. Stress d. Volume

Output: The correct answer is C. Stress is the way people accent words. Vocal stress can be attained during speech delivery by emphasizing certain words and pausing at strategic moments.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following elements is most important to consider when evaluating a persuasive speech? a. Delivery and eye contact b. Examples and narratives c. Reasoning and evidence d. Visual aids and demonstration

Output: The correct answer is C. Reasoning and evidence are especially important to consider when evaluating persuasive speeches. A persuasive speech depends on the soundness of the evidence and the method of reasoning.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: The use of specialized language in a speech should be based upon which of the following? a. Reasoning and evidence b. Speaker credibility c. Supporting materials d. Audience analysis

Output: The correct answer is D. Information gained from an audience analysis will determine a speaker's language and style. If an audience consists of people who will understand technical jargon, then it is appropriate to use specialized terms.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following is one of the primary goals of a speech conclusion? a. Provide an opportunity for questions b. Reinforce audience understanding c. Provide details about source materials d. Reinforce credibility and goodwill

Output: The correct answer is B. The conclusion should wrap up the speech and reinforce the central idea that was presented. Summaries or relevant quotations are often used to conclude speeches.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following is most likely the biggest error that beginning speakers make when selecting a speech topic? a. Trying to address the needs of an entire audience b. Trying to include too many supporting materials c. Trying to stretch a small topic into a lengthy speech d. Trying to cover a large topic in a short time frame

Output: The correct answer is D. The mistake made by most first-time speakers is to choose a wide-ranging topic when a short time frame is given. The result is a speech that lacks depth.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following tools would be most useful for a persuasive speaker who wants to learn listener attitudes before giving a speech? a. Sociological analysis b. Audience questionnaire c. Gallup Poll statistics d. Audience demographics

Output: The correct answer is B. A questionnaire will provide a speaker with information about audience attitudes. The speaker will then be able to tailor persuasive arguments towards that particular audience and give a more effective speech.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following is a potential benefit of an organized speech? a. Audiences perceive a speaker as competent b. Speakers reinforce audience preconceptions c. Audiences agree with the speaker's points d. Speakers present many supporting materials

Output: The correct answer is A. A well-organized speech conveys to the audience that the speaker is prepared, competent, and credible. A disorganized speech loses the attention of listeners.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: A speaker who compares playing football with running a business is using which of the following to illustrate a point? a. Enthymeme b. Literal analogy c. Extrinsic proof d. Figurative analogy

Output: The correct answer is D. A figurative analogy makes a comparison between two very different things. A figurative analogy helps to illustrate a similarity, but it does not provide factual evidence.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following refers to how a word or phrase arouses feelings of anger, love, fear, and guilt among listeners? a. Emotional appeal b. Connotative meaning c. Figurative language d. Denotative meaning

Output: The correct answer is B. Connotative meaning is the emotions or associations triggered by a word or a phrase. For example, the word "marriage" may trigger feelings of love and happiness for some listeners but feelings of anger and disappointment for others.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following indexes and abstracts articles from publications such as Newsweek, Scientific American, Psychology Today, and Sports Illustrated? a. General database b. Library catalogue c. Reference work d. Yearbook

Output: The correct answer is A. A general database indexes and abstracts a wide variety of magazines, as well as some academic journals. Reader's Guide, ProQuest, and Lexis/Nexis are examples of general databases.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: What is the term used for generating speech topic ideas through the free association of words and concepts? a. Brainstorming b. Interviewing c. Journaling d. Outlining

Output: The correct answer is A. Brainstorming is a way to generate many ideas either alone or with other people. Brainstorming for topics can be done by taking a personal inventory, clustering, or searching for information in books or on the Internet.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: An introduction that illustrates how a speech topic is in the listener's self-interest most likely includes which of the following? a. Vivid quotation b. Personal reference c. Startling statement d. Suspenseful statement

Output: The correct answer is B. Introductions that personalize a topic for listeners gain the attention of the audience. A personal reference engages listeners to participate actively in the speech.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following is a common cause of public speaking apprehension? a. Insufficient planning and preparation b. Inability to develop a speech plan c. Poorly structured audience analysis d. Failure to adapt to audience cues

Output: The correct answer is A. The primary reason people have speech apprehension is underdeveloped speaking skills. Reducing public speaking apprehensions requires practice and planning.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following terms refers to the evaluation of speech communication recommended by Aristotle? a. Rhetorical criticism b. Informative listening c. Audience feedback d. Active listening

Output: The correct answer is A. Rhetorical criticism is the analysis and evaluation of a speech. Aristotle recommended studying and learning from the message and style of effective speakers.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following would be the best tool for finding information about federal laws and regulations associated with water pollution? a. Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe b. Reader's Guide Full Text c. World Almanac d. Facts on File

Output: The correct answer is A. The Lexis/Nexis database provides abstracts on thousands of environmental journals and government reports. Information is updated daily, and full-text articles are available.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: A deductive argument in which either the conclusion or a premise is implied instead of explicitly stated is referred to as which of the following? a. Equivocation b. Enthymeme c. Literal analogy d. Figurative analogy

Output: The correct answer is B. An enthymeme is a deductive argument that is implied rather than stated. When listening to speeches, it is important to notice what information has been implied in addition to what has been stated.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following ethical theories encourages public speakers to speak truthfully and use sound, supporting evidence? a. Credibility-centered ethics b. Ends and means c. Situation ethics d. Social utility

Output: The correct answer is A. Credibility-centered ethics promotes speakers to be competent and trustworthy in order to increase their credibility with listeners. Speakers should avoid any statements or actions that might cause listeners to disbelieve the information being presented.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following should be avoided during a speech to ensure language clarity? a. Figurative language b. Sentence fragments c. Contractions d. Homophones

Output: The correct answer is D. Homophones, which are words that sound the same but have different meanings, should be avoided in a speech. Listeners may misunderstand which word the speaker is using.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: What is the primary advantage of using research material from a monthly periodical instead of a book? a. Information is reliable b. Information is easy to locate c. Information is more detailed d. Information is current

Output: The correct answer is D. Information from a monthly periodical will be more current than information from a book, which takes time to publish. Large libraries typically subscribe to electronic databases that index articles in magazines and academic journals.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which of the following terms characterizes statements such as "all women are afraid of guns" or "all tall people excel at basketball"? a. Cultural insensitivity b. Racial profiling c. Stereotyping d. Political bias

Output: The correct answer is C. Stereotyping occurs when people develop oversimplified concepts about specific groups of people. Assumptions are made that all members of a certain group think and act the same way.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: The behavior that a speaker desires from listeners after giving a speech is referred to as which of the following? a. Emotional appeal b. Emotional impact c. Appeal to action d. Speech effectiveness

Output: The correct answer is C. An appeal to action is often used to conclude persuasive speeches. The speaker hopes that after listeners have heard the arguments they will be persuaded to act.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Which type of argument is being used in a statement such as "more people will travel this summer because the price of gas has fallen dramatically"? a. Argument from causation b. Argument from example c. Argument from analogy d. Argument from sign

Output: The correct answer is A. Argument from causation indicates that one event brings about a predictable effect. For example, if gas prices have dropped, and we know that low gas prices mean more summer travel, then we can expect more people to travel.

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

The correct answer is C. The audience's perception of a speaker's character depends on how the speaker demonstrates his or her belief in values and principles. A speaker should make it clear that he or she is concerned about important, long-term issues rather than insignificant ones.


Input: Communications requirements analysis, Communications technology

Output: What are the tools and techniques for Communications Planning?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: Communications Management plan

Output: What are the outputs for Communications Planning?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: Communications management plan

Output: What are the inputs for Information Distribution?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: Communications skills, Information gathering and retrieval systems, Information Distribution methods, Lessons learned process

Output: What are the tools and techniques for Information Distribution?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: Organizational process assets (updates), Requested changes

Output: What are the outputs for Information distribution?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: 1. Work Performance Information 2. Performance Measurements 3. Forecasted Completion 4. Quality control measurements 5. Project Management Plan 6. Approved Change requests 7. Deliverables

Output: What are the inputs for Perormance Reporting?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: 1. Information presentation tools 2. Performance information gathering and compilation 3. Status review meetings 4. Time reporting systems 5. Cost reporting systems

Output: What are the tools and techniques for Performance Reporting?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: 1. Performance Reports 2. Forecasts 3. Requested Changes 4. Recommended corrective actions 5. Organizational process assets

Output: What are the outputs for Performance Reporting?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: 1. Communications Management Plan 2. Organizational process assets

Output: What are the inputs for Manage Stakeholders?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: 1. Communication methods 2. Issue logs

Output: What are the tools and techniques for Manage Stakeholders?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: 1. Resolved issues 2. Approved change requests 3. Approved Corrective actions 4. Organizational Process Assets 5. Project Management Plan

Output: What are the outputs for Manage Stakeholders?

PMP Communications ITTO Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the inputs for Communications planning?


Input: [Cell Wall] Chromatin

Output: Long, tangles strands of DNA found in the cell nucleus during interphase

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Nucleolus

Output: Cell nucleus that produces ribosome

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Ribosomes

Output: Nonmembrane-bound organelles in the nucleus where enzymes and other proteins are assembled

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Cytoplasm

Output: Clear, gelatinous fluid that suspends the cell`s organelles and is the site of numerous chemical reactions

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Endoplasmic Reticulum

Output: Organelle with a series of highly folded membranes surrounded in cytoplasm; site of cellular chemical reactions

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Golgi apparatus

Output: Modifies proteins and sends them to their appropriate destinations

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Vacuoles

Output: Membrane-bound fluid-filled space in the cytoplasm of the plant cells used for temporary storage of materials

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Lysosomes

Output: Organelles that contains digestive enzymes

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Chloroplast

Output: Chlorophyll-containing cell organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Plastids

Output: Group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Chlorophyll

Output: Light-absorbing pigments in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Mitochondria

Output: Membrane-bound organelles that transform energy stored in food molecules into ATP

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Cytoskeleten

Output: Cellular framework found within the cytoplasm composed of microtubules and microfilaments

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Microfilaments

Output: Thin, solid protein fibers that provide structural support

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Microtubules

Output: Thin, hollow cylinders made of proteins that provide structural support

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Cilia

Output: Short, numerous, hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: [Cell Wall] Flagella

Output: Long, hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules

Cell Organelles Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

A fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection


Input: reflects positive factors. [People in committed relations]

Output: Love

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Commitment reflects stable factors [People in committed relations]

Output: Commitment

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is a model. [People in committed relations]

Output: A prototype

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: feeling of ease and understanding of each other [People in committed relations]

Output: Rapport-

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: disclosure of intimate feelings [People in committed relations]

Output: Self-Revelation

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: need for each other to share pleasures, fears, laughter. [People in committed relations]

Output: Mutual Dependence

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: need for someone to love, confide in and for understanding [People in committed relations]

Output: Intimacy Needs for Fulfillment

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: emphasizes the dynamic quality of love relationships [People in committed relations]

Output: triangular theory of love

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: include: trust, caring, honesty, friendship, respect, loyalty, [People in committed relations]

Output: prototype model

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: triangular theory of love is composed of three elements, as the points of a triangle [People in committed relations]

Output: intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment.

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Many authorities believe that the form of ____ that we form in later life has its roots in the attachments formed in infancy. [People in committed relations]

Output: attachment

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: maintains that the degree and quality of attachments we experience in early life influence our later relationships. [People in committed relations]

Output: Attachment theory

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is love that is not returned. [People in committed relations]

Output: Unrequited love

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is an aversive response that occurs because of a partner’s real, imagined, or likely involvement with a third person. [People in committed relations]

Output: Jealousy

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1 are more likely to express anger, while 2.are more likely to suppress it and feel depress [People in committed relations]

Output: 1. Men 2.women

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sadly, ______ love does not last forever! [People in committed relations]

Output: passionate

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: affects our levels of intimacy, passion and commitment. [People in committed relations]

Output: Time

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is based on commitment, caring and self-disclosure. [People in committed relations]

Output: Intimate love

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: We select our partners from the ____ marketplace. [People in committed relations]

Output: marriage

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The _____ is a process where we exchange goods (ourselves) with a potential partner. [People in committed relations]

Output: marriage marketplace

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Traditionally, the males used his ____as the tradeoff for a female’s physical ___ [People in committed relations]

Output: 1. power and status 2. attractiveness and childbearing.

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: However, females still lag behind males in [People in committed relations]

Output: income, power and status.

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Overall there are more unmarried women than men: [People in committed relations]

Output: 84 single men per100 single women.

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: refers to the tendency for women to marry men of higher status [People in committed relations]

Output: Marriage gradient

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hatfield and Sprecher, ____ is the sole characteristic in every social interaction. It is most important during the initial meeting and early stages of a relationship. [People in committed relations]

Output: appearance

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -marriage outside a particular group [People in committed relations]

Output: 2.exogamy

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The halo effect is the assumption that good-looking people possess more ____ than unattractive people. [People in committed relations]

Output: desirable social characteristics

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: marriage within a particular group [People in committed relations]

Output: 1.endogamy-

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tendency to choose a mote whose personal characteristics are similar to ours. [People in committed relations]

Output: 3.Homogamy

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the tendency to choose a mate whose personal characteristics differ from our own. [People in committed relations]

Output: 4.Heterogamy

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -People who marry outside their ___tend to have a slightly higher divorce rate. [People in committed relations]

Output: religious faiths

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: do not attract according to many of the recent studies. [People in committed relations]

Output: Opposites

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: people are drawn to each other before actual interaction. The attraction can be physical, mental or social. [People in committed relations]

Output: 1.Stimulus stage-

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Each weigh the other’s basic values in order to determine compatibility. [People in committed relations]

Output: 2.Value stage

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Each analyzes the other’s behavior. [People in committed relations]

Output: 3.Role stage-

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: stages of mate selection [People in committed relations]

Output: stimulus, role and value

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: are most likely to initiate a meeting directly [People in committed relations]

Output: Men

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is living together without marriage. [People in committed relations]

Output: Cohabitation

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: refer to cohabiting heterosexuals, lesbian, and gay couples in committed relationships [People in committed relations]

Output: Domestic Partners

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: It does not have much impact on marital success. [People in committed relations]

Output: Cohabitiation

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Generally parents’ beliefs do not have a strong influence on an adolescent’s decision to have sex. However, ____ is a key factor in preventing teenage pregnancy [People in committed relations]

Output: parental involvement

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: most important source of modifying tradition sexual scripts [People in committed relations]

Output: 4.Partner influence-

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is a set of expectations of how one is to behave sexually as a female or male and as a heterosexual, lesbian, or gay. [People in committed relations]

Output: Sexual script

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1.sex is good and bad 2.don’t touch me down there 3.sex is for men 4.men know what women want 5.women should not talk about sex 6.women should look like models 7.women are nurturers 8.there is only one right way to experience orgasm [People in committed relations]

Output: Traditional Female sexual scripts

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1.Men should not have feelings such as doubts. 2.performance is the thing that counts 3.the man is in charge 4.A man always wants sex and is ready for it. 5.all physical contact leads to sex 6.sex equals intercourse 7.sexual intercourse always leads to orgasm [People in committed relations]

Output: Traditional Male sexual scripts

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1.sexual expression is positive 2.sexual activities are a mutual exchange of erotic pleasure 3.Sexuality is equally involving of both partners, and the partners are equally responsible. 4.Legitimate sexual activities are not limited to sexual intercourse but also include masturbation and oral-genital sex. 5.Sexual activities may be initiated by either partner. 6.Both partners have a right to experience orgasm, whether through intercourse, oral-genital sex or manual stimulation. 7.Nonmarital sex is acceptable within a relationship context. Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Identities Heterosexual-sexually attracted to members of the other gender. Homosexual-sexually attracted to members of the same gender. (Gay-men. Lesbian-woman) Bisexual-sexually attracted to both genders. [People in committed relations]

Output: Contemporary Sexual Scripts

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Many researches believe that a person’s____ is established by age 4 or 5. [People in committed relations]

Output: sexual interest

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: erotic attraction to members of the same gender- [People in committed relations]

Output: Homoeroticism-

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -publicly acknowledging one’s gayness. [People in committed relations]

Output: Coming out

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Our society tends to discount the sexuality of the aged. One reason is that we associate___with youth. [People in committed relations]

Output: sex

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is on of the least understood [People in committed relations]

Output: Sexuality

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sexual activities that involve only self. [People in committed relations]

Output: Autoeroticism

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -overtly sexual dreams [People in committed relations]

Output: Erotic Dreams

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -most acceptable of all premarital sexual activities. [People in committed relations]

Output: 3.Kissing

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: improving the quality of a sexual relationship. [People in committed relations]

Output: Sexual Enhancement-

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -sex that occurs outside of marriage generally among single persons. [People in committed relations]

Output: Nonmarital sex

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: never-married adults under the age of thirty. [People in committed relations]

Output: Premarital sex-

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sexual interaction that take place outside the marital relationship. [People in committed relations]

Output: Extramarital sex-

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: married couples tend to have sex about three times a week [People in committed relations]

Output: Newly

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tends to diminish in frequency the longer the couple is married. [People in committed relations]

Output: Sexual intercourse

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: , in ____marriages, a partner is less likely to seek outside sexual relationships. [People in committed relations]

Output: happy

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is the prevention of pregnancy using any number of devices, techniques or drugs. [People in committed relations]

Output: Contraception

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is the termination of a pregnancy. [People in committed relations]

Output: Abortion

Marriage and Family Test Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] to shout or cry out loudly [2]

Output: bawl


Input: [1] very sorry for a wrong one has done [2]

Output: contrite


Input: [1] disrespectful [2]

Output: insolent


Input: [1] to make the sound characteristic of a sheep [2]

Output: bleated


Input: [1] moving from place to place without a fixed home [2]

Output: vagabond


Input: [1] confused [2]

Output: flummox


Input: [1] varmints [2]

Output: birds or animals that are considered pests


Input: [1] to throw into disorder; to mix up [2]

Output: confound


Input: [1] to come to understand [2]

Output: fathom


Input: [1] wet spongy ground [2]

Output: bog


Input: [1] to sink or stick fast in mire; to soil with mud or slush [2]

Output: mired


Input: [1] not ashamed of or embarrassed by one's bad behavior [2]

Output: brazen


Input: [1] sneakily committing harmful acts [2]

Output: dastardly


Input: [1] stupefy or to confuse [2]

Output: befuddled


Input: [1] rudely proud in a manner that expresses scorn for others [2]

Output: haughtiness


Input: [Government] public policies

Output: all of those things a government decides to do

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies


Input: [Government] state

Output: a boyd of poeple living in a defined territory, organized politically, and iwth the power to make and enforce laws

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies


Input: [Government] territory

Output: land with known and recognized boundaries

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies


Input: [Government] sovereign

Output: has supreme and absolute power within its own territory

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies


Input: [Government] the force theory

Output: the theory that one person or group claimed control over an area and forced all within it to submit to that person's or group's rule.

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies


Input: [Government] the evolutionary theory

Output: the theory that the state developed naturally out of the early family

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies


Input: [Government] the divine right theory

Output: Held that the state was created by God and that God had given those of royal birth a right to rule

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Epidural block

Output: Regional anesthesia effective through the first and second stage of labor

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] General anesthesia

Output: state of induced unconsciousness that may be achieved through intravenous injection or inhalation or both methods

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Local infiltration anesthesia

Output: injecting an anesthetic agent into intracuteaneous, subcutaneous, intramuscular area of perineum

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Pudendal block

Output: injection into pudendal nerve to produce numbness of the external genitals and the lower one third of the vagina to permit birth and episiotomy

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Regional Analgesia

Output: temporary and reversible loss of sensation produced by injecting an anesthetic agent into an area that bring the agent into direct contact with the nervous tissue

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Spinal Block

Output: Injection of a local anesthetic agent directly into the spinal fluid in the spinal canal to provide anesthesia for vaginal & cesarean births

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Afterpains

Output: cramplike pains due to contractions of the uterus that occur after childbirth

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Boggy uterus

Output: uterine fundus when it is not firmly contracted after the birth of the baby, excessive bleeding occurs from placental site and hemorrhage may occur

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Diastasis recti abdominins

Output: separation of the recti abdominis muscles along the median line, cause by incomplete delivery

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] En Face

Output: A assumed position in which one person looks at another and maintains his or her face in the same vertical plan as the other

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Engrossement

Output: sense of sbsorption, preoccupation and interet in the infant by the father during early contact with their infants

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Fundus

Output: upper portion of the uterus between the fallopian tubes

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Involution

Output: Rolling or turning inward, the reduction in size of the uterus after childbirth

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Lochia

Output: Maternal discharge of blood , mucus, and tissue from the uterus, may last several weeks after brith

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Lochia alba

Output: white vag discharge last 10th thru 21st day after birth

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Lochia rubra

Output: red blood tinges vag discharge following birth 2 to 4 days after birth

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Lochia serosa

Output: Pink serous and blood tinged vag discharge 7 to 10 days after birth

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Order of Lochia

Output: Rubra, Serosa, Alba,

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Maternal role attainment

Output: Process by which mother learn behavior & Identifies w being mom.

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Postpartum blues

Output: mild depression, tearfulness, anxiety, HA, irritability

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Puerperium

Output: completion of the third stage of labor until involution of the uterus is complete usually 6 weeks.

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Reciprocity

Output: An interaction cycle that occurs between mother and baby, curing, synchrony, rhythmicity

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Subinvolution

Output: Failure of a part to return to normal size after child birth i.e. uterus.

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Continuous epidural infusion

Output: epidural catheter is left in place following the cesarean birth and medication is continually administered via electric pump

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Couplet care

Output: Baby remains at bedside and mother and baby are cared for my same nurse.

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Family-centered care

Output: Home environment and care for father, mother & infant

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Mother-baby care

Output: Baby remains at bedside and mother and baby are cared for my same nurse.

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)

Output: Self administration of pain med via pump

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Active alert state

Output: Alert state marked by increase in facial and body movement, with fussing

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Active sleep

Output: light sleep

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Cosleeping

Output: An infant sleeping in close social and or physical contact with a committed caregiver

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Crying State

Output: a state in the infant sleep/awake cycle in which increased motor activity grimaces eyes that are tightly closed or open, extreme response to stimuli

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Drowsy state

Output: state between light sleep and quiet alert state. Infant opens and closes eyes appear glazed and face is often still

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Late preterm infant

Output: An infant born between 34 to 37 weeks of gestation.

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Light sleep

Output: highest portion of newborn sleep,

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Postpartal home care

Output: Home visit for postpartal families occurring in the home setting.

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Quiet alert state

Output: brightening of the eyes and face. Attentive and provide positive feedback to care giver.

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Quiet sleep

Output: deep sleep

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Shaken baby injuries

Output: Injuries acquired by an infant as a result of being shaken or hit.

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [Analgesic potentiators] Tummy Time

Output: Prone positioning while awake

can decrease anxiety, & incr the effectiveness of analgesics when given simultaneously


Input: [boiling point] condensation

Output: change of gas to liquid (exothermic)

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] critical point

Output: a combination of temperature and pressure beyond which a gas cannot be liquefied

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] deposition

Output: change of a gas directly to a solid

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] freezing

Output: change of a liquid to a solid

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] Heat of fusion (deltaH of fusion)

Output: the amount of heat required for melting a solid to a liquid

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] Heat of vaporization (delta H of vap)

Output: the amount of heat required for vaporization of a liquid to a gas

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] melting point

Output: the temperature at which solid and liquid coexist in equilibrium

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] normal boiling point

Output: the temperature at which boiling occurs when there is exactly 1 atm of external pressure

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] normal melting point

Output: the temperature at which melting occurs when there is exactly 1 atm of external pressure

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] phase change

Output: a process in which the physical form but not the chemical identity of a substance changes

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] phase diagram

Output: a plot showing the effects of pressure and temperature on the physical state of a substance

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] sublimation

Output: the direct conversion of a solid to a vapor

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] supercritical fluid

Output: a state of matter beyond the critical point that is neither liquid nor gas

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] triple point

Output: a unique combination of pressure and temperature at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist in equilibrium

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: [boiling point] vaporization

Output: the change of a liquid to a gas

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com

the temperature at which liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium


Input: Objective Distinguish between the two types of thirst.

Output: See study guide.

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: Objective Identify the body's two mechanisms for detecting loss of blood volume.

Output: Suppose you lose a significant amount of body fluid by bleeding, diarrhea, or sweating. Although osmotic pressure has not changed anywhere in the body, you need fluid. Your heart has trouble pumping blood up the head, and nutrients do not flow as easily as usual into the cells. Your body detects this loss of volume in two ways: 1. Receptors in the veins signal the kidneys to release rennin, which in turn produces angiotensin II—a substance that constricts the blood vessels, compensating for the drop in blood pressure. 2. When angiontensin II reaches the brain, it stimulates neurons in the subfornical area, which detect lower blood volume.

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: Objective Describe the mechanism that gives rise to sodium hunger.

Output: When sodium reserves are low, the adrenal glands secrete aldosterone, which causes the kidneys, salivary glands, and sweat glands to retain salt.

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: vasopressin

Output: Hormone that raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: antidiuretic hormone

Output: Enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: osmotic pressure

Output: The tendency of water to flow across a semipermeable membrane from the area of low solute concentration to the area of higher concentration

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: osmotic thirst

Output: Type of thirst caused by consuming excessive amounts of salt, which results in a higher concentration of solutes in the extracellular fluid; osmotic pressure draws water from the cells into the extracellular fluid; certain neurons detect their own loss of water and then trigger osmotic thirst

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: OVLT

Output: Area important for detecting osmotic pressure and salt content of blood


Input: supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus

Output: Parts of the hypothalamus that control the rate at which the posterior pituitary release vasopressin

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: lateral preoptic area

Output: Area that controls drinking

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: angiotension II

Output: Hormone that constricts the blood vessels, thus compensating for the drop in blood pressure

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: hypovolemic thirst

Output: Thirst based on low blood volume

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: sodium-specific hunger

Output: Strong craving for salty tastes; caused by insufficient salt intake

The posterior pituitary gland releases a hormone called vasopression, which raises blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels. The increased pressure helps compensate for a decreased volume of water. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because it enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and therefore make the urine more concentrated.


Input: aldosterone

Output: Hormone released by the adrenal glands that causes the kidneys, salivary glands, and sweat glands to retain salt


Input: [2] protein A [1]

Output: surface antigen that binds to the Fc region of IgG and makes it unavailable to the receptor site on the phagocyte

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] clumping factor [1]

Output: surface antigen that promotes adherence to tissues, catheters, etc.

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] teichoic acid [1]

Output: surface antigen that mediates adhesion by binding to tissue fibronectin

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] coagulase [1]

Output: extracellular enzyme that prevents opsonization and phagocytosis

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] lipase [1]

Output: extracellular enzyme that plays role in pathogenesis of boils and acne

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] hyaluronidase [1]

Output: extracellular enzyme that hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] nucleases [1]

Output: extracellular enzyme that cleaves DNA and RNA

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Hemolysin Enterotoxin (SE) Epidermolytic/Exfoliative Toxin (ET) Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST-1) [1]

Output: 4 types of toxins

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ingestion of contaminated food [1]

Output: Food poisoning is transmitted by

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Aspiration of nasopharyngeal secretions [1]

Output: Pneumonia is transmitted by

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] direct contact or by contaminated clothing and bed linens [1]

Output: Person to person transmission is passed through

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] FIFO, APE Folliculitis, Impetigo, Furunculosis and Carbunculosis (Boils), Osteomyelitis, Arthritis, Pneumonia, Endocarditis [1]

Output: Name seven inflammatory diseases

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Impetigo [1]

Output: Red rash on the face characterized by

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] 2-6 hours [1]

Output: The incubation period for food poisoning is

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] S. aureus in food produces toxin, the toxin is ingested, and interacts with mucosa [1]

Output: The vomiting and diarrhea associated with food poisoning is caused by

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) [1]

Output: This condition is characterized by fever, rash, and shock, and has a death rate of 3%

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] S. aureus grows in the tampon, then TSST-1 enters the bloodstream [1]

Output: How is TSS caused?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] colony morphology [1]

Output: large, creamy, opaque colonies, usually beta-hemolytic

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] catalase +, mannitol/salt +, coagulase + [1]

Output: biochemical testing steps:

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Methicillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin [1]

Output: These are beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins:

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Vancomycin [1]

Output: If MRSA:

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] biofilm [1]

Output: What does staphylococcus epidermidis produce?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] patient's skin or the hands of hospital staff [1]

Output: What is the source of staphylococcus epidermidis?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] prosthetic devices [1]

Output: Where does staphylococcus epidermidis colonize?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] The biofilm erodes the plastic surface and/or breaks off and disseminates [1]

Output: What effect does staphylococcus epidermidis have on the prosthetic devices?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] removal of the device [1]

Output: How is staphylococcus epidermis treated?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Yes, about 40% of coagulase-negative staphylococci are [1]

Output: Are staphylococci resistant to beta-lactamase resistant antibiotics?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Vancomycin, also rifampin and gentamicin in some cases [1]

Output: Which antibiotic is the choice for staphylococci?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Staphylococcus saprophyticus [1]

Output: What is an important cause of urinary tract infections?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] young, sexually active women [1]

Output: up to 30% of UTI's are in which group?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] they are often ignored [1]

Output: What is one problem with UTI's

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Gram-positive cocci in chains, catalase negative, nutritionally fastidious, hemolysis: alpha negative, beta-negative, or none, metabolism: aerotolerant anaerobes [1]

Output: What are some group characteristics of streptococci?

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] S. pyogenes [1]

Output: GAS is an acronym for

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Capsule (Hyaluronic acid), M protein, LTA (Lipoteichoic acid), F protein [1]

Output: Surface Antigens for S. pyrogenes are:

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] make notecards, read book! [1]

Output: go back to 28 & 29 slides

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Impetigo, Cellulitis, Erysipelas, Streptococcal Pharyngitis [1]

Output: 4 Pyogenic Diseases:

Staphylococci & Streptococci Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Deconditioned] Proprioception

Output: The cumulative neutral input to the central nervous system from mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movement

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] Proprioceptively Enriched Environment

Output: An unstable (but controlled) environment where exercises are performed that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] Phase of Training

Output: Smaller divisions of training progressions that fall within the 3 building blocks

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] Stabilization

Output: Ability of the body's stabilizing muscle to provide support for joints as well as miantain posture and balance during movement

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] Neuromuscular efficiency

Output: The ability of the body's nerves to effectively send messages to the body's muscle

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] Prime Mover

Output: The muscle that acts as the main source ofmotive movement

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] Rate of force production

Output: How quickly a muscle can generate force

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] Superset

Output: Set of 2 exercises that are performedback to back without any rest in between them

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] The typical client of the past was probably better prepared for activity. The client of the present is surrounded by technology and automation, which leads to dysfunction and increased injury. The new mindset is to create a program that tailors to each individual

Output: Briefly describe past, present, and future trends and how this evolution directly affects health and fitness professionals today

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] enhance stabilization strength and endurance while increasing prime mover strength

Output: The Goal of Strength Endurance (Phase 2)

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] Designed for individuals who have the goal of maximal muscle hypertrophy

Output: (Phase 3) Hypertrophy

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] Work towards the goal of increasing maximal prime mover strength

Output: Phase 4 Maximal Strength

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: [Deconditioned] Enhance prime mover strength while also improving the rate of force production

Output: Phase 5 Power

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility and/or lack of core and joint stability


Input: when a food bolus comes in contact with pressure receptors in the pharynx

Output: When does swallowing occur?


Input: -Medulla - Efferents are vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

Output: Where is swallowing center? It's efferents?


Input: -Respiration is inhibited - Bolus is moved into oral pharynx - larynx is raised and glottis closes - esophageal sphincter is relaxed and bolus enters the upper esophagus -peristalsis initiates and leads to downward movements -larynx descends, glottis opens, respiration restarts

Output: Stages of esophageal phase of swallowing?


Input: - contracted at rest, by the action of continuously firing motoneurons - prevents the entry of air which would otherwise follow the -ve intrathoracal pressure - relaxes prior to swallowing due to inhibition of discharge of somatic nerves (cns mediated)

Output: Function and importance of upper esophageal sphincter?


Input: Stomach relaxes after receival of food, increasing its volume - involves a long reflex (vagovagal) and a local reflex in myenteric plexus. - mediated by atp or vip. -continues until swallowing ceases

Output: What is receptive relaxation in stomach?


Input: A pacemaker located in the proximal region of greater curvature, in longitudinal muscle -frequency of basic electrical rythm is about 3 per minute

Output: What controls the basic electrical rythm of stomach? Where is this pacemaker located?


Input: low amplitude contraction waves

Output: what does basic electrical rythm initiate?


Input: acetylcholine(or gastrin, substance P) further depolarize smooth muscle cells creating high amplitude contractions, bursts of action potentials.

Output: how are high amplitude contraction waves created?


Input: -fat -protein -acid - hyper/hypo-osmotic solutions -----> slow gastric emptying

Output: Which factors influence gastric emtpying?


Input: -A hormone produced by G cells in the stomach antrum - is produced after stomach distension - causes secretion of highly acidic gastric juice - stimulates stomach wall contraction -enhances activity of pyloric pump

Output: What is gastrin? How is it produced? what are the effects of gastrin?


Input: upon entering the duodenum proteins/fats stimulate release of cholecystokinin. cck blocks the actions of gastrin on antral muscle

Output: How do fats/protein delay stomach emptying?


Input: acid in duodenum releases secretin,which acts directly on smooth muscle and relaxes it

Output: How do acids influence gastric emptying?


Input: it blocks the response of myenteric neurons to acetylcholine

Output: how does sympathetic system affect gastric emptying?


Input: -A series action potentials triggering powerful contractions that clears any undigested food or chyme in stomach/intestine.

Output: What is the migrating myoelectric complex? (stomach& small intestine)


Input: Standing waves produced by the pacemakers, creating randomly standing waves of contractions along the small intestine. - these ensure chyme contact against the epithelium

Output: What is segmentation in small intestine?


Input: 1. Distention of ileum activates met-enkephalin neurons with ascending axons, that mediate contraction above the distended portion. 2. Distention also stimulates VIP neurons that trigger relaxation in the area ahead of distention 3. other sets of neurons, serotonin, substance p, stimulate later contraction in the relaxed area. 4.chyme is pushed forward,distends the region there and the whole process repeats

Output: Describe stages in peristalsis


Input: Local reflexes in myenteric plexus.

Output: What reflexes control peristalsis? (long,short, local?)


Input: When pressure in ileum rises 15-20mmHg above colon.

Output: When does the ileocecal valve open allowing its contents into cecum?


Input: motilin produced by the epithelium of the upper intestine

Output: Which hormone is linked to generation of migrating myoelectric complex?


Input: - migrating myoelectric complex during interdigestive phase -segmentation -peristalsis

Output: 3 motility 'stages' of small intestine


Input: haustral shuttling

Output: term for motility in colon?


Input: the incease of colon motility during or shortly after a meal.

Output: gastrocolic reflex


Input: -mucus cells -parietal cells : HCL and intrinsic factor - chief cells: pepsinogen -g-cells : gastrin and somatostatin

Output: which cells secrete which compounds in the stomach?


Input: co2 + h2o -> h2co3 (under enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydraze) -h2co3 -> hydrogen ions and hydrogen carbonate -hydrogen ions are exchanged with K from lumen -bicarbonate ions are exchanged with Cl and enter venous blood. -Cl follows the hydrogen pumped into lumen

Output: how is HCL secreted by parietal cells?


Input: -cephalic phase (imagining, smelling etc) - gastric phase : *long reflexes *local reflexes *humoral factors (gastrin) -intestinal phase : secretion of chyme into intestine affects gastric secretion

Output: stages of stimulation of gastric secretion


Input: cephalic phase : symp. stimulation increases somatostatin release (inhibits parietal and G cells) gastric phase: -ve feedback of acidic milieu in antrum, inhibits release of gastrin -intestinal phase: acids in duodenum stimulate release of secretin (inhibits parietal cells and gastric motility)

Output: stages of inhibition of gastric secretion.


Input: Acinar cells secrete: -nucleases,peptidases,amylases,lipases Ductal cells secrete: -water, bicarcarbonate and Na ions.

Output: What are the secretions of pancreas ? (acinar and epothelial cells)


Input: -sodium,potassium,calcium,bicarbonate - IgA, lysozyme, lactoferrin - alpha-amylase(ptyalin) -mucoproteins for lubrication

Output: what are the saliva components?


Input: 1. co2+ h2o -> h2co3 (carbonic anhydrase) 2. h2co3 -> H + HCO3 3. hco3 transported (with Na) out of cell into lumen 4. hydrogen ion is exchanged for sodium ions at the basal site of cell.

Output: how is sodium bicarbonate formed in pancreas? (NaHCO3)


Input: -smell, taste of food, hypoglycemia (cephalic phase) - distention of stomach : gastropancreatic reflex -factors stimulating the release of gastrin eg.proteins,amino acids, calcium cause a low-volume high-enzyme secretion from pancreas Intestinal phase: -entry of chyme(proteins/fats) in duodenum stimulates CCK-> secretion of high protein low volume juice -secretin ->rich in bicarbonate secretion

Output: what factors stimulate panreatic secretion?


Input: chyme with fats/proteins entering duodenum stimulates cck formation. - inhibits gastric emptying - Pancreas: it binds to specific receptors on the acinar cells, mobilizes Ca and cGMP causing a secretion high in protein and low-volume -contracts the bladder

Output: What are the stimulants and effects of CCK? (cholecystokinin)


Input: stimulated by acid entering duodenum - inhibits gastrin activity in stomach -inhibits gastric motility - in pancreas: via cAMP stimulates secretion of juice rich in bicarbonate

Output: Stimulants and effects of secretin


Input: - trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypolypeptidase -trypsinogen is secreted along with trypsin inhibitor in pancreas - in duodenum it is converted to trypsin by enterokinase or by already activated trypsin (aytocatalysis) -trypsin activates the other 2 enzymes

Output: activation and protection from pancreatic proteases


Input: The cumulative neutral input to the central nervous system from mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movement [Deconditioned]

Output: Proprioception


Input: An unstable (but controlled) environment where exercises are performed that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms [Deconditioned]

Output: Proprioceptively Enriched Environment


Input: Smaller divisions of training progressions that fall within the 3 building blocks [Deconditioned]

Output: Phase of Training


Input: Ability of the body's stabilizing muscle to provide support for joints as well as miantain posture and balance during movement [Deconditioned]

Output: Stabilization


Input: The ability of the body's nerves to effectively send messages to the body's muscle [Deconditioned]

Output: Neuromuscular efficiency


Input: The muscle that acts as the main source ofmotive movement [Deconditioned]

Output: Prime Mover


Input: How quickly a muscle can generate force [Deconditioned]

Output: Rate of force production


Input: Set of 2 exercises that are performedback to back without any rest in between them [Deconditioned]

Output: Superset


Input: Briefly describe past, present, and future trends and how this evolution directly affects health and fitness professionals today [Deconditioned]

Output: The typical client of the past was probably better prepared for activity. The client of the present is surrounded by technology and automation, which leads to dysfunction and increased injury. The new mindset is to create a program that tailors to each individual


Input: The Goal of Strength Endurance (Phase 2) [Deconditioned]

Output: enhance stabilization strength and endurance while increasing prime mover strength


Input: (Phase 3) Hypertrophy [Deconditioned]

Output: Designed for individuals who have the goal of maximal muscle hypertrophy


Input: Phase 4 Maximal Strength [Deconditioned]

Output: Work towards the goal of increasing maximal prime mover strength


Input: Phase 5 Power [Deconditioned]

Output: Enhance prime mover strength while also improving the rate of force production


Input: all of those things a government decides to do [Government]

Output: public policies

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a boyd of poeple living in a defined territory, organized politically, and iwth the power to make and enforce laws [Government]

Output: state

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: land with known and recognized boundaries [Government]

Output: territory

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: has supreme and absolute power within its own territory [Government]

Output: sovereign

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the theory that one person or group claimed control over an area and forced all within it to submit to that person's or group's rule. [Government]

Output: the force theory

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the theory that the state developed naturally out of the early family [Government]

Output: the evolutionary theory

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Held that the state was created by God and that God had given those of royal birth a right to rule [Government]

Output: the divine right theory

Government Vocab, Ch. 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: IFSTA recommends that the apparatus wheels be chocked when? [onboard, static, pressurized]

Output: every time the apparatus is stopped with the engine running and the driver/operator exits the cab


Input: Tests have indicated that the apparatus may override the parking brake system at engine speeds as low as what? [onboard, static, pressurized]

Output: 1300rpm


Input: Some midship pump apparatus will not have a reading of above 0mph when in pump why? [onboard, static, pressurized]

Output: the speedometer reading is taken off the rear of the transfer case


Input: If the pump has been drained of dater it will be full of air. The air has to be forced out of the pump by the water as it enters before discharge presser can build. In this case at least how can you evacuate air other than the primer? [onboard, static, pressurized]

Output: at least one of the discharge valves or tank tank fill line must be opened before air can escape and the pump can fill with water


Input: Operating at a negative pressure (pulling vacuum) from a fire hydrant is dangerous why? [onboard, static, pressurized]

Output: because it increases the possibility of damage to the fire pump due to cavitation


Input: To avoid possible damage to the water system, do not allow the incoming pressure from a hydrant to drop below what? [onboard, static, pressurized]

Output: 20psi