Input: Torts - Causes of Action for Economic Injury causing FAMINE is an economic tort. FRAUD - misrepresentation of a past or present material fact ABUSE of process - initiation of civil or criminal proceedings against plaintiff with malicious intent (prior action NEED NOT have terminated in favor of present plaintiff) MALICIOUS prosecution - initiation of civil or ciminal proceeding against plaintiff with no probable cause that plaintiff is liable or guilty, malicious intent (prior action MUST have terminated in favor of present plaintiff) INJURIOUS falsehood (disparagement) - recklessly or intentionally published false assertion of fact leading to pecuniary injury caused by 3rd party's response NEGLIGENT misrepresentation - negligent misstatement of material fact in business of supplying information to others justifiably relied upon by plaintiff interference with prospective ECONOMIC advantage, including contractual relations

Output: FRAUD ABUSE of process MALICIOUS prosecution INJURIOUS falsehood NEGLIGENT misrepresentation interference with prospective ECONOMIC advantage

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Torts - Theories of Vicarious Liability i DARE Plaintiff to Join vicariously liable tortfeasors. DELEGATION of non-delegable duties (inherently dangerous work, like excavation) AUTOMOBILE ownership negligent entrustment (knew of unsafe driving habits) use by family members for a family purpose statutory liability for consenting to another's use of the vehicle RESPONDEAT superior - "master" liable for acts of "servant" if committed within scope of employment negligent ENTRUSTMENT of dangerous instrumentalities to a child failure to control child's known dangerous PROPENSITIES JOINT enterprises - when two or more persons act in concert

Output: DELEGATION of danger AUTOMOBILE ownership RESPONDEAT superior Negligent ENTRUSTMENT known PROPENSITIES JOINT enterprise

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Torts - Attractive Nuisance Test To Determine Liability An attractive nuisance is a REAL threat to the safety of children. children cannot RECOGNIZE danger EXPENSE of making condition is slight compared to danger dangerous condition on property is ARTIFICIAL children are LIKELY to trespass on property (and possessor knows or should know)

Output: RECOGNITION of danger EXPENSE ARTIFICIAL LIKELY trespassors

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Torts - Defenses to Defamation Privileges It's bad P.R. to defend FOGIES in defamation cases. statement occurred during PROCEEDINGS of legislative or judicial branch REPORTS of public proceedings FIRST amendment qualified privileges - non-malicious statements about public figures and public controversies, non-negligent statements about a private person fair comment OPINIONS official statements of GOVERNMENT officials statements made in the INTEREST of self, third persons or the public EQUAL time broadcasts communication between SPOUSES

Output: PROCEEDINGS REPORTS FIRST amendment OPINIONS GOVERNMENT officials INTEREST of EQUAL time broadcasts SPOUSES

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Torts - Statements that Constitute Slander Per Se It's slander per se to call someone SLIM.

Output: SEXUAL misconduct (lack of chastity of a woman) LOATHSOME, communicable disease INCOMPETENCE in trade or profession conduct/crime involving MORAL turpitude

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Torts - Defenses to Intentional Torts Hell hath no fury like A SCORN'D tort victim. use of reasonable force to effect an ARREST SHOPKEEPER's privilege to detain suspect for reasonable time using non-deadly force CONSENT defense of OTHERS if protected party was entitled to use same amount of force RECAPTURE of property if entitled to immediate possession NECESSITY for public purpose or to abate nuisance DEFENSE of self, land and chattels under protective privilege

Output: ARREST SHOPKEEPER's privilege CONSENT defense of OTHERS RECAPTURE of property NECESSITY DEFENSE under protective privilege (self, land, chattels)

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Torts - Available Remedies Damages, Restitution, Equity Get back at a tortfeasor by Playing CLARINET. PUNITIVE damages for willful, wanton or malicious conduct normally associated with intentional torts COMPENSATORY damages for past, present and foreseeable future loss or injury (unforeseeable special damages must be specifically pleaded) equitable LIEN on defendant's property to secure payment of debt owed to plaintiff ASSUMPSIT (quasi-contract) suit to recover reasonable value of a benefit unjustly retained by defendant (plaintiff must waive tort liability) REPLEVIN to recover possession of specific personal property wrongfully taken INJUNCTION if there is inadequate remedy at law, threat of multiplicity of suits, damages are speculative or too small, and plaintiff will suffer from irreparable injury NOMINAL damages recoverable where no injury sustained EJECTMENT to restore possession of real property from which plaintiff was wrongfully ousted, PLUS mesne damages (rental value during that period) constructive TRUST - equitable creation of a "trust" to compel defendant to reconvey title to property unjustly retained

Output: PUNITIVE damages COMPENSATORY damages equitable LIEN ASSUMPSIT REPLEVIN INJUNCTION NOMINAL damages EJECTMENT constructive TRUST

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Torts - Limitations on Awarding of Damages tort damages are measured by how well you FUCC.

Output: FORESEEABLE - damage/injury must be foreseeable at the time duty is breached (proximate cause) UNAVOIDABLE - no recovery for losses which reasonably could have been avoided or mitigated damages must be CAUSED by defendant's breach ("but for" causation) sufficiently CERTAIN - damages cannot be speculative

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Torts - Defenses to Claims Brought in Equity Rights in equity LAPSE if U assert a proper defense. LACHES - equity aids the vigilant, not those who knowingly sit on rights waiting for a defendant to detrimentally change position freedom of ASSOCIATION - equity will not interfere with the internal management of an ASSOCIATION (exception: where property right is embedded in association membership) injunction sought against PROSECUTION of a crime - equity will not enjoin PROSECUTION of a crime (exception: where criminal statute has been declared unconstitutional) freedom of SPEECH - equity will not enjoin SPEECH (exception: national security at stake, sometimes trade libel) injunction sought against criminal act - equity will not ENJOIN crime (exception: public nuisance if criminal prosecution is an inadequate remedy) UNCLEAN hands - he who seeks equity must do equity (where plaintiff's unclean conduct is related to subject matter of suit and defendant is injured by it)

Output: LACHES freedom of ASSOCIATION injunction against PROSECUTION freedom of SPEECH injunction to ENJOIN crime UNCLEAN hands

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Trusts - Elements of a Valid Trust I know the PARTS of a valid trust. INTENT to create a trust is manifest by conduct valid PURPOSE (not contrary to public policy or illegal) ASCERTAINABLE beneficiaries (directly capable of taking and holding title for their benefit) RES must be a presently existing, identifiable property interest named TRUSTEE with active duties who is capable of acquiring, holding and administering the trust res; legal & equitable titles merge if beneficiary and trustee are same person SETTLOR with capacity to understand extent of property, natural objects of bounty and nature of disposition

Output: INTENT to create valid PURPOSE ASCERTAINABLE beneficiaries RES named TRUSTEE SETTLOR

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Trusts - Ways a Trust can be Created it's WICKED smart to create a trust. created by WILL (testamentary trust) INTER VIVOS trust created by transfer of property CONSTRUCTIVE or resulting trust created as a matter of law creation of trust by K (contract) creation of trust by EXERCISING the power of appointment DECLARATION of trust by property owner

Output: by WILL INTER VIVOS CONSTRUCTIVE/resulting by K (contract) EXERCISING power of appt. DECLARATION

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Trusts - Duties of Trustee The trustee had a duty to make sure the beneficiary wasn't drinking SPOILED CAB. refrain from SELF-DEALING (duty of loyalty) PROTECT the corpus of the trust by preserving principal and diversifying the trust portfolio refrain from usurping OPPORTUNITIES available to trust (duty of loyalty) INFORM settlor and beneficiaries of transactions involving more than 25% of trust assets and wait for objections prior to executing the transaction LITIGATE on behalf of the trust when necessary EXERCISE degree of care, skill and prudence which would be exercised by a reasonably prudent person in managing his/her own property avoid DELEGATION of duties involving judgment, discretion or power of appointment (proper administration) COMPLY with terms & duties under trust detailed ACCOUNTING, including earmarking and segregating trust assets separately from personal assets refrain from BORROWING funds from the trust (duty of loyalty)

Output: SELF-DEALING PROTECT corpus not usurp OPPORTUNITIES INFORM on big transactions LITIGATE EXERCISE care, skill, prudence not DELEGATE authority COMPLY with terms ACCOUNTING refrain from BORROWING

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Trusts - Trustee's Defenses for Breach of Duty A trustee can KIL a suit against him for breach of duty. KNOWING consent (or waiver) to breach of trustee's duties by beneficiary (implicitly applied to beneficiaries who benefited from wrongful act) INSTRUMENT contains exculpatory or "hold harmless" provisions. These are enforceable ONLY if breach was merely negligent and trustee lacked bad faith. LACHES or statute of limitations - failure by beneficiary to timely assert claims

Output: KNOWING INSTRUMENT LACHES

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Trusts - When a "Charging Order" to Invade a Spendthrift, Support or Discretionary is Permitted Certain ANTICS let creditors invade the principal of protective trusts. ALIMONY obligations due a former spouse NECESSITIES - debts incurred for food, shelter, medical expenses, etc. TAXES - income necessary to satisfy beneficiary's tax responsibility can usually be attached INTENTIONAL hindrance, delay or defrauding of creditor's claims by transfering assets into a trust CHILD support owed to minor children SELF-settled asset protection trusts where settlor is also the beneficiary (minority rule: permitted if irrevocable and not created to defraud creditors)

Output: ALIMONY NECESSITIES TAXES INTENTIONAL hindrance of creditor CHILD SUPPORT SELF-SETTLED trust assets

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Future Interests - Applicability of Rule Against Perpetuities RAP music is ECO-friendly.

Output: RULE AGAINST PERPETUITIES EXECUTORY interests CONTINGENT remainders OPEN class remainders

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Future Interests - Allowed Restraints on Alienation U F See fighters are good at restraining aliens. USE restrictions (with reversionary interest) - "To A but if not used for church purposes, the land shall revert to me." right of FIRST REFUSAL - allows holder to match a third party's offer (if accepted) to buy the property within a reasonable time "wait and SEE" doctrine - imposed by statute where operation of trust continues until last possible relevant time under the RAP (or 90 years) to see if the trust will survive.

Output: USE restrictions right of FIRST refusal "wait and SEE"

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Trusts - Ways a Trust can be Terminated When a trust wants to be terminated, it yells "Pour some ACID on ME!!!" PETITION to court by beneficiary, spendthrift provision or settlor (if beneficiary is in agreement) purpose ACCOMPLISHED, illegal or impossible (such as if the sole beneficiary dies without heirs) CONSOLIDATION by the court where multiple trusts have same purpose, trustees, settlors and beneficiaries INCOME interest terminates - corpus is distributed to remainder beneficiaries if all income beneficiaries die (doctrine of acceleration) unilateral DONOR termination permitted if this right is specified in the instrument. This right is called a "grantor trust," so assets are included in grantor's estate for tax purposes. MERGER of legal and equitable title when beneficiary and trustee are the same person EXPIRATION of term specified in the trust instrument

Output: PETITION to court ACCOMPLISHED purpose CONSOLIDATION of trusts INCOME interest terminates DONOR termination MERGER of title EXPIRATION of trust term

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Wills - Elements of a Valid Will I CAST a valid will into the stream of probate court.

Output: INTENT to devise contents upon death at time of execution CAPACITY to understand the property, people involved and the effect of executing the instrument. ATTESTED to by two competent, non-interested witnesses SIGNED by testator or person directed who is within "line-of-sight" TESTAMENTARY age of legal capacity

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Wills - Eight Frequently Tested Problematic "Takers" Under the Will An executor looks to the LIAR DOCS to decide who takes under the will. LATER spouse not named in existing valid will usually takes all jointly-owned property and the greater of $50k or 1/2 of the separate property under UPC intestacy succession rules IRREVOCABLE living trusts where the beneficiary is kin (lineal descendants of testator's grandparent) are covered by antilapse statute, but not devises where survivorship is required--all other lapsed devises are added to the residue of the estate. ADOPTED, half-blood, acknowledged and paternity suit children are treated as natural issues for inheritance purposes under the UPC and most states (exception: children take by right of representation if intestacy rules apply) a named beneficiary may REFUSE or disclaim to accept a devise under the will; property is added to residue subsequent DIVORCE causes all provisions favoring ex-spouse to be revoked unless stated otherwise in the will or if listed as beneficiary of insurance policy or ERISA benefit OMITTED surviving children usually qualify for a forced share as if decedent died intestate (unless disinheritance can be proved) CLASS beneficiaries must be sufficiently identifiable; courts refer to statute, testator's intent and applicable rules of construction to determine when class closes SATISFACTION of testamentary devise cannot be made by including inter vivos transfers of gifts given to beneficiary unless that intent stated in writing (i.e., executor can't deduct $20k gift to beneficiary received while testator was living from a $50k will devise)

Output: LATER spouse IRREVOCABLE living trusts ADOPTED children REFUSAL by beneficiary subsequent DIVORCE OMITTED surviving children beneficiaries included in CLASS SATISFACTION by inter vivos transfer

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Wills - Will Challenges Grounds To Contest a Dependable, Constructive UMPIRE decides whether a will can be contested.

Output: DEPENDANT relative revocation may apply if subsequent will or codicil is invalid AND prior valid will is substantially identical & consistent with testator's intent CONSTRUCTIVE trust may be necessarily imposed to prevent unjust enrichment or injustice to omitted beneficiary (wrongdoer serves as trustee, ha ha ha) indicia of UNDUE influence (only a CAD ROBS a rich testator) MISTAKE in the execution (wrong document signed with no intent to make a will--will invalid, parol evidence inadmissible) fraudulent PREVENTION of a will being written fraud in the INDUCEMENT failure to REVOKE fraud in the EXECUTION

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Wills - Undue Influence Factors to Consider only a CAD ROBS a rich testator.

Output: CONFIDENTIAL (or fiduciary) relationship exists ACTIVE participation in will preparation or execution DISPOSITION to exercise undue influence unnatural RESULT OPPORTUNITY to exercise undue influence undue BENEFIT to alleged wrongdoer SUSCEPTIBLE testator

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Wills - Classification of Legacies and Devises Acrostic Some Grantors Die Really Intestate SPECIFIC devise or bequest - particular items specified in the will GENERAL legacy - a sum of money to be paid out of any assets of the estate DEMONSTRATIVE legacy - a sum of money to be paid from a particular account or upon sale of a particular asset RESIDUARY gift - everything else not mentioned under a will with a residuary clause, distributed to the primary beneficiaries INTESTATE property - where there is no will, a lapse, disclaimer, no residuary clause, or the only will was successfully challenged (NOTE: most states disfavor intestacy--the court will interpret parol evidence to save any document that exists and adequately expresses the decedent's intent)

Output: Some - Specific devise or bequest Grantors - General legacy Die - Demonstrative legacy Really - Residuary gift Intestate - Intestate property

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Wills - Ways to Revoke the provisions of a Will DIVORCE will AMBUSH beneficiaries. DIVORCE / annulment (property passes as if the former spouse predeceased testator) post-will ISSUE (revoked as to that child) VARIANCE of provisions that increases a non-residuary gift or changes a beneficiary OBLITERATION by cancellation or physical act (burning or tearing) by RESTRICTION under slayer statute CY PRES modification of testator's bequest by the court to continue charitable purpose when impossible, impractical or wasteful to carry out as stated in the will EXPRESS revocation by subsequent properly executed instrument (including holographic will) ADEMPTION of property devised but not owned at death post-will MARRIAGE (as to surviving spouse's intestate share) BEQUEST advancement paid to beneficiary inter vivos (if gift exceeds intestate share, heir gets nothing) UNIFORM Simultaneous Death Act SIGNATURE of testator intentionally defaced HOLOGRAPHIC codicil modifying a holographic will

Output: DIVORCE post-will ISSUE VARIANCE OBLITERATION slayer RESTRICTION CY PRES EXPRESS revocation ADEMPTION post-will MARRIAGE BEQUEST advancement UNIFORM Simultaneous Death Act SIGNATURE defaced HOLOGRAPHIC codicil

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Wills - Surviving Spouse's Right to Elective Share A surviving spouse won't get the SHAFT Provided she takes her elective share. SOCIAL SECURITY HOMESTEAD laws secure the family home free of claims of creditors family ALLOWANCE awarded by probate court (statutory authorized maintenance and support during administration of will) FRACTIONAL share of decedent's estate (3% per year of marriage up to 50% under UPC; some states flat 1/3) TANGIBLE personal property set-aside as enumerated by statute PRIVATE PENSION PLANS paid as joint and survivor annuity to worker and spouse

Output: SOCIAL SECURITY HOMESTEAD ALLOWANCE FRACTIONAL TANGIBLE PRIVATE PENSION PLANS

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Wills - Ways for Surviving Spouse to Maximize Elective Share United Artists changed the SCRIPT. Now the surviving spouse gets a bigger elective share. UNITED STATES savings bonds (jointly held) APPOINTMENT (to self) of trust res over which decedent had a general Power of Appointment (to give to anybody) SHAREHOLDER agreements entered into after the marriage restricting sale or testamentary disposition of testator's jointly held common stock revoking gifts CAUSA mortis not made in contemplation of death submit claims for decedent's RETIREMENT benefits INTER-VIVOS gifts, even to charity, if made within 1 year of testator's death for more than $10k POST-marriage jointly held property (real or personal) and bank accounts to the extent that spouse furnished consideration collect assets in TOTTEN trust accounts (payable-on-death)

Output: US Savings Bonds APPOINTMENT to self SHAREHOLDER agreements gifts CAUSA mortis RETIREMENT benefits INTER VIVOS gifts w/in 1 yr POST-MARRIAGE jointly held property TOTTEN trust assets

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CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: Wills - Slayer Statute Exceptions A killer may still take if he acted without SIN.

Output: perfect SELF-DEFENSE INSANITY NEGLIGENT homicide

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION OBLIGATIONS RIGHTS RATIFICATION AUTHORITY LIABILITY TERMINATION


Input: [2] anything that an organism responds to [1]

Output: stimulus

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the smallest unit of organisms that carry on the functions of life [1]

Output: cells

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] living things that have certain features that rocks and water do not [1]

Output: organisms

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] theory that living things come only from other living things [1]

Output: biogenesis

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the standard used to compare the outcome of the test [1]

Output: control

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] people believed that living things come from non-living matter [1]

Output: spontaneous generation

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] based on the repeated data and tells us how nature works [1]

Output: law

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] an explanation of things or events based on many observations [1]

Output: theory

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a prediction that can be tested [1]

Output: hypothesis

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a series of procedures [1]

Output: scientific method

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a factor tested in an experiment [1]

Output: variable

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] any characteristic an organism has to make it better able to survive in its surroundings [1]

Output: adaptation

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] All the changes organisms undergo as they grow [1]

Output: development

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the reaction of an organism to a stimulus [1]

Output: response

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions that allow it to live [1]

Output: homeostasis

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Length of time an organism is expected to live [1]

Output: Life Span

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] stimulus [2]

Output: anything that an organism responds to

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cells [2]

Output: the smallest unit of organisms that carry on the functions of life

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] organisms [2]

Output: living things that have certain features that rocks and water do not

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] biogenesis [2]

Output: theory that living things come only from other living things

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] control [2]

Output: the standard used to compare the outcome of the test

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] spontaneous generation [2]

Output: people believed that living things come from non-living matter

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] law [2]

Output: based on the repeated data and tells us how nature works

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] theory [2]

Output: an explanation of things or events based on many observations

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] hypothesis [2]

Output: a prediction that can be tested

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] scientific method [2]

Output: a series of procedures

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] variable [2]

Output: a factor tested in an experiment

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] adaptation [2]

Output: any characteristic an organism has to make it better able to survive in its surroundings

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] development [2]

Output: All the changes organisms undergo as they grow

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] response [2]

Output: the reaction of an organism to a stimulus

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] homeostasis [2]

Output: the regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions that allow it to live

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Life Span [2]

Output: Length of time an organism is expected to live

Gr. 7 Life Sci., Ch. 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: goods that are scarce and therefore have an opportunity cost [opportunity cost]

Output: Economic goods

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: goods that have no opportunity cost, for example air. [opportunity cost]

Output: free goods

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the market for the factors of production that make other goods and services such as labour or raw materials [opportunity cost]

Output: factor market

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: resources that are able to be replenished over time, whereas non-renewables such as oil and gas are likely to run out [opportunity cost]

Output: renewable resources

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when total income or revenue for a firm is greater than total costs [opportunity cost]

Output: profit

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: one in which there is very limited government involvement in providing goods and services [opportunity cost]

Output: free market economy

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the PPB indicates the maximum possible output that can be achieved given a fixed set of resources and technology in a particular time period [opportunity cost]

Output: production possibility boundary

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when a firm operates at minimum average total cost, producting the maximum possible output from inputs into the production process [opportunity cost]

Output: productive efficiency

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: this is achieved in an economy when it is not possible to make anyone better off without making someone worse off, or you cannot produce more of one good without making less of another [opportunity cost]

Output: allocative efficiency

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a measure of efficiency, measuring the ratio of inputs to outputs; the most common measure is labour productivity, which is the output per worker [opportunity cost]

Output: productivity

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the skills, abilities, motivation and knowledge of labour, improvements in human capital raise productivity and can shift the PPB to the right. [opportunity cost]

Output: human capital

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: breaking the production process down into a sequence of tasks, with workers assigned to particular tasks [opportunity cost]

Output: division of labour

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the production of a limited range of goods by an individual factor of production or firm or country, in cooperation with others so that together a complete range of goods is produced. [opportunity cost]

Output: specialisation

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: statements or opinions expressed that are not testable or cannot be verified and depend very much on the views of the individual and the values they hold. [opportunity cost]

Output: value judgements

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: opinions that require value judgements to be made [opportunity cost]

Output: normative statements

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: statements that can be tested against real world data [opportunity cost]

Output: positive statements

Markets and market failure - The economic problem Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the dependent variable? The dependent variable is the result of the change in the experiment. [value that changes]

Output: The expected outcome.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the control? The control is the part of the experiment where the outcome is known in advance. [value that changes]

Output: It is used to understand the result or dependent variable of an experiment.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is environmental science? Environmental science is an applied science that combines many different sciences to solve environmental problems. [value that changes]

Output: a combination

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is ecology? Ecology is the study of how living things are related to each other - how they interact and how they depend on each other. [value that changes]

Output: involes living things

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is pure science? Pure science seeks to answer questions about how the natural world works. [value that changes]

Output: questions

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is applied science? Applied science uses the information provided by pure science to solve problems. [value that changes]

Output: solutions

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the dependent variable? [value that changes] The expected outcome.

Output: The dependent variable is the result of the change in the experiment.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is the control? [value that changes] It is used to understand the result or dependent variable of an experiment.

Output: The control is the part of the experiment where the outcome is known in advance.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is environmental science? [value that changes] a combination

Output: Environmental science is an applied science that combines many different sciences to solve environmental problems.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is ecology? [value that changes] involes living things

Output: Ecology is the study of how living things are related to each other - how they interact and how they depend on each other.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is pure science? [value that changes] questions

Output: Pure science seeks to answer questions about how the natural world works.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is applied science? [value that changes] solutions

Output: Applied science uses the information provided by pure science to solve problems.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is population crisis?

Output: Population crisis is when the number of people is growing too quickly for the earth to support.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is consumption crisis?

Output: Consumption crisis is when people are using up, wasting, or polluting natural resources faster than they can be renewed, replaced, or recycled.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is the observation of an experiment?

Output: The observation asks the question that you want to find the answer to.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is the hypothesis of an experiment?

Output: The hypothesis is the educated guess or prediction. It must always be in an "if/then" format.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is the experiment?

Output: The experiment is the test of the hypothesis to determine if it is true or false.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What are the values that affect environmental decision making?

Output: They are - * aesthetic - what is beautiful or pleasing * economic - gain or loss of money or jobs * environmental - protection of natural resources * educational - accumulation and use of knowledge * ethical/moral - what is right or wrong * health - maintenance of human health and prevention of sickness or disability * recreational - providing for human leisure activities * scientific - knowledge gained by scientific research * social/cultural - maintaining human communities and respecting their values and traditions

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What does a pie chart do?

Output: A pie chart depicts percentages and the number of different things.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What does a bar graph do?

Output: A bar graph compares two or more things.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What does a line graph do?

Output: A line graph represents the change over time or when there is an independent or dependent variable.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What are the rules for constructing graphs?

Output: The rules for constructing graphs are 3 from the bottom, 3 from the sides, and 4 from the top. There must be a title and labels.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is the decision-making process?

Output: The decision-making process is to gather information, consider the values, explore the consequences, and then make a decision.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: What is the scientific method?

Output: The scientific method is observing, hypothesizing and predicting, experimenting, organizing and interpreting data, using graphics and sharing information, and communicating results.

Environmental Science Chapter 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

An independent variable is the part of the experiment that is manipulated to produce an expected outcome.


Input: sign seal mark

Output: what 3 things does a sacrament do?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: points to Jesus (its for his sake)

Output: what does a sign do?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: assures us like an engagement ring its for our sake

Output: what does a seal do?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: for outsiders out team colors

Output: what does the mark do?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Output: what power does a sacrament have?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: that Christ has chosen to make these powerless materials a means of blessing

Output: what do we mean by a "spiritual relation"?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: validity has to do with whether or not it is a sacrament administered appropriately efficacy has to do with its power to do anything

Output: what is the difference between validity and efficacy?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: God's promises

Output: in where lies the validity of baptism?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: God's choosing purposes the work of the Spirit the person's response in faith

Output: in where lies the efficacy of baptism?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: because they think it is only valid when it is efficacious (on either side of the issue: Baptist or Catholic)

Output: why do many reject the Reformed view of infant baptism?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: they point to Christ, but in different ways

Output: how are OT sacraments similar and different to NT sacraments?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: entrance into God's visible people

Output: how would you summarize baptism to a layperson?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: strength for the journey

Output: how would you summarize communion to a layperson?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Adam, Cain, Abel, Abraham, Philippian jailer, Lydia, those hearing Acts 2 sermon

Output: who are some households that God related to?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: that, even though it was an engagement ring or team color, God warned death if it was not used

Output: what might make the sign of circumcision confusing?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: explain them to our kids

Output: what is our responsibility with the sacraments?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: believers and unbelievers explains some problematic passages that talk about "falling away"

Output: the "visible church"?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: it's not our job to finally judge whether someone is saved or not

Output: the "visible church" and baptism

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: validity is pretty easy to establish efficacy is very mysterious

Output: Lord's supper: validity & efficacy

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: only 1 sacrifice (Heb)

Output: why not transsubstantiation?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Christ's body is in heaven

Output: why not consubstantiation?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: because Christ did use mysterious language (John 6; Matt 26)

Output: why not memorial only?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Covenant Theology

Output: even before household logic, what is really a pre-requisite for someone to understand baptism?

PCA Ordination - detailed sacraments Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Adjacency [2]

Output: The sharing of a common side or boundary by two or more polygons (AGI). Note that adjacency may also apply to features that lie either side of a common boundary where these features are not necessarily polygons

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Arc [2]

Output: Commonly used to refer to a straight line segment connecting two nodes or vertices of a polyline or polygon. Arcs may include segments or circles, spline functions or other forms of smooth curve. In connection with graphs and networks, arcs may be directed or undirected, and may have other attributes (e.g. cost, capacity etc.)

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artifact [2]

Output: A result (observation or set of observations) that appears to show something unusual (e.g. a spike in the surface of a 3D plot) but which is of no significance. Artifacts may be generated by the way in which data have been collected, defined or re-computed (e.g. resolution changing), or as a result of a computational operation (e.g. rounding error or substantive software error). Linear artifacts are sometimes referred to as “ghost lines”

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Aspect [2]

Output: A data item associated with an individual object (record) in a spatial database. Attributes may be explicit, in which case they are typically stored as one or more fields in tables linked to a set of objects, or they may be implicit (sometimes referred to as intrinsic), being either stored but hidden or computed as and when required (e.g. polyline length, polygon centroid). Raster/grid datasets typically have a single explicit attribute (a value) associated with each cell, rather than an attribute table containing as many records as there are cells in the grid

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Azimuth [2]

Output: The horizontal direction of a vector, measured clockwise in degrees of rotation from the positive Y-axis, for example, degrees on a compass

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Azimuthal Projection [2]

Output: A type of map projection constructed as if a plane were to be placed at a tangent to the Earth's surface and the area to be mapped were projected onto the plane. All points on this projection keep their true compass bearing

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Autocorrelation (Spatial) [2]

Output: The degree of relationship that exists between two or more (spatial) variables, such that when one changes, the other(s) also change. This change can either be in the same direction, which is a positive autocorrelation, or in the opposite direction, which is a negative autocorrelation

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cartogram [2]

Output: A cartogram is a form of map in which some variable such as Population Size or Gross National Product typically is substituted for land area. The geometry or space of the map is distorted in order to convey the information of this alternate variable. Cartograms use a variety of approaches to map distortion, including the use of continuous and discrete regions. The term cartogram (or linear cartogram) is also used on occasion to refer to maps that distort distance for particular display purposes, such as the London Underground map

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Choropleth [2]

Output: A thematic map [i.e. a map showing a theme, such as soil types or rainfall levels] portraying properties of a surface using area symbols such as shading [or color]. Area symbols on a choropleth map usually represent categorized classes of the mapped phenomenon

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Conflation [2]

Output: A term used to describe the process of combining (merging) information from two data sources into a single source, reconciling disparities where possible (e.g. by rubber-sheeting — see below). The term is distinct from concatenation which refers to combinations of data sources (e.g. by overlaying one upon another) but retaining access to their distinct components

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Contiguity [2]

Output: The topological identification of adjacent polygons by recording the left and right polygons of each arc. Contiguity is not concerned with the exact locations of polygons, only their relative positions. Contiguity data can be stored in a table, matrix or simply as [i.e. in] a list, that can be cross-referenced to the relevant co-ordinate data if required

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Curve [2]

Output: A one-dimensional geometric object stored as a sequence of points, with the subtype of curve specifying the form of interpolation between points. A curve is simple if it does not pass through the same point twice (OGC). A LineString (or polyline — see below) is a subtype of a curve

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Datum [2]

Output: Strictly speaking, the singular of data. In GIS the word datum usually relates to a reference level (surface) applying on a nationally or internationally defined basis from which elevation is to be calculated. In the context of terrestrial geodesy datum is usually defined by a model of the Earth or section of the Earth, such as WGS84 (see below). The term is also used for horizontal referencing of measurements

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] DEM [2]

Output: Digital elevation model (a DEM is a particular kind of DTM, see below)

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] DTM [2]

Output: Digital terrain model

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] EDM [2]

Output: Electronic distance measurement

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] EDA, ESDA [2]

Output: Exploratory data analysis/Exploratory spatial data analysis

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Ellipsoid/Spheroid [2]

Output: An ellipse rotated about its minor axis determines a spheroid (sphere-like object), also known as an ellipsoid of revolution (see also, WGS84)

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Feature [2]

Output: Frequently used within GIS referring to point, line (including polyline and mathematical functions defining arcs), polygon and sometimes text (annotation) objects (see also, vector)

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Geodemographics [2]

Output: The analysis of people by where they live, in particular by type of neighborhood. Such localized classifications have been shown to be powerful discriminators of consumer behavior and related social and behavioral patterns

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Gradient [2]

Output: Used in spatial analysis with reference to surfaces (scalar fields). Gradient is a vector field comprised of the aspect (direction of maximum slope) and slope computed in this direction (magnitude of rise over run) at each point of the surface. The magnitude of the gradient (the slope or inclination) is sometimes itself referred to as the gradient (see also, Slope and Aspect)

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Heuristic [2]

Output: A term derived from the same Greek root as Eureka, heuristic refers to procedures for finding solutions to problems that may be difficult or impossible to solve by direct means. In the context of optimization heuristic algorithms are systematic procedures that seek a good or near optimal solution to a well-defined problem, but not one that is necessarily optimal. They are often based on some form of intelligent trial and error or search procedure

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] iid [2]

Output: An abbreviation for “independently and identically distributed”. Used in statistical analysis in connection with the distribution of errors or residuals

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Invariance [2]

Output: In the context of GIS invariance refers to properties of features that remain unchanged under one or more (spatial) transformations

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Kernel [2]

Output: terally, the core or central part of an item. Often used in computer science to refer to the central part of an operating system, the term kernel in geospatial analysis refers to methods (e.g. density modeling, local grid analysis) that involve calculations using a well-defined local neighborhood (block of cells, radially symmetric function)

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Map algebra [2]

Output: A range of actions applied to the grid cells of one or more maps (or images) often involving filtering and/or algebraic operations. These techniques involve processing one or more raster layers according to simple rules resulting in a new map layer, for example replacing each cell value with some combination of its neighbors’ values, or computing the sum or difference of specific attribute values for each grid cell in two matching raster datasets

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Resampling [2]

Output: Procedures for (automatically) adjusting one or more raster datasets to ensure that the grid resolutions of all sets match when carrying out combination operations. Resampling is often performed to match the coarsest resolution of a set of input rasters. Increasing resolution rather than decreasing requires an interpolation procedure such as bicubic spline.

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Rubber sheeting [2]

Output: A procedure to adjust the co-ordinates all of the data points in a dataset to allow a more accurate match between known locations and a few data points within the dataset. Rubber sheeting … preserves the interconnectivity or topology, between points and objects through stretching, shrinking or re-orienting their interconnecting lines (AGI). Rubber-sheeting techniques are widely used in the production of Cartograms (op. cit.)

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Slope [2]

Output: The amount of rise of a surface (change in elevation) divided by the distance over which this rise is computed (the run), along a straight line transect in a specified direction.

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Spheroid [2]

Output: A flattened (oblate) form of a sphere, or ellipse of revolution. The most widely used model of the Earth is that of a spheroid, although the detailed form is slightly different from a true spheroid

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tesseral/Tessellation [2]

Output: gridded representation of a plane surface into disjoint polygons. These polygons are normally either square (raster), triangular (TIN — see below), or hexagonal

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] TIN [2]

Output: Triangulated irregular network. A form of the tesseral model based on triangles.

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Transformation 2. Affine [2]

Output: Affine transformation: When a map is digitized, the X and Y coordinates are initially held in digitizer measurements. To make these X,Y pairs useful they must be converted to a real world coordinate system.

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Viewshed [2]

Output: Regions of visibility observable from one or more observation points.

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] [a,b] [2]

Output: A closed interval of the Real line, for example [0,1] means the set of all values between 0 and 1, including 0 and 1

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] (a,b) [2]

Output: An open interval of the Real line, for example (0,1) means the set of all values between 0 and 1, NOT including 0 and 1. This should not be confused with the notation for coordinate pairs, (x,y), or its use within bivariate functions such as f(x,y), or in connection with graph edges (see below) — the meaning should be clear from the context

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] (x,y,z) [2]

Output: A (spatial) data triple, usually representing a pair of coordinates in two dimensions, plus a third coordinate (usually height or depth) or an attribute value, such as soil type or household income

Geospatial Analysis Vocabulary Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [in utero trimesters] -FIRST 2. morula 3. Blastula 4. five 5. implantation

Output: 1. Most dramatic changes occur in which trimester? 2. the two-celled organism (zygote) undergoes division to become a ball of cells called the ___2___. The ___2____ then turns into a hollow ball of cells called the ___3_____. All of this happens in the first ___4___ days of gestation and before ___5___.

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Organogenesis

Output: The organs and the limbs are formed during the first trimester. Any disruption of this time period may result in malformations. What is this phase of development called?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Teratology

Output: What is the study of factors that disrupt normal gestation called?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Thalimide

Output: What is the drug, which if ingested during the first trimester, results in birth without limbs (or severely deformed limbs)?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Growth and the development of the functional capacity

Output: The organs have formed by the first trimester. No new organs will be formed after this. What happens to the organs in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1) organogenesis 2) histogenesis 3) the development of function

Output: List the phases of human development, not from the chronological point of view, but in regards to the functional phases of development:

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] cells become tissue-specific example, kidney cells begin to form shape and size of kidney

Output: what occurs during histogenesis?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] the kidney which only looked like a kidney actually begins to perform the functions that a kidney would perform...

Output: explain what happens during the third functional phase of developent: the development of function.

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] mid-gestation = half-way through second trimester to fourth post-natal year

Output: When is the duration of the human brain growth spurt?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] glial cells

Output: During the brain growth spurt, what are the cells that are developing so quickly?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. Rapid proliferation of glial cells, specifically of oligodendrocytes 2. rapid myelination 3. a dramatic increase in the number of synapses - this is the most important in terms of expression of behavior. This is the formation of the wiring. Get the wiring wrong... you get the behaviors coming out all wrong too.

Output: What are the three main events that occur in the brain growth spurt?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] disruption of normal brain development such that the individual expresses abnormal behavioral patterns

Output: what does the term 'behavioral teratology' mean?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] No. the fetus has its own circulation. nutrients and waste are exchanged by an elaborate diffusion system

Output: Is there a direct connection between the mother's circulation and the fetal circulation?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Placenta

Output: What is the location of the exchange of nutrients and waste between the two circulatory systems of a pregnant woman?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] It doesn't.

Output: How does the placenta offer protection for the fetus?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] the kidneys will filter the circulating blood, and secrete drug molecules into the amniotic fluid, which the fetus normally swallows, resulting in a self-dosage.

Output: What is the conundrum of the fetal kidneys filtering drugs?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. nicotine 2. ethanol 3. marijuana followed by opiates and cocaine

Output: What are the three most frequently taken drugs during pregnancy are:

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. Central Nervous System Dysfunction 2. Growth Deficiency 3. Facial Abnormalities

Output: what are the three general categories of malfunctions in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. mild to moderate mental retardation (seen in over 80% of cases) 2. microcephaly - small brains (seen in over 80% of cases) 3. poor coordination (seen in over 50% of the cases) 4. irritability in infancy, possibly due to withdrawal (seen in over 80% of the cases) 5. hyperactivity in childhood (seen in over 50% of cases)

Output: Fetal Alcohol syndrome causes CNS dysfunction. What are the properties of this malady?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1) pre-natal growth deficiency - a little less than 2 standard deviations below the means for body weight and length.

Output: Fetal Alcohol syndrome causes growth deficiency. What are the properties of this malady?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. short eye slits 2. hypo-plastic philtrum - the grove under the nose is filled in 3. thin upper lip 4. flattened lip 5. droopy eyelids

Output: Fetal alcohol syndrome causes facial abnormalities. Name some of these abnormalities.

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] there is decreased blood flow in the cerebral cortex, not unlike Down's syndrome. The thalamus and basal ganglia are also smaller than normal, but this is not similar to down's.

Output: fMRI brain imaging data of the FAS inflicted brain suggests that:

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] permanent

Output: How long after birth do the effects of FAS last?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] if a pregnant woman consumes a moderate amount of alcohol, effects similar to FAS

Output: What are the distinguishing features of Fetal Alcohol Effects, in comparison with FAS?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] positive correlation.

Output: What is the relationship between alcohol intake and spontaneous abortion?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. reduces oxygen concentration in mothers blood (which means less oxygen available for the baby) and may introduce carbon monoxide into mother's bloodstream 2. decreases blood flow to the fetus (vasoconstriction due to sympathetic NS stimulation)

Output: What are the two general effects of smoking on the circulatory system?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] decreased oxygenation of the blood

Output: What is hypoxia?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. growth deficiency, smaller infants (in both length and weight) 2. increased in the incidence of spontaneous abortions 3. increased delivery complications and neonatal death 4) increased risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 5) increased risk for later lung related problems (like bronchitis, pneumonia) 6) perhaps poorer school performance 7) increased risk of hyperactivity

Output: Upon smoking, the resulting hypoxia, or decreased oxygen supply to the fetus results in three consequences. Explain them:

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 10 and lower

Output: It was found that children of mothers who had smoked ___ (a number) or more cigarettes a day during pregnancy had _____ (lower or higher) IQ scores than comparable control children at ages 3 and 4.

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 29% and positive correlation. -11 to 20 cigs = 38% risk -21 or more cigs = 78%

Output: A study found that mothers who smoked one to 10 cigarettes per day increased the risk of having a child with a toe or finger deformity by ____%. -What is kind of relationship (correlation) exists between number of cigarettes smoked per day and risk of toe/finger deformity?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 5 and 34

Output: The overall incidence of marijuana use during pregnancy has been estimated to be from ___ and ___ percent.

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Not pronounced at all. maybe a small effect on overall length at brith. -nothing like the abnormalities seen with FAE/FAS

Output: What are the effects of prenatal exposure to marijuana?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] -first -second and -third

Output: A study found that cannabis exposure during the ___ and ___ trimesters may lead to a decrease in body length at birth, while exposure only during the ____ trimester was found to be associated a increase in body length.

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] -smaller head circumference that persisted for two years -jitteriness at birth, but small effect

Output: There is no consensus concerning benign effects of marijuana. What have some studies found in regards to benign effects?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. behavioral problems, deficits in language comprehension, and increased distractibility . 2. no longer significantly different than the appropriate control groups

Output: 1. In regards to marijuana use during pregnancy, a study on school age children that were exposed to cannabis during development were found to have the following the consequences: 2. However, when factors like maternal age at the time of delivery, mother's personality, and the quality of the home environment were controlled for, the effects seen were:

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] delta9-THC can transfer to mother's milk VERY EASILY, and at very high levels. So, the infant will also be receiving a large dose of THC if breast feeding

Output: Considering that the brain growth spurt continues from half way through the second trimester all the way to the fourth post-natal year, what concerns are present if the mother ingests delta9-THC during post-natal period.

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] impaired motor development when they were tested at one year of age

Output: Infants that received delta9THC via mother's milk during the first month of life were seen to have the following non-behavioral consequences:

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Heroin, methadone

Output: The topic of opiate use during pregnancy talks to which two opiates?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Yes. Furthermore, the supply of drug ends upon birth and the infant experiences "neonatal narcotic withdrawal syndrome"

Output: Does dependency to heroin develop in an infant whose mother is ingesting heroin during gestation? Is there withdrawal then?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] CNS irritablity, a persistent high pitch shrill crying, tremors, inabilty to sleep properly, hyperactive reflexes, vomiting and diarrhea, frantic first sucking which isn't related to hunger since these infants feed poorly, and in extreme cases convulsions. Can last up to 6 months, before normal behavior ensues

Output: What characterizes neonatal narcotic withdrawal syndrome?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] -decreased body weight -decreased head circumferences

Output: Heroin exposure effects the overall size of the infant in which two ways?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] no difference in IQ test scores, but show deficits in general cognitive abilities and many maladaptive behaviors are present: uncontrollable temper, and aggressiveness.

Output: What are some deficits observed later in life in children exposed to heroin during their gestation.

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Mothers usually took more than one opiate. So its impossible to pin down the effects of just heroin, or just methadone

Output: When attempting to find a cause for the symptoms of aggressiveness and uncontrollable temper in children who were exposed to opiates during gestation, what confound is usually present?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. larger 2. lighter 3. less 4. high 5. small

Output: At birth, infants of mothers who only took methadone during their pregnancies had significantly ___1___ (larger/smaller) body weights compared to mothers that exclusively used heroin during their pregnancies but the methadone exposed infants were still significantly ___2___ (lighter/heavier) than non-drug exposed infant controls. The methadone infants' neonatal withdrawal was ___3___ (more or less) severe in comparison to the heroin infants but both groups had similar symptoms: hypersensitivity to stimuli, irritability, and sleep disturbances. The methadone exposed infants, like heroin exposed infants, had a ___4___ (high/low/neutral) frequency of small circumference which remains ___5___ (large/small) for at least a year and a half.

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. developmental delays and deficits in motor and mental functioning 2. poor learning behavior, aggression, anxiety. IQ scores are significantly lower.

Output: 1. At 18 months, children exposed to methadone during development show signs of: 2. At 3 years of age, these children are showing signs of:

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. increased first trimester spontaneous abortions 2. increased risk of sudden onset of contractions in the third trimester 3. increased risk of the placenta separating (abruptio placentae)

Output: What are the pregnancy complications of using cocaine during pregnancy?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1) microcephaly (small brain) 2) growth deficiency 3) irritability and tremors in infancy 4) increased risk for SIDS 5) reduced ability of the infant to respond to faces and to interact with people 6) infants that are difficult to console

Output: Name the neonatal outcome effects following cocaine exposure during gestation. Six listed

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] INCONCLUSIVE

Output: Studies examing the long-term behavioral effects (learning and behavioral issues) of cocaine have been _____(conclusive or inconclusive)

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] as long as 2 days

Output: Cocaine passes into mother's milk easily. How long can it stay there?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] name for the constellation of effects seen in children exposed to anticonvulsants during gestation.

Output: What is the Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome (FHS)

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. dilantin 2. barbiturates: phenobarbital, mephobarbital and carbamazepine

Output: a common anticonvulsant ___1(name of drug)___ is used to control seizures, which is usually given in conjunction with other anti-convulsants named:

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. deficiences of growth 2. deficits in developmental performance 3. facial abnormalities 4. limb malformations

Output: "Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome" (FHS) effects fall into what four general categories?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] broad nasal ridge, droopy eyelids, prominent low set ears, and wide mouth with prominent lips, and finally pathologically small fingers and toes

Output: What are the facial abnormalities resulting from FHS?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Severity. In FHS, the negative behavioral outcome is not as severe as the global mental retardation seen in FAS, but rather its a general deficit in cognitive abilities

Output: The most significant difference between FHS and FAS/FAE is?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 6 cups or less

Output: Moderate use of coffee is defined as?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] Nothing has been found to indicate so.

Output: Does moderate use have significant negative effect on the infant?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1. maybe the meds cause malformations? 2. maybe meds leave neonate with a withdrawal syndrome?

Output: What are some basic issues about using psych-meds during pregnancy, like anti-depressants?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] A. Controlled Studies show no risk B. No evidence of risk in humans C. Risk cannot be ruled out D. Positive evidence of risk E. Contraindicated in pregnancy -demonstration of positive evidence of fetal abnormalities or risk which clearly outweighs any possible benefit to the patient

Output: The FDA has found what results in studies attempting to find the effects of psych-meds on infants?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] constant crying, shivering, eating and sleeping difficulties, and convulsions.

Output: What are common withdrawal symptoms observed in the neonate, which last about a month post-birth?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: [in utero trimesters] 1) brain growth may be vulnerable to disruption even its late stages and (2) barbiturates may constitute a threat to normal brain growth 2)We conclude there may be a long-term adverse cognitive effect of phenobarbital on the developmental skills (language/verbal) being acquired during the period of treatment and no beneficial effect on the rate of febrile seizure recurrences or later non-febrile seizures.

Output: what are some potential effects of drugs (like barbiturate and beznodiazapines) when given to neonates, based on animal studies?

Human development ______ can be divided into three time periods, called _______, each about three months long.


Input: drinking within cutoffs no drug use

Output: what does low risk mean

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: drugs and drinking beyond cutoffs

Output: what is at risk use

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: repeated negative consequences of use

Output: what is abuse

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: abuse plus loss of control. preoccupation and dependency

Output: what is dependency

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: abs low risk at risk abuse dependency

Output: give the continuum of substance

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: hijacking of pleasure reward

Output: define loss of control

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: physical dependence

Output: definition. substance use which when reduced elicits withdrawal symptoms

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: preoccupation

Output: definition. frequent occurrence of unwelcome, intrusive thoughts of using and obtaining substances

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: compulsive use

Output: definition. pattern of use in which it is especially difficult to stop once started

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: hijacking neuroadaptation

Output: Propensity of ________ is genetically and environemtnally determined

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: men age 18-24 race-- NA or hispanic family history psychosocial risk factors

Output: name the main risks to look for in the patient history for substance abuse

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: lack of parental supervision advertising child abuse and trauma aggressive or antisocial behavior

Output: what are some examples of psychosocial risk factors

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 7 3

Output: how many drinks can women have per week? per occasion?

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 14 4

Output: how many drinks can men have per week? per occasion?

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 7 1

Output: how many drinks can old people have per week? per occasion?

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when was the last time you had more than 5 drinks? for females 4 drinks? positive response= within last three months

Output: give the one question screen for a male or female.

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: did you ever drink alochol or use more drugs than you meant to? did you ever feel you should cut down?

Output: list some of the two item conjoint screen questions

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: screening brief intervention referral to treatment

Output: what is SBIRT

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: complete cure with one treatment epdisode? is imrpovement permanent? is treatment effective for HTN DM and astham? does improvement improve quality and duration of life?

Output: what are some criteria for effectiveness?

PDS Exam I Substance Abuse Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Civil Procedure - elements of Collateral Estoppel if I PAWN something, I am precluded from taking issue if it gets sold. IDENTICAL PARTY ACTUALLY WAIVED NECESSARY

Output: IDENTICAL issue PARTY to the first proceeding (BUT mutuality considered) ACTUALLY litigated in first proceeding WAIVED assertion rights by failing to litigate in prior proceeding (with full and fair opportunity) NECESSARY to the outcome

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - Minimum Contacts, Fair Play & Substantial Justice minimal contact with PELICANS does not make you Best Friends PURPOSEFUL EVIDENCE LAW INITIATION CAUSE ALTERNATIVE NATURE STATE'S BURDEN FORESEEABILITY

Output: PURPOSEFUL availment - Hanson v. Denckla EVIDENCE – location of witnesses and evidence LAW - choice of law (forum shopping?) INITIATION - did D initiate contact with forum state? CAUSE of action - where did cause of action arise? ALTERNATIVE forum available? fair & convenient? NATURE & quality of activities - systematic vs. sporadic, direct vs. indirect, dangerous activity? STATE's interest in providing a forum for its residents and protecting health & safety concerns BURDEN of parties - economic cost, risk of multiplicity of suits, relative burden on defendant FORESEEABILITY - WW Volkswagen (likely they'd be “haled into court”)

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - Challenging The Complaint Defendant PICT VALID reasons to challenge the complaint. PLEADINGS INSUFFICIENCY CLAIM TRIABLE VENUE ALLEGATIONS LACK INDISPENSABLE DEFINITE

Output: motion for judgment on the PLEADINGS INSUFFICIENCY of process (motion to dismiss) failure to state a CLAIM (motion to dismiss) no TRIABLE issue of material fact exists as a matter of law (motion for summary judgment) improper VENUE (motion to transfer) ALLEGATIONS that are irrelevant, impertinent, scandalous (motion to strike) LACK of jurisdiction over subject matter or person (motion to dismiss) failure to join INDISPENSABLE party (motion to dismiss) motion for more DEFINITE statement of claim against defendant

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - Requirements for Certification of Class Action DECANT vintage 23(b) before you pour it into a class. DEFINABLE ECONOMY COMMONALITY ADEQUACY NUMEROSITY TYPICALITY 23(b)

Output: roughly DEFINABLE class of which P is a member judicial ECONOMY served claims have COMMON legal theory or arise out of same transaction or occurrence named parties must ADEQUATELY represent class potential Ps too NUMEROUS for joinder claim of named P must be TYPICAL of the class 23 B - action must fall within one of three categories of FRCP 23 (b)

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - Discovery Devices DADIES discover what you don't want them to know. DEPOSITIONS ADMISSIONS DOCUMENTS INTERROGATORIES EXAMINATIONS SUBPOENAS

Output: depositions (written or oral) admissions of facts documents related to cause of action (if for good cause) interrogatories examination (mental or physical) subpoena (duces tecum)

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - basic jurisdictional requirements The due process clause requires you to MOP up before jurisdiction can be asserted MINIMUM contacts OPPORTUNITY PROPER service

Output: minimum contact with the state opportunity for defendant to be heard proper service of process upon defendant

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - jurisdiction over corporations To obtain independent personal jurisdiction over defendant corporation, DIAL DC DOMICILIARY IN-STATE service AGENT LONG-ARM DOING business CONSENT

Output: defendant is a domiciliary in-state service on a non-domiciliary agent of corporation served (must be designated) long-arm jurisdiction over non-domiciliary doing business in-state consent to state's jurisdiction by defendant

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - long-arm jurisdiction over tortious conduct long-arm jurisdiction extends to non-resident tortious DEER DERIVES revenue ENGAGES in conduct EXPECTS consequences REGULARLY solicits

Output: derives substantial revenues from goods used/consumed or services rendered in-state engages in persistent course of conduct in-state expects (or reasonably should expect) that tortious acts would have consequences in-state AND defendant derives substantial revenues from interstate/int'l business regularly solicits in-state business

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - jurisdiction over matrimonial action When DADA doesn't live in-state, mama can still seek maintenance and child support DOMICILE ABANDONMENT DECREE separation AGREEMENT

Output: state was most recent marital DOMICILE of parties ABANDONMENT took place in-state claim for support accrued under state DECREE or law parties executed a separation AGREEMENT in-state

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - Consent To Jurisdiction That lawyer SCAMS defendants into consenting to jurisdiction. STIPULATE CAUSE ANSWER MOTION SUMMARY

Output: STIPULATE in open court, pleading, contract or letter assert unrelated CAUSE of action in answer serve an ANSWER that fails to raise JX objection or claiming improper service while failing to move for summary judgment MOTION to dismiss that fails to raise JX objection motion for SUMMARY judgment on related cause of action (seeking affirmative relief in-state)

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - sufficiency of Service of Process MIC is SAD because he was properly served with process. MAILING IN-HAND COURT SUITABLE AGENT DILIGENCe

Output: MAILING process to defendant who must then consent to such service IN-HAND personal delivery to the named defendant COURT authorized method of service of process delivered to person of SUITABLE age & discretion at last known address (then mail copy & file) AGENT service due DILIGENCE (nail, mail & file)

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - claims not barred by tolling under Statute of Limitations The claim WAS time-barred but plaintiff LOPED into court anyway. WRITTEN AMENDMENT SOLDIER/SAILOR LENGTHEN OBTAINING PAYMENT EQUITABLE DISABILITY/DEATH

Output: WRITTEN acknowledgment by defendant of a time-barred valid debt AMENDMENT of pleading to add a time-barred claim SOLDIER and SAILOR relief act parties agree to LENGTHEN the timeframe OBTAINING personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state defendant who would not consent to service of process partial PAYMENT by defendant of a time-barred valid debt EQUITABLE estoppel DISABILITY or DEATH of plaintiff

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - reasons to grant Motion to Dismiss In SIDEBAR, Plaintiff Finally admitted the claim should be dismissed. SoF INFANCY/INCOMPETENCY DISCHARGED ESTOPPEL BARRED ARBITRATION RELEASE PAYMENT FAILURE to state a claim

Output: STATUTE of Frauds INFANCY or incompetency subject matter of claim DISCHARGED in bankruptcy proceeding ESTOPPEL (collateral estoppel or res judicata) claim BARRED by statute of limitations ARBITRATION and award RELEASE from claim by plaintiff PAYMENT by defendant FAILURE to state a claim upon which relief can be granted

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - Provisional Remedies When a LIAR tells a LIE, the COP will FIND CJ because he's a SLOB. LIAR - the four provisional remedies LIE - reasons to grant preliminary injunction COP - procedural requirements FIND CJ - extraordinary circumstances needed to get order of attachment SLOB - lis pendens requirements

Output: LIAR: LIS pendens preliminary INJUNCTION order of ATTACHMENT appointment of RECEIVER (harsh, requires bond) LIE: LIKELIHOOD of plaintiff's success IRREPARABLE injury ($ does not suffice) EQUITABLE balance of hardships COP: CLEAR & CONVINCING evidence of extraordinary circumstances and that plaintiff will succeed ORDER must be entered to be enforceable POST-seizure hearing required immediately afterwards if order was entered ex-parte FIND CJ: FOREIGN corporation INTENT to defraud creditors or frustrate enforcement of judgment NON-DOMICILIARY defendant DILIGENT efforts are not enough to serve domiciliary or resident CRIME victims are entitled to order of attachment when suing felon (Son of Sam law) cause of action is based upon default JUDGMENT from another jurisdiction that is entitled to full faith & credit SLOB: SHERIFF is not involved LIKELIHOOD of plaintiff's success not considered by court ORDER by court not required BOND does not need to be posted

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - considerations of court in assigning Joint & Several Liability The judge uses WHIP And ROD to assign joint & several liability. WORKER'S HAZARDOUS INTENTIONAL PROPERTY AUTOMOBILE RECKLESS OVER 50% DEATH

Output: WORKER'S compensation claims where employer is impleaded by defendant release of HAZARDOUS substance that results in harm to plaintiff INTENTIONAL tortfeasors remain 100% liable PROPERTY damage injuries caused by use, ownership or operation of AUTOMOBILE RECKLESS (grossly negligent) conduct causing injury OVER 50% responsible for plaintiff's injury wrongful DEATH judgments involving economic injuries

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - Venue Venue is chosen with TLC, but if WASP MEN are on your land, you have to file locally. TLC - types of action that determine venue WASP MEN - claims involving property rights generally must be filed locally

Output: TLC: TRANSITORY action LOCAL action action to recover CHATTEL (replevin) WASP MEN: action for tort of WASTE ACTION involving leasehold SPECIFIC performance sought in real estate contract PARTITION of concurrent estates MORTGAGE foreclosure EJECTMENT action NUISANCE action

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - Discovery Devices the MAID must get PAID to discover evidence MENTAL ADMISSIONS INTERROGATORIES DEPOSITIONS PHYSICAL ADDRESSES INSPECTION DISCOVERY not held

Output: MENTAL exam request for ADMISSIONS written INTERROGATORIES DEPOSITIONS (aka "examination before trial") PHYSICAL exam demand for ADDRESSES INSPECTION of evidence DISCOVERY request for relevant evidence held by opposing party

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - Objections To Method of Inquisition Poorly phrased questions set off the BAC door ALARM. BROAD AMBIGUOUS COMPOUND ARGUMENTATIVE LEADING ASSUMING REDUNDANT MISQUOTE

Output: overly BROAD question AMBIGUOUS question COMPOUND question ARGUMENTATIVE badgering of witness LEADING question on direct exam ASSUMING fact not in evidence as part of question REDUNDANT question requiring cumulative response MISQUOTING prior statement by witness

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship


Input: Civil Procedure - Sanctions during Discovery This Judge DRIPS hot wax as a sanction for misbehavior. JUDGMENT DISMISSAL RESOLUTION IMPOSITION PRECLUSION STRIKE

Output: order default JUDGMENT against defendant DISMISS action in favor of defendant force non-disclosing party to RESOLVE the issue causing non-disclosure IMPOSE attorney fees, costs of suit and fines PRECLUDE non-disclosing party from introducing related evidence STRIKE non-disclosing party's pleadings related to issues of non-discovery

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

CREATION of agent/principal relationship OBLIGATIONS – loyalty, obedience, stewardship RIGHTS of parties RATIFICATION by principal AUTHORITY – express, implied, apparent LIABILITY - primary & vicarious (respondeat superior) TERMINATION of agent/principal relationship