Input: what are porter's 4 basic competitive strategies, ODFM [competitive advantage]

Output: Overall cost leader- gain market share with low prices, differentiation- become leader by a new brand, focus- serve only one or a few market segments, and middle of the road- wide variety of consumers


Input: 3 of porters 4 basic competitive strategies work, which doesn't? cirque de solei would be under which category [competitive advantage]

Output: middle of the road, and differentiation


Input: Whats treacy and wiersema's basic competitive strategies and whats their proposal? OCP [competitive advantage]

Output: Operational excellence- a lean value chain, customer intimacy- develop close relations, and product leadership- offering leadingedge products, offer superior value in one of the three and acceptable in the other two


Input: % and name of the 4 market share positions [competitive advantage]

Output: Market leader 40, market challengers 30, market followers 20, and market nichers 10


Input: the market challenger has one major benefit over the market leader? [competitive advantage]

Output: the second mover advantage- see what made the leader successful and improve on it


Input: Explain the concept of the market-centered company? [competitive advantage]

Output: a balanced focus between COMPETITOR and CUSTOMER developments


Input: whose the market in a global firm? [competitive advantage]

Output: the world


Input: 3 restrictions to the international trade system? [competitive advantage]

Output: Tariffs- taxes on certain imported products designed to raise revenue, quotas- limits on amount of imports allowed, Nontariff trade barriers- biases against bids from foreign countries or restrictive product standards


Input: how is international pricing typically affected by international trade restrictions [competitive advantage]

Output: prices go up slightly to cover the extra costs


Input: 2 international trade systems that help with international trade? [competitive advantage]

Output: GATT- General agreement on tariffs and trade- reduces tariffs and other international barriers, and World trade organization- enforces GATT and mediates disputes


Input: these are free trade zones 2 examples [competitive advantage]

Output: Economic Communities- the European Union and NAFTA- North American free trade agreement


Input: these economies are rich in one or more natural resources but poor in other ways? [competitive advantage]

Output: raw materrial exporting economies


Input: manufacturing accounts for 10 to 20 percent of the country's economy [competitive advantage]

Output: industrializing economies


Input: major exporters off manufactured goods, services, and investment funds, these economies trade goods among themselves and also export them to other economies for raw materials [competitive advantage]

Output: industrial economies


Input: the vast majority of people in these economies engage in simple agriculture [competitive advantage]

Output: subsistence economies


Input: Political stability and government bureaucracy make up the _____ __________ of international economies [competitive advantage]

Output: the political environment


Input: These are the business norms and cultural preferences, traditions, and behaviors of international markets [competitive advantage]

Output: cultural factors


Input: 3 ways to enter global markets? examples [competitive advantage]

Output: exporting, joint venturing- licensing or joint ownership, and direct investment- assembling facilities


Input: how does the aamount of commitment, risk, control, and profit potential change between the three ways to go global? [competitive advantage]

Output: inorder for smallest to largest, exporting, joint venturing, and direct investment


Input: describe direct and indirect exporting [competitive advantage]

Output: direct- the firm handles its own exports= more risk and investment, indirect- there is an independent international marketing intermediary


Input: 2 kinds of marketing mixes? [competitive advantage]

Output: standardized- same products and marketing approaches worldwide, or adapted- adjust the marketing mix to each target market


Input: What is straight product extension, product adaptation, and product invention when adjusting the product for an international market? [competitive advantage]

Output: same product, change product to meet local needs, and creating new product for a specific country


Input: 6 ways that marketers have harmed consumers HDHHPP [competitive advantage]

Output: high prices, deceptive practices, high pressure selling, harmful products, planned obsolescence, poor service


Input: misrepresenting product info to mislead consumers? [competitive advantage]

Output: deception


Input: what is a marketers response to the criticism of selling unsafe products [competitive advantage]

Output: marketers know theres no value in selling bad products


Input: an organized movement of concerned citizens and government agencies to protect and improve peoples current and future lving environment [competitive advantage]

Output: environmentalism


Input: a management approach that involves developing strategies that both sustain the environment and produce profits for the company [competitive advantage]

Output: environmental sustainability


Input: an organized movement of citizens and government agencies to improve the rights and power off buyers in relation to sellers [competitive advantage]

Output: consumerism


Input: What is the consumers bill of rights? [competitive advantage]

Output: rights listed for consumers- expect performance, don't have to buy, and safety. Thought up by JFK


Input: 3 criticisms of marketings? FTC [competitive advantage]

Output: false wants and too much materialism, too few social goods, and cultural pollution


Input: the philosophy of sustainable marketing that holds that the company should view and organize its marketing activities from the consumers point of view [competitive advantage]

Output: consumer-oriented marketing


Input: a principle of sustainable marketing that holds that a company should =put most of its resources into customer value building marketing investments [competitive advantage]

Output: customer-value marketing


Input: A principle of sustainable marketing that holds that a company should make marketing decisions by considering consumer wants, the companys requirements, consumers interests, and society's interests [competitive advantage]

Output: societal marketing


Input: Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the assembly of micro-tubules, its effectiveness must be related to

Output: disruption of mitotic spindle formation.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells

Output: continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The decline of MPF activity at the end of mitosis is due to

Output: the degradation of cyclin.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In the cells of some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytoki-nesis. This will result in

Output: cells with more than one nucleus

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?

Output: DNA replication

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A particular cell has half as much DNA as some other cells in a mitotically active tissue. The cell in question is most likely in

Output: G1

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The drug cytochalasin B blocks the function of actin. Which of the following aspects of the animal cell cycle would be most disrupted by cytochalasin B?

Output: cleavage furrow formation and cytokinesis

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The person credited with first recognizing (in the 1860s) that living cells cannot arise spontaneously, but arise only from previously existing cells, is

Output: Rudolf Virchow

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The function of the mitotic cell cycle is to produce daughter cells that _____

Output: are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred)

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following is false regarding sister chromatids?

Output: Both of the sister chromatids end up in the same daughter cell after cytokinesis has occurred.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The complex of DNA and protein that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome is properly called _

Output: chromatin

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The region of a chromosome holding the two double strands of replicated DNA together is called ____

Output: a centromere

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The function of the mitotic cell cycle is to produce daughter cells that _

Output: are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred)

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The complex of DNA and protein that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome is properly called

Output: chromatin

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The region of a chromosome holding the two double strands of replicated DNA together is called _

Output: a centromere

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The centromere is a region in which

Output: sister chromatids are attached to one another in prophase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: How many maternal chromosomes are present in a somatic human cell not engaged in cell division?

Output: 23

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: "Cytokinesis" refers to

Output: division of the cytoplasm

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Chromatids are __

Output: identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: If a cell contains 60 chromatids at the start of mitosis, how many chromosomes will be found in each daughter cell at the completion of the cell cycle?

Output: 30

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory and found that the quantity of DNA in the cells doubled

Output: between the G1 and G2 phases

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A cell biologist carefully measured the quantity of DNA in grasshopper cells growing in cell culture. Cells examined during the G2 phase of the cell cycle contained 200 units of DNA. What would be the amount of DNA at G1 of the cell cycle in one of the grasshopper daughter cells?

Output: 100 units

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: During interphase, the genetic material of a typical eukaryotic cell is _

Output: dispersed in the nucleus as long strands of chromatin

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: DNA replication occurs in _

Output: the S phase of interphase in both somatic and reproductive cells

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: If a somatic human cell is just about to divide, it has _____ chromatids

Output: 92

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Down syndrome is characterized by cells having three copies of chromosome 21. As a cell in an individual with Down syndrome prepares to enter mitosis, how many chromatids would be present?

Output: 94

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis?

Output: replication of chromosomes

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: During what phase in the cell cycle would you find the most DNA per cell?

Output: G2

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and the chromatin uncoils. This is essentially the opposite of what happens in _

Output: prophase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prometaphase in terms of the nuclear envelope?

Output: telophase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Assume that you are dealing with a species in which the number of chromosomes in each somatic cell is 14. How many sister chromatids are present in the early telophase of mitosis?

Output: 0

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In a human skin cell that is going through the cell cycle, when do the centrosomes separate?

Output: prophase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Following cytokinesis in an animal cell, how many centrioles does each new daughter cell possess?

Output: two

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is

Output: anaphase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: One event occurring during prophase is

Output: the beginning of the formation of a spindle apparatus

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which event or events occur during anaphase?

Output: All of the listed responses are correct.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following represents a mismatch or incorrect description?

Output: metaphase: the nuclear envelope disappears

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: During which stage of the cell cycle do sister chromatids separate?

Output: anaphase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In animal cell mitosis, the cleavage furrow forms during which stage of the cell cycle?

Output: cytokinesis

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in one plane in preparation for their separation to opposite poles of the cell?

Output: metaphase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: You would know a dividing cell was a plant cell rather than an animal cell if you saw that

Output: it had formed a cell plate

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following processes does NOT occur in dividing bacteria?

Output: mitosis

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: During binary fission in a bacterium ____

Output: the origins of replication move apart

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following is involved in the binary fission of bacteria?

Output: distribution of a copy of the single parental chromosome to each daughter cell

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: When a cell in S phase is fused with a cell in G1

Output: DNA synthesis begins immediately in the original G1 nucleus

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Tissue culture experiments with PDGF demonstrate that without this substance

Output: fibroblasts fail to divide

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: You would be unlikely to see which of the following human cells dividing?

Output: nerve cell

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

Output: Cells of benign tumors do not metastasize; those of malignant tumors do.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which choice below is a basic difference between Mendel's particulate hypothesis and the hypothesis of blending inheritance?

Output: The blending inheritance hypothesis, but not the particulate hypothesis, maintained that after a mating, the genetic material provided by each of the two parents is mixed in the offspring, losing its individual identity.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: If a plant variety is true-breeding for a dominant trait, then

Output: if the plant were allowed to self-pollinate, all of the progeny would have the dominant trait

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: If a plant variety is true-breeding for a dominant trait, then _____

Output: if the plant were allowed to self-pollinate, all of the progeny would have the dominant trait

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A = big apples; R = red apples; a = small apples; r = yellow apples. You have one tree that produces big yellow apples and another tree that produces small red apples. When the two are crossed, you find that half of the new trees produce big red apples and half produce big yellow apples. What are the genotypes of the parents?

Output: AArr and aaRr No. Trees that produce big yellow apples could be AArr or Aarr. Trees that produce small red apples could be aaRR or aaRr. Because all the offspring are big, the big parent must be homozygous for A. Because half the apples are red and half are yellow, the red parent must be heterozygous for red. The conclusion is that the cross must be AArr x aaRr.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Assume tall (T) is completely dominant to dwarf (t) in a certain species of plant. If a homozygous dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous dwarf, the offspring will

Output: all be tall

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The F1 generation differed from the F2 in Mendel's experiments in that __

Output: all of the F1 showed the dominant phenotype, but only three-fourths of the F2 did

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Physically, what are different alleles?

Output: Different alleles are different DNA sequences found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In a certain plant, the alleles A, B, and C are completely dominant to the alleles a, b, and c. A plant with the genotype AABbcc will have the same phenotype as a plant with the genotype _____

Output: AaBBcc This genotype expresses a phenotype that is dominant for all three characters.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Pea plants are tall if they have the genotype TT or Tt, and they are short if they have genotype tt. A tall plant is mated with a short plant. Which outcome below would indicate that the tall parent plant was heterozygous?

Output: The ratio of tall offspring to short offspring is 1:1.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: What is indicated when a single-character testcross yields offspring that all have the dominant phenotype?

Output: The parent with the dominant phenotype was homozygous.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: If an organism that is homozygous dominant is crossed with a heterozygote for that trait, the offspring will be _____

Output: all of the dominant phenotype

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In Mendel's monohybrid cross of purple-flowered and white-flowered peas, all members of the F1 generation had the _____ phenotype because their genotype was _____ at the flower-color locus.

Output: purple-flowered ... heterozygous

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: If the two traits that Mendel looked at in his dihybrid cross of smooth yellow peas with wrinkled green peas had been controlled by genes that were located near each other on the same chromosome, then the F2 generation ____

Output: would have deviated from the 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio that is predicted by the law of independent assortment

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: the law of independent assortment ___

Output: look up

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Homologous pairs of chromosomes often

Output: contain different alleles

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: f each parent can produce 100 genetically distinct gametes, how many genetically distinct offspring can two parents produce?

Output: 10,000

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Pea flowers may be purple (P) or white (p). Pea seeds may be round (R) or wrinkled (r). What proportion of the offspring from the cross PpRr x PpRr will have white flowers and wrinkled seeds?

Output: 1/16

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: An AABbccDdEeFF individual is crossed with an individual with the genotype AaBBCCDdEeff. What is the probability that their offspring will have the genotype AaBBCcddEEFf?

Output: 1/64

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: If a heterozygous plant is allowed to self-pollinate, what proportion of the offspring will also be heterozygous?

Output: 1/2

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: An individual with the genotype AABbCcDD can make how many different kinds of gametes?

Output: 4

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A red bull is crossed with a white cow and all of the offspring are roan, an intermediate color that is caused by the presence of both red and white hairs. This is an example of genes that are ___

Output: codominant

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Flower color in snapdragons is an example of incomplete dominance. When a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, the F1 generation has pink flowers. If a pink-flowered plant is crossed with another pink-flowered plant, the progeny plants will be ____

Output: 25% red, 50% pink and 25% white

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which choice below describes the expression of Tay-Sachs disorder in humans at the biochemical level?

Output: incompletely dominant

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Human blood groups are governed by three alleles, A, B, and O. A and B are codominant and O is recessive to both. A man who has type B blood and a woman who has type A blood could have children of which of the following phenotypes?

Output: A,B,AB or O

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following matings cannot produce a child with blood type O? The letters refer to blood types (phenotypes)

Output: O x AB

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A woman with type O blood is expecting a child. Her husband is type A. Both the woman's father and her husband's father had type B blood. What is the probability that the child will have type O blood?

Output: 50%

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A single genetic locus that controls more than one trait is said to be _____.

Output: pleiotropic

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Color in squash is controlled by epistatic interactions in which color is recessive to no color. At the first locus white squash (W) is dominant to colored squash (w). At the second locus yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y). What is the phenotype of a squash with the genotype wwYy?

Output: yellow

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Tail length in a certain species of armadillo falls along a continuum, following a normal distribution. Assuming that environmental factors do not play an important role in determining tail length, this type of variation probably reflects _____.

Output: polygenic inheritance

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Mendel's theory of particulate inheritance ____

Output: can explain inheritance patterns for virtually every sexually reproducing organism but does not explain multifactorial characters

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Tay-Sachs disease runs in Rebecca's family. On a family pedigree, she saw a shaded circle. This represented a ___

Output: female with Tay-Sachs

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A man who can roll his tongue and a woman who cannot roll her tongue have a son who can roll his tongue (R = can roll tongue; r = can't roll tongue). The son is curious about whether his father is homozygous or heterozygous for the tongue-rolling trait. Which of the following facts would allow him to know?

Output: his fathers mother cannot roll her tongue

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Michelle and Keith are apparently normal, but their daughter was born with alkaptonuria, an inherited metabolic disorder. If alkaptonuria is like most other human hereditary disorders, the probability of their next child being born with alkaptonuria is _____.

Output: 1/4 Correct. The probability of their next child having alkaptonuria is one-fourth because they are both heterozygous (carriers) for the trait.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Tom's brother suffers from phenylketonuria (PKU), a recessive disorder. The brothers' parents do not have PKU. What are the chances that Tom, who is normal for this trait, is a carrier of PKU?

Output: 2/3

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A couple, both descended from eastern European (Ashkenazic) Jews, visit a genetic counselor before trying to have children. In view of their ethnic background, the counselor recommends that they be tested to see if they are carriers for ____

Output: Tay-Sachs

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Cystic fibrosis, which is usually lethal before the age of reproduction, is a homozygous recessive trait. Why do cases continue to arise, even though people with the disease rarely live to reproduce?

Output: The harmful allele "hides" within heterozygous individuals, and one-fourth of the offspring of two heterozygotes would be afflicted.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The genetic disease cystic fibrosis is caused by a defective allele that _____.

Output: encodes a defective chloride-channel membrane transport protein

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: When two average-height parents give birth to a child exhibiting achondroplasia, it is most likely due to a new mutation. This is because _____

Output: achondroplasia is caused by an allele that is always expressed, therefore the parents must not have the allele Correct. Achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism, is due to a dominant allele.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: It is far more common to find human genetic disease caused by _____ alleles than by _____ alleles because _____.

Output: recessive ... dominant ... harmful recessive alleles can survive in the heterozygote without any selection pressure against them

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Huntington's disease is an example of a genetic disorder caused by _____

Output: a lethal dominant allele that afflicts an individual later in life

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Heart disease, diabetes, cancer, alcoholism, and many mental illnesses can best be described as _____.

Output: multifactorial disorders with a possible polygenic component Correct. These disorders involve several genes and environmental factors.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Fetal cells may be removed along with fluid from the womb by a process known as _____.

Output: amniocentesis

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In which genetic testing procedure would a physician remove a small tissue sample from a membrane of fetal genetic origin?

Output: chorionic villus sampling Correct. The cells sampled are derived from the fetus; therefore, a karyotype of the fetus can be created using these cells.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: How does codominance at the molecular level help to explain why evolutionary processes haven't resulted in the elimination of the sickle-cell allele among people of African descent?

Output: Individuals with normal and sickle-cell hemoglobin in their red blood cells are usually healthy and, when infected by the malaria parasite, have lower parasite densities and, thus, reduced malaria symptoms.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: What kind of protection does the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 provide the public with regard to the use of genetic information?

Output: The law prohibits the use of genetic test information to deny insurance coverage or employment to individuals. Correct. The law was enacted to allay fears by people opting for genetic testing that the results from such tests could be used against them by health insurance companies or potential employers.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Wild type refers to _____

Output: the most common phenotype thought to be found in the natural population

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following results of Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments with white-eyed mutant flies was unexpected in light of Mendelian genetics?

Output: Among the F2 progeny, only males had white eyes. All of the females had red eyes.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: What is the probability that a male will inherit an X-linked recessive allele from his father?

Output: 0%

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In an X-linked, or sex-linked, trait, it is the contribution of _____ that determines whether a son will display the trait

Output: the mother

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: If a mother is heterozygous for a recessive sex-linked trait and her husband has the dominant allele, which one of the following is true about the probabilities for their children?

Output: Half of their sons will have the recessive trait. Correct. All the sons will receive Y chromosomes from their father. The X must come from the heterozygous mother; therefore, each son has a 50% chance of inheriting the recessive allele.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In werewolves (hypothetically), pointy ears (P) are dominant over round ears (p). The gene is on the X chromosome. (Sex determination in werewolves is the same as for "other" humans.) A certain female werewolf has pointy ears even though her father had round ears. What percentage of her sons will have round ears if she mates with a werewolf with round ears?

Output: 50% The female werewolf must be heterozygous, because her father has round ears. Each of her sons has a 50% chance of inheriting the round allele.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A woman is red-green color-blind. What can we conclude, if anything, about her father?

Output: he is red-green color-blind

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A woman is a carrier for red-green color blindness, a sex-linked trait. Her husband is normal (not color-blind) for this trait. What are the chances that their newborn daughter will be red-green color-blind?

Output: 0%

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a sex-linked recessive allele. Its victims are almost invariably boys, who usually die before the age of 20. Why is this disorder almost never seen in girls?

Output: To express an X-linked recessive allele, a female must have two copies of the allele.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Hemophilia is a sex-linked disorder. The daughter of a father with hemophilia and a carrier mother has a _____ probability of having hemophilia.

Output: 50% Correct. The mother is XHXh, and the father is XhY. The daughter must receive Xh from the father and has a 50% chance of receiving Xh from the mother.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Queen Victoria was a carrier of a recessive sex-linked allele for hemophilia. Which of the following possibilities could explain the presence of the hemophilia allele in her genotype?

Output: Either her mother was a carrier or her father had hemophilia.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A genetic defect in humans results in the absence of sweat glands in the skin. Some men have this defect all over their bodies, but in women it is usually expressed in a peculiar way: A woman with this defect typically has small patches of skin with sweat glands and other patches without sweat glands. In women, the pattern of sweat-gland distribution can best be explained by _____.

Output: Correct Answer: X chromosome inactivation

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: With a microscope, you examine some somatic cells from a woman and notice that each nucleus has two Barr bodies. What can you infer about the sex chromosomes in this individual?

Output: She is XXX.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: X-linked genes differ from Y-linked genes in which of the following ways

Output: ons and daughters have equal probabilities in inheriting a recessive allele of an X-linked gene from their mother, but only sons can inherit rare Y-linked genetic disorders from their father.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following best describes the function of the XIST gene in X chromosome inactivation?

Output: The XIST gene on the X chromosome to be inactivated is expressed to produce multiple RNA transcripts that bind to that chromosome and effectively cover it up, thereby generating a Barr body.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: If two genes are linked, _____.

Output: they are on the same chromosome

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In a particular species of mammal, black hair (B) is dominant to green hair (b), and red eyes (R) are dominant to white eyes (r). When a BbRr individual is mated with a bbrr individual, offspring are produced in a ratio of 5 black hair and red eyes:5 green hair and white eyes:1 black hair and white eyes:1 green hair and red eyes. Which of these explanations accounts for this ratio?

Output: The genes for hair color and eye color are linked.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A gray-bodied, vestigial-winged fly is crossed with a black-bodied, normal-winged fly. The F1 progeny is testcrossed. Among the resulting offspring, _____ is a parental type, and _____ is a recombinant type.

Output: black-bodied, normal-winged ... black-bodied, vestigial-winged

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: You perform a testcross using F1 dihybrid flies. If, in the resulting offspring, the percentages of parental and recombinant offspring are about the same, this would indicate that the two genes are _____

Output: unlinked

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The recombination frequency between two gene loci is ____

Output: greater as the distance between the two loci increases

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Four genes (A, B, C, and D) are on the same chromosome. The recombination frequencies are as follows: A-B: 19%; B-C: 14%; A-C: 5%; B-D: 2%; A-D: 21%; C-D: 16%. Based on this information, which sequence of genes is correct?

Output: ACBD

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A linkage map _____

Output: orders genes on a chromosome based on recombination frequencies Correct. A linkage map presents the correct order of genes on the chromosome, although it is not necessarily an accurate representation of the actual distances between genes.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Because the frequency of crossing over is not uniform along the length of a chromosome, _____

Output: map units do not necessarily correlate to physical distances along the chromosome Correct. Map units reflect recombination frequency, but not physical distance.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following would result in genetic variation by way of new combinations of alleles?

Output: The first three responses are correct.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Individuals with an extra X chromosome _____

Output: may have subnormal intelligence or be at risk for learning disabilities

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: During meiosis, homologous chromosomes sometimes "stick together" and do not separate properly. This phenomenon is known as ____

Output: nondisjunction Correct. In nondisjunction, chromosomes fail to separate properly at meiosis.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: cells that have a number of chromosomes different from the normal number for their species are known as _____

Output: aneuploid

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: ____ is usually less severe than _____, and _____ species have been observed in plants, fish, amphibians, and even mammals.

Output: Polyploidy ... aneuploidy ... polyploid Correct. Polyploidy appears to disrupt genetic balance less than aneuploidy, and it has been observed among animals and especially plants.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Gene A is normally found on chromosome number 15 in humans. If amniocentesis reveals fetal cells containing gene A on chromosome 17, but not on 15, the best explanation would be that _____.

Output: translocation occurred

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The chromosomal abnormality in which a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome in the same place but in the reverse direction is called _____.

Output: inversion Correct. As the name suggests, an inversion is a backward piece of a chromosome.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: When a person has Down syndrome, he or she has an extra chromosome 21. Therefore, Down syndrome is a kind of _____ and results from _____

Output: aneuploidy ... nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during meiosis I

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A person with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome would appear to be _____

Output: male

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following is the only known viable human monosomy?

Output: XO

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which type of chromosomal alteration is responsible for the cri du chat syndrome?

Output: deletion Correct. A specific deletion from chromosome 5 leads to this disorder, which is characterized by mental retardation, small head and unusual facial features, and a cry that sounds like a distressed cat.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: What appears to be the mechanism for genomic imprinting?

Output: both the first and third listed responses

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Genomic imprinting in mammals appears to affect primarily genes involved in _____

Output: embryonic development

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Both chloroplasts and mitochondria _____

Output: carry extranuclear genes Correct. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria carry extranuclear genes.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: During Griffith's experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae in mice, material from _____ bacteria transformed _____ bacteria

Output: heat-killed virulent ... living nonvirulent

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Avery and his colleagues' 1944 experiment showed that DNA _____.

Output: was the substance that transformed the bacteria in Griffith's experiment

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A scientist assembles a bacteriophage with the protein coat of phage T2 and the DNA of phage T4. If this composite phage were allowed to infect a bacterium, the phages produced in the host cell would have _____

Output: the protein and DNA of T4

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: n an important experiment, a radioactively labeled bacteriophage was allowed to infect bacteria. In a first trial, the phage contained radioactive DNA, and radioactivity was detected inside the bacteria. Next, phage containing radioactive protein was used, and the radioactivity was not detected inside the bacteria. These experiments led to the conclusion that _____.

Output: the genetic material of the phage is DNA

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Up until Hershey and Chase showed that DNA was the genetic molecule, what molecule was considered the best candidate for carrying genetic information and why?

Output: proteins because they were thought to be the only molecule with both the variety and specificity of function to account for the array of heritable traits observed

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Monomers for the synthesis of DNA are called _____

Output: nucleotides

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Chargaff found that for DNA _____.

Output: the ratio of A to T is close to 1:1 and the ratio of G to C is close to 1:1

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: What technique was most helpful to Watson and Crick in developing their model for the structure of DNA?

Output: X-ray crystallography

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In DNA, the two purines are _____, and the two pyrimidines are _____.

Output: adenine and guanine ... cytosine and thymine

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following is correct?

Output: Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine; guanine forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The two sugar-phosphate strands that form the rungs of a DNA double helix are joined to each other through _____.

Output: hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The information in DNA is contained in _____.

Output: the sequence of nucleotides along the length of the two strands of the DNA molecule

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Who is credited with explaining the structure of the DNA double helix?

Output: Watson and Crick

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following attributes of DNA is most crucial to its accurate duplication?

Output: its specific base pairing and hydrogen bonding

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: During the replication of DNA, _____.

Output: both strands of a molecule act as templates

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The experiments of Meselson and Stahl showed that DNA _____.

Output: replicates in a semiconservative fashion

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The DNA structures of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are different in several ways, but one way in which they are the same is that

Output: both have a sugar-phosphate backbone

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: At each end of a DNA replication bubble is _____.

Output: a replication fork

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The role of DNA polymerases in DNA replication is to _____

Output: attach free nucleotides to the new DNA strand

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The rate of elongation in prokaryotes is _____ the rate in eukaryotes.

Output: much faster than

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The two strands of a DNA double helix are antiparallel. This means that _____.

Output: one strand runs in the 5' to 3' direction, and the other runs in the 3' to 5' direction Correct. This allows the two strands to fit together properly.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: One strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence 5′-ATAGGT-3′. The complementary base sequence on the other strand of DNA will be 3′-_____-5′.

Output: TATCCA

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the _____ of the leading strands, and to the _____ of the lagging strands

Output: 3' end...3' end

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments?

Output: topoisomerase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: After the formation of a replication bubble, which of the following is the correct sequence of enzymes used for the synthesis of the lagging DNA strand?

Output: helicases, primase, DNA polymerases, ligase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following components is required for DNA replication?

Output: RNA primer

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The removal of the RNA primer and addition of DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of Okazaki fragments in its place is carried out by _____.

Output: DNA polymerase I

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The unwinding of DNA at the replication fork causes twisting and strain in the DNA ahead of the fork, which is relieved by an enzyme called _____.

Output: topoisomerase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Once the DNA at the replication fork is unwound by helicases, what prevents the two strands from coming back together to re-form a double helix?

Output: Single-strand binding proteins bind the unwound DNA and prevent the double helix from re-forming.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which description of DNA replication is correct?

Output: Helicases separate the two strands of the double helix, and DNA polymerases then construct two new strands using each of the original strands as templates.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The overall error rate in the completed DNA molecule is approximately _____

Output: 1 error per 10,000,000,000 nucleotides

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The incorporation of an incorrect base into the DNA during replication _____

Output: can be repaired by the mismatch repair system

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which set of enzymes is involved in nucleotide excision repair?

Output: nuclease, DNA polymerase, and ligase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: unlike prokaryotic DNA replication, replication of eukaryotic chromosomes ___

Output: cannot be completed by DNA polymerase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Telomeres _____.

Output: get shorter with continued cell division is an enzyme that lengthens telomeres

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Which of the following best illustrates the importance of altered DNA nucleotides in evolutionary processes?

Output: In a temporally variable environment, a population of bacteria with an elevated rate in replication error can have a selective advantage over other populations with lower rates in replication error.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: What is the major difference between bacterial chromosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes?

Output: Bacteria have a single circular chromosome whereas eukaryotes have several linear chromosomes.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Put the following DNA-containing entities in order according to the amount of DNA found in their genomes.

Output: virus, bacteria, eukaryote

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The "beads on a string" seen in interphase chromatin are _____

Output: nucleosomes

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: DNA is the genetic material of a virus called

Output: phage T2

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: parts of the phage

Output: The phage, which infects E. coli, consists of a head, sheath, tail, and base plate made of different proteins. DNA is packaged within the head of the virus.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Because genetic material is passed on from parent to offspring, Hershey and Chase concluded that

Output: DNA had to be the genetic material of T2. Their results helped convince the scientific community that DNA was the hereditary material.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids

Output: polymers made of subunits called nucleotides.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Nucleotide structure

Output: nitrogeneous base, sugar, and phosphate group

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: One difference between DNA and RNA is the type of sugar their nucleotides contain

Output: DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. Ribose has one more oxygen atom than deoxyribose.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: Three of the four bases are the same in DNA and RNA

Output: adenine, guanine, and cytosine. The fourth base in DNA is thymine. In RNA it is uracil.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: the synthesis of a new strand begins when an enzyme called ______ attaches and synthesizes a short RNA strand that is complementary to one of the DNA strands. This piece of RNA is a _____

Output: primase primer

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, Griffith found that

Output: some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?

Output: DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 39 end of a growing strand.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 39 end of a growing strand.

Output: A + G = C + T

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis

Output: depends on the action of DNA polymerase.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around

Output: histones.

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: E. coli cells grown on 15N medium are transferred to 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment?

Output: one low-density and one intermediate-density band

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: A biochemist isolates, purifies, and combines in a test tube a variety of molecules needed for DNA replication. When she adds some DNA to the mixture, replication occurs, but each DNA molecule consists of a normal strand paired with numerous segments of DNA a few hundred nucleotides long. What has she probably left out of the mixture?

Output: DNA Ligase

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: chromatin euchromatin Eukaryotic chromatin that remains highly compacted during interphase and is generally not transcribed.

Output: The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope. The less condensed form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription. heterochromatin

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.


Input: [definition of Matter] 5 areas of Chemistry

Output: Biochemistry Organic Inorganic Analytical Physical

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] definition of Biochemistry

Output: process that takes place in organisms

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Organic

Output: living things that contain carbon

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Inorganic

Output: nonliving things that don’t contain carbon

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Analytical

Output: analyzing composition of matter

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Physical

Output: rate of which something happens/process

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Pure chemistry

Output: pursuit of chemical knowledge

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Applied chemistry

Output: research directed for practical goal

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Extensive properties

Output: depends on amount of matter that is present (quantity)

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] examples of Extensive properties

Output: Mass, volume, energy

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Intensive properties

Output: does not depend on the amount of matter present (quality);

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] examples of Intensive properties

Output: Density, melting point, boiling point

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of physical properties

Output: substance where the quality changes but doesn’t change with another substance

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Chemical properties

Output: shows when a substance changes into or interacts with another substance

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Substance

Output: type of matter that has a defined fixed composition

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] How to tell when chemical change occurs

Output: -gas being formed -changing appearance -changes into solid/precipitate

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Mixture

Output: -combination of different substances -can physically separate it -ex. Air, Foods

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Compound

Output: can’t physically separate it

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Heterogeneous mixture: and examples

Output: -one or more visible boundaries between the compounds -ex: bowl of apples and pears, or sand in water

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Homogeneous mixture and examples

Output: -has no visible boundaries, component are mixed individual atoms, ions and molecules -ex. Salt water and air (can’t physically separate it)

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Pure substances

Output: -can’t be decomposed by chemical means like elements- gold aluminum -can be like compounds

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] 5 Basic separation techniques

Output: Fltration Crystalization Distillation Extraction Chromatology

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Filtration

Output: -separates components of a mixture based upon differences in particle size.

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Crystallization

Output: -separation based on differences in solubility (able to mix) of components in a mixture

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Distillation

Output: -separation based up on differences in volatility (evaporate)

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Extraction

Output: -separation is based upon differences in solubility in different solvents (major material)

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Chromatography

Output: -separation based upon differences in solubility in a solvent versus a stationary phase

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Element

Output: -simplest form of matter (oxygen or hydrogen);

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Compounds

Output: -substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined; has a fixed proportion

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Physical methods and examples

Output: -can’t break compounds -ex. boil water doesn’t make oxygen and hydrogen

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] things that make a chemical change

Output: -Burn, rot, rust, decompose, ferment, explode, or corrode means a chemical change

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] -substance present is the... -substance produced is the...

Output: -reactant -product

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] Chemical change involves...

Output: transfer of energy

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def or Law of conservation of mass

Output: -physical/chemical change mass conserves -not created nor destroyed

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] the def of Atom

Output: -the smallest unit of an element, building blocks of matter

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] the def of Element

Output: -pure substance made up of one kind of atom

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] the def of Compound

Output: -substance that is made from the two or more elements that are chemically bounded

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] Phlogiston Theory is...

Output: -Combustible materials contained phlogiston- released when burning -air attracted phlogiston, burning stopped when air became “saturated” -had negative mass

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] Antoine Lavoisier found out...

Output: -proved oxygen in air necessary for burning

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Measurement

Output: -quantitative observation consisting of number and a unit

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Uncertainty measurement

Output: -a digit that must be estimated is the uncertain digit

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Precision

Output: -refers to degree of agreement over several measurements made in same manner

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Accuracy

Output: -agreement of a particular value with the true value

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Random error

Output: -the numbers have no pattern

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] def of Systematic error

Output: numbers are in a pattern

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] When there’s a decimal and sig figs

Output: -start counting sig figs after zeros after the decimal

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] sig figs and exact numbers

Output: Exact numbers have infinite number of sig figs

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] When there isn’t a decimal present and sig figs

Output: -don’t count ending zeros

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] sig figs in Multiplying or Dividing

Output: -number of sig figs in answer = least number of sig figs in calculations

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] sig figs in Adding or Subtracting

Output: -number of decimal places in result= places in least precise measurement

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] International System of Units of Length Mass Temp Time Amt. Sub Electric current

Output: -meter -kilogram -kelvin -second -mole -ampere

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] --Metric prefixes- kilo deci centi milli

Output: -1000 times larger (k) -10 times smaller (d) -100 times smaller (c) -1000 times smaller (m)

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [definition of Matter] Kelvin is conversion

Output: the absolute temperature scale begins at absolute Zero; only has pos. values -K= celcius + 273.15

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anything that has mass or occupies space


Input: [1] forms mucus serous and epidermal membranes [2]

Output: epithelium

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] most widely distributed tissue type in body [2]

Output: epithelium

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] produce a lubricating mucus. often present in simple columnar epithelium [2]

Output: goblet cells

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] single layer of tall cells that fit closely together [2]

Output: simple columnar epithelium

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] epithelial membranes that line body cavities open to the body exterior [2]

Output: mucosae or mucous membranes

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] structureless material secreted by cells [2]

Output: basement membrane

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] most concerned with absoroption secretion and filtration [2]

Output: simple epithelia

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] slick membranes that line the ventral body cavity and cover the organs in that cavity [2]

Output: serous membranes or serosae

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] rest on a basement membrane some cells are shorter than others [2]

Output: pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] consists of several layers and most common stratified epithelium in the body [2]

Output: stratified columnar epithelium

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] highly modified stratified squamous epithelium that forms the lining of only few organs urinary [2]

Output: transitional

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product [2]

Output: a gland

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] products made in a gland [2]

Output: secretion

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] lose their connection to the surface often called ductless glands [2]

Output: endocrine glands

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] retain their ducts and secretions empty through the ducts to the epithelial surface [2]

Output: exocrine glands

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] connects body parts found everywhere in the body [2]

Output: connective tissue

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] good blood supply [2]

Output: vascularized

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nonliving substances found outside the cells in connective tissues [2]

Output: extracellular matrix

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] bone, composed of bone cells sitting in cavities called lucanae surrounded by layers of hard matrix [2]

Output: osseous

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] most widespread cartilage has abundant collagen fibers [2]

Output: hyaline cartilage

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] forms cushion like disks between the vertebrae of the spinal column [2]

Output: fibrocartilage

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] found where a structure with elasticity is desired [2]

Output: elastic cartilage

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] collagen fibers as its main matrix element [2]

Output: dense connective tissue or dense fibrous tissue

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] crowded between the collagen fibers that manufacture the fibers [2]

Output: fibroblasts

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] attach skeletal muscles to bones [2]

Output: tendons

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] connect bones to bones at joints [2]

Output: ligaments

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] widely dist. connective tissue variety in the body, is a soft, pliable tissue [2]

Output: areolar tissue

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] when a body region is inflamed swells and becomes puffy a condition called... [2]

Output: edema

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] fat tissue [2]

Output: adipose tissue

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] consists of a delicate network of interwoven reticular fibers [2]

Output: reticular connective tissue

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] considered a connective tissue [2]

Output: blood

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] highly specialized to contract to produce movement [2]

Output: muscle tissues

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] packaged by connective tissue sheets into organs called... [2]

Output: skeletal muscle

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] found only in the heart [2]

Output: cardiac muscle

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] junctions that branching cells fit tightly together in [2]

Output: intercalated disks

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] no striations are visible have single nucleus and are spindle shaped [2]

Output: smooth or visceral muscle

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] two major functional characteristics [2]

Output: irratibility and conductivity

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] insulate and support or protect the delicate neurons, make up the structures of the nervous system [2]

Output: supporting cells

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] replacement of destroted tissue by the same kind of cells [2]

Output: regeneration

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] repair by dense connective tissue [2]

Output: fibrosis

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Allows fluid rich in clotting proteins and other substances to seep into the injured area from the bloodstream [2]

Output: Capillaries become permeable

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A delicate pink tissue composed of new capillaries that grow into the damaged area from undamaged blood vessels [2]

Output: Granulation tissue forms

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An abnormal mass of proliferating cells [2]

Output: Neoplasm

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Body tissues enlarge because there is some local irritant or condition that stimulates the cells [2]

Output: Hyperplasia

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Decrease in size [2]

Output: Atrophy

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Bone hyaline cartilage finrocartilage dense fibrous areolar adipose [2]

Output: Connective tissues

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Consist of two or more cell layers considerably durable [2]

Output: Stratified epithelia

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Fit closely together to form continuous sheets [2]

Output: Epithelial cells

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Group of cells that are similar in structure and function [2]

Output: Tissues

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Transfer of Information from DNAs base sequence into the complementary base sequence of mRNA [2]

Output: Transcription

Anatomy Ch. 3 Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [incentive pay] Effective incentive pay systems are based on three assumptions:

Output: 1) Individual employees and work teams differ in how much they contribute to the company, both in what they do as well as in how well they do it. 2) The company’s overall performance depends to a large degree on the performance of individuals and groups within the company. 3) To attract, retain, and motivate high performers and to be fair to all employees, a company needs to reward employees on the basis of their relative performance.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] individual pay system

Output: these plans reward employees whose work is performed independently

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] individual performance measures

Output: Quantity of work output Quality of work output Monthly sales Work safety record Work attendance

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] Types of Individual Incentive Plans

Output: piecework plans managment behavior encouragement referral

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] piecework plans

Output: reward workers for every item produced over a designated production standard

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] types of piecework plans

Output:  Awards based on individual production vs. objective standards  Awards based on individual performance standards using objective and subjective criteria  Quantity and/or quality goals

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] managment incentice plans

Output: award bonuses to managers when they meet or exceed objectives based on sales, profit, production, or other measures for their division

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] behavior encouragement

Output: employees receive payments for specific behavioral accomplishments

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] referral plans

Output: employees receive bonuses for recruitment of highly qualified employees

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] group/team pay systems

Output: these plans promote supportive, collaborative behavior among employees

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] group performance measures

Output: -Customer satisfaction -Labor cost savings -Materials cost savings -Reduction in accidents -Services cost savings

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] company wide/organization pay plans

Output: these plans tie employee compensation to a company’s performance over a short time frame; Rewards employees when company meets performance standards

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] organizational performance measures

Output: Company profits -Cost containment -Market share -Sales revenue

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] types of Company-Wide incentive plans:

Output: 1) Profit sharing plans: Current profit-sharing plans: Financial reward for employees when company meets profit objectives Deferred profit-sharing plans: Right to purchase shares of company stock given to employees 2) Employee stock option plans

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] Describe the types of commissions.

Output: flat, ind. commision rate, ramped, and adjusted

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] flat commission

Output: -% X $ amount sold

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] Individual commission rate (IDR

Output: target/quota

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] ramped

Output: quota + % (as the volume is increased the % added in increased)

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] adjusted

Output: commission varies among the product. Different %’s for each product. (used in pharmaceutical companies)

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] gainsharing

Output: system of management used by a business to get higher levels of performance through the involvement and participation of its people. As performance improves, employees share . Gainsharing is about people working smarter together and not just working harder.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] gain sharing details

Output: o Incentives based on company’s o improved productivity o Based on open leadership o Involves employee participation o Includes bonuses o Most gain sharing programs have three components:  Leadership philosophy  Employee involvement systems  Bonuses

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] profit sharing

Output: provides for a common award level, either a fixed amount or a percentage of base pay, that will be paid to all eligible employees upon achieving a certain level of profitability

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] profit sharing details

Output: o Current profit-sharing plans  Financial reward for employees when company meets profit objectives o Deferred profit-sharing plans  Right to purchase shares of company stock given to employees o Fixed first-dollar-of profits o Graduated first-dollar-of profits o Probability threshold formula

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] similarites and dif. in gainsharing and profit sharing

Output: •Industries oGainsharing- common in production or production-oreinted environments oProfit sharing-wide-variety of industries •Motivation oGainsharing-can start to lose their motivational value as incremental gains over prior performance periods start to diminish oProfit sharing-less effective that other forms of variable pay in motivating specific individual •Emphasis oGainsharing- group or organizational achievement oProfit sharing- emphasizes profit

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] theories guiding executive compensation

Output: MM...CHEF SPAT?! managerial, marginal, class hegemony, human capital, efficeincy, figurehead, social comparison, prospect, agency, tournament

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] agency theory

Output: Shareholders give control to executives

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] tournament theory

Output: managers compete for pormotinos

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] social comparison theory

Output: compensation compared to others

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] class hegemony theory

Output: executives share a common bond

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] efficiency theory

Output: paid a premium to exert effort and avoid firing

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] figurehead theory

Output: CEO is a symbol and rep

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] human capital theory

Output: value based on KSAO

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] managerial theory

Output: CEO's have power yielded to them by owners

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] marginal productivity theory

Output: CEO compensation is base on his/her value of the firm

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] prospect theory

Output: focuses on executive's loss aversion

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] range penetration

Output: employee’s salary – range min/max-min * this ratio tells you how much room the employee has to increase their salary before they go over the max. in their pay grade

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] compa-ratio

Output: salary/midpoint of pay range *This ratio helps decide how large of a raise in pay an employee needs at a given time. It allows an organization to understand how an individual’s pay relates to the organization’s pay ranges and the market. If the individual’s compa-ratio is 100%, then the individual is already being paid what a competent performer would be.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] local national

Output: individual who resides or originates from the host county

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] expatriate

Output: home country national who is sent to a host country for an assignment

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] inpatriate

Output: host county national brought to home county for an assignment

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] flexpatriate

Output: employee who works in multiple host countries

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] Differentiate a host versus home country

Output: •Host country – hosts portion of your business’s operation •Home country – where the business is incorporated

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] Describe the cost equalization approach to expatriate compensation

Output: The approach is a compensation plan that equalizes cost differences between the international assignment and the same assignment in the home country. It may be seen as a protection against higher costs, or it may be seen as part of an attempt to ensure that the employee neither giants nor loses in living standard from accepting the assignment other than from changes in direct pay.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] social security act of 1935

Output: Brought about three programs in order to relieve social problems cause by the Great Depression

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] generally employers must pay both state and federal unemployement taxes under the unemployement insurance when..

Output: they pay wages to employees totaling $1,500 or more in any quarter of a calendar year; or  they had at least one employee during any day of a week during 20 weeks in a calendar year, regardless of whether the weeks were consecutive. However, some state laws differ from the federal law

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] o 6.2 percent of taxable wages of employees  first $7,000 paid in wages, or $454 per employee per year  Early and timely payments receive an offset credit of up to 5.4 percent o States administer within federal guidelines o States send money to federal government o Agriculture and domestic workers are exempt

Output: o 6.2 percent of taxable wages of employees  first $7,000 paid in wages, or $454 per employee per year  Early and timely payments receive an offset credit of up to 5.4 percent o States administer within federal guidelines o States send money to federal government oAgriculture and domestic workers are exempt

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] Old age, Survivor, Disability insurance (OASDI) exemptions

Output: Civilian federal worker Railroad employees (before 1984) State and local government workers Children •Under 21 if working for a parent •Unless over 18 working in the family’s business

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] OASDI Requirements

Output: Earn 40 quarters of credit or: Be employed for 10 years Be age 62 for partial benefits Be age 65 for full benefits In 2002 be age 67

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] medicare- CHMP

Output: oFor citizens age 65 and older oProvided insurance coverage for Hospitalization Convalescent care Major doctor bills Prescription drug costs

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] equity reward

Output: o as an employee reward, equity represents ownership in a company, Ownership typically is in the form of stock

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] company stock

Output: stock shares you own for the company you work for

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] common stock

Output: form of corporate equity ownership, a type of security. In the event of bankruptcy, common stock investors receive their funds after preferred stock holders, bondholders, creditors, etc. On the other hand, common shares on average perform better than preferred shares or bonds over time.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] preferred stock

Output: equity securities in which an owners rate of return is fixed. Preferred stock receives a higher priority to be paid back than common stock in the event of liquidation or bankruptcy

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] stock split

Output: change in the number of shares issued by adjusting the number of shares to current owner

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] liquity

Output: generate cash to meet short term financial obligations

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] dividends

Output: o payments to shareholders by a corporation, paid from the company’s retained earnings and not deductible as an expense to the company

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] yield

Output: rate of return on an investment-expressed as %

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] downside risk

Output: o the potential for losing money when a downturn in the market or the stock price negatively affects the value of one’s stock holdings

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] public securities market

Output: when stocks are publicly sold/traded

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] initial public offering (IPO)

Output: a company's initial sale of its shares to the investing pulic

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] governing agencies that deal with equity based rewards

Output: securities and exchange commission financial accounting stantards board international accounting standards board dept. of labor internal revenue service

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] securities and exhcnage commission

Output: Regulates “insider trading” Publicly traded company reports here

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] financial acct. standards board

Output:  A private body that decides how financial executives should report their firms’ financial information to their shareholders. It derives its authority from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the SEC enforces the accounting standards.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] dept of labor

Output: subject to FLSA and ERISA

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] internal revenue service

Output: makes rulings on revenue and private-letter that interpret legislation

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] forms of taxation for employee

Output: o Ordinary income tax o Capital gains taxes  Tax on gains from interest o Short-term capital gain o Long-term capital gain  Held for 1 year and 1 day later o Dividend tax rate  Added by JAGTRRA o Alternative minimum tax (AMT)

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] forms of taxation for the employer

Output: consult firms acountnat or enrollin advance taxation

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] ERISA- employee pension benefit plan and pension plans

Output:  Any plan, fund, or program…to the extent that by its express terms or as a result of surrounding circumstances such plan, fund, or program— • Provides retirement income: or • Results in a deferral of income

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] ERISA title 1 exclusions

Output:  Government plans  Certain Church plans  Unfunded excess benefits plans  Plans maintained outside of the United States

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] HIPPA (health insurance portability and accountablilty act of 1996)

Output: o Imposed requirements on employer-sponsored group health plans, insurance companies, and health maintenance organizations (HMOs) beyond ERISA, IRC, etc

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] HIPPA ADDED...

Output:  Limit exclusion for pre-existing conditions  Prohibit discrimination due to health status  Guarantee renewability and availability of coverage to certain employers and individuals

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] HIPPA title 1 rules

Output:  Pre-existing conditions is a condition for which medical advice,, diagnosis, care or treatment was recommended or received for six months

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] HIPPA Pre-existing Condition Limitations

Output: •Plans must cover pre-existing conditions after 12 months (18 for late enrollees) •Employees must be given credit for previous coverage that occurred without a “break” in coverage (63 days or more) AKA “creditable coverage” •COBRA counts

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] foreign-service premium

Output: a payment made to all expatriates going on assignment. Direct cash incentives that are unrelated to cost. Usually fifteen percent of pay in every check

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] mobility premium

Output: a lump sum usually paid in two amounts one in the beginning and one at the end of the year, used as an incentive payment for going on assignment

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] hardship premiums

Output: Money given to an employee for moving to a difficult location. Payment usually expressed as a percentage of salary and ranges from 5 to 35 percent of pay.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] location premium

Output: A more politically correct term for hardship premium.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] tantalization agreement

Output: bilateral social security agreement. Companies try to be exempt from the host country’s social security system and still participate in the home country’s social security system. Usually for temporary assignments and only lasts for 5-6 years.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] split pay approach

Output: Here the company pays the expatriate in local and home currency. The local amount is used for housing and food expenses and the home currency protects the expatriate from fluctuations in currencies.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] balance sheet approach

Output: Combining all policies to compensate the expatriate.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] three ways in which compensation is commonly defined across the world.

Output: cash compensation gross compensation net compensation

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] cash conpensation

Output: wage rates, salary, cash bonuses and sort term incentives but excludes the value of employee benefits, special allowances, long term incentives, deferred compensation, contributions to savings plans, distributions through profit sharing plans, and noncash compensation such as equities.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees