Input: [Define "Metabolism"] Cellular respiration is exergonic. Why?

Output: In the cellular respiration equation: Cv6Hv12Ov2 + Ov2 → 6 COv2 + Hv2O, the [Cv6Hv12Ov2 + Ov2] part has a high G value, which makes it unstable. The reaction that takes place is exergonic because the G value is going from high to low, indicating that it is going to equilibrium. The reaction is spontaneous, bound to happen, and no energy is required.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] Describe endergonic reactions.

Output: Endergonic reactions absorb free energy from the surrounding material. In these reactions, ∆G increases and it positive. It is a non-spontaneous reaction. It's like pushing a ball up a hill.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] Once something has reached equilibrium, all ______ ends.

Output: Once something has reached equilibrium, all WORK ends.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] Keeping our molecular selves our of equilibrium ultimately does what since cells which have achieved equilibrium are already dead?

Output: Keeping our molecular selves our of equilibrium ultimately keeps us alive.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] There is a constant flow of energy into and out of our system. Describe what happens, using G value levels, when cellular respiration occurs.

Output: When cellular respiration occurs, the input is oxygen and glucose, with high G values, and the output is carbon dioxide & water with low G values.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] What are the three types of work that's going on inside of a cell?

Output: Mechanical - Muscle cells, cilia Transport work - Pumping across a membrane Chemical work - Pushing of endergonic reactions for synthesis (anabolic)

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] Describe energy coupling.

Output: When an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction. It's seen frequently with ATP.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] What is described as an exergonic reaction that is used to drive an endergonic reaction. And is frequently seen with ATP.

Output: Energy coupling.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] Exergonic _______ energy, and endergonic _______ energy.

Output: Exergonic CREATES energy, and endergonic REQUIRES energy.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] What are the three components that make up ATP?

Output: Ribose sugar, adenine, and a chain of phosphorous.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] When hydrolyzed, ATP produces how much kcal of energy per mole?

Output: When hydrolyzed, ATP produces -7.3 kcal of energy per mole?

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] ATP + Hv2O → ___________

Output: ATP + Hv2O → ADP = Pvi

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] What is the most visual way of seeing our body use hydrolysis on ATP?

Output: Shivering.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] When an inorganic phosphorous leaves ATP due to hydrolysis, what occurs next?

Output: When an inorganic phosphorous leaves ATP due to hydrolysis, that phosphorus goes through phosphorylation and attaches to another molecule involved in an endergonic reaction, make it more unstable, and movement of that protein or molecule is produced.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] How does ADP become ATP again?

Output: Through an endergonic reaction, it is possible to regenerate ATP.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] What is the purpose of enzymes?

Output: To speed up spontaneous reactions.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] What is a catalyst?

Output: A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction WITHOUT BEING CONSUMED!

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] Any biological or chemistry term ending in "-ase" is most likely what?

Output: An enzyme.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] What is Activation Energy?

Output: Energy needed to start a reaction.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] The most unstable condition a molecule can be in is known as the ______ state.

Output: The most unstable condition a molecule can be in is known as the transition state.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Define "Metabolism"] What usually provides activation energy? Why can't biological systems always use this?

Output: Heat usually provides activation energy, but biological systems, such as the human body, cannot rely on this because too much heat causes proteins to denature and will also break bonds that aren't meant to be broken.

Introduction to Metabolism (AP Biology) Flashcards - Cram.com

The totality of an organism's internal chemical reactions.


Input: [Reason] Main conclusion

Output: the claim you are being persuded to believe

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Intermediate conclusion

Output: conclusion reached before main conclusion

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Counter assertion

Output: when a claim is made against an argument without reasons to support it

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Counter argument

Output: when a conclusion plus reasons are given that go against the argument

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Evidence

Output: reasearched, often statistical examples, used to prove a point

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Example

Output: an illustration which supports a reason

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Hypothetical reasoning

Output: based on what may happen in the future "If this happen, then this will happen"

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Assumptions

Output: the unsaid part of an arugument that needs to be true for an argument to work effectively

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Reason indicators

Output: since, because, for, as is implied by, for this reason

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Conclusion indicators

Output: therefore, as a result of, we conclude, it follows

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Analogies

Output: claims that are a number of significant parts of comparrsion between two different things

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Principles

Output: statement which makes a claim about how things should be

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Slippery slope

Output: injustified claim that negative consuequences will follow if something bad is allowed to happen

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Post hoc

Output: assumes that if an event follows 'after this' it was caused by this

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Circular argument

Output: conclusion repeats the reasons

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Restricting the options

Output: limited number of possibilities which listener not allowed to chose, others options not mentioned

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Tu Quoque

Output: deflecting criticsm by accusing the critic of being guilty of the same thing (two wrongs don't make a right)

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Confusing necessary and sufficnet conditions

Output: necessary conditions is vital for something else to happen. Sufficent conditions gaurenteers next stop can follow

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Hasty Generalisation

Output: something claimed about a large group of people based on little evidence

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Straw Man

Output: argument grossly exaggerated or simplified to make it easier to knock down

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Ad Hominen

Output: criticising the person putting forward the argument, not the argument itself

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Conflation

Output: using two different terms as if they were exactly the same, the conclusion then presented using only one of the concepts

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Reason] Simplyfying casual relationships

Output: one event was caused by another without providing sufficent evidence

Critical Thinking AS Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what does Echinodermata stand for/ mean? [Phylum Echinodermata]

Output: Spiny skin


Input: what kind of symmetry to echinoderms have? [Phylum Echinodermata]

Output: Radial Symmetry


Input: What type of pores are located by the madreporite of a starfish? [Phylum Echinodermata]

Output: Gonopores


Input: On what surface is a starfishes anus? [Phylum Echinodermata]

Output: the Aboral surface


Input: what system provides a hydrostatic support system for echinoderms? [Phylum Echinodermata]

Output: the tube feet


Input: what is unique of the echinoderms? [Phylum Echinodermata]

Output: the water vascular system


Input: The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called [rods and cones]

Output: sensation


Input: The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of [rods and cones]

Output: transduction


Input: Gestalt psychologists hold that the brain is predisposed to impose order on incoming sensations, and one way it does this is by: [rods and cones]

Output: perceptual grouping rules


Input: Without sensory adaptation, you might: [rods and cones]

Output: be constantly aware of the pinch of your watch on your wrist


Input: If two objects are assumed to be the same size, the object that casts the smaller retinal image is perceived to be [rods and cones]

Output: more distant


Input: The McGurk effect best illustrates [rods and cones]

Output: sensory interaction


Input: The hole in the retina, which lacks a mechanism to sense light and contains neither rods nor cones, is called the: [rods and cones]

Output: blind spot


Input: The chemical senses are: [rods and cones]

Output: olfaction and gustation


Input: The brain breaks vision into separate dimensions such as color, depth, movement, and form, and works on each aspect simultaneously. This is called [rods and cones]

Output: parallel processing


Input: Rods are [rods and cones]

Output: more light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones


Input: The visual cliff is a laboratory device for testing ________ in infants. [rods and cones]

Output: depth perception


Input: When you read, the written words and the illustrations are perceived as ________; the white of the page itself is perceived as ________. [rods and cones]

Output: figure; ground


Input: Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the [rods and cones]

Output: sensory receptors


Input: Subliminally presented stimuli [rods and cones]

Output: can sometimes be consciously perceived


Input: A perceptual set is a [rods and cones]

Output: mental predisposition that influences what we perceive


Input: Because Carmella, Jorge, and Gail were all sitting behind the same bowling lane, Ruth perceived that they were all members of the same bowling team. This best illustrates the organizational principle of [rods and cones]

Output: proximity


Input: Receptors in the muscles, tendons, and joints are to ________ as the vestibular system is to ________. [rods and cones]

Output: position of the body in space; balance


Input: To maximize your sensitivity to fine visual detail you should [rods and cones]

Output: stare directly at the object


Input: Railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as [rods and cones]

Output: linear perspective


Input: [Phylum Echinodermata] Spiny skin

Output: what does Echinodermata stand for/ mean?


Input: [Phylum Echinodermata] Radial Symmetry

Output: what kind of symmetry to echinoderms have?


Input: [Phylum Echinodermata] Gonopores

Output: What type of pores are located by the madreporite of a starfish?


Input: [Phylum Echinodermata] the Aboral surface

Output: On what surface is a starfishes anus?


Input: [Phylum Echinodermata] the tube feet

Output: what system provides a hydrostatic support system for echinoderms?


Input: [Phylum Echinodermata] the water vascular system

Output: what is unique of the echinoderms?


Input: The motorcycle skills test allows the rider to demonstrate his/her ability to control the motorcycle through several skills tests. The motorcycle skills test is

Output: a pass/fail test.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: You will be asked to demonstrate the following four skills, which include tracking paths (the area within and including the tracking lines):

Output: • Serpentine Ride – Beginning on the right of the first cone, you will weave through a row of five traffic cones. At the end of the row of cones you will begin the circle ride. • Circle Ride – Ride around the circle twice in a clockwise direction keeping the front wheel within the tracking path, return to the starting point weaving once more through the row of five cones. • Slow Ride – Ride slowly between two parallel lines keeping the front tire within the tracking path. At the end of the tracking path, begin the circle ride twice in a counterclockwise direction or by turning right into the circle tracking path. • Gear Shift Ride – Ride in a straight path, shifting gears up, then down, complete a U-turn and return, shifting gears up, then down and end in a smooth stop at the starting point.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: PrePariNG to riDe What you do before you start a trip goes a long way toward determining whether you’ll get where you want to go safely. Before starting any trip, a safe rider makes a point to:

Output: • Wear the right gear. • Become familiar with the motorcycle. • Check the motorcycle equipment. • Be a responsible rider.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Wearing the right gear When you ride, your gear is “right” if it protects you. In any crash, you have a far better chance of avoiding serious injury when you wear:

Output: • An approved helmet. • Face or eye protection. • Protective clothing.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Crashes can occur—particularly among new riders. Many crashes result in

Output: head or neck injuries with head injuries being far more common.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: All operators and passengers must wear an

Output: approved safety helmet when riding on a motorcycle, motor-driven cycle, motorized bicycle, or motorized scooter.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: No matter what your speed in a crash, if you are wearing a helmet you are

Output: three times more likely to survive a head injury than if you aren’t wearing one.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Whichever style you choose, you get the most protection by making sure the helmet:

Output: Meets U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and state safety standards. Has the DOT lettering on the back of the helmet for your safety. NOTE: The DOT lettering should not be a stick-on label or easily removed. • Fits snugly, all the way around. • Has no obvious defects such as cracks, loose padding or frayed straps. Keep your helmet securely fastened on your head when you ride. Otherwise, if you are involved in a crash, it’s likely to fly off your head before it gets a chance to protect you.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Goggles protect your eyes, but they

Output: don’t protect the rest of your face as a face shield does. A windshield is not a substitute for a face shield or goggles. Most windshields will not protect youreyesfrom the wind. Neither will eyeglasses or sunglasses. Glasses won’t keep your eyes from watering, and they might blow off when you turn your head. To be effective, eye or face shield protection must: • Be free of scratches. • Be resistant to punctures. • Give a clear view to either side.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Clothing The right clothing...

Output: protects you in a collision. It also provides comfort, as well as protection from heat, cold, debris, and the hot and moving parts of the motorcycle. • Jacket and pants should cover arms and legs completely. They should fit snugly enough to keep from flapping in the wind, but still allow you to move freely. Leather or a sturdy synthetic material offers the most protection. Wear a jacket even in warm weather to prevent dehydration. Many are designed to protect without getting you overheated, even on summer days. • Boots or shoes should be high and sturdy enough to cover your ankles and support them. Soles should be made of hard, durable, slip-resistant material. The heels should be short so they do not catch on rough surfaces. Tuck in laces so they won’t catch on your motorcycle. • Gloves allow a better grip and help protect your hands. Your gloves should be made of leather or similar durable material.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: In cold or wet weather, your clothes...

Output: should keep you warm and dry, as well as protect you from injury. You cannot control a motorcycle well if you are numb. Riding for long periods in cold weather can cause severe chill and fatigue. A winter jacket should resist wind and fit snugly at the neck, wrists, and waist. Good-quality rain suits designed for motorcycle riding resist tearing apart or ballooning up at high speeds.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: There are many things on the highway that can cause you trouble. Your motorcycle should not be one of them. To make sure that your motorcycle won’t let you down:

Output: • Start with the right motorcycle for you. • Read the owner’s manual first. • Be familiar with the motorcycle controls. • Check the motorcycle before every ride. • Keep it in safe riding condition between rides. • Avoid add-ons and modifications that make your motorcycle harder to handle.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: First, make sure your motorcycle “fits” you. Your feet should reach the ground while you are seated on the motorcycle. At minimum, your street-legal motorcycle must have:

Output: • Tires with sufficient tread for safe operation. • Headlight, taillight, brake light, and turn signals. • Front and rear brakes. • A horn and two mirrors.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Be completely familiar with the motorcycle before you take it out on the street. If you use an unfamiliar motorcycle:

Output: Make all the checks you would on your own motorcycle. • Find out where everything is, particularly the turn signals, horn, headlight switch, fuel-supply valve, and engine cut-off switch. You should be able to find them without having to look for them. • Know the gear pattern. Work the throttle, clutch and brakes a few times before you start riding. All controls react a little differently. • Ride very cautiously and be aware of your surroundings. Accelerate gently, take turns more slowly, and leave extra room for stopping.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Check Your Motorcycle A motorcycle needs more frequent attention than a car. If something is wrong with the motorcycle,you’ll want to find out about it before you get in traffic. Make the following checks before every ride:

Output: • Tires—Check the air pressure, general wear, and tread. • Fluids—Oil and fluid levels. At a minimum, check hydraulic fluids and coolants weekly. Look under the motorcycle for signs of an oil or gas leak. • Headlights and Taillight— Check them both. Test your switch to make sure both high and low beams work. • TurnSignals—Turn onbothright and left turn signals. Make sure all lights work properly. • Brake Light—Try both brake controls and make sure each one turns on the brake light. Once you are on the motorcycle, complete the following checks before starting out: • ClutchandThrottle—Make sure they work smoothly. The throttle should snap back when you let go. The clutch should feel tight and smooth. • Mirrors—Clean and adjust both mirrors before starting. Adjust each mirror so you can see the lane behind and as much as possible of the lane next to you. When properly adjusted, a mirror may show the edge of your arm or shoulder—but it’s the road behind and to the side that is most important. • Brakes—Try the front and rear brake levers one at a time. Make sure each one feels firm and holds the motorcycle when the brake is fully applied. • Horn—Make sure the horn works.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: In addition to the checks before every trip, check the following items at least once a week:

Output: Wheels, cables, fasteners, and fluids. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Crashes are fairly common among new riders. Riding an unfamiliar motorcycle adds to the problem. Get familiar with any motorcycle that is new to you, preferably in a controlled area. (No matter how experienced you may be, ride extra carefully on any motorcycle that is new or unfamiliar to you.) Remember that

Output: more than half of all crashes occur on motorcycles ridden by riders with less than six months experience.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: As a rider, you can’t be sure that others will see you or yield the right way. To reduce the chances of a crash:

Output: • Be visible. Wear proper clothing, use your headlight, and ride in the best lane position to see and be seen. • Communicate your intentions. Use the proper signals, brake light, and lane position. • Maintain an adequate space cushion. Allow yourself enough space when following, being followed, lane sharing, passing, and being passed. • Scan yourpath of travel. Look at least 10 to 15 seconds ahead. • Identify and separate multiple hazards. • Be prepared to act. Remain alert and know how to carry out proper crash-avoidance skills.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Body Position To control a motorcycle well:

Output: Posture—Sit so you can use your arms to steer themotorcyclerather than to hold yourself up. • Seat—Sit far enough forward so your arms are slightly bent when holding the handlegrips. Bending your arms permits you to press on the handlebars without having to stretch. • Hands—Hold the handlegrips firmly. Start with your right wrist flat so you won’t accidentally use too much throttle. Also, adjust the handlebars so your hands are even with or below your elbows. This allows you to use the proper muscles for precision steering. • Knees—Keep your knees against the gas tank to help with your balance as you turn the motorcycle. • Feet—Keep your feet firmly on the footpegs for balance. Don’t drag your feet or you could be injured and lose control of the motorcycle. Keep your feet near the controls. Also, don’t point your toes downward—they may get caught between the road and the footpegs.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Shift down through thegears with the...

Output: clutch as you slow or stop.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Remain in first gear while stopped so...

Output: you can move out quickly if needed.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Ride slowly enough when you shift into a lower gear or

Output: the motorcycle will lurch and the rear wheel may skid.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: When riding downhill or shifting into first gear you may need...

Output: to slow to downshift safely. Work toward a smooth, even clutch release especially when downshifting.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: It is best to change gearsbefore starting a turn. However, sometimes you may need to shift while in the turn. Remember...

Output: to shift smoothly because a sudden change in power to the rear wheel can cause a skid.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Your motorcycle has two brakes:

Output: one each for the front and rearwheel.Use both brakes at the same time. The front brake is more powerful and can provide at least three-quarters of your total stopping power. The front brake is safe to use when you use it properly.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Braking REMEMBER:

Output: Use both brakes every time you slow or stop. Using both brakes for “normal” stops permits you to develop the proper habit and skill of using both brakes properly, which you may need in an emergency. Squeeze the front brake and press down on the rear brake. Grabbing at the front brake or jamming down on the rear brake can cause the brakes to lock and result in control problems. • If you know the technique, using both brakes in a turn is possible, although it should be done very carefully. When you lean the motorcycle, some of the traction is used for cornering and less traction is available for stopping. A skid can occur if you apply too much brake. Also, using the front brake incorrectly on a slippery surface may be hazardous. Use caution and squeeze the brake lever, never “grab” it. • Some motorcycles have integrated braking systems that link the front and rear brakes together when you apply the rear brake pedal. (Consult your owner’s manual.)

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Turning Riders often try to take curves or turns too fast. When they can’t hold the turn, they end up crossing into another lane of traffic or going off the road. Or, they overreact and brake too hard causing a skid and loss of control. Approach turns and curves with caution. Use four steps for better control:

Output: 1. Slow—Reduce your speed before the turn by closing the throttle and, if necessary, applying both brakes. 2. Look—Look through the turn to where you want to go. Turn only your head, not your shoulders, and keep your eyes level with the horizon. 3. Press—To turn, the motorcycle must lean. To lean the motorcycle, press on the handlegrip in the direction of the turn. Press left—lean left—go left. Press right—lean right—go right. Higher speeds and/or tighter turns require the motorcycle to lean more. - 12 4. Roll—Roll on the throttle through the turn to stabilize suspension. Maintain steady speed or accelerate gradually through the turn. This will help keep the motorcycle stable. In normal turns, the rider and the motorcycle should lean together at the same angle. In slow tight turns, the rider should keep his/her body straight and only lean the motorcycle.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: The best protection you can have is distance—a “cushion of space”—all around your motorcycle. If someone else makes a mistake, distance gives you:

Output: • Time to react. • Space to maneuver.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Lane Positions In some ways the size of the motorcycle can work to your advantage. Each traffic lane gives a motorcycle three paths of travel, as indicated in the illustration. Your lane position should:

Output: • Increase your ability to see and be seen. Graphic of motorcycle lane positions. • Avoid others’ blind spots. • Protect your lane from other drivers. • Communicate your intentions. • Help you avoid wind blasts from other vehicles. • Provide an escape route.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Select the appropriate lane position to maximize your space cushion and make yourself more visible to others on the road.

Output: position” for riders in which to be seen and to maintain a space cushion around the motorcycle. Position yourself in the lane that allows the most visibility and space around you. Change your lane position as traffic situations change. Ride in paths 2 or 3 if vehicles and other potential problems are on your left side. If vehicles are on both sides of you, the center of the lane (path 2) is usually the best option.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: The oily strip in the center portion of the lane is usually no more

Output: than two feet wide. Unless the road is wet, the average oily center strip permits adequate traction on which to ride safely. You can ride just to the left or right of the oily strip and still be within the center portion of the traffic lane. Avoid riding on oil and grease buildups which are usually found at busy intersections or toll booths. Try to travel in the most heavily traveled portion of the traffic lane (path 1 or 3) where other vehicles tires have traveled.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Shifting Gears There is more to shifting gears than simply getting the motorcycle to pick up speed smoothly. Learning to use the gears when downshifting, turning, or starting on hills is important for safe motorcycle operation. Shift down through thegears

Output: with the clutch as you slow or stop.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Remain in first gear while stoppedCars Alongside Do not ride next to passenger vehicles or trucks in other lanes if you don’t have to because

Output: so you can move out quickly if needed.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: When riding downhill or shift- 11 ing into first gear

Output: you may need to slow to downshift safely.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Work toward a smooth, even clutch release especially when

Output: downshifting.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: It is best to change gears before

Output: starting a turn.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: sometimes you may need to shift while

Output: in the turn.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Merging Cars Drivers on an entrance ramp may not see you on the highway. Give them plenty of room. Change to another lane if one is open. If there is no room for a lane change,

Output: adjust your speed to open up space for the merging driver.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: search, evaluate, anD execute (see) Experienced riders remain aware of what is going on around them. They improve their riding strategy by using SEE,

Output: a three-step process for making appropriate judgments and applying them correctly in different traffic situations. SEE stands for: Search, Evaluate, and Execute.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Cars Alongside Do not ride next to passenger vehicles or trucks in other lanes if you don’t have to because

Output: you might be in the driver’s blind spot. The driver could change lanes without warning. Also, vehicles in the next lane can block your escape if you come upon danger in your own lane. Speed up or drop back to find a place clear of traffic on both sides.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Actively search ahead, to the sides, and behind to help you avoid potential hazards. How you search and how much time and space you have, can eliminate or reduce harm. Focus even more on

Output: finding potential escape routes in or around intersections, shopping areas, or school and construction zones.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Evaluate (SEE)

Output: Think about how hazards can create risks for you. Anticipate potential problems and have a plan to reduce risks. • Road and surface characteristics such as potholes, guardrails, bridges, telephone poles and trees won’t move into your path but may influence your riding strategy. • Traffic control devices such as traffic signals, regulatory signs, warning signs, and pavement markings will help you evaluate circumstances ahead. • Vehicles and other traffic may move into your path and increase the likelihood of a crash. Think about your time and space requirements in order to maintain a margin of safety. You must leave yourself time to react if an emergency arises.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Execute (SEE)

Output: Carry out your decision. To create more space and minimize harm from any hazard: • Communicate your presence with lights and/or your horn. • Adjust your speed by accelerating, stopping, or slowing. • Adjust your lane position and/ or direction of travel.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Search (SEE)

Output: Actively search ahead, to the sides, and behind to help you avoid potential hazards. How you search and how much time and space you have, can eliminate or reduce harm. Focus even more on finding potential escape routes in or around intersections, shopping areas, or school and construction zones. Search for factors such as: • Oncoming traffic that may turn left in front of you. • Traffic coming from either the left, right, or behind. • Hazardous road conditions.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Apply the old saying “one step at a time” to handle two or more hazards.

Output: Adjust your speed so you can deal with each hazard separately. Then deal with them one at a time as single hazards. Decision-making becomes more complex with three or more hazards. Weigh the consequences of each and give equal distance to the hazards.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: In high-risk areas, such as intersections, shopping areas, or school and construction zones, cover

Output: cover the clutch and both brakes to reduce your reaction time.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: The greatest potential for conflict between you and other traffic is

Output: at intersections. An intersection is anywhere traffic may cross your path. It can be in the middle of an urban area or at a driveway on a residential street.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Over one-half of motorcycle/ passenger vehicle crashes are caused

Output: by drivers entering a rider’s right-of way.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Vehicles that turn left in front of you, including those illegally turning left from the wrong lane, and cars on streets that pull into your lane, are

Output: the biggest dangers. Your use of SEE at intersections is critical.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: There are no guarantees that others will see you. Never count on “eye contact” as

Output: a sign that a driver will yield to you. Too often, a driver can look right at a motorcyclist and still fail to “see” him/her. The only eyes thatyou can count on are your own.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: If a vehicle can enter your path,

Output: assume that it will. Good riders are always “looking for trouble”—not to get into it, but to stay out of it.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Increase your chances of being seen at intersections...

Output: Ride with your headlight on in a lane position that provides you with the best view of oncoming traffic. Maintain a space cushion around your motorcycle that permits you to take evasive action.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: As you approach an intersection, select a lane position that increases your visibility to the driver. Cover the clutch and both brakes

Output: to reduce reaction time.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Reduce your speed as you approach an intersection. After entering the intersection, move away from vehicles preparing to turn. Do not

Output: change speed or position radically. The driver might think that you are preparing to turn.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Blind Intersections When you approach a blind intersection,

Output: move to the portion of the lane that brings you into another driver’s field of vision at the earliestpossible moment.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Passing Parked Cars When passing parked cars,

Output: tay toward the left portion of your lane. This way, you can avoid problems caused by doors opening, drivers getting out of cars, or people stepping from between cars.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: If oncoming traffic is present, it is usually best to

Output: remain in the center portion of the lane to maximize your space cushion.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Parking at the Roadside Park at a...

Output: 90° angle to the curb with the rear wheel touching the curb.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: A bigger problem can occur if a driver pulls away from the curb without checking for traffic behind...

Output: Even if the driver looks, he/she may fail to see you. In either event, the driver might enter your path. Slow down or change lanes to make room for someone to enter.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Vehicles making a sudden U-turn are the most dangerous. They may cut you off entirely, blocking the whole roadway and leaving you with

Output: with no place to go. Since you can’t tell what a driver will do, slow down and get the driver’s attention. Sound your horn and continue with caution. Parking at the Roadside Park at a 90° angle to the curb with the rear wheel touching the curb. Graphic of parked motorcycle pulling in front moving car. Graphic of parked motorcycle pulling in front moving car.Graphic of parked motorcycle pulling in front moving car.Graphic of parked motorcycle pulling in front moving car.Graphic of parked motorcycle pulling in front moving car.Graphic of parked motorcycle pulling in front moving car. [Graphic of parked motorcycle pulling in front moving car.]

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Clothing Most crashes occur in broad daylight. Wear brightly-colored clothing to increase your chances of being seen.

Output: Remember, your body is half of the visible surface area of the rider/motorcycle unit.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Bright orange, red, yellow, or green jackets or vests are

Output: the best for being seen. Brightly colored helmets can also help others see you.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Reflective material on a vest and on the sides of the helmet will help drivers

Output: see you from the side. Reflective material can also be a big help for drivers coming toward you or from behind.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: The best way to help others see your motorcycle is

Output: to always keep the headlight on. Studies show that during the day, a motorcycle with its light on is twice as likely to be noticed.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Using your high beam during the day and at night

Output: increases the chances that oncoming drivers will see you

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Use your high beam if it is legal and safe to do so. When it is foggy,

Output: use the low beam.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Turn Signals The turn signals on a motorcycle are similar to those on a car. They tell others what you plan to do. However, due to a rider’s added vulnerability, turn signals are even Graphic of hand signals from a vehicle driver. Graphic of hand signals from a vehicle driver.Graphic of hand signals from a vehicle driver.Graphic of hand signals from a vehicle driver.Graphic of hand signals from a vehicle driver. SLOW or STOP more important. Use them anytime you plan to change lanes or turn. Signal your left or right turn during the last 100 feet before reaching the turning point. At highway speeds, it is best to signal at least five seconds before changing lanes. Useyour turn signals even when you think no one else is around. Your turn signals also make you easier to see. If bright sunlight makes your turn signal lights hard to see...

Output: use hand signals.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Turn signals When you enter a freeway, drivers approaching from behind are more likely to see...

Output: your turn signal blinking and make room for you.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Using your turn signals before each turn reduces

Output: confusion and frustration for the traffic around you.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Once you turn, be sure to turn them off or a driver may pull directly into your path,

Output: thinking you plan to turn again.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: If the situation permits, help others notice you by flashing your brake light before you slow down. It is especially important to flash your brake light before you slow:

Output: • For a tight, fast turn off a high-speed highway. • Where others may not expect it (in the middle of a block or at an alley). If you are being tailgated, it’s a good idea to flash your brake light before you slow.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Using Your Mirrors While it’s most important to know what’s happening ahead, you can’t ignore situations behind you. Traffic conditions change quickly. In order to make safe decisions about how to handle trouble ahead, you

Output: must know what is going on behind you.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Frequent mirror checks should be part of your normal searching routine. Make a special point of using your mirrors:

Output: When you are stopped at an intersection. Watch cars coming up from behind. If the driver isn’t paying attention, he could be on top of you before he sees you. • Before you change lanes. Make sure no one is about to pass you . • Before you slow down. The driver behind you may not expect you to slow, or may be unsure about where you will slow. For example, you signal a turn and the driver thinks you plan to turn at a distant intersection, rather than at a nearer driveway.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Some motorcycles have rounded (convex) mirrors. These mirrors provide a wider view of the road behind than flat mirrors. They also make cars seem farther away than they really are. If you are not used to convex mirrors, you can get familiar with them by:

Output: • Picking out a parked car in your mirror (while you are stopped). • Forming a mental image of how far away it is. • Then, turning around and looking to see how close you came. • Practicing with your mirrors until you become a good judge of distance. • Allowing extra distance before you change lanes.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Three factors play a major part in determining BAC:

Output: • The amount of alcohol you consume. • How fast you drink. • Your body weight.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: BAC

Output: Blood alcohol concentration

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Head Checks Checking your mirrors is not enough. Motorcycles have “blind spots” just like other vehicles. Before you change lanes,

Output: turn your head and check that lane for other vehicles.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: On a road with several lanes, check the far lane and the one next to you. A driver in the distant lane may

Output: drive into the same space you plan to take.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Frequent head checks should be part of your normal scanning routine. Only by knowing what is happening all around,

Output: can you be fully prepared to deal with it

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: of motorcycle blind spots. Horn Be ready to use your horn to get someone’s attention quickly. It is a good idea to give a quick beep before passing anyone that may move into your lane. Here are some situations:

Output: • A driver in the lane next to you is driving too closely to the vehicle ahead and may want to pass. • A driver is seated in a parked car ahead. • Someone is in the street riding a bicycle or walking. In an emergency, press the horn button loud and long. Be ready to stop or swerve away from the danger. Remember that a motorcycle’s horn isn’t as loud as a car’s, so use it, but don’t rely on it. Other strategies may be appropriate along with the horn.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Riding at Night At night it is harder for you to see and be seen. Picking your motorcycle’s headlight or taillight out of the other lights is not easy for drivers. To make up for this, you should:

Output: • Reduce Your Speed. Ride even slower than you would during the day—particularly on roads you don’t know well. This increases your chances of avoiding a hazard. • Increase Distance . Distances are harder to judge at night than during the day. Your eyes rely upon shadows and light contraststo determine how far away an object is and how fast it is coming. These contrasts are missing or distorted at night. Open up a three-second or more following distance. Allow more distance to pass and be passed. • Use the Car Ahead. The headlights of the car ahead can give you a better view of the road than your high beam. Taillights bouncing up and down can alert you to bumps or rough pavement. • Use Your High Beam. Get all the light you can. Use your high beam whenever you are not following or approaching another vehicle. Be visible. Wear reflective materials when riding at night. • Be Flexible about lane position. Change to the portion of the lane that helps you see, be seen, and keep an adequate space cushion.

DMV Motorcycle Test Flashcards - Cram.com

• Starter • Kill switch • Clutch • Throttle • Gear selector • Dimmer switch • Brakes • Turn signals • Horn


Input: Narcolepsy

Output: __________ is a sleep disorder characterized by daytime sleep attacks in which the person goes to sleep at any place or at any time.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: ADHD, and narcolepsy

Output: Two disorders treated with CNS stimulants are ___________ and ___________.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: ADHD

Output: __________ is the most common psychiatric or neurobehavioral disorder in children.


Input: Learning disabilities

Output: Studies indicate that children with ADHD are more likely to have ________ _________ mood disorders and substance abuse disorders as adolescents and adults.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: Xanthines

Output: Stimulate the cerebral cortex increasing metal alertness and decreasing drowsiness and fatigue.


Input: Amphetamines and methylphenidate

Output: Used in the treatment of narcolepsy and ADHD.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: Amphetamine, dextroaphetamine (Dexedrine), and methamphetamine (desoxyn)

Output: Closely related to drugs that share characteristics of the amphetamines as a group.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: Caffeine Bring on the java!!!

Output: Frequently consumed CNS stimulant worldwide, mostly obtained from dietary sources (ex. coffee, tea, and soft drinks). Especially consumed in large quantities by nursing students who stay up all night studying.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: Atomoxetine (strattera)

Output: Second line drug for the treatment of ADHD in children and adults with a low risk for abuse and dependence compared with the other drugs used for ADHD.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: ADHD is the most common psychiatric or neurobehavioral disorder in children. It is usually diagnosed between 3 and 7 yrs of age and may affect as many as 6 to 7 % of school aged children. It is characterized by persistent hyperactivity, short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or school work restlessness, and impulsiveness. Such behaviors make it difficult for the child to get along with others and to function in situations requiring controlled behavior.

Output: Discuss the psychosocial characteristics of ADHD.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by daytime sleep attacks in which the person goes to sleep at any place or at any time. Signs and symptoms also include excessive daytime drowsiness, fatigue, muscle weakness and hallucinations at onset of sleep, and disturbances of nighttime sleep patterns.

Output: Describe the signs and symptoms of narcolepsy.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: In addition to drug therapy prevention of sleep deprivation regular sleeping and waking time avoiding shift work, and short naps may be helpful in reducing daytime sleepiness.

Output: In addition to drug treatments what might be done to treat narcolepsy?

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: CNS stimulants act by facilitating initiation and transmission of nerve impulses that excite other cells. The drugs are somewhat selective in their actions at lower doses but tend to involve the entire CNS at higher doses. In behavior and interpersonal relationships.

Output: Describe the characteristics of CNS stimulants.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: Amphetamines increase the amounts of norepinephrine doamine,and possibly aerotonin in the brain there by producing mood elevation or euphoria increasing metal alertness and capacity for work, decreasing fatigue and drowsiness and prolonging wakefulness.

Output: How do amphetamines affect brain function?

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: a. Rationale: All of the CNS stimulants including caffeine can cause life threatening health problems with excessive intake.

Output: Joseph Bean a college student present to the emergency room with palpitations and signs and symptoms of CNS stimulation. He states that he has been awake for 72hrs studying and keeps awake using power drinks and caffeine. Which of the following statements indicate that this education plan has been effective? a. Caffeine can cause life threatening health problems with excessive intake. b. Energy drinks do not contain caffeine; if the are not combined with excessive caffeine intake the will not cause adverse side effects. c. Caffeine did not cause my symptoms. I have the flu. d. Caffeine is not an ingredient of energy drinks

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: b,d Rationale: Narcolepsy is characterized by day time drowsiness and unpredictable sleep attacks.

Output: Which of the following are the characteristics of symptoms of narcolepsy? (select all that apply) a. Difficult to rouse in the morning. b. Unpredictable sleep during daytime hours. c. Transient insomnia d. Daytime drowsiness.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: c Rationale: CNS stimulants improve behavior and attention in patients with ADHD.

Output: Which of the following effects do CNS stimulants have on behavior and attention in patients with ADHD? a. Restoring b. Deteriorationg c. Improving d. Contravening

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: d. Rationale: ADHD usually starts in childhood and may persist through adulthood.

Output: When does ADHD usually start and resolve? a. Starts in childhood and resolves by adolescence. b. Starts in childhood and resolves by adulthood c. Starts in childhood and resolves before adolescence. d. Starts in childhood and may persist through adulthood.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: a,c,d Rationale: ADHD is characterized by hyperactivity impulsivity and a short attention span.

Output: ADHD is characterized by which of the following? (select all that apply) a. Hyperactivity b. Improved retention c. Impulsivity d. Short attention span.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: b. Rationale: Older adults are likely to experience anxiety confusion, insomnia, and nervousness from excessive CNS stimulation. In addition older adults often have cardiovascular disorders that may be aggravated by the cardiac stimulating effects of the drugs including dietary caffeine. In general reduced doses are safer in older adults.

Output: Mr. Adams age 75 is given an order fro a CNS stimulant secondary to a new diagnosis of narcolepsy. He begins to experience signs and symptoms of excessive CNS stimulation. He is likely to also experience an exacerbation of which of the preexisting conditions. a. diabetes b. cardiac dysrhythmias c. gout d. hyperparthyroidism

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: b. Rationale: A drug holiday is recommended at least annually to evaluate the child's treatment regimen. Dosage adjustments are usually needed as the child grows and hepatic metabolism slows. Also drug holidays decrease weight loss and growth suppression.

Output: Which of the following may affect medication dosage adjustment for the child with ADHD as he or she matures? a. onset of puberty b. change in hepatic metabolism c. brain growth d. Musculoskeletal growth

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: d Rationale: Methylphenidate is commonly prescribed and is usually given daily for the first 3 to 4 weeks of treatment to allow caregivers to asses beneficial and adverse effects.

Output: Methylphenidate is commonly prescribed and usually given daily for the first 3 to 4 weeks for which of the following purposes? a. To determine parent and child compliance. b. To determine medication blood levels in order to modify the dose. c. To assess the education plan and modify the plan to meet the clients needs. d. To assess beneficial and adverse effects.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: b,d,e Rationale: Drug therapy is indicated when symptoms are moderate to severe; are present for several months; and interfere in social academic or behavioral functioning.

Output: Drug therapy is indicated in which of the following circumstances (select all that apply) a. Symptoms are mild to moderate. b. Symptoms are moderate to severe c. Symptoms are identified by the parents and teacher. d. Symptoms are present for several months e. Symptoms interfere in social academic or behavioral functioning.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: b,d Rationale: Treatment is largely symptomatic and supportive. In General place the client in a cool room, monitor cardiac function and body temperature and minimize external stimulation. Activated charcoal 1g/kg of body weight may be given.

Output: Mrs. Gaines arrives at the ER with signs and symptoms of CNS stimulant toxicity. Treatment includes which of the following? (Select all that apply) a. Monitor for musculoskeletal changes. b. Monitor cardiac function. c. Increase sensory stimulation. d. Minimize external stimulation.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: a. Rationale: Caffeine is well absorbed from the GI tract and reaches a peak blood level within 30 to 45 mins after oral ingestion. It easily crosses the blood brain barrier and have a half life of 3.5 to 5hrs. It is extensively metabolized mainly in the liver and excreted mainly in urine.

Output: After caffeine is ingested orally, it achieve peak blood level within what period of time? a. 30 to 45 mins b. 45 to 60mins c. 10 to 15mins d. 15 to 20mins.

PSY 201 Pharm CH 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

____________ is characterized by persistent hyperactivity a short attention span, difficulty completing assigned tasks or schoolwork, restlessness and impulsiveness.


Input: What often causes the redness and heat associated with inflammation?

Output: vasodilation(increased blood flow to the site of injury)

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: Why is edema often experienced with inflammation?

Output: vessell has increased permeability causing exudate

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: What does histamine do?

Output: causes dialation of arterioles and increased permiability of venules

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: How is histamine released?

Output: mast cell degranulation releases histamine

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: What causes mast cell degranulation?

Output: injury, anaphylotoxins, chemokines, substance P

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: What is Lewis' Triple Response?

Output: Flush: capillary dilatation (vasodilation) Flare: arteriolar dilatation (vasodilation) Weal: exudation, edema (Increased capillary permeability)

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: Where is nitric oxide produced?

Output: endothelial cells, neurons, phagocytes

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: What is chemotaxis?

Output: Leukocytes follow towards the site of injury in the tissue along a chemical gradient of chemo-attractants

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: What is transudate?

Output: result of hydrostatic or osmotic imbalance ultrafiltrate of plasma Low protein content

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: What is exudate?

Output: result of inflammation vascular permeability high protein content

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: Describe serous inflammation

Output: Marked by thin fluid derived from the plasma or from the secretions of mesothelial cells lining the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. Skin blister resulting from a burn or viral infection is one such example.

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: Describe fibrinous inflammation

Output: A consequence of greater increase in vascular permeability allowing molecules like fibrinogen to pass through. Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin in the extracellular space and deposited

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: Where is fibrinous exudate often found?

Output: lining of body cavities, such as the meninges, pericardium and pleura

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: Descrive suppurative/purulent inflammation

Output: characterized by the production of copious amounts of pus or purulent exudate consisting of neutrophils, liquefactive necrosis, and edema fluid

Week 6 Acute Inlammation PLFSOM Flashcards - Cram.com

Rubor (redness) Calor (heat) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio lasea (loss of function)


Input: where are preganglionic cell bodies located?

Output: lateral horn of the spinal cord from T1 through L2

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: visceral splanchnic nerves end up where?

Output: celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: The vagus nerve innervates?

Output: PNS innervation to the entire GI tract from mouth to mid transverse colon....s2-4 does left half of transverse colon

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: parasympathetic sacral nerve fibers arise s2-s4 and exit ____ to join the ____

Output: as pelvic splanchnic nerves and then join the inferior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexi...

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: where are the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes come from

Output: t1 to L2

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: chapman's points for esophagus

Output: medial 2nd intercostal spaces t2 transverse processes

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: CP for stomach acidity

Output: left medial 5th intercostal space left 5th transverse process

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: CP for pancreas

Output: right medial 7th intercostal space right t7 transverse process

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: CP for liver

Output: right 5th and 6th intercostal spaces right t5 and t6 transverse processes

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: gall bladder chapmans points

Output: right medial 6th intercostal space right T6 transverse process

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: small intestine CP

Output: medial 8th - 10th intercostal space T8-10 transverse processes

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: Colon CP

Output: anterior iliotibial bands l2-l4 transverse processes

arise from upper cervicals along the head of the ribs and terminate at the ganglion impar


Input: lateral horn of the spinal cord from T1 through L2

Output: where are preganglionic cell bodies located?

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia

Output: visceral splanchnic nerves end up where?

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: PNS innervation to the entire GI tract from mouth to mid transverse colon....s2-4 does left half of transverse colon

Output: The vagus nerve innervates?

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: as pelvic splanchnic nerves and then join the inferior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexi...

Output: parasympathetic sacral nerve fibers arise s2-s4 and exit ____ to join the ____

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: t1 to L2

Output: where are the sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes come from

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: medial 2nd intercostal spaces t2 transverse processes

Output: chapman's points for esophagus

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: left medial 5th intercostal space left 5th transverse process

Output: CP for stomach acidity

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: right medial 7th intercostal space right t7 transverse process

Output: CP for pancreas

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: right 5th and 6th intercostal spaces right t5 and t6 transverse processes

Output: CP for liver

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: right medial 6th intercostal space right T6 transverse process

Output: gall bladder chapmans points

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: medial 8th - 10th intercostal space T8-10 transverse processes

Output: small intestine CP

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: anterior iliotibial bands l2-l4 transverse processes

Output: Colon CP

the sympathetic trunks go from what to what


Input: [1] Medicare [2]

Output: a federal health care system for the elderly and the disabled


Input: [1] Medicaid [2]

Output: a joint federal-state program that pays for health care for poor families, the neediest elderly, and disabled persons


Input: [1] Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) [2]

Output: an organization that provides comprehensive medical care to a voluntarily enrolled consumer population in returnfor a fixed, prepaid amount of money


Input: [1] Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) [2]

Output: a group of physicians who contract to provide comprehensive medical services at a price discount


Input: [1] Is health care a scarce good? [2]

Output: Yes: at a zero price,more people want health care than there is health care available


Input: [1] What does 'repealing the laws of economics' in the case of health care mean? [2]

Output: that the demand and supply of healthcare do not determine the price or quantity and that it is not just those who are willing and able to pay who get the care


Input: [2] Relating to the head, neck and truck, the axis of the body. [1]

Output: AXIAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Relating to the limbs, and their attachements to the axis [1]

Output: APPENDICULAR

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the anterior body truck region, inferior to the ribs Anterior/Ventral [1]

Output: ABDOMINAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the point of the shoulder Anterior/Ventral and Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: ACROMIAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the forearm Anterior/Ventral and Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: ANTEBRACHIAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow Anterior/Ventral [1]

Output: ANTECUBITAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the armpit Anterior/Ventral [1]

Output: AXILLARY

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the arm Anterior/Ventral and Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: BRACHIAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the cheek Anterior/Ventral [1]

Output: BUCCAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the wrist Anterior/Ventral [1]

Output: CARPAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the head Anterior/Ventral and Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: CEPHALIC

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the neck region Anterior/Ventral and Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: CERVICAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the hip Anterior/Ventral [1]

Output: COXAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the leg anterior/ventral [1]

Output: CRURAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the fingers or toes anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal [1]

Output: DIGITAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the thigh anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal [1]

Output: FEMORAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the side of the leg anterior/ventral and posterior/ventral [1]

Output: FIBULAR (PERONEAL)

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the head anterior/ventral [1]

Output: FRONTAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the great toe anterior/ventral [1]

Output: HALLUX

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the groin anterior/ventral [1]

Output: INGUINAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the breast anterior/ventral [1]

Output: MAMMARY

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the hand anterior/ventral [1]

Output: MANUS

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the chin anterior/ventral [1]

Output: MENTAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the nose anterior/ventral [1]

Output: NASAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the mouth anterior/ventral [1]

Output: ORAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the bone eye socket anterior/ventral [1]

Output: ORBITAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the palm of the hand anterior/ventral [1]

Output: PALMAR

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the anterior of the knee (kneecap) region anterior/ventral [1]

Output: PATELLAR

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the foot anterior/ventral [1]

Output: PEDAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the pelvis region anterior/ventral [1]

Output: PELVIC

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the thumb anterior/ventral [1]

Output: POLLEX

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the genital region anterior/ventral [1]

Output: PUBIC

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the region of the breastbone anterior/ventral [1]

Output: STERNAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the ankle anterior/ventral [1]

Output: TARSAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the chest anterior/ventral [1]

Output: THORACIC

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the navel anterior/ventral [1]

Output: UMBILICAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the heal of the foot Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: CALCANEAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the back Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: DORSUM

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the buttocks Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: GLUTEAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the area of the back between the ribs and hips, the loin Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: LUMBAR

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the posterior aspect of the head, or base of the skull Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: OCCIPITAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the posterior aspect of the elbow Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: OLECRANAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the ear Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: OTIC

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the region between the anus and external genitalia Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: PERINEAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the sole of the feet Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: PLANTAR

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the back of the knee Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: POPLITEAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the region between the hips (V of but cheeks) Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: SACRAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the scapula, or shoulderblade area Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: SCAPULAR

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the calf, or posterior surface of the leg Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: SURAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pertaining to the spinal column Posterior/Dorsal [1]

Output: VERTEBRAL

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Above/Below refer to placement along the axis of the body, superior is always above other structurs, and inferior is always below. the nose is superior to the mouth. [1]

Output: Superior/Inferior

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Front/Back in humans most structures are anterior, or the most forward. Features such as the spine are posterior the spine is posterior to the heart [1]

Output: Anterior/Posterior

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Toward the midline/away from the midline the sternum is medial to the ribs, the ear is lateral to the nose [1]

Output: Medial/Lateral

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] towards the head/toward the tail (*in humans, interchangeable with superior, inferior) in animals synonumous with posterior (caudal) and anterior (cephalad) [1]

Output: Cephalad (cranial) / caudal

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] backside/bellyside (*in humans, interchangeable with anterior and posterior) in animal synonymous with superior (dorsal) and inferior (ventral) [1]

Output: dorsal/ventral

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] nearer the trunk/further from trunk or point of attachment [1]

Output: proximal/distal

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] toward/away from body surface [1]

Output: superficial (external)/deep (internal)

BIO 143 - ex 1 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Settlor

Output: Two functions – transferor of property, and forms agreement to create the trust

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Trustee

Output: holds legal title to the property but owes a fiduciary duty to the beneficiary to carry out the instruction of the trustor, there can be multiple trustees

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Beneficiaries

Output: can be more than one, the interest is an equitable one.

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Res

Output: the property transferred to the trust.

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Trust Agreement

Output: – sets forth the terms of the trust that will govern its administration

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Inter Vivos Trust

Output: one set up during settlor’s lifetime

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Testamentary trust

Output: established under settlor’s will at time of death

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Irrevocability

Output: h. Trust can be revocable or irrevocable (will be irrevocable if not stated).

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Constructive Trust

Output: may be created by court when person holds prop but received it unconscionably

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Residuary Trust

Output: failure of express trust. Like where S creates a life estate but does not name who it should go to after death

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Creation of Trust: Elements

Output: Intent, Trust Property, Beneficiaries Trustee, legal purpose, documentation a. Intent to create a trust b. Trust Property – must have trust res existing at time trust established. Exceptions for insurance trusts, or revocable trust as Will beneficiary Intent – must have intent c. Beneficiaries i. Must be ascertainable (“friends” is too vague) OR ii. Charitable purpose iii. Stat. exemption – pet trusts may be set up but pet must be vertebrate d. Trustee e. Purpose – must be legal f. Documentation i. May be oral – but not if it would violate SoF ii. Secret/semi-secret trusts – secret trusts can be enforced, semi-secret ones cannot

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Rights of beneficiaries

Output: Trustee's duty may be mandatory or discretionary depending on trust agreement

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Spendthrift Trusts

Output: i. Statutory spendthrift – all trusts are spendthrift. Protected from involuntary alienation (attachment by creditors). Except for child support, or for those providing necessities ii. Express spendthrift – can protect from involuntary and voluntary (assignment by beneficiary to 3rd party) assignments iii. Exceptions – Self-settled trusts (trusts set up by a grantor for himself) cannot be spendthrift iv. Spendthrift only protects while in trust, once out, creditors may go after. Creditors may not require the trustee to exercise discretion with management of the trust.

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Modification/Termination of Trust: If Settlor available

Output: i. By settlor if revocable ii. By consent of settlor and beneficiaries, or if power to revoke/modify omitted by mistake

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Modification/Termination of Trust: If Settlor unavailable

Output: 1. Administrative deviation allowed 2. Distributive deviation allowed only if consent of all beneficiaries and necessary for trust purpose and Unforeseen circumstances OR if pursuant to non-judicial agreement 3. Termination – Claflin Rule - allowed if consent of all beneficiaries AND no material purpose frustrated a. Non-judicial agreement: consent of all interested parties. b. Spendthrift clauses – material purpose 4. Unborn/unascertained beneficiaries: a. Doctrine of virtual representation – may be represented by competent person with same interests OR b. Appointment of a Special representative

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Removal of Trustee

Output: only allowed for cause such as i. Serious breach of trust ii. Dishonesty iii. Lack of capacity to administer iv. Friction between trustee and beneficiaries not enough v. Hardest to remove when appointed by settlor vi. Terms of trust can specify grounds for removal or give authority to replace

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Charitable Trusts

Output: a. Charitable purpose b. Can last forever c. Does not require ascertainable beneficiaries d. Cy pres – ct. can modify charitable trust if grantor had charitable intent AND implementation as written is impractical or impossible e. Enforcement – state atty general has standing to enforce, grantor of trust has no standing

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Trust Administration: Trustee Powers

Output: extensive powers granted by statute, the trust instrument can expand or limit powers

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Trust Administration: Trustee Duties - Duty of Loyalty

Output: trustee must act solely in the best interest of the beneficiary 1. Prohibition on self-dealing – if trustee engages in this there is no further inquiry – doesn’t matter if it was fair, it is a violation. Exceptions – beneficiaries consent or ratify, grantor allows self-dealing in instrument, court gives advanced approval, statutory exceptions for corporate trustees

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Trust Administration: Trustee Duties - Duty of Care

Output: 1. Prudent investor rule – follow modern portfolio theory – look at overall portfolio 2. Duty to diversify – required except assets originally placed in trust by grantor – but trustee can’t keep these assets when it becomes imprudent to do so (like where stock is steadily losing value) 3. Duty of impartiality – underproductive property – trustee givien discretion to allocate between principal and income, unless trustee is also a beneficiary. 4. Duty to segregate and preserve property 5. Duty to delegate responsibly 6. Duty to preserve trust property 7. Duty to account and keep informed a. Significant non-routine transactions i. Duty to appraise ii. Duty to give notice b. Significant non-routine transactions include – i. Transaction affecting contributed real estate, tangible personal property, or stock that is at least 25% of the total trust assets ii. Most notify any time they are going to sell any closely held stock, or a sale of stock that will cause them to lose a controlling interest

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Future Interests: RAP

Output: a. Rule against Perpetuities (RAP) i. 150 years – if at the end of 150 years the trust is still in existence and all interests have not yet vested, then the trust will terminate and the assets distributed as determined by a courts consistent with trustor’s intent

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: [Trust: Basic Definition] Future Interests: Powers of appointment

Output: – exercisable in favor of donee, his estate, his creditors, or the creditors of his estate ii. Limited, or special – any power that is not exercisable in favor of the above four iii. By deed or will – exercisable during life or death iv. Not a fiduciary power v. If trust fails because beneficiaries are not ascertainable then it can be recharacterized as power of appointment

A trust is an arrangement for management of property, where the property is held by one person (trustee) for the benefit of another person (beneficiary)


Input: How do you create a clean field?

Output: lay out clean paper on a work surface in the treatment room. Sharps/biohazard waste containers are located in each room, but do not come in contact with the clean field.

NPLEX 2: Ontario Jurispridence: Acupuncture Flashcards - Cram.com

No, unless there is a reasonable possibility of coming into contact with body fluids.


Input: What is allowed on the clean field?

Output: sterile disposable needles, alcohol swabs and/or 70% isopropyl alcohol and cotton swabs

NPLEX 2: Ontario Jurispridence: Acupuncture Flashcards - Cram.com

No, unless there is a reasonable possibility of coming into contact with body fluids.


Input: How do you prepare a patient before acupuncture treatment?

Output: place the patient in a comfortable position, instruct patient not to move & properly drape the patient. Make sure the skin is intact, and clean the area with 70% isopropyl alcohol. Use a new swab for each region of the body.

NPLEX 2: Ontario Jurispridence: Acupuncture Flashcards - Cram.com

No, unless there is a reasonable possibility of coming into contact with body fluids.