Input: [endocrine system] atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Output: hormone released by heart prevents aldosterone release. Goal is to reduce blood volume and pressure

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] glucocorticoids

Output: produced by middle cortical layer. Includes cortisone and cortisol. promote normal cell metabolism and help body resist long-term stressors

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] androgens

Output: male sex hormones

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] estrogens

Output: female sex hormones

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] addison's disease

Output: a generalized hyposecretion of all the adrenal cortex hormones. bronze tone of skin

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] hyperaldosteronism

Output: hyperactivity o the outermost cortical area

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] cushing's syndrome

Output: when tumor is in middle cortical area. Excessive output of glucocorticoids results in moon face and the appearance of a buffalo hump of fat on upper back

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] masculinization

Output: hypersecretion of the sex hormones

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] adrenalmedulla

Output: develops from a knot of nervous tissue.

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] epinephrine

Output: also called adrenaline

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] catecholamines

Output: epinephrine and norepinephrine combined

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] panreas

Output: located close to the stomach in the abdominal cavity.

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] pancreatic islets

Output: best-hidden endocrine glands. Islets of Langerhands.

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] insulin and glucagon

Output: produced by the islet

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: [endocrine system] beta cells

Output: stimulated by high levels o glucose in the blood.

Chapter 9 Endocrine System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

second great controlling system. Coordinates and directs the activity of the body's cells. more slowly acting and uses chemical messengers


Input: When working on your computer explain how you would create a backup of your work. Why would you need to do it?

Output: When working on a computer I would back up my work to at least 3 different location which would be, 1) Main/current computer, 2) Flash drive, and 3) I would back up my work in a cloud (ex.www.dropbox.com)

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What is the different between a dock and a task bar?

Output: The task bar is for Windows, and the dock is for Mac

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: When you drag a file from a hard drive to a removable disk, happens to the file?

Output: Its make a copy of it and puts it on the removable disk

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: Explain the step of how you would find out what operating system your computer is using?

Output: Windows: Right Click on My computer Mac: From the Apple menu select About This Mac.

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: When you run into a problem on a computer how would you fix?

Output: Help on the computer Search the internet, Call tech support Etc.

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: Explain how would you search on a Mac or PC?

Output: Windows: Click on start button and type in the search bar Mac: By clicking the spotlight button in the upper right hand corner of your screen

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What does CMYK stand for?

Output: Cyan Magenta Yellow Key

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: C+Y=

Output: Green

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: Y+M=

Output: Red


Input: C+M=

Output: Blue


Input: A gradient is the ______ between two of more color?

Output: Blend

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What is another word for hue?

Output: Color

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: Name the primary colors?

Output: Red, Yellow, Blue

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: RGB is to ____ as CYMK is too ____.

Output: Screen Print

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: Wht does the Alt/option key do?

Output: Duplicates

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What does the D key do?

Output: Default

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What does the X key do?

Output: Tooggle

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What is the proper way to name a file?

Output: D.Johnson_Filename

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: In any of the Adobe program you ____ guides the same way? ____ and ____ from the ruler

Output: Create or Display, Click, Drag

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: True of False The order of the layer does not affect the image.

Output: False

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What does ai. tell you?

Output: Artificial Intelligence

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: True of False Anchor points are created using the pen tool.

Output: True

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: This type of image is created according to mathematical algorithm.

Output: Vector

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: True or False There is no resolution in Illustrator?

Output: True

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: True of False The file extension for Illustrator is Ai.

Output: True

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: To Draw a straight line you would hold down the ____ key

Output: Shift

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: To move an object in front of another object you must click the ____ in object.

Output: Arrange

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: To draw a curved line in Illustrator u must use the

Output: Pen tool

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What are 3 ways to open a file in Photoshop.

Output: Copy/Paste Export as psd File, open

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What are the 3 ways of bringing a image to illustrator?

Output: Open Copy/paste

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: When hiding a layer u must lock the layer as well?

Output: False

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: The best program to create a logo would be illustrator?

Output: True

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What color mode would you use when creating a logo?

Output: PMS color

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: Where would you find the PMS Color?

Output: Swatches, colorbook

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: The pen tool is only found in illustrator?

Output: False

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: U cannot use the swatches pallete to change color?

Output: False

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: Why do we use illustrator?

Output: Its not resolution dependent. It create vector image, It’s a drawing program, easy for drawing original art, Its scalable

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: What are some of the advantage of using illustrator?

Output: T shirt design, etc.

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: True of False Pasteboard is the area around the workspace.

Output: True

Intro to Graphic Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Windows: The font folder is located in the control panel Mac: The font folder is located in the Library folder on Macs


Input: [Market Failure] Private Costs

Output: costs that are born solely by the individuals involved in the transaction that created the costs

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: [Market Failure] Externality

Output: the cost or benefit of a transaction that is borne by someone not directly involved in the transaction

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: [Market Failure] social cost

Output: the total cost of a transaction, the private cost plus the external cost

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: [Market Failure] Coase Theorem

Output: The idea that if people can negotiate with one another at no cost over the right to perform activities that cause externalities, they will always arrive at an efficient solution

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: [Market Failure] principle of mutual exclusivity

Output: the rule that an owner of private property is entitled to enjoy the consumption of that product privately

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: [Market Failure] public good

Output: a good whose consumption by by one person does not diminish the quantity or quality available for others

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: [Market Failure] free rider

Output: a consumer or producer who enjoys the benefits of a good or service without paying for that good or service

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: [Market Failure] adverse selection

Output: the problem that occurs when higher-quality consumers or producers are driven out of the market because unobservvable qualities are misvalued

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: [Market Failure] moral hazard

Output: the problem that arises when people change their behavior from what was expected of them when they engaged in a trade or contract

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: [Market Failure] logrolling

Output: an inefficiency in the political process in which legislators support one another's projects in order to ensure support for their own

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: [Market Failure] rent seeking

Output: the use of resources simply to transfer wealth from one group to another without increasing production or total wealth

a situation in which resources are not allocated to their highest valued use


Input: Surround yourself with others who excel where you lack [Know your Client]

Output: Know your Strengths/Weaknesses

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Internships Associations - ISES Students Memberships Research the area On-site reviews [Know your Client]

Output: Know your environment

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Staff Client Vendors [Know your Client]

Output: Create a Team Approach

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Document your progress/conversations (our software) Coordination Timelines Production Schedules [Know your Client]

Output: Communicate Clearly

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: For the expected and the unexpected [Know your Client]

Output: Be prepared

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Create the vision Think outside the box Be open to other views [Know your Client]

Output: Be creative

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Develop people skills Develop Leadership Skills [Know your Client]

Output: Be Assertive - not Aggressive

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Ownership of the project "The Buck Stops Here" Attitude Share the Glory! [Know your Client]

Output: Be the Project Manager

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] salivary glands

Output: three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: parotid, submandibular (submaxillary) and the sublingual glands

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] cheeks

Output: lateral walls of the mouth

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] lips

Output: fleshy structures surrounding the mouth

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] palate

Output: structure that forms the roof of the mouth; divided into soft and hard palate

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] uvula

Output: small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] tongue

Output: muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and secured by band-like membrane known as the frenulum

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] gums

Output: tissue covering the processes of the jaws

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] teeth

Output: hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating (chewing) food

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] pharynx

Output: throat; passageway for food traveling to esophagus and for air traveling to larynx

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] esophagus

Output: muscular tube that moves food from pharynx to stomach

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] stomach

Output: sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] cardiac sphincter

Output: opening from esophagus to the stomach

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] pyloric sphincter

Output: opening from the stomach to the duodenum

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] small intestine

Output: smaller tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] duodenum

Output: first portion of the small intestine

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] jejunum

Output: second portion of the small intestine

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] ileum

Output: third portion of the small intestine

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] large intestine

Output: larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] cecum

Output: first part of the large intestine

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] vermiform appendix

Output: worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function; may help to resist infection

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] colon

Output: portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] ascending colon

Output: portion of the colon that extends upward from the cecum

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] transverse colon

Output: portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending cecum

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] descending colon

Output: portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] sigmoid colon

Output: portion of the colon (resembling an "S" in shape) that terminates at the rectum

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] rectum

Output: distal (end) portion of the large intestine

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] rectal ampulla

Output: dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] anus

Output: opening of the rectum to the outside of the body

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] feces

Output: waste formed by the absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] defecation

Output: evacuation of feces from the rectum

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] peritoneum

Output: membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity and consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and the visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen)

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] peritoneal cavity

Output: space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] omentum

Output: extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] liver

Output: organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] gallbladder

Output: receptacle that stores and concentrates the biles produced in the liver

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] pancreas

Output: gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] biliary ducts

Output: ducts that convey bile; include the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] hypochondriac regions

Output: upper lateral regions beneath the ribs

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] epigastric region

Output: upper middle region below the sternum

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] lumbar regions

Output: middle lateral regions

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] umbilical region

Output: region of the navel

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] inguinal regions

Output: lower lateral groin regions

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [oral cavity] hypogastric region

Output: region below the navel

Medical terminology- Ch 12 ab/GI anatomical terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Describe what it is and s/s (See Iggy page 638-9)

Output: Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder. It involves a autoimmune response in which T-lymphocytes increase and cause damging action to lung tissue. s/s include dysnea and dry cough

Respiratory - NCLEX Flashcards - Cram.com

Fungal infection s/s include: Dyspnea, fever, cough, weight loss. Enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen and liver can also occur.


Input: One of the first signs of TB

Output: Slight cough with mucoid expectorate

Respiratory - NCLEX Flashcards - Cram.com

Fungal infection s/s include: Dyspnea, fever, cough, weight loss. Enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen and liver can also occur.


Input: Definitive test for TB

Output: Sputum Culture. A chest x-ray is a presumptive diagnostic test.

Respiratory - NCLEX Flashcards - Cram.com

Fungal infection s/s include: Dyspnea, fever, cough, weight loss. Enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen and liver can also occur.


Input: A person being treated for TB can return to work when ...

Output: Three sputum cultures are negative

Respiratory - NCLEX Flashcards - Cram.com

Fungal infection s/s include: Dyspnea, fever, cough, weight loss. Enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen and liver can also occur.


Input: Initial assessment after surgical placement of an endotracheal tube is .... then ...

Output: Initially the patient is ventilated with an Ambu bag and a nurse auscultates for bilateral breath sounds... then the patient has an x-ray taken. Note the tube is marked where it enters the nose or mouth for ongoing monitoring.

Respiratory - NCLEX Flashcards - Cram.com

Fungal infection s/s include: Dyspnea, fever, cough, weight loss. Enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen and liver can also occur.


Input: Inaccuate pulse Ox reading may occur when....peripheral perfusion is impaired such as in

Output: Hypotention, shock, meds that cause vasoconstriction. NOT such things as fever, Respiratory Failure or epilesy

Respiratory - NCLEX Flashcards - Cram.com

Fungal infection s/s include: Dyspnea, fever, cough, weight loss. Enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen and liver can also occur.


Input: Aftering administrating a TB test the client should return in _ to have it read.

Output: 48-78 hours (Study)

Respiratory - NCLEX Flashcards - Cram.com

Fungal infection s/s include: Dyspnea, fever, cough, weight loss. Enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen and liver can also occur.


Input: Type of dressing after removal of a chest tube

Output: Petrolatum gauze and sterile 4x4 gauze or elastoplast tape. NOT telfa, neosporin ointment or benzoin spray.

Respiratory - NCLEX Flashcards - Cram.com

Fungal infection s/s include: Dyspnea, fever, cough, weight loss. Enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen and liver can also occur.


Input: [dissolve] When a solid becomes part of a liquid

Output: dissolve

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] filter

Output: to separate fine solid particles from a liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] to separate fine solid particles from a liquid

Output: filter

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] sieve

Output: to separate coarse solid particles form a liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] to separate coarse solid particles form a liquid

Output: sieve

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] freeze

Output: to change from LIQUID to SOLID

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] to change from LIQUID to SOLID

Output: freeze

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] gas

Output: One of the three states of matter. It will fill all available space. It takes the shape of the container It takes the volume of the container

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] One of the three states of matter. It will fill all available space. It takes the shape of the container It takes the volume of the container

Output: gas

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] liquid

Output: One of the three states of matter. -Liquids pour -They take the shape of the container -a fixed volume

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] One of the three states of matter. -Liquids pour -They take the shape of the container -but have a fixed volume

Output: liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] melt

Output: to change form SOLID to LIQUID

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] to change form SOLID to LIQUID

Output: melt

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] powder

Output: a solid made of very fine particles

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] a solid made of very fine particles

Output: powder

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] solid

Output: one of the three states of matter --holds shape -fixed volume

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] soluble

Output: when a solid can dissolve in a liquid it is said to be SOLUBLE.

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] insoluble

Output: when a solid cannot dissolve in a liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] when a solid cannot dissolve in a liquid

Output: insoluble

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] solution

Output: a liquid that has a solid dissolved in it

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] a liquid that has a solid dissolved in it

Output: solution

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] state

Output: all matter exists in one of three states - solid, liquid or gas.

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] suspension

Output: a liquid holding particles of solid in it that have not become part of the liquid.

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] a liquid holding particles of solid in it that have not become part of the liquid.

Output: suspension

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] all matter exists in one of three states - solid, liquid or gas.

Output: state

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] filtration

Output: used to separate fine solid particles from a liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] used to separate fine solid particles from a liquid

Output: filtration

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] sieving

Output: used to separate larger solid particles - like rice and pasta.

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] used to separate larger solid particles - like rice and pasta.

Output: sieving

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] solvent

Output: the liquid part of a solution

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] the liquid part of a solution

Output: solvent

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] one of the three states of matter --holds shape -fixed volume

Output: solid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [dissolve] when a solid can dissolve in a liquid it is said to be SOLUBLE.

Output: soluble

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -The first plant hormone discovered -Found in seed embryos, maristems of apical buds, and young leaves -growth phenomena -stimulates cell elongation, root growth, cell differentiation and branching, regulates development of fruit, enhances apical dominance, functions in phototropism and gravitropism, promotes xylem differentiation, and retards leaf abscission [1]

Output: Auxins

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Found in maristems of apical buds and roots, young leaves and embryos -Promotes seed and bud germination, stem elongation and leaf growth, stimulates flowering and development of fruit, and affects root growth and differentiation [1]

Output: Gibberellins

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Found in tissues of ripening fruit, nodes of stems, and aging leaves and flowers -Also produced naturally -Promotes fruit ripening, opposes some auxin effects, promotes or inhibits growth and development of roots, leaves and flowers, depending on species. [1]

Output: Ethylene

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Plants possess surprisingy sophisticated systems for responding to environmental conditions like: light, gravity and touch [1]

Output: Plant sensory systems

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -receptors and hormone-mediated signal transduction -they rely exclusively on chemical messengers [1]

Output: Plant responses involve

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Receptor: NPH1 in stems and leaves; light spectrum; short wave length -Signal Transduction:NPH1 autophosphorylates; the remainder of system is unknown, but involves CRY1 and CRY2 proteins -Response: Phototropism occurs -Adaptive Value: Stems grow toward lights with wavelengths needed for photosynthesis [1]

Output: Blue light sensory system

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Receptor: Phytochrome in seeds and elsewhere -Signal Transduction: Phytochrome changes to Pfr form and activates response -Response: Seed germinates -Adaptive Value: Sunlight triggers sprouting in species that require full sun [1]

Output: Red Light sensory system

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Receptor: Phytochrome in stem -Signal Transduction: Phytochrome changes to Pf form and induces responser; mechanism is unknown -Response: stems lengthen -Adaptive Value: Species that require full sun attempt to escape shade [1]

Output: Far-red light sensory system

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Receptor: Integrin proteins located in cell membrane or in amyloplast membrane? -Signal Transduction: Details unknown, but auxin is involved -Response: Cells on opposite sides of root or shoot elongate; tissue curves -Adaptive Value: Roots grow down; shoots grow up [1]

Output: Gravity sensory system

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Land plants evolved from green algae -Closest relatives are charophyceans (freshwater green algae) [1]

Output: Highlights in plant evolution

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Eukaryotic -multicellular -possess chloroplasts in addition to mitochondria -exhibit alternation of generations [1]

Output: What is a land plant?

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Blue-green algae aka cyanophytes -prokaryotes engulfed by plants for photosynthetic activity -shared, derived characteristics include: haploid gametes, but no adults; alternate haploid/diploid stages [1]

Output: What is a land plant? continued...

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -ribosomal RNA -everything but viruses have them -can find homological sequences -used extensively [1]

Output: rRNA sequences

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -non-tracheophyte plants with protected embryos • lack phloem and xylem • includes liverworts, hornworts and mosses • require water for reproduction; confined to wet environments -sporophyte dependent on gametophyte [1]

Output: Bryophytes

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Possess cells joined into tubes that transport water (xylem) or nutrients (phloem) • includes lycophytes (club mosses), ferns and horsetails • require water for fertilization -Large sporophyte, small, independent gametophyte [1]

Output: Seedless, vascular plants

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] • evolution of seed a major advance in occupation of terrestrial habitats • seed is a sporophyte embryo packaged along with a protective coat -Reduced gametophyte dependent on sporophyte [1]

Output: Seed plants

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -"naked seeds" – lack enclosed chambers (ovaries) in which angiosperm seeds develop – includes cycads, ginkos, conifers: pines, firs, redwoods [1]

Output: Gymnosperms

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -flowering plants – most diverse and economically important – double fertilization with triploid endosperm [1]

Output: Angiosperms

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -haploid multicellular organism (n) -produce gametes by mitosis [1]

Output: Gametophyte

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -diploid multicellular organism (2n) -produce spores by meiosis [1]

Output: Sporophyte

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] develops directly into adult [1]

Output: Spore

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] must combine with other gamete to form zygote [1]

Output: Gamete

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -non-vascular plants -18,600 species [1]

Output: Liverworts, hornworts, mosses

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -vascular, but seedless -13,015 species [1]

Output: Lycopods, horsetails, ferns

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -seed plants -721 species [1]

Output: Gymnosperms

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -flowering seed plants -250,000 species -abundant, diverse, comparable to animal lineages [1]

Output: Angiosperms

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -threat of dessication -transporting water through the plant body -establishing an upright body to compete for sunlight -transporting gametes without water [1]

Output: Challenges of living on land

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -Sunlight and CO2 more available -cuticle and stomata -vascular tissue -lignin in cell walls and an erect growth habit -reduced gametophytes; male gametophyte travels to female as pollen -specialized methods of photosynthesis: C4 and CAM [1]

Output: Advantages and adaptations of living on land

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -pores on leaf surface -restrict water are to water loss [1]

Output: Stomata

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -produces wood -allows for skeleton of plant and height [1]

Output: Lignin

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -most plants have it -with water [1]

Output: C3 photosynthesis

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -grasses have modification -conserve water [1]

Output: C4 carbon intermediate photosynthesis

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -succulent plants -open stomates at night instead of day when temps. is low and humidity is low -take in CO2 and use it during day [1]

Output: CAM photosynthesis

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -pollen tube discharges two sperm into female gametophyte within ovule [1]

Output: Double fertilization

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -double fertilization occurs -one sperm fertilizes egg while other combines with two nuclei in central cell of female gametophyte and initiates development of food-storing endosperm -endosperm nourishes developing embryo [1]

Output: Angiosperm life cycle

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -sporophyte-dominant -gamtophytes: female-ovule male-pollen grains are haploid (produces gametes through mitosis) [1]

Output: Angiosperm life cycle continued...

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a) Wings enable maple fruits to be easily carried by the wind eg. sycamore (maple) seeds b)seeds within berries and other edible fruits are often dispersed in animal feces c)the barbs of cockleburs facilitate seed dispersal by allowing these fruits to hitchhike on animals d)plants have lost of mold; many chemicals produced by plants to inhibit mold growth e)fleshy fruits adapt to increase attractiveness to animals [1]

Output: Plant adaptations continued...

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] angiosperms [1]

Output: Most of our food comes from...?

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] important to human productivity [1]

Output: Products from seed plant are...

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] wheat, rice, maize, potatoes, cassava, and sweet potatoes [1]

Output: Which 6 crops yield 80% of the calories consumed by humans?

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -CORN! -most food produced in US is derived from a cornfield in Iowa -corn has distinctive C13 profile on mass spectrophotometer [1]

Output: USA is a nation of

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] soda: 100% of carbon from corn burger: 56% of carbon from corn [1]

Output: In a fast-food meal...

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -most exhibit determinate growth, meaning the growth of indiv. ceases when adult stage is reached [1]

Output: Animals

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -growth is indeterminate, meaning indiv. continues to grow after adult stage is reached -growth is generated by specific regions of active cell divisions called meristem [1]

Output: Plants

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] groups of cells that retain ability to produce new organs indefinitely [1]

Output: meristem

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] cell divisions in meristem [1]

Output: All plant organs arise from...?

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] • Germ-line sequestered early in development in most animal groups(exceptions include cnidarians) • Cells lose totipotency early due to differentiation • Mutations in somatic cells not transmitted to offspring [1]

Output: Animals 2

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] • Meristem is perpetually embryonic tissue (retains totipotency) • Mutations that occur in meristem during development of individual can be transmitted to offspring • Restricted case of the evolution of acquired characters -can live thousands of years [1]

Output: Plants 2

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] -corals, anemones, hydras, and jelly-fishes -dont have early germ-line sequences [1]

Output: Cnidarians

Biology 191-Lecture 26 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Define homeostasis] What in the body is maintained between narrow limits?

Output: temperature blood pH oxygen concentrations carbon dioxide concentrations blood glucose concentration water/solute balance

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] THe internal environment varies very little. True/False

Output: True. The internal environment is controlled and varies very little, despite large variations in the external environment.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What two systems play a major role in maintaining homeostasis?

Output: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] is homeostasis maintained by negative or positive feedback?

Output: Negative Feedback

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] How does negative feedback work?

Output: A rise in levels feeds back to decrease production and reduce the level. A decrease in levels feeds back to increase production and raise the level.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] Do small fluctuations cause a response to be triggered? (Ex. Do small fluctuations in body temperature cause responses to be triggered?)

Output: No. Small fluctuations above and below the set point DO NOT cause a response.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] When does negative feedback come into play then?

Output: When the level rises significantly above the set point, it is then reduced by negative feedback.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What are the two parts of the nervous system?

Output: Central nervous system & Peripheral nervous system

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

Output: Brain & Spinal Cord

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] Define homeostasis

Output: Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Output: Peripheral nerves that connect all parts of the body to the central nervous system

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] When you feel cold, do skin arerioles become narrower or wider? As a result, is more blood or less blood brought?

Output: Skine arterioles become narrower and they bring less blood.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What happens inside the body when you shiver?

Output: Skeletal muscles do many small rapid contractions in order to generate heat.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] When you're cold, the temperature of your skin falls. So is less heat or more heat lost from your skin to the environment?

Output: Less heat. The temperature of your skin falls, so there is very little heat, therefore less heat is lost to the environment.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] When you are feeling hot, do your skin arterioles become wider or narrower?

Output: Wider, so more blood flows through the skin.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] Is more heat or less heat lost to the environment when you're feeling hot?

Output: More heat. The blood transfers heat from the core of your body to the skin. As a result the temperature of the skin rises, thus more heat is lost to the environment.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What do sweat glands do when your body is overheated?

Output: Sweat glands secrete large amounts of sweat making the surface of the skin damp. Water evaporates from the damp skin and this has a cooling effect.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What happens when you have a high blood glucose level (in terms of insulin)?

Output: Insulin stimulates the liver and muscle cells to absorb glucose from the blood and convert it to glycogen.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What happens to the glycogen after its been converted?

Output: Granules of glycogen are stored in the cytoplasm. Other cells are stimulated to absorb glucose and use it in cell respiration istead of fat.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] When the blood glucose levels are low, what do the alpha cells produce? Where are the alpha cells?

Output: They produce glucagon. Alpha cells are in the pancreatic islets

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What does glucagon do when the blood glucose level is low?

Output: Glucagon stimulates liver cells to break glycogen down into glucose and release the glucose into the blood.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What does the endocrine system consist of?

Output: It consists of glands which release hormones that are transported in the blood.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] Define excretion

Output: Excretion is the removal from the body of the toxic waste products of metabolism.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What is the kidney's role in excretion?

Output: Waste products of metabolism are carried from the body cells to the kidney by the blood system. Kidneys remove waste products from the blood and produce urine containing them.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: [Define homeostasis] What role do the kidneys play in homeostasis?

Output: Kidneys help to keep the water and salt content of the blood and tissue fluid constant. Kidneys have a role in homeostasis by varying the composition and volume of urine.

Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits.


Input: abdomin

Output: Up until the age of 8 where is the bladder located?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: suprapubis

Output: Where would one palpate or aspirate a child's bladder?


Input: 1 liter

Output: How much liquid can an adult bladder hold?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: median umbilical ligament: urachus

Output: What is found at the anterior segment of the bladder and what is this a remnant of?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: forward

Output: Which direction is a full bladder face?


Input: emptying of the bladder

Output: What is customarily done before vaginal exams?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: fractured pubis

Output: What is a common cause of a lacerated bladder?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: when the valve-like portion of the ureter does not function and urine reflxes back up into the ureters

Output: What is a "vesicouterine reflex"?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: ureters, the bladder has no glands

Output: Where would mucus in the urine come from, teh bladder or the ureters?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: the uterus can prolapse

Output: if the uterus lies in the same axis as the vagina the intra abdemal pressure pushes the uterus down the vagina, what can happen

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: it is when a tear of the cervix extends into the bladder during delivery

Output: What is a "vesicovaginal fistula?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: divarication (division) of the levator anis by multiparity

Output: What is a common cause of uterine prolapse in older women?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: shortening of the round ligaments

Output: When retroversion of the uterus was thought to be a problem, how was the uterus pulled forward?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: the connecdtion between the peritonium and the uterine tube

Output: What does air or gas put into the cervix and then heard bubbling int eh peritoneal cavity demonstrate?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: cancer

Output: What can be missed behind the rectal valves (of Houston)?


Input: pain in the coccyx regiona and easy movement of teh coccyx by rectal exam

Output: what is coccydynia?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: a diseased seminal vessicle, full bladder, posterior part of the prostate

Output: What can be palpated on a male via rectal exam?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: cervix, ovaries, and retroverted uterus

Output: What can be palpated on a male via rectal exam?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: it's when the upper 2/3s of the anal canal (endoderm-cloaca) and the lower 1/3 (proctodeum) do not meet

Output: What is an imperforate anus?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: palpate the cervix

Output: Give an example of how the degree of cervical dilation can be monitored during childbirth?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: 1. acid secretions flows down to the pelvic peritoneum? 2. swelling and soreness upon palpation of the peritoneal region 3. a ruptured leaking ectopic pregnancy pour s blood int the pouch

Output: what effects can a perforated duodenum have in the pelvis? What are symptoms of the above ? Give a differential diagnosis of the above symptom

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: yes, laterally, especially if it's abnormal

Output: Is it possible to palpate hte ovary?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: 1. inflammation of the anal glands in teh small crypts between the anal columns 2. pus can sometimes be seen in the crypts

Output: What is cryptitis? how is this observed?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: 1. integrity of the anorectal ring (puborectalis ring, external sphincter and circular muscle of teh internal sphincter) 2. when small portions of the internal or external sphincter are damaged

Output: What is require for complete fecal continence? How are minor degrees of fecal incontinence caused?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: 1. middle 2. prostate

Output: The intrusion of the _____ lobe of the prostate into the bladder disrupts the internal sphincter and allows the urine to trickle into the urethra to produce the earliest symptoms of prostatium (pee in the middle of the night→noctuoria) site of benign prostatic hypertrophy. 2. The _____ lobe on the other hand is the lobe in which carcinoma of the prostate (older men)

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: At the beginning of the penile part of the urethra (bulb of the penis) there is a dilation called the intrabulbar fossa where this occurs

Output: What part of the urethra do secretions and purulent collections tend to pool there and cause stricture formation

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: 26. Female urethra is much shorter which makes catheterization much easier but also makes women much more prone to urinary tract and bladder infections. Furthermore vaginal injuries tend to involve the urethra more often and can lead to vesicovaginal fistulas

Output: what are the the pros and cons of women having a shorter urethra?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: the peritoneum posterior to the fornix 27. Much easier to feel impacted foreign matter in the urethra and rectum than normal structures. Collections of blood (hematomata) or neoplastic masses can be felt in the “cul de sac” area of perineum (fornix), prolapsed ovaries in the fornix. The body of the uterus can be felt via bimanual examination with one hand in the vagina and the other on the abdomen the urterus size can be estimated

Output: In a women, what is the lowest part of the peritoneal cavity, why is this clinically important?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: anteverted: backward retroverted: forward

Output: Which direction does a cervix point in an anteverted uterus? Retroverted?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: foreign bodies the urethra

Output: What can be palpated anteriorly in vaginal examinations? What cannot be palpated anteriorly?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: 1. lubrication during intercourse 2. The Bartholin (bulbourethral) glands of the women commonly become infected when its ducts block; looks like a swelling at the jnc of the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the vaginal outlet... e.g. gonorrhea

Output: What role do the Bartholin (bulbourethral) glands play? what is their clinical relevance?

Anatomy Pelvis Clinical Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the second most common cause of suprapubic swelling.


Input: Why are the mitochondria called the powerhouses of the cell? [Mitochondria]

Output: because most of the cell's energy is produced here

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what organelle converts the chemical energy of glucose products into the chemical energy of ATP molecules? [Mitochondria]

Output: Inside the mitochondria

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In the process of converting chemical energy of glucose into chemical energy of ATP molecules, what happens? [Mitochondria]

Output: mitochondria use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. Therefore, the process of producing ATP is called "cellular respiration"

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Why is it called cellular respiration? [Mitochondria]

Output: During conversion of chemical energy of glucose products into the chemical energy of ATP molecules, mitochondria use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide.

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded to form little shelves called what and where do they project? [Mitochondria]

Output: The cristae, project into the matrix

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the matrix? [Mitochondria]

Output: An inner space filled with a gel-like fluid

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the matrix of a mitochondrion contain and what is their function? [Mitochondria]

Output: enzymes for breaking down glucose products.

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where does ATP production then occur? [Mitochondria]

Output: At the cristae

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are located in assembly-line fashion on the membranous shelves of the cristae? [Mitochondria]

Output: protein complexes that aid in the conversion of energy

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What hypothesis does the structure of a mitochondrion support? [Mitochondria]

Output: They were originally prokaryotes engulfed by a cell.

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the 3 pieces of evidence that supports the evolutionary theory of how the mitochondrion came to be? [Mitochondria]

Output: They are bounded by a double membrane, as a prokaryote would be if taken in by endocytosis, they have their own genes, and they reproduce themselves, lastly, mitochondria contain their own ribosomes, which are structured the same way as those found in prokaryotes.

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are end cells, why are they importanat? [Mitochondria]

Output: The differentiated daughter cells of stem cells. Much research has gone into learning how to control the differntiation of stem cells into desired end cells.

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the 2 different types of stem cells? [Mitochondria]

Output: Embryonic and adult stem cells.

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is parkinson's disease? What treatment is now possible for this? [Mitochondria]

Output: A progressive motor control disorder, triggered by the death of certain neurons in the brain...stem cells in the lab to differentiate into neurons that produce dopamine.

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How fast can a sperm swim? How fast does it reach the egg in a female? [Mitochondria]

Output: 20 cm/hour, they could reach the ovum in less than an hour

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How is the Y chromosome different than the X chromosome? [Mitochondria]

Output: The Y chromosome is very small and contains far fewer genes than the X chromosome.

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Because the X chromosome has more genes than the Y chromosome, and females are XX, how does the body compensate for this extra dose of genetic material? What is it called? [Mitochondria]

Output: By inactivating one of the X chromosomes in each cell of the female embryo. It's called a Barr body

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is a medical doctor who specializes in eye disease called? [Mitochondria]

Output: opthalmologist

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the vitreus humor? [Mitochondria]

Output: The gel that fills the eyeball

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the gel that fills the eyeball called? [Mitochondria]

Output: vitreus humor

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is presumably true about antibodies and their effect on mitochondria? [Mitochondria]

Output: They kill off/damage them.

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the 4 categories of federal criminal jurisdiction (federal govt's power to create crimes?

Output: (1) power over federally owned or controlled territory (2) power over conduct occurring within a state (3) power over US nationals abroad (4) power over conduct on ships or airplanes

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What jurisdiction does the federal govt have over federally owned or controlled territory?

Output: fed govt has extensive power to enact general criminal codes governing conduct in DC, territories and federal enclaves

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What jurisdiction does the federal govt have over conduct occurring within a state?

Output: federal power to criminalize conduct within a state is limited by the requirement that each statute be founded upon an express or implied constitutional grant of authority

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What jurisdiction does the federal govt have over US nationals abroad?

Output: federal criminal statutes may, by express provision, reach conduct by citizens while on foreign soil

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What jurisdiction does the federal govt have over conduct on ships or airplanes?

Output: federal maritime jurisdiction extends to conduct by all person aboard American ships or aircraft when on or over the high seas or even in foreign waters or ports

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is a state's criminal jurisdiction?

Output: every state has inherent authority by virtue of its police power to regulate its internal affairs for the protection or promotion of the health, safety, welfare and morals of its citizens

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Under common law, when does a state have juridiction over a crime?

Output: if the state is the legal situs of the crime

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is the situs of a crime?

Output: the place where the act or omission takes place or the place of the harmful result if result is a material element of the crime

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is the modern bases for a state's criminal law jurisdiction?

Output: A person is subject to prosecution in a state for an offense under the following conditions: (1) when the offense is committed wholly or partly (conduct or result at to one element of the crime) within the state; (2) when there is conduct outside the state that constitutes an attempt or conspiracy to commit an offense within the state PLUS an act within the state; (3) When there is conduct within the state constituting an attempt, solicitation, or conspiracy to commit, in another jurisdiction, an offense that is a crime in both states; and (4) when an offense based on the omission of performance of a duty imposed by the law of a state is committed within the state, regardless of the location of the offender

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: List the sources of criminal law.

Output: - Common law crimes - Statutory crimes - Constitutional crimes - Administrative crimes - Model Penal Code

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is a common law crime?

Output: one that is created and enforced by the judiciary in the absence of a statute defining the offense

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Are there any federal common law crimes?

Output: no, except for those provided by Congress for DC

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Do states have common law crimes?

Output: Majority have retained them either implicitly or by express retention statutes Minority have abolished expressly or impliedly (but still keep common law defenses)

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is the primary source of criminal law?

Output: state legislative statutes

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is a constitutional crime?

Output: treason - levying war against the US, adhereing to enemies of the US or giving them aid and comfort no one can be convicted unless there are two testifying witnesses to the same overt act or defendant confesses

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: How is an administrative crime proscribed?

Output: administrative agency is given power by legislature to proscribe rules, the violation of which may be a criminal penalty Note: legislature may not delegate power to determine which regulations carry penalties or the power of adjudication

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: List the theories that have been advanced to justify criminal punishment.

Output: - Incapacitation (restraint) - Special Deterrence - General Deterrence - Retribution - Rehabilitation - Education

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Summarize the incapacitation theory of punishment.

Output: While imprisoned, a criminal has fewer opportunities to commit acts causing harm to society

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Summarize the special deterrence theory of punishment.

Output: punishment may deter the criminal from committing future crimes

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Summarize the general deterrence theory of punishment.

Output: punishment may deter persons other than the criminal from committing similar crimes for fear of incurring the same punishment

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Summarize the retribution theory of punishment.

Output: punishment is imposed to vent society's sense of outrage and need for revenge

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Summarize the rehabilitation theory of punishment.

Output: imprisonment provides the opportunity to mold or reform the criminal into a person who, upon return to society, will conform her behavior to societal norms

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Summarize the education theory of punishment.

Output: publicity attending the trial, conviction and punishment of some criminals serves to educate the public to distinguish good and bad conduct and to develop respect for the law

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What were the three common law classes of crimes?

Output: treason, felonies, misdemeanors

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Distinguish felonies and misdemeanors.

Output: Felonies – all crimes punishable by death or imprisonment exceeding 1 year Misdemeanors – all crimes punishable by imprisonment for less than one year or by a fine

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Distinguish malum in se and malum prohibitum.

Output: malum in se - a crime that is inherently evial, either b/c criminal intent is an element of the offense or b/c the crime involves moral turpitude malum prohibitum - a crime that is wrong only b/c it is prohibited by legislation

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is an infamous crime?

Output: At common law, all crimes involving fraud, dishonesty or the obstruction of justice modern law expands this to include most felonies

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is the "void for vagueness" doctrine?

Output: Supreme Court has held due process clause to require that no criminal penalty be imposed without fair notice that the conduct is forbidden

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are the two requirements for non-vagueness?

Output: (1) Fair warning in that it must give a person of ordinary intelligence fair notice that his contemplated conduct is forbidden by the statute (2) No arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement in that statute must not encourage erratic and arbitrary arrests and convictions

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are the Article I limitations on state and federal crime creation?

Output: (1) No Ex Post Facto Laws - expressly prohibited by Constitution and defined by Supreme Court as a law that operates retroactively to - make criminal an act that when done was not criminal; - aggravate a crime or increase the punishment therefor; - change the rules of evidence to the detriment of criminal defendants as a class; OR - alter the law of criminal procedure to deprive criminal defendants of a substantive right (2) No Bills of Attainder - defined as a legislative act that inflicts punishment or denies a privilege without a judicial trial

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: How can you tell the difference between an ex post facto law and a bill of attainder?

Output: ex post facto law does not deprive the offender of a judicial trial

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: List the rules of interpretation for criminal statutes.

Output: (1) Plain Meaning Rule (2) Rule of Lenity (3) expressio uniun, exclusio alterius (4) specific controls general; more recent controls earlier (5) effect of repeal

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is the plain meaning rule?

Output: when statutory language is plain and its meaning clear, the court must give effect to it even if the court feels the law is unwise or undesirable Note: there is an exception to this rule if applying the meaning will lead to injustice, oppression or an absurd consequence

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is the rule of lenity?

Output: Ambiguous statute must be construed strictly in favor of the defendant An ambiguous statute is one that is capable of two or more reasonable interpretations, as opposed to a vague statute, which is not subject to any reasonable interpretation

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is the rule of expressio uniun, exclusio alterius?

Output: the expression of one thing impliedly indicates an intention to exclude another example: if a statute provides one exception, it impliedly excludes all others

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is the rule regarding specific controls general; more recent controls earlier?

Output: if two statutes address the same subject matter but dictate different conclusions, the more specific statute will be applied rather than the more general the more recently enacted statute will control an older statute

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is the rule regarding the effect of repeal?

Output: at common law, in absence of a saving provision, the repeal or invalidation of a statute operates to bar prosecutions for earlier violates provided the prosecution is pending or not yet under way at the time of repeal (will not free from conviction or final judgment though) a saving provision is one that states crimes committed prior to the effective date of new statute are subject to prosecution and punishment under the law as it existed at the time the offense was committed

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What was the common law rule of merger?

Output: misdemeanor merged into felony - if a person engaged in conduct constituting both, he could only be convicted of the felony

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is the current American rule regarding merger?

Output: No merger! Exceptions: - merger of solicitation or attempt into completed crime - merger of lesser included offenses into greater offenses

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Describe the solicitation/ attempt merger exception.

Output: A person who solicits another to commit a crime cannot be convicted both of the solicitation and the completed crime. Similarly, a person cannot both be convicted of an attempt and of the completed crime. A person can, however, be convicted of both conspiracy and of the completed crime.

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Describe the lesser included offense merger exception.

Output: Lesser included offenses merge into greater offenses in that one placed in jeopardy for either offense may not be later retried for the other. Nor may one be convicted of both.

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is a lesser included offense?

Output: A lesser included offense is one that consists entirely of some, but not all, elements of the greater crime.

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Is there double jeopardy if a statute provides multiple punishments for a single act?

Output: No, imposition of cumulative punishments for two or more statutorily defined offenses, specifically intended by the legislature to carry separate punishments, arising from the same transaction and constituting the same crime does not violate the double jeopardy clause prohibition against multiple punishments for the same offense when the punishments are imposed at a single trial.

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What elements of a criminal offense is a prosecution generally required to prove?

Output: (1) Actus reus - the physical act or unlawful omission; (2) Mens rea - the state of mind or intent of defendant at time of the act; (3) Concurrence - the act and state of mind existed at the same time; (4) a Harmful result was caused (both factually and proximately) by the act

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are the four common law types of parties to a felony?

Output: (1) principals in the first degree (2) principals in the second degree (3) accessories before the fact (4) accessories after the fact

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are principals in the first degree?

Output: persons who actually engage in the act or omission that constitutes the criminal offense

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are principals in the second degree?

Output: persons who aid, command, or encourage the principal and are present at the crime

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are accessories before the fact?

Output: persons who aid, abet, or encourage the principal but are not present at the crime

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are accessories after the fact?

Output: persons who assist the principal after the crime

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Under the modern approach, what is a principle?

Output: one who, with the requisite mental state, actually engages in the act or omission that causes the criminal result anyone who acts through an innocent, irresponsible, or unwilling agent NOTE: principal need not be present when the harm results

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Under the modern approach, what is an accomplice?

Output: one who, with the intent that the crime be committed, aids, counsels, or encourages the principal before or during the commission of the crime

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Under the modern approach, what is an accessory after the fact?

Output: one who receives, relieves, comforts, or assists another, knowing that he has committed a felony, in order to help the felon edcape arrest, trial, or conviction NOTE: must be a felony and completed at time aid is rendered

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: List the offenses involving judicial procedure.

Output: (1) perjury (2) subornation of perjury (3) bribery (4) compounding a crime (5) misprison of a felony

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is perjury?

Output: Common law misdemeanor that consists of willful and corrupt taking of a false oath in regard to a material matter in a judicial proceeding Materiality is an element and must be alleged in the indictment as well as proved by prosecution NOTE: A statement is material if it might affect some phase or detail of the trial, hearing, declaration, etc

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is subornation of perjury?

Output: consists of procuring or inducing another to commit perjury

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is bribery?

Output: common law misdemeanor or felony under modern statutes that consists of the corrupt payment or receipt of anything of value in return for official action (either offering or taking) NOTE: Mutual criminal intent is NOT necessary

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is compounding a crime?

Output: common law misdemeanor that consists of entering into an agreement for valuable consideration to not prosecute another for a felony or to conceal commission of a felony or whereabouts of a felon NOTE: Modern statutes include any crimes (not just felonies)

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is misprison of a felony?

Output: common law misdemeanor that consists of the failure by someone other than a principal or accessory before the fact to disclose or report knowledge of the commission of a felony NOTE: Not recognized in most jurisdictions resulting in no obligation for a person to report a crime (or if it is a crime, it requires some affirmative action in aid of the felon)

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: Can a witness be prosecuted for perjury for having made two false statements at the same proceeding?

Output: If a witness makes two contradictory statements at the same proceeding and admits that one is false before the end of the proceeding, he cannot be prosecuted for having made the false statement

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is special about perjury in a civil rights action?

Output: In a civil rights action, all witnesses (including police officers) are immune from civil liability based on their alleged perjured testimony in judicial proceedings

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are the common law elements of burglary?

Output: (1) A breaking (2) and entry (3) of a dwelling (4) of another (5) at nighttime (6) with the intent to commit a felony in the structure

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is actual breaking?

Output: Requires some use of force to gain entry but minimal force is sufficient Example: opening a closed but unlocked door

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is constructive breaking?

Output: gaining entry by means of fraud, threat, or intimidation, or by use of the chimney

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is required to constitute a breaking?

Output: - trespass (consent of resident to enter is NOT a breaking; exception: entry consent limited to certain times or obtained by fraud) - of the house (must be to effect entry into house or some secured subportion) - to gain entry (not hide in or exit)

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is required to constitute entry?

Output: placing any portion of the body inside the structure, even momentarily insertion of a tool or inanimate object into the structure is sufficient if it is inserted for the purpose of accomplishing the felony (NOT for just gaining entry)

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is a dwelling?

Output: a structure used with regularity for sleeping purposes NOTE: other purposes or temporary absence of inhabitants does not affect status as dwelling

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What determines "of another"

Output: Occupancy, thus an owner can commit burglary of his own structure if it is rented and used as a dwelling by others)

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is nighttime?

Output: period during which the countenance of a person could not be discerned by natural light

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: When must the intent to commit a felony exist for burglary?

Output: at the time of entry

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are the common law elements of arson?

Output: (1) the malicious (2) burning (3) of a dwelling (4) of another

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: At common law, was it an offense to burn one's own dwelling for purposes of fraudulently collecting the insurance on it?

Output: No, but it is often made an offense under modern statutes

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are the elements for common law misdemeanor of houseburning?

Output: (1) the malicious (2) burning (3) of one's dwelling (4) if the structure is situated either in a city or town OR so near to other houses as to create a danger to them

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What state of mind is required for arson?

Output: no specific intent is required but it is not sufficient if the burning was accidental or negligent defendant must have acted with the intent or knowledge that the structure would burn, or with reckless disregard of an obvious risk that the structure would burn

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is determinative of "of another" for arson?

Output: occupancy; ownership is immaterial

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What damage is required for arson?

Output: must be caused by fire (NOT explosion) there must be some damage to the fiber of the wood or other combustible material scorching - insufficient charring - sufficient

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What are the elements of common law misdemeanor of malicious mischief?

Output: (1) malicious (2) destruction of, or damage to (3) property of another

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is bigamy?

Output: traditional strict liability offense that consists of marying someone while having another living spouse at common law, it is irrelevant if defendant reasonably believes that a divorce was valid or spouse was dead

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What is battery?

Output: unlawful application of force to the person of another resulting in either bodily injury or an offensive touching

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What classification of crime is simple battery?

Output: misdemeanor

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: What state of mind is required for battery?

Output: none required; need not be intentional negligence is sufficient

the authority of a sovereign to create substantive criminal law


Input: [Mitochondria] because most of the cell's energy is produced here

Output: Why are the mitochondria called the powerhouses of the cell?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] Inside the mitochondria

Output: what organelle converts the chemical energy of glucose products into the chemical energy of ATP molecules?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] mitochondria use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. Therefore, the process of producing ATP is called "cellular respiration"

Output: In the process of converting chemical energy of glucose into chemical energy of ATP molecules, what happens?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] During conversion of chemical energy of glucose products into the chemical energy of ATP molecules, mitochondria use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide.

Output: Why is it called cellular respiration?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] The cristae, project into the matrix

Output: The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded to form little shelves called what and where do they project?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] An inner space filled with a gel-like fluid

Output: What is the matrix?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] enzymes for breaking down glucose products.

Output: What does the matrix of a mitochondrion contain and what is their function?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] At the cristae

Output: Where does ATP production then occur?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] protein complexes that aid in the conversion of energy

Output: What are located in assembly-line fashion on the membranous shelves of the cristae?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] They were originally prokaryotes engulfed by a cell.

Output: What hypothesis does the structure of a mitochondrion support?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] They are bounded by a double membrane, as a prokaryote would be if taken in by endocytosis, they have their own genes, and they reproduce themselves, lastly, mitochondria contain their own ribosomes, which are structured the same way as those found in prokaryotes.

Output: What are the 3 pieces of evidence that supports the evolutionary theory of how the mitochondrion came to be?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] The differentiated daughter cells of stem cells. Much research has gone into learning how to control the differntiation of stem cells into desired end cells.

Output: What are end cells, why are they importanat?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] Embryonic and adult stem cells.

Output: What are the 2 different types of stem cells?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] A progressive motor control disorder, triggered by the death of certain neurons in the brain...stem cells in the lab to differentiate into neurons that produce dopamine.

Output: What is parkinson's disease? What treatment is now possible for this?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] 20 cm/hour, they could reach the ovum in less than an hour

Output: How fast can a sperm swim? How fast does it reach the egg in a female?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] The Y chromosome is very small and contains far fewer genes than the X chromosome.

Output: How is the Y chromosome different than the X chromosome?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] By inactivating one of the X chromosomes in each cell of the female embryo. It's called a Barr body

Output: Because the X chromosome has more genes than the Y chromosome, and females are XX, how does the body compensate for this extra dose of genetic material? What is it called?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] opthalmologist

Output: What is a medical doctor who specializes in eye disease called?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] The gel that fills the eyeball

Output: What is the vitreus humor?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] vitreus humor

Output: What is the gel that fills the eyeball called?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Mitochondria] They kill off/damage them.

Output: What is presumably true about antibodies and their effect on mitochondria?

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Biosphere [2]

Output: part of earth that supports life, including the top portion of the earth’s crust, the atmosphere, and all water on earths surface.


Input: [1] ecosystem [2]

Output: all living organisms that live in the area and the nonliving features of their environment.


Input: [1] population [2]

Output: all the organisms that belong to the same species living in a community.


Input: [1] community [2]

Output: all the populations of different species that live in an ecosystem.


Input: [1] habitat [2]

Output: place where an organism lives and that provides the types of food, shelter, moisture and temperature needed for survival.


Input: [1] limiting factor [2]

Output: anything that can restrict the size of a population including living and nonliving features of an ecosystem, such as predators or drought.


Input: [1] carrying capacity [2]

Output: largest number of individuals of a particular species that an ecosystem can support over time.


Input: [1] producers [2]

Output: organism, such as a green plant or alga, that uses an outside source of energy like the Sun to create energy-rich food molecules.


Input: [1] consumers [2]

Output: organism that cannot create energy-rich molecules but obtains its food by eating other organisms.


Input: [1] symbiosis [2]

Output: any close relationship between species, including mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.


Input: [1] mutualism [2]

Output: a type of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.


Input: [1] commensalism [2]

Output: a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not affected.


Input: [1] parasitism [2]

Output: a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.


Input: [1] niche [2]

Output: in an ecosystem, refers to the unique ways an organism survives, obtains food and shelter, and avoids danger.


Input: carry anything they could sell in reasonable volume [Retailing]

Output: General Stores

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: stores that specialize in certain lines of related products rather than a wide assortment [Retailing]

Output: Single-line or Limited-line stores

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a type of conventional limited-line store- is usually small and has a distinct personality [Retailing]

Output: Specialty Shop

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Larger stores that are organized into many separate departments and offer many product lines [Retailing]

Output: Department Stores

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: says that retailers should offer low prices to get faster turnover and greater sales volumes by appealing to larger markets [Retailing]

Output: Mass-merchandising concept

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: large stores that specialize in groceries with self service and wide assortments [Retailing]

Output: Supermarkets

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: offered "hard goods" (cameras, TVs, and appliances) at substantial price cuts to customers who would go to the discounter's low rent store, pay cash, and take care of any service or repair problems themselves [Retailing]

Output: Discount Houses

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: large self service stores with many departments that emphasize soft goods (clothing) and staples (health and beauty) but still follow the discount houses emphasis on lower margins to get faster turnover [Retailing]

Output: Mass-merchandisers

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: very large stores that try to carry not only food and drug items but all goods and services that the consumer purchases routinely [Retailing]

Output: Supercenters (hypermarkets)

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a convenience oriented variation of the conventional limited line food stores [Retailing]

Output: Convenience (food) stores

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: selling and delivering products through vending machines [Retailing]

Output: Automatic vending

Basic Marketing Ch. 13 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com