Input: neural crest

Output: what cells do neuroblastomas arise from?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: metanephros-->becomes renal parenchyma

Output: what cells do wilms tumors arise from

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: 6-12 hours

Output: how long does it take for kayexalate to work?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: it increases K levels, because H+ ions go into cells, displacing K+ into the blood stream

Output: what does acidosis do to K levels?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: smoking, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, obesity, high fat diet, family history

Output: risk factors for pancreatic carcinoma?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: abnormal thyroid tests in sick pts

Output: what is sick euthyroid syndrome?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: caloric deprivation, cytokines,

Output: what causes sick euthryoid syndrome?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: low T3, with normal T4 and TSH. This is because there is a decrease in peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

Output: What do the throid tests look like in sick euthyroid syndrome?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: atracurium, because it degrades spontaneously in the plasma

Output: Which neuromuscular blocker is best for pts with renal and/or liver disease? Why?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: because visceral pain fibers from the appendix enter the spinal cord at the T10 level

Output: why does appendicitis cause peri-umbilical pain?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: because the hernia contents are pushed into the peritoneum causing increased pressures and decreasing thoracic cavity volumes and hypoventilation. It can take a pt a week to adjust, and PT is a good idea for them

Output: why would a pt get respiratory distress after a large ventral hernia repair?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: It depends. Acute alcohol intake is hepatoprotective. Chronic alcohol ingestion is hepatotoxic.

Output: in a pt with tylenol poisoning, is alcohol use hepatoprotective or toxic?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: loop diuretics, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, quinine, chloroquinine, aspirin only in very high doses

Output: name some drugs that are ototoxic

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: euvolemic hyponatremia due to SIADH

Output: What type of hyponatremia can NSAIDS cause?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: nothing, they're okay

Output: what do you do if someone is exposed to HBV after they've been vaccinated with a documented titre?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: do another course of vaccination, unless of course they already are infected, with anti-HBVAg

Output: what do you do if someone is exposed to HBV after they've been vaccinated, but their titre is unknown?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: treat with HBIG and vaccination

Output: What do you do if someone is exposed to HBV after they've been vaccinated, but their titres are negative?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: enterobius vermincularis (pinworm)

Output: what worm causes itchy butt in kids?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: albendazole or mebendazole

Output: treatment for pinworm?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: tibial fracture

Output: what's the most common fracture in an MVA?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: paralysis after a seizure

Output: what is Todd's paralysis

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: haldol, fluphenazine

Output: name some injectable depot antipsychotics

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: They cause papillary necrosis because of vasocontriction of the vasa recta

Output: How do NSAIDs cause nephropathy?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis

Output: aspirin toxicity causes what metabolic derangement?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: 1st is submandibular, then sublingual, then parotid

Output: which salivary glands most commonly form stones?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: x-ray--the stones are opaque

Output: how do you diagnose stones in salivary glands?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: post-prandial swelling and pain

Output: si/sx of sialolithiasis

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: it destroys arachnoid villi and cisterns, so CSF can't be reabsorbed

Output: how does subarachnoid hemorrhage cause communicating hydrocephalus?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: subarachnoid hemorrhage

Output: what is the msot common cause of communicating hydrocephalus?

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: photopsia (flashes of light), floaters, "a curtain coming down over my eyes," grey elevated retina on ophthalmoscopic exam

Output: si/sx of retinal detachment

USMLEworld test3 step2 Flashcards - Cram.com

After having CINII/III, how many normal culposcopies do you need to have before going back to annual pap smears?


Input: [chromatin] chromosome Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of a DNA molecule that carries hereditary information of encoded genes.

Output: Each sperm and egg has 23 unpaired chromosomes. After fertilization, each cell of the embryo has 23 paired chromosomes.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] cytoplasm Jellylike substance found within the cell membranes composed of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients.

Output: All cellular structures are embedded in the cytoplasm.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] diaphragm Muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.

Output: Alternating active inhalation and passive exhalation is essential to the breathing function.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] metabolism Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism.

Output: Matabolism includes the building up (anabolism) and breaking down (catabolism) of body constituents.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] pathology Study of the nature of diseases, their causes, development, and consequences,=.

Output: Uses laboratory methods rather than clinical examination to determine and study diseases.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] RUQ Right Upper Quadrant

Output: Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, part of the small and large intestines.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] LUQ Left Upper Quadrant

Output: Left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] RLQ Right Lower Quadrant

Output: Part of small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary and fallopian tube, with ureter.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] LLQ Left Lower Quadrant

Output: Part of small and large intestine, left ovary/fallopian tube/ureter.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] cyt/o cell

Output: cytologist - specialist in the study of cells. Study the formation, structure, and function of cells.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] hist/o tissue

Output: histology - study of tissues.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] kary/o nucleus

Output: karyolysis - destruction of the nucleus resulting in the death of the cell.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] nucle/o nucleus

Output: nuclear - pertaining to the nucleus.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] anter/o anterior, front

Output: anterior - pertaining to the front.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] caud/o tail

Output: caudad - toward the tail.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] crani/o cranium

Output: cranial - pertaining to the skull.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] dist/o far, farthest

Output: distal - pertaining to the farthest point form attachment. Distal refers to the point furthest from the center of the body or from the point of attachment to the body. Finger are distal to the wrist.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] dors/o back of the body

Output: dorsal - pertaining to the back of the body.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] infer/o lower, below

Output: inferior - pertaining to a lower structure or surface.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] later/o side, to one side

Output: lateral - pertaining to the side

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] medi/o middle

Output: mediad - toward the middle.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] poster/o back of the body, behind

Output: posterior - pertaining to the back of the body.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] proxim/o near, nearest

Output: proximal - pertaining to the nearest point of attachment to the body. The wrist is proximal to the fingers.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] ventr/o belly, belly side

Output: ventral - pertaining to the belly/front side of the body.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] abdomin/o abdomen

Output: abdominal - pertaining to the abdomen.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] cervic/o neck, cervix uteri

Output: cervical - pertaining to the neck

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] gastr/o stomach

Output: hypogastric - pertaining to the region just below the stomach.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] ili/o ilium (lateral flaring portion of the hip bone)

Output: ilial - pertaining to the ilium

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] inguin/o groin

Output: inguinal - pertaining to the groin. The groin is the depression located between the thigh and the trunk.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] lumb/o lower back

Output: lumbar - pertaining to the lower back.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] pelv/i pelvis

Output: pelvimeter - instrument for measuring the pelvis.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] spin/o spine

Output: spinal - pertaining to the spine

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] thorac/o chest

Output: thoracic - pertaining to the chest.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] umbilic/o umbilicus, navel

Output: umbilical - pertaining to the navel.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] albin/o white

Output: albinism - condition of whiteness. Characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] leuk/o white

Output: leukocyte - white blood cell

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] chlor/o green

Output: chloropia - green vision. Associated with a toxic reaction to digitalis in which objects appear green.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] chrom/o color

Output: heterochromic - pertaining to different colors. is associated with the iris of the eyes, thus someone with heterochromia may have one brown and one blue iris.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] cirrh/o yellow

Output: cirrhosis - abnormal yellowing. The skin, sclera of the eyes, and mucous membrane take on a yellow color. Usually associated with alcoholism or chronic hepatitis.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] jaund/o yellow

Output: jaundice - yellowing. Caused by an abnormal increase in bilirubin (a yellow compound formed when RBCs are destroyed) in the blood.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] xanth/o yellow

Output: xanthocyte - yellow cell

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] cyan/o blue

Output: cyanotic - pertaining to blueness. Associated with lack of oxygen in the blood.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] erythr/o red

Output: erythrocyte - RBC

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] melan/o black

Output: melanoma - black tumor. Malignancy that arises from melanocyctes.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] poli/o gray; gray matter of the brain and spinal cord

Output: poliomyelitis - Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] acr/o extremity

Output: acrocyanosis - abnormal condition in which the extremities are blue.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] eti/o cause

Output: etiology - study of the cause of a disease.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] idi/o unknown, peculiar

Output: idiopathic - pertaining to an unknown cause of disease.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] morph/o form, shape, structure

Output: morphology - the study of form, shape, or structure.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] path/o disease

Output: pathologist - specialist in the study of disease. Studies tissue, cell, and bodily fluids for evidence of disease.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] radi/o radiation, x-ray; radius

Output: radiologist - physicians who employ imaging techniques for diagnosing and treating disease.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] somat/o body

Output: somatic - pertaining to the body

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] son/o sound

Output: sonography - process of recording sound. Sonography employs ultrasound to produce images.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] viscer/o internal organs

Output: visceral - pertaining to internal organs.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] xer/o dry

Output: xerosis - abnormal condition of dryness of the skin, mucous membranes, or conjunctiva.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] -genesis forming, producing, origin

Output: pathogenesis - the origin or the cause of an illness or abnormal condition.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] -gnosis knowing

Output: prognosis - the prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated chance of recovery.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] -gram record, writing

Output: arteriogram - record of an artery. It is an x-ray film of an artery taken after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] -graph instrument for recording

Output: radiograph - instrument for recording x-rays.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] -graphy the process of recording

Output: arhtrography - is an x-ray examination of a joint, such as a knee, shoulder, or elbow, usually with the use of a contrast medium.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] -logist specialist in the study of

Output: dermatologist - specialist in the study of the skin.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] -logy study of

Output: hematology - the study of blood.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] -meter instrument for measuring

Output: thermometer - instrument for measuring heat.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] -metry the act of measuring

Output: ventriculometry - the act of measuring the ventricles.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] -pathy disease

Output: gastropathy - disease of the stomach.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] homeostasis Relative constancy or balance in the internal environment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes.

Output: Such properties as temperature, nutrients, and wastes remain relatively constant.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] inflammation Bodily defense against injury, infection, or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function.

Output: Is a mechanism used by the body to protect against invasion of foreign organisms and to repair injured tissue.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] radionuclides Substances that emit radiation spontaneously; also called tracers.

Output: The quantity and duration of radioactive material are safe for humans.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] interventional radiology Radiological practice that employs fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound in nonsurgical treatment of various disorders.

Output: Examples would be balloon angioplasty* and cardiac catheterization*.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] therapeutic radiology Use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of cancer.

Output: Also called radiation oncology.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] endoscopy Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.

Output: Endoscopy is used for biopsy, surgery, aspirating fluids, and coagulating bleeding areas. The endoscope is usually named for the organ, cavity, or canal being viewed. i.e. gastroscope.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] thoracoscopy Examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through small incisions between the ribs.

Output: Usually performed for lung biopsy, repairing perforations in the lungs, and diagnosing pleural disease.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] urinalysis (UA) Common urine screening test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine.

Output: Can be done immediately by a dipstick test or sent to a laboratory for full analysis.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] computed tomography (CT) Imaging technique achieved by rotating an X-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles.

Output: CT scans generate detailed cross-sectional images to show tumor masses, bone displacement, and fluid accumulation. May be performed with or without a contrast medium.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] Doppler Ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood-flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves of moving blood cells.

Output: Used to identify irregularities in blood flow due to clots, venous insufficiency, and arterial blockage.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] fluoroscopy Radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures.

Output: Used to view the motion of such things as the GI Tract, heart, and joints.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray to produce multi planar cross-sectional images.

Output: Allows superior soft tissue contract, multi planar views, and avoids hazards of ionizing radiation. Also is superior to CT for most central nervous system imaging. Does not require a contrast medium.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] nuclear scan Diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive tracer (inhaled, ingested, or injected) and a specialized camera to produce images of organs and structures.

Output: Opposite of conventional radiograph. Radiation comes from the inside of the body and detected by a specialized camera.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] positron emission tomography (PET) Scanning technique using CT to record positrons emitted from a tracer that produces cross-sectional images of metabolic activity in body tissue to determine the presence of disease.

Output: Useful in scanning the brain and nervous system for abnormal tissue metabolism consistent with schizophrenia, brain tumors, epilepsy, stroke, and Alzheimers.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] radiography X-rays passed through the body are captured on a film.

Output: Dense structures such as bone appear white, while softer organs appear shades of grey.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Uses CT and a tracer injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissue and organs.

Output: Different from a PET in that the tracer remains in the bloodstream as opposed to absorbed by the surrounding tissue.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] tomography Radiographic technique that produces a cross-sectional image of an area, tissue, or organ at a predetermined depth.

Output: CT, PET, SPECT

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] anastomosis Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another.

Output: End to end, End to side, Side to side

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] radical dissection Surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant and decrease the chance of recurrence.

Output: Mastectomy - Entire breast, surrounding lymph nodes, and sometimes adjacent muscles are removed.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] frozen section biopsy Ultra-thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination.

Output: Used primarily in oncological cases while the patient is still in the operating room. Examination will determine how aggressively the surgeon will treat the patient.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] punch biopsy Removal of a small core of tissue using a punch.

Output: An anesthetic and suturing are usually required for a punch bx.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [chromatin] ultrasound/ultrasonograpgy (US) Imaging procedure using high frequency sound waves that display reflected echoes on a monitor.

Output: Unlike most imaging methods, US creates real-time moving images to view organs and functions of organs in movement. Used for visualizing fetuses, the neck, abdomen, pelvis, brain, and heart.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.


Input: [Prime] Balance theory

Output: The theory that people try to maintain balance among their beliefs, cognitions, and sentiments

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Cognitive dissonance theory

Output: The theory that inconsistencies between a person’s thoughts, sentiments, and actions create an aversive emotional state (dissonance) that lead to efforts to restore consistency.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Effort justification

Output: The tendency to reduce dissonance by finding reasons for why we have devoted time, effort, or money to something that has turned out to be unpleasant or disappointing.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Induced (forced) compliance

Output: Subtly compelling individuals to behave in a manner that is inconsistent with their beliefs, attitudes, or values, which typically leads to dissonance and to a change in their original attitudes or values in order to reduce their dissonance.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Self-affirmation

Output: Bolstering our identity and self-esteem by taking note of important elements of our identity, such as our important values

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Self-perception theory

Output: A theory that people come to know their own attitudes by looking at their behavior and the context in which it occurred and inferring what their attitudes must be.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Interpersonal simulations

Output: Experiments in which an “observer-participant” is given a detailed description of one condition of a dissonance experiment, is told how a participant behaved in that situation, and is asked to predict the attitude of that participant.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Terror management theory (TMT)

Output: The theory that people deal with the potentially paralyzing anxiety that comes with the knowledge of the inevitability of death by striving for symbolic immortality through the preservation of a valued worldview and the conviction that one has lived up to its values and prescriptions

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Attitude

Output: An evaluation of an object in a positive or negative fashion that includes the three elements of affect, cognitions, and behavior

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Likert scale

Output: A numerical scale used to assess people’s attitudes that includes a set of possible answers and that has anchors on each extreme

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Response latency

Output: The time it takes an individual to respond to a stimulus such as an attitude question

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Utilitarian function

Output: An attitudinal function that serves to alert us to rewarding objects and situations we should approach and costly or punishing objects or situations we should avoid

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Ego-depletion function

Output: An attitudinal function that enables us to maintain cherished beliefs about ourselves by protecting us from awareness of our negative attributes and impulses or from facts that contradict our cherished beliefs or desires

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Value-expressive function

Output: An attitudinal function whereby attitudes help us express our most cherished values—usually in groups in which they can be supported and reinforced

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Reference groups

Output: Groups whose opinions matter to us and that affect our opinions and beliefs

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Knowledge function

Output: An attitudinal function whereby attitudes help organize our understanding of the world, guiding how we attend to, store, and receive information

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Heuristic-systematic model

Output: A model of persuasion that maintains that there are two different routes of persuasion: the systematic route and the heuristic route.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Elaboration likelihood model (ELM)

Output: A model of persuasion that maintains that there are two different routes of persuasion: the central route and the peripheral route

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Central (systematic) route

Output: A persuasive route wherein people think carefully and deliberately about the content of a message, attending to its logic, cogency, and arguments, as well as related evidence and principles

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Peripheral (heuristic) route

Output: a persuasive route wherein people attend to relatively simple, superficial cues related to the message, such as the length of the message or the expertise or attractiveness of the communicator.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Source characteristics

Output: Characteristics of the person who delivers the message, including the person’s attractiveness, credibility, and expertise.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Sleeper effect

Output: An effect that occurs when messages from unreliable sources initially exert little influence but later cause individuals attitudes to shift

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Message characteristics

Output: Aspects of the message itself, including the quality of the evidence and the explicitness of its conclusions

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Identifiable victim effect

Output: The tendency to be more moved by the plight of a single, vivid individual than by a more abstract aggregate of individuals

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Receiver characteristics

Output: characteristics of the person who receives the message, including age, mood, personality, and motivation to attend to the message

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Third-person effect

Output: The assumption by most people that “other people” are more prone to being influenced by persuasive messages (such as those in media campaigns) than they themselves are.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Agenda control

Output: Efforts of the media to select certain events and topics to emphasize, thereby shaping which issues and events we think are important.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Thought polarization hypothesis

Output: The hypothesis that more extended thought about a particular issue tends to produce more extreme, entrenched attitudes

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Emotions

Output: brief, specific psychological and physiological responses that help humans meet social goals

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Appraisal process

Output: The ways we evaluate events and objects in our environment according to their relation to our current goals

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Core-relational themes

Output: Distinct themes, such as danger or offense or fairness, that define the essential meaning for each emotion

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Primary appraisal stage

Output: An initial, automatic positive or negative evaluation of ongoing events based on whether they are congruent or incongruent with our goals

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Secondary appraisal stage

Output: A subsequent evaluation in which we determine why we feel the way we do about an event, possible ways of responding to the event, and future consequences of different courses of action

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Principle of serviceable acts

Output: Charles Darwin’s thesis that emotional expressions are remnants of full-blown behaviors that helped our primate and mammalian predecessors meet important goals in the past.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Free-response critique

Output: A critique of Ekman and Friesen’s emotion studies based on the fact that researchers provided the terms with which participants labeled facial expressions rather than allowing the participants to label the expressions with their own words

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Emotion accents

Output: Culturally specific ways that individuals from different cultures express particular emotions, such as the tongue bite as an expression of embarrassment in India

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Focal emotions

Output: Emotions that are especially common within a particular culture

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Hypercognize

Output: to represent a particular emotion with numerous words and concepts

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Display rules

Output: Culturally specific rules that govern how and when and to whom we express emotion

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Infrahumanization

Output: The tendency to attribute animal-like qualities to outgroup members and be reluctant to attribute more complex emotions, such as pride or compassion, to outgroup members

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Feelings-as-information perspective

Output: A theory that since many judgments are too complex for us to thoroughly review all the relevant evidence, we rely on our emotions to provide us with rapid, reliable information about events and conditions within our social environment.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Processing style perspective

Output: A theory that different emotions lead people to reason in different ways—for example, that positive moods facilitate more careful attention to situational details

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Broaden-and-build hypothesis

Output: The hypothesis that positive emotions broaden thought and action repertoires, helping us build social resources

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Output: The glands, organs, and blood vessels throughout the body that are controlled by nerve cells originating in the spinal cord and that regulate the body’s internal environment and help the individual deal with emergency situations

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Two-factor theory of emotion

Output: A theory that there are two components to emotional experience: undifferentiated physiological arousal and a person’s construal of that state of undifferentiated arousal

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Misattribution of arousal

Output: Attributing arousal produced by one cause (for example, exercise) to another stimulus in the environment

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Directed facial action task

Output: A task in which moving emotion-specific facial muscles triggers different autonomic responses

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Duration neglect

Output: The relative unimportance of the length of an emotional experience, be it pleasurable or unpleasant, in judging the overall experience

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Affective forecasting

Output: Predicting our future emotions—for example, whether an event will make us happy or angry or sad, and for how long

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Immune neglect

Output: The tendency to underestimate our capacity to be resilient in responding to difficult life events, which leads us to overestimate the extent to which life’s difficulties will reduce our personal well-being

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Focalism

Output: A tendency to focus too much on a central aspect of an event while neglecting to consider the impact of ancillary aspects of the event or the impact of other events

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Social influence

Output: The myriad ways that people impact one another, including changes in attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and behavior, that result from the comments, actions, or even the mere presence of others

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Conformity

Output: Changing one’s behavior or beliefs in response to explicit or implicit pressure (real or imagined) from others

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Compliance

Output: Responding favorably to an explicit request by another person

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Obedience

Output: In an unequal power relationship, submitting to the demands of the more powerful person

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Ideomotor action

Output: The phenomenon whereby merely thinking about a behavior makes its actual performance more likely

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Autokinetic illusion

Output: The apparent motion of a stationary point of light in a completely darkened environment

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Informational social influence

Output: The influence of other people that results from taking their comments or actions as a source of information about what is correct, proper, or effective.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Normative social influence

Output: The influence of other people that comes from the desire to avoid their disapproval, harsh judgments, and other social sanctions (for example, barbs, ostracism)

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Internalization (private acceptance)

Output: Private acceptance of a proposition, orientation, or ideology

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Public compliance

Output: Agreeing with someone or advancing a position in public, even if we continue to believe something else in private.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Norm of reciprocity

Output: A norm dictating that people should provide benefits to those who benefit them

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Foot-in-the-face technique (reciprocal concessions technique)

Output: Asking someone for a very large favor that he or she will certainly refuse and then following that request with one for a more modest favor (which tends to be seen as a concession that the target will feel compelled to honor).

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] That’s-not-all technique

Output: Adding something to an original offer, which is likely to create some pressure to reciprocate

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Foot-in-the-door technique

Output: A compliance technique in which one makes an initial small request to which nearly everyone complies, followed by a larger request involving the real behavior of interest

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Negative state relief hypothesis

Output: The idea that people engage in certain actions, such as agreeing to a request, in order to relieve negative feelings and to feel better about themselves

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [Prime] Reactance theory

Output: The idea that people reassert their prerogatives in response to the unpleasant state of arousal they experience when they believe their freedoms are threatened.

Social Psychology II Flashcards - Cram.com

To mentally activate a concept and hence make it accessible (also used as a noun—a stimulus presented to activate a concept).


Input: [ciliary body] RPE

Output: the outer pigmented layer of the ciliary body is continuous with what layer in the retina?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] sensory retina

Output: inner non pigmented layer of the ciliary body is continuous with what in the retina?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] inner nonpigmented layer of epi

Output: what produces the aqueous in the ciliary body

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] the choroid

Output: what supplies nutrition to the external half of the retina?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] nourishment

Output: what is the primary function of the uveal tract?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] inflammation of the iris, ciliary body or choroid, (or combination of any of these)

Output: define uveitis

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] in the AC, NOT in the anterior vitreous

Output: with iritis where will the cells be?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] uveitis of iris and ciliary body

Output: what is iridocyclitis

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] pars planitis or peripheral uveitis, it is uveitis that involves the ciliary body or pars plana area.

Output: cyclitis is AKA, and is what?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] uveitis of the iris and choroid

Output: iridochoroiditis is what

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] by which structure if affects. anterior = iris or ciliary body or both. posterior = choroid intermediate = pars planitis = ciliary body, peripheral choroid, retina

Output: historically how is uveitis classified? and name them

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] granulomatous so that means non is acute

Output: which one is chronic, granulomatous or nongranulomatous uveitis?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] granulomatous = fat non = KPs

Output: mutton fat KPs are a part of granulomatous or non granulomatous uveititis? what about fine KPs?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] idiopathic associated systemic inflammatory condition infectious traumatic secondary

Output: name 5 types of etiologies of uveitis

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] reiters syndrome or ankylosing spondylitis

Output: males are more at risk of getting uveitis if they have what conditions?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] sarcoid or juvinile chronic arthritis

Output: women are more inclined to get uveitis if they have what conditions?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] HLA B27

Output: immunologically uveitis has a strong association with diseases that all have what in common. hint its a tissue "type" that is really not a good test

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] acute anterior uveitis

Output: a pt has an acute onset of photophobia, pain in the eye described as an ache or charlie horse, blurred vision, red eye, hyperlacrimation. what is this specifically

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] usually asymptomatic, insidious onset, usually little pain, photophobia usually absent, blurred vision (this is why it is noticed)

Output: what are the symptoms of chronic uveitis?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] it will be reduced and painful

Output: what will you notice about the accommodation of a pt that has anterior uveitis?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] it may have some circumcorneal (perilimbal) flush --> red eye

Output: is the conj involved with uveitis

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] 0-1+ 1 to 5 cell in 30-60 sec 1-2+ 5 to 10 cells 2-3+ cells scattered throughout beam 3-4+ dense cells in beam

Output: what type of reaction or number of cells would you have to see to grade uveitis as 0-1+, 1-2+, 2-3+, or a 3-4+.

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] flare but no cells

Output: some times you can see what in the anterior chamber of a diabetic pt even though they dont have uveitis

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [ciliary body] b/t the iris and the pupil, in the pupil.

Output: where is the best place to see cells in the AC? and flare?

631 - 7 - Anterior uveitis, ocular dz 2, williams Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The basic formula for the price elasticity of demand coefficient is

Output: percentage change in quantity demanded/percentage change in price


Input: Which of the following is not characteristic of the demand for a commodity that is elastic

Output: The elasticity coefficient is less than one


Input: If the demand for bacon is relatively elastic, a 10 percent decline in the price of bacon will

Output: increase the amount demanded by more than 10 percent


Input: The price of product X is reduced from $100 to $90 and, as a result, the quantity demanded increases from 50 to 60 units. Therefore demand for X in this price range

Output: is elastic


Input: The price elasticity of demand for beef is about 0.60. Other things equal, this means that a 20 percent increase in the price of beef will cause the quantity of beef demanded to

Output: decrease by approximately 12 percent


Input: The concept of price elasticity of demand measures

Output: the sensitivity of consumer purchases to price changes


Input: Suppose the price elasticity coefficients of demand are 1.43, 0.67, 1.11, and 0.29 for products W, X, Y, and Z respectively. A 1 percent decrease in price will increase total revenue in the case(s) of

Output: W and Y


Input: In which of the following instances will total revenue decline?

Output: price rises and demand is elastic


Input: Gigantic State University raises tuition for the purpose of increasing its revenue so that more faculty can be hired. GSU is assuming that the demand for education at GSU is:

Output: relatively inelastic


Input: If the demand for farm products is price inelastic, a good harvest will cause farm revenues to

Output: decrease


Input: The total-revenue test for elasticity

Output: does not apply to supply because price and quantity are directly related.


Input: Price elasticity of demand is generally:

Output: greater in the long run than in the short run


Input: The demand for a luxury good whose purchase would exhaust a big portion of one's income is

Output: relatively price elastic


Input: The demand for a necessity whose cost is a small portion of one's total income is

Output: relatively price inelastic


Input: The main determinant of elasticity of supply is the

Output: amount of time the producer has to adjust inputs in response to a price change


Input: A supply curve that is a vertical straight line indicates that

Output: a change in price will have no effect on the quantity supplied


Input: An antidrug policy which reduces the supply of heroin might

Output: increase street crime because the addict's demand for heroin is highly inelastic


Input: Farmers often find that large bumper crops are associated with declines in their gross incomes. This suggests that

Output: the price elasticity of demand for farm products is less than 1


Input: The supply curve of antique reproductions is

Output: A. relatively elastic


Input: Suppose the income elasticity of demand for toys is +2.00. This means that

Output: a 10 percent increase in income will increase the purchase of toys by 20 percent


Input: The formula for cross elasticity of demand is percentage change in

Output: quantity demanded of X/percentage change in price of Y


Input: Cross elasticity of demand measures how sensitive purchases of a specific product are to changes in

Output: the price of some other product


Input: We would expect the cross elasticity of demand between Pepsi and Coke to be

Output: positive, indicating substitute goods


Input: Based on the concept of price elasticity of demand, which of the following cases is most likely to occur?

Output: Colleges charging lower tuition for low-income students


Input: The utility of a good or service

Output: is the satisfaction or pleasure one gets from consuming it


Input: Marginal utility can be

Output: positive, negative, or zero


Input: The law of diminishing marginal utility states that

Output: beyond some point additional units of a product will yield less and less extra satisfaction to a consumer


Input: Marginal utility is the

Output: change in total utility obtained by consuming one more unit of a good


Input: Total utility may be determined by

Output: summing the marginal utilities of each unit consumed


Input: While eating at Alex's "Pizza by the Slice" restaurant, Kara experiences diminishing marginal utility. She gained 10 units of satisfaction from her first slice of pizza consumed, and would only receive 5 units of satisfaction from consuming a second slice.

Output: Alex may have to lower the price to convince Kara to buy a second slice.


Input: The theory of consumer behavior assumes that

Output: consumers behave rationally, attempting to maximize their satisfaction


Input: Suppose that MUx/Px exceeds MUy/Py. To maximize utility the consumer who is spending all her money income should buy

Output: more of X and less of Y


Input: Refer to the above data. If the consumer has a money income of $52 and the prices of J and K are $8 and $4 respectively, the consumer will maximize her utility by purchasing

Output: 4 units of J and 5 units of K


Input: Refer to the above data. What level of total utility is realized from the equilibrium combination of J and K, if the consumer has a money income of $52 and the prices of J and K are $8 and $4 respectively?

Output: 276 utils


Input: Suppose that Ms. Thomson is currently exhausting her money income by purchasing 10 units of A and 8 units of B at prices of $2 and $4 respectively. The marginal utility of the last units of A and B are 16 and 24 respectively. These data suggest that Ms. Thomson

Output: should buy less B and more A


Input: If MUa/Pa = 100/$35 = MUb/Pb = 300/? = MUc/Pc = 400/?, the prices of products b and c in consumer equilibrium

Output: are $105 and $140 respectively


Input: Answer the question on the basis of the following total utility data for products L and M. Assume that the prices of L and M are $3 and $4 respectively and that the consumer's income is $18

Output: 2 of L and 3 of M


Input: Refer to the above data. What level of total utility does the rational consumer realize in equilibrium

Output: 51 utils


Input: The theory of consumer behavior assumes that consumers attempt to maximize

Output: total utility


Input: If the prices of X and Y are $2 and $4 per unit, respectively, and this consumer has $10 in income to spend, to maximize total utility this consumer should buy

Output: 1 units of X and 2 units of Y


Input: How did Apple overcome consumers' diminishing marginal utility for iPods

Output: Apple introduced new features to entice previous buyers to purchase new models


Input: The diamond-water paradox occurs because

Output: the price of a product is related to its marginal utility, not its total utility


Input: Why do credit card companies typically require small minimum payment amounts on their customers' monthly credit card statements

Output: Credit card companies want to increase profits by promoting slower repayment, and actual customer payments will be anchored by the smaller payment requirements


Input: The budget line shows

Output: all possible combinations of two goods that can be purchased, given money income and the prices of the goods


Input: Increases in product prices shift the consumer's

Output: budget line to the left


Input: The slope of a budget line reflects the

Output: price ratio of the two products


Input: Assume the price of product Y (the quantity of which is on the vertical axis) is $15 and the price of product X (the quantity of which is on the horizontal axis) is $3. Also assume that money income is $60. The absolute value of the slope of the resulting budget line

Output: is 1/5


Input: At each point on an indifference curve:

Output: total utility is the same


Input: An indifference curve

Output: is downsloping and convex to the origin


Input: An indifference map implies that

Output: curves farther from the origin yield higher levels of total utility


Input: Assume a diagram in which a budget line is imposed on an indifference map. A consumer will maximize her utility

Output: where the budget line is tangent to an indifference curve


Input: Refer to the above diagram. Suppose the budget line shifts so that the consumer's equilibrium changes from point A to point B. This means that the:

Output: price of Y has decreased


Input: To the economist, total cost includes

Output: explicit and implicit costs, including a normal profit


Input: Accounting profits equal total revenue minus

Output: total explicit costs


Input: Economic profits are calculated by subtracting

Output: explicit and implicit costs from total revenue


Input: Normal profit is

Output: the return to the entrepreneur when economic profits are zero


Input: Suppose that a business incurred implicit costs of $200,000 and explicit costs of $1 million in a specific year. If the firm sold 4,000 units of its output at $300 per unit, its accounting profits were

Output: . $200,000 and its economic profits were zero.


Input: To economists, the main difference between the short run and the long run is that:

Output: in the long run all resources are variable, while in the short run at least one resource is fixed


Input: The basic characteristic of the short run is that

Output: barriers to entry prevent new firms from entering the industry


Input: The law of diminishing returns indicates that

Output: as extra units of a variable resource are added to a fixed resource, marginal product will decline beyond some point


Input: Which of the following statements concerning the relationships between total product (TP), average product (AP), and marginal product (MP) is not correct?

Output: AP continues to rise so long as TP is rising


Input: Which of the following is correct?

Output: Marginal product rises faster than average product and also falls faster than average product.


Input: Refer to the above data. When two workers are employed

Output: total product is 18


Input: Which of the following is correct as it relates to cost curves?

Output: Marginal cost intersects average total cost at the latter's minimum point


Input: Assume that in the short run a firm is producing 100 units of output, has average total costs of $200, and average variable costs of $150. The firm's total fixed costs are:

Output: $5,000


Input: Average total cost is

Output: total fixed cost plus total variable cost divided by quantity of output


Input: If marginal cost is

Output: rising, then average total cost could be either falling or rising


Input: Economies and diseconomies of scale explain

Output: why the firm's long-run average total cost curve is U-shaped


Input: . If marginal cost is

Output: . rising, then average total cost could be either falling or rising


Input: When diseconomies of scale occur

Output: the long-run average total cost curve rises


Input: Which of the following is not a source of economies of scale

Output: inelastic resource supply curves


Input: Diseconomies of scale arise primarily because

Output: of the difficulties involved in managing and coordinating a large business enterprise


Input: A cost that cannot be partly or fully recovered through any subsequent action is known as a

Output: . sunk cost.


Input: The minimum efficient scale of a firm

Output: is the smallest level of output at which long-run average total cost is minimized


Input: When a firm does more of something, it gets better at it. This learning-by-doing is

Output: a source of economies of scale


Input: [Acetabulum] Arter of round ligament (branch of obturator) & branches of lateral and medial circumflex femoral

Output: Blood supply to head of femur


Input: [Acetabulum] Important in childhood, not so much in adult

Output: Importance of artery of round ligament


Input: [Acetabulum] Medial circumflex a.

Output: Primary blood supply to femoral head in adults


Input: [Acetabulum] Neck

Output: Common femoral fracture location


Input: [Acetabulum] Lesser

Output: Which trochanter points medially


Input: [Acetabulum] Iliopsas

Output: Muscle attachments to lesser trochanter


Input: [Acetabulum] Gluteal, piriformis, obturator internus

Output: Muscle attachments to greater trochanter


Input: [Acetabulum] -Iliofemoral ligament -Anterior

Output: -Attachment to interotrochanteric line -Location of interotrochanteric line


Input: [Acetabulum] -Posteriorly -Quadratus femoris

Output: Intertrochanteric crest -Location -Attachements


Input: [Acetabulum] -Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments -Higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury

Output: Intercondylar notch allows for passage of ______ --narrow notch correlated with


Input: [Acetabulum] Patella

Output: Biggest sesamoid bone in the body


Input: [Acetabulum] totally surrounded by tendon

Output: Sesamoid means


Input: [Acetabulum] Articulation with tibia (no articulation with fibia)

Output: Condyles on femur are for:


Input: [Acetabulum] Transmit weight

Output: Trabecular bone function


Input: [Acetabulum] Lumbosacral plexus, lateral brach of subcostal

Output: Cutaneous innervation is all branches of ________, except ______


Input: [Acetabulum] Crural fascia

Output: Fascia lata changes name to _____ after knee


Input: [Acetabulum] -Femoral (except pectineus) -Flex hip, extend knee -Directly off femoral & deep femoral

Output: Anterior compartment -Nerve -Generalized function -Blood supply


Input: [Acetabulum] 1. Sartorius 2. Inguinal ligament 3. Adductor longus

Output: Femoral triangle boundaries (SIA) 1. 2. 3.


Input: [Acetabulum] 1. Pectineus 2. Iliopsas 3. Adductor longus

Output: Floor of femoral triangle (PIA)


Input: [Acetabulum] Femoral -Nerve -Artery -Vein -Lymphatics

Output: Contents of femoral triangle (Lateral to medial: NAVL)


Input: [Acetabulum] -Femoral a. -Femoral v. -Lymphatic nodes *nerve lies most lateral, outside of femoral sheath

Output: Femoral sheath contents -Lateral compartment -Middle -Medial *Nerve location


Input: [Acetabulum] Wholes made by lymph nodes

Output: Cribriform fascia named for


Input: [Acetabulum] 1. Sartorius 2. Gracilis 3. Semitendonosis

Output: Tendons at the Pes Ancerinus [Beauty Queen - Sash, Graceful, Tall] 1. 2. 3.


Input: [Acetabulum] Femoral vessels

Output: Only things passing through adductor hiatus


Input: [Acetabulum] 1. Saphenous n. 2. Femoral vessels 3. Descending genicular a. 4. Nerve to vastus medialis

Output: Structures passing through adductor canal


Input: [Acetabulum] Apex of femoral triangle; adductor hiatus

Output: Adductor canal extends from____, ends at _____


Input: [Acetabulum] 1/2 way between pubic tubercle and anterior superior iliac spine

Output: To find femoral pulse, feel:


Input: [Quasi Contract] Implied Contract

Output: one formed by an indication of assent other than specific words; using water and light indicates acceptance of utility services

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Void Contract

Output: an agreement that had no legal effect and was invalid from the start, such as an agreement to commit murder

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Voidable Contract

Output: One or both parties may chose to avoid or may ratify; applied to contracts of minors

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Unenforceable contract

Output: One that cannot be enforced because of the defenses to the contract; ex. statute of limitations

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Executory Contract

Output: one in which some obligation or duty remains to be done by one or more parties

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Executed Contract

Output: A contract in which all parties have fully performed their obligations

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Three criteria to create a valid, enforceable contract

Output: 1) existence of MUTUAL ASSENT 2) existence of CONSIDERATION 3) absence of DEFENSES that would prevent enforcement of the contract

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Criteria for "mutual assent"

Output: The terms of the offer must be DEFINITE and CERTAIN (identify of offeree and and a definite subject matter). It must also be communicated to the offerree. There must be an offer and acceptance

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are things that constitute a termination of an offer

Output: 1) Revocation 2) Rejection 3) Lapse of Time 4) Termination of Operation of Law

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Name the types of limitations on revocation powers

Output: 1. Option 2. UCC Firm Offer 3. Detrimental Reliance 4. Part Performance of a Unilateral Contract

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is an OPTION?

Output: It is an independent contract in which the offeror received separate consideration from the offeree to keep an offer open for a stated period of time.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is a UCC FIRM OFFER?

Output: A firm offer by a merchant to buy or sell goods, represented by a signed writing that promises to hold the offer open for a stated time, cannot be revoked for lack of consideration during that time.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is DETRIMENTAL RELIANCE?

Output: Detrimental reliance prevents revocation of an offer for a reasonable time when the offeror should expect that the offeree would rely on the offer to his or her detriment.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is PAST PERFORMANCE OF A UNILATERAL CONTRACT?

Output: Where a performance has been started but is not complete, it would be unfair to allow the offeror to revoke the offer

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] 3 Common Law Rules regarding acceptance of a contract

Output: 1. Statements by the offeree that make implicit terms explicit do not prevent acceptance 2. A grumbling acceptance is valid 3. A request for clarification does not necessarily indicate a rejection and counteroffer

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] UCC rules regarding acceptance

Output: 1. Consistent terms - the additional terms proposed in the offerree's acceptance become terms of the resulting contract (do not materially alter the contract) 2. Inconsistent terms - the additional terms proposed materially alter the contract 3. Either party can avoid effects of 2-207 - Either offeror or offeree can respond with clear rejection and counter-offer

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is UCC 2-207?

Output: Unlike common law rules, this says that a proposal of additional terms by the offerree does not constitute a rejection

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] How ACCEPTANCE is communicated

Output: 1. Common law 2. UCC and Second Restatement 3. Mailbox rule 4. Acceptance by Unauthorized Method 5 Crossing offers

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] How can someone accept a contract without communication?

Output: 1. Express waiver 2. Silence as acceptance

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] How can you accept a contract with silence?

Output: 1. the offerree had a reasonable opportunity to reject them 2. offerree should have known that the offeror expect to be compensated

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is an express waiver?

Output: An offer, by its terms, may waive any communication of acceptance.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is the mailbox rule?

Output: Acceptance by mail or by a similar medium creates a contract at the moment of posting, properly and stamped unless 1) the offer stipulates that acceptance is not effective until received 2) An option contract is involved (acceptance under an option contract is effective only upon receipt)

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] How can one accept a contract under common law?

Output: Whether an acceptance became effective upon dispatch or upon receipt depended upon whether the offeree use an authorized method of communication under common law rules

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] How can one accept a contract by unauthorized method?

Output: If an acceptance is sent by an unauthorized method (or improperly sent by an authorized method), it still may be effective if it is actually received by the offeror while the offer remains open.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] How can one accept a contract through UCC and Second Restatement rules?

Output: Under UCC, an offer may be accepted by any "medium reasonable in the circumstances." The offeror still may limit acceptance to a particular method but must do so clearly.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] How can one accept a contract through crossing offers?

Output: If offers containing exactly the same terms cross in the mail, they do not create a contract despite the apparent mutual assent. An offer cannot be accepted until there is knowledge that is has been made

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are the two requirement for consideration?

Output: 1. There must be a bargained-for exchange between the two parties 2. The bargained-for exchange must provide some benefit to the promise or must provide some detriment to the promisee

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] When is a promise supported by consideration?

Output: 1. The promise gibes up something of value or restricts his liberty in some way (suffers a legal detriment); and 2. The promisor makes the promise as part of a bargaining process; he makes the promise in exchange for the promisee's giving of value or restriction of liberty

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Types of BARGAINED-FOR EXCHANGES that lack consideration

Output: 1) Gift 2) Past Consideration or Moral Obligation

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Bargained-for exchanges that may be enforceable

Output: 1) Technical Defense - if the past obligation would be enforceable except that a technical defense stands in the way, many courts will enforce the new promises if it's in writing or has been partially performed 2) Promise to Pay for Past Requested Act - both requested and unrequested acts

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Preexisting legal duty

Output: The traditional rule has been that the promise to perform (or the performance of a preexisting legal duty is not sufficient to create a contract

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are the three exceptions for preexisting legal duty's inability to possess consideration?

Output: 1. New or different consideration - if the promisee gives someting new in return for the promise she now seeks to enforce or agrees t ovary her preexisting duty in some way, there is consideration 2. Honest dispute as to duty - if the scope of the legal duty owed is the subject of honest dispute, then a modifying agreement relating to it will be given effect 3. UCC Exception

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Types of legal value

Output: A. Exceptions fo preexisting to legal duty B. Existing Debts C. Forbearance to Sue

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are the components of consideration?

Output: 1. Bargained-For Exchange 2. Legal Value 3. Mutuality of Consideration

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are substitutions for consideration?

Output: 1. Promises under seal 2. Promises in writing 3. Promises to pay obligation barred by law 4. Promissory Estoppel

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Promise Under Seal

Output: Substitute for Consideration Common law recognized the seal (a wax impression of notary's mark) as a substitute for consideration

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Promise In Writing

Output: Substitute for Consideration A promise in writing may be enforced despite the absence of consideration in a few states simply because it is in writing,

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Promise to Pay Obligations Barred by Law

Output: Substitute for Consideration

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Promissory Estoppel

Output: Substitute for Consideration

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are the three criteria to enforce a claim of promissory estoppel?

Output: 1) the promisor reasonably should have expected to induce action or forbearance on the part of the promisee 2) of definite and substantial character; and 3) the action or forbearance occurs

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Mutuality of Consideration

Output: 1. Requirements and Output Contracts 2) Conditional Promises 3. Right to Cancel or Withdraw 4. Best Efforts Implied 5. Voidable Promises 6. Unilateral or Option Contracts 7. Choice of alternative contracts

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are contract defenses?

Output: 1. lack of capacity 2. lack of consent 3. Mistake 4. Illegality 5. Unconscionability 6. Statute of Frauds 7. Third Party Beneficiary Contracts 8 Assignment of Rights 9. Assignment Requirements 10. Delegation of Duties 11. Attack on validity 12. To Clarify ambiguity 13. To refute consideration 14. Subsequent Modifcation 15. UCC Rule

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What constitutes "lack of consent"

Output: Type of contract defense 1. Finding of duress 2. Undue influence 3. Misrepresentation 4. Fraud

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Types of mistakes

Output: A type of contract defense 1. mutual mistake 2. unilateral mistake 3. mistake in transmission 4. mistake in value

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is a mistake (as a contract defense)?

Output: An assumption that is different from the facts.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is undue influence?

Output: A type of lack of consent It results when the will of the dominant person is substituted for the will of the victim. Undue influence exists when a confidential relationship is used to create and unfair bargain for the victim.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is misrepresentation?

Output: A type of lack of consent The innocent or negligent misstatement of a material fact made by one party and relied upon by the other party as is basis for entering into an agreement to his or her damage.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant