Input: streptolysin O

Output: The prototype heterogeneous pore-forming toxin.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: extracellular matrix

Output: Where is the location of action of exoenzymes?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: toxoids

Output: Chemically inactivated toxins used to vaccinate against several diseases.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: Type III cytotoxins

Output: These type of toxins, which modulate intracellular targets, are secreted by a contact-dependent mechanism.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: Simple Squamous epithelium location

Output: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity.

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: Simple Cuboidal epithelium function

Output: Secretion and absorption

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: Simple Cuboidal epithelium location

Output: Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface.

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: Simple columnar epithelium function

Output: absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances, ciliated type propels mucus by cilliary action

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: Simple columnar epithelium location

Output: nociliated type lines most of the digestive tract, gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of uterus.

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium function

Output: secretion, particularly of mucus, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action.

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium location

Output: nonciliated type in males sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract.

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: Stratified squamous epithelium location

Output: nonkeratinized type forms moist linings of the esophagus, mouth and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of skin a dry membrane.

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: Stratified squamous epithelium function

Output: protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: Stratified cuboidal epithelium location

Output: largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: stratified cuboidal epithelium function

Output: protection

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: stratified columnar epithelium function

Output: protection; secretion

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: stratified columnar epithelium location

Output: small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: transitional epithelium function

Output: stretches readily and permits distention of urinary organ by contained urine

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: transitional epithelium location

Output: line the ureter, bladder, and part of the urethra

Allows passages of materials by diffusion and filtration Secretes lubricating substances in serosae


Input: What happens to the body when homeostasis breaks down?

Output: When homeostasis breaks down, organ systems cannot perform their functions and disease or death may occur.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Why is positive feedback helpful in blood clotting, but unsuitable for the regulation of body temperature?

Output: Positive feedback increases any change from the desired condition, so it is helpful in situations that need to be resolved quickly (such as a bleeding wound) but it would be dangerous for the regulation of body temperature. If a slight fever occured, the body temperature would continue to rise quickly into dangerous levels.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: The study of the structure of tissue is called...

Output: histology

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: The increasingly forceful labor contractions during childbirth are an example of...

Output: positive feedback

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Failure of homeostatic regulation in the body results in...

Output: disease

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Define anatomy

Output: Anatomy is the study of the internal and external structures and the relationships between body parts.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Define physiology

Output: Physiology is the study of how organisms perform their vital functions.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What distinguishes autoregulation from extrinsic regulation?

Output: Autoregulation is more local. Cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems change automatically in response to environmental change. Extrinsic regulation is controlled by the nervous or endocrine system and results in more extensive responses.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Which is NOT an example of negative feedback?

Output: A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: A hormone is released in response to increased levels of calcium in the blood. This is controlled by negative feedback. What happens to the calcium levels?

Output: They lower.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: On a warm day your body temperature is 1.5 degrees below normal. Why?

Output: Hormones may have decreased the metabolic rate, therefore decreasing heat. Or an infection has temporarily changed the setpoint of the body's "thermostat."

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Which kind of bond holds atoms in a water molecule together? What attracts water molecules to one another?

Output: 1. Polar covalent bonds hold atoms together. 2. Hydrogen bonds attract water molecules to one another.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Why does a solution of table salt conduct electricity, but a sugar solution does not?

Output: Because table salt disassociates into charged ions in water, which carry electrical charges. Sugar does not disassociate in water because it is held together with covalent bonds.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: How does an antacid help decrease stomach discomfort?

Output: Antacids are weak bases that help neutralize an overly acidic stomach.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: A food contains organic molecules with the elements C, H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1. What class of compounds do these molecules belong to, and what are their major functions in the body?

Output: They are carbohydrates and they are mainly used as an energy source.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction, which types of molecules are formed?

Output: Disaccharides are formed.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Which kind of lipid would be found in a sample of fatty tissue taken from beneath the skin?

Output: A triglyceride

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Which lipids would you find in a human cell membrane?

Output: Mostly phospholipids, but also glycolipids and cholesterol.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Proteins are chains of which small organic molecules?

Output: Amino acids

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Which level of protein structure would be affected by an agent that breaks hydrogen bonds?

Output: The secondary level

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Why does boiling a protein affect its structural and functional properties?

Output: The heat breaks the bonds that form the tertiary and/or quaternary structure. This affects the ability of the protein to perform its normal functions. It's called denaturation.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: How might a change in an enzyme's active site affect its function?

Output: If the substrate fits better, the enzyme activity would increase. If the substrate can no longer bind or binds poorly, enzyme activity will decrease or be inhibited.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: A large organic molecule composed of the sugar ribose, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate groups is which kind of nucleic acid?

Output: It is an RNA molecule. DNA contains deoxyribose instead of ribose.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What molecule is produced by the phosphorylation of ADP?

Output: ATP

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: All organic compounds in the human body contain all of the following elements except...

Output: calcium (they contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen)

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: All the chemical reactions that occur in the human body are collectively referred to as...

Output: metabolism

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: A pH of 7.8 in the human body typifies a condition called....

Output: alkalosis (normal human pH range is 7.35-7.45)

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: A ___ is a solute that dissociates to release hydrogen ions, and a ___ is a solute that removes hydrogen ions from solution.

Output: acid, base

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Chemical reactions in the human body are controlled by special catalytic molecules called...

Output: enzymes

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What 4 major classes of organic compounds are found in the body?

Output: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What 3 basic components make up DNA? And RNA?

Output: Deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogenous bases (ATCG) Ribose, phosphate, nitrogenous bases (AUCG)

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What 3 components are required to create the high-energy compound ATP?

Output: Adenosine, phoshpate groups, and appropriate enzymes

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Explain how enzymes function in chemical reactions.

Output: They are specialized protein catalysts that lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction. They speed up reactions but are not used up or changed in the process.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What is a salt? How does a salt differ from an acid or base?

Output: An ionic compound consisting of any cations other than Hydrogen and any anions other than Hydroxide. Acids release Hydrogen ions and bases remove Hydrogen ions (usually by releasing Hydroxide)

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Explain the differences between nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and ionic bonds.

Output: Nonpolar covalent bonds have an equal sharing of electrons. Polar covalent bonds have an unequal sharing of electrons. Ionic bonds lose and/or gain electrons.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: The hydrogen bonding that occurs in water is responsible for all of the following except...

Output: the ability of water to dissolve nonpolar substances (it does include the high boiling point and low freezing point of water, the ability to dissolve inorganic salts, and the surface tension of water)

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: A sample that contains an organic molecule has the following constituents: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Is it more likely to be a carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid?

Output: Nucleic acid. Carbs & lipids don't have nitrogen. Proteins have nitrogen, but only nucleic acids usually have phosphorus.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: A buffer system involves carbon dioxide CO2 and bicarbonate ion HCO3- in the reaction CO2+H20>H2CO3>H(+)+HCO3- If a person becomes excited and exhales large amounts of CO2, how will the pH of the person's body be affected?

Output: The equilibrium will shift to the left, and the level of H(+) will decrease. This will cause the pH to rise.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its ability to form a physical barrier between the cell's internal and external environments?

Output: the phospholipid bilayer

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Which type of integral protein allows water and small ions to pass through the cell membrane?

Output: channel proteins

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Cells lining the small intestine have numerous finger-like projections on their free surface. What are these structures and what is there function?

Output: They are microvilli and they increase the cell's surface area to improve absorption

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Cells in the ovaries and testes contain large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Why?

Output: SER synthesizes lipids such as steroids. They produce large amounts of steroid hormones.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What does the presence of many mitochondria imply about a cell's energy requirements?

Output: high demand for energy, mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP molecules

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: 5 important characteristics of epithelial tissue are...

Output: 1. Cellularity 2. Polarity 3. Attachment 4. Avascularity 5. Regeneration

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Epithelial surface with a lot of microvilli. What is its probable function?

Output: absorption

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What is the functional significance of gap junctions?

Output: small molecules and ions can pass from cell to cell. Helps coordinate functions

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: The secretory cells of sebacous glands fill with secretions and then rupture, releasing their contents. Which mode of secretion is this?

Output: holocrine secretion

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: A gland has no ducts to carry the glandular secretions, and the gland's secretions are released directly into the extracellular fluid. Which type of gland is this?

Output: endocrine gland

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Lack of vitamin C in the diet interferes with the ability of fibroblasts to produce collagen. What effect might this have on connective tissue?

Output: weak and prone to damage, collagen provides strength to connective tissue

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Which type of connective tissue contains primarily triglycerides?

Output: adipose (fat) tissue

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Cell membranes are said to be...

Output: selectively permeable

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: The organelle responsible for a variety of functions centering around the synthesis of lipids and carbs is

Output: the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Our somatic cell nuclei contain ___ pairs of chromosomes

Output: 23

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What are 4 general functions of the cell membrane?

Output: 1. Physical isolation 2. Regulation of exchange with the env. 3. Sensitivity 4. Structural support

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Microvilli are found...

Output: in cells that are actively engaged in absorption

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a relatively limited number of functions are called...

Output: tissues

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Matrix is a characteristic of which type of tissue?

Output: connective

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Functions of connective tissue include

Output: establishing a structural framework for the body & providing protection for delicate organs

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Axons, dendrites, and a cell body are characteristic of cells located in...

Output: neural tissue

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.

Output: Endocrine secrete hormones onto the surface of the gland or directly into the surrounding fluid. Exocrine secrete via ducts.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What 3 methods do the glands use to secrete their products?

Output: merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Why are the tight junctions near the exposed surfaces of cells lining the digestive tract important?

Output: they block the passage of water and solutes between the cells, they keep enzymes, acids, and waste products from damaging delicate underlying tissues

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Describe the fluid connective tissues in the body. Compare them with supporting connective tissues. What are the main differences?

Output: They have a liquid, watery matrix. They have many soluble proteins and do not have insoluble fibers.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: How could you tell the difference between an apocrine and a merocrine secretion?

Output: Apocrine would have cell membrane components, merocrine wouldn't

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: How does the nucleus control the activities of the cell?

Output: Nucleus contains DNA, which codes for polypeptide and protein production. Some proteins are structural, some are enzymes, which control all the cell's activities

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What process would be affected by the lack of the enzyme RNA polymerase?

Output: The cell would not be able to transcribe RNA from DNA

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Which nucleotide sequence would the complementary mRNA strand have from this DNA strand: CTC-ATA-CGA-TTC-AAG-TTA. How many amino acids are coded?

Output: GAG-UAU-GCU-AAG-UUC-AAU 6 amino acids

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Shedding of cells from the oter layer of skin on the scalp come from which epidermal layer?

Output: the stratum corneum

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: A splinter in the 3rd layer of the epidermis is in which layer?

Output: the stratum granulosum

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Why does swimming in fresh water for an extended period cause epidermal swelling?

Output: fresh water is hypotonic, so it moves into the cells by osmosis

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Does sanding the figertips permanently remove fingerprints? Why or why not?

Output: the ridges are formed in layers that are constantly regenerated, so they will reappear eventually, the patterns come from the dermis

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Why does exposure to sunlight or sunlamps darken skin?

Output: UV radiation causes melanocytes to produce melanin, darkening the skin

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Why does the skin of a fair-skinned person appear red during exercise in hot weather?

Output: blood is delivered to the superficial dermis to eliminate heat

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Why do people who don't get any sunlight have problems with their bones?

Output: the hormone cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is needed to form healthy bones and teeth, UV light begins the synthesis of it

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Where are the capillaries and sensory neurons that supply the epidermis located?

Output: in the papillary layer of the dermis

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What accounts for the ability of the dermis to undergo repeated stretching?

Output: elastic fibers and the resilience of skin turgor allow the dermis to stretch and recoil

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: The 2 major components of the integumentary system are...

Output: the cutaneous membrane and the accessory structures

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Begin at the basal lamina and toward the surface... the layers are

Output: germinativum, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Which is not a function of the integumentary system

Output: synthesis of vitamin C

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Exposure of the skin to UV light...

Output: can result in damage to the DNA of cells in the stratum germinativum

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: The 2 major components of the dermis are the...

Output: papillary layer and reticular layer

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: The cutaneous plexus and papillary plexus consist of...

Output: a network of arteries providing the dermal blood supply

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: The stratum corneum of the nail root, which extends over the exposed nail, is called the...

Output: eponychium

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: Muscle weakness and a reduction in bone strength in the elderly result from decreased...

Output: vitamin D3 production

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: In which layer(s) of the epidermis does cell division occur?

Output: stratum germinativum

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What 2 major layers constitute the dermis and what components are in each layer?

Output: papillary layer- loose connective tissue, capillaries, sensory neurons reticular layer- dense irregular connective tissue & bundles of collagen fibers Both contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, & nerve fibers

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: In clinical practice, drugs can be delivered by diffusion across the skin (transdermal administration). Why are fat-soluble drugs more suitable for this than water soluble?

Output: they pass through the permeability membrane better, water-soluble drugs are hydrophobic and don't penetrate the barrier easily

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What are the benefits of a tan?

Output: melanin helps prevent skin damage by absorbing UV radiation before it reaches deep layers or damages nuclear DNA

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: The darker an individual's skin color...

Output: the more melanin their melanocytes produce

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: In order for bacteria to cause an infection in the skin, what don't they have to accomplish?

Output: penetration to the level of the capillaries

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What does sunlight do to promote bone maintenance and growth?

Output: UV radiation converts a cholesterol related steroid into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), this is then converted into calcitrol, which is needed for calcium and phosphorus absorption

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: What can be done if a child can't get enough sunlight to minimize impaired maintenance and growth of bone?

Output: they can drink milk, which is fortified with cholecalciferol

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Homeostatic prevents changes in the body's internal environment that could prevent physiological systems from working properly.


Input: [Proprioception] Haemophilus influenzae

Output: Most often the cause of Acute Otitis Media

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Streptococcus pneumoniae

Output: Most often the cause of Acute Otitis Media

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Proteus Kelebsiella

Output: This gram negative bacteria, is most often the cause of CHRONIC Otitis Media.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Pseudomonas

Output: This gram negative bacteria, is most often the cause of CHRONIC Otitis Media.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Allergy, Mycoplasma

Output: and viruses also may be causative factors for Otitis Media. Otitis Media is often preceded by an upper respiratory infection.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What often predisposes infants to Otitis media infection?

Output: The small diameter and horizontal orientation of the eustachian tube.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Pneumoncoccal otitis media may spread to where?

Output: The meninges

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Obstruction of the eustachian tube and accumulation of exudate may increase what?

Output: Pressure within the middle ear, forcing infection into the mastoid bone or rupturing the tympanic membrane.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Name 6 interventions for Otitis media.

Output: Antimicrobial therapy, analgesics, local heat, nasal decongestants, needle aspiration of secretions collected behind the membrane, and myringotomy.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] One method of prophaylaxis against otitis media?

Output: Use vaporizors and decongestants during an URI

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Sx of Labyrinthitis?

Output: Vertigo, tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss on the affacted side. Distruction of the cochlea or labyrinth cause permanent deafness.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What happens if you end up with Otosclerosis?

Output: Most common in women, esp. pregnant women. Most common cause of conductive hearing loss, Fixation of ossicles reduces or prevents sound waves to transmit to the inner ear fluids.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What happens if you have Meniere's disease?

Output: Tinnitus and vertigo

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Endolymphatic Hydrops is also known as?

Output: Meniere's disease. This is an unilateral fluctuating hearing loss. Sesorineural.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] How is Menirere's disease treated?

Output: antihistamines, antiemetics, benzodiazepines, diuretics, tranquilizers, vasoactive agents, and oral niacin.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What are the effects of Macular Degeneration?

Output: Deterioration of the maculae of the retina and chorioid of the eye. Retinitis pigmentosa, Loss of CENTRAL VISION related to atrophy or deterioration of the macula. Peripereral vision REMAINS. This is associated with aging.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What are the sx of CATARACTs?

Output: Loss of transparency. A gray-white opacity can be seen within the lens, behind the pupil.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] When do Degenerative changes most often occur?

Output: After age 50.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Is Cataracts inherited?

Output: Yes, there is a tendency.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] A viral infection during the 1st trimester of gestation can cause what with the eyes?

Output: Congenital cataracts - usually hereditary may be caused by viral infection during the first trimester of gestation. The soft cataracts of children and young adults may either be incised and drained or fragmented by ultrasound, followed by irrigation and aspiration of the fragments through a minute incision.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What is the leading cause of blindness in adults under 40?

Output: Retinopathy - noninflammatory eye disorder resulting from changes in the retinal blood vessels, ex due to poorly controlled diabetes.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Elevated pressure within the eye is?

Output: Glaucoma- an abnormal condition. Usually because of obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor may be acute or chronic (more common).

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What causes Acute Glaucoma?

Output: Pupil in an eye with a narrow angle b/t iris and cornea dialates markedly, causing the folded iris to block the exit of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Symtoms of Acute Glaucoma are?

Output: Extreme ocular pain, blurred vision, a red eye, and a dilated pupil. N &V may occur.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Treatment of Acute Glaucoma is?

Output: Eye drops to constrict the pupil and draw the iris away from the cornea. Mannitol, glycerol, acetazolamide, surgical iridectomy (an incision through the cornea to produce a filtraion pathway for aqueous humor.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] An occular emergency is?

Output: Acute angle Closure Glaucoma. Results in rapid visual impairment. Sudden attack of increased intraocular pressure with a bulging iris.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Between Acute angle closure glaucoma and Chronic open angle or wide angle glaucoma, which is most common?

Output: Chronic open angle or wide angle glaucoma is most common. Often bilateral. Develops slowly and is genetically determined.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] SX of Chronic open angle or wide angle glaucoma

Output: Cupping of the optic discs. HALOS AROUND LIGHTS. central blindness. Elevated intraocular pressure by tonometry. Slow LOSS OF PERIPHERAL VISION.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] RX for Chronic open angle or wide angle glaucoma

Output: miotic eye drops such as pilocarpine, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, epinephrine eye drops, timolol, beta adrenergic blocking agent.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What causes Conjunctivitis?

Output: bacterial, viral or an allergy, or environmental.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] DX of Conjunctivitis?

Output: microscopic examination or bacteriologic culture of the discharge.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Opthalmia neonatorum

Output: A frequent cause is a gonococcal infection, which may lead to blindness if untreated. Also called Conjunctivitis.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] SX of Retinal Detachment are?

Output: PainLESS (the retina does not contain sensory nerves that relay sensations of pain). Floaters, Flashing lights, As long as the center of the retina is unaffected, the vision, when looking straight ahead, is normal. When the center is affected, the eyesight is distorted, wavy, and indistinct. Total blindness can occur if the process is not halted.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] RX of Retinal detachment?

Output: Surgical will not spontaneously heal. Use of laser to form scar and close the detached area.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Antaligic Gait

Output: abnormality in the heel strike through push-off action

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Lurch

Output: Swing phase abnormality

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What is the 2nd leading cause of death in the elderly?

Output: Falls

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] DYSEQUILIBRIUM

Output: Unsteadyiness, imbalance, gait disturbance. A feeling primarily involving the trunk and lower extremities rather than the head, that a fall is imminent.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] The dB range for Moderately severe hearing loss is?

Output: 56 to 70 dB range

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] The dB range for severely impaired hearing loss is?

Output: 70 to 90 dB range

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] The dB range for Profoundly deaf is?

Output: greater than 91 dB.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Define Visual Impairment?

Output: decreased acuity, blurred vision, double vision, blind spots, halos, photosensitivity, etc.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Neurovascular Deficits is?

Output: impaired pain perception and perception of temparature changes in extremities. Paresthesia - burning, prickling, tingling sensation.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What is the method of distinguishing conductive from sensorineural hearing loss?

Output: RINNE TEST

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What are the Rinne Fork cycles?

Output: 256, 512, 1024, placed 1/2" from the external auditory meatus and again with the vibrating stem placed over the mastoid.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Using the Rinne test how Sensorineural loss is detected ?

Output: RINNE test, the sound is heard longer by air conduction.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Using the Rinne test how Conductive hearing loss is determined?

Output: RINNE test the sound is heard longer by bone conduction.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] How is auditory acuity tested?

Output: WEBER TEST - the test is performed by placing the stem of a vibrating 256 Hz tuning fork in the center of the forehead, the midline vertex, or on the maxillary incisors.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Using the WEBER test how Conductive hearing loss is determined?

Output: the loss of sound is louder in the affected ear, because it does not hear ordinary background noise through the air and receives only vibrations by bone conduction.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Using the WEBER test how Sensorineural loss is detected ?

Output: in one ear, the unaffected ear perceives the sound as louder.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Using the WEBER test how is normal hearing detected ?

Output: The loudness of the sound is equal in both ears.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Air-Puff Tonometer

Output: does NOT touch the eye, records deflections of the cornea from a puff of pressurized air.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Schiotz impression and the Aplanation tonometers do what?

Output: record the pressure needed to indent or flatten the corneal surface. Elevated pressure reveals glaucoma.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] What is the ROMBERG test?

Output: an indication of loss of the sense of position in which the patient loses balance when standing erect, feet together, eyes closed.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Myotic Meds do what?

Output: CONSTRICT THE PUPIL

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Driatics Meds do what?

Output: DDDDDDDialate the pupil

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Postop care for Myringotomy

Output: LIE ON THE AFFECTED SIDE TO IMPROVE DRAINAGE FROM THE MIDDLE EAR. Special care when bathing, swimming

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Preop/Postop care for Cataract removal

Output: Eye medication to prepare the eye for surgery. Implantaion of an intraocular lens. Use of a patch over the affected eye, MIOTIC eye drops and cold compresses for discomfort. LAYING FACE DOWN POST OP.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Maggie works in a very noisy machine shop for 28 years before retirement. She now has a hearing loss which has been determined to be work-related. Which type of deafness is she most likely to have? Otosclerosis, sensorineural, conduction, tinnitus

Output: sensorineural

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Which sx is most common in patients with a detached retina? 1-bright flashes of light 2-sudden blindness 3-burning eye pain 3-continual mucous secretion from the eye

Output: 1-bright flashes of light

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Peggy Sue is a 4yr old who has just undergone insertion of tympanostomy tubes. Her parents should be given all of the following advice except: 1-Keep ears as dry as possible during bathing 2-When ABX are prescribed, administer the med for the full length of prescribed treatment. 3-Notify the DR or emergency rm. ASAP if a tube falls out. 4- If the ear is draing, the external canal may be cleansed with cotton swabs which have been soaked in hydrogen peroxide.

Output: 3-Notify the DR or emergency rm. ASAP if a tube falls out.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Trabeculoplasty

Output: Done in the doctor's office to remove the flow of fluids out of the eye (Glaucoma pts)

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Proprioception] Trabeculectomy

Output: creates new drainage path in the eye for Glaucoma patients. Usually under the eyelid. This must be done in an operating room.

Sensory Cards hearing and sight Flashcards - Cram.com

meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the six exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance) by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.


Input: [Call] Call market

Output: A market in which trades occur only at a particular time and place (i.e., when the market is called).

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Call money rate

Output: The interest rate that buyers pay for their margin loan.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Callable (or redeemable) common shares

Output: Shares that give the issuing company the option (or right), but not the obligation, to buy back the shares from investors at a call price that is specified when the shares are originally issued.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Candlestick chart

Output: A price chart with four bits of data for each time interval. A candle indicates the opening and closing price for the interval. The body of the candle is shaded if the opening price was higher than the closing price, and the body is clear if the opening price was lower than the closing price. Vertical lines known as wicks or shadows extend from the top and bottom of the candle to indicate the high and the low prices for the interval.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cannibalization

Output: Cannibalization occurs when an investment takes customers and sales away from another part of the company.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cap

Output: 1) A contract on an interest rate, whereby at periodic payment dates, the writer of the cap pays the difference between the market interest rate and a specified cap rate if, and only if, this difference is positive. This is equivalent to a stream of call options on the interest rate. 2) A combination of interest rate call options designed to hedge a borrower against rate increases on a floating-rate loan.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Capital allocation line (CAL)

Output: A graph line that describes the combinations of expected return and standard deviation of return available to an investor from combining the optimal portfolio of risky assets with the risk-free asset.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Capital asset pricing model (CAPM)

Output: An equation describing the expected return on any asset (or portfolio) as a linear function of its beta relative to the market portfolio.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Capital budgeting

Output: The allocation of funds to relatively long-range projects or investments.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Capital market expectations

Output: An investor’s expectations concerning the risk and return prospects of asset classes.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Capital market line (CML)

Output: The line with an intercept point equal to the risk-free rate that is tangent to the efficient frontier of risky assets; represents the efficient frontier when a risk-free asset is available for investment.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Capital markets

Output: Financial markets that trade securities of longer duration, such as bonds and equities.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Capital rationing

Output: A capital rationing environment assumes that the company has a fixed amount of funds to invest.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Capital structure

Output: The mix of debt and equity that a company uses to finance its business; a company’s specific mixture of long- term financing.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Capitalized inventory costs

Output: Costs of inventories including costs of purchase, costs of conversion, other costs to bring the inventories to their present location and condition, and the allocated portion of fixed production overhead costs.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Caplet

Output: Each component call option in a cap.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Capped swap

Output: A swap in which the floating payments have an upper limit.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Captive finance subsidiary

Output: A wholly-owned subsidiary of a company that is established to provide financing of the sales of the parent company.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Carrying amount (book value)

Output: The amount at which an asset or liability is valued according to accounting principles.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cartel

Output: A group of firms that has entered into a collusive agree- ment to restrict output and increase prices and profits.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash

Output: In accounting contexts, cash on hand (e.g., petty cash and cash not yet deposited to the bank) and demand deposits held in banks and similar accounts that can be used in payment of obligations.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash basis

Output: Accounting method in which the only relevant transactions for the financial statements are those that involve cash.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash conversion cycle (net operating cycle)

Output: A financial metric that measures the length of time required for a company to convert cash invested in its operations to cash received as a result of its operations; equal to days of inventory on hand

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash equivalents

Output: Very liquid short-term investments, usually maturing in 90 days or less.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash flow additivity principle

Output: The principle that dollar amounts indexed at the same point in time are additive.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.