Input: Fat Embolism: Treatment [Spica Cast]

Output: Prevention Support Respiratory System High Fowlers High concentration O2 Corticosteroids (decrease lung inflammation & cerebral edema)

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Emboli originates in venous system or right side of heart; dislodges causing infarction of lung tissue due to decreased blood supply. Most common cause of death immediate post-op. May also occur after pelvis, hip or femur fracture. [Spica Cast]

Output: Venous Thromboembolism

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Venous Thrombosis S/s [Spica Cast]

Output: Depends on size of thrombi Labored or rapid breathing Tachycardia Pallor / Cyanosis Chest Pain Confusion Impending doom

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Venous Thrombosis: Diagnosis [Spica Cast]

Output: ABGs ECG VQ Scan Venous doppler

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Venous Thrombosis: Treatment [Spica Cast]

Output: Prevention Hydration Passive ROM Ambulation ASAP Stockings Compression devices Anticoagulant

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Expected range of compartmental pressure. [Spica Cast]

Output: 0 - 10 mmHg

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Compression from surrounding tissue (internal), cast or traction (external). Ischemia can occur 4-8 hours. Limb can become useless 24-48 hours. 30mmHg or higher [Spica Cast]

Output: Acute Compartmental Syndrome (ACS)

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When bone union occurs with the fragments in a deformed or improper position, Usually result of inadequate reduction & immobilization. If severe, may need to manually or surgically manipulate & re-immobilize [Spica Cast]

Output: Malunion

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A fracture slow to heal but does demonstrate some calcification.Caused by infection, inadequate immobilization or reduction, inadequate blood supply, metabolic disturbances. [Spica Cast]

Output: Delayed Union

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Repair of fracture stops & no further union after 9 months. Space between fragments too large, muscle or fascia between fragments, callus torn from activity, inadequate blood supply. [Spica Cast]

Output: Non-union

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Acute Compartment Syndrome: Treatment [Spica Cast]

Output: Prevention & recognition Extremity not raised above heart Ice packs Bivalve cast Surgical decompression (fasciotomy

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A transplant from one person to another, but not an identical twin. [Spica Cast]

Output: Allograft

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tissue transplanted from one part of the body to another in the same individual. [Spica Cast]

Output: Autograft

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Common infection with open fractures; most common organism is Staph aureaus, S/s recurrent fevers, pain, poor incision healing, continued wound drainage. Treatment is antibiotics, possible removal of hardware [Spica Cast]

Output: Osteomyelitis

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Develops 3-4 days after injury; anaerobic bacteria; infection breaks down tissue causing gas. [Spica Cast]

Output: Gas Gangrene

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Bone loses blood supply from infection or fracture. common with femoral head / neck fracture; treatment is replacement of dead bone naturally by body or prosthesis [Spica Cast]

Output: Avascular Necrosis

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: General Nursing Management of Fracture Complications [Spica Cast]

Output: Identify complication Patient education Treat complications

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [biotechnology] adenosine thymine cytosine guanosine

Output: what are the nucleotides in DNA

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] recombinant DNA Technology Monoclonal antibody

Output: what are examples of biotechnology

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] nucleus

Output: what has all the machinery for transcription/translation to take place

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] replication (DNA replication)> transcription (DNA to RNA) > translation(RNA to Protein)

Output: what is the order of central dogma of molecular biology

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] adenosine uracil cytosine guanosine

Output: what are the nucleotides in RNA

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] amino acid

Output: what do triplets define

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] cytosine thymine uracil

Output: what are the pyrimidines

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] adenine guanine

Output: what are the purines

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] the 2' carbon on DNA does not have an Oxygen attached

Output: what is the main difference between the deoxyribose in DNA and the ribose in RNA

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] tRNA

Output: what enables the transfer of amino acids into a growing polypeptide chain

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] a component of protein producing ribosomes

Output: what is rRNA

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] the template for the production of proteins

Output: what is mRNA

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] helps with unwinding DNA

Output: what does helicase do

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] replicates the DNA strand

Output: what does DNA polymerase do

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] needed for DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of a DNA

Output: what is primase used for

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] initiation (RNA P unwinds DNA) elongation (RNA P reads DNA template and makes RNA transcript)

Output: what are the phases of transcription

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] during transcription

Output: when does RNA splicing occur

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] no introns only exons

Output: what is the composition of mature mRNA

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] transcription unit minimal sequences needed to initiate transcription (the promoter) and to create the proper 3' terminus of the mature RNA sequence of elements that regulate the rate of transcription initiation

Output: what are the DNA segments that define a gene

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] stretch of DNA that encodes the sequence of primary transcript, includes exons and introns

Output: what is the transcription unit

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] TATA box enhancers/silencers

Output: what are the sequence of elements that regulate the rate of transcription initiation

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] this is where DNA unwinds binding site for transcription factors

Output: what does the TATA box do

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] influence transcription from a distance regardless of the transcription start site

Output: what do enhancers/silencers do

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] aminoacyl synthetases

Output: what is used to bind amino acids to tRNA

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: [biotechnology] transcription factors dysregulation temporal regulation receptors

Output: what are the examples of organ/cell specefic expression

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

what is the use of microorganisms, plants and animals or parts thereof for the production of useful compounds.


Input: what are the nucleotides in DNA [biotechnology]

Output: adenosine thymine cytosine guanosine

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are examples of biotechnology [biotechnology]

Output: recombinant DNA Technology Monoclonal antibody

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what has all the machinery for transcription/translation to take place [biotechnology]

Output: nucleus

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is the order of central dogma of molecular biology [biotechnology]

Output: replication (DNA replication)> transcription (DNA to RNA) > translation(RNA to Protein)

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are the nucleotides in RNA [biotechnology]

Output: adenosine uracil cytosine guanosine

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what do triplets define [biotechnology]

Output: amino acid

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are the pyrimidines [biotechnology]

Output: cytosine thymine uracil

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are the purines [biotechnology]

Output: adenine guanine

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is the main difference between the deoxyribose in DNA and the ribose in RNA [biotechnology]

Output: the 2' carbon on DNA does not have an Oxygen attached

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what enables the transfer of amino acids into a growing polypeptide chain [biotechnology]

Output: tRNA

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is rRNA [biotechnology]

Output: a component of protein producing ribosomes

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is mRNA [biotechnology]

Output: the template for the production of proteins

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what does helicase do [biotechnology]

Output: helps with unwinding DNA

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what does DNA polymerase do [biotechnology]

Output: replicates the DNA strand

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is primase used for [biotechnology]

Output: needed for DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of a DNA

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are the phases of transcription [biotechnology]

Output: initiation (RNA P unwinds DNA) elongation (RNA P reads DNA template and makes RNA transcript)

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when does RNA splicing occur [biotechnology]

Output: during transcription

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is the composition of mature mRNA [biotechnology]

Output: no introns only exons

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are the DNA segments that define a gene [biotechnology]

Output: transcription unit minimal sequences needed to initiate transcription (the promoter) and to create the proper 3' terminus of the mature RNA sequence of elements that regulate the rate of transcription initiation

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is the transcription unit [biotechnology]

Output: stretch of DNA that encodes the sequence of primary transcript, includes exons and introns

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are the sequence of elements that regulate the rate of transcription initiation [biotechnology]

Output: TATA box enhancers/silencers

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what does the TATA box do [biotechnology]

Output: this is where DNA unwinds binding site for transcription factors

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what do enhancers/silencers do [biotechnology]

Output: influence transcription from a distance regardless of the transcription start site

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is used to bind amino acids to tRNA [biotechnology]

Output: aminoacyl synthetases

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are the examples of organ/cell specefic expression [biotechnology]

Output: transcription factors dysregulation temporal regulation receptors

CEUTICS TEST 3 SEM 2 LECTURE 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [fee for service] discounted fee for service

Output: a negotiated payment that is less than the providers normal rate

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] prospective payment

Output: a payment based on statistical data rather than individual costs of services

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] capitation

Output: where an md gets paid for each individual patient wether seen or not usually on a monthly basis for being their pcp

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] assumption of risk

Output: where an insurance company attempts to cover the greatest number of people for the lowest possible costs.

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] indemnity

Output: where thr patient pays up front then sends bills to insurance company for reimbursement.

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] deductable

Output: the amount of expenses the patient is required to pay before the insurance reimburses.

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] managed care

Output: where the insurance company contracts with md's to provide services to their subscribers with the ins. co. making the decisions as to what is appropriate care and what is not, not what the md decides

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] health maintenance organization(hmo)

Output: where tha insurer is both the payer and the provider and requires the pt to use their network or pay the full costs

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] preferred provider organization

Output: is a hybrid of indemnity and hmo where there are different levels of coverage based on the network the patient chooses

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] self-insurance

Output: also known as a flexible benefit account and is a savings account type program where the pt or their employer putso much money aside for medical costs.

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] demographic data

Output: is the patient name, address, place of employment, phone number e.t.c. needed for distinguishing them from another patient and future contact.

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] socioeconomic data

Output: an individual's marital status, education level, and personal habits

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] financial data

Output: the information needed to generate reimbursement for services given

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [fee for service] clinical data

Output: is comprised of all the data regarding a patient's health including diagnosis and procedures.

health information tech Flashcards - Cram.com

a set price for a service given:ie. i will give you this if you do this for me.


Input: [1] economics [2]

Output: the study of the choices that people make to satisfy their needs and wants

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] economist [2]

Output: a person who studies the economic choices

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] microeconomics [2]

Output: the study of the choices made by economic actors such as households, companies, and individual markets.

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] macroeconomics [2]

Output: examines the behavior of entire economies.

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] consumers [2]

Output: the people who decide to buy things

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] producers [2]

Output: the people who make things that satisfy consumers' needs and wants

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] goods [2]

Output: physical objects that can be purchased.

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] services [2]

Output: actions or activities that are performed for a fee

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] resource [2]

Output: anything that people use to make or obtain what they need or want

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] factors of production [2]

Output: resources that can be used to produce goods and services

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] natural resources [2]

Output: items provided by nature that can be used to produce goods and to provide services

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] human resources [2]

Output: any human effort exerted during production

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] capital resources [2]

Output: the manufactured materials used to created products

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] capital good [2]

Output: the buildings, structures, machinery and tools used in the production process

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] consumer good [2]

Output: a finished product that is consumed by an individual

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] technology [2]

Output: the use of technical knowledge and methods to create new products or make existing products more efficiently

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] entrepreneurship [2]

Output: the combination of organizational abilities and risk taking involved in starting a new business or introducing a new product

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] entrepreneur [2]

Output: a person who attempts to start a new business or introduce a new product-risking economic failure in return for the possibility of financial gain.

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] scarcity [2]

Output: the most basic problem of economics that forces people to make decisions about how to use resources effectively

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] allocate [2]

Output: distribute resources in orderto satisfy the greatest number of needs and wants

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] productivity [2]

Output: the level of output that results from a given input

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] efficiency [2]

Output: the use of the smallest amount of resources to produce the greatest amount of output

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] division of labor [2]

Output: assigning a small number of tasks to each worker.

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] specialization [2]

Output: allows each employee to work faster and and to produce a greater number of products

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] trade-off [2]

Output: the sacrifice of one good in order to purchase or produce another

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] opportunity cost [2]

Output: the value of the next best alternative that is given up to obtain the preferred item

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] production possibilitie curve [2]

Output: shows all the possible combinations of two goods or services that can be produced within a stated time period

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] exchange [2]

Output: the process by which producers and consumers agree to provide one type of item in return for another

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] barter [2]

Output: the direct exchange of goods and services without the use of money

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] money [2]

Output: any item that is readily accepted by people in return for goods and services

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] credit [2]

Output: a form of exchange that allows consumers to use items with a promise of repayment over a specified time

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] value [2]

Output: the worth of a good or service for the purpose of exchange, expressed as the amount of money that a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Utility [2]

Output: the usefulness of a good or service that contributes to its value

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] self-sufficiency [2]

Output: the ability ro fullfill all of one's needs without assistance

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] interdependence [2]

Output: the relationship of mutual reliance and influence among people, businesses, industries, regions, and nations

Economics Chapter 1 vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The portion of the nervous system outside the skull and spine [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The part of the peripheral nervous system that interacts with the external environment [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Nerves that carry sensory signals to the central nervous system; sensory nerves [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Afferent Nerves

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Nerves that carry motor signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles or internal organs [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Efferent Nerves

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The part of the peripheral nervous system that participates in the regulation of the body's internal environment [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Those motor nerves of the autonomic nervous system that project from the CNS in the lumbar and thoracic areas of the spinal cord [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Sympathetic Nerves

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Those motor nerves of the autonomic nervous system that project from the brain (as components of cranial nerves) or from the sacral region of the spinal cord. [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Parasympathetic nerves

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The 12 pairs of nerves extending from the brain (e.g., the optic nerves, the olfactory nerves, and the vagus nerves) [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Cranial Nerves

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The three protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Meninges

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tough outer meninx [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Dura Mater

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The meninx that is located between the dura mater and the pia mater and has the appearance of a gauzelike spiderweb [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Arachnoid Membrane

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The space beneath the arachnoid membrane, which contains many large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Subarachnoid Space

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The delicate, innermost meninx [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Pia Mater

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The colorless fluid that fills the subarachnoid space, the central canal, and the cerebral ventricles [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Cerebrospinal Fluid

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The small CSF-filled channel that runs the length of the spinal cord [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Central Canal

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The four CSF-filled internal chambers of the brain: the two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Cerebral Ventricles

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The networks of capillaries that protrude into the ventricles from the pia mater and continuously produce cerebrospinal fluid [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Choroid Plexuses

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The mechanism that keeps certain toxic substances in the blood from passing into brain tissue [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Blood-brain Barrier

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cells of the nervous system that are specialized for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals. [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Neuron

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A neuron with more than two processes extending from its cell body [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Multipolar neuron

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A neuron with one process extending from its cell body [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Unipolar neuron

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A neuron with two processes extending from its cell body [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Bipolar Neuron

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Neurons with short axons or no axons at all, whose function is to integrate neural activity within a single brain structure [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Interneurons

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The DNA-containing structures of cells; also, clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system. [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Nuclei

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Ganglia

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Bundles of axons in the central nervous system [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Tracts

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Nerves

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Several classes of nonneural cells of the nervous system, whose important contributions to nervous system function are just starting to be understood [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Glial Cells

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Glial cells that myelinate axons of the central nervous system; aka oligodendroglia [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Oligodendrocytes

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A fatty insulating substance found in the extensions of glial cells [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Myelin

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Coverings on the axons of some CNS neurons that are rich in myelin and increase the speed and efficiency of axonal conduction [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Myelin Sheaths

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The glial cells that compose the myelin sheaths of PNS axons and promote their regeneration [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Schwann Cells

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Glial cells that respond to injury or disease by engulfing cellular debris and triggering inflammatory responses [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Microglia

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Large, star-shaped glial cells that play a role in the passage of chemicals from the blood into CNS neurons and perform several other important functions that are not yet well understood [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Astrocytes

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A neural stain that completely darkens a few of the neurons in each slice of tissue, thereby revealing their silhouettes [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Gogli Stain

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A neural stain that has an affinity for structures in neuron cell bodies [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Nissl Stain

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A neuroanatomical technique used to study the fine details of cellular structure [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Electron Microscopy

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Toward the nose end of the vertebrate [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Anterior

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Toward the tail end of a vertebrate or toward the back of the head [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Posterior

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Toward the surface of the back of a vertebrate or toward the top of the head [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Dorsal

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Toward the chest surface of a vertebrate or toward the bottome of the head [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Ventral

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Toward the midline of the body of a vertebrate [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Medial

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Away from the midline of the body of a vertebrate, toward the body's lateral surfacesLateral [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Lateral

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Toward the top of the primate head [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Superior

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Toward the bottom of the primate head or brain [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Inferior

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Nearer the central core of the body (e.g., the elbows are proximal to the wrists) [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Proximal

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Farther from the central core of the body (e.g., the wrists are distal to the elbows) [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Distal

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Type of retinal neurons whose specialized function is lateral communication [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Horizontal Sections

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any slices of brain tissue cut in a plane that is parallel to the face; also termed coronal sections [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Frontal Sectios

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any slices of brain tissue cut in a plane that is parallel to the side of the brain [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Sagittal Sections

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Section cut at a right angle to any long, narrow structure of the CNS [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Cross Section

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Portions of the nervous system that are gray because they are composed largely of neural cell bodies and unmyelinated interneurons [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Gray matter

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Portions of the nervous system that are white because they are composed largely of myelinated axons [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: White Matter

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The two dorsal arms of the spinal gray matter [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Dorsal horns

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The two ventral arms of the spinal gray matter [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Ventral horns

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Structures just outside the spinal cord that are composed of the cell bodies of dorsal root axons [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Dorsal root ganglia

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The part of the brain on which the cerebral hemispheres rest; in general, it regulates reflex activities that are critical for survival (e.g., heart rate and respiration). [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Bain Stem

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Those nuclei of the thalamus whose main function is to relay sensory signals to the appropriate areas of cortex [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Sensory Relay Nuclei

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: To cross over to the other side of the brain [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Decussate

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Projecting from one side of the body to the other [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Contralateral

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: On the same side of the body [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Ipsilateral

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Small furrows in a convoluted cortex [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Sulci

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Large multipolar cortical neurons with a pyramid shaped cell body, an apical dendrite, and a very long axon [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Pyramidal Cells

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Small star-shaped cortical interneurons [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Stellate Cells

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The functional organization of the neocortex in vertical columns; the cells in each column form a mini-circuit that performs a single function [Central Nervous System (CNS)]

Output: Columnar Organization

Biopsychology Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: contains objects such as titles, items in a bulleted list, graphics, and charts [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: slides

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: slides are presented with a computer and a projection device - can also be printed on transparencies, copied for handouts, or posted as a web page [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: powerpoint presentation

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: can be used to list key concepts [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: bullets

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: can present the steps in a process [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: numbered list

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: can simplify complex ideas and present numerical or statistical data creatively [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: tables/charts/graphics

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: work areas in powerpoint [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: panes

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: current slide is diplayed in the right pane, the slides and outline tabs are in the left pane [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: normal view

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: collection of professionally selected slide colour schemes, fonts, graphic accents, and background colours [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: design template

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: present a list of bulleted or numbered points [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: title and text layouts

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: shows a variety of slide styles [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: text and content layout

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: shows how the slide will look to the audience [Microsoft Powerpoint]

Output: slide show view

Practical Computer Literacy Chapter 13 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] agnostic [2]

Output: one who is sketpical of the existence of a god or any ultimate reality. Agnostics say we can neither prove nor disprove the existence of God; we simply have no way to know


Input: [1] agitate [2]

Output: stir up; disturb. her fiery remarks agitated the already angry mob


Input: [1] agility [2]

Output: nimbleness; The agility of the acrobat amazed and thrilled the audience


Input: [1] aghast [2]

Output: horrified; dumbfounded. Miss Manners was aghoast at the crude behavior of the fraternity brothers at the annual toga party


Input: [1] aggressor [2]

Output: attacker. Before you punish both boys for fighting, see whether you can determine which one was the aggressor


Input: [1] aggregate [2]

Output: gather; accumulate. Before the Wall Street scandals, dealers in so called junk bonds managed to aggregate great wealth in short periods of time. adj aggretation N


Input: [1] aggrandize [2]

Output: increase or intensify; raise in power, wealth rank or honor. The history of the past quarter century illustrates how a President may aggrandize his power to act aggressively in international affairs wihtout considering the wises of Congress


Input: [1] agglomeration [2]

Output: collection; heap. It took weeks to assort the agglomeration of miscellaneous items she had collected on her trip


Input: [1] agenda [2]

Output: items of business at a meeting


Input: [1] agape [2]

Output: openmouthed. She stared, agape, at the many strange animals in the zoo


Input: [1] affront [2]

Output: insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect. When Mrs. Poudlie was not seated beside te Archdeacon at the head table, she took it as a personal affront and refused to speak to her hosts for a week


Input: [1] affluence [2]

Output: abundance; wealth. Foreigners are amazed y the affluence and luxuery of the American way of life


Input: [1] affliction [2]

Output: state of distress; cause of suffering. Even in the midst of her affliction, Elizabeht tried to keep up the spirits of those around her


Input: [1] afflix [2]

Output: attach or add on; fasten. First the registrar had to affix his signature to the liecense; then he had to affix his official seat


Input: [1] affirmation [2]

Output: positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath. Despite Tom's affirmations of innocence, Aunt Polly still suspected he had eaten the pie


Input: [1] affiliation [2]

Output: joining; associating with. His affiliation with the political party was of short duration for he soon disagreed with his colleagues.


Input: [1] affidavit [2]

Output: written statement made under oath. The court refused to accept her statement unless she presented it in the form of an affidavit


Input: [1] affected [2]

Output: artificia; pretended; assumed in order to impress. His affected mannerism-his 'harvard ' accents his air of bordom, his use of obsecure foreign words bugged us; he acted as if he thought he was too good for his old high school friends. affectation N


Input: [1] affable [2]

Output: easily approchable; warmly friendly. Accustomed to cold, aloof supervisors, Nicky was amazed at how affable his new employer was. affability N


Input: [1] aesthetic [2]

Output: artistic; dealing with or capable of appreciating the beautiful. The beatuy of Tiffany's stained glass apppealed to Alice's aesthetic sense. aesthete N


Input: [1] aegis [2]

Output: nest of large bird of prey (eagle, hawk) the mother eagle swooped down on the rabbit and bore it off to her aere high in the Rocky mountains


Input: [1] eagis [2]

Output: shield; defense. Under the aegis of the Bill of Rights, we enjoy our most treasured freedoms


Input: [1] advocate [2]

Output: urge; plead for. The abolitionsists advocated freedom for the slaves.


Input: [1] advocacy [2]

Output: support; active pleading on behalf of someone or something. No threats could dissuade BIshop Desmond Tutu from his advocacy of the human rights of black south africans


Input: [1] advert [2]

Output: refer (to). Since you advert to this matter so frequently, you must regard it as important


Input: [1] adversity [2]

Output: poverty; misfortune. We must larn to meet adversity gracefully


Input: [1] adverse [2]

Output: unfavorable; hostile. The recession had a highly adverse effect on Father's investment portfolio he lost so much money that he could no longer afford the butler and the upstairs maid


Input: [1] adversary [2]

Output: opponent; enmy. Batman struggled to save Gotham City from the machinations of his wicked adversary, the Joker


Input: [1] adventitious [2]

Output: accidental;coincident, casual. She found this adventitious meeting with her friend extremely fortunate


Input: [1] advent [2]

Output: arrival. Most Americans were unaware of the advent of the NUclear Age until the news of HIroshima reached them


Input: [1] adulterate [2]

Output: make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances. It is a crime to adulterate foods without informing the buyer


Input: [1] adulation [2]

Output: flattery; admiration. The rock star thrived on the adulation of his groupies and yes man. adulate v


Input: [1] adroit [2]

Output: skillfu;. Her adoit handling of the delicate situation pleased her employers


Input: [1] adorn [2]

Output: decorate; wall paintings and carved statues adorned the temple. adornment N


Input: [1] admonish [2]

Output: warn; reprove. When her courtiers questioned her religious beliefs, Mary Stuart admonished them, declaring that she would worship as she pleased


Input: [1] adjutant [2]

Output: staff officer assisting the commander; assistant. Though Wellington delegated many tasks to his chief adjutant, Lord Fitzroy Somerset, Somerset was in no doubt as to who made all major decisions


Input: [1] adjunct [2]

Output: something (generally nonessential or inferior) added on or attached. Although i don't absolutely need a second computer, I plan to buy a laptop to serve as an adjunct to my desktop model


Input: [1] adjacent [2]

Output: adjoining; neighboring; close by. Philip's best friend Jason lived only four horuses down the block, near but not immediately adjacent


Input: [1] adherent [2]

Output: supporter; follower. In the wake of the scandal, the senator's one time adherents quietly deserted him


Input: [1] adhere [2]

Output: stick fast. I will adhere to this opinion until proof that I am wrong is presented. adhesion n. adherence N


Input: [1] adept [2]

Output: expert at. She was adept at the fine art of irritating people


Input: [1] address [2]

Output: direct a speech to; deal with or discuss. Due to address the convetion in July, Brown planned to address the issue of low-income housing in his speech


Input: [1] addle [2]

Output: muddle; drive crazy; become rotten. This idiotic plan is conusinng enough to addle anone. addled adj


Input: [1] addiction [2]

Output: compulsive, habitual need. His addiction to drugs caused his friends much grief


Input: [1] addendum [2]

Output: addition; appendix to book. Hane's editior approved her new comparative literature text but thought it would be even better with an addendum on recent developments in literary criticism


Input: [1] adapt [2]

Output: alter; modify. Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment


Input: [1] adament [2]

Output: hard; inflexxible. In this movie Bronson played the part of a revenge driven man, adamant in his determination to punish the criminals who destroyed his family


Input: [1] adage [2]

Output: wise saying; proverb. There is much truth in teh old adage about fools and their money


Input: [1] acute [2]

Output: quickly perceptive; keen; brief and sever. The acute young doctor realized immeidatley that theg radual deterioration of her patient's once acute hearing was due to a crhonic illness. not an acute one


Input: [1] acumen [2]

Output: mental keenness. Her busines acumen helped her to succeed where others had failed


Input: [1] acuity [2]

Output: sharpness. In time his youhful acuity of vision failed him, and he needed glasses


Input: [1] actuate [2]

Output: motivate. I fail to understand what actuated you to reply to this letter so nastily


Input: [1] actuarial [2]

Output: calculating, pertaining to insurance statistics. According to recent actuarial tables, life expectancy is greater today than it was a century ago


Input: [1] acrophobia [2]

Output: fear of heights. A born salesman, he could convince someone with a bad case of acrophobia to sign up for a life membership in a sky-diving club


Input: [1] acrimonious [2]

Output: bitter in words or manner. The cadidate attacked his opponent in highly acrimonious terms. acrimony N


Input: [1] acrid [2]

Output: sharp; bitterly; pungent. The acrid odor of burnt gunpowder filled the room after the pistol had been fired


Input: [1] acquittal [2]

Output: deliverance from a charge. His acquittal by the jury surprised those who had thought him guilty. acquit v


Input: [1] acquiesce [2]

Output: assent; agree passively. Although she appeared to acquiesce to her employer's suggestion, I could tell she had reserations about the changes he wanted made. acquiescnece N acquiescent adj


Input: [1] acoustics [2]

Output: science of sound; quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in. Carnegie Hall is liked by music lovers because of its fine acoustics


Input: [1] acme [2]

Output: peak; pinnacle; highest point. Welles's success in Citizen Kane marked the acme of his career as an actor; never again did he achive such popular acclaim


Input: [1] acknowledge [2]

Output: recognize; admit.


Input: [1] acidulous [2]

Output: slightly sour. sharp; caustic. James was unpopular because of his sarcastic and acidulous remarks


Input: [1] acetic [2]

Output: vinegary. The salad had an exceedingly acetic flavor


Input: [1] accrue [2]

Output: come about by addition. you must pay the interest that has accrued on your debt as well as the principal sum. accrual N


Input: [1] accretion [2]

Output: growth; increase. Over the years Bob put on weight; because of this accretion of flesh, he went from size M to size XL. accrete v


Input: [1] accoutre [2]

Output: equip. The fisherman was accoutred with the best that the sporting goods store could supply. accoutrement n


Input: [1] accost [2]

Output: approach and speak first to a person. When the two young men accosted me, I was frightened because I thought they were going to attack me


Input: [1] accord [2]

Output: agreement. she was in complete accord with the verdict


Input: [1] accomplice [2]

Output: partner in crime. Because he had provided the criminal with the lethal weapon, he was arrested as an accomplice in the murder


Input: [1] accommodate [2]

Output: oblige or help someone; adjust or bring into harmony; adapt


Input: [1] acclivity [2]

Output: sharp upslope of a hill. The car could not go up the acclivityin high gear


Input: [1] acclimate [2]

Output: adjust to climate or environment.;adapt.. One of the difficulties of our present air age is the need of travelers to acclimate themselves to their new and often strange enviornments


Input: [1] acclaim [2]

Output: applaud; announce with great approval. The sportscasters acclaimed every American victory in the Olympics and decried every American defea. acclamation. n


Input: [1] accessory [2]

Output: additional object; useful but not essential thing. Seh bought an attractive handbag as an accessory for her dress.


Input: [1] accessible [2]

Output: easy to approach; obtainable


Input: [1] accelerate [2]

Output: move faster


Input: [1] accede [2]

Output: agree. If I accede to this demand for black mail, I am afraid that I will be the victim of future demands


Input: [1] academic [2]

Output: related to a schoo; not practical or irectly useful. The dean's talk about reforming academic polices was only an academic discussion; we knew little, if naything would change


Input: [1] abyss [2]

Output: enormous chasm; vast, bottomless pit. Darth vader seized the vil emperor and hurled him into the abyss


Input: [1] abysmal [2]

Output: bottomless. His arrogance is exceeded only by his abysmal ignorance


Input: [1] abut [2]

Output: border upon; adjoin. Where our estates abut, we must build a fence


Input: [1] abusive [2]

Output: coarsely insulting; physically harmful


Input: [1] abstruse [2]

Output: obscure; profound; difficult to understand. Baffled by the abstruse philosophical texts assigned in class, Dave asked Lexy to explain Kant's Critique of Pure Reasons


Input: [1] abstract [2]

Output: theoretica;; not conrete; nonrepresentational. To him, hunger was an abstract concept; he had never missed a meal


Input: [1] abstinence [2]

Output: restraint from eating or drinking. The doctor recommended total abstinence from salted foods. abstain.v


Input: [1] abstemious [2]

Output: sparing in eating and drinking; temperate. Concerned whether her vegetarian son's abstemious diet provided him with sufficient protein, the worried mother pressed food on him


Input: [1] abstain [2]

Output: refrain; withhold from participation. After considering the effect of alcohol on his athletci performance, he decided to abstain from drinkning while he trained for the race


Input: [1] absolve [2]

Output: pardon (an offense). The father confessor absolved him of his sins. absolution N


Input: [1] absolute [2]

Output: complete; totally unlimted; certain. Although the King o Siam was an absolute monarch, he did not want to behead his unfaithful wife without absolute evidence of her infidelity


Input: [1] abscond [2]

Output: depart secretly and hide. The teller who absconded with the bonds went uncaptured until someone recognized him from his photograph on America's most wanted


Input: [1] abscission [2]

Output: removal by cutting of, as in surgery; separation. Gas gangrene spreads so swiftly and is so potentially deadly that doctors advise abscission of the gangrenous tissue


Input: [1] abrogate [2]

Output: abolish. The king intended to abrogate the decree issued by his predecessor


Input: [1] abridge [2]

Output: condense or shorten. Because the publishers felt the public wanted a shorter version of War and Peace, they proceeded to abridge the novel


Input: [1] abrasive [2]

Output: rubbing away; tending to grind down. Just as abrasive cleaning powders can wear away a shiny finish, abrasive remarks can wear away a listener's patience. abrade v


Input: [1] abortive [2]

Output: unsuccessful; fruitless. Attacked by armed troops, te Chinese students had to abandon their abortive attempt to democratize Beijing peacefully. abort v


Input: [1] aboriginal [2]

Output: being the first of its kind in a region, primitive; native. Her studies of the pirmitive art forms of the aboriginal indians were widely reported in the scientific journals. aborigine n


Input: [1] abominate [2]

Output: loathe; hate. Moses scolded the idol worshippers in the tribe because he abominated the custom


Input: [1] abolish [2]

Output: cancel; put an end to. The prsident of the college refused to abolish the physical education requirement. abolishion n


Input: [1] abnegation [2]

Output: renunciation; self-sacrifice. Though Rudolph and Duchess Flavia loved one anther, their love was doomed, for she had to wed the king; their act of abnegation was necessary to preserve the kingdom


Input: [1] ablution [2]

Output: washing, HIs daily ablutions were accompanied by loud noises that he humorously labeled 'opera in the Bath'


Input: [1] abjure [2]

Output: renounce upon oath; disavow Pressure from university authorities caused the young scholar to abjure his heretical opinions. abjuration N


Input: [1] abject [2]

Output: wretched; lacking pride. On the streets of NY the homeless live in abject poverty, huddling in doorways to find shelter from the wind


Input: [1] abhor [2]

Output: detest; hate. She abhorred all forms of bigotry. abhorrence N


Input: [1] abeyance [2]

Output: suspended action. The deal was held in abeyance until her arrival


Input: [1] abet [2]

Output: assist; usually in doing something wrong; encourage. she was unwiling to abet him in thes windle he had planned


Input: [1] aberration [2]

Output: abnormality; departure from the norm; mental irregularity or disorder. It remains the consensus among investors on Wall Street that current high oil prices are a temporary aberration and that we shall soon see a return to cheap oil


Input: [1] aberrant [2]

Output: abnormal or deviant. Given the aberrant nature of the data, we came to doubt the validity of the entire experiment


Input: [1] abdicate [2]

Output: renounce; give up. When Edward VIII abdicated the BRitish throne, he surprised the entire world


Input: [1] abbreviate [2]

Output: shorten. Because we were running out of tiem, the lecturer had to abbreviate her speech


Input: [1] abate [2]

Output: subside or moderate. Rather than leaving immediately, the waited for the storm to abate


Input: [1] abash [2]

Output: embarrass. He was not at all abasehed by her open admiration


Input: [1] abase [2]

Output: lower; degrade; humiliate. Anna expected to have to curtsy to the King of Siam; when told to cast herself down on the ground before hi, she refuse to abse herself. abasement N


Input: [security agreement] security interest

Output: personal property or fixtures obtained by a creditor secures payment or performance of an obligation.

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] secured party

Output: party who holds a security interest in the collateral of the debtor.

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] debtor

Output: the person who owes payment or has an obligation to perform under the security agreement.

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] collateral

Output: with secured transactions, tangible personal property serves BLANK (property securing the promise to repay). This includes: Consumer goods. Equipment. Inventory

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] Chattel Paper

Output: A note with security agreement built into it.

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] -An agreement in which debtor grants creditor a security interest in collateral -The debtor must have rights in the collateral -The creditor must give value to the debtor

Output: Attachment

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] perfecting the security interest

Output: A creditor gets protection against other creditors or purchasers of the collateral

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] attached

Output: A security interest is not legally enforceable between the creditor and debtor until it becomes BLANK to one or more particular items of debtor’s property.

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] By filing public notice (financing statement)with the Secretary of State; By the creditor taking possession or control of the collateral (pledge); or Automatic perfection in certain transactions, such as a purchase money security interest.

Output: 3 ways perfecting can be done:

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] Name(s) of the Debtor Name of the Secured Party A Statement indicating or describing the collateral covered by the financing statement.

Output: Financing Statement with the Secretary of State (see p. 591). UCC 9-501 requires

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] pedge

Output: certain collateral as security for the debt and transfer the collateral into the creditor's possession

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] purchase money security interest (PMSI)

Output: When a seller retains a security interest until goods are paid for or when money is loaned to acquire goods and the lender takes a security interest in the goods

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] Equipment used in a trade or business; Inventory of the business.

Output: PMSIs in non-consumer goods are not automatically perfected. Two common types of non-consumer goods:

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] floating liens

Output: In addition to property actually in the possession of the debtor, a security agreement can continue to cover new collateral or proceeds of collateral that has been disposed of

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: [security agreement] Proceeds Automatically covered as of the time the security agreement attaches. After-acquired Property A security agreement may be drafted to grant a creditor a security interest in debtor’s after-acquired property. Future Advances Security agreements can cover extensions of credit if specified in a security agreement.

Output: 3 floating liens

BLAW TEST 3 Ch. 29 Flashcards - Cram.com

agreement that creates or provides for a security interest. Basically, just a contract.


Input: Oxidation of the Iodide Ion

Output: Thyroglobulin and Chemistry of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine Formation Formation and Secretion of Thyroglobulin by the Thyroid Cells

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Storage of Thyroglobulin

Output: Iodination of Tyrosine and Formation of the Thyroid Hormones-"Organification" of Thyroglobulin

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Daily Rate of Secretion of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

Output: Release of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine from the Thyroid Gland

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine Are Released Slowly to Tissue Cells

Output: Transport of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine to Tissues Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine Are Bound to Plasma Proteins

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Thyroid Hormones Activate Nuclear Receptors

Output: Thyroid Hormones Have Slow Onset and Long Duration of Action

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Thyroid Hormones Increase Active Transport of Ions through Cell Membranes

Output: Thyroid Hormones Increase the Number and Activity of Mitochondria

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Effects of Thyroid Hormone on Specific Bodily Mechanisms Stimulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Output: Effect of Thyroid Hormone on Growth

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Effect on Plasma and Liver Fats

Output: Stimulation of Fat Metabolism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Increased Basal Metabolic Rate

Output: Increased Requirement for Vitamins

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Effect of Thyroid Hormones on the Cardiovascular System Increased Blood Flow and Cardiac Output Increased Heart Rate Increased Heart Strength Normal Arterial Pressure

Output: Decreased Body Weight

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Increased Respiration

Output: Increased Gastrointestinal Motility

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Effect on the Function of the Muscles Muscle Tremor

Output: Excitatory Effects on the Central Nervous System Effect on Sleep

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Effect of Thyroid Hormone on Sexual Function

Output: Effect on Other Endocrine Glands

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Antithyroid Substances Suppress Thyroid Secretion

Output: Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Output: Causes of Hyperthyroidism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Physiology of Treatment in Hyperthyroidism

Output: Diagnostic Tests for Hyperthyroidism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Diagnostic Tests in Hypothyroidism

Output: Hypothyroidism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Atherosclerosis in Hypothyroidism

Output: Treatment of Hypothyroidism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: Myxedema

Output: Cretinism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Physiologic Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland


Input: [2] aloof [1]

Output: unfriendly, distant or forthcoming, either in a physical or emotional manner

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] anguish [1]

Output: undergoing extreme mental or physical discomfort

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] appreciate [1]

Output: a rise in price or value

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] apprehend [1]

Output: 1) to arrest for a crime or wrong doing 2) to anticipate with anxiety 3) to sieze an idea

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] belligerent [1]

Output: to be hostile and aggressive

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] bemused [1]

Output: to be puzzled, bewildered or confused

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] brittle [1]

Output: easily liable to shatter without much force applied

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] complacency, complacent [1]

Output: a feeling of satisfaction with yourself or your achievements-- showing satisfaction with yourself of your achievements, oblivious of the consequences

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] contorted [1]

Output: twisted or bent out of regular form

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] deliberate [1]

Output: done consciously and for a purpose

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] derision, deride [1]

Output: ridicule or mockery-- to display contempt for or to ridicule

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] euchre [1]

Output: a card game for 4 players

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] grizzled [1]

Output: streaked with grey

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] imperious [1]

Output: grasping power or authority without proper justification (commanding)

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] indignation, indignant [1]

Output: anger or annoyance becuase you think something is unfair

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] juncture [1]

Output: a place where things join

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] mollify [1]

Output: to calm anger or anxiety

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] monotony [1]

Output: a lack of variety, diversity or interest, tediousness

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] morose [1]

Output: sullen and poorly tempered

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] mottled [1]

Output: marked with spots or spurts of color

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ominous [1]

Output: giving an impression of something bad about to happen

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pantomime [1]

Output: a dramatic form of entertainment where performers use gestures with music

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] plaintive [1]

Output: sounding sad or depressed

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pugnacious [1]

Output: eager or please to argue, fight or quarrle

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] relish [1]

Output: to enjoy greatly, savor

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] reprehensible [1]

Output: deserving of punishment

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] revere [1]

Output: to feel a sense of deep respect or admiration for something

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] scowl [1]

Output: anangry or bad tempered expression

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Soledad (solititue) [1]

Output: the state or situation of being alone

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] stilted [1]

Output: stuff, or unnatural, pompous or arrogant

of mice and men vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [homologues] The entire genetic information of a cell is called:

Output: the genome

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] This molecule binds at the small subunit to make the code for manufacturing an amino acid chain (protein) available to the ribosome.

Output: mRNA

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] all the proteins in an organism

Output: proteome

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] During the transcription step in protein synthesis, what enzyme catalyzes a reaction breaking down the hydrogen bonds between the DNA's nucleotides, separating the backbones of the double helix from one another at the nucleotides?

Output: RNA polymerase

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] what is the name for the set of rules that relate to the base triplet to the codon and the amino acis they specify.

Output: the genetic code

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] the process of enzymatically reading the nucleotide sequence of a gene and synthesizing a pre mRNA molecule with a complimentary sequence. (step 1 of protein synthesis)

Output: transcription

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] The spot where RNA Polymerase starts transcribing is called the _____________ and where it ends is called the ________________

Output: promoter terminator

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] PROTEIN FUNCTIONS : 1. Assemble cellular structures 2. Serve as non-steroid hormones, antibodies and contractile elements in muscle tissue 3. enzynes to regulate the numerous chemeical reactions that occur in cells or trnsporters tha carry various materials in the blood

Output: 3 types of Protein Function

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] the process whereby the nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule specifies the amino acid sequence in the building of a protein.

Output: translation

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] directs the synthesis of protein

Output: mRNA; Messanger RNA

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes

Output: rRNA, ribsomal RNA

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] binds to an amino acid and holds it in place on the ribosome until it is incorporated into a protein during translation

Output: tRNA; transfer RNA

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] What consists of a ribose molecule, a phosphate group, and nucleotide bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil?

Output: RNA

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] What consists of a Deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and nucleotide bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and cytosine?

Output: DNA

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] During translation, tRNA binds to the:

Output: large subunit of the ribsome

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] During transcription, when is the double helix of DNA restored?

Output: When RNA Polymerase detaches from the terminator

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] Which of the following is not present in a molecule of RNA:

Output: deoxyribose in RNA you would find RIBOSE, PHOSPHATE, NUCLEOTIDES

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] breaks the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides on DNA

Output: RNA polymerase

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] The form of RNA responsible for holding an amino acid in anticipation of protein synthesis:

Output: tRNA

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] the result of meiosis I =

Output: Two genetically different haploid cells

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] is replicated during which phase of the cell cycle: A. G0 B. G1 C. G2 D. Prophase E. None of the above

Output: THE ANSWER IS E - NONE OF THE ABOVE.

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] What develops during late anaphase and early telophase allowing the cell membrane to divide into two?

Output: cleavage furrow

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] The mitotic spindles attach to the chromatids at the:

Output: kinetochore

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] How many chromosomes does one human sperm cell have?

Output: 23 chromosomes

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] The chromatid pairs split and migrate to opposite poles during which phase:

Output: Anaphase

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] In which phase do tetrads line up along the metaphase plate:

Output: Methaphase 1

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] what assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis

Output: kinetochore

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] A __________is made up of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.

Output: Protein

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] The sequence of ___________ is what makes one protein different from another one.

Output: Amino Acids

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] a cell’s hereditary units, which determine what a cell will look like and what it’s structure & function will be.

Output: Genes

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] creating new proteins is called

Output: Protein Synthesis

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] the process whereby a gene’s DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is used to direct synthesis of a specific protein to make sure it synthesizes the correct protein.

Output: Gene Expression

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] step 1 : the information encoded in a specific region of DNA is transcribed (or copied) to produce a specific molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid).

Output: step 2 : RNA attaches to a ribosome, where the information is translated into a corresponding sequence of amino acids to form a new protein molecule.

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] What is the name of Each set of three nucleotides together is code for and represents one amino acid, the building blocks of proteins.

Output: a base triplet

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] _______is a molecule of RNA that has three specific nucleotides attached to it. This set of three on the tRNA is called an __________________

Output: tRNA Anticodon

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] Step 1: The mRNA, carrying the genetic code binds to the small subunit of a ribosome. i. The first codon, aka the start codon, is in place on the small subunit of the ribosome. d. Step 2: A molecule of tRNA with the first codon’s anti-codon attaches to the P site on the ribosome’s large subunit and holds on to its amino acid, the same amino acid represented by the 1st codon. e. Step 3: A molecule of tRNA with the second codon’s anti-codon, holding the next amino acid, attaches to the A site of the large subunit. f. Step 4: A component of the large ribosomal subunit catalyzes a reaction causing the formation of a peptide bond between the two amino acids, starting the chain that will form a protein. g. Step 5: the tRNA on the P site detaches from the ribosome, leaving the P site empty. Its amino acid is also released, leaving it bound to the other amino acid. h. Step 6: the tRNA molecule that is bound to the A site shifts over to the P site, leaving the A site empty. i. Step 7: The mRNA shifts so that the 3rd codon is now bound near the A site. A tRNA molecule with the corresponding anti-codon binds to the A site carrying the appropriate amino acid. Go to Step 4 and repeat, forming a chain of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds. j. Repeat this process until the final codon, called the stop codon, is reached. k. After the stop codon is reached, the mRNA detaches from the small subunit. i. The final molecules of tRNA detach from the P & A sites and also release their amino acids, so we are left with a peptide chain of amino acids, aka a protein. ii. The protein product, which may be an enzyme, hormone, etc. is then packaged and sorted by the golgi complex for use by the cell.

Output: TRANSLATION

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] Step 1: The enzyme RNA Polymerase catalyzes a reaction breaking the hydrogen bonds between the DNA’s nucleotides, separating the backbones of the double helix from one another at the nucleotides. i. This leaves the nucleotides open to bond with free-floating nucleotides in the nucleus, which will now take advantage and bond to the open nucleotides. 1. In this case, there are 4 nucleotides: 2. Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Uracil (U): taking the place of thymine. 3. These nucleotides have a backbone of phosphate and a sugar called ribose. ii. RNA Polymerase must be instructed where on the DNA strands to start the transcription and where to end it. 1. The spot where it starts is called the promoter and where it ends is called the terminator. 2. RNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA at the promoter to start transcription. d. Step 2: the free floating nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with the appropriate DNA nucleotides (A to U, C to G). i. Since we know which nucleotide has to bind with which other nucleotide, the original DNA code (sequence of nucleotides) can be easily deciphered. ii. At this point, each set of three free-floating nucleotides that bond to the DNA nucleotides, is called a codon. Each codon is an indirect copy of a base triplet and represents the same amino acid that the original base triplet represented. e. Step 3: RNA Polymerase catalyzes a reaction bonding the phosphate-ribose backbones of now-bonded, formerly free-floating, nucleotides. i. This forms a strand of nucleotides that preserve the original nucleotide sequence that was on the DNA. f. Step 4: When RNA polymerase reaches the terminator, it removes itself from the DNA, the nucleotides that bonded to the open DNA nucleotides break their bonds from DNA, but maintain their bonds to each other, forming a strand of nucleotides called messenger RNA, or mRNA. g. Step 5: With RNA Polymerase now absent, the DNA nucleotides re-form their hydrogen bonds and the double helix is restored. h. Transcription is now finished and the mRNA molecule, carrying a code for a sequence of amino acids, can pass through a pore in the nuclear envelope into the cytoplasm for translation.

Output: TRANSCRIPTION

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] The first codon, aka ___________ is in place on the small subunit of the ribosome.

Output: the start codon

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] In RNA - Adenine binds with _______, not Cytosine. A-U

Output: Uracil A-U C-G

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] A-U C-G In RNA are nucleotides with a backbone consisting of a phosphate and a sugar called a :

Output: Ribose

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] catalyzes a reaction breaking the hydrogen bonds between the DNA’s nucleotides, separating the backbones of the double helix from one another at the nucleotides.

Output: RNA polymerase

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [homologues] the process whereby the nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule specifies the amino acid sequence in the building of a protein. It is carried out by ribosomes

Output: Translation

Saladin Unit 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards - Cram.com

another word for a homologous chromosome. they pair during meiosis.


Input: [1] phonetics [2]

Output: the study of the production, transmission, and reception of speech sounds


Input: [1] phonology [2]

Output: a study of the sounds in any language


Input: [1] Received pronunciation [2]

Output: the regionally neutral, prestige accent of British English


Input: [1] semantics [2]

Output: the study of linguistic meaning


Input: [1] sentence [2]

Output: a set of words which form a grammatically complete statement, usually containing a subject, verb, and object


Input: [1] simile [2]

Output: a figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another, using 'like' or 'as'


Input: [1] Standard English [2]

Output: a dialect representing English speech and writing comprehensible to most users


Input: [1] structure [2]

Output: the arrangement of parts or ideas in a piece of writing


Input: [1] symbol [2]

Output: an object which represents something other than itself


Input: [1] synonym [2]

Output: a word that means (almost) the same as another


Input: [1] syntax [2]

Output: the arrangement of words to show relationshiops of meaning within a sentence


Input: [1] tense [2]

Output: the form taken by a verb to indicate time (as in past-present-future)


Input: [1] text [2]

Output: any piece of writing or object being studied


Input: [1] tone [2]

Output: an author's or speaker's attitude, as revealed in 'quality of voice' or 'selection of language'


Input: [1] verb [2]

Output: a term expressing action or state of being


Input: [1] vocabulary [2]

Output: the particular selection of types of words chosen in speech or writing


Input: [1] vowel [2]

Output: the open sounds made in speech a, e, i, o and u


Input: 1. Microorganisms produce toxins that affect the integrity of the cell membrane 2. Microorganism multiplies within the host cell, leading to cell lysis. 3. Infected cells are eradicated by killer lymphocytes as the result of cell-mediated immunity.

Output: What are the three ways lysis of host cells occurs?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: gas gangrene

Output: In this disease, membrane-damaging toxins produced by one of the anaerobic clostridia lyse red blood cells.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)

Output: This disease is characterized by the skin rash produced when endothelial cells of small vessels are killed by the intracellular growth of the infecting rickettsiae.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: apoptosis

Output: Programmed cell death which is a part of the normal mammalian cell cycle.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: HSV and HIV

Output: Give two examples of viruses that may stimulate cells to undergo premature apoptosis.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: Epstein-Barr virus

Output: Give an example of a virus that blocks apoptosis and thereby immortalizes the host cell.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: 1. tetanus 2. botulism 3. cholera 4. whooping cough

Output: Give four examples of diseases that produce toxins that alter a key aspect of metabolism in ways that resemble the action of hormones or other pharmacological effectors.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: elephantiasis

Output: This disease is characterized by swelling of limbs or the scrotum due to filariae becoming lodged in lymphatics.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: inflammation and the immune response

Output: The host response to infection is often owing to what two responses?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: 1. The accentuated inflammatory response that places patients with a brain abscess at risk of dying 2. The overwhelming activation of the complement system that kills patients suffering from septicemia 3. An autoimmune response that causes rheumatic fever 4. Cell-mediated immunity responsible for manifestations of chronic tuberculosis

Output: Give four examples of host responses to infection that lead to harmful outcomes for the host:

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: False. Toxins are characteristics unique to pathologic bacteria.

Output: T/F Toxins play an important role in diseases caused by fungi, protozoa and worms.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: exotoxins and type III cytotoxins

Output: These toxins modulate intracellular targets (2)

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: endotoxin, membrane-damaging toxins and superantigens

Output: These toxins act on the cell surface (3)

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: exoenzymes

Output: These toxins modulate targets in the extracellular matrix (1)


Input: type I

Output: This type of secretion system is an autotransport system built into the toxin.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: type II

Output: This type of secretion system is based on an apparatus within the bacterial cell membrane which transports toxins out of the bacterial cell.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: 1. Does the toxin alone, in purified form, damage the host, using animals or cultured cells as experimental hosts? 2. Is virulence quantitatively correlated with toxin production? 3. Can a specific antibody (antitoxin) prevent or alleviate the manifestations of the disease? 4. If toxin production is impaired in the pathogen, is the disease process affected?

Output: What four questions help determine whether the toxin is important in the infectious process?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: plasmids and temperate bacteriophages. The locations of these genes on mobile DNA molecules ensure that the ability to produce toxin can rapidly spread to nontoxigenic bacteria.

Output: Genes that encode toxins are frequently contained within DNA elements such as:

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: False. Some toxins are produced continuously by growing bacteria; others are synthesized when the bacteria enter the stationary phase.

Output: T/F All toxins are produced continuously throughout the life cycle of the bacteria.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: Organisms that cause botulism, gas gangrene, and tetanus from the genus Clostridium, and the organisms that cause anthrax, of the genus Bacillus.

Output: Give some examples of spore-forming bacteria that make potent exotoxins (4).

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: True.

Output: T/F Bacterial toxins work at very low concentrations


Input: The B domain binds to the cell membrane and delivers the A domain into the host cell.

Output: What is the function of the A and B domains of exotoxins?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: A domain

Output: Which domain possesses enzymatic activity that is specific for each toxin?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: ADP ribosylation

Output: What enzymatic reaction is characterized by diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, and exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: AB

Output: Diphtheria toxin


Output: cholera toxin


Input: 2A:B A1 is an adenylate cyclase (termed the edema factor), and A2 is a protease (termed the lethal factor).

Output: anthrax toxin

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: Proteolytic cleavage and reduction of a disulfide bond that often holds the A and B domains together.

Output: Exotoxins are synthesized as protoxins. Activation usually involves what two steps?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: receptor-mediated endocytosis

Output: During this process, the A domain is translocated across the cell membrane and into the intracellular compartment of the host cell.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: botulinum and tetanus toxins

Output: Give two examples of zinc proteases (neurotoxins).

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: host cell protein synthesis

Output: The diphtheria toxin inhibits cell physiology by blocking what?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: 1. receptor binding 2. transport into the endosome 3. translocation function for the A domain into the cytosol

Output: What three functions does the B domain contribute to the delivery of the A domain into the cytosol with the diphtheria toxin?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: elongation factor 2 (EF-2)

Output: This substrate for diphtheria toxin is a factor in eukaryotic protein synthesis that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP required for the movement of ribosomes on messenger RNA.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: ADP ribosylation inactivates EF-2 and kills cells by irreversibly blocking protein synthesis.

Output: What is the MOA for diphtheria toxin with respect to EF-2?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: ADP ribosylation of G proteins that promotes the "active" form and therefore elevates intracellular synthesis of cAMP which provokes the movement of massive quantities of fluid across the intestinal membrane and into the lumen of the gut.

Output: What is the MOA of cholera toxin?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: small intestinal epithelium

Output: What is the target tissue for cholera toxin?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: G protein

Output: What is the target of ADP ribosylation by cholera toxin?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: botulinum toxin

Output: This neurotoxin inhibits the release of stimulatory neurotransmitters, resulting in flaccid paralysis.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: tetanus toxin

Output: This neurotoxin migrates up the axon, across the interneuronal junction, and into the internal neuron, where its A domain inactivates vesicle fusion at the interneuronal junction to inhibit the release of inhibitory neurotransmittters, resulting in spastic paralysis.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, the cholera bacilli, and the plague bacilli.

Output: Type III cytotoxins are released directly into the host cell by a contact-dependent mechanism when the bacterium directly contacts the host cell. Give 5 examples of bacteria that use type III cytotoxins.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: cell killing and modulation of the actin cytoskeleton

Output: List the two main MOA of type III cytotoxins.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: 1. fever 2. activation of complement by the alternative pathway 3. activation of macrophages 4. stimulation of B lymphocytes

Output: List 4 alarm reactions elicited by low concentrations of LPS:

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: It is not internalized, and it exerts a toxic effect only at high concentrations.

Output: Why is the term endotoxin misleading?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: Early activation of our innate immune system by pattern recognition receptors provide us with a rapid and effective response to infection and is the catalyst for activating our adaptive immune system, which is responsible for long-term resistance to infection. Examples include endotoxin, lipoteichoic acid, lipoglycans and mannans.

Output: What are pattern recognition receptors?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: Lipid A

Output: Of the three parts of LPS, what is the biologically active component?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: 1. macrophages 2. neutrophils 3. platelets 4. B lymphocytes

Output: The primary targets for endotoxin possess specific receptors called toll-like receptors. Give 4 examples of the primary target cells for endotoxin.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor

Output: Name the two major cytokines released after encounter with endotoxin.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: alternative

Output: Endotoxin activates complement by which pathway?


Input: 1. increased production of lysosomal enzymes 2. enhanced rate of phagocytosis 3. secretion of hydrolases

Output: What three affects on macrophages does endotoxin have?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: divide

Output: By inducing the release of IL-1, endotoxin induces B lymphocytes (but not T lymphocytes) to do what?


Input: disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Output: The deposition of thrombi in small vessels, with consequent damage to the areas deprived of blood supply.

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: Adrenal insufficiency due to infarction leading to rapid death, found in some cases of meningococcal infection.

Output: Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: 1. activation of factor XII to set off the intrinsic pathway 2. platelets release the contents of their granules, which are involved in clotting 3. neutrophils release proteins known to stabilize fibrin clots

Output: What 3 ways does endotoxin contribute to coagulation?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?


Input: lecithinase

Output: Name the lipase toxin produced by the clostridium of gas gangrene.


Input: a homogeneous pore forming toxin

Output: Alpha toxin of Staphylococcus aureus is an example of what?

What are the two mechanisms leading to cell death?