Input: What influences contour currents? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Topography

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What occurs when waves hit an obstacle straight on? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Wave reflection

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: direction would a gyre in the Southern Hemisphere flow towards? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Left

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is a fetch? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: The uninterrupted distance over which wind blows

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is the rate of shore erosion dependent upon? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Exposure to wave activity

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is another name for undercurrents? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Countercurrents

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where does the largest amount of upwelling occur? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Equatorial upwelling

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is a disadvantage of using tidal power? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: It cannot sustain the world's needs

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the restoring force of a wave? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: The force that returns water to a calm state

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What drives a storm surge ashore? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Frontal storms

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the disadvantage of using drift bottles to study currents? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: The intermediate movements of the bottles are unknown.

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What chemical is responsible for depleting the Earth's ozone at a rapid rate? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: CFCs

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The sun and moon are aligned in a right angle with Earth at its vortex. What kind of tide would this produce? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Neap tide

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What type of net has been particularly disruptive in the mistargeting of species? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Drift nets

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where is the seaward limit of a beach? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Where the sediment stops moving onshore or offshore

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What function does a bay mouth bar provide? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: a.It protects the area from waves. b.It protects the area from turbulence. c.It encourages the accumulation of sediments.

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is bycatch? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: Organisms unintentionally killed during the harvesting of a different, desirable species

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Geologists use ____ to view sediment layers, depth, and possible reservoir structures. [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: sound

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What could happen if global warming were to continue? [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: a.Changes in global winds and rainfall b.Rise in ocean temperatures c.Decrease in dissolved gases

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F-Chemicals and fertilizers are a primary cause of coral reef damage [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: T

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F-Clownfish confuse their prey into thinking they are swimming in the opposite direction by having an eye sized spot on their tail. [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: T

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F-Coral reefs are formed at all latitudes on the planet. [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: F

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F-Coral reefs form at all latitudes on the planet. [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: F

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F-Corals generally feed during the day by stinging their prey. [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: F

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F-Global warming is having little or no effect on coral reefs. [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: F

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F-Humbolt squid have teeth in their tentacle suction cups. [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: T

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F-Coral bleaching can sometimes be good for future coral development. [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: T

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F-When walking in the ocean you should always take care to step with your feet versus dragging them [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: F

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F-If algae is not eaten by fish on the reef, the reef will eventually die. [They evaporate into the air.]

Output: T

Oceanography Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Capital budgeting decisions

Output: Investment decisions

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Capital expenditure decisions

Output: Investment decisions involving the acquisition of long-lived assets

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Net present Value

Output: the sum of the present values of all cash flows

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Required Rate of Return

Output: the minimum return that top management wants to earn on investments

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Internal Rate of Return

Output: The rate of return that equates the present value of future cash flows to the investment outlay

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Cost of Capital

Output: The weighted average of the costs of debt and equity financing used to generate capital for investments.

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Depreciation Tax Shield

Output: the tax savings resulting from depreciation

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Accounting rate of return

Output: the average after-tax income from a project divided by the average investment in the project

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Payback Period

Output: The length of time it takes to recover the inital cost of an investment

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Budgets

Output: formal documents that quantify a company's plan for achieving its goals

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Flexible budget

Output: a set of budget relationships that can be adjusted to various activity levels

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Slack

Output: a budget with targets that are easy to achieve

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Budget committee

Output: the group within a company that is responsible for approval of various budgets

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Management by exception

Output: only exceptional variences from the budget are investigated

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Static budget

Output: a budget that is not adjusted for the acual leval of production

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Budget variences

Output: Differences between budgeted and actual amounts

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Master Budget

Output: a comprehensive planning document that incorporates a number of individual budgets

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Zero-based budgeting

Output: a method of budget preparation that requires budgeted amoundts to be justified by each period at the start of each budget period, even if the amounts were supported in prior budget periods.

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Standard cost

Output: the cost that management believes should be incurred to produce a good or service under anticipated conditions

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Budgeted cost

Output: the cost of a single unit

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Attainable Standards

Output: standard costs that take into account the possibility that a variety of circumstances may lead to costs that are greater than ideal

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Ideal Standards

Output: costing standards developed under the assumption that no obstacles to the production process will be encountered

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Standard Cost Vairence

Output: analysis between the difference between a standard and an actual cost

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Variance Analysis

Output: breaking down the difference between standard and actual cost into two components (material price material quality, labor rate and labor efficiency)

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Material price variance

Output: equal to the difference between the actual price per unit of material and the standard price per unit of the material times the actual quantity of material purchased

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Material quantity variance

Output: equal to the difference between the actual quantity of material used and the standard quantity of material allowed for the number of units produced times the standard price

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Labor rate variance

Output: equal to the difference between the actual wage rate and the standard wage rate times the actual number of labor hours worked

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Labor Efficiency Varience

Output: equal to the difference between the actual number of hours worked and the standard labor hours allowed for the number of units produced times the standard labor wage rate

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] controllable overhead varience

Output: the difference between the actual amount of overhead and the amount of overhead that would be included in a flexible budget for the actual level of production

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] overhead volume varience

Output: equal to the difference between the amount of overhead included in the flexible budget and the amount of overhead applied to production using the standard overhead rate

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Decentralized organizations

Output: a firm that grants substantial decision-making authority to managers of sub units

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Lack of goal congruence

Output: managers of subunits may pursue peronal goals that are incompatible with goals of the company as a whole

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Responsiblity centers

Output: a subunit (department, subsidiary, or a division)

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Cost center

Output: a subunit that has responsibility for controlling costs but does not have responsiblity for generating revenue

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Investment Center

Output: a subunit that is responsible for generating revenue, controlling costs, and investing in assets

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Profit Center

Output: a subunit that has responsibility for generating revenue as well as for controlling costs

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Relative performance evaluation

Output: evaluating the profitibility of each profit center relative to the profitiblity of other, similar profit centers

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Return on investment

Output: the ratio of investment center income to invested capital

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Profit margin

Output: The ratio of income to sales

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Investment turnover

Output: the ratio of sales to invested capital

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Net operating profit after taxes

Output: investment center income

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Noninterest-bearing current liabilities

Output: current liabilities that do not require interest payments (accounts payable, income taxes payable, accrued liabilities, etc.)

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Residual income

Output: the net operating profit after taxes of an investment center in excess of its required profit

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Economic value added

Output: developed by stern stewart that accounts for accounting distortions that arise from following gaap

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Balanced Scorecard

Output: a set of performance measures constructed for four dimensions of performance (financial, customer, and internal process perspectives and learning and growth)

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Strategy map

Output: a diagram of the relationships across the four dimenstions of a balanced scorecard

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Transfer price

Output: the price that is used to value internal transfers of goods or services

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Horizontal analysis

Output: analyzing the dollar value and percentage changes in financial statment amounts across time

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] vertical analysis

Output: analyzing financial statment amounts in comparison to a base amount

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Management discussion and analysis

Output: the section that management provides stockholders and other financial statement users with explanations for financial results that are not obvious simply from reading the basic financial statements

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital Budget] Financial leverage

Output: the use of debt financing to acquire assets

Managerial Accounting Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: You can pass on the shoulder of the road? [True]

Output: False, you cannot


Input: You should be careful of motorcycles near intersections, RR tracks, bridges, and in bad weather? [True]

Output: True


Input: The driver and anyone over 6 years old must wear a seat belt when in the front seat? [True]

Output: True


Input: After passing a car you may return to the right lane when you see them in your mirror? [True]

Output: True


Input: You may not wear a headset or be able to see a TV from the driver's seat? [True]

Output: True


Input: Headlights should be dimmed 500ft. before meeting a car and 300ft. before passing a car? [True]

Output: True


Input: You must yield to vehicles with flashing yellow lights which are engaged in construction work? [True]

Output: True


Input: With few exceptions, you must have a license for the kind of vehicle you are driving? [True]

Output: True


Input: Accidents are caused at intersections because people do not look left and right before going? [True]

Output: True


Input: If under 17 and after curfew you need a parent or guardian or someone 18 or older who your folks approve of? [True]

Output: True


Input: If you pass a stopped school bus with the stop arm out you could lose you license for at least 3 months? [True]

Output: True


Input: Where do you stop at a stop sign? [True]

Output: At a marked stop line, before entering the crosswalk, or before entering the intersection if there is no crosswalk.


Input: When the light changes to green when may you proceed? [True]

Output: After first yielding the right-of-way to any persons or vehicles that are within the intersection.


Input: When coming to a RR crossing with no controls you should? [True]

Output: Look, listen, slow down in case you have to stop, and proceed when safe to do so.


Input: When the flashing lights at the RR crossing go off and the train clears when should you proceed? [True]

Output: After you check yo make sure another train is not approaching on another track.


Input: What should you do when an emergency vehicle is coming with flashing lights on? [True]

Output: Pull over to the right-hand edge of the highway and stop, if possible.


Input: When driving along the highway and your front wheels go off the road you should? [True]

Output: Grasp the steering wheel tightly and take your foot off the accelerator.


Input: If you are pulled over in Illinois car owners have these 3 things in the car? [True]

Output: 1. A license 2. Carry proof of insurance in the vehicle 3. Produce proof of insurance when stooped for a traffic violation during a random, or if you are involved in a traffic accident.


Input: A single solid line on your side of the center line means? [True]

Output: You must not cross the yellow line to pass another vehicle.


Input: Why are bridges dangerous in the winter? [True]

Output: There may be ice on the bridge even when other pavements are clear.


Input: Flashing red light means? [True]

Output: The same thing as a stop sign


Input: Seat belt law for kids under 6? [True]

Output: Anywhere in the vehicle


Input: If you need to drive in the fog, you must put on low beam lights and? [True]

Output: Drive at a speed that will allow you to stop within your field of vision


Input: the correct way to turn right on a red light? [True]

Output: Stop, give the right-of-way to any vehicles within the intersection, and then cautiously make your turn.


Input: Your driving privileges will be revoked for? [True]

Output: 1. Leaving the scene of an accident in which you are involved as a driver. 2. Drag racing 3. Driving or being in actual physical control of a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs


Input: The biggest factor in the fatal accidents is? [True]

Output: Alcohol


Input: How do you correct a skid? [True]

Output: Turn the front wheels in the direction of the skid.


Input: What should you do when you have a blow out when driving? [True]

Output: Grip the steering wheel firmly, take your foot off the gas pedal, and let the vehicle slow down before you drive into the shoulder.


Input: When coming out of an alley or driveway and before you enter the street you should? [True]

Output: Stop before reaching the sidewalk and yield to pedestrians and vehicles before proceeding.


Input: Your license will be suspended for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs if you? [True]

Output: *You take a chemical test and register an amount of alcohol equal to or over the legal level of intoxication *You refuse to take a chemical test *You take a chemical test and register any trace of a controlled substance or cannabis.


Input: If you refuse to take a chemical test what is the penalty? [True]

Output: Will receive a driver's license suspension for 6 months on a first offense, 36 months-second or more refusals within a 5 year period. -Evidence against him/her in court.


Input: Most rear end collisions are caused by? [True]

Output: the vehicle in back following to closely.


Input: When making a turn in the city you put your blinker on when? [True]

Output: 100 feet before turning


Input: What do you do when you hydroplane? [True]

Output: take your foot off the accelerator and let your vehicle slow down.


Input: Headlights are required to be on when? [True]

Output: From dusk-to-dawn. During periods of poor visibility-when weather conditions require the use of windshield wipers.


Input: What do you do when the red light is on the green arrow is on the direction you wish to go? [True]

Output: you can go in the direction of the arrow with caution.


Input: how do you pass a motorcycle? [True]

Output: The way you would pass another vehicle.


Input: What do you need to do to get your license back after it has been revoked for DUI? [True]

Output: Attend a remedial or rehabilitation program *Carry high-risk auto insurance for three years *Reinstatement by a secretary of state hearing officer and pay a $60.00 reinstatement fee.


Input: When metting a stopped school bus on a two lane or four lane road what do you do? [True]

Output: *Stop before meeting or overtaking a bus loading or unloading passengers on a two-lane highway. *You do not need to stop if you are traveling on a four-way lane highway in the opposite direction of a school bus.


Input: Describe respiration artifact and how to monitor it.

Output: Fairly rhythmic slow activity that is synchronous with body movement related to respiration; this movement causes mechanically induced impedance changes in an electrode. 2) Low or sharp wave occurring synchronously with inhalation or exhalation involving only the lectrodes on which the patient is lying. Try to eliminate by repositioning patient's head. Monitor by marking EEG recording with each inhalation and-or exhalation or use thermocouple or respirometer.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Describe EKG artifact and how to monitor it.

Output: There is no way to elimanate EKG artifact, although using a bipolar rather than referential montage to earleads; can put both A1 and A2 together in input 2 and this decreases the amplitude of the EKG artifact. Try to decrease by turning patient's head relative to trunk. Monitor by recording EKG using two chest leads-one on the upper left chest; second on the upper right chest-or a lead on each wrist. Should monitor EKG on every patient throughout the entire EEG recording.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Describe pacemaker artifact and how to monitor it.

Output: Seen as a fast spike which is the electrical stimulus delivered to the heart by an internal cardiac pacemaker. Pacemaker artifact will be seen in the channel monitoring EKG; should monitor EKG on every patient throughout entire EEG recording.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Describe tremor artifact and how to monitor it.

Output: Rhythmic theta activity with myogenic potentials (muscle artifact) superimposed that occurs at 4 to 7 Hz as the head or body tremors: often seen in patient's with Parkinson's disease. Monitor by placing electrode over extremity with tremor, can also be directly monitored by an accelerometer. An accelerometer is an electromagnetic detector that records sudden movement and change in direction of movement.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Describe electroretinogram artifact and how to eliminate it.

Output: Seen during photic stimulation in the prefrontal leads (Fp1and Fp2) most often at high sensitivities needed for recording suspected electrocerebral inactivity. The artifact will match the frequency of the photic stimulation. Hold an opaque card over eye to block photic stimulation flash from reaching the retina.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Decsribe skin potential artifact and how to eliminate and monitor it.

Output: Areas of skin with many sweat glands are electrically negative; sweat glands generate electrical potentials when active. Sweating can cause slow waves, most likely slow rolling delta waves. Try to eliminate by reducing cause of sweating, e.g., cool head, wipe area with alcohol, air conditioning. Monitor by placing two leads on the hand: one pn the palm and one on the dorsum.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: How are 60 Hz artifacts caused by electrostatic effects? How do you eliminate them?

Output: Caused by capacitance between 60 Hz conductors i.e., electrode wires, metal bed frames, the patient, or the technologist. Eliminate by determining cause of 60 Hz and remove, put on battery power, or turn off. Cover wires with sheet or towel. Use 60 Hz filter only if absolutely unable to remove artifact and document it use on the EEG.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: How are 60 Hz artifacts caused by electromagnetic effects? How do you eliminate them?

Output: Caused by electrical appliances or equipment, i.e., transformers, motors, high intensity lamps, power supplies, TV sets, radio, etc. Eliminate by determining cause of 60 Hz and remove, put on battery power, or turn off. Cover wires with sheet or towel. Use 60 Hz filter only if absolutely unable to remove artifact and its use document on the EEG.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Describe an electrode malfunction artifact and how to eliminate it.

Output: Caused by an electrically unstable electrode of high impedance. May appear as a spike or sharp wave or random slow wave with no field - an electrode "pop" Eliminate by repairing electrode and improving impedance.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Describe an intravenous (IV) drip artifact and how to monitor it.

Output: Resembles EKG artifact. Monitor drip by typing an "X" on EEG recording. Eliminate by asking nurse to turn of IV or use battery power when possible.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Describe pulse artifact and how to monitor it.

Output: Periodic slow wave that has a slight delay from but is timelocked to the EKG waveform. Monitor by recording EKG; especially useful if the heart rate is irregular.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Describe muscle artifact and how to eliminate it.

Output: Very short duration potentials that usually occur in clusters or periodic runs. They may resemble cerebral spike discharges except cerebral spikes are of much longer duration and will have a field. To eliminate ask patient to relax, drop the jaw or open mouth slightly.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Why is the use of the high frequency filter (HFF) not recommended to reduce muscle artifact?

Output: Excessive high frequency filtering will reduce the amplitude of these fast potentials and will also change their form. Single muscle potentials may look like spikes and repetitive potentials may look like cerebral fast waves.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: What is the corneoretinal potential?

Output: The cornea (the front of the eye) is positive relative to the retina (the back of the eye) which is negative

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: Describe how to monitor eye movement artifact.

Output: To distinguish eye movements from cortical slowing, place additional elelctrodes infraorbitally on the outer canthus of each eye (depending if the eye movement is horizontal or lateral). Reference the eye elcetrodes to the ear electrodes. Eye movements will be out-of-phase and cortical slowing will be in-phase.

Artifact from tongue mmovement; tip of tongue is negative, root of tongue is positive. Monitor by placing one electrode above the mouth and one electrode below the mouth. Ask the patient to say "Lilt" La La La" to reproduce the artifact."


Input: [complementary] alternative

Output: use in place of conventional medicine


Input: [complementary] people think safer because natural, they don't require RX, a lot of hear say of what works for them (anecdotal testimony)

Output: why do people seek alternative therapy


Input: [complementary] bases on like cures like, small highly diluted quantities can cure, may be prepared from botanical, zoologic, or pharmacologic agents

Output: what is homeopathic medicine


Input: [complementary] they are not regulated under DSHEA, they can be RX or OTC,

Output: what is the regulatory status of homeopathic remedies


Input: [complementary] are required to have ingredient list, instructions for safe use, instructions for safe use, must be a self limiting conditions

Output: what is the homeopathy nomeclature and OTC labeling


Input: [complementary] expiration date

Output: what is not required on labeling


Input: [complementary] dilutions of 1/10 = "X" (1X=1/10, 2X=1/100)

Output: how do you determine the dilutions


Input: [complementary] C 1C=1/100

Output: dilution of 1/100 would read


Input: [complementary] the evidence results are mixed and inconsistent but very likely to be safe

Output: what about the clinical evidence


Input: [complementary] english language journals generally show homeopathy to be ineffective so probably won't find in journals. doesn't mean not good study

Output: what about bias against homeopathy


Input: [complementary] in the US herbals are regulated under DSHEA

Output: is a herbal/botanical medicine a drug


Input: [complementary] established by German Federal Health agency evaluates the safety and efficacy of herbs through clinical trials and cases that are published in scientific literature

Output: German Commission E what is it


Input: [complementary] what part of the plant was used

Output: you want to make sure when using herbs what


Input: [complementary] evidence and safety

Output: Natural medicines comprehensive database rates what


Input: [complementary] efficacy but not safety

Output: The natural standards website out of boston also rate


Input: [complementary] 4 listed in slide

Output: womens health and botanicals:


Input: [complementary] cimicifuga racemosa

Output: What is another name for black cohosh?


Input: [complementary] like estrogen and evidence is for menopause. preliminary evdience with 5HT

Output: what is the MOA of black cohosh


Input: [complementary] pregnancy, safety with breast or uterine cancer should be avoided. avoid tomoxifen

Output: When would you not recommend black cohosh


Input: [complementary] possibly effective with remifenmin to relief menopausal symptoms similar to estrogen

Output: what is the efficacy associated with black cohosh


Input: [complementary] interaction with oral contraceptive, possibly effective with PMDD and PMS

Output: what are some things to know about chastetree berry


Input: [complementary] NOT FOR PMS, potenially helpfuly for atopic dermatitis and eczema, interactions with warfarin or antiplatelet effects, not much good efficacy in trial

Output: What to know about primrose oil


Input: [complementary] phytoestrogens, SOY, works as estrogen or antiestrogenic, antioxidant, evidence for hyperlipidemia and menopausal symptoms, don't use with breast cancer or tamoxifen, good source of protein, conflicting evidence as where to get SOY food or sources, know for menopausal symptoms

Output: What to know about SOY


Input: [complementary] 5HT, dopamin, NE

Output: what are the 3 NT that play a role


Input: [complementary] hypericum perforatum

Output: what is the latin name for St. johns wort


Input: [complementary] 5HT, norepinephrine and dopamine

Output: what is MOA of ST. johns wort


Input: [complementary] mild to moderate depression, not good evidence for everything else

Output: what about the evidence for St. johns wort


Input: [complementary] photosensitivity, abrupt D/c get withdrawal symptoms, don't recommend with pregnant/breast feeding or other psych diorder

Output: what to tell patients for St. johns wort


Input: [complementary] INDUCER of cyp3A4, may also induce cyp1a2 and 2c9, OC and warfarin, cyclosporine, digoxin, and statins

Output: what is the interaction with St. john worts


Input: [complementary] 300mg tid, standard mg, depression don't want them self treating need cognitive therapy, drug interactions, less evidence than conventional med, have to take 3 times daily

Output: what is the dosing and problems


Input: [complementary] used for depression and osteoarthritis

Output: what is SAMe


Input: [complementary] efficacy similar for tri-cyclic, may take longer to work for arthritis than stardard

Output: what about the efficacy for SAMe


Input: [complementary] cost

Output: what are the problems


Input: [complementary] uses are depression and tension-type headaches

Output: what is 5-HTP


Input: [complementary] lots of concern about safety and since similar to 5HT interaction

Output: what about the 5HTP safety


Input: [complementary] NE and 5HT

Output: what two NT are associate with imbalance in anxiety


Input: [complementary] anxiety

Output: what is KAVA used for


Input: [complementary] may be unsafe but not officially pulled but really can't find. associated with hepatotoxicity. there is evidence but safety makes it not a good product to recommend

Output: what about safety


Input: [complementary] agents for weight loss

Output: study from slide on page 11


Input: [complementary] very effective but safety concern. removed from market

Output: what about ephedra


Input: [complementary] pheylpropanolamine, pulled from market

Output: what about dextrim


Input: [complementary] no st john for evidence and no for 5HTP for safety

Output: should you use st john wort or 5HTP for weight loss


Input: [complementary] works by appetite suppressant enhancing sensation of satiety

Output: how does HOODIA work


Input: [complementary] can buy over the counter for asthma but is dangerous for weight loss

Output: ephedrine


Input: [complementary] increases HR, AKA green orange, evidence used alone is not good but with other may be some evidence. similar to ephedra, with over dose can cause MI and stroke, interactions with Grapefruit juice

Output: what is citrus aurantium


Input: [complementary] hypertension and cardio vascular

Output: how would you want to advice against citrus aurantium


Input: [complementary] stimulation has caffeine and polyphenols

Output: what about green ten


Input: [complementary] guarana, green tea, and mate

Output: what are caffeine like products


Input: Immune system function is defined as _______-- [Hematopiesis]

Output: Immunocompetence


Input: Efforts to enhance a persons own body systems to fight disease include the development of drugs to stimulate ___________ and immune function. [Hematopiesis]

Output: Hematopsis


Input: Drugs that stimulate immune function are called ________, biologic response modifiers, and immunomodulators. [Hematopiesis]

Output: Immunostimulants


Input: Antiviral drugs are more accurately called ________________ because they help a compromised immune system regain normal function rather than stimulating "supranormal" function. [Hematopiesis]

Output: Immunorestoritives


Input: A suspension of weaked Mycobacterium bovis long used as an immunizing agent against tuberculosis. [Hematopiesis]

Output: Bacillus Calmette - Guerin vaccine


Input: A recombinant DNA version of interleukin 2 (IL-2); activates cellular immunity; produces tumor necrosis factor, interleukin -1 (IL-1) and interferon gamma; and inhibits tumor growth. [Hematopiesis]

Output: Aldesleukin (Proleukin)


Input: Approved for treatment of chronic hepatitis C, a condition that can lead to liver failure and liver cancer [Hematopiesis]

Output: Interferon alfa -n1 and alfacon -1


Input: Drug formulations of erythropoietin, a hormone from the kidney that stimulates bone marrow production of red blood cells. [Hematopiesis]

Output: Darbepoetin alfa (aranesp) and epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit)


Input: Recombinant IL- 11, which stimulates platelet production; used to prevent thrombocytopenia and to reduce the need for platelet transfusions in patients with cancer who are receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. [Hematopiesis]

Output: Oprevekin (Neumega)


Input: Exogenous drug preparations have the same mechanisms of action as the endogenous products. Describe the mechanism of action. [Hematopiesis]

Output: Exogenous drug preparations have the same mechanisms of action as the endogenous products. CSF binds to receptors on the cell surfaces of immature blood cells in the bone marrow and increases the number, maturity, and functional ability of the cells. Interferons called alfa, beta, or gamma according to specific characteristics also bind to specific cell surface receptors and alter intracellular activities. In viral infections they induce enzymes that inhibit protein synthesis and degrade viral ribonucleic acid. As a result, viruses are less able to enter uninfected cells reproduce and release new viruses.


Input: Describe the antiproliferative and immunoregulatory activities of interferons. [Hematopiesis]

Output: In addition to their antiviral effects interferons also have antiproliferative and immunoregulatory activities. They can increase expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules; augment the activity of natural killer (NK) cells; increase the effectiveness of antigen presenting cells in inducing the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells to target cells; and inhibit angiogenesis (formation of blood vessels). Because of these characteristics, the interferons are used mainly to treat viral infections cancers.


Input: Why are exogenous cytokines given only by a subcutanious (Sub - Q) or intravenous (IV) injection? [Hematopiesis]

Output: Exogenous cytokines are given by subcutanous (Sub - Q) or intravenous (IV) injection because they are proteins that would be destroyed by digestive enzymes if given orally.


Input: What is the function of erythropoietin in the human body? [Hematopiesis]

Output: Erythropoietin is a hormone from the kidney that stimulates the bone marrow production of read blood cells.


Input: How do antiviral drugs improve the health of clients with the diagnosis of AIDS? [Hematopiesis]

Output: In AIDS the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes severe immune system dysfunction, so the antiviral drugs indirectly improve immunologic function.


Input: How does epoetin alfa work? How long will the patient have to take it? [Hematopiesis]

Output: Epoetin alfa is a drug formulation of a hormone erythropoiesis, from the kidneys that stimulates bone marrow production of red blood cells. Erythropoiesis stimulating drugs have been used to raise the hemoglobin level and reduce the need for blood transfusions in many patients with anemia. Epoetin is prescribed a the lowest dose that is effective in raising hemoglobin levels just enough to avoid the need for blood transfusion. The hemoglobin levels must be regularly monitored until the stabilize.


Input: Mrs. Cantons last hemoglobin level was 14grams per deciliter (g/dL). What might this indicate? [Hematopiesis]

Output: Studies indicated an increased risk of serious cardiovascular problems (ex hypertension, thromboembolic events) and death in patients with chronic renal failure and an increased risk of tumor progression and death in patients with cancer. These problems became evident with the drugs were used to achieve normal hemoglobin levels of 12 to 14 grams per deciliter. A black box warning for this drug advises prescribers to avoid using Epogen in patients with hemoglobin values of 12g/dL or greater.


Input: Filgrastim and some interferons are conjugated with polyethylene glycol, in a process called ___________, to prolong drug actions. [Hematopiesis]

Output: Pegylation


Input: Mr. Adler prescribed interferon. Which of the following is his diagnosis? a. Hypertension b. Viral hepatitis c. Sepsis d. Bacteremia [Hematopiesis]

Output: b. Rationale: Interferons are used mainly for viral hepatitis and certain types of cancer.


Input: Mr. Smith is diagnosed with severe neutropenia. The physician prescribes filgrastim. Which of the following is the desired effect? a. To increase white blood cells b. To increase red blood cells c. To increase electrolytes d. To decrease leukocytes. [Hematopiesis]

Output: a. Rationale: Filgrastim is used to increase white blood cells and decrease risks of infection in in patients who have or are at high risk for severe neutropenia.


Input: Adverse effects of epoetin and darbepoetin include in creased risks of which of the following conditions? a. Hyperlipidemia b. Diabetes mellitus type 2 c. Myocardial infraction d. Cirrhosis of the liver. [Hematopiesis]

Output: c. Rationale: Adverse effects of epoetin and darbepoetin include increased risks of hypertension, myocardial infraction, and stroke, especially when used to increase hemoglobin above 12dL.


Input: Mr. Caisse receiving anticancer drug therapy that damaged his bone marrow. Which of the following medicaitons would you expect his physician to order? a. Oprelvekin b. Epoetin c. Bacillus Calmette - Guerin vaccine d. Simvastatin [Hematopiesis]

Output: b. Rationale: A drug formulation of erythropoietin is given to increase red blood cells in patients with anemia associated with chronic renal failure or bone marrow damage due to anticancer drug therapy.


Input: Mr. Bartholomew is self administering epoetin in the home. You encourage him to include which of the following supplements as part of his daily medication regimen? a. Iron b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin A d. Folic acid [Hematopiesis]

Output: a Rationale: Epoetin is not effective unless sufficient iron is present, and most patients need an iron supplement. When an iron preparation is prescribed the home care nurse may need to emphasize the importance of taking it.


Input: You are caring for Ms. Smith in the home. She is prescribed filgrastim. Which of the following would be included in your education plan? a. Dietary restrictions b. Exercise restrictions c. Fall prevention d. Techniques to reduce exposure infection. [Hematopiesis]

Output: d. Rationale: With filgrastim, the nurse may need to help the patient and family with techniques to reduce exposure to infection.


Input: Mr. brown is prescribed sargramostim. He is diagnosed with liver impairment. Which of the following would you expect the physician to do? a. Monitor LFTs every 2 weeks. b. Monitor BUN and creatinine every week. c. Monitor CBC every other day d. Monitor electrolytes weekly [Hematopiesis]

Output: a. Rationale: With preexisting hepatic impairment, sargramostim increase serum bilirubin and liver enzymes. Values decline to baseline levels when the drug is stopped or its dosage is reduced. Liver function tests are recommended every 2wks for clients with preexisting impairment.


Input: Mr. Cheshire is diagnosed with hepatitis B. The physician orders interferon alfa. Mr. Cheshire is at risk of developing which of the following? a. Drug tolerance b. Chronic flank pain c. Drug resistance d. Subclinical hepatitis B [Hematopiesis]

Output: c. Rationale: Hepatitis B become chronic in 5 to 10% of patients. Interferon alfa and lamivudine or other antiviral drugs may be used for treatment. Drug resistance may develop, and active hepatitis may resume when the drugs are discontinued.


Input: Because _______ can be given once per week and maintains constant blood levels it has largely replaced other interferons for both monotherapy and combination therapy for hepatitis C. [Hematopiesis]

Output: peginterferon


Input: Before receiving a bone marrow transplant the patient immune system is ___________ by anticancer drugs or irradiation. [Hematopiesis]

Output: suppressed


Input: Mr. Edward is diagnosed with superficial bladder cancer. They physician orders bacillus calmette gurerin. This drug is administered in which of the following ways? a. Intravenously b. Instilled into the urinary bladder c. Orally d. Intramuscular [Hematopiesis]

Output: b Rationale: Bacillus calmette guerin when instilled into the urinary bladder of patients with superficial bladder cancer causes remission in up to 82% of patients fro an average of 4yrs.


Input: Mr. Black is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. You would expect the physician to order a treatment regimen that includes which of the following? a. Interferon alfa b. bacillus calmette guerin c. filgrastim d. epoetin [Hematopiesis]

Output: a Rationale: Interferon alfa has demonstrated anti-tumor effects in multiple myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, and others.


Input: Mr. Carter id diagnosed with hairy cell leukemia. The physician orders interferon therapy to normalize his WBC. How long does therapy last with this drug? a. 4 to 6 weeks b. Indefinitely c. Until the WBC count is normal for 3 months d. 6 to 12 months. [Hematopiesis]

Output: b Rationale: In hairy cell leukemia interferons normalize WBC counts in 70 to 90% of patients. Drug therapy must be continued indefinitely to avoid relapse with usually develops rapidly after the drug is discontinued.


Input: After Mr. Gordon undergoes bone marrow transfusion, his physician administers sargramostim. When would your expect the first dose to be administered? a. 30mins after the bone marrow infusion b. 1hr after the bone marrow infusion. c. Immediately after the bone marrow infusion d. 2 to 4 hrs after the bone marrow infusion. [Hematopiesis]

Output: d. Rationale: When sargamostim is given to patients with cancer who have under gone bone marrow transplantation the drug should be stared 2 to 4hrs after the last dose of antineoplastic chemotherapy for 12 hrs after the last radiotherapy treatment.


Input: When filgrastim is given to prevent infection in neutropenic patients with cancer the drug should be stared at least _______ hrs after the last dose of the anti-neoplastic agent and continued during the period of bone marrow suppression and recovery. [Hematopiesis]

Output: 24


Input: Mr. Wilson is receiving darbepoetin. The laboratory report indicates that his hemoglobin level increased 2 g/dl in 2 weeks. You would expect the physician to do which of the following? a. Increase the medicaiton b. Reduce the medication c. Maintain the current dose d. Discontinue the medication. [Hematopiesis]

Output: b Rationale: With darbepoetin and epoetin, dosage is adjusted to achieve and maintain a hemoglobin value of no more than 12g/dL. Dosage should be reduced if the hemoglobin level approaches 12g/dl or increase by more than 1 g/dL in any 2week period.


Input: Mrs. Crumb is beginning darbepoetin therapy. How often will the hemoglobin be measured? a. Weekly until stabilized b. Twice weekly until stabilized. c. Monthly until stabilized. d. Every other day until stabilized. [Hematopiesis]

Output: b. Rationale: With darbepoeitin and epoetin iron stores should be measured before and periodically during treatment. Hemoglobin should be measured twice weekly until the level is stabilized and maintenance drug doses are established.


Input: For patients who experience severe adverse reactions with interferon alfa, dosage should be reduced by _________ or administration stopped until the reaction subsides. [Hematopiesis]

Output: 50%


Input: With most of the hematopoietic and immunostimulant drugs, a CBC with WBC differential and ______ should be done before and during treatment to monitor response and prevent avoidable adverse reactions. [Hematopiesis]

Output: Platelet count


Input: [1] Derived from Greek word "life." ___ refers to organisms and substances which contribute to intestinal microbial balance. They are beneficial or "friendly" intestinal bacteria. [2]

Output: Probiotic

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Lack of nutrient absorption from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream. [2]

Output: Malabsorption

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A microflora (good bacteria) that acts as a digestive aid and lives in your intestines helping your body fight disease. [2]

Output: Acidophilus

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An enzymatic aid in the digestion of proteins, carbs, and fats. Helps promote intestinal health. The most commonly used ___ ___ are hydrochloric acid, pancreatin, and enzyme preparations. Without proper digestion, the molecules that have not been ingested completely can be inappropriately absorbed into the systemic circulation causing various diseases and the development of food allergies. [2]

Output: Digestive Aids

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Microscopic germs. Some ___ are "harmful" and can cause disease, while other "friendly" ___ protect the body from harmful invading organisms [2]

Output: Bacteria

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A substance released by the liver into the intestines for the digestion of fats. [2]

Output: Bile

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A process by which nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal tract into the bloodstream to be used by the body. If the nutrients are not absorbed, the body becomes deficient in building and healing substances. [2]

Output: Absorption

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Inflammation of the gums surrounding the teeth. [2]

Output: Gingivitis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Inflammation of the liver usually resulting in jaundice. May be caused by a bacterial or viral infection, parasitic infestation, alcohol, drugs, toxins, or transfusion of incompatible blood. Can be life-threatening. Severe ___ may lead to cirrhosis and chronic liver dysfunction. [2]

Output: Hepatitis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An inorganic acidic compound, excreted by the stomach, that aids in digestion. [2]

Output: Hydrochloric Acid (HCI)

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The "friendly" bacteria present in the intestines that are essential for the digestion and metabolism of certain nutrients. [2]

Output: Intestinal Flora

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pertaining to the stomach, small and large intestines, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. [2]

Output: Gastrointestinal

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Distention of the stomach or other intestinal tract parts with air or other gases. [2]

Output: Flatulence

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Inflammation of the stomach lining. [2]

Output: Gastritis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Inflammation of the stomach and the intestines [2]

Output: Gastroenteritis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Breach in lining of the digestive tract due to excess acid, occurring in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. [2]

Output: Peptic Ulcer

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Feelling that one is about to vomit [2]

Output: Nausea

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A condition caused by elevation of bilirubin (yellowish bile pigment) in the body and characterized by yellowing of the skin. [2]

Output: Jaundice

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Recurrent chronic abdominal pain with constipation and or diarrhea caused by abnormal contractions of colon muscles. [2]

Output: IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)/ Spastic Colon

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A condition in which the nutrients found in food are not absorbed by the body. [2]

Output: Intestinal Malabsorption

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Insufficient gastric acid output [2]

Output: Hypochlorhydria

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Enlargement of the liver [2]

Output: Hepatomegaly

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pain rising from abdomen to throat, often accompanied by bitter fluid in the mouth. [2]

Output: Heartburn/ Pyrosis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hard mass of bile pigments, cholesterol, and calcium salts in the gallbladder. [2]

Output: Gallstone

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Infrequent, difficult, often painful bowel movements with hard feces: irregularity. [2]

Output: Constipation

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Any inflammation of the colon, causing diarrhea and lower abdominal pain. [2]

Output: Colitis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The stagnation of bile within the liver [2]

Output: Cholestasis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Presence of gallstones [2]

Output: Cholelithiasis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Inflammation of the gallbladder [2]

Output: Cholecystitis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Psychogenic syndrome of overeating followed by vomiting. [2]

Output: Bulimia

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Excess bile pigment in blood that causes jaundice. [2]

Output: Bilirubinemia

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Extreme loss of appetite, especially in adolescent females, causing severe weight loss and starvation. [2]

Output: Anorexia Nervosa

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Loss of appetite [2]

Output: Anorexia

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Severe dysentery (diarrhea with blood and mucus in feces) caused by protozoan amoebas. [2]

Output: Amebic Dysentery

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Swallowing of air. [2]

Output: Aerophagy

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Emergency condition caused by damage to one or more abdominal organs that results in intense pain and shock. [2]

Output: Acute Abdomen

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Leaving a burning sensation in the mouth. [2]

Output: Acrid

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Absence of hydrocholoric acid in the stomach [2]

Output: Achlorhydria

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Periodontal disease [2]

Output: Pyorrhea

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Vomiting [2]

Output: Regurgitation

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Watery, slightly acidic secretion of salivary glands that moistens food and initiates its breakdown. [2]

Output: Saliva

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An intestinal disease in the tropics, due to infestation of blood flukes, that causes anemia, diarrhea, dysentery, and cirrhosis; snail fever. [2]

Output: Schistosomiasis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Benign growth on mucous membranes especially in the nose, ear, or stomach. [2]

Output: Polyp

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Successive contractions of tubular wall. [2]

Output: Peristaltic Waves

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Successive muscular contractions of the intestines, which move food through the gastrointestinal tract. [2]

Output: Peristalsis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Applied to gastric secretions and areas affected by them. [2]

Output: Peptic

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The microbial inhabitants of a particular region (eg. the colon) [2]

Output: Microflora

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cavity within a tubular structure. [2]

Output: Lumen

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pertaining to the liver [2]

Output: Hepatic

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An enlarged vein in the anus wall, especially due to prolonged constipation or diarrhea, characterized by fissure, painful swelling, and bleeding. [2]

Output: Hemorrhoid/ Piles

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Vomiting; vomited matter [2]

Output: Emesis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Saclike out-pouching of the wall of the colon. [2]

Output: Diverticulum

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Process of breaking down large particles and high molecular-weight substances into small molecules. [2]

Output: Digestion

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Aids excretion of bile by the liver, so there is a greater flow of bile. [2]

Output: Choleretic

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Agent that stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder. [2]

Output: Cholecystokinetic

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Intestinal gas [2]

Output: Flatus

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Crack in membrane lining [2]

Output: Fissure

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Digestive waste products [2]

Output: Feces

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Infection of the intestinal tract that causes severe diarrhea mixed with blood and mucus. [2]

Output: Dysentery

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Digestive disorder with abdominal pain and gas after eating, sometimes with nausea and vomiting. [2]

Output: Dyspepsia/ Indigestion

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Condition characterized by the existence of diverticular sacs at weak points in the walls of the alimentary tract especially the intestine. [2]

Output: Diverticulosis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Colonic diverticulosis with inflammation. [2]

Output: Diverticulitis

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Frequent bowel evacuation, especially of soft or liquid feces. [2]

Output: Diarrhea

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Natural anticoagulant produced by liver cells as a polysaccharide. [2]

Output: Heparin

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The cells in the pancreas, which manufacture insulin. [2]

Output: Beta Cells

Digestive System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [comparative planetology] terrestrial planets

Output: rocky planets similar in overall composition to Earth

cosmic perspective chapter 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of the solar system by examining and understanding the similarities and differences among worlds


Input: [comparative planetology] jovian planets

Output: giant gaseous planets similar in overall composition to Jupiter

cosmic perspective chapter 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of the solar system by examining and understanding the similarities and differences among worlds


Input: [comparative planetology] hydrogen compounds

Output: compounds that contain hydrogen and were common in the solar nebula

cosmic perspective chapter 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of the solar system by examining and understanding the similarities and differences among worlds


Input: [comparative planetology] asteroid

Output: a relatively small and rocky object that orbits a star

cosmic perspective chapter 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of the solar system by examining and understanding the similarities and differences among worlds


Input: [comparative planetology] asteroid belt

Output: the region of our solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in which asteroids are heavily concentrated

cosmic perspective chapter 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of the solar system by examining and understanding the similarities and differences among worlds


Input: [comparative planetology] comet

Output: a relatively small, icy object that orbits a star

cosmic perspective chapter 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of the solar system by examining and understanding the similarities and differences among worlds


Input: [comparative planetology] flyby

Output: spacecraft that fly past a target object, usually just once, as opposed to entering a bound orbit of the object

cosmic perspective chapter 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of the solar system by examining and understanding the similarities and differences among worlds


Input: [comparative planetology] orbiter

Output: spacecraft that go into orbit of another world for long-term study

cosmic perspective chapter 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

the study of the solar system by examining and understanding the similarities and differences among worlds


Input: [What is an atom?] What is a nucleus?

Output: tiny central core of an atom and is composed of protons and neutrons


Input: [What is an atom?] What is a mass number?

Output: total number of protons and neutrons in an atom


Input: [What is an atom?] What are isotopes?

Output: atoms in the same element that have same # of protons but different #'s of neutrons


Input: [What is an atom?] What is an example of an isotope?

Output: 15 E 7


Input: [What is an atom?] What is an example of a mass number?

Output: total number of protons and neutrons


Input: [What is an atom?] What is the number on the top of an isotopic notation? ex:// 15 <--- E 7

Output: the mass number


Input: [What is an atom?] What is the number on the bottom of an isotopic notation? ex:// 15 E 7 <---

Output: atomic number


Input: [What is an atom?] What is ANOTHER form of isotopic notation?

Output: neon-20


Input: [What is an atom?] What does amu stand for?

Output: Atomic Mass Unit


Input: [What is an atom?] What is amu?

Output: relative mass of a standard reference isotope


Input: [What is an atom?] What is atomic mass?

Output: weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occuring sample of the element


Input: [What is an atom?] How is atomic mass calculated?

Output: amu x abundance


Input: [What is an atom?] In a periodic table, what are columns called? Is this the energy level?

Output: group/family no


Input: [What is an atom?] In a periodic table, what are rows called? Is this the energy level?

Output: periods, yes


Input: [What is an atom?] In _______ Democritus discovered/described ______.

Output: ~400 B.C. ~atomic philosophy-atoms r solid particles that r indivisible and indestructable


Input: [What is an atom?] In ________ John Dalton discovered _______.

Output: ~1803 ~transformed Democritus ideas on atoms into a scientific theory


Input: [What is an atom?] In ______ JJ Thompson discovered ________.

Output: ~1897 ~ electron


Input: [What is an atom?] In ________ James Chadwick discovered ___________.

Output: ~1891-1974 ~confirmed existence of neutron


Input: [What is an atom?] In __________ Eugene Goldstein discovered ________.

Output: ~1850-1930 ~ obsered cathode ray tube and found rays traveling opp. to cathode ray ---> composed of protons


Input: [What is an atom?] Who discovered the plum pudding model?

Output: JJ Thompson


Input: [What is an atom?] Describe the plum pudding model?

Output: atom is fillled with positively charged material is distributed and electrons were evenly distributed.


Input: Sketch and annotate a diagram showing the three pieces of hardware required to transfer images from a digital camera to a computer

Output: Computer-USB cable-Digital Camera

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: Name 2 commonly used pieces of hardware for backing up image files.

Output: Hard Drive/ Usb Stick/Memory Card or any appropriate answer

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: In an operating system which viewing mode is used to display small versions of image files?

Output: Thumbnail View

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: What does infrared scanning do on a modern scanner?

Output: Removes dust and scratches

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: In reality, what does the red eye removal feature in software actually do?

Output: Changes the colour of the red area

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: Why are JPEG images suitable for Web Pages?

Output: They can be compressed but still retain a high quality

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: Why are TIFF images suitable for printing?

Output: They are uncompressed so retain a high quality

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: Why are RAW files the most versatile format for editing in a graphics editor?

Output: They have not been processed before being saved

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: How can zip files be useful when transferrring many image files?

Output: Many images can be compressed into one file

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: Briefly state why it is desirable to use a compressed image format

Output: To reduce the file size

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: What is a “hot spot” when using flash photography?

Output: When the flash is seen reflected against the background

Digital Photography Assessment 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

Picture Taking Mode / Video Mode / Playback (Viewing) Mode


Input: [Behaviorism] Essentialist View

Output: View that gender differences are biologically determined.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] Functionalism

Output: a school of psychology arising in the United States in the late 1800s that attempted to understand how the mind functions. Functionalists held a practical, applied orientation, including an interest in mental abilities and in gender differences in those abilities.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] Gender

Output: the term used by some researchers to describe the traits and behaviors that are regarded by the culture as appropriate to men and women.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] maximalist view

Output: the view that many important differences exist between the sexes.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] minimalist view

Output: the view that few important differences exist between the sexes.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] Sex differences

Output: the term used by some researchers (and considered to be inclusive by others) to describe the differences between male and female research participants.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] structuralist

Output: a school of psychology arising in Europe in the 1880s that attempted to understand the workings of the conscious mind by dividing the mind into component parts and analyzing the structure of the mind.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] Case Study

Output: A qualitative method that focuses on gathering extensive info about a single person or small group

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] Constructionists

Output: a group of critics of science who argue that reality is constructed through perception and is inevitably subject to bias. Included in this bias is all scientific observation, thus excluding science from its claim of objectivity.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] Correlational Studies

Output: a descriptive research method that requires researchers to measure two factors known to occur within a group of people to determine the degree of relationship between the two factors.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] Data

Output: representations, usually in numerical form, of some facet of the phenomenon that the researcher observes.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] dependent variable

Output: the factor in an experiment that the experimenter measures to determine whether the manipulation of the independent variable has an effect.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] descriptive research methods

Output: a group of research methods, including naturalistic observation, surveys, and correlational studies, that yield descriptions of the observed phenomena.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] empirical observation

Output: collecting information through direct observation.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] ethnography

Output: a type of qualitative research in which the researcher becomes immersed in a situation in order to make observations and interpretations of that situation.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] experiment

Output: a type of study in which a researcher manipulates an independent variable and observes the changes in a dependent variable; only through experiments can researchers learn about cause-and-effect relationships.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] ex-post facto study

Output: a type of nonexperimental research design that involves the comparison of subjects, who are placed in contrast groups, on the basis of some pre-existing characteristic of the subjects.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] focus group

Output: a qualitative research method consisting of a discussion involving a group of people centered around a specific topic. hypothesis a statement about the expected outcome of a study.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] independent variable

Output: the factor in an experiment that the experimenter manipulates to create a difference that did not previously exist in the participants.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] interview

Output: a type of qualitative study in which respondents are interviewed in order to determine patterns or commonalities among their responses.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] meta-analysis

Output: a statistical analysis that allows the evaluation of many studies simultaneously.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] objectivity

Output: the notion that observation is free of bias by the observer.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] operational definition

Output: a definition of a variable in terms of operations used to obtain information on that variable, rather than in terms of concepts underlying that variable.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] practical significance

Output: an important result with practical implications; different from statistical significance.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] qualitative research

Output: research that focuses on understanding complexity and context rather than distilling situations to sets of numbers.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] quantification

Output: the process of turning observations into numerical data.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] quantitative research

Output: research that uses numerical data and statistical analysis.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] statistically significant result

Output: a result obtained by analysis with statistical tests and found unlikely to have been obtained on the basis of chance alone.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] subject variable

Output: a characteristic of the subjects, such as gender, that allows researchers to form contrast groups in quasi-experimental studies.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] survey

Output: a descriptive research method involving the measurement of attitudes through the administration and interpretation of questionnaires.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: [Behaviorism] variable

Output: a factor of interest to researchers; something that can have more than one value, as opposed to a constant, which has only one constant value.

Gender Psychological Perspectives (5th ed.) Linda Brannonfrom ch.1 and ch.2 glossary Flashcards - Cram.com

The school of psych. that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior as the subject matter of psychology and discounts the utility of unobservable mental events.


Input: A process called peristalis. Progressive contractions of the smooth muscle propel food.

Output: How is food moved through the digestive system?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: Food is chewed and mixed with saliva from glands. Food is swallowed and travels down the esophagus to the stomach. Food is further digested in the stomach then the small intestine where further digested and absorbed (chemical digestion). Water is absorbed and stool formed in the large intestine. Stool passes from the body via the rectum.

Output: Describe the process of digestion?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: Digestion begins in the mouth with mastication. Food is mixed with saliva which starts to break down the food into simple sugars.

Output: Describe the mouth and its function in digestion?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: The esophagus is an expandable hollow tube with a thick muscular wall that transports food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach. Sphincters control movement in and out of the esophagus.

Output: What is the role of the esophagus in digestion?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: The stomach is an expandable organ. In the stomach the food is churned and mixed with digestive juices forming a semiliquid mass called chyme. The pyloric sphincter lies between the stomach and the small intestine.

Output: What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: It is the longest part of the digestive tract and the major site of food digestion and absorption of nutrients. Secretions lubricate and protect the walls.

Output: Describe the role of the small intestine in digestion?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: Duodenum (forms a 180 arch in the abdomen, the pancreas is located within this loop) Jejunum which has thicker walls and more folds than the other portions. Ileum is the last portion that travels on to become the large intestine or colon.

Output: What are the three sections of the small intestine?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: The Duodenum does most of the digestion and the jejunum and ileum absorb most of the nutrients.

Output: What are the roles of the sections of the small intestine?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: The large intestine forms the stool and absorbs water back into the body.

Output: What is the role of the large intestine in digestion?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: The gallbladder is a saclike organ located on the lower surface of the liver that acts as a reservoir for bile one of the digestive enzymes produced by the liver. The gallbladder releases bile into the duodenum via the cystic duct.

Output: What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: The liver is the largest internal organ. The livers many functions include storage of glucose, protein synthesis and filtering of body wastes from the blood.

Output: What is the role of the liver in digestion?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: The spleen is vascular and vital in flighting infection as well as in the removal of red blood cells from circulation. The pancreas makes insulin, glucagon and digestive enzymes. The digestive enzymes travel via the main pancreatic duct to the duodenum.

Output: What is the role of the spleen and pancreas in digestion?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: Synthesis of certain vitamins by the intestinal bacteria (especially Vitamin K and certain B Vitamins)

Output: What is synthesised in the large intestine?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: -Cecum -Ascending Colon -Transverse Colon -Descending Colon

Output: What are the four sections of the large colon?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: The liver receives approximately 1.5 l/min of blood from the portal vein and the hepatic artery.

Output: How much blood does the liver recieve?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: Plays a major role in: -Maintaining normal blood glucose level -Lipid and protein metabolism -Removing drugs and hormones -Storing vitamins A, B12, D, E, and K -Storing minerals (iron and copper) -Secreting bile

Output: What does the liver do?

A & P Gastrointestinal System Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the gastrointestinal system (GI)?


Input: [2] Health care providers are paid a fixed monthly fee for a range of services for each HMO member in their care [1]

Output: Capitation

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A corporation of a number of different companies operating in a number of different fields [1]

Output: Conglomerate

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A medical expense that is a member's responsibility; usually a fixed amount [1]

Output: Co-payment

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A cost sharing arrangement in which the member pays a set amount toward covered services before the insurer begins to make any payments [1]

Output: Deductible

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Pays providers for each service performed [1]

Output: Fee-for-service

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A term referring to HMO primary care providers responsible for referring members to specialists [1]

Output: Gatekeeper

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] The state of being liable, responsible, legally bound or obligated, as to make good on any loss or damage that occurs [1]

Output: Liability

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Members or clients can seek treatment from providers outside the health care plan but pay more to do so [1]

Output: Opt-out-option

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A type of business management where hospitals, physicians, and clinics form to offer client care [1]

Output: Joint venture

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Referring to numerous distinct ethnic, religious, and cultural groups that coexist in society [1]

Output: Pluralistic

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] are societal rules or regulations that are advisable or obligatory to observe [1]

Output: Laws

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A set of moral standards and a code for behavior. A critical relflection about mortality and the rational analysys of it [1]

Output: Ethics

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Refers to the ethical implications of biomedical technology. Bio refers to life and issues in bioethics are often life and death issues [1]

Output: Bioethics

MOP MED LAW CH 1-2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. Evidence that aids in the interpretation of existing terms 2. Proof writing is not integrated, integrated or partially integrated. 3. Subsequent agreements 4. Show how the contract was entered into - (illegality, fraud, durress, mistake, lack of consideration etc.)

Output: What type of evidence is not barred by PER? (4 exceptions)


Input: No. Although they will look to that as a factor.

Output: Does a writing need to be signed or complete to be considered final?


Input: 1. Complete - an expression of the parties agreement in its entirety or 2. Partial - an expression integration of only a portion of the agreement

Output: What are the two types of integration?


Input: All the others plus: 1. Course of dealing, performance or trade usage of a term is allowed.

Output: While there are 4 exceptions of evidence that are admissible to determine whether a contract is completely, partially or not integrated at all, what evidence is admissible if the K is completely integrated?


Input: 1. Prior agreements that CONTRADICT a term in the contract 2. Contemporanious ORAL agreements

Output: What type of evidence does a partially integrated k preclude?


Input: 1. Contemporanious Writing 2. Course of dealing, course of performance or trade usage.

Output: In a partially integrated contract with additional consistent terms, what evidence may be introduced?


Input: 1. 4 corners or plain meaning rule. 2. Collateral contract concept - all final writings are deemed to be partial integrations 3. Reasonable person - if a writing appears to be a complete expression of parties agreement, it is so complete UNLESS the additional terms are such that it woudl be NATURAL to enter a separate agreement as to such terms, in which case the writing is a partial integration. 4. Intention of the parties.

Output: HOw do you determine whether a writiting is a complete or partial integration? (4 ways)


Input: If there is a merger clause, the K is presumed to be completely integrated absent proof of fraud, mistake or other defense.

Output: Merger Clause


Input: Cast that encircles trunk. [Spica Cast]

Output: Body Jacket Cast

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 6 Complications of Casts [Spica Cast]

Output: Infection Neurovascular compromise Compartment Syndrome Fat Embolism Hazards of immobility Disuse Syndrome (muscle atrophy)

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cast Care & Patient Education [Spica Cast]

Output: Plaster should not get wet, 24-72hr to completely dry. Padding should not be removed. No foreign objects inside cast Elevate & Ice first 24 hours Avoid covering for long periods Active ROM above and below. Smooth rough edges.

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Spica Cast Care [Spica Cast]

Output: Turn patient q2h to promote drying and distribute pressure. 3 people to turn; never use abductor bar. Skin assessment every shift. Prone, twice daily if possible Elimination Cast syndrome (partial or complete upper intestinal obstruction)

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cast Syndrome S/s [Spica Cast]

Output: Abdominal pain & distention, N/V, and decreased bowel sounds.

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cast Syndrome Treatment [Spica Cast]

Output: Gastric decompression with NG tube. Cast my need to be bivalved or removed.

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Post Cast Removal Care [Spica Cast]

Output: X-ray to confirm healing Skin care (re-casting=do not wash; else wash and oil to remove dead skin) Physical Therapy PRN

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mechanical force (sometimes generated by weights and pulleys) to put tension on a displaced bone or joint, such as a dislocated shoulder, to put it back in position and keep it still [Spica Cast]

Output: Traction

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Two Types of Traction [Spica Cast]

Output: Skin - 48-72hr, 5-10lbs, Buck's & Russell Skeletal - pins, screws, wires, through bone. 5 - 45lbs

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 8 Principles of Traction [Spica Cast]

Output: Patient in correct alignment Traction is continuous unless DR ordered Counter traction is maintained continuously All ropes must move freely Rope knots never touch pulley Ropes clear of linens & other. Weights hang freely at all times. Skeletal traction must never be released

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 9 Traction Complications [Spica Cast]

Output: Skin breakdown Muscle Weakness / Atrophy Constipation / Anorexia Isolation Pain / Infection Neurovascular compromise Atelectasis / Pneumonia Urinary stasis Venous Thromboembolism

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Used when internal fixation is contraindicated- often to treat open fractures or when a cast would not allow proper alignment of the fracture [Spica Cast]

Output: External Fixation

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Nursing Care: External Fixation [Spica Cast]

Output: Pin Care Never adjust hardware Never use device to move extremity Encourage isometric activity Disturbed body image May still need cast.

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Surgical treatment of fracture using pins, screws, rods, plates or prosthesis to stabilize. Permits early mobilization. [Spica Cast]

Output: Open Reduction with Internal Fixation (ORIF)

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 3 Locations of Hip Fractures [Spica Cast]

Output: Head, Neck, Trochanter

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 4 Hip Fracture S/s [Spica Cast]

Output: Inability to move leg except with severe pain. Externally rotated Shortening. Decreased ROM

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 3 Treatments for Hip Fractures [Spica Cast]

Output: Buck's traction until surgery ORIF Femur head fracture = prosthesis (total hip replacement)

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pre-Op Care of Hip Fracture [Spica Cast]

Output: Treat chronic health problems Treat pain Education (use of trapeze, exercise chair transfers, discharge plans)

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Post-Op Care of Hip Fracture [Spica Cast]

Output: First 24 - 48h relieve pain and prevent complications. Coughing and deep breathing Foot flexion q1-2h Compression socks Low dose heparin IV antibiotics I&O Abduction and alignment Neurovascular checks

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 3 Indications for Arthroplasty [Spica Cast]

Output: Relieve pain Improve or maintain ROM Correct deformity

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hip Fracture Nutrition [Spica Cast]

Output: High Protein High Calorie Vitamins B & C Calcium Iron for anemia

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Total Hip Replacement: Monitoring for Dislocation [Spica Cast]

Output: No adduction 4-6 weeks Weight bearing status No flexion > 90 degrees Chair: slide forward, push up, affect leg forward Use higher chairs / toilets Avoid internal & external rotation Sleeping position Sex position

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Total Hip Replacement: Dislocation S/s [Spica Cast]

Output: Pain at surgical site, swelling and immobilization Acute groin pain Shortening Abnormal internal or external rotation Inability to move leg or restricted Popping sensation

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 4 Immediate Complication of Fractures [Spica Cast]

Output: Fat Embolism Venous Thromboembolism Compartment Syndrome Infection

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Late Complications of Fractures [Spica Cast]

Output: Malunion Delayed union Non-union Avascular necrosis Chronic Osteomyelitis

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Occurs when fat is released into the blood from bone marrow and tissue; trapped in lung capillaries; edema & hemorrhage in alveoli impair O2 transport - hypoxia [Spica Cast]

Output: Fat Embolism (FES)

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Fat Embolism: Triad of Symptoms [Spica Cast]

Output: Acute Respiratory Failure Neurological Dysfunction (pt becomes confused) Petechial Rash (conjunctiva, inner cheeks, neck and axilla)

NKU NRS250 - Orthopedics *Part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com