Input: Do leasehold estates have a reversion of some sort? [Specific Performance]

Output: Yes.

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the English Rule regarding tenant access to property at the start of a leasehold? [Specific Performance]

Output: Landlord must provide the tenant with actual possession

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the American Rule regarding tenant access to property at the start of a leasehold? [Specific Performance]

Output: It is up to the tenant to make sure he has access to possession.

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What rule, American or English, is in use in the US regarding putting a tenant in possession? [Specific Performance]

Output: English Rule

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Who has to evict a holdover in America? [Specific Performance]

Output: The Landlord

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Definition: Assignment [Specific Performance]

Output: Giving all of your property rights in a leasehold over to a new person.

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Definition: Sublease [Specific Performance]

Output: Giving some (less than all) of your property rights over to a new person.

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A conveys an Assignment to B for use of the back shed in A's backyard. What does B have? [Specific Performance]

Output: B actually has a Sublease, not an Assignment. Even though the word assignment was used, A gave up less than all of his rights in the property, so it is a sublease.

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What can not be taken into account when denying an assignment? [Specific Performance]

Output: Personal taste, convenience, sensibility, to get a better bargain.

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Are landlords allowed to use self help repossession to dispossess a tenant who has not abandoned nor voluntarily surrendered, and claims possession adversely to a landlord's claim of breach of a lease? [Specific Performance]

Output: No, judicial process is the only lawful means to dispossess a tentant in that situation.

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Definition: Latent Defect [Specific Performance]

Output: a problem that is in existence efer the tenant takes possession and that the tenant does not know about.

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Definition: Patent Defect [Specific Performance]

Output: A problem that is in existence and that the tenant knows about before taking possession.

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Definition: Constructive Eviction [Specific Performance]

Output: when a circumstance prevent use and enjoyment of property.

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Theories that a tenant might deal with when dealing with inadequate premises [Specific Performance]

Output: - Theory of constructive eviction - Landlords Implied Duties - Breach of implied covenant of quiet enjoyment - Illegal Lease - Implied warranty of habitability

05-06 Fall - Property Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [two host parasites] cook thoroughly

Output: What is the most efficient way to kill parasites in meat?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] toxoplasma trichinella taenia solium

Output: What are the three parasites found in pork meat?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] Cat/rodent ingestion of cat feces ingestion of meat or feces of infected animals

Output: What is the natural cycle of toxoplasma? How are food animals infected? Humans?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] immunocompromised and pregnant indiviuals most commonly see in pork in the US

Output: Who are most at risk for toxoplasma?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] A nematode more than 3 days larval

Output: What is trichinella? How long do you need to freeze meat to kill trichinella? What stage is found in the meat?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] human/food animal definitive host intermediate host

Output: What is the natural cycle for tapeworms? What role do humans play? Food animals?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] taemia solium ingestion of cystercercoids in meat or from ingestion of eggs from feces

Output: What tapeworm is the most dangerous to humans? What are the two ways humans can get this infection?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] ingestion of humans feces neurocysticercosis

Output: What method of transmission of Taenia solium causes neurological signs? What is this called?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] taenia saginata deworm humans

Output: What species of tapeworm causes measley beef? if feedlot cattle are infected, how is this controlled?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] Taeniasis Ingestion of cysticercoids in meat

Output: What is the name of the intestinal infection caused by adult tapeworms?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] cystercercosis ingestion of eggs

Output: What is the name of the tissue infection of tapeworms?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] Nematodes, cestodes and toxoplasma Giardia and Crypto

Output: What three parasites require a few days in the environment to become infective? Which two are infective immediately?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] Giardia and crypto Crypto Filter or boil

Output: Which two parasites have environmentally stable oocysts? Which is more transmissible in water? How must these be killed?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] No Yes

Output: Is meat infected with echinococcus infective to humans? Eggs in canid feces?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] Sheep and cattle Snail Ingestion of infected vegetation, not from liver

Output: Who are the definitive hosts of fasciola? What is the intermediate host? How are humans infected?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] Roundworms Larval migrans

Output: Toxocara are what type of parasites? What can they cause in humans?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [two host parasites] Ascaris lumbricoides

Output: What is the human roundworm?

Parastitic Foodborn disease (Epi) Flashcards - Cram.com

How many host parasites often have a phase in the muscle?


Input: [1] Big Remote [2]

Output: A production outside h studio to televise live and/or live-record a large scheduled event that has not been staged specifically for television.

Video Basics Chapter 15 Production Environment Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Contact Person [2]

Output: A person who is familiar with, and can facilitate access to, the remote location and the key people.

Video Basics Chapter 15 Production Environment Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Field Production [2]

Output: Production activities that take place away from the studio

Video Basics Chapter 15 Production Environment Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Remote Survey [2]

Output: An inspection of the remote location by key production and engineering personnel so that they can plan for the setup and the use of production equipment.

Video Basics Chapter 15 Production Environment Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Uplink Truck [2]

Output: The vehicle that sends video and audio signals to a satellite.

Video Basics Chapter 15 Production Environment Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Remote Truck [2]

Output: The vehicle that carries the control room, audio control, video-recording section, video control section, and transmission equipment.

Video Basics Chapter 15 Production Environment Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Electronic Field Production (EFP) [2]

Output: Video production done outside the studio that is usually shot for postproduction (not live).

Video Basics Chapter 15 Production Environment Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Electronic News Gathering (ENG) [2]

Output: The use of portable camcorders, lights, and sound equipment for the production of mostly unscheduled daily news events. ENG is usually done for live transmission or immediate post production.

Video Basics Chapter 15 Production Environment Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] anesthetic [2]

Output: drug that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conduction to produce a loss of sensations (eg: pain)

Medical Terminology - Integumentary System, Common Therapeutic Drug Classifications Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] antibiotic [2]

Output: drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

Medical Terminology - Integumentary System, Common Therapeutic Drug Classifications Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] anti-fungal [2]

Output: drug that kills or prevents the grown of fungi

Medical Terminology - Integumentary System, Common Therapeutic Drug Classifications Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] antihistamine [2]

Output: drug that blocks effects of histamine in the body

Medical Terminology - Integumentary System, Common Therapeutic Drug Classifications Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] antihistamine: - histamine [2]

Output: a regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling & inflammation of tissues (eg: in urticaria (hives), hay fever)

Medical Terminology - Integumentary System, Common Therapeutic Drug Classifications Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] anti-inflammatory [2]

Output: drug that reduces inflammation

Medical Terminology - Integumentary System, Common Therapeutic Drug Classifications Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] antipruritic [2]

Output: drug that relieves itching

Medical Terminology - Integumentary System, Common Therapeutic Drug Classifications Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] antiseptic [2]

Output: an agent that inhibits growth of infectious microorgan

Medical Terminology - Integumentary System, Common Therapeutic Drug Classifications Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a view of human culture arguing that one can identify the abstract rules regulating a particular culture; a commonly used basis for studying archaeological cultures through time

Output: normative view of culture

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: cumulative culture change due to minor differences in learned behavior over time

Output: inevitable variation

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: process that leads to the acceptance of some culture traits and innovations that make a culture more adaptive to its environment; somewhat akin to natural selection in biological evolution

Output: cultural selection

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: new ideas that originate in a human culture by accident or design

Output: invention

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: the spread of ideas over short or long distances

Output: diffusion

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: all the artifacts from one occupation level at a site

Output: components

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: archaeological units defined by characteristic groupings of cultural traits that can be identified precisely in time and space, lasting for a relatively short time and found at one or more sites in a locality or region, with cultural traits that are clear enough to distinguish one phase from other phases

Output: phases

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: areas defined by natural geographic boundaries that display some cultural homogeneity

Output: regions

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: arbitrary geographic or research areas in which general cultural homogeneity is found

Output: culture areas

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: widely distributed sets of cultural traits and artifact assemblages whose distribution and chronology allow researchers to assume that they spread rapidly; often formed of artifacts that were associated w/ widespread, distinctive religious beliefs

Output: horizons

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: persistent technological or cultural patterns identified by characteristic artifact forms that outlast a single phase and occur over a wide area

Output: traditions

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: the deliberate movement of people from one area to another

Output: migration

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: a process of reasoning whereby two entities that share some similarities are assumed to share many others

Output: analogy

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: commemorative columns or uprights

Output: stelae

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: the notion that a social institution w/in a society has a function in fulfilling all the needs of a social organism

Output: functionalism

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: analysis of living societies to aid in understanding and interpreting the arch. record

Output: ethnographic analogy

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: the study of living societies to aid in the interpretation of ancient ones

Output: ethnoarchaeology

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: conducting controlled experiments with ancient technologies and other methods to provide a basis for interpreting ancient human behavior

Output: experimental archaeology

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: method of inquiry based on the formal testing of hypotheses, cumulative research, and replicable experiments

Output: scientific method

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: using specific observations to form general conclusions

Output: inductive reasoning

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: forming specific implications from a generalized hypothesis

Output: deductive reasoning

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: studying the process of culture change using a systems or environmental approach

Output: processual archaeology

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: the notion that any organism or organization can be studied as a system broken down into many interacting subsystems or parts; sometimes called cybernetics

Output: general systems theory

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: the study of ancient vegetation by using minute pollens preserved in organic deposits

Output: pollen analysis (palynology)

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: the study of the ways in which human societies adapt to and transform their environments

Output: cultural ecology

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: cultural evolution along many diverse tracks

Output: multilinear cultural evolution

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: approaching the past by examining ideology, motives, and nonenvironmental aspects of culture change

Output: post-processual archaeology

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: the "archaeology of mind" using arch. methods to study human motives, ideologies, and intangibles.

Output: cognitive archaeology

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: an approach to arch. that combines the methods of processual and postprocessual researchers

Output: cognitive-processual archaeology

Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 7 terms Flashcards - Cram.com

descriptive (inductive) research methods


Input: The primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle [Personality trait]

Output: ID

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Demands immediate gratification of its urges [Personality trait]

Output: pleasure principle

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle [Personality trait]

Output: ego

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Seeks to delay gratification of the id's urges until appropriate outlets and situations can be found [Personality trait]

Output: reality principle

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong [Personality trait]

Output: superego

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Consists of whatever one is aware [Personality trait]

Output: conscious

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Contains material just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved [Personality trait]

Output: preconscious

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior [Personality trait]

Output: unconscious

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt [Personality trait]

Output: defense mechanisms

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior [Personality trait]

Output: rationalization

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious [Personality trait]

Output: Repression

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another [Personality trait]

Output: Projection

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target [Personality trait]

Output: Displacement

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Behaving in a way that's exactly the opposite of one's true feelings [Personality trait]

Output: reaction formation

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Reversion to immature patterns of behavior [Personality trait]

Output: Regression

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group [Personality trait]

Output: Identification

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Occurs when unconscious, unacceptable impulses are channeled into socially acceptable, perhaps even admirable, behaviors [Personality trait]

Output: Sublimation

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Are developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leave their mark on adult personality [Personality trait]

Output: Psychosexual stages

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Involves a failure to move forward from one stage to another [Personality trait]

Output: Fixation

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning [Personality trait]

Output: Archetypes

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life's challenges [Personality trait]

Output: Striving for superiority

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Involves efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities [Personality trait]

Output: Compensation

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior [Personality trait]

Output: Behaviorism

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others [Personality trait]

Output: Observational learning

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A person whose behavior is observed by another [Personality trait]

Output: Model

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes [Personality trait]

Output: Self-efficacy

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth [Personality trait]

Output: Humanism

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior [Personality trait]

Output: Self-concept

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Is the degree of disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experience [Personality trait]

Output: Incongruence

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused [Personality trait]

Output: Hierarchy of needs

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Is the need to fulfill one's potential [Personality trait]

Output: Need for self-actualization

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A personality trait marked by an inflated sense of importance, a need for attention and admiration, a sense of entitlement, and a tendency to exploit others [Personality trait]

Output: Narcissism

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: They are five high-order traits that are used to identify the crucial dimensions that underlie the diverse personality traits [Personality trait]

Output: What is the Big Five?

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism [Personality trait]

Output: List the Big Five

Chapter 11 Personality Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: eukaryotic multicellular photosynthetic [gametophyte]

Output: plants have to be..


Input: sporophyte with root, shoot, and some leaves [gametophyte]

Output: embryo


Input: diploid multicellular phase that produces spores [gametophyte]

Output: sporophyte


Input: portion of flower for reproduction, can see red part which contains first cell that started dividing, growing within body of sporophyte [gametophyte]

Output: ovule


Input: serves to store energy in embryo for later seed coat made from maternal tissue and protects [gametophyte]

Output: endosperm


Input: energy storage, absorbs from endosperm [gametophyte]

Output: cotyledon


Input: above cotyledon [gametophyte]

Output: epicotyl


Input: below cotyledon [gametophyte]

Output: hypocotyl


Input: covering for plant body [gametophyte]

Output: dermal tissue


Input: basic cells of organs [gametophyte]

Output: ground tissue


Input: forms in ground, specialized for water and metabolite transport [gametophyte]

Output: vascular tissue


Input: vary in size, simple cell wall, stereotypical cell [gametophyte]

Output: parenchyma


Input: tough, hard cells, produce cell wall on outside, fibers to give support, not rubbery [gametophyte]

Output: sclerenchyma


Input: glue like, spongy, part of stem [gametophyte]

Output: collenchyma


Input: waxy substance [gametophyte]

Output: lignin


Input: thin cell wall on inner wall, thick waxy layer on outer cell wall [gametophyte]

Output: epidermal cells


Input: chloroplast containing cells that occur in pairs around stomata pore, allows gas exchange and stomata to open and close [gametophyte]

Output: guard cell


Input: epidermal like tissue in trees [gametophyte]

Output: phellogen


Input: transport minerals, waste, glucose, energy multidirectional transport system, forms pressure on outside through osmosis, pressure pushes things through it, osmosis requires membrane [gametophyte]

Output: phloem


Input: cells have lignin, secondary cell walls, transport water and minerals, forms when dead [gametophyte]

Output: xylem


Input: cells that pull up water [gametophyte]

Output: tracheid


Input: pipes that make one long tube [gametophyte]

Output: vessel element


Input: strainor [gametophyte]

Output: sieve tube


Input: cell wall [gametophyte]

Output: apoplastic


Input: root hair and epidermal [gametophyte]

Output: symplastic


Input: one main root, no nodes, anchorage, storage area for food [gametophyte]

Output: root type: tap


Input: finely branched, large surface area for food, more efficient absorption of water and minerals, roots hold soil to prevent erosion [gametophyte]

Output: root type: fibrous


Input: modified leaves, axillary buds [gametophyte]

Output: spines


Input: epidermal extensions, looks like rose thorns [gametophyte]

Output: prickles


Input: modified stem, can produce stems off these [gametophyte]

Output: thorns


Input: openings in epidermis to allow gas exchange [gametophyte]

Output: stoma


Input: indeterminate or not can vary in structure species to species depending on plants repro strategy [gametophyte]

Output: inflorescence


Input: leaves produces on inflorescnce not in flower [gametophyte]

Output: bracts


Input: modified leaves [gametophyte]

Output: sepal


Input: radial [gametophyte]

Output: actinmorphic


Input: bilateral [gametophyte]

Output: zygomorphic


Input: thin primary wall, outer wall often thicker (waxy) [gametophyte]

Output: epidermal cell


Input: protective covering over surface of plant body, reduce water loss [gametophyte]

Output: epidermal cell function


Input: open and close stomatal pores [gametophyte]

Output: guard cell function


Input: hair, may be uni or multicellular, occurs on variety of sizes and shapes [gametophyte]

Output: trichone


Input: absorption, secretion, excretory, protection, reduction of water loss [gametophyte]

Output: trichome function


Input: dead at maturity, cell walls have waterproof material [gametophyte]

Output: cork cell


Input: reduce water loss, prevents disease causing organisms from penetrating [gametophyte]

Output: cork cell function


Input: increase in stem and root length [gametophyte]

Output: primary growth


Input: increase in the girth of a plant [gametophyte]

Output: secondary growth


Input: composed of cells that form new cells by mitotic divison [gametophyte]

Output: meristems


Input: dormant embryonic shoots that eventually develop into branches [gametophyte]

Output: buds


Input: developing stage [gametophyte]

Output: primorida


Input: layer of meristematic cells that form a long, thin cont. cylinder with stem and root in between wood and bark of plants. division adds cells to wood and inner bark [gametophyte]

Output: vascular cambium


Input: located in outer bark composed of thin cylinder or irregular arrangement of meristematic cells [gametophyte]

Output: cork cambium


Input: flat, broad portion of leaf [gametophyte]

Output: blade


Input: stalk that attaches blade to stem [gametophyte]

Output: petiole


Input: leaflike outgrowths usually present in pairs at the base of petiole [gametophyte]

Output: stipoles


Input: leaves without petiole [gametophyte]

Output: sessile


Input: area of stem where one or more leaves are attached [gametophyte]

Output: node


Input: tree shedding leaves [gametophyte]

Output: abecission


Input: A large land mass made up of all the continents before it broke up to what are the continents of today. [Continental Drift]

Output: Pangaea

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The theory that magma from the earth's mantle rises to the surface at mid-ocean ridges and cools to form new sea floor, which pushes the older floor away. [Continental Drift]

Output: Seafloor Spreading

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A sensitive instrument that's used to measure magnetic data, and is used to measure the earth's magnetic field. [Continental Drift]

Output: Magnetometer

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The theory that the earth's crust and upper mantle (lithosphere) are broken into sections, called plates, and move slowly above the mantle. [Continental Drift]

Output: Plate Tectonics

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sections of the earth's crust that move above the upper mantle. [Continental Drift]

Output: Plates

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The rigid, outer most layer of the earth, about 100km thick, composed of the crust and part of the mantle. [Continental Drift]

Output: Lithosphere

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The plastic-like layer below the lithosphere in the earth's mantle. [Continental Drift]

Output: Asthenoshpere

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A boundary between two plates that are diverging, or moving away from each other. [Continental Drift]

Output: Divergent Boundary

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The boundary between two plates that are converging, or moving away from each other. [Continental Drift]

Output: Convergent Boundary

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The area where an ocean floor plate collides with a continental plate, and the denser ocean plate sinks under the continental plate. [Continental Drift]

Output: Subduction Zone

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A driving force in which hot, plasticlike material material from the mantle rises to the lithosphere, moves horizontally, cools, and sinkes back to the mantle. [Continental Drift]

Output: Convection Current

Tectonic Plates - Earth Science Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The information from the nursing health assessment is used to:

Output: formulate nursing diagnoses that require nursing care and is also used to identify health problems that require interdisciplinary care or immediate referral to other healthcare providers..

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: The health assessment involves explanation to the patient that

Output: the ﬁrst part of the assessment will involve questions about the patient’s health concerns, health habits, and lifestyle and that the information will only be shared with the patient’s other healthcare providers . Inform the patient that after the health history is completed, body structures will be examined.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: A physical assessment is the:

Output: systematic collection of objective information. The physical assessment is usually conducted in a head-to-toe sequence or a system sequence but can be adapted to meet the needs of the patient.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: CAUTION Model for an assessment for risk factors for cancer:

Output: Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difﬁculty in swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Equipment used during a Health Assessment: Stethoscope

Output: is used to auscultate heart, lung, abdomen, and cardiovascular sounds. The bell of the stethoscope is used to listento low-pitched sounds (such as heart murmurs). Use gentle pressure against the body part being examined when assessing low-pitched sounds. The diaphragm of the stethoscope is used to listen to high-pitched sounds such as normal heart sounds,breath sounds, and bowel sounds. Use ﬁrm pressure against the body part being examined when assessing high-pitched sounds.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Equipment used during a Health Assessment: Opthalmoscope

Output: a lighted instrument used to visualize the interior structures of the eye. It consists of two parts: a body that contains the light source and a detachable head that contains lenses used to magnify the internal eye structures. Each lens is labeled with a positive (black) or negative (red) number, with units of strength called diopters. Red numbers are used for near-sighted (myopic) patients, black numbers for far-sighted (hyperopic) patients. The zero lens is used when either the examiner or the patient has refractive (visual) errors.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Otoscope

Output: An otoscope is a lighted instrument used to examine the external ear canal and the tympanic membrane. A speculum,which is attached to the body of the otoscope, directs the light in a narrow beam to improve visualization of ear structures. Specula come in various sizes; use the largest speculum that will extend into the patient’s ear canal. Alternatively, the otoscope can be used to visualize the internal nares.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Snellen Chart

Output: used as a screening test for distant vision, consists of characters arranged in 11 lines of different-sized type; the line of largest characters is at the top of the chart and the line of smallest characters is at the bottom. Scores ranging from 20/10 (the smallest line of characters) to 20/200 (the largest line of characters) are shown in the left-hand column,and distances are in the right-hand column next to the numbers.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Nasal Speculum

Output: A nasal speculum is used to visualize the lower and middle turbinates of the nose. A penlight or ﬂashlight is used for illumination. The blades of the speculum are inserted about 1 cm(1/2) into each nostril and opened so that they do not press on the septum. Alternatively, the otoscope can be used to visualize the internal nares. The light is provided by the scope, and the shortest, widest speculum that will ﬁt into the nostril is used.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Vaginal Speculum

Output: A vaginal speculum is a two-bladed instrument used to examine the vaginal canal and cervix. The speculum is inserted into the vagina and the speculum blades are opened, allowing visualization and assessment of the vagina and cervix. The speculum must be warmed and lubricated with warm water or a water-soluble agent before insertion.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Tuning Fork

Output: A tuning fork is a two-pronged metal instrument used to test auditory function and vibratory perception.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Percussion Hammer

Output: A percussion hammer (also called a reﬂex hammer) is an instrument with a triangular-shaped rubber head, used to test deep tendon reﬂexes. The handle of the hammer is held between the thumb and inde the broad end of the head on the selected body area. The quick, ﬁrm tap is made with a rapid downward and backward wrist action. The pointed end of the hammer is used for smaller areas.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Various body positions are used during a physical assessment:

Output: During positioning, it is important to consider the patient’s age, culture, health status, mobility, physical condition, energy level, and privacy. Positioning patients who are weak or have physical limitations may require assistance. Uncomfortable or embarrassing positions should not be maintained for long periods. The assessment should be organized so that several body systems can be assessed with the patient in one position.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: The Body Positions used during an Assessment:

Output: Standing, Sitting, Supine, Dorsal Recumbant, Sims Position, Prone, Lithotomy and Knee-chest.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: The four primary assessment techniques are:

Output: inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. These techniques are most often used in the sequence listed. BUT, When assessing the abdomen, the sequence is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. Auscultation follows inspection because percussion and palpation stimulate bowel sounds.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Bilateral body parts are always compared such as movement or pulses.

Output: Bilateral body parts are normally symmetric;that is, they have the same size and shape as well as the same characteristics, such as pulses or movements.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Inspection:

Output: is the process of performing deliberate, purposeful observations in a systematic manner. The nurse observes visually but also uses hearing and smell to gather data throughout the assessment. Inspection begins with the initial patient contact and continues through the entire assessment. Each area of the body is inspected for size, color, shape, position, and symmetry, noting normal ﬁndings and any deviations from normal. Inspection, followed by palpation,may sequentially be used during the assessment of each body part.


Input: Palpation

Output: uses the sense of touch. The hands and ﬁngers are sensitive tools and can assess: skin temperature, turgor (turgor is determined by various factors, such as the amount ofﬂuids in the body and age), texture, and moisture, as well as vibrations within the body (such as the heart) and shape or structures within the body (e.g., the bones).


Input: Palpation Using specific parts of the hand:

Output: The dorsum (back) surfaces of the hand and ﬁngers are used for gross measure of temperature. The palmar(front) surfaces of the ﬁngers and ﬁnger pads are used to assess: texture, shape, ﬂuid, size, consistency, and pulsation. Vibration is palpated best with the palm of the hand.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Palpation. Light (gentle), moderate, or deep palpation may be used:

Output: For light palpation, apply pressure with the ﬁngers together and depressing the skin and underlying structures less than 1 cm (0.5") . Moderate palpation is conducted by depressing the skin surface 1 to 2 cm (0.5 to 0.75"). For deep palpation, press inward about 2 cm (1") . Deep palpation, which carries a risk of internal injury, should be used cautiously and only by experienced practitioners.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Palpation. Bimanual

Output: Two hands are used for bimanual palpation (e.g., palpating breast tissue); one hand applies pressure and the other hand feels the tissue or structure.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Quality of Masses determined by Palpation

Output: shape, size, consistency, surface, mobility, tenderness, pulsatile.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Percussion

Output: the act of striking one object against another to produce sound. The sound waves produced by the striking action over body tissues are known as percussion tones. Percussion is used to assess the location, shape, size, and density of tissues. Both hands are used to produce sound waves. Characteristic sounds produced are: tympany(gastric air bubble) resonance(normal lung) hyperresonance(emphysematous lung) dull(liver) flat(thigh)


Input: Auscultation

Output: the act of listening with a stethoscope to sounds produced within the body. Auscultation is performed by placing the stethoscope diaphragm or bell against the body part being assessed Used as the last step except for an abdominal exam.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Auscultation Four characteristics of sound are assessed by auscultation:

Output: (1) pitch (ranging from high to low), (2) loudness (ranging from soft to loud), (3) quality (e.g., gurgling or swishing),and (4) duration (short, medium, or long).

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Head to Toe Assessment

Output: usually done in morning after report while in an acute setting. assess abdominal pain first but perform painful procedures last. Be objective when recording findings: DO NOT use terms: GOOD or NORMAL.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Assessing the Integument

Output: The integument is comprised of the skin, nails, hair, and scalp. It provides data about self-care activities to maintain health, hygiene, and nutrition.Assessing for skin cancer is essential and provides the base for teaching skin cancer prevention. The skin, hair, and nails are assessed by inspection and palpation. Inspect the skin for color, vascularity, and lesions , and palpate for temperature,moisture, turgor, and texture.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Assessing the Integument Inspecting for changes in skin color

Output: Changes in skin color include erythema, cyanosis, jaundice, and pallor.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Erythema:

Output: (redness of the skin) is more often seen in the face and the neck. It is associated with sunburn, inﬂammation, fever, trauma, and allergic reactions.


Input: Cyanosis

Output: a bluish or grayish discoloration of the ski nin response to inadequate oxygenation. Cyanosis is assessed as a blue tinge in patients with white skin and as dullness in patients with dark skin.


Input: Jaundice

Output: is a yellow color of he skin resulting from liver and gallbladder disease, sometypes of anemia, and excessive hemolysis (breakdown ofred blood cells). It usually develops ﬁrst in the sclera of the eyes and then in the skin and mucous membranes. Jaundice in dark-skinned people is more difﬁcult to observe on the trunk of the body, but the sclera, oral mucous membranes,palms, and soles appear yellow to yellow-orange.


Input: Pallor

Output: rpaleness of the skin, often results from a decrease in the amount of circulating blood or hemoglobin, causing inadequate oxygenation of the body tissues. Depending on severity, pallor may be visible over the entire skin surface or only in the lips, nailbeds, mucous membranes, and conjunctiva. Pallor in dark-skinned people is seen as an ashen gray or yellow tinge.


Input: Inspecting skin for vascularity and lesions

Output: The skin is inspected for vascularity, bleeding, or bruising; these signs might relate to a cardiovascular, hematologic, or liver dysfunction.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Ecchymosisis

Output: a collection of blood in the subcutaneous tissues, causing purplish discoloration.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Petechiae.

Output: are small hemorrhagic spots caused by capillary bleeding. If they are present, assess their location, color, and size.


Input: Skin Lesions are

Output: areas of diseased or injured tissue such as: bruises, scratches, cuts, burns, insect bites, and wounds(breaks in the continuity of the skin). Assess lesions and wounds for size, shape, depth, location,and presence of drainage or odor. Assess Lesions by ABC's A- asymmetry B- border C- color D- diameter

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Skin Lesions are categorized as:

Output: primary or secondary.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Primary lesions are

Output: those that may arise from previously normal skin.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Secondary Lesions result from

Output: changes in primary lesions.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Turgor is

Output: the fullness or elasticity of the skin. It is usually assessed on the sternum or under the clavicle by lifting a fold of skin with the thumb and ﬁrst ﬁnger. Skin turgor is normal when the fold returns to its usual shape when released. When the patient is dehydrated, the skin’s elasticity is decreased,and the skin fold returns slowly. However, this may be a normal ﬁnding in older patients

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Edema is

Output: (excess ﬂuid in the tissues). Edema is characterized by swelling, with taut and shiny skin over the edematous area. Difﬁculty in lifting a skin fold may indicate edema. Edema may be the result of overhydration, heart failure, kidney failure, trauma,or peripheral vascular disease.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Pitting Edema

Output: when the area of edema is palpated with the ﬁngers, an indentation (measured in mm for depth of the indentation) remains after the pressure is released; Edema may be graded as 0 (none), +1 (trace, 2 mm), +2 (moderate, 4 mm), +3(deep, 6 mm), or +4 (very deep, 8 mm).

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: The nails are inspected for:

Output: shape, angle, texture, and color. The nails should be somewhat convex and should follow the natural curve of the ﬁnger. The angle between the nail and its base should be about 160 degrees. The nails should be smooth, and the nail base, when palpated, should be ﬁrm and nontender.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Abnormal nail ﬁndings include:

Output: indentations called Beau’s lines (from acute illness), infection, pain-less separation of the nail plate from the nailbed (onycholysis) due to infection or trauma, increased brittleness or thickness and angulation (from anemia or iron deﬁciency anemia), and clubbing (from long-term lack of oxygenation).

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Assessment of the head and neck includes:

Output: the skull, face, eyes ,ears, nose and sinuses, mouth and pharynx, trachea, thyroid gland, and lymph nodes.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Assess the structures of the head and neck with the patient in a

Output: sitting position. Inspect and palpate the head for size and shape. The parts of the head and face should be in proportion to each other and symmetric. Inspect mouth and mucous membranes, inspect teeth and /or dentures, inspect pharnyx with tongue depressor and penlight. inspect tongue color and texture.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Inspecting the Eyes

Output: The structures and functions of the eyes are assessed by using a penlight, an ophthalmoscope, and an eyechart. Inspection is the primary assessment technique used. Assessment includes the: external and internal eye structures, presence of discharge visual acuity, extraocular movements, and peripheral vision.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Ptosis

Output: Abnormal drooping of the upper eyelids which may be attributable to damage to the: oculomotor nerve, myasthenia gravis, or a congenital disorder.


Input: Entropion

Output: inward turning of the lower eyelid and lashes


Input: Ectropion

Output: outward turning of the lower eyelid and lashes


Input: Miosis

Output: pupil constriction can be caused by certain drugs.


Input: Mydriasis

Output: pupil dilation can be caused by Injury to the eye, glau-coma, and certain medications.


Input: Neurologically Assess the pupils for:

Output: reaction to light, accommodation and convergence

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Neurologically Assess the pupils PERRLA

Output: abbreviation for: pupils equal, round, react to light, accommodation. While performing an assessment of the eyes, one evaluates the size and shape of the pupils, their reaction to light, and their ability to accommodate.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Neurologically Assess the pupils Testing Pupillary Reaction

Output: •Ask the patient to look straight ahead at an object. •Bring the penlight from the side of the patient’s face and brieﬂy shine the light on the pupil. •Observe the pupil’s reaction; it normally rapidly constricts (direct response) .•Repeat the procedure and observe the other eye; it too normally will constrict (consensual reﬂex). •Repeat the procedure with the other eye.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Neurologically Assess the pupils Testing for Accommodation

Output: •Hold the foreﬁnger, a pencil, or other straight object about 10 to 15 cm (4"to 6") from the bridge of the patient’s nose. •Ask the patient to ﬁrst look at the object, then at a distant object, then back to the object being held. The pupil normally constricts when looking at a near object and dilates when looking at a distant object.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Neurologically Assess the pupils Testing for Convergence

Output: Move your ﬁnger toward the patient’s nose to assess convergence. The patient’s eyes should normally converge (assume a cross-eyed appearance).

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Neuro Assessment of Motor Functions

Output: tests for equality in hand and foot strength. muscle tone assessed by gait, coordination, balance.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Neuro Assessment Reflexes

Output: blink-using a cotton ball near eyes gag reflex swallow reflex Babinski-plantar response-toes bend or curl in an adult/ fanning of toes indicates opposite side brain damage. fanning of toes normal for an infant. Deep tendon Reflex

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Grading of Reﬂexes on a 0 to 4+Scale

Output: 4+ = Very brisk, hyperactive; often indicative of disease; often associated with clonus (rhythmic oscillations between ﬂexion and extension) 3+ = Brisker than average; possibly but not necessarily indicative of disease2+ = Average; normal 1+ = Somewhat diminished; low normal 0 = No response

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Clonus

Output: a tremor.


Input: Testing Sensory Perception

Output: Pain - a sternal rub is used Temperature- heat and cold Touch- -eyes closed Positioning-

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Neurologic assessment includes

Output: cerebral function, cranial nerve function, cerebellar function, motor and sensory function, and reflexes.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Mental status assessment includes:

Output: level of awareness, level of consciousness, behavior and appearance, memory, abstract reasoning, and language. On initial contact, begin to evaluate the patient’s orientation to person, place, and time,as well as cognitive abilities and affect (whether the patient knows who he or she is, where he or she is, and the day or month or year). Observe the patient’s appearance, general behavior, ability to speak clearly, and respond to questions. Note any variation in responses. Assess the patients overall appearance. The patient should have a clean, neat appearance with erect posture; should be oriented to person, place, and time; should have memory recall (both short-term and long-term memory); and should be able to demonstrate coherent and logical thought processes.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: The Glasgow Coma Scale is:

Output: a standardized assessment tool that assesses level of consciousness. Three parameters are evaluated: eye opening, motor response, and verbal response. Scores are given in each category, and a total score is recorded, with higher scores indicating a more normal level of functioning. A score of 7 or less deﬁnes coma.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Assessing Awareness

Output: Assess awareness by evaluating orientation to time, place,and person. The following questions may be used: •Time:What is today’s date? What day of the week is it?What season of the year is this? What was the last holiday? •Place:Where are you now? What is the name of this city? What state are we in? •Person:What is your name? How old are you? Who came to visit you this morning?

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Level of consciousness is described as follows:

Output: :•Awake and alert: fully awake; oriented to person, place,and time; responds to all stimuli, including verbal commands •Lethargic: appears drowsy or asleep most of the time but makes spontaneous movements; can be aroused by gentles haking and saying patient’s name •Stuporous: unconscious most of the time; has no spontaneous movement; must be shaken or shouted at to arouse;can make verbal responses, but these are less likely to be appropriate; responds to painful stimuli with purposeful movements •Comatose: cannot be aroused, even with use of painful stimuli; may have some reﬂex activity (such as gag reﬂex); if no reﬂexes present, is in a deep coma.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Ear Assessment

Output: tests auditory acuity presence of external lesions presence of discharge palpate external structures for tenderness.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Ear Assessment Weber Test

Output: The Weber test is used to assess for bone conduction of sound - the result of a problem with the transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear. tuning fork is placed in the middle of the forehead.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Ear Assessment Rinne test

Output: The Rinne test is used to compare bone and air conduction of sound and test nerve function. Tuning fork is placed behind ear.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Nose Inspection

Output: Assessment of the nose involves examining the externalnose, the nares, and the turbinates. Assess the nose for patency by occluding one nostril at atime and asking the patient to inhale and exhale. Examine the mucous membranes for colorand the presence of lesions, exudate, or growths. Also,inspect the nasal septum for intactness and deviation. The frontal and maxillary sinuses, located in the frontal and maxillary bones, respectively, are palpated for pain and edema.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Hair Assessment

Output: check amount texture distribution

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Neck Assessment

Output: inspect for: symmetry ROM: chin-chest, flrxion and extension, hyperextension Palpate trachea and thyroid test swallow reflex.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Chest Inspection

Output: shape, symmetry rate and rhythm of respirations palpate for tenderness.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Anteroposterior Diameter of Chest

Output: width should be double the diameter(sternum to spinal column) Check for Barrel Chestedness.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Assess Lung by Auscultation

Output: patient breathes through mouth while sitting up. Auscultate at intercostal spaces anteriorlally and posteriorally using the diaphram end of stethoscope. 18 landmarks posteriorally & 10 landmarks anteriorally. Listen for the duration, pitch, and intensity of the sounds.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Lung Sounds Bronchial sounds

Output: heard over the trachea are high-pitched, harsh sounds, with expiration being longer than inspiration.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Lung Sounds Bronchovesicular sounds

Output: are heard over the mainstem bronchus and are moderate “blowing” sounds, with inspiration equal to expiration.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Lung Sounds Vesicular breath sounds

Output: are soft, low-pitched sounds, heard best over the base of the lungs during inspiration, which is longer than expiration.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Lung Sounds Adventitious breath sounds

Output: are not normally heard in the lungs.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Stertorous breathing is

Output: a general term used to refer to noisy,strenuous respirations.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Stridor is

Output: a harsh, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration when there is a narrowing of the upper airway, such as the larynx or trachea. Infants or young children with croup often manifest stridor when breathing.(whooping cough)

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Crackles are

Output: ﬁne to coarse crackling sounds made as air moves through wet secretions; they are most often heard on inspiration. Crackles are described as “ﬁne” when they are made by air passing through moisture in small air passages and alveoli and as “coarse” when they are made by air passing through moisture in the bronchioles, bronchi, and trachea.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Rhonchi.

Output: Coarse crackles that can also be during expiration over bronchi.


Input: Wheezes are

Output: continuous sounds that originate in small air passages that are narrowed by secretions, swelling, or tumors. They may be inspiratory or expiratory and are high-pitched sounds.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Pleural friction rub is

Output: a grating sound caused by an inﬂamed pleura rubbing against the chest wall.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: f a productive cough occurs during assessment of the thorax and lungs

Output: the sputum should be assessed for color,consistency, and amount.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Palpating the posterior thorax excursion.

Output: The examiner’s hands are placed symmetrically on the patient’s back with the ﬁngers at the level of T9 or T10. As the patient inhales, the examiner’s hands should move apart symmetrically.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Assessing the Heart

Output: The techniques used for cardiovascular assessment are inspection, palpation, and auscultation. Necessary equipment includes a stethoscope with a bell and diaphragm and a sphygmomanometer. The patient may be in a sitting position or in a supine position with the head raised about 30 degrees

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Precordium

Output: The portion of the body over the heart and lower thorax, encompassing the aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and apical areas, and Erb’s point.


Input: Apical impulse

Output: located at about the fourth or ﬁfth intercostal space at the left midclavicular line.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Auscultation of the heart is used to:

Output: determine the heart sounds caused by closure of the heart valves. Ask the patient to breathe normally. Use systematic auscultation, beginning at the aortic area, moving to the pulmonic area, then to Erb’s point, then to the tricuspid area, and ﬁnally to the mitral area Use the diaphragm of the stethoscope ﬁrst to listen to high-pitched sounds. Then use the bell to listen to low-pitched sounds. Focus on the overall rate and rhythm of the heart and the normal heart sounds

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Assessing the Abdominal Cavity

Output: The sequence of techniques used to assess theabdomen is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. Percussion and palpation are done after auscultation because they stimulate bowel sounds. Ask the patient to breathe slowly and deeply through the mouth during the examination to promote relaxation. Ask the patient to empty the bladder. Position the patient in the supine position with the head slightly elevated and arms at the sides. Place small pillows under the head and knees for comfort. Make sure that the patient is warm and comfortable to help prevent contraction of the abdominal muscles, which makes palpation difﬁcult.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: the Abdomen can be divided into four quadrants:

Output: right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: The abdominal cavity contains the:

Output: stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas, the spleen, the kidneys, the urinary bladder and also contains the female reproductive organs.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Abdominal assessments are also used to assess:

Output: the return of bowel sounds (e.g., after surgery) and retention of urine in the urinary bladder.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: bruits are

Output: abnormal sounds heard over a blood vessel as blood passes an obstruction. Using the bell of the stethoscope, auscultate over the abdominal aorta, femoral arteries, and iliac arteries.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: Percussing the abdomen

Output: Percuss the abdomen in all four quadranst in a systematic, clockwise manner to identify ﬂuid, masses, or air. Note the distribution of sounds. Normally, tympany, the dominant percussion tone, is heard over the abdomen while dullness is heard over the liver and a full bladder. Abnormal ﬁndings include decreased tympany and increased dullness,possibly caused by ﬂuid or a mass.

Taylor - Fundamentals of Nursing - ADN 1 Exam #3 Chapter 25 -Health Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

collecting, validating, and analyzing subjective data (also called symptoms)and objective data (also called signs) to determine the over-all level of physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual health of a patient.


Input: PMI

Output: Point of Maximum Impulse (PMI) related to contraction at the apex of the underlying left ventricle


Input: [Question] An impending myocardial infarction was successfully averted by thrombolytic (clot-dissolving) therapy in a 55-yo man. Which of the following biochem events most likely occurred during the period of hypoxia? [Correct Answer] Inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis and glycogenolysis [Explanation]

Output: The sequence of events in hypoxic cell damage is as follows: hypoxia results in failure of oxidative phophorylation, with resultant depletion of ATP and increase in AMP and ADP. Anaerobic glycoclysis and glycogenolysis are stimulated (not inhibited) through increased phophorfructokinase and phophorylase activities, respectively. THis resluts in accumulation of cell lactate, with a decrease in intracellular pH and depletion of cellular glycogen stores. Decreased availablility of ATP also results in failure of the Na+K+-ATPase pump, which then leads to increased cell Na+ an dwater and decreased cell K+


Input: [Question] Which of the following would be the most likely cellular change to be found if it were possible to examine microscopic sections of the heart in a PT whose myocardium was entirely "saved" by immeditate thrombolytic therapy? [Correct Answer] Swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum [Explanation]

Output: If infarction is averted by immediate thrombolytic therapy, then indicators of necrosis, such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis, which represent irreversible changes, would not be expected. Swelling of the ER from increased cell water, one of the earliest ultrastructural changes observed in injured cells, is reveresible and would be expected.


Input: [Question] All of the following abnormal clinical manifestations are correctly paired with the appropriate compound or pigment deposited EXCEPT: a. CCl4 poisoining - fat, b. hemolytic anemia -bilirubin, c. herediatry hemochromatosis - hemosiderin, d. vitiligo - melanin, e. atrophy of hepatic and myocardial cells -lipfuscin. [Correct Answer] Vitiligo-melanin [Explanation]

Output: Vitiligo is characterized by focal, patchy arease of depigmentation due to the loss of melanocytes with consequent decreased melanin. CCl4 poisoning is associated with hepatic fatty changed due to impaired apoliproprotein synthesis. Hemolytic anemia leads to jaundice (accumulation of bilirubin in the blood and tissues). Herediatary hemochromatiosis is characterized by massive accumulation of hemosiderin with consequent organ damage, especially in the liever, heart, and pancreas. An accumulation of lipfuscin in hepatic and myocardial cells in characteristic of the brown atrophy of these organs that is sometimes observed in the elderly.


Input: [Question] Which of the following sites is an example of metastatic calcification? [Correct Answer] The kidney in nephrocalcinosis [Explanation]

Output: Nephrocalcinosis is caused by hypercalcemia and is thus an example of metastatic clacification. The other choices aer all examples of Dystrophic calcification, calcification in arease of prior tissue damage


Input: [Question] An appendectomy is performed on a 16 yo boy who is hopitalized for right lower quadrant abdominal pain of 18 hours duration. The surgical specimen is edematous and erythematous. An infiltrate of which of the following cells would be most characteristic of the process occurring here? [Correct Answer] Neutrophils [Explanation]

Output: The clinical scenario is illustrative of a PT with acute appendicitis, a classic example of acute inflammation. Neutrophils are the most characteristic cellular component of the early stages of acute inflammation


Input: [Question] Which of the following is NOT a mediator of degranulation of basophils and mast cells? A. AGEPC, b. complement componenets, c. immunoglobin E, d. interleuking-1, e. physical stimuli [Correct Answer] AGEPC [Explanation]

Output: AGEPC, or platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a result of basophil and mast cell degranulation and is not a mediator of degranulation. PAF induces platelet aggregation; mediates vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased capillary permeability; activates arachidonic acid metabolism; and causes bronchospasm


Input: [Question] A 38 yo HIV-pos man is hospitalized because of acough, hemoptysis, and weight loss. Chest roentgenogram reveals a right sided apical infiltrate with cavitation. Which of the following findings is an invariable hisotlogic feature of the probable causative lesion? [Correct Answer] epithelioid cells [Explanation]

Output: The clinical vignetted is a classic description of pulmonary TB, which is often characterized by otherwise unexplained weight loss, cough, and hemoptysis. The pulmonary apices are favored sites for TB, and cavitation is common. Ther has been a rectne upsurge in the incidence of TB, especially associated with HIV-pos. Granulomas always consist of groups of modified macrophages called epithelioid cells. Caseous necrosis and Langhans giant cells are especially suggestive of TB etiology but ar not always found. although a definitive diagnosis is facilitated by the deomstration of organisms, this is not always possible. A cuff of lymphocytes often (but not always ) surrounds each granuloma


Input: [Question] Match the action with the mediator: Endothelial cell contraction. A. histamine, b. bradykinin, c. C3a and C5a, d. C3b [Correct Answer] histamine [Explanation]

Output: In the early stages of actue inflammation, histamine mediates the contraction of endothelial cells, which widesn the interendothelial gaps of postcaplillary veules, increasing vascularpermeability. Histamine is dervied mainly from the granules of basophils and mast cells and also from platelets.


Input: [Question] A 40 yo woman died after a long history of illness characterized by dyspnea, or thopnea, hepatomegaly, ditended neck veins, and peripheral edema. The cut surfacte of the liver as it appeared at autopsy is shown in the illustration. Which of the following disorders is the most likely cause of these findings? [Correct Answer] Right heart failure [Explanation]

Output: The clinical findings described in the ? Are typical of right heart failures, as is the illlustration, which reveals the nutmeg-like appearance of hepatic chronic passive congestion. The gross morhpologic appearance is caused by congested centrilobular areas alsternating with pale portal areas


Input: [Question] Which of the following causes of an increased tnedency to venous thrombosis is acquired rather than hereditary? [Correct Answer] antiphospholipid Ab syndrome [Explanation]

Output: Antiphopholipid abs are the most common acquired defects in blood proteins associated with venous thrombossi. Additionally, many others acquired factors (eg surgery, malignancy, oral contracteptie use) are associated with venous thrombosis. Seveal hereditary abnormalities are associated with increased thrombosis. Of thses, the factor V Leiden mutation resulting in resistance to activated protein is the most common.


Input: [Question] Which of the following substances does NOT contribute to the antithrombotic (thrombo resistnat) properties of vascular endothelium? A. von Willebrand factor, b. prostacyclin, c. heparin-like molecules, d. thrombomodulin, e. protein C [Correct Answer] von Willebrand factor [Explanation]

Output: von Willebrand factor is important in the binding of platelets to surfaces such as subendothelial collagen and is thus prothrombotic and not a contributor to endothelial thromoresistance. In contrast, the other choices listed are antithrombotic. Heparin-like molecules inhibit coagulation by activation of antithrombin III, which in turn inhibits thrombin and factors IXa and Xa. The thrombomodulin-thrombin complex activates protein C. Activated protien C inhibits coagulation by proeolysis of factors Va and VIIIa.


Input: [Question] The rational for low-dose aspirin prophylaxis of coronary artery disease is based on the resultant decreased synthesis of [Correct Answer] TxA2 [Explanation]

Output: Both TxA2 and PGI2 are products of the cylcooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid ametabolism, and synthesis of both is hinibited by aspirin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. In this setting, TxA2 inhibition is desirable because platelet aggregation is an important early step in atherogenesis. Inhbititon of PGI2 synthesis is an undesirable side effcet of aspirin porphylaxis, because PGI2 is a potent platelet anti-aggregant.


Input: [Question] Which of the following disorders I more liekly to be associated with an exudate rather than a transudate? [Correct Answer] inflammation [Explanation]

Output: Edema resulting from inflammation is caused by increased capillary permeability, and the protein-rich, high-specific-gravity, glucose-poor, cell-laden edema fluid is called an exudate. IN contrast, a transudate results form increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure or from altered osmotic pressure. A transudate is charcterized by low protein content and low specific gravity. congesttive heart fialure, the nephortic syndrom, and chronic liver disease are classic causes of generalized transudation.


Input: [Question] Which of the following conditions results in hypovolemic shock? [Correct Answer] severe hemorrhage [Explanation]

Output: The reduction in circulating blood volume, which occurs with severe hemorrhage, cuases shock from reduction in cardia output and is the classic example of hypovolmeic shock. Reduced volume is normal or even increased. The shock associated with gram neg sepsis (spetic shock) is marked by peripheral vasodilation and peripheral pooling, as is the neurogenic shock resulting from head injury.


Input: [Question] All of the following disorders are transmitted by X-linked inheritance EXCEPT: a. fabry disease, b. leshc-nyhan syndrome, c. glucose 6 phophate dehydrogenase deficiency, d. classic hemophilia (hemophilia A), e. von Gierke disease [Correct Answer] von Gierke disease [Explanation]

Output: von Gierke disease is a form of glycogen storage disease inherited as an autosomal recessive characteristic


Input: [Question] Characteristics or phenomena associated with acute rejection after renal transplantation include all of the following EXCEPT: a. occurs days to months after taransplantation, b. T cell-mediated, c. localized Arthus reaction, d. mononulcar infiltrates, e. arteritis with thrombosis [Correct Answer] localized Arthus reaction [Explanation]

Output: a localized Arthus reaction (localized immune complex reaction that occurs whne exogenous antigen is inserted in the midst of performed ab) is the cause of the almost immediate phenomenon called hyperacute rejection. In contrast, actue rejection occurs days to months after transplantation and is usually T cell-mediated


Input: [Question] Bruton disease is characterizd by all of the folowing manifestations EXCEPT: a. absent circulating B cells, b. normal circulating T cells, c. absent plasma cells, d. low serum levels of immunoglobulin, e. impaired resistance to viral infections [Correct Answer] impaired resistance to vrial infections [Explanation]

Output: this disease of male children is X-linked and is decriptively called X-linked agammaglobulinemia of Bruton. T cells are unaffected, as are T cell functions such as cell-mediated immunity and resistance to viral infections. Failure of maturation of pre-B cells is associateed with absence of Bl ymphocytes and plasma cells, failure of ab synthesis with erslultant serum agammaglobulinemia, and recurrent bacterial infections