Input: An organized whole. These psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Gestalt

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Input: The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Figure-Ground

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Input: The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Grouping

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Input: The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Depth Perception

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Input: A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Visual Cliff

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Input: Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Binocular Cues

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Input: A binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the clearer the object. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Retinal Disparity

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Convergence

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Monocular Cues

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Input: An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Phi Phenomenon

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Input: Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Perceptual Constancy

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Input: In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Perceptual Adaptation

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Input: A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Perceptual Set

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Input: A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Human Factors Psychology

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Input: The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. Said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

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Input: The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Parapsychology

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Input: Our awareness of ourselves and our environment. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Consciousness

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Input: Periodic physiological fluctuations. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Biological Rhythms

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Input: The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Circadian Rhythm

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Input: A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep

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Input: The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Alpha Waves

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Input: Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anaesthesia, or hibernation. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Sleep

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Input: False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Hallucinations

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Input: The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Delta Waves

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Insomnia

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Narcolepsy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary reawakenings. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Sleep Apnea

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Input: A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Night Terrors

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. They are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Dream

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its hidden content). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Manifest Content

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Input: According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its other content). Freud believed that a dream's ______content functions as a safety valve. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Latent Content

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Input: The tendency for REM sleep to increase REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: REM Rebound

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Input: A social interaction in which one person suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Hypnosis

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Input: A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Posthypnotic Suggestion

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Input: A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Dissociation

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Input: A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Psychoactive Drug

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Input: The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Tolerance

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Withdrawal

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Input: A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Physical Dependence

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Input: A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Psychological Dependence

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Input: Compulsive drug craving and use. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Addiction

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Depressants

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Input: Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Barbiturates

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Input: Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Opiates

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Input: Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Stimulants

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Amphetamines

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Methamphetamine

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Ecstasy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Psychedelic ("mind manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Hallucinogens

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Input: A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: LSD

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: THC

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Near-Death Experience

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Dualism

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Input: The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Monism

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Input: A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Learning

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Associative Learning

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Classical Conditioning

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Behaviorism

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Unconditioned Response

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers a response. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Unconditioned Stimulus

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Input: In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Conditioned Response

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Input: In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Conditioned Stimulus

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Acquisition

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Extinction

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Spontaneous Recovery

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Input: The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Generalization

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Input: In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Discrimination

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Input: A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Operant Conditioning

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Input: Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Respondent Behavior

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Input: Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Operant Behavior

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Input: Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Law of Effect

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Input: : A chamber also known as a Skinner box, containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking. Used in operant conditioning research. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Operant Chamber

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Shaping

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Reinforcer

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Input: Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Positive Reinforcement

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: this is different from punishment.) [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Negative Reinforcement

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Primary Reinforcer

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as secondary reinforcer. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Conditioned Reinforcer

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Input: Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Continuous Reinforcement

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Input: Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Partial Reinforcement

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Fixed-Ratio Schedule

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Variable-Ratio Schedule

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after specified time has elapsed. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Fixed-Interval Schedule

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Variable-Interval Schedule

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An event that decreases the behavior that it follows. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Punishment

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Cognitive Map

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Input: Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Latent Learning

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Input: A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Intrinsic Motivation

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Input: A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Extrinsic Motivation

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Input: Learning by observing others. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Observational Learning

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Input: The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Modeling

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Mirror Neurons

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Prosocial Behavior

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Memory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Flashbulb Memory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The processing of information into the memory system- for example, by extracting meaning. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Encoding

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The retention of encoded information over time. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Storage

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The process of getting information out of memory storage. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Retrieval

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Sensory Memory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialling, before the information is stored or forgotten [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Short-Term Memory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Long-Term Memory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Working Memory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Automatic Processing

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Effortful Processing

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Rehearsal

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Spacing Effect

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Serial Position Effect

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The encoding of picture images. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Visual Encoding

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Acoustic Encoding

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Semantic Encoding

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Imagery

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Mnemonics

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Input: Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Chunking

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Iconic Memory

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Input: A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Echoic Memory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Long-Term Potentiation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The loss of memory. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Amnesia

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Input: Retention independent of conscious recollection. (Also called procedural memory.) [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Implicit Memory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare." (Also called declarative memory.) [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Explicit Memory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Hippocampus

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Recall

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Recognition

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Relearning

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. Ask a friend two rapid-fire questions: (a) How do you pronounce the word spelled by the letters s-h-o-p? (b) What do you do when you come to a green light? If your friend answers "stop" to the second question, you have demonstrated priming. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Priming

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: That eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Déjà Vu

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Input: The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Mood-Congruent Memory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Proactive Interference

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Retroactive Interference

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defence mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Repression

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Misinformation Effect

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. (Also called source misattribution.) It, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Source Amnesia

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Cognition

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Concept

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the it provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Prototype

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier- but also more error-prone- use of heuristics. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Algorithm

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solves problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Heuristic

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Insight

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Confirmation Bias

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Fixation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Mental Set

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Functional Fixedness

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Input: Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes, may lead one to ignore other relevant information. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Representativeness Heuristic

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory, if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Availability Heuristic

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency to be more confident than correct, to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Overconfidence

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The way an issue is posed, how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Framing

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Input: The tendency for one's pre-existing beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Belief Bias

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Belief Perseverance

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Input: Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Language

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Phoneme

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Input: In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning, may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Morpheme

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Grammar

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Semantics

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Syntax

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the house-hold language. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Babbling Stage

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: One-Word Stage

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Two-Word Stage

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Input: Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram- "go car"- using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Telegraphic Speech

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Linguistic Determinism

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Input: mental qualities consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Intelligence

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Factor Analysis

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A general intelligence factor that according to Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: General Intelligence

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Savant Syndrome

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Emotional Intelligence

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Creativity

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Intelligence Test

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Mental Age

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Stanford-Binet

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Intelligence Quotient

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Aptitude Test

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Input: A test designed to assess what a person has learned. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Achievement Test

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Standardization

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Input: The symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Normal Curve

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Input: The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Reliability

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Input: The behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as SAT) is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Criterion

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Input: The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion-related validity.) [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Predictive Validity

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Mental Retardation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Down Syndrome

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Stereotype Threat

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Input: The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Validity

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Input: The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Content Validity

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Input: A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Motivation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A complex behaviour that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Instinct

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Input: The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Drive-Reduction Theory

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Input: A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Homeostasis

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Incentive

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Hierarchy of Needs

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Glucose

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Set Point

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The body's resting rate of energy expenditure. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Basal Metabolic Rate

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Anorexia Nervosa

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Bulimia Nervosa

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution (EPOR, rope backwards). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Sexual Response Cycle

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Refractory Period

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Input: A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Sexual Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Estrogen

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Sexual Orientation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Flow

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Industrial-Organizational Psychology

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A subfield of industrial-organizational psychology (I/O psychology) that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Personnel Psychology

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A subfield of industrial-organizational psychology (I/O psychology) that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Organizational Psychology

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Structured Interviews

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of thing, people, or ideas (semicolon -insert-) for attaining a high standard. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Achievement Motivation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Task Leadership

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Social Leadership

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviours, and (3) conscious experience. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Emotion

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: James-Lange Theory

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Input: The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Cannon-Bard Theory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Schachter-Singer's theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Two-Factor Theory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Polygraph

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Catharsis

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: People's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Feel-good, Do-good Phenomenon

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Subjective Well-Being

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Adaptation-Level Phenomenon

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Relative Deprivation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Behavioral Medicine

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Health Psychology

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Stress

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three stages- alarm, resistance, exhaustion (ARE). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle (semicolon -insert-) the leading cause of death in many developed countries. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Coronary Heart Disease

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Type A

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Type B

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches. (Note: This is distinct from hypochondriasis- misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.) [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Psychophysiological Illness

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections (semicolon -insert-) T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Lymphocytes

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Coping

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Attempting to alleviate stress directly- by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Problem-Focused Coping

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Input: Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Emotion-Focused Coping

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness (semicolon -insert-) may also alleviate depression and anxiety. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Aerobic Exercise

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Biofeedback

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Unproven health care treatments not taught widely in medical schools, not used in hospitals, and not usually reimbursed by insurance companies. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Complementary and Alternative Medicine

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Personality

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Free Association

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts (semicolon -insert-) the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Psychoanalysis

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Unconscious

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Id

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The largely conscious, "executive" part of the personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. It operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Ego

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Superego

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Psychosexual Stages

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Oedipus Complex

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Identification

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Input: According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Fixation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Defense Mechanisms

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defence mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Repression

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Regression

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Reaction Formation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Projection

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Rationalization

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Input: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Displacement

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Input: Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Collective Unconscious

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Input: A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Projective Test

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Thematic Apperception Test

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach (semicolon -insert-) seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Rorschach Inkblot Test

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Input: Proposes that faith in one's worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Terror-Management Theory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved (semicolon -insert-) the motivation to fulfill one's potential. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Self-Actualization

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Input: According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Unconditional Positive Regard

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Input: All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?" [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Self-Concept

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Input: A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peers report. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Trait

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Input: A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors (semicolon -insert-) used to assess selected personality traits. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Personality Inventory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality test. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

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Input: A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Empirically Derived Test

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Social-Cognitive Perspective

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The interacting influences between personality and environment factors. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Reciprocal Determinism

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Personal Control

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's personal control determine one's fate. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: External Locus of Control

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The perception that one controls one's own fate. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Internal Locus of Control

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Learned Helplessness

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The scientific study of optimal human functioning aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Positive Psychology

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Spotlight Effect

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: One's feelings of high or low self-worth. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Self-Esteem

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A readiness to perceive oneself favorably. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Self-Serving Bias

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Psychological Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The concept that diseases have physical caused that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Medical Model

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Presently distributed in an updated "text-revision" (DSM-IV-TR). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: DSM-IV (The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition))

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Anxiety Disorders

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Panic Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Phobia

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and / or actions (compulsions). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and / or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Dissociative Disorders

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. (Also called multiple personality disorder.) [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Dissociative Identity Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Mood Disorders

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Major Depressive Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Mania

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.) [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Bipolar Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Schizophrenia

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Delusions

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behaviour patterns that impair social functioning. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Personality Disorders

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Antisocial Personality Disorder

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Psychotherapy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Biomedical Therapy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Eclectic Approach

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences- and the therapist's interpretations of them- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Psychoanalysis

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Resistance

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Interpretation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a patient). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Transference

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic, environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.) [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Client-Centered Therapy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Active Listening

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Behavior Therapy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Counterconditioning

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Behavioural techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Exposure Therapies

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Systematic Desensitization

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state( such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Aversive Conditioning

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behaviour and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Token Economy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Cognitive Therapy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Therapy that treats the family as system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or direct at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Family Therapy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back toward their average. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Regression Toward the Mean

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Meta-Analysis

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Psychopharmacology

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Tardive Dyskinesia

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetised patient. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Electroconvulsive Therapy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain (semicolon -insert-) used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behaviour. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Psychosurgery

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Lobotomy

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Social Psychology

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Suggests how we explain someone's behavior- by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Attribution Theory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Fundamental Attribution Error

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Attitude

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Cognitive Dissonance Theory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Conformity

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Normative Social Influence

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Informational Social Influence

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Social Facilitation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Social Loafing

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Deindividuation

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Group Polarization

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The mod of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Groupthink

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Prejudice

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A generalized (sometimes accurate but often over generalized) belief about a group of people. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Stereotype

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Unjustifiable negative behaviour toward a group or its members. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Discrimination

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: "Us"- people with whom one shares a common identity. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Ingroup

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: "Them"- those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Outgroup

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency to favor one's own group. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Ingroup bias

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Scapegoat Theory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Just-World Phenomenon

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any physical or verbal behaviour intended to hurt or destroy. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Aggression

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Frustration-Aggression Principle

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Conflict

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in a mutually destructive behaviour. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Social Trap

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Mere Exposure Effect

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Passionate Love

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Companionate Love

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Equity

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Self-Disclosure

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Altruism

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Bystander Effect

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Social Exchange Theory

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Reciprocity Norm

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Social-Responsibility Norm

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: Superordinate Goals

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a strategy designed to decrease international tensions. [Hindsight Bias]

Output: GRIT: Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction

AP Psychology Cumulative Review Myers Textbook Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] FORWARD, IMPERTINENT [PERTURBATION]

Output: PERT

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] HAVING INSIGHT [PERTURBATION]

Output: PERSPICACIOUS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] A PRIVILEGE OR PROFIT BEYOND REGULAR PAY [PERTURBATION]

Output: PERQUISITE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] CAUSE TO LAST INDEFINITELY [PERTURBATION]

Output: PERPETUATE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] VERY DESTRUCTIVE, FATAL [PERTURBATION]

Output: PERNICIOUS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] OUTWARD BOUNDS [PERTURBATION]

Output: PERIPHERY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] MECHANICAL, INDIFFERENT [PERTURBATION]

Output: PERFUNCTORY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] TREACHERY [PERTURBATION]

Output: PERFIDIOUS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] DICTATORIAL, UNCONDITIONAL [PERTURBATION]

Output: PEREMPTORY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] ETERNAL DAMNATION: HELL [PERTURBATION]

Output: PERDITION

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] NARROW-MINDED TEACHER [PERTURBATION]

Output: PEDANT

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] OF OR RELATING TO MONEY: MONETARY [PERTURBATION]

Output: PECUNIARY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] A SLIGHT OFFENSE, MINOR SIN [PERTURBATION]

Output: PECCADILLO

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] SMALLNESS OF NUMBER OR QUANTITY [PERTURBATION]

Output: PAUCITY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] SOMETHING INHERITED FROM ONE'S FATHER [PERTURBATION]

Output: PATRIMONY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] A PERSON OF HIGH BIRTH; ARISTOCRAT [PERTURBATION]

Output: PATRICIAN

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] FATHER-RULER OF A FAMILY OR TRIBE [PERTURBATION]

Output: PATRIARCH

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] QUALITY OF AROUSING PITY [PERTURBATION]

Output: PATHOS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] EVIDENT, OBVIOUS [PERTURBATION]

Output: PATENT

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] SHEPHERDS [PERTURBATION]

Output: PASTORAL

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] STINGINESS [PERTURBATION]

Output: PARSIMONY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] A STATEMENT THAT IS CONTRARY TO WHAT SEEMS LOGICAL [PERTURBATION]

Output: PARADOX

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] A SIMPLE STORY TO CONVEY A MORAL TRUTH [PERTURBATION]

Output: PARABLE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] A GO-BETWEEN IN LOVE INTRIGUES [PERTURBATION]

Output: PANDER

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] CURE-ALL [PERTURBATION]

Output: PANACEA

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] PARALYSIS; TREMORS [PERTURBATION]

Output: PALSY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] OBVIOUS [PERTURBATION]

Output: PALPABLE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] TO BECOME WEARISOME [PERTURBATION]

Output: PALL

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] TASTY [PERTURBATION]

Output: PALATABLE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] NOT SECRET, NOT CONCEALED [PERTURBATION]

Output: OVERT

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] TO BANISH [PERTURBATION]

Output: OSTRACIZE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] PRETENTIOUS, AN ATTEMPT TO IMPRESS OTHERS [PERTURBATION]

Output: OSTENTATIOUS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] TO HARDEN LIKE BONE [PERTURBATION]

Output: OSSIFY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] SPELLING [PERTURBATION]

Output: ORTHOGRAPHY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] ELABORATELY DECORATED [PERTURBATION]

Output: ORNATE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] OPENING, MOUTH [PERTURBATION]

Output: ORIFICE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] PREDICTING [PERTURBATION]

Output: ORACULAR

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] WEALTH [PERTURBATION]

Output: OPULENCE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] SHAMEFUL [PERTURBATION]

Output: OPPROBRIOUS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] BURDENSOME [PERTURBATION]

Output: ONEROUS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] THREATENING [PERTURBATION]

Output: OMINOUS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] GOVERNMENT BY FEW [PERTURBATION]

Output: OLIGARCHY

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] MEDDLESOME [PERTURBATION]

Output: OFFICIOUS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] HATEFUL, DISGUSTING [PERTURBATION]

Output: ODIOUS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] TO PREVENT [PERTURBATION]

Output: OBVIATE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] NOT QUICK OR ALERT IN PERCEPTION, FEELING OR INTELLECT [PERTURBATION]

Output: OBTUSE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] TO INTRUDE [PERTURBATION]

Output: OBTRUDE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] BOISTEROUS, RUDE [PERTURBATION]

Output: OBSTREPEROUS

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [AGITATION] GOING OUT OF USE [PERTURBATION]

Output: OBSOLESCENCE

WEEK 12 VOCABS Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Administer pain medications for acute pain without fear of addiction to the medication. [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: for ACUTE pain


Input: painful but not excruciating because you will not get the pain to come down from horrible! [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: Patient should get medication when pain is?


Input: PQRST Provoke factor (onset/duration) Quality (Burning/shooting etc) Region Severity (pain scale) Timing [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: How to Document Pain


Input: Full bladder Catheter or tubing Position causing compromised circulation. [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: Always remember to assess other forms of discomfort


Input: what the patient says it is.. Lower levels of pain are easier to reduce/control than higher levels of pain.. Wake patient to to administer meds.. [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: We are not the police is... Pain administration Side notes..


Input: muscle relaxation Environment meditation Hypnosis Biofeedback (Pt is tought to know vital signs and control their reaction to pain with breathing) [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: Non pharmacologic pain relief


Input: Assess pain (vital signs) Check Chart (Last meds recieved) Select appropriate medication as ordered Assess response to intervention at regular intervals. [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: Administering PRN meds


Input: ONLY the PATIENT can push the button. [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA)


Input: Morphine Dilaudid Demerol [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: Meds used with PCA


Input: elderly, young children, and any confused patients. [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: Patient Population NOT for PCA


Input: continuous infusion or not? Bolus dose? Lock out time? 4 hour dose limit? [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: In the order for a PCA


Input: Verbal orders are only for a change in infusion not for starting the PCA. Programmed and locked 2 RN check Pump reviewed Q4h NARCA and oxygen near bed side [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: PCA side notes


Input: start low and go slow... Analgesics last longer in older adults (increased risk for side effects and toxicity) [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: OLDER adults (PCA and meds)


Input: Relief of pain when a cure for the illness is not possible Administer based upon client's level of pain (increase as pain increases) Typically on schedule not on PRN [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: Palliative Pain Relief


Input: Antiemetics Antidepressants Corticosteroids NSAIDS [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: Adjunct meds


Input: dilute it (can be painful to the vein) and use in distant port it can drop BP and make them whoozy. [Signs and Symptoms of pain]

Output: MORPHINE


Input: Carries information up to the brain and instructions back down. [Hindbrain]

Output: Spinal Cord

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Input: autonomic functions like respiration, digestion and heart rate [Hindbrain]

Output: Medulla Oblongata

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Input: evel of arousal or conciousness and sleep [Hindbrain]

Output: The Pons

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Input: Mostly deals with movement. It regulates and coordinates movement, posture and balance [Hindbrain]

Output: Cerebellum

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Input: emotional brain [Hindbrain]

Output: Limbic System

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Input: It helps in storing and classifying emotionally charged memories. It plays a large role in producing our emotions, especially fear. [Hindbrain]

Output: Amygdala

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Input: It's primary role is in memory formation, classifying information, long-term memory. [Hindbrain]

Output: Hippocampus

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