Input: What factors predispose a cow to a displaced abomasum

Output: -age -parturition -nutrition -hypocalcemia -abomasal atony -concurrent dz -misc factors

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: True or false, younger cows are more likey to have a displaced abomasum?

Output: false, older cows are

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: Why is parturition a factor of displace abmasum?

Output: The enlarged uterus can displace the rumen allowing the abomasum to move under it

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: What role can ketosis play in displaced abomasum?

Output: adds to negative energy balance decr appetite decreased rumen fill may ;lead to shifting of organs

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: What effect does hypocalcemia have on the abomasum?

Output: decreased motility

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: What can cause abomasal atony?

Output: Increased VFA from concentrate feed

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: How do concurrent dzs such as metritis, mastitis affect the abomasum?

Output: endotoxins depress motlilty leads to hypocalcemia

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: What are the clinical sigsn of LDA/RDA?

Output: -decr appetitite -decr milk -normal TPR -ketouria/ketolactia -"DA" diarrhea -chane in contour? -decr rumen contractions -pinging over rib cage -may feel large rumen rectally

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: What are the clinical signs of abomasal volvulus?

Output: Complete anorexia Sharp decrease in milk production Sunken left paralumbar fossa Ketouria/Ketolactia Absent rumen contractions Scant manure production Elevated heart rate > 100 bpm Dehydration Systemic shock of left unattended Death May be able to rectally palpate the abomasum

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: How do you listen for a ping?

Output: Ausculation at each ICS -tympanic resonant sound on percussion do both sounds -ballotment of lower abdomen may reveal splashing sound

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: Where do you find the pings?

Output: Line form point of elbow to tuber coxae and from elbow to the stifle

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: Do all displaced abomasums ping?

Output: NO!

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: Where is the classic location for a LDA ping?

Output: lower third of abd from 8th ICS to paralumbar fossa,

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: Where is the classic location for a RDA/volvulus ping?

Output: usually confined to an area of the last 5 ribs in the upper half of the abdomen

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: What are the differentials for a LDA?

Output: -rumen tympany -peritonitis -pneumoperitoneum -physometra

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: What are the differentials for RDA?

Output: -Cecal dilitation or volvulus -Gas in spiral colon -“Off feed ping” – gas accumulation from ileus -Pneumorectum -Pneumoperitoneum -Physometra -Abomasal volvulus

SGU SVM Food Animal Medicine Final 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: How do you dx a DA?

Output: -Clinical signs -Percussion -Rectal examination -Clinical pathology -Liptak test (for LDA only)

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: What clinpath results would you expect in a DA?

Output: -CBC - normal unless concurrent dz -PCV/TP normal unless dehydrated can increase greatly with volvulus

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: What serum chem or blood gas results would you expect with DA?

Output: -Metabolic Alkalosis 9worse w/ volvulus or chronic LDA) -Hypochloremia -Hypokalemia -Hyperlactatemia (px w/ volvulus) -Hypocalcemia?? -Hyperbilirubinemia -Ketone bodies -Hypercalcemia (can occur with the systemic shock that accompanies abomasal volvulus>

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: What happens to chloride in a DA that is not a complete obstruction?

Output: +/- Mild hypochloremia +/- Mild metabolic alkalosis

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Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: Why might there be a hypochloremia with a volvulus

Output: Potential for sequestration of HCl in abomasum

SGU SVM Food Animal Medicine Final 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

Firmly attached anteriorly by the omasum but losley suspended by greater and lesser omentum


Input: Joanna, at adulthood, is finding that the size of newspaper print is getting smaller. To compensate, she holds the paper farther away from her eyes than when she was younger. What is a more likely explanation for her need to move the paper? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Farsightedness


Input: Which of the following hearing abilities declines first during middle adulthood? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Distinguish pure tones


Input: Gus has been picking up some extra shifts at work to make ends meet, including taking some all-night shifts. He has been making some costly errors on the job that he's never made before, even when he worked longer hours. What has caused the change? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Aging brain


Input: As Cecelia talked to her daughter on her cell phone, she failed to slow when cars in the same lane were stopping and hit the car in front of her. Why didn't she stop? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Distractions are harder to ingnore Aging Brain


Input: An initial symptom of frontotemporal dementia is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Surprising loss of modesty


Input: Desmond and Lucy, both in their mid-50s, wish to maintain their excellent brain functioning into their 70s, 80s, and even beyond. The best way to accomplish their goal is to: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Maintain general health


Input: The average age of menopause is about: [Collagen Skin]

Output: 51


Input: A common outcome when in vitro fertilization is used to assist in reproduction in the United States is that: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Birth Defects


Input: Which of the following is a true statement about hormone replacement therapy? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Menopausal symptoms diminish


Input: Women experience menopause; men experience: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Andropause


Input: A woman in the United States today is most likely to die from which type of cancer? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Lung cancer


Input: Examining worldwide trends in smoking shows that smoking: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Has decreased


Input: Reasons for low exercise rates cited in the text were primarily: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Lack of commitment lack of support community's failure of facilities


Input: The leading cause of premature adult death recognized by the World Health Organization is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Obesity


Input: One measure of health is morbidity, which: [Collagen Skin]

Output: rate of disease of all kinds in a given population-- physical and emotional, acute and chronic.


Input: Difficulty in performing normal activities of daily life because of a “physical, mental, or emotional condition” is called: [Collagen Skin]

Output: disability


Input: Combining all four measures of health yields a measure of just how healthy people are called: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Vitality


Input: Throughout the world, there are more old women than old men because: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Sense affects women more than men woman age slowly, females live longer worldwide


Input: The tens of millions of Americans who live in neglected neighborhoods and who are of low-socioeconomic status will: [Collagen Skin]

Output: die younger and unhealthy


Input: The Flynn effect is probably due to changes in: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Wider education and experience and better nutrition


Input: A psychologist who is studying the mathematical abilities of adults finds significant differences between the scores of adults born 50 years ago, when rote learning was stressed, and those born 25 years ago, when more “progressive” approaches to education were popular. This is an example of a(n): [Collagen Skin]

Output: Cross-Sectional Research or Flynn Effect


Input: When do most adults reach their peak of intellectual ability? [Collagen Skin]

Output: 40-60


Input: Frank and Joe are 55-year-old monozygotic twins. Since their genes are identical, according to research, how would they age? [Collagen Skin]

Output: The same


Input: The type of basic intelligence that makes learning quick and flexible is referred to as: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Fluid Intelligence


Input: The ability that involves crystallized intelligence to the greatest extent is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: interpreting a chemical formula.


Input: Creative intelligence requires ______ thinking. [Collagen Skin]

Output: Innovative


Input: According to Gardner, each of the eight intelligences that he identified is based on: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Particular section of the brain


Input: When developmentalists use the term “expert,” they usually mean a person who: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Practice be extensive at least 10 years and several hours a day More skilled, proficient, and knowledgeable at a task


Input: Data from the Seattle Longitudinal Study demonstrated that as adults grow older, their intellectual functioning increases if they: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Are motivated


Input: According to Erikson, failure to achieve generativity results in: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Loss of Personal Satisfaction


Input: According to research by Levinson, the period of adult life which is characterized by anxiety, re-examination and sudden transformation is referred to as the: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Midlife Crisis


Input: Compared to a few decades ago, the social clock is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: based on social standards not biological maturation


Input: Throughout adulthood, the major source of an individual's developmental continuity is his or her: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Behavioral development


Input: A person who seems to thrive on changes in his or her work, lifestyle, and relationships would most likely be rated high on the personality dimension called: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Big 5 - openness


Input: Davetta is very organized and tends to conform easily. She is high on which of the Big Five traits? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Conscientiousness


Input: A particular lifestyle and social context that evokes and reinforces personality traits is called an: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Ecological Niche


Input: Which of the following personality traits tends to increase with age? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Conscientiousness


Input: The loosening of gender restrictions during middle age is most likely to lead to a gender: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Convergence


Input: The combined total amount of stress and disease with which an individual must cope is known as: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Allostatic Load


Input: Isaac has been experiencing job-related stress due to the threat of corporate downsizing and the introduction of new advanced technology that he doesn't yet understand. Rather than seeking employment elsewhere, he reminds himself about the valuable contributions he has made to the company for many years and tries to remain optimistic. He is coping with his allostatic load with: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Emotion Focused


Input: Biologically, allostatic load may be relieved by close companionship at times of severe stress because it: [Collagen Skin]

Output: reduces cortisol, the stress hormone


Input: The members of the Kramer family share all aspects of their lives with each other, including their successes and challenges. They have: [Collagen Skin]

Output: linked lives


Input: When Rob graduated from college, he found a good job, a nice apartment, and made new friends. Now three years later, his company went bankrupt and he moved back into his parents' home. We can expect their relationship to: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Familism-- support one another in sucess or failure


Input: Celina and Jorge have recently moved Celina's elderly parents into their home. Even though they face sacrifices for doing so, they believe they did the right thing because of: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Familism


Input: Closeness in the relationships between siblings over the years from childhood through late adulthood can be conceived of as a(n): [Collagen Skin]

Output: Help each other with their teenage children, stressful marriages, and elderly relatives


Input: Jeremy was reared in several foster homes and never knew his parents. When he started working with Kent, he became close to Kent's family to the point when they fondly referred to him as “our new-found son.” Jeremy is the family's: [Collagen Skin]

Output: fictive kin


Input: A major factor that influences marital happiness is the: [Collagen Skin]

Output: how old the newlyweds were


Input: Current objective research data on coupling experiences of same-sex partners is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: the same as heterosexual partners


Input: A particularly difficult type of stress that reduces a couple's ability to successfully work through their problems is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Chronic Financial Pressure


Input: After remarriage, women typically become more financially secure, and men: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Better Health


Input: Research indicates that remarried people: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Less healthy and less successful


Input: The most common ways to satisfy generativity are through work with children and employment that allows personal growth. Another way in which it may be satisfied is through: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Creative Endeavors


Input: Families with stepchildren, foster children, or adoptive children experience greater challenges in developing secure attachments. This is because: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Strong attachment to other caregivers


Input: Which of the following is a true statement regarding the middle generation as the sandwich generation? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Care for younger and older generations


Input: After nearly 20 years with his company, Mike's job was outsourced. He wants his new job to offer not only a good wage but also job satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. He is focused on the: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Intrinsic Rewards of Work


Input: Cheryl is entering the workforce due to a recent divorce. As a single parent with three children, she needs at least a livable wage, good benefits, and a retirement plan. She is focused on the: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Extrinsic Rewards of Work


Input: Ageism is more insidious when concerning the elderly than the young because: [Collagen Skin]

Output: ageism no longer affects teenagers when they become adults. For elderly as they grow older, ageism gets worse.


Input: What is the relationship between recent changes in demography and ageism? [Collagen Skin]

Output: More people survive to later adulthood


Input: When graphing population changes in developed nations, a population problem that may arise is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: not enough babies


Input: The fastest-growing group in the population of the United States are those: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Elderly People


Input: A dependency ratio is calculated by comparing the number of ______ with the number of ______. [Collagen Skin]

Output: productive adults dependents


Input: In developed nations, which is the most common living arrangement for people over age 65? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Live with a spouse


Input: The main reason we may not notice the young-old is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Make up the largest group of older adults


Input: The leading cause of death for men and women is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Cardiovascular disease


Input: Which of the following describes the relationship of age and chronic disease? [Collagen Skin]

Output: age makes bodily systems slower and less efficient and thus makes disease more likely


Input: Older adults who are most likely to experience sleep problems including insufficient deep sleep are: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Smokers and older men


Input: A marked decrease in motor reaction time and brain processing in older adults may be attributed to: [Collagen Skin]

Output: degenerative change in basal ganglia


Input: The most common cause of blindness in the elderly is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Macular Degeneration


Input: Limiting the time a person spends being ill or infirm is referred to as: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Compression of Morbidity


Input: The wear-and-tear theory of aging is weakened by the fact that: [Collagen Skin]

Output: We breathe and move and get better


Input: An important reason that average life expectancy over the past century has risen is that: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Better sanitation and nutrition


Input: The term “free radicals” refers to: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Electrons of some atoms in our bodies are unattached to their nuclei. Lead to cancer and diabetes


Input: The concept of aging as a result of cellular duplication errors is based on the fact that the body's ability to make new cells that are exact copies of the original ones: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Cellular Aging


Input: Many illnesses are more likely to be fatal to the elderly because: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Weakening immune systems


Input: The Hayflick limit is a natural limit to the: [Collagen Skin]

Output: The amount of times human cells divide


Input: If you want to extend your life by slowing down the aging process, the most promising method is: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Calorie Restriction


Input: For people who reach late adulthood in good health, the most important determinant of longevity may be: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Achieve a compression of morbidity


Input: General decline of cognitive abilities after the age of 65 are typically attributed to: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Interference


Input: The primary reason older people receive less input into their brains is that: [Collagen Skin]

Output: senses are less sharp


Input: Vickey will be 60 years old on her next birthday. She loves doing crossword puzzles but is concerned that her vocabulary will decrease with age. You tell her that it will actually increase at least until the age of: [Collagen Skin]

Output: 80


Input: Storage mechanisms, retrieval strategies, selective attention, and logical analysis are all considered: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Control Process


Input: What advice could you give a middle-aged adult who is concerned about the effects of secondary aging on brain function in old age? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Calorie Intake


Input: The biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease is being: [Collagen Skin]

Output: a Woman and age


Input: In the second stage of Alzheimer's disease, a person: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Read a newspaper and forget what they read the next moment Generalized confusion--deficits in concentration and short term memory


Input: Which of the following is a subcortical dementia? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Parkinson's' Disease Huntington's Disease Multiple Sclerosis


Input: Which of the following can cause reversible dementia? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Medication Inadequate Nutrition Alcohol Abuse Depression Other Mental Illnesses Brain Injury Tumor


Input: Multi-infarct dementia may be prevented by: [Collagen Skin]

Output: eat less fatty food. stop or reduce smoking. have your blood pressure taken regularly by your doctor.


Input: The fact that many older people begin to demonstrate an interest in painting, music, or woodworking supports the idea that older people: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Heightened Appreciation


Input: Dorothy has begun keeping a detailed journal that includes stories of her childhood to early adulthood. She plans to pass her journal down to her grandchildren as a family history and so that they could know her in a more intimate way. Her journal writing is a form of: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Life Review


Input: Elements of wisdom include: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Warm social interactions humor alturistic concern Comprehensive approach to life's problems Reflecting timeless truths rather than immediate expediency


Input: According to Erikson, each new experience throughout life requires: [Collagen Skin]

Output: A Reassessment of Identity


Input: According to identity theory, the process of maintaining identity in late adulthood involves balancing: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Past identity and Current Condition


Input: If neuroticism, the most worrisome of the Big Five traits, remains high in older adulthood, the worry and anxiety associated with it could contribute to: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Increased cognitive impairment


Input: The three major stratification categories that can limit choice at every stage of life are: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Social Forces Cultural Influences Direct Life


Input: Recent research in Sweden has indicated that the quality of life in late adulthood is directly related to: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Change in Health


Input: Continuity theory would argue that the reaction of a 70-year-old to the news that he has diabetes and must dramatically change his lifestyle is best predicted by the patient's: [Collagen Skin]

Output: adaptive change


Input: When investigating the relationship between retirement and marriage, researchers have learned that if both spouses are working it is best: [Collagen Skin]

Output: For them to retire together


Input: Where is an elderly person most likely to prefer to live? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Age in place -- Staying in the same place


Input: According to research, positive emotions in the elderly are correlated with: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Religious Involvement


Input: Compared to single older adults, the married elderly tend to be: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Healthier, Wealthier, Happier


Input: Ed and Janet have been married for 60 years. When asked to share their secret to a long marriage, Ed replied: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Both partners feel comfortable by their familiarity Life long shared experiences


Input: Elderly men may be more troubled by losing a spouse than elderly women are because men: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Are less likely to seek out comfort and help


Input: The closest but most vulnerable family relationship when the parent is in late adulthood is the relationship between: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Them and child


Input: Most contemporary grandparents in the United States prefer which role? [Collagen Skin]

Output: Involved Grandparents


Input: The difference between ADLs and IADLs is that: [Collagen Skin]

Output: IADLs require intellectual competence and forethought


Input: Which of the following is a true statement about family caregivers of the frail elderly? [Collagen Skin]

Output: often caregivers of the elderly are themselves elderly caregivers often experience substantial stress sometimes caregivers feel fulfilled by their experiences designated caregivers are often chosen less for practical reason than because of cultural expectation respite care


Input: Several recent trends have contributed to making a good death more likely than a bad death. They are: [Collagen Skin]

Output: One that is peaceful and quick and occurs at the end of a long life


Input: In most African traditions, death provides: [Collagen Skin]

Output: An occasion for affirmation for the entire community


Input: Researchers who have subsequently investigated Kübler-Ross's stages have: [Collagen Skin]

Output: not found sequential stages in dying people's approach to death


Input: A seriously ill person is allowed to die naturally, without any medical intervention, via what is called: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Passive Euthanasia


Input: In Oregon, physician-assisted suicide is highest among: [Collagen Skin]

Output: Loss of autonomy Average 69 Better Educated More Divocred Risher European Americans


Input: An important function of the mourning process is to: [Collagen Skin]

Output: move grief towards reaffirmation


Input: [Haversian canals] Osteocyte

Output: Bone-forming cell found in the bone matrix that helps maintain the bone.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Osteoblast

Output: Cell that helps in the creation of new bone during growth and bone repair.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Perforating canals

Output: Structures through which blood vessels enter and exit the bone shaft.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Devascularization

Output: Loss of blood vessels from a body part.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Diaphysis

Output: Hallow shaft found in long bones.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Epiphysis

Output: End of a long bone, including the epiphyseal, or growth plate, and supporting structures underlying the joint.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Cancellous

Output: Having a lattice-work structure, as in the spongy tissue of a bone.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Articular surface

Output: Surface of a bone that moves against another bone.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Metaphysis

Output: Growth zone of a bone, active during the development stages of youth. It is located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Epiphyseal plate

Output: Area of the metaphysis where cartilage is generated during bone growth in childhood. Also called the growth plate.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Medullary canal

Output: Cavity within a bone that contains the marrow.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Yellow bone marrow

Output: Tissue that stores frat in semiliquid form within the internal cavities of a bone.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Red bone marrow

Output: Tissue within the internal cavity of a bone responsible for the manufacture of erythrocytes and other blood cells.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Periosteum

Output: The tough exterior covering of a bone.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Cartilage

Output: Connective tissue providing the articular surfaces of the skeletal system.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Sesamoid bone

Output: Bone that forms in a tendon.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Synarthroses

Output: Area where adjacent bones articulate.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Amphiarthroses

Output: Joints that permit a limited amount of independent motion.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Diarthroses

Output: Synovial joints.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Synovial joint

Output: Type of joint that permits the greatest degree of independent motion.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] - Synarthroses - immovable - Amphiarthroses - very limited movement - Diarthroses (synovial joints) - relatively free movement = Monaxial = Biaxial = Triaxial

Output: Types of Joints

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Adduction

Output: Movement of a body part toward the midline.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Abduction

Output: Movement of a body part away from the midline.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Circumduction

Output: Movemnet at a synovial joint where the distal end of a bone describes a circle but the shaft does not rotate.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Ligaments

Output: Bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone and hold joints together.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Synovial fluid

Output: Substance that lubricates synovial joints.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Bursa

Output: Sac containing synovial fluid that cushions adjacent structures.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Axial skeleton

Output: Bones of the head, thorax, and spine.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Appendicular skeleton

Output: Bones of the extremities, shoulder girdle, and pelvis (excepting the sacrum).

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Scapula

Output: Triangular bone buried within the musculature of the upper back.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Clavicle

Output: Bone that holds the scapula and shoulder joint at a fixed distance from the sternum and permits the shoulder to move up and down (shrug).

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Humerous

Output: The single bone of the proximal upper extremity.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Radius

Output: Bone on the thumb side of the forearm.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Ulna

Output: Bone on the little finger side of the forearm.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Olecranon

Output: Proximal end of the ulna.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Carpal bones

Output: Bones of the wrist.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Metacarpals

Output: Bones of the palm.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Phalanges

Output: Bones of the fingers and toes.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Pelvis

Output: Skeletal structure where the lower extremities are attach to the body.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Innominate

Output: One of the structures of the pelvis.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Ilium

Output: Large, flat innominate bone.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Ischium

Output: Irregular innominate bone.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Iliac crest

Output: Lateral bony ridge that is a landmark of the pelvis.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Ischial tuberosity

Output: One of the bony knobs of the posterior pelvis.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Femur

Output: Large bone of the proximal lower extremity.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Tibia

Output: The larger bone of the lower leg that articulates with the femur.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Fibula

Output: The small bone of the lower leg.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Malleolus

Output: The protuberance of the ankle.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Calcaneus

Output: The largest bone of the foot; the heel.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Metatarsal

Output: One of the bones forming the arch of the foot.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Fasciculus

Output: Small bundle of the muscle fibers.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Origin

Output: Attachment of a muscle to a one that does not move (or experiences the least movement) when the muscle contracts.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Insertion

Output: Attachment of a muscle to a bone that moves when the muscle contracts.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Opposition

Output: Paring of muscles that permits extension and flexion of limbs.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Tendons

Output: Bands of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] - Contusion - Compartment syndrome - Penetrating injury - Muscle fatigue - Muscle cramp - Muscle spasm - Muscle strain

Output: Types of Muscular Injuries

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Fatigue

Output: Condition in which a muscle's ability to respond to stimulation is lost or reduced through overactivity.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Cramping

Output: Muscle pain resulting from overactivity, lack of oxygen, and accumulation of wast products.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Spasm

Output: Intermittent or continuous contraction of a muscle.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Strain

Output: Injury resulting from overstretching of muscle fibers.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] - Sprain - Subluxation - Dislocation

Output: Types of Joint Injury

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Sprain

Output: Tearing of a joint capsule's connective tissues.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] - Grade I - minor and incomplete capsule tear; painful, but minimal swelling; joint stable - Grade II - significant by incomplete tear; moderate to severe pain, swelling; joint intact but unstable - Grade III - complete tear; severe pain and spasm; joint unstable

Output: Types of Sprains

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Subluxation

Output: Partial displacement of a bone end from its position in a joint capsule.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Dislocation

Output: Complete displacement of a bone end from its position in a joint capsule.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Closed fracture

Output: A broken bone in which the bone ends or the forces that caused it do not penetrate the skin.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Open fracture

Output: A broken bone in which the bone ends or the forces that caused it penetrate the surrounding skin.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] - Open - Closed - Hairline - Impacted - Transverse - Oblique - Comminuted - Spiral - Greenstick - Epiphyseal

Output: Types of Fractures

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Hairline fracture

Output: Small crack in a bone that does not disrupt its total structure.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Impacted fracture

Output: Break in a bone in which the bone is compressed on itself.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Transverse fracture

Output: A break that runs across a bone perpendicular to the bone's orientation.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Oblique fracture

Output: Break in a bone running across it at an angle other than 90 degrees.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Comminuted fracture

Output: Fracture in which a bone is broken into several pieces.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Spiral fracture

Output: A curving break in a bone as may be caused by rotational forces.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Fatigue fracture

Output: Break in a bone associated with prlonged or repeated stress.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Greenstick fracture

Output: Partial fracture of a child's bone.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Epiphyseal fracture

Output: Disruption in the epiphyseal plate of a child's bone.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Osteoporosis

Output: Weakening of bone tissue due to loss of essential minerals, especially calcium.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Callus

Output: Thickened area that forms at the site of the fracture as part of the repair process.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Bursitis

Output: Acute or chronic inflammation of the small synovial sacs.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Tendonitis

Output: Inflammation of a tendon and/or its protective sheath.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Arthritis

Output: Inflammation of a joint.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Osteoarthritis

Output: Inflammation of a joint resulting from wearing of the articular cartilage.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Rheumatoid arthritis

Output: Chronic disease that souses deterioration of peripheral joint connective tissue.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Gout

Output: Inflammation of joints and connective tissue due to buildup of uric acid crystals.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] - Life- and limb-threatening injuries - Life-threatening injuries, minor musculoskeletal injuries - Non-life-threatening injuries, serious limb-threatening injuries - Non-life-threatening injuries, isolated minor musculoskeletal injuries

Output: Classification of Patients with Musculoskeletal Injuries

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] - Pain - Pallor - Paralysis - Paresthesia - Pressure - Pulses

Output: The Six Psin Evaluation Limb Injury

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] - Feelings of tension within limb - Loss of distal sensation (especially in webs of fingers and toes) - Complaints of pain - Condition more severe than mechanism of injury would indicate - Pain on passive extension of extremity - Pulse deficit (late sign)

Output: Early Indicators of Compartment Syndrome

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] - Protecting open wounds - Proper positioning - Immobilization the injury - Monitoring of neurovascular function

Output: Basic Muscluloskeletal Injury Care

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] Reduction

Output: Returning of displaced bone ends to their proper anatomical orientation.

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: [Haversian canals] - Rest the extremity - Ice for first 48 hours - Compress with elastic bandage - Elevate extremity

Output: RICE Procedure for Strains, Sprains, and Soft-Tissue Injuries

Vol 04 Chap 07 - Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards - Cram.com

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel through the bone itself.


Input: Exercise may stimulate increased blood flow to the tissues and promote faster release of antigens into the bloodstream. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: Why do you not exercise before allergy shots?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: stinging insects, pollens, dust mites, allergic asthma. Not for hives or food allergies [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are allergy shots good for?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: More rapid build up to the maitenance dos of extract. Given every few hours rather than every few days. Greater risk of body-wide reaction so usually under medical supervision [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is rush immunotherapy?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Increasing doses of allergen but is given as drops placed under tongue and swallowed rather than injections. Helpful to select patient population [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is oral immunotherapy?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Controlled studies have shown intranasal administration of grass, birch tree and dust mites effective at reducing rhinitis. May not have the longer lasting benefits of traditional immunotherapy. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is intranasal immunotherapy?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Reduced levels of LDL or bad cholesterol but had little effect on buildup of plaque in the arteries. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What were the results of twenty years of study on Vytorin?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: they may lower the risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol and lowering inflammatory factors that can aggravate plaques, causing them to burst and block heart arteries, as well as reduce amounts of triglycerides, a particularly dangerous form of fat for the heart. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are statins?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: trial data manipulation [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What was government concerned of regarding Vytorin?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Zocor and Zetia [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is vytorin?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: simvastatin [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is the generic statin?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: food you eat and genes you inherit [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What does your risk of heart disease depend on?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: thought it was the center of emotions and intellect. When mummifying people, they would take it out of body and put it into a jar to preserve it. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What did the ancient egyptians think in regards to the heart?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a Roman pysician who observed the heart in open cest cavities as he would take care of Gladiators. Thought it made blood and then delivered the spirit to the rest of the body [What are allergy shots?]

Output: Who was Galen?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Developed a new technique to repair heart valves and is performed by robots, surgeon controls arm of robot. Very few incisions compared to open heart surgery [What are allergy shots?]

Output: Who is Mr. Francis Wells?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: First to realize that the heart was a pump. Realized that heart would circulate the blood through the lungs, where it would be oxygenated and then to the rest of the body because all parts require a constant supply of oxygen [What are allergy shots?]

Output: Who was William Harvey?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In the center of the cavity. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: Where is the heart?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Size of the human fist, 5-6 liters of blood per minute through 100,000 km of blood vessels. Beats 2.6 billion times in a lifetime. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: How big is the heart, how much blood does it pump per minute and through what? How many times does it beat in a lifetime?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Vena Cava returns the blood to the heart with two valves (one from lower body and legs and other from head and arms) [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is the largest vein in the body and what does it do?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Vena Cava enter in the right atrium and collects the used blood to pump it down through a valve into the right ventricle which pumps the blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What does the right atrium do? Where does the blood then get pumped?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry to hte heart [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is the difference between arteries and veins?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: they carry oxygenated blood except from the pulmonary artery because blood gets oxygenated in the lungs. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is known about arteries?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Comes back via the pulmonary vein into the left atrium the pumped down to the left ventricle [What are allergy shots?]

Output: Where does the blood go after it has been oxygenated in the lungs?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pumped out through Aorta (biggest Artery) which subdivides into different arteries to spread the blood throughout the body [What are allergy shots?]

Output: Where does blood go form left ventricle?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Capillaries (narrow as human hair) so small red blood cells can pass through individually [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are the smallest arteries?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: failure to pump enough blood (cells would be starved of oxygen), impairment of electrical signal (cells on heart that act as pacemaker so heart will not pump without signal) reduced flow of blood through coronary arteries (arteries feed heart constant supply of oxygen) improper functioning of heart valves (hearts pumping efficiency decreases) [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What can go wrong with the heart?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: arteries that surround heart like a crown and feed it its constant supply of oxygen. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are coronary arteries?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: downward crease on your earlobe, baldness. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are common indicators of heart disease?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: men [What are allergy shots?]

Output: Who are more common to develop heart disease?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: before menopause but after the amount of heart attacks even out. Nothing to do with estrogen [What are allergy shots?]

Output: When are women protected against heart attacks?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Smoking, bigger risk factor than it is for lung cancer. Carbon Monoxide in cigarette smoke displaces oxygen form hemoglobin so less oxygen in blood [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is a huge risk factor for heart disease?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: obesity (more weight more blood vessels and harder heart has to work) diabetes [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are common risk factors for heart disease?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Not enough insulin so excess glucose in the blood which broken into compounds that are toxic to muscle cells. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What do diabetics not produce enough of? What does this lead to?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Milligrams per Deciliter and Millimoles per Liter. If blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or 7 mmol/L after overnight fast then chance you have diabetes [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are the 2 systems to measure blood sugar?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Give you a fixed amount of glucose in solution to drink and then take your blood later to check levels. Tests if your insulin production is effective (insulin tells your cells to take up Glucose from the blood) If result is over 11 mmol/L have Diabetes [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: gies you an idea of blood glucose levels over past 2-3 months. Analyzes how much hemoglobin in red blood cells reacted with breakdown products of Glucose. Best way to check if a regimen that a Diabetic is on is actually working [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is the Hemoglobin A1C?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: essential biochemical needed for life. Body can make it. used to synthesize a variety of steroidal hormones [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is cholesterol?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: form deposits called atherosclerotic plaque which blocks flow of blood oxygenating the heart. Caused by high colesterol [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What happens when cholesterol ends up inside our coronary arteries?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Saturated fats [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are main cause of high cholesterol?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Statins - drugs that reduce cholesterol. Prevent liver from making cholesterol [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What could 1/3 of all heart attacks and strokes be prevented by?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lipitor. Muscle aches and elevated liver enzymes and possibly impaired memory [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is the most popular Statin? What are its side effects?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Naturally occuring compound. Said to be a risk factor but not concluded it is a cause of heart disease. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is homocyteine?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Formed by amino acid Methionine and then metabolized by the B Vitamins. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What forms homocysteine and one formed what happens?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inadequate B Vitamin intake. High levels can be toxic to the cells that line blood vessels. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What causes high levels of homocysteine? What does this mean?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Simply a market whatever elevates the risk of heart disease is elevating Homocysteine levels [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is homocysteine in relation to heart disease?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Swelling, increase in temperature and pain risk factor for heart disease [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What does inflammation include?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: C-reactive protein (CRP) hgih levels of this indicate higher risk of heart disease. Says that inflammation is going on somewhere in the body. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is an inflammatory marker?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Diets classified as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is best way to prevent inflammation?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Omega 3 fats (fish oils, canola, flax) give rise to prostaglandins that reduce inflammation. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What type of fats are anti-inflammatory?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Omega 6 fats (corn oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil) give rise to prostaglandins that enhance inflammation. Most americans have diets toward pro-inflammatory side [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What type of fats are pro-inflammatory?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1:1. American diet is 9:1 towrads Omega-6 [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What should proportion be between anti and pro inflammatory fats?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Bacterial or viral infections. Immune system rush to area and release chemicals. Sometimes body makes mistake and targets itself and causes autoimmunity. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What can cause inflammation?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Poor dental health leads to higher risk of heart disease. When your gums are infected and bleed easy entryway for bacteria. Bacteria can cause infections leading to inflammation [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What does dental health have to do with heart disease?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Elevated blood pressure. Related to stress but not always. Stress does increase blood pressure though. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is hypertension?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Systolic and Diastolic. S/D (diastolic for denominator) units are millimeters of Mercury (mm Hg) because used Manometers (instrument around arm) that had tube containing mercury but now do not have mercury but use same units [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What do you measure blood pressure in?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cutoff blood pressure. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: 130-135/85-90 is what?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: people tend to stress about their blood pressure being taken so it goes up [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is White Coat Hypertension?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mental stress-caused and essential hypertension (cause unknown) [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are the two types of hypertension?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Exercise for 30 minutes 5 times a week, Diet of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy and restricted in fat. Closer you are to a vegetarian diet, better of you are. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are the ways to reduce blood pressure?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: High in Potassium which is known to reduce blood pressure [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is good about bananas?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Increases blood pressure [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What does salt to?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Diuretics. Make you urinate more and by removing water from your blood lower the amount of liquid total and lower the pressure of blood. Can cause you to lose Potassium so take supplements [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What medication is safest in reducing blood pressure?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor. Ex is Vasotec. Block formation of Aniotensin II which increases blood pressure. Blocks the enzyme that makes it. Side effects are that it can lower white blood cell count so increased susceptibility to infection [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are ACE inhibitors?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: interfere with activity of adrenaline. Beta Blockers reduced high blood pressure by throttling back the force and speed of the heart. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are beta blockers?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cause Arteries to relax and dialate. Calcium important for nerve function especially the ones that cause increase in blood pressure by artery contraction [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are calcium channel blockers?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Last drug to be used against high blood pressure if nothing else works. Is Angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Blocks the receptor that Angiotensin would bind to. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is Valsertan?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Painful constriction in the chest. Indication something is wrong. When coronary arteries are blocked it slows oxygen supply to the heart causing Angina. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is Angina?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: preliminary buildup of plaque (not yet dangerous) [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is early cardiovascular disease?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: plaques that are significant in size. With large plaque heart may not be able to meet it's own oxygen requirements when exercising because not enough blood flow [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are atheromas?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: It forms a blood clot which plugs up the artery complete so all tissues fed by artery die. When plaque bursts open it perceives it as a cut so blood platelets gather to form a clot, if it forms inside of a coronary artery you are in trouble. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What happens when a plaque bursts open?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: exercise [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What usually induces Angina?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Angina during rest the arteries go into spasm which can choke off the flow of blood. If there are large plaques already deposited in the arteries, less intense spasm can still choke off flow of blood. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is vasospastic angina?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When someone has Angina put on a treatmill and activity heart is monitored by electrodes. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is the stress test?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Nitroglycerine because it dilates the blood vessels but does not remove plaque. Cannot use paddles to shock the heart though because there will be an explosion [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What can be used to treat the symptoms of Angina?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: headaches because blood vessels dilated all over the body. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are the side effects of nitroglycerine?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Beta blockers: reduce the force of contraction of the heart, heart won't need as much oxyen. Calcium antagonists: relaxes muscles that constrict arteries which widens the blood vessels. Arginine: Amino Acid that promotes formation of Nitric Oxide which widens the blood vessels. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What else other than nitroglycerine can be used to treat angina?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Beta Blockers and Calcium Antagonists [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is a common treatment for Angina?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: If angina and high blood pressure are not addressed heart becomes very inefficient. Usually affects left ventricle which is very important. In congest. heart failure blood is not returning to hte heart properly. The serum (liquid in the heart) starts to leak out into surrounding tissues and causes dropsey. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is congestive heart disease?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Water is retained in the tissues and ankles first places to swell. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What visible symptoms are there for congestive heart disease?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, heart valve problems, abnormal heart rhythms, thyroid problems. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are causes of congestive heart disease?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Discovered the first treatment of Dropsy. Made a brew from the Foxglove plant. Worked [What are allergy shots?]

Output: Who is William Withering?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: digitalis which is a mix of compounds that causes heart to beat more forcefully. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is the active ingredient in the foxglove plant?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Diuretics to reduce fluid build up, beta blockers to improve pumping function, ace inhibitors to relax constriction of blood vessels (none of those CURE it yet though) then coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ-10) which is an OTC that is essential coenzyme that synthesizes ATP. It will make the cardiac cells create more energy. Amount to take is debatable. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: How do they treat congestive heart failure?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The heart begins to beat irregularly. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is cardiac arrhythmia?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: range of drugs but best is pacemaker. Electrical device that tells heart when to beat. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is used to treat cardiac arrhythmia?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Most severe heart problem . Pain in the arm or chest indivative. Caused by the blockage of a coronary artery. Blood clot is formed when platelets adhere to site of injury and produce fibril "net" that ensnare everything passing by. This makes the blood be choked off to part of heart causing heart attack [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is a heart attack (myocardial infarction)?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1.5 million. 25% die immediately. 25% don't know suffered heart attack [What are allergy shots?]

Output: How many heart attacks are there per year in north america?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Morphine: to relieve the pain, oxygen: to increase the oxygen content of the blood. Nitroglycerine: to dilate blood vessels. Aspirin: dissolves any blood clots that have formed. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is usual treatment for a heart attack at a hospital?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Caused by blockage of one of the coronary arteries. Hearts begin to fibrillate instead of property pumping, not stopped but inefficient pumps. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is ventricular fibrillation?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: CPR or defibrillator which is a machine with two paddles that delivers an electric shock to patient's chest [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What do you do if ventricular fibrillation occuring?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Adrenaline and Atropine because they will immediately increase the force of contraction of the heart, sometimes they need to be injected directly in the heart. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What do emergency situations of ventricular fibrillation use?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: electrocardiograms (EKG). Can determine if damage to the heart muscle. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What do they perform at a hospital to determine what is going on inside the heart?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Troponin and creatine kinase [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What enzymes are released into blood if tissues have been damaged?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: heparin, a carbohydrate polymer [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What can be used to prevent further blood clot formation?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Thrombolytics and other methods. TPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator) such as Activase interacts with proteins called Plasminogens to break down into Plasmins and go on to dissolve the cots. Not that common anymore [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What do they use to dissolve blood clots?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A Cardiologist can physically dissolve the blood clot. They insert a Catheter usually in the leg and sname it up into the heart wile looking through an X-ray device. Then they inflate a balloon at the end of the Catheter to open the site of blockage. Called Balloon Angioplasty. They then put in a Stent which is a metal spring that holds the artery open, it is around the balloon so when balloon inflates it pushes stent into place and when deflates stays in place. Stent not permanent solution and can promote inflammation. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is a Cath Lab?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflating a balloon on the end of a catheter to open an artery [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is Balloon Angioplasty?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a metal spring put in place by balloon angioplasty used to hold an artery open [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is a stent?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: One type of stent that releases anti-inflammatory drugs from the metal frame, but not as useful as hoped. Even with stent in place 15-25% people have re-narrowing of the arteries. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is a drug eluting stent?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Radiation in the form of a very small pellet is placed inside the artery and the radiation destroys some of the tissue inside the artery which prevents new plaque deposits from forming. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: How is radiation used in terms of ventricular fibrillation?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Through a catheter, you can burn the deposit with a laser however it is too sensitive, if you miss you can burn through the artery. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is laser endarterectomy?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Used when the condition cannot be solved by diet or lifestyle changes. The chest is opened and heart is exposed. Arteries are taken from the leg and sewn on, bypassing the site of blockage. To do this a heart-lung machine has to take over because heart must be stopped. It sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs and sends it through the rest of the body when heart is operated on. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is bypass surgery?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: One opens the chest and other harvests artery from the leg. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What two group perform the bypass surgery?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Anticoagulants because heart tissue has been injured and clots could form. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What must the patient take after bypass surgery?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: memory impairment and people don't feel right after [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are complications of bypass survey?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: They replace existing faulty valves by pig valves or by simple valve like those in snorkeling masks [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What is valve surgery?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: It is simple to engineer a pump that will circulate blood but heard to make one that will speed up and slow down when necessary. A power source is hard to find too so people will have to carry around external device to power the heart filled with compressed air. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are the important facts about an artificial heart?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: First one was done 40 years ago. Survival rates used to be very low and rejection common. Commonly performed now. [What are allergy shots?]

Output: What are important facts about heart transplants?

Midterm 2 Readings Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ______ is communicating information between the seller and potential buyer or others in the channel to influence attitudes and behavior. [2]

Output: Promotion

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ______is the part of the marketing mix that that lets customers know that the right Product is available at the right Place at the right Price. [2]

Output: Promotion

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] This involves the direct spoken communication between sellers and potential customers. [2]

Output: Personal Selling

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ______ is communicating with large numbers of potential customers at the same time. This is less flexible than personal selling. [2]

Output: Mass Selling

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Any paid form of non personal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. [2]

Output: Advertising

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] You pay for advertising but _____ is free. [2]

Output: Promotion

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Any unpaid form of nonpersonal presentatioin of ideas, goods, or services. [2]

Output: Publicity

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] This refers to promotion activities- other than advertising, publicity, and personal selling- that stimulate interest, trial, or purchase by final customers or others in the channel. [2]

Output: Sales Promotion

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] These people are conecerned with managing personal selling. These people are responsible for building good distribution channels and implementing Place policies. [2]

Output: Sales Manager

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] These people manage their company's mass-selling effort- in television, newspapers, magazines, and other media. [2]

Output: Advertising Managers

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Communication with noncustomers, including labor, public interest groups, stockholders, and government. [2]

Output: Public Relations

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] These people manage their company's sales promotion effort. [2]

Output: Sales Promotion Managers

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The international coordination of every communication from a firm to a target customer to convey a consistent and complete message. [2]

Output: Marketing Communications

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The intentional coordination of every communication from a firm to a target customer to convey a consistent and complete message. [2]

Output: Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The source deciding what it wants to say and translating it itno words or symbols that will have teh same meaning to the receiver. [2]

Output: Encoding

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Any distraction that reduces the effectiveness of the communication process. [2]

Output: Noise

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The receiver translating the message. [2]

Output: Decoding

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The Carrier of the Message [2]

Output: The Message Channel

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] When a channel of distribution involves intermediaries, their cooperation can be crucial to the success of the overall marketing strategy. [2]

Output: Pushing

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Getting customers to ask intermediaries for the product [2]

Output: Pulling

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] This shows when different groups accept ideas. It emphasizes the relations among groups and shows that individuals in some groups act as leaders in accepting a new idea. [2]

Output: Adoption Curve

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] These people are the first to adopt. [2]

Output: The innovator

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] These people are well respected by their peers and often are opinion leaders. [2]

Output: Early Adopters

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] These people ar well respected by their peers and are often opinion leaders. They tend to be younger, more mobile, and more creative than later adopters. [2]

Output: Early Adopters

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The ______ avoid risk and wait to consider a new idea after many early adopters have tried it- and liked it. [2]

Output: Early Majority

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] These people are cautious about new ideas. Often they are older and more set in their ways. [2]

Output: Late Majority

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] These people prefer to do things the way they've been done in the past and are very suspicious of new ideas. [2]

Output: Laggards or Nonadopters

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] This is a demand for the general product idea- not just for the company's own brand, [2]

Output: Primary Demand

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] In this stagemore competitors enter the market, and promotion emphasis shifts from building primary demand to stimulating _______- demand for the company's own brand. [2]

Output: Selective Demand

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Basing the budget on the job to be done. It helps you to set priorities so that the money you spend produces specific results. [2]

Output: Task Method

MKG 300 Exam #3 (Chapter 14) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Integumentary system.] The epidermis and the dermis.

Output: What are the two sections of the integumentary system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The thin outer layer. It has no blood vessels, the outer layer is composed of dead cells, the inner layer contains epithelial cells.

Output: What is the epidermis?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They produce keratin which is a structural protein that toughens the skin. (Keratin is also present in hair and nails.)

Output: What do epithelial cells produce?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is the deep layer and is mostly composed of connective tissue. It produces melanin.

Output: What is the dermis?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It's a pigment that absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun.

Output: What is melanin?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is called the subcutaneous layer, which is filled with fatty deposits that help store heat.

Output: What is the level beneath the dermis?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Sweat glands and hair follicles.

Output: What are scattered through the skin?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They are thermoregulation and protection.

Output: What are the two major functions of skin?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It keeps the body at a constant temperature.

Output: What is thermoregulation?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The blood supply increases and the capillaries dilate, allowing heat to be lost.

Output: What occurs if the body temperature is high?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The blood supply to the skin decreases and the capillaries close, conserving heat.

Output: What happens if the body temperature is low?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is the physical barrier against infection and the skin's absorption of ultraviolet rays protect other layers of tissue from damage.

Output: What are the different ways in which skin protects the body?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It protects organs, offer structural support, and provides sites of muscle attachment.

Output: What does the skeletal system do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Four. Long, flat, short, and irregular.

Output: How many types of bones are in the body?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They are in the arms, legs, toes, and fingers. They curve slightly to absorb shock and have large ends.

Output: What is a long bone?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The skull, ribs, hips, sternum, and scapula consist of broad plats of bone.

Output: What are flat bones?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They are in the kneecap, wrist, and ankle.

Output: What are short bones?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They make up the vertebrae and parts of the face.

Output: What are irregular bones?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] A dense material made up of structural units called Haversian system. Haversian systems are cylindrical sections.

Output: What is compact bone?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] A Haverisan canal, a tube that houses bundles of blood vessels and nerves.

Output: What is at the center of each Haversian system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Concentric rings of bony tissue, which contain osteoblasts that lay down the bony matrix.

Output: What surrounds the canal?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is the inner portion of bone, which is less dense than compact bone. It does not contain Haversian systems.It consists of newtork of supporting elements called trabeculae.

Output: What is spongy bone?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Bone marrow, it is composed of fatty soft tissue and cells that produce red and white blood cells.

Output: What in the center of long bones?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] A dense connective tissue essential to the skeletal system. It is more flexible than bone and functions well in absorbing shock, lubricating joints, and providing support.

Output: What is cartilage?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Most of the skeleton is cartilage, but later it is replaced by bone.

Output: What happens as a baby that is interesting?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Tendons, which attach muscle to bone, and ligaments, which attach bones together at joints.

Output: What are other connective tissue?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Inner supportive elements of the body, the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

Output: What does the axial skeleton consists of?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The femur.

Output: What is the largest bone in the body?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Sutures. (The skull)

Output: When joints are immovable they are called...

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Throughout the axial skeleton. (Vertebrae.) These joints absorb shock and are able to move slightly.

Output: Where are cartilagenous joints found?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They are in the appendicular skeleton. They are strong and have free movement. They are lubricated by synovial fluid.

Output: What are synovial jonints?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It reduces friction between tendons, ligaments, muscles, and bones.

Output: What does synovial fluid do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is responsible for converting chemical electrical impulses and chemical elements into mechanical movement.

Output: What is the muscular system responsible for?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal.

Output: What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is also called visceral muscle and it lines the walls of arteries and organs. It is called smooth because it lacks the striations of skeletal muscle. Involuntary muscle.

Output: What is smooth muscle?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is found only in the contractile walls of the heart. This tissue is straited, but controlled by the autonomic nerve system.

Output: What is cardiac muscle?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They are electrical connections between cardiac muscle which relay impulses during a heartbeat.

Output: What are intercalated discs?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Voluntary movement.

Output: What is the skeletal muscle responsible for?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Red Muscle

Output: What is another word for "slow-twitch"?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is a skeletal muscle that contains many mitochondria to supply energy for movement.

Output: What is red muscle?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It gives it the red color and enable the muscle to work for extended periods without fatigue.

Output: What does the mitochondria do for the red muscle?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Slow-twitch fibers.

Output: What type of muscle/fibers do you use for a long walk?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] White or Fast-twitch fibers.

Output: What do you use for a sprinting?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The white muscles contract with more force but they fatigue more rapidly.

Output: What is the difference between the white and red muscles?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Fiber.

Output: Many closely packed myofibrils make up what?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Sarcoplasmic reticulum, which stores calcium ions, and T-tubules, which help to conduct nerve impluses.

Output: What are surrounding the filaments in the muscle?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?