Input: When performing an alkaline wave on a client, thioglycolate is joined with what ingredient to create a waving lotion? ammonia sodium bromate sodium hydroxide hydrogen peroxide

Output: Ammonia. Thioglycolate is joined with ammonia to create a waving lotion in an alkaline wave.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which of the following is NOT a step taken when performing a virgin sodium hydroxide relaxer service? perform a strand test perform periodic comb tests pre-shampoo the client's hair follow the service with a neutralizing shampoo

Output: Pre-shampoo the client's hair. Pre-shampooing the client's hair is not a step a salon professional should perform during a virgin sodium hydroxide relaxer service.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which of the following descriptions does NOT identify a step involved in a thermal reconditioning? straighten the hair using a flat iron neutralize the hair with a designated product reform to produce a new curl pattern around perm tools relax the hair with an ammonium thioglycolate-based product

Output: Reform to produce a new curl pattern around perm tools. The main steps performed for thermal reconditioning are: relax the hair with a thio-based product, straighten the hair with a flat iron, and neutralize the hair with a designated product.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Super strength relaxer is used for which of the following hair conditions? fine, porous hair color-treated hair curly-to-medium textured hair tightly curled, coarse-textured hair

Output: Tightly curled, coarse-textured hair. Super strength relaxer is used for tightly curled, coarse-textured hair.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: When performing a chemical relaxer procedure on porous hair, choose a product labeled: mild regular super extreme

Output: Mild. When performing a chemical relaxer service on porous hair choose a product labeled mild.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Zonal patterns, or partial perms, are designed to: curl only the ends produce only weak ends avoid splits in a final design position new texture only where it is desired

Output: Position new texture only where it is desired. Zonal patterns, also called partial perms, involve adding texture to certain areas, or zones, of the head.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What is used to protect the scalp and hairline from the sodium hydroxide relaxer product? sealer conditioner hand lotion base cream

Output: Base cream. A protective base cream is used to protect the client's scalp and hairline during a sodium hydroxide relaxer service.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What is the most likely cause of underprocessed hair? rods too small for the desired cur hair wrapped too tightly around rods perm solution left on the hair too long perm solution not left on the hair long enough

Output: Perm solution not left on the hair long enough. Underprocessed hair is most likely caused by perm solution not left on the hair long enough.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which of the following statements is NOT true? hair that has been colored cannot be permed avoid perming damaged hair that shows breakage do not perm hair if there are scalp abrasions present never perm hair that has been treated with sodium hydroxide

Output: Hair that has been colored cannot be permed. Do not perm hair if scalp abrasions are present, hair shows breakage or has been treated with sodium hydroxide.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What is applied to a client's hairline prior to a perm service to protect the skin? ammonia neutralizer perm solution barrier (protective) cream

Output: Barrier (protective) cream. Barrier (protective) cream is applied to the client's hairline prior to a perm service.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What could be the cause of a perm not lasting as long as expected? overprocessing uneven distribution excessive stretching incomplete neutralization

Output: Incomplete neutralization. Incomplete neutralization could be the cause of a perm that does not last as long as expected.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What is used to protect the scalp and hairline from caustic chemicals? sealer conditioner hand lotion base cream

Output: Base cream. A protective base cream is used to protect the scalp and hairline from the chemical relaxer product.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: The main ingredient found in an acid wave is: sodium hydroxide calcium hydroxide potassium hydroxide glycerol monothioglycolate

Output: Glycerol monothioglycolate. The main ingredient found in an acid wave is glycerol monothioglycolate.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which relaxer strength would be used on healthy, color-treated, fine-textured or porous hair? mild super regular resistant

Output: Mild. A mild relaxer strength should be used on healthy, color-treated, fine-textured or porous hair.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which of the following steps may be required when perming resistant hair? pre-lightening longer processing time longer neutralizing time shorter processing time

Output: Longer processing time. Resistant hair may require a longer processing time.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: To equalize the porosity of highly porous hair, it may be necessary to use which of the following products? pre-wrap product disulfide product strong shampoo product sodium hydroxide product

Output: Pre-wrap product. To equalize the porosity of highly porous hair, it may be necessary to use a pre-wrap product.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Virgin thio relaxers may be applied after all of the following EXCEPT: a light shampoo a vigorous shampoo an analysis of hair and scalp a strand test and an elasticity test

Output: A vigorous shampoo. It is recommended to pre-shampoo the hair lightly prior to applying the virgin thio relaxer.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What is the range of pH for alkaline waves? 3.0 to 4.5 5.0 to 6.5 6.9 to 7.2 8.0 to 9.5

Output: 8.0 to 9.5 Alkaline waves have a pH range of 8.0 to 9.5.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Why should brushing the hair before any chemical service be avoided? prevents scalp irritations increases static electricity causes the cuticle to flatten increases excretion of sebum

Output: Prevents scalp irritations. Brushing hair before a perm may cause scalp irritation.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What could be the cause of weak or limp curls? client's mood overprocessing underprocessing using rods that are too small

Output: Underprocessing. Weak or limp curls can be caused by underprocessing.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: To remove all chemicals after the hair has been neutralized the hair needs to be: rinsed blotted relaxed reprocessed

Output: Rinsed. To remove all chemicals after the hair has been neutralized, the hair will need to be rinsed.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: When performing a metallic test, immerse at least 20 strands of hair in the prepared mixture for: 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes

Output: 30 minutes. When performing a test for metallic salts, immerse at least 20 strands of hair in the prepared mixture for 30 minutes.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: The hair's ability to stretch and return to its original shape is called: texture density porosity elasticity

Output: Elasticity. Elasticity is the hair's ability to stretch and return to its original shape.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which of the following could describe what determines the processing time and proper perm solution? client's growth pattern client's natural hair color the size of the applicator bottle the texture, elasticity and porosity of the client's hair

Output: The texture, elasticity, and porosity of the client's hair. The texture, elasticity and porosity determine the processing time and proper perm solution.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Rearrangers are used during a curl reformation process to reduce the natural curl. What is the main ingredient found in rearranges? hydrogen peroxide sodium hydroxide ammonium thioglycolate glycerol monothioglycolate

Output: Hydrogen peroxide. Ammonium thioglycolate is the main ingredient found in rearrangers, which are used during a curl reformation process to reduce the natural curl.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: When using the double paper technique, the first end paper is positioned under the strand past the ends of the hair, and the second paper is placed on top of the strand and: near the scalp next to the scalp slightly past the first end paper lined up exactly with the bottom paper

Output: Slightly passed the first end paper. The double-paper technique utilizes one end paper placed under the strand past the ends of the hair with the second paper placed on top of the strand and slightly past the first end paper.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: An acid-balanced neutralizing shampoo or stabilizer is used after the hair is free of chemicals to: smooth the hair loosen the shape condition the hair reharden the hair

Output: Reharden the lock. It is important to use an acid-balanced neutralizing shampoo or stabilizer to reharden (lock) the hair into its new, straighter shape.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: To protect previously treated hair from the chemical product when performing a relaxer retouch service, what should be applied? powder alkaline product protective cream neutralizing product

Output: Protective cream. To protect previously treated hair from the chemical product, a protective cream should be applied.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: With concave rods the hair on both ends must travel farther than the hair in the center to make one complete turn around the rod, creating a: larger, looser curl in the center narrow curl throughout the strands consistent curl throughout the strands wider and more spiraling pattern on the ends

Output: Wider and more spiraling pattern on the ends. Concave rods create a wider and more spiraling pattern in the hair wrapped around the ends.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Proper draping procedures for chemical services accomplish all of the following EXCEPT: preventing burns preventing skin irritation protecting the client's clothing place cape between client and chair back

Output: Place cape between client and chair back. Proper draping procedures protect the client's clothing and skin to help prevent skin irritation and burns.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: In the perm procedure, proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or: bevels in the hair spirals in the hair beads on the ends of the hair fishhooks on the ends of the hair

Output: Fishhooks on the ends of the hair. Proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or fishhooks on the ends of the hair.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which of the following descriptions does NOT identify the meaning of porosity? the hair's ability to stretch the hair's ability to retain liquids the hair's ability to absorb liquids the hair's ability to absorb perming solution

Output: The hair's ability to stretch. Porosity refers to the ability of the hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals. The more porous the hair, the more able it is to absorb the perm solution.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What determines the size and shape of the new curl configuration? hair color perm solution perm rod size neutralizing solution

Output: Perm rod size. Perm rod size determines the size and shape of the new curl configuration.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which of the following is NOT true about acid perms? better for fragile hair slower processing time create soft, natural curls better for use on resistant hair

Output: Better for use on resistant hair. Acid perms create soft natural curls, are better for fagile hair and have a slower processing time.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Virgin relaxers may be applied away from the scalp because body heat will: cause it to melt cause it to harden diffuse it throughout the air allow it to spread upward toward the scalp

Output: Allow it to spread upward toward the scalp. Chemical relaxers have a tendency to spread toward the scalp due to body heat, so further application may not be needed.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: To create the most volume, which tool position should be used? on base off base half-off base underdirected

Output: On base. The on-base tool position creates the most volume.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: During a curl reforming service, what size parting should be used? wider than normal thinner than normal twice as wide as normal three times as wide as normal

Output: Thinner than normal. A thinner than normal parting is used for wrapping hair during a curl reforming service.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: How far from the scalp should a virgin relaxer be applied? 1/4" to 1/2" 3/4" to 1" 1 1/4" to 1 1/2" 1 3/4" to 2 1/2"

Output: 1/4" to 1/2". Virgin relaxer should be applied 1/4" (.6 cm) to 1/2" (1.25 cm) from the scalp.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which of the following conditions determines the processing time and proper relaxer strength to use? natural hair color length of the hair how soon hair will be cut texture, elasticity and porosity

Output: Texture, elasticity, porosity. Texture, elasticity and porosity determine the processing time and proper relaxer strength to use.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Before perming, determine if the hair has been tinted, bleached, highlighted/frosted or: conditioned set in pincurls previously permed cut in the past month

Output: Previously permed. Before perming, determine if the hair has been tinted, bleached, highlighted/frosted or previously permed.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which of the following chemicals is NOT one of the main ingredients found in most neutralizers? potassium sodium bromate sodium perborate hydrogen peroxide

Output: Potassium. Sodium bromate, sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide are the main ingredients found in most neutralizers.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: One of the causes for breakage in the nape after a relaxer service is due to: improper rinsing lack of sensitivity improper formulation insufficient moisture content

Output: Improper rinsing. Improperly rinsing the relaxer product from the client's nape can cause breakage within the nape after relaxing.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: The size of the base and the angle at which the hair is projected while wrapping determines the: roller size base control tool position curl formation

Output: Tool position. Tool position is determined by the size of the base and the angle at which the hair is projected while wrapping.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: If curl reforming is desired, cut off all hair previously treated with which of the following? peroxide sodium hydroxide ammonium thioglycolate glycerol monothioglycolate

Output: Sodium hydroxide. If curl reforming is desired, cut off all hair previously treated with sodium hydroxide.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which of the following descriptions is NOT a basic relaxer service? acid virgin zonal curl diffusion

Output: Acid. There are four basic relaxer services: curl diffusion, virgin relaxer, retouch relaxer and zonal relaxer.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Prior to performing a preliminary test curl, hair should be shampooed and: left wet air dried thermally dried gently towel-dried

Output: Gently towel-dried. Prior to a preliminary test curl, hair should be freshly shampooed and gently towel dried.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: After completing a service it is important to update the client's: record card release form consultation form home care products

Output: Record card. After completing a service, it is important to update the client's record card.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Alkaline perms produce faster processing times and: more shine better color stronger curl less curl consistency

Output: Stronger curl. Alkaline perms produce faster processing times and a stronger curl.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Sodium hydroxide relaxers are also known as: lye relaxers thio relaxers no-lye relaxers base chemical relaxers

Output: Lye relaxers. Sodium hydroxide relaxers are also known as lye relaxers.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: The primary method for applying the relaxer chemical is with a: clip brush spatula spray bottle

Output: Brush. The primary method for applying the relaxer chemical is with a brush.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: A pull test is performed to check for which of the following conditions: porosity melanin elasticity brittleness

Output: Elasticity. A pull test is a method to check for elasticity.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: When performing a curl reformation service, the rod diameter chosen should be at least how many times larger than the diameter of the natural curl pattern? two four six ten

Output: Two. When performing a curl reformation service, the rod diameter chosen should be at least two times larger than the diameter of the natural curl pattern.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: The chemical phase of perms involves all of the following EXCEPT: applying neutralizer applying perm solution wrapping hair around the perm tool rinsing the perm solution from the hair

Output: Wrapping hair around perm tool. The chemical phase of perms involves applying perm solution, rinsing perm solution and applying neutralizer.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: In alkaline waves, the perm solution chemically breaks or reduces the: porosity of the hair medulla of the hair strong disulfide bonds color molecules in the hair

Output: Strong disulfide bonds. In alkaline waves, the perm solution chemically breaks the strong disulfide bonds.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What ingredient in color products could cause uneven curls, discoloration and hair breakage? red dye metallic salt oxidative color nonoxidative color

Output: Metallic salt. If metallic salts are present during a perm service the results could include uneven curls, discoloration and hair breakage.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which type of perm rod would be used to achieve uniform curls? curved convex straight concave

Output: Straight. Use a straight perm rod to achieve uniform curls.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: The alkalinity of cold waves causes the hair fiber to soften and: swell shrink become brittle become acidic

Output: Swell. The alkalinity of cold waves causes the hair fiber to soften and swell.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What is the optimum percent of natural curl pattern to remove when relaxing? 25% 50% 75% 85%

Output: 85%. The optimum percent of natural curl pattern to remove when relaxing is 85%.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What should be applied to the hair to restore protein or moisture lost during a chemical process? mousse cholesterol barrier cream protein and/or moisturizing conditioner

Output: Protein and/or moisturizing conditioner. A protein or moisturizing conditioner can be applied to help restore protein and/or moisture balance lost during processing.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Hair density does not always correspond to which of the following? color texture porosity elasticity

Output: Texture. Hair density does not always correspond to hair texture.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What is the shape of a tightly curled hair follicle? oval round straight elliptical

Output: Elliptical. The shape of a tightly curled hair follicle is elliptical.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Skipping rods when applying perm solution could cause: breakage frizziness loss of all curl inconsistent curl formation

Output: Inconsistent curl formation. Skipping rods when applying perm solution could cause inconsistent curl formation.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Which tool position results in no curl at the scalp and a minimal degree of volume? on base off base half-off base underdirected

Output: Off base. The off-base tool position results in no curl at the scalp and a minimal degree of volume.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: What product should NOT be applied to hair that has been previously permed with ammonium thioglycolate? neutralizer conditioner metallic salts sodium hydroxide

Output: Sodium hydroxide. Do not apply sodium hydroxide to hair that has been permed with ammonium thioglycolate or to hair that is going to be permed with ammonium thioglycolate.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: The more porous hair is: the more elastic it is the more coarse it is the less resistant it is to absorbing perm solution the more resistant it is to absorbing perm solution

Output: The less resistant it is to the absorbing perm solution. The more porous hair is, the less resistant it is to absorbing perm solution.

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

Hair that has been bleached. Do not apply sodium hydroxide relaxer to extremely porous hair that has been colored with permanent hair color or lightened hair (decolorized, bleached).


Input: Bias introduced when screen detects a disease earlier and thus lengthens the time from dx to death [Observational bias]

Output: Lead-time bias

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: If you want to know if geographical location affects infant mortality rate but most variation in infant mortality is predicted by socioeconomic status, then socioeconomic status would be considered a what? [Observational bias]

Output: Confounding variable

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The number of true positive divided by the total number of pts w/ diease. [Observational bias]

Output: Sensitivity.

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sensitive tests have low false negatives and are thus used to rule _____ a disease. [Observational bias]

Output: Out

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: PPD reactivity is used as a screening test b.c most ppl w/ TB (except those who are anergic) will have a + PPD. So is it highly sensitive or highly specific? [Observational bias]

Output: sensitive

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Do chronic diseases have higher incidence or prevalence? [Observational bias]

Output: Higher prevalence

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Epidemics such as influenze have higher incidence or prevalance? [Observational bias]

Output: Higher incidence

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cross-section studies give you incidence or prevalence? [Observational bias]

Output: Prevalence

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cohort studies can measure incidence or prevalence? [Observational bias]

Output: both

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Case control studies measure incience or prevalence? [Observational bias]

Output: Neither

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A test that consistently gives identical results but the results are wrong is what? [Observational bias]

Output: High reliability, low validity

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Difference between a cohort study and a case-control study [Observational bias]

Output: Cohort studies can be used to calculate relative risk, incidence, and/or odds ration. Case control studies can be used to calculate odds ratio (ie case control studies cannot be used to calculare RR!)

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: (incidence rate of a disease in exposed ppl) - (incidence rate of a disease in non-exposed ppl) [Observational bias]

Output: Attributable risk

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: (The incidence rate of a disease in a population exposed to a particular factor) / (the incidence rate of those not exposed) [Observational bias]

Output: relative risk

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The likelihood of a disease among ppl exposed to a risk factor compared to those who have not been exposed to the risk factor [Observational bias]

Output: Odds ratio

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1 / [ (rate in untreated group) - (rate in untreated group) ] [Observational bias]

Output: Number needed to treat

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In which pts do you initiate screen for colon cancer early? [Observational bias]

Output: Pts w/ IBD, FAP, HNPCC, and those who have first-degree relatives w/ colon cancer or w/ adenomatous polyps

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The most common cancer in men; the most common cancer killer in men. [Observational bias]

Output: prostate and lung

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Percentage of cases w/in 1 SD of the mean? w/in 2 SDs? 3? [Observational bias]

Output: 68%, 95.4%, and 99.7%

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of live births per 1000 population in one year [Observational bias]

Output: Birth rate

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of live births per 1000 females (age 15-44) in one year [Observational bias]

Output: fertility rate

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of deaths per 1000 ppl in population in one year [Observational bias]

Output: Mortality rate

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of death from birth to 28 days per 1000 live births in one year [Observational bias]

Output: Neonatal mortality rate

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of deaths from 28 days to 1 year per 1000 live births in one year [Observational bias]

Output: Postnatal mortality rate

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of deaths from birth to 1 year per 1000 live births in one year (ie neonatal mortality rate + postnatal mortality rate) [Observational bias]

Output: Infant mortality rate

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of deaths from 20 weeks gestation to birth per 1000 total births in one year [Observational bias]

Output: Fetal mortality rate

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of deaths from 20 weeks gestation to one month of life per 1000 total births in one year [Observational bias]

Output: Perinatal mortality rate

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of deaths during pregnancy to 90 days postpartum per !100,000! live births in one year [Observational bias]

Output: Maternal mortality rate

First Aid Step 2: Epidemiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the ability of water molcules to stick to other substanes [(evapo)transpiration]

Output: adhesion


Input: an underground layer that holds water [(evapo)transpiration]

Output: aquifer


Input: mixed of gases that forms a layer around the earth [(evapo)transpiration]

Output: atmosphere


Input: a living organism that is able to indicate if an enviroment is healthy or not [(evapo)transpiration]

Output: bio-indicators


Input: all living things on earth [(evapo)transpiration]

Output: biosphere


Input: the process that moves wather through a narrow porous space [(evapo)transpiration]

Output: capillary action


Input: a visible clump of condensed water vapor that floats in the atmosphere [(evapo)transpiration]

Output: cloud


Input: the attractive force between water molecules [(evapo)transpiration]

Output: cohesion


Input: the amount of one substance in a certain volume of another substance [(evapo)transpiration]

Output: concentration


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] soma, and parikaryon

Output: neuron cell bodies are also known as

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] metabolic center of cell signal reception local signal propagation production of proteins and other molecules

Output: functions of the soma include

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] junction of the cell body and the axon

Output: Axon hillock is the:

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] gemmules

Output: dendritic spines are also known as

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] signal propagation and signal transmission

Output: 2 primary actions of axons are signal ____ and ____

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] organelles, macromolecules, etc. between the cell body and regions of the axon

Output: Axonal transport moves

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] the cell body to the termination of the axon

Output: anterograde transport means movement from

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] the axon terminal to the cell body

Output: retrograde transport means movement from

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] axon hillock

Output: AP generation occurs in the axon

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] terminal arbor

Output: Axon terminal branches into the

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] oligodenrocytes in the Central Nervous System and Schwann cells in the Peripheral nervous system

Output: Myelin is produced by ___ in the CNS and ___ in the PNS

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] conduction velocity of AP metabolic energy

Output: myelin results in an increases: and conserves:

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] myelin

Output: Nodes of Ranvier are regions without _____

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] Na channels

Output: There is a high concentration of ___ at the Nodes of Ranvier

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] the Nodes of Ranvier

Output: The propagation of an AP occurs at

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] the part of the axon covered in myelin between the nodes of ranvier

Output: An internode is

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] ensheathed by Schwann cells

Output: Unmyelinated nerve fibers in the PNS are usually

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] covered by processes of astocytes, but are generally not ensheathed

Output: Unmyelinated nerve fibers in the CNS may be

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] the dendrites and cell body

Output: Input from other neurons synapses on these two parts of the second neuron

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] receptor potential

Output: The local change in membrane potential is known as

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] receptor potential in the next neuron

Output: Inputs from other neurons produce a:

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] an action potential if it is of sufficient magnitude

Output: The receptor potential/local change in membrane potential could cause

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] sensory

Output: Bipolar and pseudounipolar neurons have this function

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] the Posterior (Peripheral) root ganglia and the Central root ganglia

Output: Cell bodies of bipolar and pseudounipolar neurons are located in

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] Proximal and distal processes

Output: Sensory neurons (bipolar and pseudounipolar) do not have axons. what do they have?

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] muscles and glands

Output: Efferent neurons innervate

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] multipolar

Output: Interneurons are always ____-polar

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] produce myelin

Output: Oligodendrocytes have this function

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] maintain the general environment and communicate with neurons

Output: astrocytes have this function

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] phagocytic

Output: Microglia have this function

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] the ventricles

Output: Ependymal cells line

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] PNS are specialized Schwann cells that surround the neuronal body

Output: Satellite cells are in the ___ and do this:

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [Neurons and glial cells] 24, 1st ppt in the class

Output: ended at slide:

2008 FALL Neurohistology/Neurophysiology Flashcards - Cram.com

Two basic cell types in the nervous system


Input: [1] Cash [2]

Output: Asset Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Sales [2]

Output: Revenue Credit

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Accts Receivable [2]

Output: Asset Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cost of Goods Sold [2]

Output: Expense Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Insurance Expense [2]

Output: Expense Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Capital Stock [2]

Output: OE Credit

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mortgage Payable [2]

Output: Liability Credit

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Salaries and Wages Expense [2]

Output: Expense Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Retained Earnings [2]

Output: OE Credit

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Salaries Payable [2]

Output: Liabilty Credit

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Accts Payable [2]

Output: Liability Credit

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Interest Revenue [2]

Output: Revenue Credit

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Inventory [2]

Output: asset Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Interest Receivable [2]

Output: asset Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Notes Payable [2]

Output: Liability Credit

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Equipment [2]

Output: Asset Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Office Supplies [2]

Output: Asset Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Utilties Expense [2]

Output: Expense Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Interest Payable [2]

Output: Liability Credit

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Rent Expense [2]

Output: Expense Debt

Classification of Accts Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the range of the data best describe

Output: the difference between the greatest and the least number

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the median best describe?

Output: the number

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the first step to find the median?

Output: arrange the data in order from least to greatest

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the mode best describe?

Output: is the data value that occurs most often

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the first step to find the mean of your data?

Output: add all the dat and devide by the numder of data

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the mean describe?

Output: it describes the average

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the first steps in finding the mean?

Output: add all the data and devide by the number of data

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the mode of your data?

Output: it is the data value that occurs most often

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the range of your data?

Output: is the difference between the greatest and the least number

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In the data file: 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 8, 7. What is the mode?

Output: the mode is 8

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In the data file: 54, 63, 72, 54, 65, 78, 93. What is the median?

Output: the median is 65

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In the data file: 7, 8, 18, 47, what is the range?

Output: the range is 40

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is another name for the median

Output: the middle number

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In which case do you need to order the dat from least to greatest?

Output: when find the median

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In which case do you need to add all the data in the dat set?

Output: when finding the mean

Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: All real or documentary evidence must be authenticated as genuine and that it is what it purports to be. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Definition of Authentication

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When proving the contents of a writing, the original must be produced if the terms are material. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Definition of Best Evidence Rule

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Is the evidence relevant? 2) Is there a proper foundation? - Has competency been established? - Has the authenticity of the evidence been established? - Has the reliability of the scientific test been established? 3) Is the evidence in the proper form? - questions phrased properly? - answers w/in requirements for lay/expert opinion? - comply with BE Rule? 4) Is evidence subject to exclusionary rule? -403 -hearsay -policy based -privilege -parol evidence [Definition of Relevance]

Output: 4 Step Approach to Answering Evidence Problems

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An out of court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. A statement that is otherwise hearsay is admissible to prove notice or knowledge on the part of the listener. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Definition of Hearsay

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Legally operative facts or verbal acts (words of contract, gift, or defamatory words) 2) Statements offered to show their effect on the hearer or reader (to prove negligence in negligence cases) 3) Statements offered as circumstantial evidence of declarant's state of mind (evidence of insanity or notice) [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Three examples of out of court statements that are not in need of cross examination, and are thus not hearsay?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A witness is competent to testify if he has personal knowledge of the subject matter and he declares he will testify truthfully. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Define Witness Competence

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In Nevada, confidential communications between a physician and a patient are privileged. However, the privilege is not applicable where the plaintiff puts his physical condition in issue. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Define Physician-Patient Privilege in Nevada

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Statements of present physical condition made to a physician are admissible if made to assist in diagnosing or treating the condition. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Define Present Physical Condition

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Expert must be qualified 2) Testimony must be helpful to the jury 3) The opinion must be based on a reasonable degree of certainty [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Expert Witness Three Requirements

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Confidential communications between an attorney and a client, made during professional consultation are privileged from disclosure. In Nevada, a communication is "confidential" if it is not intended to be disclosed to a third person. An unknown eavesdropper does not destroy privilege and cannot testify. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Define Attorney Client Privilege

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: If offered by P = inadmissible If offered by D = admissible w/requirements [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Character evidence in criminal cases. Offered by P? Offered by D?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Can be done by calling another witness who testifies as to Reputation or Opinion. P can then rebut by calling another W with R or O - can ask about specific acts "are you aware of..." [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What are the requirements for D offering character evidence at a criminal trial?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Former testimony 2) Family history 3) Dying declaration 4) Declaration against interest DD DIP THis [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Hearsay exceptions that require unavailability?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1)Business Records 2)Dec. Against Int. 3)Ancient Doc. 4)Medical Diagn./Trtmnt. 5)Prior Testimony 6)Excited Utterance 7)Dying Decl. 8)Present Sense Impression 9)Recorded Recollection 10)Public Record 11)Present physical or mental state [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Major Hearsay Exceptions? (11)

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Admission by party opponent 2) Prior statements made by presently testifying witness (who can be crossed) 3) Prior consistent statements (to rehabilitate) 4) Prior identification (line-up) [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Evidence Exclusions that are technically hearsay but excluded?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Verbal acts (gift,control,defamation) 2) Statements that show the effect on the listener 3) Circumstantial evidence of speaker's state of mind 4) Prior inconsistent statements used to impeach or rehabilitate [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Hearsay exclusions that are not hearsay at all?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Court MUST exclude evidence whose probative value is substantially outweighed by unfair prejudice. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What's Nevada law concerning legal relevance (403)?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Liability insurance 2) Subsequent remedial measures 3) Settlement offers - including during negotiations 4) Payments or offers to pay medical expenses [Definition of Relevance]

Output: 4 relevant evidence that is excluded for policy reasons?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Purpose? - to prove character b/c character in issue? -to prove character as circumstantial evidence of a person's conduct on the occasion in question? -to impeach or support credibility? 2) What method is being used? 3)Civil or Criminal case? 4)Does evidence prove a pertinent character trait? [Definition of Relevance]

Output: 4 Questions to ask about character evidence:

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When character itself is in issue (defamation, negligent entrustment). Inadmissible if offered to prove that either party acted in conformity with that trait. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: When is character evidence admissible in a civil case?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Under MIMIC: - Mistake - Intent - Motive - Identity - Common plan or scheme [Definition of Relevance]

Output: When is character evidence admissible in both civil and criminal cases?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) ON cross 2) No extrinsic evidence is allowed (you're stuck with the answer you get) [Definition of Relevance]

Output: When can prior bad acts be used?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ONLY by calling another witness. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: How is reputation for untruthfulness brought in?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: NO. Claims or threatened claims are necessary to preclude settlements or settlement offers. Admissions with SO are not admissible. Admissions with offers to pay medical bills are. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Is a claim necessary to disallow the admission of offers to pay medical expenses?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: It is inapplicable if the confidential communication is made to aid the commission or planning of a crime of fraud. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What is one of the main limits of the Confidential Marital Communication privilege?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: It must relate to medical treatment. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What is the scope of the client-physician privilege?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Must base opinion on facts or data which are of a type reasonably relied upon by experts in the particular field. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What is the requirement for expert testimony's basis for opinion?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) Declarant testifies at trial and is subject to cross concerning the PIS -AND- 2) The prior statement was given under oath at a hearing, trial or deposition. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: When are inconsistent statements considered non-hearsay (and thus admissible for impeachment and substantively)?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: To rehabilitate and counter the effect of impeachment in the preceding question. It may be offered to rebut an express of implied charge of recent fabrication or improper influence or motive. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: When is it permissible to use prior consistent statements?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Make sure that it's not a settlement agreement. Like: "Betty offered to pay for all of Sammy's medical expenses and give him $5,000 if he would AGREE NOT TO SUE HER." [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What to watch out for on offers to pay medical bills questions?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: To impeach and substantively. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: For what purpose(s) can a learned treatise be used on cross examination against an expert witness?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: To impeach and substantively. IF PIS was not under oath, only can be used to impeach. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What may a prior inconsistent statement, made under oath at a prior proceeding, be used for?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Offer to plead guilty is a settlement offer an is inadmissible for policy reasons. An actual guilty plea is a hearsay exception and can be offered to prove any fact essential to the judgment. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What is the difference between the use of an offer to plead guilty and an actual guilty plea?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: It can always be used. It is not hearsay because it gives knowledge to D of danger. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: When can a statement of warning by a 3rd-party be used?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A confidential communication made between spouses while they were married is protected. Either spouse has a privilege to refuse to disclose and prevent the other spouse from disclosing. Divorce will not terminate the privilege. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What communications made between spouses are protected? When does the privilege end?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ON cross when the issue is materiality: 1) the testimony as a whole shows bias, defects in perception or memory, or untrustworthy character, or 2) testimony about an outcome affecting fact as by showing a material inconsistent statement. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Extrinsic evidence cannot be offered to impeach a witness on cross examination on a collateral matter. When can it be used?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: It must be authenticated--it must be identified as being what its proponent claims it is. If the evidence is of a type that is likely to be confused or can be easily tampered with, the proponent of the object must present evidence of chain of custody. There must be shown some adherence to a system of identification and custody. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What is one of the general requirements for admissibility of real evidence?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Yes. Judge has total discretion as long as no partisanship for a particular side is shown. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: May a judge call witnesses upon her own initiative and interrogate any witness who testifies?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Yes. As long as the guilty plea is conclusive in the civil suit that follows and is relevant to increase the likelihood that D was at fault. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Can a guilty plea in a criminal case be considered an admission by a party opponent?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: No. It must occur during the normal course of business where there would be no motive to lie. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: Can a report made by a business in anticipation of litigation be considered a business record?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A person whose spouse is dhe defendant in a a criminal case may not be called as a witness by the prosecution, and a married person may not be compelled to testify against her spouse in any criminal proceeding. In federal court, one spouse may choose to testify against the other in a criminal case, with or without the consent of the party-spouse. Spousal immunity lasts only during the marriage and terminates upon divorce. As long as the marriage exists, the privilege can be asserted even as to matters that occurred prior to the marriage. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What is the spousal immunity privilege?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Either spouse may refuse to disclose and may prevent another from disclosing a confidential communication made between the spouses while they were married. The communication must be made during a marriage, and must be in reliance upon the intimacy of the marriage relationship, which is presumed. This privilege is not afforded to a communication that is made in the know presence of a stranger. Both spouses jointly hold this privilege. [Definition of Relevance]

Output: What is the for confidential marital communications?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -the growth of a worldwide economic, political, and cultural system -responsible for alarge range of problems to include domesctic unemployment and global pollution -although it is not globalization itself but the way in which globalization is being undertaken -increasing globalization is allowing corporations to circumvent domestic regulation [World Economy]

Output: Globalization

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. been going on for centuries 2. gained momentum in the last 30 years and is unlikely to be reversed [World Economy]

Output: 2 Major Facts about Globalization

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -the system of international economic relationships in which all countries participate -complex international network of trade, production and finance -nations are tied together through the world economy [World Economy]

Output: World Economy

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -nonindustrial nations poor nations of the world -agriculture and export of raw materials is generally how they sustain themselves -80% of the world live in poor nations -many less developed countries with industries are owned b y foreigners [World Economy]

Output: Third world, lesser developed countries

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -the growth of a worldwide economic, political, and cultural system -responsible for alarge range of problems to include domesctic unemployment and global pollution -although it is not globalization itself but the way in which globalization is being undertaken [World Economy]

Output: Globalization

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: - an economic in which the government owns and controls all economic insititutions -Inspired by Marx andLenin -keep out capitalist influence -planned economies with little competition -1990's most communist governments were gone -China and Vietnam have made radical shifts towards capitalism -few isolated nations practice communism [World Economy]

Output: Communism

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: - Adam Smith Wealth of Nations -hard to define but three enduring qualitites 1. private property 2. market controls production and distribution f valuable commodities 3. privately owned business compete in teh market for profit [World Economy]

Output: Capitalism

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -Classic principles of capitalism -individuals work harder for personal profit -Private Greed (workings of free market)=> Public good -market regulated only by supply and demand -Compeition = price regulation -"invisible hand" [World Economy]

Output: Adam Smith Weath of Nations

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -restrict compeition and fix prices -size of modern corporations have the ability to artificially control the marketplace [World Economy]

Output: potential conspiracy against people...?

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -corporations artificially control market -Government regulations and restrictions [World Economy]

Output: Two ways in which we do not have pure capitalism...

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -enacted to benefit special interest, public and itself [World Economy]

Output: Government Regulations and Restrictions

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Countries: 1. United States 2. Canada 3. United Kingdom Characteristic: 1. small sate (government influence) 2. little regulation 3. weak unions 4. low labor costs Outcomes 1. Cheap Produciton Costs 2. High Inequlity 3. Low Benefits to workers 4. low unemployemt 5. High Poverty 6. low taxes 7. less job security - weak working class with less power in government [World Economy]

Output: Corporate Capitalism

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Countries: 1. European Nations Characteristics: 1. Large Welfare state 2. state regulation of the economy 3. economic planning 4. strong unions Outcomes: 1. High production costs 2. low inequality 3. high worker benefits 4. high unemployment 5. high poverty 6. high taxes working class and elite have power sharing agreement in alliance with government -organized economy to protect interest of both parties -labor unions and labor laws restrict what corporations can do in the economy [World Economy]

Output: Cooperative Capitalism

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Countries: 1.Japan 2. Developing countries in the East and Southeast Asia Characteristics: 1. Strong state intervention 2. extensive regulation and planning 3. weak unions Outcomes: 1.Medium production costs 2.low ineaquality 3.Medium worker benefits 4. Medium job security 5. low unemployment 6. low poverty 7. low taxes -state has more independent politaical power and conover the economy -government ministries hove power to plan the economy without considering short term and narrow working class or coporate interst -could lead in the wrong direction [World Economy]

Output: State Capitalism

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: - in which government stays relatively uninvolved -almost no government ownership in industry -little economic planning -reflects United States [World Economy]

Output: Neoliberal system or Free Market Economy

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -laws designed to protect free competition in the marketplace [World Economy]

Output: Anti Trust Laws

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: - the control of a market or an entire industry by a single firm [World Economy]

Output: Monoploy

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: - the control of a market place on an entire industry by a few large companies [World Economy]

Output: Oligopoly

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: these laws have never been effectively enforced and likely collusion still continues [World Economy]

Output: Effectiveness of antitrust regulation...

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The biggest blocks of stock in major corporations today are owned either by a small group wealthy individuals or institutional stockholders such as banks, insurance companies, and pension and investment funds - 1% of the wealthiest/powerful Americans control 50% of famly held stock in US corporations -Average stockholder's voice is insignificant due to share -Banks/financial institutions have major share in power because they control loans [World Economy]

Output: Who Runs the Corporations

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -small gorup of people that run U.S. economy -High level corportate manegers are a distinct social class that promote tehir interest [World Economy]

Output: Corporate Class

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chief Executive Officer -419 to 1 agaisnt average worker [World Economy]

Output: CEO

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A corporation that has manfacturing, service, and sales operations in many countries around the world -linking economies of the world will lerad to greater overall prosperity -critics argue it will increase exploitation [World Economy]

Output: Multinational Corporation

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -multinational corporations have expanded into lesser developed countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa -corporate powers have tremendous influence in poor countries and make decisions that effect a poor country's economy with little care of locals -poor nations only recieve short term rewards and end upworse off -however some economies like Thailand and China have greatly improved because of multinationalism [World Economy]

Output: Multinational Forces in Poor Countries

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -laborers of foreign countries are taking over domestic jobs -primary reason why salaries have remained low during econmoic expansion [World Economy]

Output: Outsourcing Jobs

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -deceit or trickery used to gain some unfair economic advantage -not always about money sometimes teh damage health or life of consumer -large political contributions -false claims -stock manipulations -ex. Enron moving out of Californaia [World Economy]

Output: Fraud

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Collusion by several companies to cut competition and st uniformly high prices [World Economy]

Output: Price fixing

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -larger businesss will take a loss to get rid of competiton and then raise the price when the comeption has been eliminated -cut off raw materials [World Economy]

Output: Ways to eliminate competion

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. Provide jobs to millions of Americans 2. regulate private sector [World Economy]

Output: Role of Government

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -regulations and regulatory branches of the government serve special interest of business -revolving door between government and business -regulators are future chairmen [World Economy]

Output: Public Complaints of Governement Regulation

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -The termination of government economic regulations and controls -businesses in the 1980's argued that regulation slowed down economy -ultimately benefited large corporations and damaged the public [World Economy]

Output: Deregulation

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -the amount of money the government spends in excess of the amount it recieves in taxes and other revenues -indirect means to stimulate economy [World Economy]

Output: Budget Deficit

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -an increase of prices -result of overstimulated economy [World Economy]

Output: Inflation

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -inability to find a job when you want one -understimulated economy [World Economy]

Output: Unemployment

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. the agriculture industry has steadily declined over the years 2. Manfacturing is being outsourced and jobs in the production field are being replaced with low paying service jobs 3. Women have made a permanent place for themselves in the workforce [World Economy]

Output: 3 Major Trends in the Workforce

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: part time worker who is seeking full time employment [World Economy]

Output: Underemployment

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: workers who have given up looking for work and are not counted in unemployment figures [World Economy]

Output: Discouraged Workers

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -shuting down small business with price cuts -not offering many benefits; or overvaluing benefits -poor working conditions -seeting the trend in the market -union busters - [World Economy]

Output: How Wal Mart is destroying the working class...

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -A feeling of estrangement from society and social groups. A feeling of the loss of control over one's activitie's, especially one's labor [World Economy]

Output: Alienation

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -workers recieve greater share of profits -allowing workers to participate in managerial decisions [World Economy]

Output: How to fix worker alienation...

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -manual worker -decline in manual workers leadig tothe decline of the union [World Economy]

Output: Blue Collar

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: non manual [World Economy]

Output: White collar

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -The ups and downs that characterize all captialistic economies -Booms and busts [World Economy]

Output: Business Cycle

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -profit increase -wage increase -productivity increase -unemployment decrease -poverty decrease -inflation increase [World Economy]

Output: Business Cycle UP

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -real wages decrease -unemployment increase -poverty increase [World Economy]

Output: Business Cycle DOWN

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the actual value of wages after a correction for inflation [World Economy]

Output: Real Wages

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -unemployment and inflation both stayed low -wages of average workes stagnanted -middle worked to keep up with economy -upper got richer -lower/poorer classes got poorer -Americans spent moe and saved less [World Economy]

Output: Business Cycle of the 1990's

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -due to isolation from battlezones of WWII American industries were undamaged by the toll of war -Became dominant world economic force -1970 Europe and Japan begin regaining financial standing on world stage -US organizatons begin to globalize abandoned domestic interst/concerns for profit motive -high paying jobs begin to be outsourced by foregin worker competition -wage down/ unemployment up/ corporate business up [World Economy]

Output: Minor History of American Economy post WWII

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: American = corporate capitalism = profit motive/ individualistic preception of business seeking highest profits for shareholders Cooperative and State Capitalism that place more imortance on domestic concerns and public welfare -Japans taken aback about the greed of US CEO's -491 to 1 [World Economy]

Output: Developing capitalist systems in Japan and Germany vs American capitalism

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -Coportaions becamoe more politically involved -deregulation -lower personal and corporate taxes -politics against unions -welfare down [World Economy]

Output: How did inequality intensify in economic recovery of 1980's?

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. Drops in profits for corporation intiated a striving for more political involement 2. HIgh tech industries and revolutionary innovation... double benefit more efficiency out of smaller work force 3. Increased consumer spending [World Economy]

Output: Modern factors in have and have not American economy...

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -Have no concern over the damage inflicted on domestic working class -see it as a way to increase business productivity and efficiency [World Economy]

Output: How do corporations view the gloalization?

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -Decrease social welfare programs to limit free riders -limit government regulation to allow a unretricted free market - tax cuts for the well to d -lowering minimum wage -support for the corporation -taxation and regulation strain corporatons and solutions for conomic problems should be individuistic and let sompanies go under if they are weak and allow strong companies to continue profit absorbtion unimpeded by regulation [World Economy]

Output: Conservative Approach to Economy

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: depending on your social class and syle of life you will naturally adovcate public policy utilizing a conservative or liberal approach. It's relaible to say that values of an individual determine their outlook on American social life, however the factors that need to be addressed but are often for hard to describe nonetheles change are the elements of one's precept of reality that distributes importance and meaning to the external world. Social problems should not be simpified as obssesion over the profit motive or the unequal distribution of scarce resources; the the human complex that needs control over a material world. [World Economy]

Output: My belief on public support for differing economic systems...

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -decreases competition -tax breaks for wealthy are not reinvested bolster teh public -safety net of average americans are stripped [World Economy]

Output: Critcisms of Conservative Approach

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -contrast with conservative approach -seek to reunite the public, state and corporations in cooperation -economic social planning -damage to made by government can lead to negative side effects... ex communism and opression of its people [World Economy]

Output: Individualistic Approach

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -the active involvement of governent in directing the economy -Japan and Germany involve multiple elements of economy to idenitfy weakness to improve econmoic enviroment - [World Economy]

Output: Economic Planning

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -it is evident by our spending that the average American does not consider the long term - we need to lower debt and increase investment -only way to get to money is to reduce consumer spending which = reducing standard of living -reduce standard of living -Relentless materialism of our consumer culture is more likely an overall source of suffering than satisfaction -A better education of the complexities of our economic world is mandatory for the improvement in individual empowerment to reform the economy [World Economy]

Output: American Economic Reality

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -reduce federal budget deficiet by encouraging savings -increase tax burden on corporation -reduce productive investment tax rate -increase tax rate on speculative investment -more money spent on education - reconstruct the workplace [World Economy]

Output: What needs to change to have a more long term perspective...?

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -attempt to manufacturing that attempt to use the smallest possible amount of labor -smaller flexible workforce [World Economy]

Output: Lean Production

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -overlapping management --increased worker involvement both in ownership, work conditions and management - increased number of shareholders [World Economy]

Output: Economic Democracy

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A stable socety that does not exceed the carrying capacity of the enviroment -Our modern economic enviroment is structured to reward individuals who seek short term profits and ignore long term harm to society [World Economy]

Output: Sustainable Soiety

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -rapid changes have thrown the traditional economic system out of balance -favor specific limited cures for specific limited problems [World Economy]

Output: The Functionalist Perspective on Economic Problems

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: - beleive that ever since businesspeople and indusrialist seized power from landed nobility, the have enlarged their power and their affluence at teh expense of everyone else -one group seizes power and seeks profit regaurless of the rest of society -exploitation of workers by their employers -decline in power of union = lack of governement support for the everyday man and women -Outsourcing exploits domestic working class and poorer nations [World Economy]

Output: The Conflict Perspective on Economic Problems

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: - women are second class workers and more effort needs to be shown in all of our institutions to empower women to equal an equal status of their male counter parts [World Economy]

Output: The Feminist Perspective on Economic Problems

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -Psyhological aspects of the work enviroment lead to greater depression in workforce -System support creativity but also increases insecurity, fear, and aggression -downward mobile classes tendency to be hostile, withdrawn and have a low self esteem -the fear that reducing competiveness will destroy initiative and creativity => more emphasis isplace on psychological treatment of disorders rather than social and economic conditions that produce them [World Economy]

Output: The Interactionist Perspective on Economic Problems

SOCIAL PROBLEMS :: economy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: stages of operational competitiveness (stages)

Output: stage 1: available for service i.operations are 'reactive' ii. primary mission- no mistakes iii. investments minimized stage 2- journeyman i. happens when competition comes into play ii. investments in tech. seen as cost savings in LR iii. operations are still secondary stage 3: distinctive competencies achieved i. firms mastered core service ii. operations now viewed level with other departments iii. technology changes from cost savings to enhancing customer experience stage 4: work class service delivery i. company's name synonomous for service excellence ii. tech becomes means to accomplish tasks that competitors can't

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: perfect world model

Output: to operate efficiently, a firm must be able to produce as if the mkt absorbed all outputs at a continuous rate and all input is coming in at a particular rate and with specified quality

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: technical core

Output: place within the organization where its primary function takes place.

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: focused factory concept

Output: operation where one part of the factory concentrates on one task i. promotes experience and effectiveness

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: PWP

Output: plant within a plant breaks up operations into sectiosn that buffer technical core

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: why is services a servuction system nightmare

Output: 1. no way to keep inventory 2. directly linked to market (demand varies from min to min) 3. no way to decouple production from the customer 4.planning capacity is impossible

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: solutions to make servuction system compatible with service operations

Output: isolate technical core -adopt different mgment -philosophies for each unit of operation -technical core should be subjected to production-lining approach -high contact areas should sacrifice efficiency if consumer wants it to production-line the whole system: using hard/soft tech to standardize service create flexible capacity increase customer participation move time of demand

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: service blueprints

Output: flowchart of lines visibility i. useful bc it can show problems on paper before they occur

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: process time

Output: activity time/number of locations the activity is performed

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: activity time

Output: the time required to perform one activity at on station (:where an activity is performed)

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: activity based costing

Output: breaks down the organization int oa set of activities that converts inputs (labor, materials) into outputs

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: high fixed cost to variable cost ratio

Output: a way of pricing that is a ratio bt fixed costs and variable costs

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: economies of scale tend to be limited

Output: more produce, cheaper the price. cheaper the price more people buy, the more you need to produce (repeat)

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: demands for service tend to be _______

Output: inelastic

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: cross price elasticity

Output: the effect of a price change of a different service has on your service

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: complementary elasticity

Output: when the price increases on a different service, and the demand of your service decreases

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: substitutes

Output: increase the price of another service, yours demand goes up so if theyre competing and the other services' prices go up, peeps will come to you more


Input: 6 criteria for price discrimination

Output: must have dif groups that have dif responses to price groups must be identifiable and must be able to price differently no resale large enough group to make it worth while costs to do so< revenues obtained when done, it better not confuse current customers

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: signpost items

Output: items that customers buy alot and are familiar with typical price ranges (beer:)

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: reservation price

Output: less certain than signpost items, it is the amount of value the customer puts on the perceieved benefits

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: forward buying

Output: when RETAILERS purchase enough product on sale to carry over until the product is being sold on sale again

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: emerging pricing stategies

Output: satisfied-based pricing relationship pricing efficiency pricing- appeals to economically-minded consumers

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: communication strategy

Output: communicates the firms position strategy to is market, to EVERYONE

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: communication mix

Output: any way to communicate to market (sponsorships to ads, publicity etc)

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: integrated marketing communications

Output: using more than one communication tool, or using more than one repeatedly.

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: 3 stages of product

Output: intro- informational growth and maturity- informational and pursuasion maturity and decline- persuasion and remind

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: 4 ways to differentiate

Output: product, personell, imagery, service

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: media strategies for targetting nonusers

Output: media ads, selling by a sales force and not service provider, and PR

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: media strategy for users

Output: media, PR, sales force, AND through the service provider.

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: 3 types of staff

Output: type 1: efficient., quick, one time only type 2: independent decision making needed, more complex than 1 type 3: more complex, unrepeatable

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: mistargeted communications

Output: when trying to advertise to a specific market and it appeals to others

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: guidelines for developing service communications

Output: promise what is possible develop word of mouth network relationships with customer reduce fears about service variations focus on quality differentiate service product from delivery make service easy to understand

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: 3 broad categories of physical evidence

Output: facility exterior facility interior other tangibles-business cards, employee appearance, uniform etc.

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: importance of packaging the service

Output: its conveys the customer expectations bc the way the packaging is done is physical evidence that gives the customer a quality cue and then leads to image development also reduces risk

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: SOR model consists of three components

Output: set of Stimulous- elements of the physical evidence an Organization- recipients of the stimuli (employees and customers) a set of Responses or outcomes- response to stimuli

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: review figure 9.1

Output: review figure 9.1 the jist of it is that the service-profit chain says that if you increase employee satisfaction, revenues will increase

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: boundary spanning roles

Output: when an employee has two jobs at the same time: deal with the customer (external) which relates to the internal operations they have two main purpose, information transfer (class schedule) and representation (walk-ins)

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: 3 conflicts a boundary spanner can have

Output: personal/role- role is not how you see yourself (gorilla little ceasars) clien/organization- client wants you to do something thats not allowed inter-client conflicts (smokers v nonsmokers)

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: responses to stress by an employee

Output: avoid customer people processing mode (transfers) add physical symbols to increase control overacting role side completely with customer

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: work facilitation

Output: the provision of the basic infrastructure that allows the firm to deliver their service

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: interdepartmental support

Output: the support given by the departments that allow a firm to deliver their service

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: 7 tests that effective rewards systems must pass

Output: availability flexibility reversibility visibility timliness contingent durability

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: 2 types of intrinsic rewards

Output: empowerment- turning front line loose and alllwing them to take initiative enfranchisement- allowing the employee to make his own business by giving them a compensation plan for doing a good job

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: levels of empowerment

Output: suggestive empowerment- when the employees are allowed to make suggestions for the firm to be better at job involvement- gives employees the ability to look at their role and see where they fit into the org high involvement- manage themselves, train peeps, share profits,

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: 7 ways to manage customer performance script

Output: audit your consumer performance expertise increase share of expert consumers increase customer loyalty manage script changes effectively cope with novices manage customer and service mix use service provider strategies on your consumer

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage


Input: remote services

Output: when employees are involved in the process, but the consumers is limited

philiosophical viewpoint where operations move from 'necessary evil' to a a competitive advantage