Input: [2] maxillary artery [1]

Output: The direct continuation of the external carotid artery to the space below the orbit (the pterygopalatine fossa). Its branches supply the orbit, teeth, chin nose, nasal cavity and palate.

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Input: [2] maxillary vein [1]

Output: Maxillary and linguofacial veins join to form the external jugular vein. The external jugular veins and subclavian veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein in carnivores and pigs. The brachiocephalic veins then join to form the cranial vena cava. In horses & ruminants the external jugular veins and subclavian veins join to form the cranial vena cava.

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Input: [2] aorta [1]

Output: The great artery leaving the left ventricle and arching caudally. It sends oxygenated blood from the left heart to the heart itself and to the rest of the body through its systemic branches.

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Input: [2] aortic arch [1]

Output: The continuation of the ascending aorta, it sends branches to the head, neck and thoracic limbs

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Input: [2] descending aorta [1]

Output: the part of the aorta caudal to the aortic arch, divided into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta by the diaphragm.

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Input: [2] ascending aorta [1]

Output: the initial part of the aorta, originating from the left ventricle at the center of the heart's base

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Input: [2] common cartoid artery - right and left [1]

Output: Ascend the neck to supply the head, face and brain. Dogs-arise separately; ungulates (hooved animals) - arise by a short, common bicarotid trunk

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Input: [2] subclavian artery - right and left [1]

Output: supply the neck, thoracic limb and the cranial portion of the thoracic wall. Each has many branches: Vertebral artery, Costocervical trunk, Cuperficial cervical artery, internal thoracic artery.

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Input: [2] coronary artery - right and left [1]

Output: The arteries encircling the base of the heart like a crown. These are the first branches off the aorta. The right coronary artery originates from the right aortic sinus. It courses cranially under the right auricle and then to the right in the coronary groove. In some species it continues as the subsinuousal interventricular branch (horse and pig). The left coronary artery arising from the left aortic sinus, it courses to the left under the left auricle and immediately branches into descending (paraconal) and encircling (circumflex) branches. In some species, the circumflex branch, after reaching the heart's right side, descends as the subsinuosal interventricular branch.

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Input: [2] brachial artery [1]

Output: continuation of the axillary artery on the medial aspect of the arm. It continues as the median artery in the forearm after giving off the common interosseous artery

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Input: [2] ulnar artery [1]

Output: Usually arises from the median artery

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Input: [2] median artery [1]

Output: The continuation of the brachial artery past the common interosseous arterhy. It courses distally with the median nerve on the medial side of the forearm under the flexor carpi radialis muscle. The median artery is the largest artery in the manus in all the domestic species, except the cat (its main supply is the radial artery)

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Input: [2] radial artery [1]

Output: runs cranial to the median artery on the radius

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Input: [2] Carotid Artery (contained in carotid sheath) [1]

Output: a portion of the cervical fascia enclosing the carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, and the vagus nerve.

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Input: [2] Pulmonary artery [1]

Output: two branches of the pulmonary trunk carrying blood to the lungs; one to the right lung, one to the left lung

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Input: [2] axillary arteries [1]

Output: The direct continuation of the subclavian artery past the first rib to supply the thoracic limb. It supplies the structures of the shoulder and continues as the brachial artery in the arm.

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Input: [2] brachiocephalic artery (brachiocephalic truck) [1]

Output: First branch of the arch of the aorta. As its name implies, it extends cranially to supply the right limb, neck and head. The brachiocephalic trunk gives off the left common carotid artery and then terminates in the right common carotid and right subclavian artery.

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Input: [2] cervical vertebral arteries [1]

Output: a branch of the subclavian artery it arises medially to the costocervical trunk. Traveling with the vertebral nerve toward the neck, they enter the transverse canal of the cervical vertebrae. The vertebral artery usually arises before the costocervical trunk.

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Input: [2] celiac artery [1]

Output: The first visceral branch of the abdominal aorta, arising unpaired between the crura of the diaphragm. It terminates as the hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries supplying the cranial part of the GI tract.

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Input: [2] cranial mesenteric artery [1]

Output: The largest visceral branch of the abdominal aorta, arising just caudal to the origin of the celiac artery. It courses caudoventrally in the mesentery to supply most of the intestines.

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Input: [2] renal arteries [1]

Output: originating from the aorta caudal to the cranial mesenteric artery and pass each kidney

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Input: [2] ovarian artery [1]

Output: The convoluted artery supplying the ovary and arising from the abdominal aorta.

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Input: [2] testicular artery [1]

Output: The convoluted artery supplying the testicle and arising from the abdominal aorta.

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Input: [2] Caudal Mesenteric Artery [1]

Output: third and last unpaired branch arises from the caudal aorta and passes in the mesocolon to supply the descending colon and rectum. Smallest unpaired major branch of the abdominal aorta

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Input: [2] Median Sacral Artery [1]

Output: The unpaired terminal branch of the aorta that passes on mid line below the sacrum.

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Input: [2] Uterine Artery [1]

Output: The main blood supply to the uterus. It arises differently in the different species.

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Input: [2] Femoral Artery [1]

Output: the continuation of the external iliac artery through the femoral triangle, passing distally to continue as the popliteal artery caudal to the stifle joint

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Input: [2] Saphenous Artery [1]

Output: arises from the femoral artery in the femoral triangle. It passes subcutaneously with the medial saphenous vein and saphenous nerve on the medial thigh. Past the stifle it divides into cranial and caudal branches in the carnivores and horse

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Input: [2] Popliteal Artery [1]

Output: the continuation of the femoral artery after the caudal femoral artery. Passing btwn the 2 heads of the gastrocnemisus muscle, it branches into cranial and caudal tibial aa.

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Input: [2] Caranial Tibial Artery [1]

Output: passes through the interosseous space and then distally on the cranial surface of the crus with the deep branch of the fibular nerve

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Input: [2] Dorsal Pedal Artery [1]

Output: The direct continuation of the cranial tibial artery over the flexor surface of the tarsus

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Input: [2] Intercostal Arteries [1]

Output: are formed by the anastomoses of ventral intercostal artery of the internal thoracic and musculophrenic aa. and the dorsal intercostal a. of the costocervical trunk and aorta. They pass on the caudal border of the ribs in the intercostal spaces with like named veins and nerves.

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Input: [2] Lumbar Arteries [1]

Output: any artery of the usu. 4 pairs that arise from the back of the aorta opposite the lumbar vertebrae and supply the muscles of the loins

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Input: [2] External iliac arteries [1]

Output: the large terminal branches of the caudal aorta near the caudal mesenteric artery that pass to the pelvic limbs.

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Input: [2] internal iliac arteries [1]

Output: the termination of the aorta passing to supply the viscera of the pelvis and part of the hip and thigh

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Input: [2] External Jugular Vein [1]

Output: The large vein in the neck returning blood from the head to the heart. Empties into the brachiocephalic vein in carnivores and pigs; directly into the cranial vena cava in ruminants and horses

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Input: [2] Azygos Vein [1]

Output: A single vein arising in the abdomen as a branch of the ascending lumbar vein. It passes upward through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm into the thorax, then along the right side of the vertebral column to the level of the 4th thoracic vertebra, where it turns and enters the superior vena cava.

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Input: [2] Thoracic Duct [1]

Output: The major lymphatic vessel draining the entire body, except the right thoracic limb, right cranial thorax, and right side of the neck. It begins at the cisterna chyli, passes through the aortic hiatus cranally on the right side between the azygos vein and the aorta. Passing to the left side of the thorax in the cranial mediastinum, it empties near the thoracic inlet (venous angle) into the jugular vein or the cranial vena cava.

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Input: [2] Vena Cava-cranial & caudal [1]

Output: Great vessle emptying into the cranial or caudal part of the right atrium. Cranial returns blood from the head, neck thoracic limbs and cranial part of the wall of the thoracic cavity. The caudal part returns blood to the heart fromt he abdomen, pelvis and pelvic limbs

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Input: [2] cephalic vein [1]

Output: arises fro the digital veins on the palmar aspect of the paw. It extends proximally around the medial side of the forearm just above the carpus to reach the cranial surface of the limb. Here it is joined by the accessory cephalic vein

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] accessory cephalic vein [1]

Output: arises fromt he digital veins on the dorsal surface of the paw. It extends proximally to join the cephalic vein above the carpus in the carnivores and ox and near the elbow in the horse

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] portal vein [1]

Output: the large vein carrying essentially all the blood from the abdominal viscera to the liver and its internal sinusoids. Hepatic veins located inside the liver, return to the caudal vena cava

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] internal iliac vein [1]

Output: The internal iliac vein (hypogastric vein) begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein.

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Input: [2] external iliac vein [1]

Output: The external iliac veins are large veins that connect the femoral veins to the common iliac veins. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins).

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] femoral vein [1]

Output: a vein that accompanies the femoral artery in the same sheath; a continuation of the popliteal vein; becomes the external iliac vein

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Input: [2] Saphenous Vein-Medial and Lateral-pulse site [1]

Output: The saphenous vein runs from the body down the inside of the rear leg and then crosses to the outside of the leg above the hock Above the hock the vein runs diagonally across the leg, where it is easier to see. It is best to shave this area in the same manner as the cephalic vein.

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Linguofacial artery- pulse site [1]

Output: just caudal to lateral canthus of eye in horse

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Maxillary artery-pulse site [1]

Output: facial just under the neck

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Median Sacral artery-pulse site [1]

Output: in the forearm dorsal side

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Femoral artery-pulse site [1]

Output: inside hind leg

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Input: [2] Brachial artery-pulse site [1]

Output: elbow area

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Input: [2] Femoral vein-venipuncture site [1]

Output: inside hind leg

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] cephalic vein-venipuncture site [1]

Output: in dog most common site forearm area

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] lateral saphenous vein-venipuncture site [1]

Output: outside hind leg - 3rd most common site in dogs- poor choice

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] jugular vein-venipuncture site [1]

Output: 2nd most common choice, neck

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Ductus arteriosus [1]

Output: one of the 3 shunts in the fetal circulation- arterial duct the shunt between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta, diverting most of the blood from the pulmonary trunk (pulmonic circulation) to the aorta (systemic circulation)

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) [1]

Output: the arterial duct doesn't close after birth. This should be corrected early through a left intercostal incision throught the 4th intercostal space. The ductus is carefully isolated and ligated.

Veterinary Anatomy Circulatory System-VTDLP Purdue Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Ductus venosus [1]

Output: one of the 3 shunts in the fetal circulation-the fetal shunt from the unbilical vein directly through the liver to the caudal vena cava, bypassing the liver sinusoids.

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Input: To inform family to risk to other family members

Output: Why would genetic counseling be necessary?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Output: Single-gene genetic treatment is completely effective in ___ of patients.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: If the basic biochemical defect is known

Output: What makes treatment of genetic disease more successful?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: absence of long-term side effects

Output: With regards to long-term treatment assessment, it is imporatant to remember that the absence of short-term side effects doesn't mean___

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: a high degree of diagnostic precision (must know locus and class of allele)

Output: Optimal treatment of genetic diseases require ___

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: create the same disorder

Output: Many problems may _____ but require different treatments.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: Therapy directed at clinical phenotype (may be medical or surgical)

Output: This level of treatment is often the only therapy available and may the only treatment needed.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: dietary restriction replacement diversion inhibition depletion

Output: What are the 5 steps to approach treatment of metabolic abnormalities?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: highly effective but lifelong and difficult committment.

Output: Dietary restriction is ____

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: 1. amino acid catabolic pathways 2. severe restriction of dietary protein

Output: Most treatable genetic diseases involve ____ and are treated with ___

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: give the patient the item missing due to genetic disease.

Output: What does the replacement stage of treatment of metabolic abnormaltiy involve

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: diversion

Output: this stage of treatment of metabolic abnormalities uses enhancement of alternative metabolic pathways to reduce concentration of a harmful metabolite.


Input: using pharmacological inhibition of enzymes to modify inborn metabolic errors.

Output: What is inhibition with regards to treatment of metabolic abnormalities?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: inhibit hepatic cholesterol synthesis while diverting cholesterol

Output: The best treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: Depletion (tx metabolic abnormalities).

Output: The direct removal of accumulated harmful products from the body is ____

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: draw blood to eliminate iron in patients with hemochromatosis (or polycythemia)

Output: What is an example of depletion when treating metabolic abnormalities?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: 1. treatment at the level of the protein 2. modulation of gene expression 3. modification of somatic genome by transplantation 4. gene therapy

Output: What are the 4 basic true "genetic treatments" -

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: treatment at the level of the protein

Output: Functional incease to fixing structural abnormalities of affected proteins is an example of ____

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: disorders where functional proteins are not being synthesized

Output: What is the only instance that treatment at the level of the protein can't really work with?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: mutant protein function with small molecule therapy

Output: Treatment at the level of the protein involves enhancement of ___

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: extra cofactors help impaired enzyme, may help fold proteins properly, allow translation to overcome early stop codons.

Output: What does enhancement of mutant protein function with small molecule therapy include?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: 1. routine therapy for a few diseases 2. involves proteins whose main site of action is plasma or extracellular fluid 3. Example: infusion of factor VIII to enrich plasma and help hemophiliacs

Output: Protein augmentation treats at the level of the protein and involves:

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: extracellular augmentation

Output: Enzyme replacement in the form of _____treats at teh level of the protein by replacing intracellular enzyme with extracellular version.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: Adenosine deaminase - purines replace and begin filling up in extracellular spaces so give this extracellular protein and block the growth of it.

Output: An example of extracellular augmentation is?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: 2 lysosomal storage diseases -1 lipid buildup - 1 glycolipid buildup

Output: Intracellular augmentaiton is used to treat ___-

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: insufficient amounts of infused enzyme can cross blood brain barrier to treat brain forms of the disease , also very expensive

Output: What are the limitations to intracellular augmentation?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: increased gene expression

Output: ___ is used to manage hereditary angioedema

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: some therapeutic effects by boosting transcription of normal or mutant loci containing some function. (use drugs to alter gene expression)

Output: What does increased gene expression involve (modulation of gene expression)

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: increased gene expression from uneafected locus. (modualtion of gene expression)

Output: With ___ normal gene compensates for effect of mutation at another locus.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: increased gene expression from unaffected locus

Output: ___ could be used in sickle cell or B-thalassemia for cure.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: RNA Interference

Output: _____ reduces the expression of a dominant mutant gene product without altering normal allele production.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: gene therapy

Output: Modification of somatic genome by transplantation is a type of ___

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: Modification by transplantation

Output: In ___, transplanted cells retain genotype of donor and lead to modifcation of somatic genome.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: Transplant cells or organs to introduce with copies of a gene into patient with mutations Used to compensate for organ damaged by genetic disease.

Output: What are indications for use of genome transplantation?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: - stem cells can proliferate to form many differentiated cell types. - very controversial - could be used to replace cells missing or damaged by disease

Output: Describe stem-cell transplantation.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: nuclear transplantation

Output: during ____ - diploid nucleus is transferred from donor into oocyte.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: creating cloned embryo (therapeutic cloning), to treat monogenic and some complex disorders

Output: Nuclear transplantation involves ___

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: human stem cells.

Output: Somatic genome by transplantation may be controversial because of its use of ____

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: Hematopoetic stem cells

Output: ___ reconstitute blood system after bone marrow transplant.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: corneal stem cells.

Output: ____ regenerate corneal epithelium

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: some metabolic liver diseases (>24 disorders; 70-85% 5 year survival

Output: Liver transplantation is useful for treatment of ____

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: mortality after transplantation is significant, morbidity is substantial Finite supply of organs

Output: What significant problems in the future are faced by genome transplantation?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: use of recombinant DNA technology to treat genetic disease. introduction of genes into cell and achieval of therapeutic effect.

Output: What does gene therapy involve?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: 1. identify molecular defecit 2. must isolate functional copy of gene 3. must know the pathophysiology mechanism 4. favorable risk-benefit ratio 5. strong evidence of efficiency and saftey

Output: What are the 8 requirements of gene therapy for inherited disorder.

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: environmentally induced congenital disorders.

Output: Adverse condiitons during intrauterine development can result in

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: study of developmental anomalies

Output: What is teratology?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: Teratogens

Output: Agents that cause congenital malformations such as radiation, chemicals, viral infections, etc.


Input: amount of exposure, stage of fetus at time of exposre.

Output: Susceptibility of environmentally induced factors depends on :

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: 1- embryonic 2. fetal

Output: what are the two stages of fetal vulnerability?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: early embryonic exposure (demage to cells damages cells, leaving the fetus vulterable.

Output: What causes fetal vulnerability?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: cell proliferation, migration differentiation,

Output: Teratogenic agents interfere with what?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: viral

Output: Infectious agents are mostly ___


Input: Ruella

Output: What is the best known infectious teratogenic agent?


Input: cataracts, deafness, heart defects

Output: What symptoms does rubella cause?

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: List of alll the infective disorders

Output: What is the TORCH complex of infective disorders

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: Mutagenic, teratogenic

Output: Radiation is both ___ and ___

Genetics- treatment of genetic disease Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the objective of treatment of genetic disease?


Input: [Define assignment:] Define bilateral contract:

Output: a contract by which all parties to the instrument are legally bound to act as prescribed

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define breach of contract:

Output: violation of any terms or conditions in a contract without legal excuse

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define commingling:

Output: the illegal act by a real estate broker of placing client or customer funds with personal funds

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define consideration:

Output: that received by the grantor in exchange for his/her deed

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define contingencies:

Output: a provision in a contract that requires a certain act to be done or a certain event to occur before the contract becomes binding

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define contract:

Output: a legally enforceable promise or set of promises that must be performed and for which, if breach of the promise occurs, the law provides a remedy

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define conversion:

Output: the wrongful appropriation of property belonging to another; also, the process of changing a property's status from rental to condominum

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define counteroffer:

Output: a new offer made in response to an offer received

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define earnest money:

Output: money deposited by a buyer under the terms of a contract, to be for feited if the buyer defaults but applied to the purchase price if the sale is closed

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define equitable title:

Output: the interest held by a vendee under a contract for deed or installment contract

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define executed contract:

Output: a contract in which all parties have fulfilled thier promises and thus performed the contract

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define executory contract:

Output: a contract under which some thing remains to be done by one or more of the parties

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define express contract:

Output: an oral or written contract in which the parties state the contract's terms and express their intentions in words

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define implied contract:

Output: a contract under which the agreement of the parties is demonstrated by their acts and conduct

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define installment contract:

Output: a transaction in which the sales price is paid in two or more installments over two or more years

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define land contract:

Output: installment contract

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define liquidated damages:

Output: an amount predetermined by the parties to a contract as the total compensation to an injured party should the other party breach the contract

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define novation:

Output: substituting a new obligation for an old one or substituting new parties to an existing obligation

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define offer and acceptance:

Output: two essential components of a valid contract; a "meeting of the minds"

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define option:

Output: an agreement to keep open for a set period an offer to sell or purchase property

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define statue of frauds:

Output: that part of the state lw that requires that certain instruments be in writing to be legally enforcable

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define time is of the essence:

Output: a phrase in a contract that requires the performance of a certain act within a stated period of time

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define unenforceable contract:

Output: a contract that has all the elements of a valid contract, yet neither party can sue the other to force performance of it

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define unilateral contract:

Output: a contract by which only one party is bound to act

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define valid:

Output: has all legal elements; fully enforceable

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define void:

Output: lacks one or all legal elements

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Define voidable:

Output: has all leagal elements; may be rescinded or disaffirmed

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Illinois Statue of Frauds requires which 2 contracts to be in writing?

Output: 1)for the sale of properties 2)leases that can not be completed in one year

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] Name 5 essential elements of valid contract:

Output: 1)offer and acceptance 2)consideration 3)leagally competent parties 4)consent 5)legal purpose

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] The validity of contracts can be described as:(4)

Output: 1)valid 2)void 3)voidable 4)unenforceable

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] What is the required name on a sales contract?

Output: REAL ESTATE SALES CONTRACT in bold

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: [Define assignment:] What is the significance of Quinlan & Tyson?

Output: agents can only fill in the blanks and draw lines through sentences that don't apply agents can only add preprinted addendums

IL Real Estate Ch#11 Flashcards - Cram.com

the transfer in writing of interest in a bond, mortgage, lease, or other instrument


Input: "The susceptibility of a balance or transaction class to error that could be material, when aggregated with other errors, assuming no related internal controls. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: INHERENT RISK

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A measure of how willing the auditor is to accept that the financial statements may be materially misstated after the audit is completed and an unqualified audit opinion has been issued. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: ACCEPTABLE AUDIT RISK

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The process of assigning to each balance sheet account the misstatement amount to be considered material for that account based on the auditor's preliminary judgment. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: ALLOCATION OF THE PRELIMINARY JUDGMENT ABOUT MATERIALITY

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A complement to acceptable audit risk; an acceptable audit risk of 2% is the same as audit assurance of 98%; also called overall assurance and level of assurance. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: AUDIT ASSURANCE

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A formal model reflecting the relationships between acceptable audit risk (AAR), inherent risk (IR), control risk (CR), and planned detection risk (PDR); PDR = AAR / (IR x CR) [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: AUDIT RISK MODEL

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A measure of the auditor's assessment of the likelihood that misstatements exceeding a tolerable amount in a segment will not be prevented or detected by the client's internal controls. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: CONTROL RISK

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ESTIMATE OF LIKELY MISSTATEMENT IN A POPULATION BASED ON A SAMPLE, EXCLUDING SAMPLING RISK, and calculated as net misstatements in the sample, divided by the total sampled, multiplied by the total recorded population value. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: DIRECT PROJECTION ESTIMATE OF MISSTATEMENT

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The risk that the auditor or audit firm will suffer harm because of a client relationship, even though the audit report rendered for the client was correct. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: ENGAGEMENT RISK

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A measure of the auditor's assessment of the likelihood that there are material misstatements in a segment before considering the effectiveness of internal control. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: INHERENT RISK

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Specific misstatements in a class of transactions or account balance identified during the audit. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: KNOWN MISSTATEMENTS

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Misstatements that arise from either differences between management's and the auditor's judgment about estimates of account balances or from projections of misstatements based on the auditor's test of a sample from a population. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: LIKELY MISSTATEMENTS

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The magnitude of an omission or misstatement of accounting information that, in the light of surrounding circumstances, makes it probable that the judgment of a reasonable person relying on the information would have been changed or influenced by the omission or misstatement. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: MATERIALITY

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A measure of the risk that audit evidence for a segment will fail to detect misstatements exceeding a tolerable amount, should suck a misstatements exist; PDR = AAR / (IR x IC) [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: PLANNED DETECTION RISK

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The maximum amount by which the auditor believes that the statements could be misstated and still not affect the decisions of reasonable users; used in audit planning. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: PRELIMINARY JUDGMENT ABOUT MATERIALITY

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A change in the auditor's preliminary judgment made when the auditor determines that the preliminary judgment was too large or too small. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: REVISED JUDGMENT ABOUT MATERIALITY

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The acceptance by auditors that there is some level of uncertainty in performing the audit function. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: RISK

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The combination of inherent risk and control risk (IR x CR). [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: RISK OF MATERIAL MISSTATEMENT

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Results because the auditor has sampled only a portion of the population. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: SAMPLING ERROR

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The materiality allocated to any given account balance; used in audit planning. [BUSINESS RISK]

Output: TOLERABLE MISSTATEMENT

BUS434 - Audit Chapter 9 - Materiality and Risk Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The audible rumbling sounds of gas moving through the intestinal tract. This is the plural form. The singular form is blank [anorexia]

Output: borborygmi borborygmus .

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A shivering or a shaking. [anorexia]

Output: chills

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Shivering or trembling, usually accompanied by fever; also called chills [anorexia]

Output: rigor

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: This term could be classified as either a symptom or a disease. Patients can subjectively relate that they are experiencing the discomfort of constipation, and it can also be the diagnosis. [anorexia]

Output: constipation

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Constipation that continues for a prolonged period of time. [anorexia]

Output: obstipation

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: This is a subjective feeling of difficulty swallowing. It occurs when there is impaired progression of the food bolus from the pharynx to the stomach. [anorexia]

Output: dysphagia

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An elevation in temperature above normal. This is also called pyrexia. If a patient has a fever, physicians will usually refer to that patient as being febrile. [anorexia]

Output: fever

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Not having a fever. [anorexia]

Output: afebrile

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Gas produced by bacterial action on waste matter in the intestines. Composed primarily of hydrogen sulfide and methane [anorexia]

Output: flatus

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The feeling of excessive gas in the colon. [anorexia]

Output: bloating

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Expressing of excessive gas through the mouth. [anorexia]

Output: belching

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Expressing of excessive gas through the anus. [anorexia]

Output: flatulence

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A retrosternal sensation of burning felt in waves and arising upward toward the neck. [anorexia]

Output: heartburn

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Vomiting of blood. [anorexia]

Output: hematemesis

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The passage of bloody stools [anorexia]

Output: hematochezia

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Melan(o)- is a combining form that means black. The term melena refers both to the passage of dark and pithy stools stained with blood pigment, and black vomit. Although the combining form is spelled with an A, it is important to note that the term melena or melenic stools is spelled with an E. [anorexia]

Output: melena

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An unpleasant sensation in the epigastric and abdominal area, which often results in vomiting. [anorexia]

Output: nausea

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pain during swallowing. [anorexia]

Output: odynophagia

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Paleness or the absence of skin color. [anorexia]

Output: pallor

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Flow in the opposite direction than is normal. [anorexia]

Output: regurgitation

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Straining, especially ineffective and painful straining during a bowel movement or urination. [anorexia]

Output: tenesmus

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Also called emesis. The forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. (Try not to think about it.) [anorexia]

Output: vomiting

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lacking physical strength. [anorexia]

Output: weakness

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: This is self-explanatory: losing pounds [anorexia]

Output: weight loss

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: This is a mental condition characterized by an individual's refusal to eat enough to maintain a minimal body weight, usually fueled by an intense fear of becoming obese. [anorexia]

Output: anorexia nervosa

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: This is an impairment of normal esophageal peristalsis. (You may remember that peristalsis is the movement of the muscles in the alimentary canal to propel the food bolus.) It also affects the ability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax. The most common symptoms are dysphagia, regurgitation, nocturnal cough, and chest pain. [anorexia]

Output: achalasia

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. (The term appendix is actually a general term which means a supplementary, accessory, or dependent part of a main structure.) This is the first, but many individual structures which are found in the body (GI system and elsewhere) can be individually affected by infection which causes inflammation. You will notice that the suffix -itis appears in several disease processes. [anorexia]

Output: appendicitis

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The vermiform appendix specifically identifies the diverticulum of the cecum. However, healthcare professionals commonly drop the term vermiform when referring to this particular appendix [anorexia]

Output: vermiform

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ. [anorexia]

Output: atresia

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tightly packed, partially digested agglomerations of hair or vegetable matter. Seeds, bubble gum, medication, and other materials can mimic true bezoars. [anorexia]

Output: bezoar

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A type of food poisoning caused by the production of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum in improperly canned foods. It is characterized by vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty seeing, dryness of the mouth and pharynx, dyspepsia, cough; it often results in death. [anorexia]

Output: botulism

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: This is another term for cleft lip or harelip. It is a congenital abnormality. [anorexia]

Output: cheiloschisis

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of the gallbladder. There are different types of cholecystitis, the most common being chronic and acute. An acute infection generally indicates severe infection and often necessitates a cholecystectomy, which is removal of the gallbladder. This is an extremely common procedure. [anorexia]

Output: cholecystitis

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The presence or formation of gallstones. [anorexia]

Output: cholelithiasis

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: While giving your client a general massage, his stomach grumbles. What has occurred

Output: There is a stimulation to the parasympathetic divisionof the ANS because of the reflex reaction of the skin contact

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: The reason massage is good for infantile paralysis (polio) is because it

Output: Increases the electroexcitablity of the muscles

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Muscular weakness in fever is due to

Output: The consumption of glycongen

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: A client ask you why you are doing joint movements of his ankle. You explain that joint movements

Output: Increase circulation becasue blood and lymph vessels are largest at joints

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: The benefits of massage on respiration take place not only in the lungs, but also at the ______ level

Output: Cellular level

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: One reason that the diaphragm is known as a lymph pump is beacuse

Output: The central tendon of the diaphragm contains a large number of lymph channels

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Stroking is used to

Output: soothe and calm the nervous system

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: _____ of the extremities is the most powerful of all means of aiding lymphatic and venous circulation for the treatment of edema

Output: Centripetal friction

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Passive touch would not be most helpful procedure for

Output: Edema of the extremities

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: A client comes into your office with pleurisy. What would be your approach

Output: You would use a percussion procedure

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Deep kneading is most useful for

Output: Bringing circulation Pliability to muscles

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: The treatment of choice for facial neuralgia would be

Output: Vibration Nerve compression

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Pain along the entire nerve path describes

Output: Neuralgia

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Writer's cramp would likely affect this muscle

Output: Flexor digitorum superficialis

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: A pregnant client presents at your office with swollen ankels and on other symptoms. You apply

Output: Centripetal friction to lower extremities

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Derivative massage could include

Output: Fulling Friction Deep kneading

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Multiple sclerosis is an example of

Output: Chronic condition

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: This term also describes muscular rhemuatism

Output: Fibromyalgia

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Indications that rheumatoid arthritis is in the active stage of inflammation would be

Output: the joints are red hot and swollen

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: A client says that her dentist has said, " You may have TMJ disorder, but why dont you try massage therapy first? As a massage therapist , how would you proceed?

Output: Insist on a written referral from the dentist that it's OK to do the massage without knowing the cause of pain

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: A client who is on your table beings to have intense muscle spasm. Your choice of action are

Output: Hot compresses over the muscle affected

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: What would be illegal for a massage therapist

Output: You take a client's blood pressue and state, "you have really high blood pressue"

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: The most common cuse of headache is

Output: Muscle tension

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Pleurisy is

Output: Inflammation of the pleural membrane ( the 2 membranes that enclose and protect each lung

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: A massage treatment suitable for pleurisy is

Output: Hacking or cupping in the direction of the axilla or lymphatics

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Unexplained edema can be caused by

Output: Congestive heart failure Renal failure Local inflammation

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Your client presens with pitting edema of their lower legs. Your massage choices would be

Output: Passive touch to head and shoulder and refer to Dr. for evaluation

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Infectious, communicable disease that most often affects lungs. Casued by a bacteria that can remain dormant in healty individuals. If immune system is impaired, bacteria becomes active, Incidence of this disease has risen draatically largely due to HIV virus damaging immune systmes. This disease is

Output: Tuberculosis

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Parkinson's disease diminishes the amount of the neurotransmitter,______

Output: Dopamine

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Massage is indicated for parkinson's diseae becasue it relieves muscle soreness caused by the tremors and becasue massage ______ the level of neurotransmitter dopammine

Output: Increases

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Another name for ankle joint is

Output: Talocrural

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Another name for the wrist joint is

Output: Radiocarpal

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Another name for the shoulder joint is

Output: Glenohumeral

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Another name for the joint between the talus and calcaneus is

Output: Intertarsal

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: The joint responsible for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot is

Output: Talocrural

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: The joint responsible for inversion and eversion of the foot is

Output: Intertarsal

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: What is the most direct way to mechanically address the carpal tunnel

Output: Digitla kneading of the palm and wrist

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Sedative effects are acheived by

Output: Derivative massage Gentle stroking

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Which procedures of massage would have a profound affect on heat production

Output: Stong percussion Deep kneading

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: A client comes in with dry, cold skin. Which procedure would be most helpful

Output: Fricion

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: A broken leg is an example of an

Output: Acute condition

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Posion Ivy is a

Output: Local disorder

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: For a fever of 99.8, this procedures would be beneficial

Output: Ligth centripetal friction Light cetrifugal friction Gentle stroking

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: The therapist applies passive touch to the abdomen, at and just below the umbilicus. This is a simple procedure for determining

Output: Aortic Anerurysm

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: Aseptic techniques are techniques which

Output: Kill or disable pathogens on surfaces to prevent transmission

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: The cleaning solution recommended by the CDC for cleaning up body fluid spills is

Output: 10% bleach solution

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: The three aseptic techniques are

Output: Sterilization Sanitation Disinfection

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: A massage therapist should rinse hands under hot, running water, with fingers

Output: The directions doesn't matter

Restoration of misplaced viscera Movement of blood and lymph in venous and lymph channels


Input: [1] Applet [2]

Output: non-platform-specific application called from a Web page.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] DHTML [2]

Output: Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language: A group of technologies combined to create greater interactivity and page layout flexibility using JavaScript, Cascading style sheets, and the Documents Object Model (DOM)

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] DOM [2]

Output: DOM-Document object model: A platform-neutral application programming interface (API) that describes the underlying framework of a document so that Web developers can access and manipulate objects in a standard way.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] XML [2]

Output: is a markup language that describes the structure and content of a document and allows you to define your own markup tags.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Java [2]

Output: Programming languages that are used to create compact applications that users can access from a Web browser.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] JavaScript [2]

Output: Netscape scripting language used to create animation and interactivity on the Web.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Markup Language [2]

Output: Code used to specify how the content of a Web page will look.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Microbrowser [2]

Output: Interprets WML and renders the information on a small display such as those found on mobile phones and small terminals.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Object Linking and Embedding [2]

Output: Term that describes a capability of software to import objects or maintain a path to an object or file.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] PHP (hypertext preprocessor) [2]

Output: A server-side scripting language for creating dynamic Web pages; it is open source and cross-platform.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Quicktime VR [2]

Output: Virtual reality software that allows developers to create entire 3-D interactive environments for the Web that include 3-D objects and full panoramic views of objects and locations

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Scripting Language [2]

Output: Used to write codes for the client or server side that is interpreted by a Web browser.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) [2]

Output: is a simple, platform-neutral markup language that lets Web designers and developers at all skill levels schedule audio, video, text, and graphic files across a timeline without have to master development tools or complex programming languages.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] VBScript [2]

Output: A scripting version of Microsoft Visual Basic; the primary scripting language used for Active Server Pages.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Web server [2]

Output: the computer on which the files for Web pages are stored.

Flash cards for assignment 10: markup, scripting and programming for the Web Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Name the subcortical descending tract stimulating extensor (antigravity) muscles?

Output: Reticulospinal Tract

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What nucleus receives all pain afferents from the face?

Output: Trigeminal nucleus

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What nucleus projects climbing fibres to the cerebellum?

Output: Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the main site of neurons which degenerate in Huntingdon's Chorea?

Output: Striatum

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Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the location of neurons secreting corticotropin-releasing hormone?

Output: Paraventricular Nucleus

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Name the site at which peptides directly affecting the pituitary are released?

Output: Median Eminence

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What condition can be caused by lesions to the subthalamic nucleus?

Output: Ballism

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is Chlorpromazine used to treat?

Output: Schizophrenia

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the mode of action of many antipsychotics?

Output: Dopamine antagonists

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: How do anxiolytics such as Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates work?

Output: Increase GABA action

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What would you use Haloperidol to treat?

Output: Schizophrenia

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: The cerebellum has motor effects on which side of the body?

Output: Ipsilateral

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Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What would be the effects of a blockage of the anterior spinal artery branches to the medial medulla?

Output: Medial Medullary Syndrome Alternating Hemiplegia - with deviation of tongue to ipsilateral side, contralteral weakness and loss of touch and proprioception. Pain sensation maintained

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What would be the effect of a blockage of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery to the lateral medulla?

Output: Lateral Medullary Syndrome Characterised by sensory deficits affecting the trunk and contralateral extremities and sensory defects (loss of pain and temperature) affecting th ipsilateral face and cranial nerves.

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Describe the glycine receptor?

Output: Ionotropic, Chloride Channel, Inhibitory

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the primary role of the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus?

Output: Somatosensory Relay

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the primary role of the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus?

Output: Receives input from the basal ganglia and cerebellum, functions in coordination and planning of movement.

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the primary role of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus?

Output: Alertness, involved in learning and memory

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: In photoreceptor conduction what is the name of the G protein which activates the phosphodiesterase?

Output: Transducin

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: In photoreceptor transduction what ac tivates the G protein Transducin?

Output: Photoexcited rhodopsin

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Name a glial cell found in the retina?

Output: Muller Cell (Astroglia Microglia)

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the role of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?

Output: Parasympathetic cranial nerve nucleus suppl

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: True or false: Diazepam is used to treat acute status epilepsy?

Output: True

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: True or false: Drugs which reduce 5-HT action are a main treatment for depression?

Output: False

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: True or false: Drugs which potentiate GABA action are used as anxiolytics?

Output: True

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: True or false: Dopamine Agonists are anti-psychotic?

Output: False

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: True or false: Dopamine agonists help control the brady kinesia in Parkinsonism

Output: True

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: How does the internal carotid artery enter the cranial cavity?

Output: Through the carotid canal.

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: How does the vertebral artery enter the cranial cavity?

Output: Through the foramen magnum.

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: How does CSF leave the ventricular system?

Output: By entering the dural venous sinuses in the arachnoid granulations (small protrusions of the arachnoid through the dura mater)

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Describe the GABA receptor?

Output: Two classes: GABA-A ionotropic, in which receptor is part of ligand gated ion complex. GABA-B - metabotropic ie G Protein coupled

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the effect of the transmitter in the projection from the subthalamic nucleus to the globus pallidus internal segment?

Output: Excitatory

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Are ascending fibres in the gracile and cuneate fasciculus ipsilateral or contralateral?

Output: Ipsilateral

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Where do first order fibres of the gracile fasciculus synapse?

Output: Gracile Nucleus in Medulla Oblongata of Brainstem

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What tract is formed from the second order fibres of the gracile and cuneate fasciculus?

Output: Medial Lemniscus

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Where in the spinal cord are enkephalin neurons which modulate sensory transmission?

Output: Dorsal Horn

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What tract carries touch/position information from the face?

Output: Trigeminal Lemniscus

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What tract carries pain/temperature information from the face?

Output: Trigeminal Tract

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the site of synaptic relay of sensory information from the face?

Output: Trigeminal Nucleus - then ventroposterio medial nucleus of thalamus

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the gland lying beneath the optic chiasm?

Output: Pituitary Gland

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What nerve contains the stapedius muscle?

Output: Facial Nerve

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What would be the effect of a long-standing lesion in the internal capsule on the strength of the stretch reflex?

Output: Increase

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the principle relay site from cerebral cortex to cerebellar cortex?

Output: Pontine Nucleus of the Pons

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What brainstem nucleus contains maps of body and visual space?

Output: Superior Colliculus

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What are neuroleptics used to treat?

Output: Psychosis/Schizophrenia

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: True or False: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are antiepileptic?

Output: False

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What effect does light hitting a photoreceptor have on glutamate release?

Output: It reduces it.

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: How does an on-centre bipolar respond to light hitting its photoreceptor?

Output: Reduced glutamate causes depolarisation via metabotropic receptor.

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: How does an off-centre bipolar cell respond to light hitting its photoreceptor?

Output: Reduced glutamate causes hyperpolarisation via ionotropic receptor.

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What function is associated with the anterior hypothalamic nucleus?

Output: Thermoregulation (also plays a role in sleep)

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Which brainstem nucleus transmits dental pain?

Output: Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Name the nucleus receiving fibres from the interposed and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum?

Output: Red Nucleus

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Are benzodiazepines addictive?

Output: Yes

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: Where would you find the cell bodies of neurons projecting nociceptive information to the thalamus?

Output: Dorsal Root Ganglion

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What spinal tract is involved in the perception of vibration?

Output: Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Tract

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the cranial nerve causing papillary constriction?

Output: Oculomotor

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the cranial nerve supplying the carotid sinus and body?

Output: Glossopharyngeal

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What ion passes through the GABA-A ion channel?

Output: Chloride Cl-

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the main component of scars after brain damage?

Output: Reactive Astrocytes (+Microglia)

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What effect does dopamine have on the indirect pathway? Through which receptors?

Output: Inhibitory - D2

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What effect does dopamine have on the direct pathway? Through which receptors?

Output: Excitatory D1

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: What is the nucleus projecting climbing fibres to the cerebellum?

Output: Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)


Input: monkeys, prosimians, monkeys, apes, and their ancestors [Primatology]

Output: Primate groups

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Because non-human primates are our closest living "kin"- common ancestry deep in evolutionary past [Primatology]

Output: Why study primates?

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: made living in trees possible and tactical [Primatology]

Output: arboreal adaptation

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: knowledge of habitats and needs, and on human resource decisions [Primatology]

Output: primate conservation depends on...

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. vertical posture 2. grasping: tactile perception 3. sight over smell (stereoscopic vision); good depth perception 4. longevity and high parental investment 5. brain complexity [Primatology]

Output: Primates defined by evolutionary trends:

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. short snouts and generalized dentition which means they can process a variety of foods: incisors, molars, canines, premolars, molars 2. forward facing eyes with good depth perception; tend to have colored vision 3. structure of the shoulder and clavicle that have flexibility and range of motion which allows them to do brachiation (hand over hand) 4. Structure of hands, feet, and toes (grasping hands and feet with dexterous fingers); fingernails rather than claws [Primatology]

Output: Primates defined by anatomical trends:

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. social life in groups [Primatology]

Output: Primates defined by behavioral trends:

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. Prosimians: lemurs, tarsiers, bush babies, lorises 2. Anthropoids: monkeys, apes, humans [Primatology]

Output: Primate sub-divisions

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -most primitive characteristics of all primates -often but not always nocturnal; tapeturn: layer of tissue in the eye that reflects light and makes night vision better -variety of diets (insectivory and frugivory) and environments -locomotion: vertical clingers and leapers [Primatology]

Output: Prosimians

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -found in Madagascar ex: ring-tail lemur, mouse lemur, aye aye, sifaka -very social [Primatology]

Output: Lemurs

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: nocturnal -prosimians [Primatology]

Output: Tarsiers

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: primarily nocturnal -prosimians [Primatology]

Output: bush babies

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Platyrrhines: flat nosed, new world, reproductive isolation, prehensile (grasping) tail Catarrhines: sharp nosed, old world, ischial callosities (bare of hair spots on butts), non-prehensile tail [Primatology]

Output: Monkeys

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -arboreal quadrupeds -spider monkey, squirrel monkey, capuchin monkey, tamarin, howler monkey, marmoset [Primatology]

Output: New World Monkeys

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -Baboon-sexual dimorphism (marked differences between male and female biology; height, weight, coloring) -drill, mandrill: most colorful monkey -macaque: show monkey, a lot smaller -langurs: arboreal and terrestrial -proboscis: named after their big nose [Primatology]

Output: Old World Monkeys

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -Old World -Great Apes: larger, mostly terrestrial (orangutans, chimpanzees, gorillas) -Lesser Apes: smaller, arboreal, loud call systems (gibbons, siamangs) [Primatology]

Output: Apes

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. larger body 2. longer life span 3. longer juvenile period 4. longer birth spacing 5. upright posture 6. no tails [Primatology]

Output: How apes and humans differ from monkeys and prosimians

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -"Great" Ape -endangered -large males -least studied of the great apes -found in Indonesia [Primatology]

Output: Orangutans

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -"Great" Ape -sleep in trees but are terrestrial -vegetarian -live in groups lead by a silver back [Primatology]

Output: Gorillas

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -"Great" Ape Common Chimp -knuckle walk, sleep in trees, smaller than gorillas, eat much more fruit than any other food, sexual dimorphism Baboons -sexual dimorphism, more slender, found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, endangered, females dominate the group, use sex to diffuse the tension (even when fighting) [Primatology]

Output: Chimpanzee

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom [Primatology]

Output: zoology

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: arranging things into categories [Primatology]

Output: taxonomy

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: relationship on the basis of common ancestry -morphology (form) -genetics [Primatology]

Output: phylogeny

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Kingdom: animalia phylum: chordata class: mamalia order: primates Family: hominidae Genus: homo species: sapiens (produce offspring) subspecies: sapiens [Primatology]

Output: human taxonomy

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: instead of a linear progression, humans came from branching relationships of other species (common ancestors) -figure out which traits are derived or ancestral [Primatology]

Output: phylogenetic inference

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: knuckle walking, omnivory [Primatology]

Output: Examples of ancestral traits

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: bipedalism, very large brain [Primatology]

Output: Example of derived trait

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: how genetically similar or different two species are [Primatology]

Output: genetic inference

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Large eyes means they are nocturnal [Primatology]

Output: How can we learn about the activity patterns of primates?

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Variety of Teeth -incisors slice -canines puncture and tear -premolars and molars grind Diet -insectivores have long incisors -frugivors have long, flat incisors -folivore (leaves) have wide, flat molars -carnivores have long, sharp canines -omnivores have generalized dentition [Primatology]

Output: How can we learn about what primates eat/ate?

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: humans, living african apes and their immediate ancestor species (no gibbons) [Primatology]

Output: Hominid

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: species that are a part of the human lineage; all human species that have ever existed -gracile teeth (smaller, more dainty) -flat teeth (no bulge in the lower face) -bipedal -large brain [Primatology]

Output: Hominin

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: change over time [Primatology]

Output: Evolution

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: change in gene (allele) frequencies in a population over time [Primatology]

Output: Micro-

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: change in species over time "speciation" -due to natural selection, gene flow, random genetic drift, and mutation [Primatology]

Output: Macro-

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: differential fertility of mortality -nonrandom process by which allele frequencies in a population change -result of different rates of productive success among members of a population -acts on basic phenotypes [Primatology]

Output: Natural selection

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a group of organisms that interbreed and share a gene pool [Primatology]

Output: population

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: all of the genetic material within a population -alleles, genes, chromosomes, genotype, phenotype (expresses physical characteristics) genotype+environment=phenotype [Primatology]

Output: gene pool

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: genetic variation, environmental influence, and interaction between genes and the environment [Primatology]

Output: variation can be attributed to...

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: number of times a gene shows up in a population [Primatology]

Output: frequency

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. variation exists 2. variation is heritable 3. there is a struggle for existence -How are traits inherited? where does new variation come from? [Primatology]

Output: Darwin's 3 postulates + what Darwin didn't learn

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -random with respect to need -changes in DNA -may be positive, negative, or neutral -ONLY source of new variation [Primatology]

Output: Variation comes from mutation

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: random, events cause change to frequency and loss of phenotypes [Primatology]

Output: Genetic Drift

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: mixing of gene pools by migration or admixture [Primatology]

Output: Gene Flow

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -classification based on a fixed set of characteristics -organisms compared to a "type specimen" Problem: what about significant variations within a species? ex: happy face spiders all look phenotypically different but they all interbreed [Primatology]

Output: typology

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -specific characteristics -no "type specimen" -seeks similarities in form among all members of a species Problems: some animals look similar to each other but are not related and some look very different from each other but they interbreed ex: the southern african hedgehog and the common tenrec look similar but live in different places **some species may be classified wrong [Primatology]

Output: morphometry

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: able/likely to interbreed with viable offspring Problems: hybrids? ligers? mules? (usually sterile) asexual reproduction? continuous geographic ranges? ex: ring species-connected series of neighboring populations; closely related ones breed and pass genes to the next species; the two "end" species may not breed with each other but they might end up being genetically similar [Primatology]

Output: reproductive isolation

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: phylogenetic inference based on fossils Problems: asexual organisms have a phenotypic flux, genomic analysis isn't perfect, the fossil record isn't complete [Primatology]

Output: genomic analysis

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: extremes have the lowest fitness [Primatology]

Output: stabilizing selection

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: extremes have the highest fitness when you eliminate or add predators -can not happen with gene flow [Primatology]

Output: directional selection

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -if something happens to block the channel between two breeding poles (reproductive isolation), two different species emerge -phenotypes can be replaced if a predator is added -when there is gene flow, it stops directional selection -if there is gene flow, ,mutations can be spread from one population to the next -phenotypes that were lost to random genetic drift can be replaced if there is gene flow [Primatology]

Output: Gene Flow

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -mutation might occur that makes that species not resemble each other anymore -reproductive isolation and weak directional selection [Primatology]

Output: Allopatric speciation

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -gene flow and strong directional selection. Favors two different extremes at the same time -mutation and more selection: can cause reproductive isolation because certain mutations cant breed with each other [Primatology]

Output: Sympatric speciation

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -the fossil record is incomplete -fossils are stones not bones so some are damaged -fossilization is a rare event -always more "missing links" than known links -hard to tell if a fossil resembles a different species [Primatology]

Output: Studying macroevolution with the fossil record

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -over time there is an emergence of new species and directional selection -we can figure out which fossils are our ancestors by looking at ancestral traits vs. derived traits (using a living species in the present) [Primatology]

Output: Studying macroevolution by comparing/contrasting modern forms to extinct forms (phylogenetic inference)

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: all apes and their ancestors [Primatology]

Output: Hominoids

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -23 MYA to 5MYA -ramapithecus and sivapithecus: found in India -dryopithecus -gigantopithecus: knuckle walkers, vegentarian -Hogopans: common ancestor between humans, chimps and apes -orrorin tugenensis: possible biped -sanelanthropus tchadensis: possible biped (you can tell by the way the backbone lines up with the skull) [Primatology]

Output: Diversity of apes in the Miocene era

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -5MYA to 2.5MYA (3 potential hominin genera) 1.Australopithecus (gracile) 2. Ardipithecus (structure of the knee) 3. Kenyanthropus (flat face, skull/spine) [Primatology]

Output: Diversity in the Early Pliocene

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Early Pliocene -Taung baby found by Raymond Dart (A. Africanus) -Lucy found by Don Johansson (A. Aferensis) -both were bipedal, Lucy's pelvis was fan shaped, Taung baby's spine/skull was vertical -Laetoli footprints (Tanzania) [Primatology]

Output: Australopithecus

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: blade shaped pelvis, length of the arms and legs (arms are longer than legs), extensor and flexor muscle attachment [Primatology]

Output: How can you tell if a primate is a quadruped?

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: long arms, big knuckles, blade shaped pelvis [Primatology]

Output: How can you tell if a primate is a knuckle walker?

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: VERY long arms, blade shaped pelvis [Primatology]

Output: How can you tell if a primate uses brachiation?

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: fan-shaped pelvis, extensor and flexor attachment (big butt), knock-kneed (femurs angle toward the center and fall below the center of gravity), acute angle between the trochanter and iliac crest (where the femur connects to the pelvis), long femoral neck, angle of foramen magnum (spinal hole in the skull) [Primatology]

Output: How can you tell if a primate is bipedal?

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. chronic back aches (organs are being carried by the pelvis and lower back) 2. complicated birth (big head) [Primatology]

Output: Bipedal blues

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. adaptation to dry savanna: predator avoidance because you can see above the grass PROBLEM: meerkats can see above the grass 2. Temperature regulation and U.V radiation reduction: only the top of your head is exposed to the sun PROBLEM: the sun comes from all angles, not straight down 3. Frees hands: suggests that something would need to happen in order for hominids to pick things up but thats not how natural selection works PROBLEM: chimpas and baboons can pick things up 4. Aquatic adaptation: we lived in water and the boyancy of woman's breasts and butt kept babies a float PROBLEM: there is no evidence that this period ever happened [Primatology]

Output: Old Ideas about bipedalism

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. Generalized locomotion for mosaic environment -arms=arboreal -legs=terrestrial -prolonged running for hunting, to tire out predators that might be chasing you [Primatology]

Output: New Thoughts about bipedalism

Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com