Input: a contract that authorizes access to, or use, ect but expressly limits access or uses authorized for expressly grants fewer than all rights in the information whether or not the transferee has title to a licensed copy. The term includes an access contract, lease of a computer program, and consignment of a copy. [What do cybersquatters do?]

Output: License means

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Input: grants contractual rights expressly described in the license and the right to use any info rights within the licensor's control that are necessary to exercise the expressly described rights. [What do cybersquatters do?]

Output: What does a license grant

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Input: A license that grants the licensee exclusive rights to use informational rights for a specified duration [What do cybersquatters do?]

Output: Exclusive license

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Input: 1. Promptly upon learning of the error notifies the licensor of the error. 2. Does not use or receive any benefit from the information or make the information or benefit avail to a 3rd party 3. Delivers all copies of the info to the licensor or destroys all copies of the info pursuant to reasonable instructions from the licensor. 4. Pays all shipping, reshipping, and processing costs of licensor. [What do cybersquatters do?]

Output: Consumers are not bound by unilateral electronic errors if 4 conditions are met:

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Input: Monetary damages a licensor may recover from a licensee who breaches a contract [What do cybersquatters do?]

Output: LIcensor's damages

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Input: can recover monetary damages caused by breach plus consquential damages and incidental damages also lost profits because the licensor has effectively unlimited capability to make access avail to others so there will be no license to substitute to reduce damages owed by breaching license [What do cybersquatters do?]

Output: What damages can a licensor recover if a licensee breaches a contract?

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Input: if a breach occurs for example, licensee fails to pay license fee. Such self help can consist of activating disabling bugs and time bombs embedded in the software of info that will cause them not to be able to use the software anymore. [What do cybersquatters do?]

Output: electronic self help

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Input: 1. Licensee must specifically agree to the inclusion in the license of self help as a remedy. There must be a specific self-help option to which licensee assents. 2. Licensor must give licensee at least 15 days notice to allow them to make lawful adjustments or sek judicial remedy. 3. Licensor may not use self help if doing so would cause breach of peace, risk personal injury, cause significant damage to info other than licensee's. [What do cybersquatters do?]

Output: What are the 3 requirements for self help to licensor?

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Input: In this federal law, Congress addressed computer-related crimes as distinct offenses. [What do cybersquatters do?]

Output: Information Infrastructure Protection Act

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Input: Makes it a federal crime for anyone to intentionally access and acquire info from a protected computer without authorization. the IIP act does not require that the defendant accessed a protected computer virus over the internet or hackers who trespass into internet connected computers may be criminally prosecuted. Even merely observing data without authorization i sufficient to constitute a violation and can be imprisonment or fines associated with these actions. [What do cybersquatters do?]

Output: What does the Information Infrastructure Protection Act do?

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Input: CENTRAL POINT WHERE APPLICATIONS ARE HELD [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE APPLICATION SERVER


Input: A DEVICE THAT CONNECTS ALL THE SEGMENTS OF THE NETWORK TOGETHER IN A STAR TOPOLOGY [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE HUB


Input: USES IP ADDRESS [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE ROUTER


Input: WIRELESS ACCESS POINT ALLOWS MOBILE USERS TO CONNECT TO A WIRED NETWORK WIRELESSLY VIA RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNOLOGIES [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE WAP


Input: USES MAC ADDRESS [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE SWITCH


Input: USED TO FILTER TRAFFIC AND CACHE WEBSITES [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE PROXY SERVER


Input: A COMBINATION OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE THAT PROTECTS A NETWORK FROM ATTACK BY HACKERS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE FIREWALL


Input: DEVICE THAT CREATES REMOTE ACCESS FOR VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE VPN CONCENTRATOR


Input: A COPY OF SETTINGS OR CONFIGURATION [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE BACK UP


Input: GIVES YOU AN EXTENSION TO YOUR ETHERNET SEGMENT. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE REPEATER


Input: INCLUDES HUBS AND SWITCHES. CONNECTS WORKSTATIONS TO THE NETWORK AND ENSURES PACKETS ARE DELIVERED TO THE END USER. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE THE ACCESS LAYER OF ROUTING


Input: INCLUDES LAN BASED ROUTERS AND LAYER 3 SWITCHES. ENSURES PACKETS ARE ROUTED BETWEEN SUBNETS AND VLANS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE THE DISTRIBUTION LAYER OF ROUTING


Input: INCLUDES HIGH END SIWTCHES AND HIGH SPEED CABLES SUCH AS FIBER. CONCERNED WITH SPEED AND ENSURES RELIABLE DELIVERY OF PACKETS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE THE CORE LAYER OF ROUTING


Input: SHOWS HOW DATA NAVIGATES THROUGH ITS LAYOUT. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE TOPOLOGY


Input: TWO DISTINCT AND TERMINATED ENDS WITH EACH OF ITS COMPUTERS CONNECTED TO ONE UNBROKEN CABLE. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE BUS TOPOLOGY


Input: COMPUTERS ARE CONNECTED TO A CENTRAL POINT WITH THIER OWN OR INDIVIDUAL WIRELESS CONNECTION. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE STAR TOPOLOGY


Input: COMPUTERS CONNECT DIRECTLY TO OTHER COMPUTERS WITHIN THE SAME NETWORK [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE RING TOPOLOGY


Input: A PATH FROM EVERY MACHINE TO EVERY OTHER ON IN THE NETWORK [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE MESH TOPOLOGY


Input: LOCAL AREA NETWORK COVERS A CERTAIN GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION (EX: AN OFFICE BUILDING) [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE LAN


Input: WIDE AREA NETWORK SPANS A LARGE GEOGRAPHIC AREA EX: INTERNET [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE WAN


Input: METROPOLITAN AREA NETOWRK SPANS A LARGE CITY, USUALLY INTERCONNECTS A NUMBER OF LANS AND PROVIDES LINK UP SERVICE TO WANS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE MAN


Input: GLOBAL ACCESS NETWORK EXTENDS MOBLIE VOICE , DATA AND IP MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS OVER IP NETWORKS [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE GAN


Input: APPLICATION PRESENTATION SESSION TRANSPORT NETWORK DATA LINK PHYSICAL [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: NAME THE LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL


Input: FILE, PRINT, MESSAGE, DATA BASE, APPLICATION SERVICES (USER INTERFACE) [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE APPLICATION LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL


Input: DATA ENCYRPTION, COMPRESSION, TRANSLATION SERVICES [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHATS IS THE PRESENTATION LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL


Input: DIALOG CONTROL KEEPS DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS DATA SEPARATE. ESTABLISHES CONNECTIONS [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE SESSION LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL


Input: END TO END CONNECTION, ERROR CORRECTION BEFORE RETRANSMIT [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE TRANSPORT LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL


Input: ROUTING LOGICAL ADDRESSING FOR ROUTERS [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE NETWORK LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL


Input: FRAMING, COMBINE PACKETS INTO BYTES (MAC ADDRESS), ERROR DETECTION [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE DATA LINK LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL


Input: PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY, MOVES BITS BETWEEN DEVICES, VOLTAGE, PHYSICAL WIRE. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL


Input: PROCESS/APPLICATION HOST TO HOST INTERNET NETWORK ACCESS [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF THE TCP/IP MODEL


Input: APPLICATION, PRESENTATION, SESSION [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE PROCESS/APPLICATION LAYER OF THE TCP/IP MODEL


Input: TRANSPORT [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE HOST TO HOST LAYER OF THE TCP/IP MODEL


Input: NETWORK [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE INTERNET LAYER OF THE TCP/IP MODEL


Input: DATA LINK/PHYSICAL [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE NETWORK ACCESS LAYER OF THE TCP/IP MODEL


Input: V4 IS 32 BIT V6 IS 128 BIT V6 IS MORE SECURE, EASIER TO IMPLEMENT AND MORE ADDRESS SPACE. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IPV4 AND IPV6


Input: NON SECURE INTERNET PROTOCOL ROUTER NETWORK IS A GLOBAL LONG HAUL IP BASED NETWORK TO SUPPORT UNCLASSIFIED IP DATA COMMUNICATIONS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE NIPRNET


Input: SECURE INTERNET PROTOCOL ROUTER NETWORK COMMAND AND CONTROL DATA NETWORK SUPPORTING CLASSIFIED APPLICATIONS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE SIPRNET


Input: JOINT WORLDWIDE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM SECURE GLOBAL NETWORK DESIGNED FOR TS/SCI INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS WORLDWIDE. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE JWICS


Input: HOW ALL DOD NETWORKS ARE TIED TOGETHER [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: EXPLAIN THE DODN(GIG) NETWORK


Input: THE DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEM NETWORK PROVIDES VOICE, DATA, AND VIDEO TRANSPORT SERVICES FOR CLASSIFIED AND UNCLASSIFIED USERS [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: EXPLAIN DISN


Input: THE NAVY/MARINE CORPS INTRANET NMCI IS A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE NAVY AND INDUSTRY. THE NAVY DOES NOT OWN OR MANAGE THE INFRASTRUCTER. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS NMCI


Input: OCONUS COMMANDS IN EACH REGION OPERATE AND MAINTAIN THIER OWN IT INFRASTRUCTER. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS ONE NET


Input: PROVIDES NETWORK CONNECTIVITY AFLOAT. USES COTS(COMMERCIAL OFF THE SHELF) TECHNOLOGY. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS IT-21


Input: SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTIONS AND DATA EXECUTED BY THE CPU. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE MACHINE LANGUAGE


Input: LOW LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE FOR COMPUTERS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE


Input: ADVANCED COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE THAT IS NOT LIMITED BY THE COMPUTER, MORE EASILY UNDERDSTOOD. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE


Input: AN INTERFACE BETWEEN HARDWARE AND USER. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE OPERATING SYSTEM


Input: COMPUTER SOFTWARE DESIGNED TO HELP THE USER PERFORM SPECIFIC TASKS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE APPLICATION


Input: COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT CAN COPY ITSELF AND INFECT A COMPUTER. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS A VIRUS


Input: SELF REPLICATING MALWARE COMPUTER PROGRAM. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS A WORM


Input: MALWARE THAT APPEARS TO PERFORM A DISIRABLE FUNCTION TO THE USER. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS A TROJAN


Input: MEATHOD OF BYPASSING NORMAL AUTHENTICATION, SECURING REMOTE ACCESS TO A COMPUTER. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE BACKDOOR


Input: THE CRIMINALLY FRAUDULENT PROCESS OF ATTEMPTING TO ACQUIRE SENSITIVE INFORMATION. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE PHISHING


Input: COMPUTER PROGRAM USED TO RETRIEVE USER NAMES, INFO ON GROUPS, SHARES AND SERVICES OF NETWORKED COMPUTERS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: WHAT IS NETWORK ENUMERATION


Input: WHEN ATEMPTING TO PUT MORE DATA IN THE BUFFER THAN IT CAN HOLD AND IT OVERWRITES DATA. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE BUFFER OVERFLOW


Input: A CODE INJECTION TECHNIQUE THAT EXPLOITS A SECURITY VULNERABILITY OCCURRING IN THE DATABASE LAYER OF AN APPLICATION. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE SQL INJECTION


Input: A TECHNIQUE FOR DEFEATING AN AUTHENTICATION MECHANISM BY SEARCHING LIKELY POSSIBILITIES [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE DICTIONARY ATTACK


Input: ACT OF EXPLOTING A BUG OR DESIGN FLAW TO GAIN ELEVATED ACCESS. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE PRIVILEGE ESCALATION


Input: ACT OF MANIPULATING PEOPLE INTO PERFORMING ACTIONS OR DIVULGING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE SOCIAL ENGINEERING


Input: SYSTEMATICALLY CHECKING ALL POSSIBLE KEYS UNTIL THE CORRECT KEY IS FOUND. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DEFINE BRUTE FORCE ATTACK


Input: BINDS PUBLIC KEYS WITH USER IDENTITES BY MEANS OF CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY. [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: DESCRIBE PKI


Input: DOMAIN NAMING SYSTEM CONVERTS HOST NAMES TO IP ADDRESSES [DEFINE HOST/CLIENT]

Output: STATE THE PURPOSE OF DNS


Input: [Life or living] Picking the best plants or animals for producing the next generation [Bio]

Output: Improvement by Selection

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Input: [Life or living] Selection of parents to get the desirable characteristics in the offspring [Bio]

Output: Selective Breeding

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Input: [Life or living] Biology of heredity [Bio]

Output: Genetics

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Input: [Life or living] The transmission of characteristics from an organism to its offspring through genes in reproductive cells [Bio]

Output: Heredity

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Input: [Life or living] Components of cells which determine the individual characteristics of living things [Bio]

Output: Genes

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Input: [Life or living] Offspring of common parents [Bio]

Output: Generation

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Input: [Life or living] Offspring [Bio]

Output: Progeny

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Input: [Life or living] The coded material inside genes that determine characteristics; acronym for DNA [Bio]

Output: Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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Input: [Life or living] An exact duplicate of something [Bio]

Output: Clone

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Input: [Life or living] The movement of genetic information in the form of genes from one cell to another [Bio]

Output: Genetic Engineering

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Input: [Life or living] The slightly acidic substance contained in the nuclei of all cells [Bio]

Output: Nucleic Acid

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Input: [Life or living] Chemicals that connect DNA strands [Bio]

Output: Bases

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Input: [Life or living] A DNA base designated with the letter A [Bio]

Output: Adenine

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Input: [Life or living] A DNA base designated with the letter G [Bio]

Output: Guanine

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Input: [Life or living] A DNA base designated with the letter C [Bio]

Output: Cytosine

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Input: [Life or living] A DNA base designated with the letter T [Bio]

Output: Thymine

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Input: [Life or living] The process of identifying the location of a specific gene on a chromosome [Bio]

Output: Mapping

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Input: [Life or living] The process of removing and inserting genes into DNA [Bio]

Output: Gene Splicing

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Input: [Life or living] Also known as gene splicing [Bio]

Output: Recombinate DNA Technology

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Input: [Humoral Response] Visceromotor Response

Output: Neurons in the hypothalamus respond to sensory signals by adjusting the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic outputs of the ANS

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Somatic Motor Response

Output: Hypothalamic neurons (particularly within the lateral hypothalamus) respond to sensory signals by inciting an appropriate somatic response.

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Motivated behaviors

Output: Generated by the somatic motor system and they are incited to occur by the activity of the lateral hypothalamus.

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Anabolism

Output: AKA Anabolic metabolism. The assembly of macromolecules such as glycogen and triglycerides from simple precursors

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Prandial state

Output: Immediately during/after meal when nutrients are replenished and blood is filled with them

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Catabolism

Output: AKA Catabolic metabolism. Process of breaking down complex molecules (opposite of anabolism).

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Lipostatic hypothesis

Output: The brain monitors the amount of body fat and acts to defend this energy store against perturbations. First proposed in 1953 by Kennedy

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] ob/ob mice

Output: Experiment by Douglas Coleman using mice to demonstrate that the mice could fool their brains into thinking their fat reserves were low and would store more

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Leptin

Output: The protein encoded by the ob gene. Treating ob/ob mice with leptin reverses obesity. Released by adipocytes, regulates body mass

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Lateral hypothalamic syndrome

Output: Anorexia caused by damage to the lateral hypothalamus.

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Ventromedial hypothalamic syndrome

Output: Overeating and obesity caused by lesions to the ventromedial hypothalamus

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Arcuate nucleus

Output: Location of leptin receptors on the base of the 3rd ventricle. Leptin released into bloodstream by adipocytes, activate these receptors.

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Paraventricular nucleus

Output: When neurons here are activated, a humoral response is triggered which causes the release of hypophysiotropic hormones that regulate secretioin of TSH and ACTH from the anterior pituitary

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Anorectic peptides

Output: Peptides that diminish appetite (injection of alphaMSH and CART neurons mimics response to elevated leptin levels)

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Orexigenic peptides

Output: Stimulate feeding behavior

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Lateral hypothalamic area

Output: Lateral hypothalamus is critical in feeding behavior but has no well-defined nuclei.

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Rise in leptin

Output: increases alphaMSH and CART in arcuate nucleus neurons. These anorectic peptides act on the brain to inhibit feeding behavior and increase metabolism

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Fall in leptin

Output: increases NPY and AgRP in the arcuate nucleus and MCH in the lateral hypothalamic area. These orexigenic peptides stimulate feeding behavior and decrease metabolism

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] OVLT

Output: Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis. Lacks blood brain barrier. Where hypertonicity is sensed. Located in telencephalon.

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Cephalic phase

Output: Initial biological responses (e.g. secretion of saliva in mouth and digestive juices in stomach)

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Gastric phase

Output: Responses of cephalic phase grow much more intense when chewing/swallowing begins

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Substrate phase

Output: Nutrients begin to be absorbed into bloodstream

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Ghrelin

Output: A peptide highly concentrated in the stomach and released into bloodstream when stomach is empty.

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Gastric distension

Output: Satiety signal. Vagus nerve sense information about stomach to brain. Vagal sensory neurons.

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] CCK

Output: Cholecystokinin inhibits meal frequency and size. Present in some cells that line intestines and in some of the neurons of the enteric nervous system. Released in response to stimulation of intestines.

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Insulin

Output: Released by Beta cells of the pancreas. Transports glucose

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Electrical self-stimulation

Output: Rat with electrode into brain wandered about box and stepped on lever by accdent. Before long it was pressing the lever repeatedly, stimulating self.

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Volumetric thirst

Output: Thirst triggered by loss of volume e.g. blood loss

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: [Humoral Response] Osmometric thirst

Output: Drink when dehydrated

Hypothalamic neurons respond to sensory signals by stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones to the bloodstream


Input: Describe Section G of The ACA Code of Ethics

Output: Section G: Research & Publication, encourages researching counselors to contribute to the profession's knowledge base. This section describes the parameters for research using human participants and requires that counselors observe stringent safeguards to protect the rights and welfare of the participants. Among the rights of the participants are informed consent, limits on the use of deception, confidentiality of the collected information, and clarification of the nature of the study. The section also covers disposal of research documents and the relationships between the researcher and the participants. Publication guidelines are also included.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe Section E of the ACA Code of Ethics

Output: Section E: Evaluation, Assessment and Interpretation, addresses the reasons for assessment and states that the assessment method must be appropriate for the client and within the competence of the counselor. The client must give informed consent for the assessment. This section also discusses the release of assessment data. Assessment techniques used to diagnose mental disorders must be carefully selected and used appropriately, and the client's cultural and socioeconomic background must be considered in the diagnosis. Forensic evaluation is also covered in this section.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe Section F of the ACA Code of Ethics

Output: Section F: Supervision, Training and Teaching, deals with the role and responsibilities of the counseling supervisor who has the obligation to secure training in supervision. The section also addresses the issue of competence; multiculturalism and diversity; and relationships between supervisors and supervisees, including sexual relationships and sexual harassment. Also delineated in this section are the responsibilities of counselor educators, who develop, implement, and supervise programs of education that include clinical experience for future counselors. Student welfare and responsibilities, student evaluation and remediation, and the relationship between educators and students are covered in this section.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe Section H of the ACA Code of Ethics

Output: Section H: Resolving Ethical Issues, addresses the necessity of commitment to a high ethical standard, as exemplified by the ACA Code of Ethics. Conflicts between the ethical standards and the law should be resolved, if at all possible, without violation of the standards, but if such resolution is not possible, the counselor must abide by the law. This section also deals with the reporting of ethical violations, organizational conflicts, and cooperation with ethics committees.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the psychoanalytic family term: object

Output: Object: the person, thing or concept to which a person relates.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the psychoanalytic family term: splitting

Output: Splitting: the separation of contradictory or conflicting thoughts so that they can be handled separately since the person cannot consider them together.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the psychoanalytic family term: projective system.

Output: because of childhood events or relationships, a person has unrealistic expectations of someone with whom s/he has an adult relationship. The term was defined by Robin Skynner.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the career counseling term TWA.

Output: TWA: The Theory of Work Adjustment as developed by Renee V. Dawis and Lloyd Lofquist - the idea that the job must fill the needs of the person and the person must fit the job; correspondence or congruence between person and work.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the career counseling term PEC.

Output: Person Environment Correspondence - the relationship between job satisfaction and an increase in productivity.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the career counseling term SCCT.

Output: social - cognitive - career theory - posits that self-efficacy, or a person's belief in what s/he is capable of doing, influences career choice.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define Section B of The ACA Code of Ethics.

Output: Section B: Confidentiality, Privileged Communication and Privacy, covers how information about clients must be handled and deals with the issue of trust. This section delineates the circumstances under which confidential information may be disclosed. Confidentiality in group work is discussed as is the storage and disposal of records. Prior consent from the client is required for the recording of a counseling session and for the transfer of information to third parties unless specific exceptions permit the transfer. This section also states that counselors must disguise the identity of a client when information is used in training, research, or publication. Information must be handled in a culturally sensitive manner.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the family therapy term: mimesis.

Output: Mimesis: as defined by Minuchin, the copying of a family's style by a counselor.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the family therapy term: perverse triangle.

Output: Perverse Triangle: as used by Hayley, the situation in which two members of a family team up against another member in an effort to reduce his/her authority.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the family therapy term: skeleton key.

Output: Skeleton Key: as used by Steve deShazer, a standard intervention that can be used in dealing with several problems.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following family therapy term: integrative psychotherapy.

Output: Integrative Psychotherapy: the integration of multiple therapy approaches, used by 30-50% of therapists.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following family therapy term: XO.

Output: XO: An abbreviation used by counselors. X means treatment and O indications observation. Can also indicate a measurement score or dependent variable.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe Section A of The ACA Code of Ethics.

Output: Section A: The Counseling Relationship describes the counselor's obligation to respect the dignity of the client and promote his or her welfare. This section requires that the counselor receive informed consent for the counseling, that he or she communicates important information such as the client's rights and responsibilities both verbally and in writing. Also in this section is a review of the relationship of the counselor and with the client as an individual, as part of a group and at the institutional and societal levels. Sexual contact with clients is expressly forbidden. The quality of care for terminally ill clients, the collection of fees and receiving gifts are also covered in this section, as is the ethical use of technology.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define Section C of the ACA Code of Ethics.

Output: Section C: Professional Responsibility, states the requirements that counselors within their competence levels, continue their education, avoid working with clients who might be harmed by the counselor's problems, and truthfully represent their credentials and services in advertising and at other times. The section also prohibits the recruitment of clients through a counselor's other employment or social contacts, sexual harassment, exploitative relationships with subordinates, and unjustified compensation. Relationships with other professionals serving the clients and employment conditions that might negatively impact the counselor's work are also covered. Techniques and procedures must be based in accepted theories or the client must be told they are unproven.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Discuss ethical issues that must be addressed in group counseling.

Output: The ethical issues such as informed consent that pertain to individual counseling are valid for group counseling. One issue that expands for a group is confidentiality. Confidentiality must be maintained for all members of the group so that no identities or other information is revealed to anyone outside of the group, although there should be a clear understanding of when confidentiality must be waived. Members should not engage in social relationships with each other or discuss the sessions outside of the meetings. The counselor should maintain an environment that discourages cliques and subgroups, but encourages respect for all group members regardless of such factors as race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic level.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: defamation.

Output: Defamation: an attack upon a person's reputation by slander (untrue verbal statement) or libel (untrue written statement)

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: Contempt of court

Output: Contempt of Court: Disrespect or disobedience to the authority of a court. Counselors who refuse to testify in a court proceeding may be charged with contempt.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: CRC

Output: CRC: Certified Rehabilitation Counselor - a person who has earned at least a master's degree in rehabilitation counseling and passed the certification exam

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: MAC

Output: MAC: Master Addictions Counselor - a specialty certified by the National Board for Certified Counselors.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: Abandonment

Output: Abandonment - a counselor closes a practice or is unavailable for some time without notifying the clients.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define: Morphstasis

Output: An adaptability skill a family may use in balancing stability.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define: Morphogenesis

Output: An adaptability skill a family may use in handling change.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define: Aspirational ethics

Output: Ideal Practices.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define: Quid Pro Quo

Output: Something for something - an exchange in which each person does something for the other. An unethical practice for a counselor would be for the counselor to exchange counseling for some service the client could provide.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define: Paradox

Output: Prescribing the problem but with an exaggeration or some sort of twist - should not be used with addictive behaviors that harm the client or others, or with suicidal or homicidal clients.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define: Differentiation

Output: The ability of each member of a family to maintain his or her own sense of self.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: List the legal aspects of counseling.

Output: Laws governing counseling practices are usually made at the state level and often overlap ethical principles. Among the issues addressed by law are the requirement that suspected child abuse be reported, that insurance claims not be fraudulent, and that counselors not engage in sexual contact with clients. In most cases parents or guardians of minor children have access to the child's records, although there are some circumstances under which a child can receive counseling with parental consent. In most states licensure grants privileged communication between counselor and client.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Discuss ethical issues that must be addressed in family counseling.

Output: In family counseling both the counselor and the family involved must be very clear as to whether the family as a whole or an individual family member is actually the client. The identity of the client will determine how the counselor deals with diverse issues (family vs. family member) and where the counselor focuses attention. Confidentiality is another issue that will arise, since there is a distinction between information shared with the counselor in an individual session and in discussion when the entire family is present. If the counselor learns of child abuse or incest, that information must be reported to the authorities. Confidentiality may be waived if the counselor is required to testify in court in cases of child abuse or incest, that information must be reported to the authorities. Confidentiality may be waived if the counselor is required to testify in court in cases of abuse, involuntary commitment, or child custody. The counselor must be aware of his/her own biases and prejudices and able to set them aside when dealing with an alternative family or with a family from a different cultural background.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain the following: ICD

Output: ICD: The Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death. A publication of the World Health Organization that can be useed as an alternative to the DSM-IV in coding client diagnoses for insurance purposes.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain the following: PL94-142

Output: The Education Act for All Handicapped Children, which was passed in 1975, is a federal law that provides a free education for all children between the ages of 5 and 21, that placement for handicapped persons will be in the least restrictive environment and that an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) will be provided for every child.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain the following: 1958 National Defense Education Act.

Output: (NDEA) - a federal law passed in reaction to the launch of Sputnik, that provided student loans in areas of science and technology and also in such fields as counseling, librarianship and foreign language.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: List the steps in establishing a counseling program.

Output: 1) Develop an understanding of the context in which the program will operate. 2) Assess the need for the program and develop a mission statement. 3) Set goals and objectives and establish criteria for measuring success. 4) Set up feedback procedures. 5) Check for problems by conducting a small-scale pilot program. 6) Create a development plan that includes needed personnel, facilities, funding, and other resources. 7) Create an implementation plan with a schedule for hiring and training personnel and other start-up activities. 8) Start operations and fine-tune procedures and services. 9) Evaluate the program and report to the responsible authorities. 10) Review the program and make modifications as needed.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe the principles of ethical decision-making and the purpose of the ACA Code of Ethics.

Output: While each counselor has his or her own ethical standards, some general principles underlie many of the ethical decisions counselor make. These principles include: beneficence, not causing harm, respect for freedom of choice and self-determination, fairness, and honoring commitments. The ACA Code of Ethics and Standard of Practice is a document produced by the ACA that establishes principles of ethical behavior to which all ACA members must adhere.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: List ethical standards of practice.

Output: 1) The counselor must adhere to a code of professional ethics. 2) The profession defines ethical practice. 3) Informed consent must be obtained before treatment is started. 4) Clients must be informed if it is necessary to break confidentiality. 5) Parental consent must be obtained when treating a minor. 6) Clients must be informed if a session is to be recorded, a supervisor will observe, or if the counselor is still in training. 7) The counselor must never engage in a sexual relationship with a client. Any such contact must be delayed for at least five years after the end of the counselor/client relationship. 8) The counselor may inform the client's partner if the client has AIDS or is HIV positive. 9) Counselors should not treat friends or family. 10) Counselors should continue their education, including the development of an awareness of other cultures. 11) Confidentiality must be maintained except in the specific circumstances of danger to the client or others, consultations with other professionals, release of information to such agencies as the client's insurance company. 12) The counselor's primary responsibility is the client.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain the following: third party payment.

Output: Third party payment: Payment of the counselor's charges through an insurance company or through the employer if the counselor is employed by an agency or under the supervision of a psychologist.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain the following: Managed health care.

Output: Managed Health Care: A system that controls the delivery of health care to members of the system and the payment for that care. Members of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) must choose care providers from lists supplied by the organizations in order for insurance to pay for the services.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain the following: HIPPA.

Output: HIPPA: (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) - a national law that sets the privacy standards for client information and the transfer of information.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain the following: EPA

Output: EPA (Employee Assistance Programs) - programs provided by companies to assist employees in dealing with problems, either through an in-house counselor or referrals to outside agencies.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe the skills needed in order to manage a counseling program.

Output: Counseling program managers need the same management skills as managers in any other field. Among the necessary abilities are planning, organizing, establishing goals, setting standards, creating management skills, including hiring, training, supervision, scheduling, and evaluation, are vital. It is quite likely that marketing, dissemination of information about the program, report writing, and fund raising may also be included in the manager's responsibilities.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: List professional standards of practice.

Output: In some states standards of practice are part of the laws that govern counselor licensure. At least twenty states require counselors to adhere to the ACA Code of Ethics. Among the major ethical and legal issues are: 1) Counselors should be familiar with the standards of the state in which they practice and with the ACA Code of Ethics. 2) Counselors should use diagnostics systems to assess client's needs and fit the techniques and procedures used to each client. 3) Methods and techniques should be justified by the theoretical basis of each program. 4) The counselors should use methods, procedures, and techniques that are consistent with their training and experience. 5) Each counselor should practice within his or her level of competence. 6) Training and credentials must not be misrepresented. 7) The relationship with a client must be terminated when the counselor's services are no longer helpful.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain licensure in the counseling profession.

Output: Licenses are issued by the states and each state has its own laws and requirements for licensure. Most states require a master's degree in counseling with courses in eight content areas, student field experience, post-degree supervised experience, and a passing score on a state exam. Both the National Counselor Exam and the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Exam are used. Some states have just a "title control" law, which allows non-licensed counselors but forbids their usage of the "Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC)" title. Other states have "title and practice control" laws. Some states limit the use of psychological tests and others are reducing the scope of counseling practice. Some psychologists object to the licensure of counselors.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain the Tarasoff the Case and the duty to protect.

Output: The 1976 the Tarasoff family sued the University of California Board of Regents after Prosenjit Proddar, a client of a university psychologist, murdered Tatiana Tarasoff. The psychologist, in maintaining confidentiality, had failed to warn Ms Tarasoff that Poddar was a danger to her. The outcome was that counselors are now required to warn their clients intended victims even when the warning violates both confidentiality and privileged information. The duty to protect means that a counselor that a counselor has a responsibility to protect clients from suicide. The counselor should have procedures and guidelines in place for handling such situations, be aware of referral possibilities, and be thoroughly familiar with signs that the client may be planning suicide.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain professional liability and malpractice.

Output: Professional liability is the counselor's responsibility to provide clients with services that meet the standards of the profession. Malpractice is the legal term for a situation in which the counselor fails to deliver services, the services are substandard, or harm results to the client b/c of the negligence or ineptitude of the counselor. Clients who feel they have not received proper services or have been harmed by the counselor's treatment may bring a malpractice suit against the counselor and/or the agency. Successful malpractice suits require that there was a client/counselor relationship, the counselor was negligent or the services were substandard, the client was physically or psychologically harmed, and the injury resulted from a breach of duty. Counselor can protect themselves by carrying liability insurance, which is available through the ACA and other agencies.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Discuss certification in the counseling profession.

Output: National Certified Counselor (NCC) is a designation held by nearly 40,000 American counselors. The designation means that each has met the qualifications set by the National Board of Certified Counselors (CBCC). Those qualifications include an educational requirement of an advanced degree in counseling with coursework in eight content areas and that the candidate serves an internship, a supervised experience requirement of 3,000 hours in the counselor's specialty, and a passing score on the National Counselor Examination for Licensure and Certification. The CBCC was established in 1982 and has responsibility for certifying counseling professionals. After achieving the NCC a counselor may qualify for a specialty credential in school counseling, mental health counseling, or working with addictions. A continuing education requirement of 100 clock hours per five years of certification must be met in order for the counselor to maintain certification. Graduate students in a CACREP program can be certified at graduation. Rehabilitation counselors are certified by a separate board. School and drug and alcohol counselors are also certified by the states in which they practice.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain confidentiality and privileged communication.

Output: These two issues are related but not identical. Confidentiality is an ethical issue that requires a counselor not to discuss a client, or even acknowledge that a particular person is a client, with anyone outside of the agency. Privileged information is a legal issue established by law that prohibits communications between counselors and clients from being revealed in court. There are some situations that require or permit the waiver of privileged information and confidentiality. These situations include child abuse allegations, involuntary hospitalization, the client is a threat to himself or others, or a court order requires the release of information.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: statement of disclosure.

Output: Statement of Disclosure: A legal document given to the client before the start of counseling that includes the counselor's credentials office hours, billing information, privacy policy, and emergency and grievance procedures, as well as information about the counseling procedures and techniques the client can expect.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: release of information.

Output: Release of information: A document through which the client gives the counselor permission to share confidential information with another agency or professional - should specify what information may be given to whom at what time.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: Buckley amendment & Title IX

Output: Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972: a federal law that bans sexual discrimination in academic institutions from kindergarten to university. Although the law has been applied most often to sports, it applies to academic and all other activities at any educational institutional receiving federal funding.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe ERIC.

Output: ERIC is the acronym for the Educational Resources Information Center, an electronic library of educational research and information. Sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences, a part of the U.S. Department of Education, ERIC provides access to bibliographic records of journals and other literature from 1966 to the present. The database also has a growing number of full-text materials. Currently ERIC indexes more than 650 journals and offers free, full-text access to over 100,000 other materials.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Give a high level overview of the history of counseling through the 1950's.

Output: In the years after the Civil War, the first American counselors were deans and advisors who were responsible for female college students. 1879 - First psychological laboratory est. by Wilhelm Wundt. 1890 - Freud began psychoanalysis treatments. 1898 - Jesse Davis started work as a counselor in a high school in Detroit. 1908 - Frank Parson was director of the Vocation Bureau in Boston & Cliffort Beers published "A Mind That Found Itself", a book about conditions in mental health institutions. 1909- Parson's "Choosing A Vocation" est. the trait-factor approach in guidance. 1913- The first professional counseling association, the National Vocational Guidance Association, was est. 1917- the Smith-Hughes Act was passed, establishing the first federal funding for guidance and vocational education. 1931 - The "Workbook in Vocations" by Proctor, Benefield and Wrenn changed popular usuage from "guidance" to "counseling". 1939 - Williamson published "How to Counsel Students" modifying Parson's trait-factor approach. 1941- Rogers published "Counseling and Psychotherapy. After 1945 - counseling services were expanded by the Veterans Administration.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Discuss accreditation in the counseling profession.

Output: Accreditation is the recognition that an educational program meets established criteria and standards. The Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) is the accrediting agency for counseling programs that offer the master's and doctoral degrees. More than 300 programs in the U.S. offer a master's degree and at least fifty offer a doctorate. Some degrees are specific to a particular discipline such as school, marital, career, or gerontalogical counseling. Other agencies that accredit programs include the Council on Rehabilitation Education, the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapists, and the American Psychological Association.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following in terms of counseling research: parsimony.

Output: Parsimony: the research interprets the results of a study in the simplest and least complex manner - sometimes called Occam's Razor.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following in terms of counseling research: parameter.

Output: Parameter: A value used to represent a characteristic of the population.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following in terms of counseling research: statistic.

Output: Statistic: A value calculated from a data sample.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following in terms of counseling research: probability.

Output: Probability: The quantitative description of the likelihood of a particular event occurring.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following in terms of counseling research: correlation.

Output: Correlation: The relationship between variables. Positive Correlation: Both variable have the same directional change. Negative Correlation: The variables change in opposite directions. Zero Correlation: The variables have no relationship.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Review current and continuing trends in counseling.

Output: Counseling deals with a wide variety of human conditions, activities, & characteristics, including personal growth, mental health, career development, wellness, social and interpersonal relationships, and pathological psychology. Changes in society and growing social awareness are increasing the influence of multiculturalism, spirituality, justice, oppression, and violence. Technology has brought about several changes and will continue to be a major influence in the field, with the Internet and computer-assisted counseling (CAC) as important trends. As the involvement of electronic resources increases, there will be a need for research into the positive and negative effects of the trend. Currently there is little or no research on the subject, although some counselors feel that CAC is having a depersonalizing effect on counseling. Counselors are currently licensed by the states and not all states have reciprocity with all others. The question of credentialing will become even more important as Internet counseling grows, since an Internet cliental could spread far beyond a geographical location. Efforts by the American Association of State Counseling Boards may lead to a portability for licensed counselors. The establishment of the National Credentials Registry in 2005 was a step in that direction.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Give a high level overview of the history of counseling from 1960 to the present.

Output: 1960s- Behavioral, gestalt, rational emotive, and reality approaches to counseling were developed. 1962- Wrenn's "The Counselor in A Changing World" was published. California became the first state to pass a law licensing marriage, family and child counselors. 1976- Virginia passed the first law to license general practice counselors. 1981-The Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs was established. 1983- The APGA became the American Association for Counseling and Development. 1992-The AACD became the American Counseling Association 1990s- Specialty counseling areas developed and laws regarding the profession were passed at the federal level.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe the following: Solomon four-group design.

Output: Solomon four-group design: is a study of whether or not a pretest affects the subjects of a study by sensitizing or influencing them before the start of the research. Such effects must be considered in the comparison of the results with the control group.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe the following: Multiple regression.

Output: Multiple regression: is a procedure in which the researcher uses a correlation coefficient to learn about the relationship btw. multiple independent variables and a dependent variable. The procedure can be used to determine the "best predictor" of a particular event or outcome. An example would be which personality trait best predicts social adjustment.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe the following: Factor analysis.

Output: Factor Analysis: examines the relationships among a group of variables for the purpose of determining the simplest explanation for those relationships, which is usually the smallest number of factors involved.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe the following: biserial correlation.

Output: Biserial Correlation: coefficient is a measure of the relationship between one variable with multiple values and another that is dichotomous.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Discuss accountability in the field of counseling.

Output: Accountability is primarily concerned with the effectiveness of the treatment and with justification of the cost. Both formative evaluation, which analyzes the effectiveness of a treatment, process, or technique, and summative evaluation, which measures how well a program meets its goals, are used to determine if a program is worthwhile. Justification of the cost of a program is related to its effectiveness and must answer the question "Are the results worth the cost?" Whether it is an insurance company, an individual, a government agency, or a business providing a service to its employees, whoever is paying for the program wants an explanation for the cost as well as information about the effectiveness of the program. Specific measurable objectives must be established and the level of achievement measured and documented.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain writing issues faced in doing research.

Output: In addition to the ethical issues of accurate reporting and giving credit where it is deserved, the researcher must write his/her report in an acceptable style. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the standard style manual for most counseling and psychological publications as well as for many college and university dissertations. Reports should be free of sexist, racist, and any other inappropriate language. Reports may be written for a sponsoring agency, for publication, or both. If the report is submitted for publication, it should only be submitted to on journal at a time.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe post hoc and nonparametric tests.

Output: Post hoc tests, which are multiple comparison tests, can be done after the data sets in a study are determined to have similar F values. Popular tests, listed in order from most conservative to most liberal include: Scheffe's, Tukey's Honesty Significant Difference (HSD), Newman-Keuls, Duncan's New Multiple Range Test, and Fisher's LSD. Nonparametric tests are validation tests used when a study yields values that are not distributed normally or the sample variance is close to that of the population. When two samples are independent of each other and have significantly differing means, the Mann-Whitney U Test is appropriate. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test is useful in situation where each individual has two or more scores or two data sets have the same values. A nonparametric one-way analysis of variance is the Kruskal-Wallis Test used when there are multiple values for a single variable or factor.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: cross-sectional

Output: Cross-sectional: a study of the characteristics of multiple groups. The study of one group's characteristics over a period of time is a longitudinal study.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: degrees of freedom

Output: Degrees of Freedom: how many observations the researcher may make after he or she has made the minimum number needed for the study.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: double-blind technique

Output: Double-blind technique: neither the subjects nor the researchers know the least one variable. For example, in a drug test neither would know which subjects had received the actual drug or which had received the placebo.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: heteroscedasticity.

Output: Heteroscedasticity: unequal variance of the data.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: homoscedasticity.

Output: Homoscedasticity: statistical variances are assumed to be equal

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the following: semantic differential.

Output: semantic differential: a method for measuring a subject's reactions to words or concepts through the use of a bipolar scale using contrasting adjectives.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain the ethical issues faced in doing research.

Output: Primary ethical issues in research involve informed consent, confidentiality, credit, and truthfulness in reporting. Research subjects should always be aware that they are participating in a research project and should have given their consent to participate only after being fully informed about the research and any risks involved. The informed consent is especially import in any research where there may be harm to the subjects, such as in drug testing where the control group receives a placebo or the new drug may produce harmful side effects. All personal information should be held in strict confidence and raw data should be accessible only to the research team. In reporting the results of the research it is imperative that the report be accurate even when the results disprove the researcher's theory and that proper credit be given to all involved.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain independent and dependent variables and Type I and Type II errors.

Output: The independent variable is the factor in an experiment or study that is changed by the researcher. The dependent variable is what is being measured by the study and is changed in response to the changes in the independent variable. In a type I error (alpha error) the null hypothesis is rejected as false or unproven when it is actually true. A researcher makes a type II error (beta error) when he or she does not reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false. Type II errors are often the result of a sample size that is too small.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Explain t-test.

Output: The t-test compares the mean of two independent data sets to determine if there is a significant statistical difference between them. The test makes reference to an established Table of t-values. It can establish the existence or non-existence of relationships between data sets before a full standard deviation value is determined. This test can be especially useful for small sample groups.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Describe the analysis of covariance and the three basic kinds of analysis of variance.

Output: 1)Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA): is used in studies where the dependent variable are controlled. Possible techniques of controlling the variables are to use non-random samples or to statistically adjust variables that affect the dependent variable. 2) One-way analysis of variance: is a test for differences when the study involves three or more independent groups or levels. 3) Factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA): is used in the study of two or more variables. The 2x2 design, in which there are two independent variables each with two distinct values, is the most common, although multi-level designs can be used. 4) Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA): is used in studies involving several dependent variables and at least two independent variables.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the term: meta-analysis.

Output: Meta-analysis: answering a research question through the comparison of results from multiple studies.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the term: sample size.

Output: Sample size: the number of samples included in a study.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.


Input: Define the term: table of random numbers.

Output: Table of random numbers: a list of random numbers (usually computer-generated) that can be assigned to potential study samples and used to randomly select those who will participate in the study.

Section D: Relationships with other Professionals, stresses that counselors must respect different approaches to treatment and develop good working relationships and communications with colleagues so that services to the clients are enhanced. This section also addresses working with an interdisciplinary team, informing employers if inappropriate practices are observed, the selection and treatment of employees, and the provision and use of consultation services.