Input: T/F People who receive extremely low scores on IQ tests almost always perform better the second time around. This pattern can be attributed to statistical regression. [Primes]

Output: T

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research shows that people tend to engage in fewer cognitive errors and biases in everyday thinking -as a result of having had graduate training involving statistical reasoning, but not when they are simply encouraged to carefully consider different alternatives. -when they are encouraged to carefully consider different alternatives, but not as a result of having had graduate training involving statistical reasoning. -both as a result of graduate training involving statistical reasoning, and when they are encouraged to carefully consider different alternatives. -neither as a result of having had graduate training involving statistical reasoning, nor when they are encouraged to carefully consider different alternatives. [Primes]

Output: -both as a result of graduate training involving statistical reasoning, and when they are encouraged to carefully consider different alternatives.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Wing Tung is reading his textbook for history class. At the end of each paragraph, he stops and asks himself what the paragraph was about. Once he feels like he knows that, he goes on. Wing Tung is using ____ to improve his thinking. -meta-cognition -contamination -conjunction -attribution [Primes]

Output: -meta-cognition

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When researchers survey men and women about the number of sex partners they have had, they tend to find that men report far more partners than women—which would seem to be logically impossible. However, researchers have also found that -the difference is largely due to men misremembering (and overestimating) the number of sexual partners that they have had. -men and women seem to use different techniques to count sex partners, and seem to define "sex" slightly differently. -the difference completely goes away when people are surveyed anonymously. -the difference completely goes away when homosexual sex and prostitution are accounted for. [Primes]

Output: -men and women seem to use different techniques to count sex partners, and seem to define "sex" slightly differently.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Suppose that you have a certain idea about what a tropical island should be like: It should be a tourist destination, have palm trees, enjoy a warm climate, and contain plenty of bars that serve cocktails with paper umbrellas. Your general understanding of what a tropical island is all about is MOST clearly an example of -a script. -a schema. -a heuristic. -magical thinking. [Primes]

Output: -a schema.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Harold Kelley's attribution theory is sometimes called -the attribution ring. -the attribution pyramid. -the attribution tree. -the attribution cube. [Primes]

Output: -the attribution cube.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The state of having too much information to make a decision or remain informed about a topic is known as -statistical regression (regression to the mean). -the gambler's fallacy. -the conjunction fallacy. -information overload. [Primes]

Output: -information overload.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to the false consensus effect, most people -overestimate the degree to which others share their attitudes and opinions. -overestimate the degree to which other people all agree with one another in general in terms of attitudes and opinions. -underestimate the degree to which others share their attitudes and opinions. -underestimate the degree to which other people all agree with one another in general in terms of attitudes and opinions. [Primes]

Output: -overestimate the degree to which others share their attitudes and opinions.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to the attribution theorist Harold Kelley, people make attributions for others' behaviors -according to the covariation principle. -based on how they believe they themselves would behave. -largely based on what they have been recently primed with. -using counterfactual thinking. [Primes]

Output: -according to the covariation principle.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The attribution theorist Harold Kelley proposed that people make use of three types of information when they make attributions for others' behaviors— -uniqueness, variance, and distribution. -base rate, representativeness, and availability. -temporal sequence, context, and convenience. -consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness. [Primes]

Output: -consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Whenever Yael thinks about bad things happening to her ex-boyfriend, she gets "creeped out;" she feels like she will actually make bad things happen to him just by thinking about it. This is an example of -magical thinking -illusory correlation -statistical regression -illusion of control [Primes]

Output: -magical thinking

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When William James spoke of "wakening the associations," he was referring to -knowledge structures. -priming. -framing. -simulation. [Primes]

Output: -priming.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to a study in Europe, women who take their husband’s name tend to earn about __ as much as women who keep their birth name -25% -50% -75% -105% [Primes]

Output: -75%

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research on the anchoring and adjustment heuristic indicates that -people usually do not "adjust" enough away from their anchors. -people usually "adjust" too much away from their anchors. -people will not engage in this heuristic if they know that the anchors are arbitrary. -people will not engage in this heuristic if they know that it can lead to faulty decisions. [Primes]

Output: -people usually do not "adjust" enough away from their anchors.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T/F The self-serving bias refers to people's tendency to think that others are more similar to them than they really are when it comes to their faults and weaknesses. [Primes]

Output: F

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An attribution is -a knowledge structure. -a causal explanation. -a type of heuristic. -an expectation. [Primes]

Output: -a causal explanation.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: You have just spent the afternoon volunteering in the post-anesthesia recovery unit at the local hospital, helping patients with a variety of ailments. Even though you are not actually ill at all, as you walk home from the hospital you do so with a slight limp, and begin lightly coughing. What phenomenon is MOST likely to be responsible for this? -attribution -priming -framing -scripting [Primes]

Output: -priming

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The false consensus effect, the illusory correlation, and the first instinct fallacy are all examples of topics in __________ research. -attribution theory -social cognition -motivation -prejudice [Primes]

Output: -social cognition

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Counterregulation is BEST described as -the "what the heck" effect. -the "I am monitoring myself better than you are" effect. -the "monkey says monkey do" effect. -the "I knew it all along" effect. [Primes]

Output: -the "what the heck" effect.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Given the research on cognitive errors and biases, it can be concluded that -people are not nearly as smart as they are usually given credit for. -people can be extremely unpredictable in terms of when and why they will engage in rational versus irrational decision-making styles. -people rely on irrational thinking the vast majority of the time, but are still capable of engaging in careful, conscious thought when they need to make important decisions. -These errors are extremely serious, and tend to have cumulatively biasing effects across time. [Primes]

Output: -people rely on irrational thinking the vast majority of the time, but are still capable of engaging in careful, conscious thought when they need to make important decisions.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Yogurt that is "low fat" can be described as "95% fat free" or as "5% fatty." That is, it can be __________ in different ways. -framed -primed -scripted -simulated [Primes]

Output: -framed

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, many people were stranded without access to food, shelter, or other resources. This is because many of them were extremely poor, did not own cars or phones, and did not have friends or family nearby; it was virtually impossible for them to evacuate the hurricane area when they heard the hurricane warnings. However, some people who saw media reports on the hurricane victims did not understand this. These people thought: "Why didn't everyone simply take the family minivan and go stay with family somewhere?" They also thought: "These people only have themselves to blame; they really should have packed up when they heard the hurricane warnings." It appears that, in making these kinds of interpretations, such people were actually making -downward social comparisons. -upward social comparisons. -the ultimate attribution error. -the fundamental attribution error. [Primes]

Output: -the ultimate attribution error.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The fundamental attribution error is sometimes also known as -the correspondence bias. -the ultimate attribution error. -the self-serving error. -the covariation principle. [Primes]

Output: -the correspondence bias.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mr. X thinks that George W. Bush became president of the U.S. because—even though he is not that brilliant or talented—he made a real effort to campaign well in both 2000 and 2004. But Mr. Y thinks that George W. only became president because he was "in the right place at the right time," and had good luck. Social psychologists would say that Mr. X is making __________ attributions for Bush's success, while Mr. Y is making __________ attributions. -internal and unstable, external and unstable -external and unstable, external and stable -internal and stable, external and unstable -external and unstable, external and stable [Primes]

Output: -internal and unstable, external and unstable

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The so-called "Sports Illustrated jinx"—the tendency for athletes to experience a dip in performance directly after appearing on the cover of Sports Illustrated—can be BEST explained by -statistical regression. -magical thinking. -illusory correlation. -the base rate fallacy. [Primes]

Output: -statistical regression.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which of the following is an explanation for the false consensus effect, but not an explanation for the false uniqueness effect? -People use themselves as an "anchor" when judging others. -People want to feel good about themselves. -People want to feel that they are consistent across time. -People tend to ignore base rate information when making probability estimates. [Primes]

Output: -People use themselves as an "anchor" when judging others.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In informal surveys, people always overestimate the number of lesbians who have AIDS. Lesbians actually have extremely low rates of AIDS, but people tend to associate lesbians with gay men (who have relatively high rates). Thus, people tend to think that they see a lesbian-AIDS relationship when in fact there is no such relationship. This is a good example of: -the false consensus effect. -the illusory correlation. -the belief in a just world hypothesis. -the contrast effect. [Primes]

Output: -the illusory correlation.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: People who have severe brain damage sometimes approach objects in the world as if they are seeing them for the first time. That is, instead of seeing a "chair," for example, these people see "a wooden object with four legs." Similarly, instead of seeing two dogs, such people might see "a small tan animal with fur and a large brown object with its tongue hanging out." It appears that people with this kind of brain damage do not have schemas. have inaccurate schemas. do not use heuristics. have inaccurate heuristics. [Primes]

Output: do not have schemas.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research on the brain sizes of humans and other animals shows that humans have larger brains than any other animal. humans have larger brains proportionate to their body size than any other animal. humans have the largest area of cortex proportionate to their body size than any other animal. humans have larger brains than any other animal, humans have larger brains proportionate to their body size than any other animal, and humans have the largest area of cortex proportionate to their body size than any other animal. [Primes]

Output: humans have the largest area of cortex proportionate to their body size than any other animal.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Attribution theory is MOST concerned with how people make decisions among a set of choices. how people form scripts and schemas. how people explain everyday events. how people make predictions about future events. [Primes]

Output: how people explain everyday events.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T/F The tendency to think that all African Americans are likely to be great athletes because LeBron James (2008-09 NBA League MVP) is such a great athlete illustrates the illusory correlation. [Primes]

Output: T

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The paradoxical effects of thought suppression have been linked to psychological disorders such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective personality disorder. phobias, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. bipolar disorder and hypomania. histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. [Primes]

Output: phobias, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, when consistency and consensus are both perceived to be low, then people tend to make internal attributions. then people tend to make external attributions. then people tend to make internal attributions if distinctiveness is perceived to be high, but external attributions if distinctiveness is perceived to be low. then it is unclear what type of attributions people will make. [Primes]

Output: then it is unclear what type of attributions people will make.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Yesi and her boyfriend have just broken up, and Yesi has been deeply upset about the breakup for several days. She is trying to take her mind off of her ex-boyfriend, though, and to focus her attention on other things instead. However, if this attempted thought suppression results in ironic processing, then Yesi will end up wanting to get back together with her boyfriend. being more angry with her boyfriend than she was before. thinking about her boyfriend even more than she was before. dating someone she doesn't really like that much "on the rebound." [Primes]

Output: thinking about her boyfriend even more than she was before.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When people encounter information that is at odds with an existing schema they simply rely on that information (and ignore their schema). they incorporate that information into their existing schema. they tend to ignore that information, or else the information sparks conscious thought about the topic at hand. they simply create a new schema altogether. [Primes]

Output: they tend to ignore that information, or else the information sparks conscious thought about the topic at hand.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The Stroop test is a psychological test that highlights the distinction between automatic thinking and controlled thinking. the tendency for ironic processes to occur in the wake of attempted thought suppressions. the fact that thinking is guided by three different types of goals. the tendency for people to make the fundamental attribution error. [Primes]

Output: the distinction between automatic thinking and controlled thinking.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which of the following is the BEST example of a gain-framed appeal? Working out daily will help you maintain good health. Failure to work out daily will risk health consequences. People who don’t work out enough tend to struggle with their weight. If you don’t work out, you might lose muscle mass. [Primes]

Output: Working out daily will help you maintain good health.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Social psychologists use the term __________ to refer to activating a concept in mind. priming framing schematizing attribution [Primes]

Output: priming

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The covariation principle was proposed by Harold Kelley. True False [Primes]

Output: T

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The false consensus effect refers to the tendency for people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them. underestimate the number of people who agree with them. rely too heavily on the primacy effect. not rely heavily enough on the primacy effect. [Primes]

Output: overestimate the number of people who agree with them.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Fritz Heider analyzed what he called "common sense psychology"—the ways in which people explain everyday events. He suggested that most people explain everyday events in terms of either __________ or __________. stable factors, unstable factors internal factors, external factors global factors, specific factors consistency factors, distinctiveness factors [Primes]

Output: internal factors, external factors

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Recall the "Castro study" conducted by Jones and Harris. In this study, participants were asked to read an essay that was supposedly written by another student. The essay was always about Castro, but it was either pro-Castro or anti-Castro. Also, participants were told either (a) that the essay-writer got to choose which side to take (pro- or anti-), or (b) that the essay-writer was ASSIGNED to one side or the other. The researchers found that participants made the fundamental attribution error—but only for the pro-Castro essays. participants made the fundamental attribution error—but only for the anti-Castro essays. participants made the fundamental attribution error for both types of essays. participants only made the fundamental attribution error when they themselves had strong views about Castro. [Primes]

Output: participants made the fundamental attribution error for both types of essays.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The older students get, the more variance there is in their reading test scores. This pattern can be attributed to statistical regression. True False [Primes]

Output: F

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Raquel buys stock in two different companies. She makes $2000 from one of these investments, but loses $3000 on the other one. If you ask Raquel about her stocks, she makes self-serving attributions; she says: "I was very clever to invest in that first company, but I just had bad luck losing so much money with the other one." In other words, she makes internal attributions in both cases. she makes external attributions in both cases. she makes an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. she makes an internal attribution for the $3000 loss, but an external attribution for the $2000 earning. [Primes]

Output: she makes an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Quite understandably, students are often more upset about missing an exam question when they had previously circled the correct answer—and then changed it to an incorrect answer—as opposed to when they had chosen an incorrect answer all along. This is MOST directly related to the representativeness heuristic. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. the simulation heuristic. the confirmation bias. [Primes]

Output: the simulation heuristic.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Raquel buys stock in two different companies. She makes $2000 from one of these investments, but loses $3000 on the other one. If Raquel is like most people, then she will MOST likely make internal attributions in both cases. make external attributions in both cases. make an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. make an internal attribution for the $3000 loss, but an external attribution for the $2000 earning. [Primes]

Output: make an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The _________ is also known as the better-than-average effect and the Lake Wobegon effect. gain-loss effect ultimate attribution error false uniqueness effect self-fulfilling prophecy [Primes]

Output: false uniqueness effect

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How does the fundamental attribution error (FAE) differ from the actor-observer effect (AOE)? They make opposite predictions. They make similar predictions, but the FAE focuses on attributions that we make about others, while the AOE concerns attributions that we make about ourselves. They make similar predictions, but the FAE focuses on attributions that we make about ourselves, while the AOE concerns attributions that we make about others. They make similar predictions, but the FAE focuses on attributions that we make about others, while the AOE concerns attributions that we make about others AND attributions that we make about ourselves. [Primes]

Output: They make similar predictions, but the FAE focuses on attributions that we make about others, while the AOE concerns attributions that we make about others AND attributions that we make about ourselves.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A prime is a stimulus that activates further processing of the same or related stimuli. a way in which an argument is positioned. a causal explanation for your own behavior. a causal explanation for someone else's behavior. [Primes]

Output: a stimulus that activates further processing of the same or related stimuli.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Within the field of social cognition, the term "priming" refers to modeling a behavior for someone else. activating a concept in the mind. imitating a behavior. engaging in a behavior without conscious awareness. [Primes]

Output: activating a concept in the mind.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Montana and Sarah are playing cards. Montana has a great hand—four aces—while Sarah's hand is just average—a 2 of hearts, a 3 of spades, a 5 of spades, and a 7 of clubs. Even though the statistical probability of both hands is the same, many people (incorrectly) assume that Montana's exact hand is rarer than Sarah's exact hand. This common misconception stems most directly from the base rate fallacy. the representativeness heuristic. the availability heuristic. the false consensus effect. [Primes]

Output: the representativeness heuristic.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: People who think they have a “hot hand” after winning five poker hands in a row tend to think that it is more likely they will win the next hand than it actually is. it is more likely they will lose the next hand than it actually is. they are equally likely to win versus lose the next hand. their winning is due to having better traits than others. [Primes]

Output: it is more likely they will win the next hand than it actually is.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Jules and Jim are reading a book review about a book that both of them have read. Jules hated the book, and seems to feel that the reviewer also hated it. Meanwhile, Jim thought the book was witty and provocative, and he seems to think that the reviewer shares HIS views. It seems as though both Jules and Jim are "seeing" different things when reading the book review. That is, both of them seem to be engaging in the confirmation bias. the self-fulfilling prophecy. the false consensus effect. the illusory correlation. [Primes]

Output: the confirmation bias.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sometimes people blow on dice when playing a board game to make sure they get the numbers they need to advance in the game. When people believe they can affect the dice by blowing on them they are experiencing the gambler’s fallacy. illusory correlation. conjunction fallacy. illusion of control. [Primes]

Output: illusion of control.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: People are faster to classify the target word "flower" when it is preceded by the word "plant" than when it is preceded by the word "elephant." This effect is due to attribution. priming. simulation. counterregulation. [Primes]

Output: priming.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hilder is on the so-called "South Beach diet", which restricts her from eating foods that are high in carbohydrates (e.g., white bread, potato chips, and pretzels). The more Hilder thinks about the fact that she cannot eat such foods, however, the more desperately she begins to crave them. Social psychologists refer to this kind of pattern as an oxymoronic attribution. ironic process. paradoxical activation. odd activation. [Primes]

Output: ironic process.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: People generally prefer to conserve effort by relying on automatic modes of thought (rather than conscious modes of thought) whenever they can. That is, people tend to rely on base rates. avoid using scripts. make upward comparisons rather than downward comparisons. be cognitive misers. [Primes]

Output: be cognitive misers.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Suppose that you are at a departmental meeting at work, and one of your co-workers starts screaming at you and calling you a "stupid freak." This is very shocking to you. Your mind races to determine whether to make an internal attribution ("Is this guy just crazy?") or an external attribution ("Did I say something to provoke him?"). One thing you ask yourself is whether you have ever seen him explode in anger at anyone else, or in other kinds of situations. That is, one of the things you ask about is consistency information. consensus information. distinctiveness information. priming information. [Primes]

Output: distinctiveness information.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to research on the actor-observer effect, people have a tendency to make relatively more __________ for their own behaviors but relatively more __________ for others' behaviors. internal attributions, external attributions external attributions, internal attributions stable attributions, unstable attributions unstable attributions, stable attributions [Primes]

Output: external attributions, internal attributions

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A gain-framed appeal focuses on framing something in terms. negative positive neutral truthful [Primes]

Output: positive

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A loss-framed appeal focuses on the upside of a behavior’s consequences. downside of a behavior’s consequences. most accurate portrayal of a behavior’s consequences. priming of thoughts. [Primes]

Output: downside of a behavior’s consequences.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The opposite of a cognitive miser would be someone who does not care what other people think. tends to share his or her ideas freely with others. carefully and rationally thinks about each and every decision. rarely compares himself or herself with peers. [Primes]

Output: carefully and rationally thinks about each and every decision.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When most people think of the concept "sleeping," they also tend to think about concepts like "dreaming," "being tired," and "yawning." That is, when they think about "sleeping," related concepts are __________. framed scripted counterregulated primed [Primes]

Output: primed

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Three-year-old children tend to think that the Stroop test is really easy, as compared to 6-year-old children, 12-year-old children, or adults. This is because, in general, 3-year-olds do not have fully formed schemas. do not know how to read. have not made lasting associations between colors and particular objects. are less likely to rely on automatic processing. [Primes]

Output: do not know how to read.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which of the following kinds of thinking can help explain the first instinct fallacy? ironic processing counterfactual thinking magical thinking automatic processing [Primes]

Output: counterfactual thinking

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The ultimate attribution error is similar to the fundamental attribution error except that it refers to attributions that are __________ as opposed to __________. extreme, moderate made in advance (as predictions), made after a behavior has occurred (as explanations) made about groups, made about individuals made about oneself, made about others [Primes]

Output: made about groups, made about individuals

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Counterregulation occurs when people indulge in a behavior they are trying to regulate after an initial regulation failure. True False [Primes]

Output: True

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: It would not be surprising if people overestimated the likelihood for celebrity marriages to end in divorce, since celebrity divorces tend to be highly publicized (while happy celebrity marriages do not as easily make front page news). The overestimation could be explained in terms of the representativeness heuristic. the availability heuristic. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. information overload [Primes]

Output: the availability heuristic.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Social cognition refers to a movement within social psychology that focuses on how individuals think about social relationships and about other people. group thinking and group decision-making. cross-cultural differences in how people think and problem-solve. conformity, obedience, and crowd mentalities [Primes]

Output: how individuals think about social relationships and about other people.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The so-called "self-serving bias" refers to the tendency for people to take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures. remember cases in which they succeeded but forget cases in which they failed. notice when they are better than others at things, but fail to notice when they are worse than others at things. think that their personal skills, traits, and characteristics are more valuable and desirable than they really are. [Primes]

Output: take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The first instinct fallacy refers to the false belief that it is better not to change one's first answer even if one starts to think that a different answer is correct. True False [Primes]

Output: T

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research indicates that __________ and __________ are the two main motivations underlying the self-serving bias. self-enhancement, self-presentation self-enhancement, consistency self-presentation, social comparison consistency, social comparison [Primes]

Output: self-enhancement, self-presentation

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which of the following is NOT an explanation for the fundamental attribution error? Behavior is more noticeable than situational factors. People are cognitive misers and internal attributions are easier. Language is richer in situation-type terms than trait terms. People assign insufficient weight to situational causes even when they are aware of them. [Primes]

Output: Language is richer in situation-type terms than trait terms.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The "correspondence bias" is another term that is used to refer to the ultimate attribution error. the self-serving error. the covariation principle. the fundamental attribution error. [Primes]

Output: the fundamental attribution error.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The fact that men and women report having had very different numbers of sex partners can be almost completely explained by the fact that men have engaged in more homosexual sex. True False [Primes]

Output: F

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research demonstrates that, in counterfactual thinking, people engage in far more __________ than __________. upward counterfactuals, downward counterfactuals downward counterfactuals, upward counterfactuals counterfactuals about past events, counterfactuals about future events counterfactuals about future events, counterfactuals about past events [Primes]

Output: upward counterfactuals, downward counterfactuals

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The belief that one should not change an answer on a test, even if additional consideration h as led one to believe another answer might be the correct one, is called the false consensus effect. magical thinking. contamination. first instinct fallacy. [Primes]

Output: first instinct fallacy.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: "Heuristic" is another word for copy. opposite. extreme. shortcut. [Primes]

Output: shortcut.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Even though stomach cancer kills more people than plane crashes do, most people tend to assume that plane crashes cause more deaths. This misconception seems to arise from __________, since plane crash fatalities tend to be widely publicized and are therefore relatively easy for people to bring to mind. the representativeness heuristic. the availability heuristic. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. information overload [Primes]

Output: the availability heuristic.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Jacob is taking his psych test. He answers question #31 with “D” but isn’t sure about it. After answering all the other questions, he goes back to 31 and starts to believe that perhaps “C” was the right answer. He decides to stick with “D” probably because of downward counterfactual thinking. upward counterfactual thinking. debiasing. the first instinct fallacy. [Primes]

Output: the first instinct fallacy.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The illusion of control tends to produce more risky behavior. more conservative behavior. covariation. distinctiveness. [Primes]

Output: more risky behavior.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Your friend Roger has recently been promoted at work to senior vice president. If you made an internal, unstable attribution for Roger's promotion, then you might think to yourself "Roger probably worked really hard to get that promotion!" "Roger is just brilliant; everything he touches turns to gold!" "Well, there is nothing that special about Roger; anyone with his background could have gotten that position." "There is nothing that special about Roger at all; I think the promotion was a fluke; he seems to have gotten plain lucky!" [Primes]

Output: "Roger probably worked really hard to get that promotion!"

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The field of social cognition first emerged in the __________ as __________. 1920s, a discipline that predated and helped to spur the development of cognitive psychology. 1920s, a discipline that predated and helped to spur the development of, social psychology. 1970s, a movement within social psychology. 1970s, a discipline that is replacing social psychology. [Primes]

Output: 1970s, a movement within social psychology.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The belief that people can control totally chance situations is the illusion of control. fundamental attribution error. availability heuristic. first instinct fallacy. [Primes]

Output: illusion of control.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When you go to a restaurant, you know that there is a certain sequence of things that you need to do: (a) wait to be seated, (b) order, (c) eat, and then (d) pay. In other words, you have a __________ for what needs to be done at restaurants. frame heuristic schema script [Primes]

Output: script

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, people are MOST likely to make internal attributions for others' behaviors when consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness are all perceived to be low. consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness are all perceived to be high. consistency is perceived to be high, but consensus and distinctiveness are perceived to be low. distinctiveness is perceived to be high, but consistency and consensus are perceived to be low. [Primes]

Output: consistency is perceived to be high, but consensus and distinctiveness are perceived to be low.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Why did the clown park his car in a red zone, where he might get a ticket? If you assume it is because his car happened to break down right then and there, in the red zone, then you have made an internal attribution. an external attribution. the fundamental attribution error. the ultimate attribution error. [Primes]

Output: an external attribution.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency for people to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease with which they can imagine or mentally visualize it is known as the representativeness heuristic. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. the simulation heuristic. the confirmation bias. [Primes]

Output: the simulation heuristic.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A psychologist who performs research on social cognition would be MOST likely to study the tendency for people to assume that their faults are more common and widespread than they really are. the tendency for people to comply with authority figures even when they know that what they are doing is wrong. the tendency for people to feel deindividuated, or anonymous, when they participate in large, tight-knit groups. d. male-female differences in the content of same-gender relationships. [Primes]

Output: the tendency for people to assume that their faults are more common and widespread than they really are.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research indicates that __________ engage in counterfactual thinking; and that __________ engage in meta-cognition. both humans and other animals, both humans and other animals both humans and other animals, only humans only humans, both humans and other animals only humans, only humans [Primes]

Output: only humans, only humans

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The so-called "gambler's fallacy" refers to the (false) belief that chance events are affected by previous events, and that chance events will "even out" across a relatively short period of time. the (false) belief that one is far more skilled or gifted than others are. the (false) belief that one can control or change situations that are completely (or almost completely) due to chance. the tendency to compare oneself to people who are far, far worse off in order to feel better about oneself. [Primes]

Output: the (false) belief that chance events are affected by previous events, and that chance events will "even out" across a relatively short period of time.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research indicates that the topic people think about MOST is other people. sex. work. money. [Primes]

Output: other people.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What percent of women in Western countries change their last names to adopt their husband’s last name when they marry? 25% 50% 75% 90% [Primes]

Output: 75%

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: You flip a coin ten times in a row. Every single time it comes up heads. On the eleventh flip, is it more likely to be heads, tails, or are heads and tails equally likely ? If you are a hot hand player, you will answer heads. tails. heads and tails are equally likely. that you need time to think it over. [Primes]

Output: heads.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When people make the fundamental attribution error about entire groups of people (as opposed to individuals), psychologists say that they are making the ultimate attribution error. True False [Primes]

Output: T

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Suppose that you meet an old man named Al. You have no idea how old he is. To try to guess his age you start with your grandfather's age (80), and then add on a few years since Al seems to be a little older. That is, you make use of priming. counterfactual thinking. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. the simulation heuristic. [Primes]

Output: the anchoring and adjustment heuristic.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The automatic system of the duplex mind makes use of a series of mental shortcuts in order to obtain quick information about the likelihood of different outcomes. These shortcuts are known as heuristics. scripts. attributions. schemas. [Primes]

Output: heuristics.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Suppose that Greg and Marsha both apply for a prestigious scholarship program, and both get rejected. Greg finds out that his application was flat out rejected (he never had a chance), while Marsha finds out that she was the first runner up (she nearly won). Who is likely to be more disappointed? Why? Greg—because of the simulation heuristic Greg—because of the confirmation bias Marsha—because of the simulation heuristic Marsha—because of the confirmation bias [Primes]

Output: Marsha—because of the simulation heuristic

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Suppose that you are a landlord for an apartment building, and one of your tenants, Gus, has just paid his rent with a "bad check" (i.e., you tried to deposit his rent check in the bank, but the check "bounced" and was returned to you). According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, in determining what type of attribution to make for this event, one of the questions you are likely to ask yourself is: "Has Gus ever given me a 'bad check' before?" That is, one of the things you are likely to ask about is consistency information. consensus information. distinctiveness information. priming information. [Primes]

Output: consistency information.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Roger is a member of his town's most exclusive country club. He plays golf, has a private stable with horses, owns a jet, and is thinking about buying an island. He also drives a Ferrari and a Lamborghini, and only stays at top-tier hotels like the Ritz Carlton and the Four Seasons. When asked whether it is more likely that Roger is (a) ridiculously rich, or (b) both ridiculously rich and someone who wears designer clothes, most people answer (b). By choosing (b), people are engaging in the base rate fallacy. the conjunction fallacy. the illusory correlation. counterfactual thinking. [Primes]

Output: the conjunction fallacy.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The Stroop test can be thought of as a demonstration of the difference between automatic and controlled thinking. the tendency for nature to say "go" and culture to say "stop." the tendency for people to "put people first." the idea that the human brain evolved to effectively relate to other people. [Primes]

Output: the difference between automatic and controlled thinking.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: One explanation for the false consensus effect is that people use their own attitudes and behaviors as "anchors" for predicting others' attitudes and behaviors. True False [Primes]

Output: T

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Ingrid is highly educated, nerdy, and outspoken. She loves to read, surf the web, hike, go camping, and cook vegetarian meals. When asked whether it is more likely that Ingrid is (a) a teacher, or (b) both politically liberal and a teacher, most people answer (b). By choosing (b), however, most people are committing the base rate fallacy. the conjunction fallacy. the illusory correlation. counterfactual thinking. [Primes]

Output: the conjunction fallacy.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: As a child, the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy was once challenged by his older brother to remain standing in a corner until he could stop thinking of a white bear. That is, he was challenged to engage in ironic processing. thought suppression. the confirmation bias. magical thinking. [Primes]

Output: thought suppression.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Confucius just fell down a flight of stairs. One of his disciples makes an internal attribution for the fall. What might this disciple be thinking? "Someone probably pushed Confucius!" "The stairs were probably very slippery!" "Confucius is so clumsy!" "I would have fallen if I were in his position!" [Primes]

Output: "Confucius is so clumsy!"

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In a national poll conducted by ABC News, men reported an average of sex partners and women reported an average of sex partners. twenty, six six, twenty ten, ten ten, five [Primes]

Output: "Confucius is so clumsy!"

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The so-called illusory correlation can MOST directly help explain why people tend to think that they are "better than average" on most traits and abilities. why people tend to overestimate the degree to which members of minority groups engage in criminal behaviors. why people tend to continue to gamble even when they have hit an "unlucky streak." why people tend to assume that it is more common for people to die from plane crashes than from lung cancer. [Primes]

Output: why people tend to overestimate the degree to which members of minority groups engage in criminal behaviors.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Polina is 3 years old. She is just beginning to understand concepts such as "dog," "cat," "chair," and "sofa," and to understand how these concepts differ from one another. In other words, she is just beginning to employ framing. to use heuristics. to develop schemas. to develop scripts. [Primes]

Output: to develop schemas.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: People tend to want to explore MOST issues thoroughly before making decisions. True False [Primes]

Output: F

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which of the following will NOT help debias someone’s thinking? Having them take a statistical reasoning class. Training them how to think reflectively on their problem-solving strategies. Asking someone to make their decision rules explicit. Encouraging people to rely more on their memories. [Primes]

Output: Encouraging people to rely more on their memories.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research indicates that people are especially likely to engage in the false consensus effect when it comes to __________, and especially likely to engage in the false uniqueness effect when it comes to __________. their undesirable characteristics, their desirable characteristics their desirable characteristics, their undesirable characteristics their unusual characteristics, their more common characteristics their more common characteristics, their unusual characteristics [Primes]

Output: their undesirable characteristics, their desirable characteristics

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The ultimate attribution error refers to the tendency for people to make internal attributions to explain other individuals' behaviors. one's own behaviors. the behaviors of a close other. the behaviors of a group. [Primes]

Output: the behaviors of a group.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When people want to suppress a thought, the conscious mind works to keep a lookout for anything that might remind them of the unwanted thought. redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought. "numb" the mind so that people do not think any thoughts. "cover up" the unwanted thought with other, competing thoughts. [Primes]

Output: redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Before the rise of social cognition, the field of social psychology was dominated by the doctrine of behaviorism. the doctrine of humanism. Freudian theory. Neo-Freudian-theory. [Primes]

Output: redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When people make internal, stable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of ability or talent. effort or hard work. ease or difficulty of the task. luck or chance. [Primes]

Output: ability or talent.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When people want to suppress a thought, the automatic mind works to keep a lookout for anything that might remind them of the unwanted thought. redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought. "numb" the mind so that people do not think any thoughts. "cover up" the unwanted thought with other, competing thoughts. [Primes]

Output: keep a lookout for anything that might remind them of the unwanted thought.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency for people take credit for their successes but deny blame for their failures is known as the self-serving bias. unrealistic optimism. the fundamental attribution error. the actor-observer effect. [Primes]

Output: the self-serving bias.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Jorge just received an A+ on a physics exam. If you make an external attribution for this event, then you might well be thinking, "So what! The exam was really easy. I would have gotten an A+ too." "Well, I'm still not that impressed. All Jorge ever does is study. If I studied all the time I would get grades like that too." "Jorge must have some sort of natural gift for physics; he is really smart!" "Jorge is probably really good at physics, but I bet he does really badly in all of his other classes." [Primes]

Output: "So what! The exam was really easy. I would have gotten an A+ too."

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In theory, it would be possible for a child to have a script of one of his or her parents. himself or herself. what is involved in going to a restaurant. the advantages of cell phones over land lines. [Primes]

Output: what is involved in going to a restaurant.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Elenita is from a relatively sheltered background. When she goes to college, she meets a Hispanic student. This student is the only Hispanic person she has ever known. The student is very independent and outspoken on their first meeting. After that meeting, Elenita decides that Hispanics in general must be independent and outspoken. Elenita’s reaction illustrates the base-rate fallacy. false consensus effect. illusory correlation. one-shot illusory correlation. [Primes]

Output: one-shot illusory correlation.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: "If only I had decided to take a different route home... I wouldn't have hit that stupid tree and ended up getting this huge ticket! Argh!" This thought is an example of the false uniqueness effect. illusory correlation. magical thinking. counterfactual thinking. [Primes]

Output: counterfactual thinking.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all is known as the conjunction fallacy. the illusory correlation. the representativeness heuristic. the base rate fallacy. [Primes]

Output: the illusory correlation.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Within the field of social cognition, scripts can be thought of as more elaborate, or complex, versions of schemas. schemas about events. preliminary versions of schemas. finalized versions of schemas. [Primes]

Output: schemas about events.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Thinking about thinking is called magical thinking. meta-cognition. counterregulation. information overload. [Primes]

Output: meta-cognition.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A well-known test used in psychological research plays on the distinction between automatic and controlled processing. The test requires people to look at the written names of several colors ("green," "red," "blue," etc.)—names which are in all cases written in "non-matching" colors of ink (e.g., the word "green" might be written in red ink, while the word "red" might be written in yellow ink)—and to identify, as quickly as possible, the color in which each word is written. This test is known as the Stroop test. the Myers-Briggs test. the Rorschach Inkblots. the Implicit Association Test (IAT). [Primes]

Output: the Stroop test.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The simulation heuristic tends to invoke __________ thinking. debiasing magical counterregulatory counterfactual [Primes]

Output: counterfactual

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Suppose that you meet someone who is smart, adventurous, and highly knowledgeable about rockets and outer space. Even though there are not many astronauts in the world, you might immediately assume that this person is an astronaut just because he or she fits your image of what an astronaut is like. That is, you might __________ and rely on the __________. commit the base rate fallacy, representativeness heuristic commit the conjunction fallacy, representativeness heuristic engage in the confirmation bias, availability heuristic engage in the false consensus effect, availability heuristic [Primes]

Output: commit the base rate fallacy, representativeness heuristic

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: People tend to attribute their own behaviors to situational factors, but to attribute others' behaviors to dispositional factors. This pattern is known as the fundamental attribution error. the ultimate attribution error. the self-serving bias. the actor-observer effect. [Primes]

Output: the actor-observer effect.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Reducing errors and biasing by getting people to use controlled rather than automatic processing is called debiasing. meta-cognition. ironic processing. anchoring. [Primes]

Output: debiasing.

PSY330 - Chapter 5 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Respiration

Output: Inhalation or inspiration Exhalation or expiration

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: Respiratory system structures

Output: Nose and nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Pleural and mediastinal cavities

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: Nose, Nasal Cavities, and Paranasal Sinuses

Output: External nares Cilia Nasal cavity Nasal septum Olfactory neurons Paranasal sinuses

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: pharynx- Nasopharynx

Output: Internal nares Separated by nasal septum Eustachian tubes Adenoids and pharyngeal tonsils

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: pharynx- Oropharynx

Output: Palatine and lingual tonsils

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: pharynx- Laryngopharynx

Output: Opens into the larynx and esophagus

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: Larynx

Output: Adam’s apple Epiglottis Vocal cords Glottis


Input: Trachea

Output: Extends from the larynx to the bronchi Lined with mucous membranes and cilia Mainly muscle fibers C-shaped cartilage


Input: Bronchi

Output: Trachea divides into two primary bronchi Secondary and tertiary bronchi Bronchioles


Input: Lungs

Output: Top of lung is apex Bottom of lung is base Right lung Left Lung Alveoli and alveolar ducts Pulmonary capillaries


Input: Right Lung

Output: Three lobes Superior, middle, and inferior

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: Left Lung

Output: Two lobes Superior and inferior

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: Pleural cavity

Output: Surrounds the lungs Parietal and visceral pleura Pleural fluid

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: Mediastinal cavity

Output: Lies between the lungs Contains the heart, aorta, trachea, and esophagus

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: Bronchi/o; bronch/o

Output: bronchus

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: Bronchiol/o

Output: bronchioles; small bronchi


Input: Alveol/o

Output: alveoli; air sacs


Input: Adenoid/o

Output: adenoids


Input: Lob/o

Output: lobe


Input: Mediastin/o

Output: mediastinum


Input: Muc/o

Output: mucus


Input: Pector/o

Output: chest


Input: Phren/o

Output: diaphragm


Input: Pleur/a; pleur/o

Output: pleura; pleural cavity

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: Sinus/o

Output: sinuses


Input: Pneumon/o; pulmon/o; pneum/o

Output: lungs

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: Pneumat/o

Output: air; respiration


Input: Spir/o

Output: breathing


Input: Steth/o; Thorac/o

Output: chest

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: -graphy

Output: process of recording; producing images


Input: -phonia

Output: voice


Input: -pnea

Output: breathing


Input: -capnia

Output: carbon dioxide


Input: -sphyxia

Output: pulse


Input: -ptysis

Output: spitting


Input: -thorax

Output: chest


Input: Aging

Output: Costal cartilage hardens Thoracic cage becomes rigid Elasticity of the lungs diminishes Respiratory muscles weaken Cilia less active Coughing reflex diminishes


Input: Common Diseases

Output: Asthma Emphysema Lung cancer Pneumonia

Respiration Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air


Input: AP

Output: anteroposterior


Input: CXR

Output: chest X-ray


Input: IRV

Output: inspiratory reserve volume


Input: ERV

Output: expiratory reserve volume


Input: R

Output: respiration


Input: RV

Output: residual volume


Input: SOA

Output: shortness of air


Input: SOB

Output: shortness of breath


Input: PA

Output: posteroanterior


Input: PFT

Output: pulmonary function tests


Input: TV

Output: tidal volume


Input: URT

Output: upper respiratory tract


Input: URI

Output: upper respiratory infection


Input: LRI

Output: Lower respiratory infection


Input: T&A

Output: tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy (kids only)


Input: Accessory ligament of the head of the femur

Output: What keeps the horse from kicking out laterally?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Horse - pubic groove near acetabular notch Ruminant - acetabulum

Output: Where does the ligament of the head of the femur originate from in the horse? In the ruminant?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Prepubic tendon

Output: From where does the accessory ligament of the head of the femur originate in the horse?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Transverse acetabular ligament

Output: What ligament covers the acetabular notch?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Btw. greater and lesser trochanter, direct needle craniomedially to a depth of 11 to 12 cm yeah right

Output: Where is the coxofemoral joint injection done in the horse?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The base is the most proximal

Output: Which is more proximal, the base or the apex of the patella?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Medially

Output: Is the parapatellar fibrocartilage located medially or laterally?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True!

Output: T or F: The patella is the only sesamoid bone in the large animal stifle joint.


Input: Lateral, middle, medial In horse and ox

Output: What are the three patellar ligaments? Which animals are they found in?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Medial is most commonly torn (causes lateral patellar luxation)

Output: Which patellar cartilage is most commonly torn?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cranial and caudal meniscotibial ligaments

Output: Which ligaments course from the menisci to the tibia?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ONLY the meniscofemoral ligament! From the lateral meniscus!

Output: Which ligaments course from the menisci to the femur?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: On the medial trochlear ridge of the femur

Output: Where does the patella "lock" in the horse?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Gliding surface for progression Resting for standing squarely or walking Locking

Output: What are the three patellar positions?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Vastus medialis

Output: Which muscle is involved in the patellar locking mechanism?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Medial pouch usually does Lateral pouch does in 25% of horses

Output: Which of the synovial pouches of the femorotibial joint communicates with the femoropatellar joint?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dorsal to tibial crest btw. middle and medial patellar ligs.

Output: Where would the femoropatellar joint be injected in the horse?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: btw medial patellar ligament and the medial collatoral ligament

Output: Where would the medial femorotibial pouch be injected in the horse?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Between the lateral patellar ligament and the lateral collateral ligament

Output: Where would the lateral femorotibial pouch be injected in the horse?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Gonitis

Output: What term describes inflammation of the stifle?


Input: ...upward fixation of the patella

Output: Inability to unlock the patella is known as...

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Just one. :(

Output: How many patellar ligaments in the small ruminant?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Calcaneus Talus Fused tarsal 1 and 2 Central tarsal bone 3rd and 4th tarsal bones

Output: What are the bones of the equine tarsus?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lateral collateral ligament

Output: Which tarsal collateral ligament forms a canal for the lateral digital extensor tendon?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Long plantar ligament

Output: Curb is caused by inflammation of what structure?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Counteracts the pull of the common calcaneal tendon

Output: What is the function of the long plantar ligament?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tarsocrural (tarsotibial) Proximal intertarsal Distal intertarsal joint Tarsometatarsal joint

Output: What are the joints of the equine tarsus?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tarsocrural (tarsotibial) Proximal intertarsal

Output: Which joints of the equine tarsus communicate?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tarsocrural (tibiotarsal)

Output: Which joint of the equine carpus has the greatest mobility?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tarsocrural (tibiotarsal) joint

Output: Which tarsal joint are the four tarsal pouches associated with?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cunean tendon Peroneus tertius Medial collateral lig Medial malleolus

Output: What are the boundaries of the dorsomedial pouch?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: medial collateral lig DDF level of medial malleolus

Output: What are the boundaries of the Medioplantar pouch?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: lateral collateral lig btw long and lat digital ext tendon short digital ext

Output: What are the boundaries of the dorsolateral pouch?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: caudal to the lateral collateral lig btw calcaneus and lat malleolus

Output: What are the boundaries to the lateroplantar pouch?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dorsomedial pouch avoid cranial br. of the medial saphenous v.

Output: Where is the tarsocrural joint commonly injected? What structure must be avoided?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: medial surface of tarsus btw. distal tubercle of the talus and space btw metatarsals II and III proximally

Output: Where is the distal intertarsal joint injected?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: medial surface of tarsus under distal border of cunean tendon

Output: Where is the cunean bursa injected?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Plantarolateral aspect of tarsus insert needle proximal to head of metatarsal IV

Output: Where is the tarsometatarsal joint injected?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lateral and caudal heads of the DDF

Output: Which tendons do the tarsal sheath enclose?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Thoroughpin

Output: Inflammation of the tarsal sheath is called...


Input: Spavin!

Output: Osteoarthritis of the distal hock joints is known as...


Input: Stringhalt

Output: A neurological hyperflexion of joints of pelvic limb is called


Input: remove lateral digital extensor muscle insertion (less input to lateral collateral ligament)

Output: How can stringhalt be treated?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Patellar locking mechanism of the stifle

Output: What is the stifle component of the pelvic stay apparatus?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: SDF prevents flexion of hock

Output: What is the hock component of the pelvic stay apparatus?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Not much different. Pelvic limb has no prox check lig; SDF attaches directly to tuber calcanei Distal check ligament may not be present.

Output: How does the pelvic limb stay apparatus differ from that of the thoracic limb below the hock?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Calcaneus Talus Fused 2nd and 3rd tarsal bones Fused central and 4th tarsal bones

Output: What are the bones of the bovine tarsus?

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: As long as the equilibrium is maintained, an attack, however skilful, cannot succeed against correct defence. Such a defence will eventually necessitate the withdrawal and regrouping of the attacking pieces and the attacker will then inevitably suffer disadvantage.

Output: What does The Theory of Steinitz says about equilibrium ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: Correct play on both sides maintains this equilibrium and leads to a drawn game. Therefore a player can win only as a consequence of an error made by the opponent. (There is no such thing as a winning move.)

Output: What does The Theory of Steinitz says about winning in chess ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: When a sufficient advantage has been obtained, a player must attack or the advantage will be dissipated." The right to attack belongs to that side which has a positional advantage, and this is not only a right, but also a duty, otherwise there is the risk of losing the advantage. The attack is to be directed against the weakest spot in the opposing position.

Output: When does The Theory of Steinitz say about when and where player must attack ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: The defending side must be prepared to defend and make concessions, e.g making a weakening pawn move. However, the defender should avoid making concessions until forced, and then should make only the minimum concession necessary to meet the threats.

Output: What does The Theory of Steinitz says about defending ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "You improve (and your rating goes up) when you 1) learn a new pattern or principle or 2) when you identify a mistake and are able to avoid repeating it - not when you win a bunch of games." = adding positives and subtracting negatives. Figuring out how to identify and avoid repeating mistakes is one of the best things you can do!

Output: How does one improve in Chess ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "Play mostly opponents 100-200 points higher than you - you need to be punished for your mistakes so you won't make them again.".

Output: How else does one improve in Chess ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "Play as much as you can, especially slow chess - it helps you develop board vision." "*Don't be afraid of losing. Be afraid of playing a game and not learning something." Losing can be a great motivator if it helps you identify and correct things you are doing that cause the loss. "A good game is one where you learn something!"

Output: What's the right attitude to learn chess ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "Don't play a game or even a move if you don't feel like trying your best." You improve the most if you seek out the strongest competition, learn from your mistakes, but always play with confidence, win or lose. Fight hard every move - or resign! Always play your best... "If it wins, do it!" Don't worry about all the other guidelines on this page. You can make a complete mess of your position if you checkmate first or get up enough material.

Output: What's the right attitude to win a game ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "Chess is good for the brain - even for adults - no one has ever seen a senile chess player!"

Output: Is Chess good for the brain ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "If you see a good move, look for a better one - you are trying to find the BEST one."

Output: General though process , if you see a ..... ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "In 'Real Chess' you make sure you can meet all of your opponent's threats before he makes them; otherwise, it is 'Hope Chess.'"

Output: What's Real Chess ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: Hope Chess is not when you make a threat and you hope your opponent does not see it. Hope chess is when you make a move, wait for what your opponent does, and then hope you can meet his threats. "If you play a bad move and hope your opponent plays a worse one, that is not Hope Chess - that is bad (or "hopeful") chess!"

Output: What's Hope Chess ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "Always assume your opponent will make his best move. Never make a bad move and hope your opponent will make a worse one." But...When your opponent makes a move you have to assume it might be a mistake. So check to see if your opponent's previous move is safe, whether it no longer guards a piece, etc.

Output: What must I assume from my opponent ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: Players that play Hope Chess will never get very good because some threats cannot be met."

Output: Players that play Hope Chess ..?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "*Playing chess is primarily a series of puzzles, move after move, where you have to take your time and solve the puzzle: 'What is the best move?'" "The primary goal of most moves is to make the best move you can find, given the time constraints." "The final, main part of a good thought process is proving that the move you think you are going to make results in a better position (assuming opponent's best play) than any other candidate move does!"

Output: What really is Chess ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "Write your move down before you make it and then take a fresh look around to look for the most obvious errors." This is called a Sanity Check. One move is only better than another if, considering your opponent's best replies, it leads to a position that is better than the position to which the other move leads.

Output: What must be done before one moves ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: Pace yourself to use almost all your time every game." - this is an underrated and VERY IMPORTANT skill! A major time management goal is to identify critical moves and allocate more time to these. In general, the more tactical the position, the more critical it is, the more precise analysis is required, and slow play is required. Alternately, the less tactics in a position, the less critical it likely is, the more general principles can be used, and you can play relatively quickly. Your judgement won't improve in 10 minutes but your analysis should, so save your time for critical/tactical moves.

Output: What about playing with time constrains ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: Never play a bad move fast! (Unless you are in time trouble) It only takes one bad move to lose a game. So be careful on every move!

Output: What Never do ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: *"The most important principle in chess is SAFETY; second is ACTIVITY; everything else on the board is relatively unimportant." "Don't worry about winning or losing - worry about taking your time to find your best move every move."

Output: What are the most important principles ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "If you are losing and no longer are going to try to make your best move every move, resign and do something better with your time, like going over your game with your opponent or a good player." "The a-file is always on White's left - the first rank is always in front of White."

Output: If one is Losing a game ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "In the opening a player should play like a book, in the middle like a magician, and in the ending like a machine."

Output: In the beginning one should play like ...? In the middle ...? In the end ... ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "If you can capture with more than one pawn, usually capture toward the center." This is especially true if the capture was on a knight (b or g) file.

Output: When a choices of Capturing with tow pawns one should ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: When your opponent meets the threat (which he almost always will), the result is that your threatening move does more for you than his defending move does for him (i.e., the threat and reply is a net positive, or at least even, result for you. Otherwise you are making a bad gamble your opponent will not make his best move.), or When the threat cannot be met, or When you are losing badly; in this case you need to give your opponent opportunities to make key decisions so he might blunder and let you back in the game.

Output: What are The only three times you should make a threat ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: "Trade off your bad pieces/pawns for your opponent's good pieces/pawns." "If it wins, do it!" Don't worry about all the other guidelines on this page. You can make a complete mess of your position if you checkmate first or get up enough material. Donald Byrne rule: "If you see what looks like a mate, but instead you can easily win a lot of material, just take the material and mate later."

Output: How to trade off pieces ?

CHESS GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards - Cram.com

What does The Theory of Steinitz says about a preliminary before attacking beginning ?


Input: [1] Which of the following food groups ordinarily contains the highest amount of vitamins when expressed per kcalorie? [2]

Output: vegetables

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A general characteristic of the water-soluble vitamins is that they must be consumed frequently. [2]

Output: false

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An explanation why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy is that many of them function as coenzymes needed for energy metabolism [2]

Output: true

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A function of thiamin is the release of energy from energy-yielding nutrients [2]

Output: true

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Beriberi results from a deficiency of [2]

Output: thiamin

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following vitamins is involved substantially in energy transformation reactions [2]

Output: RIBOFLAVIN & B12

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Inflamed mouth membranes are indicative of a dietary deficiency of riboflavin. [2]

Output: TRUE

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following vitamins? [2]

Output: RIBOFLAVIN

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in Protein (such as those that lived in the southeastern part of the United States)? [2]

Output: PELLEGRA

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases bioavailability of biotin [2]

Output: EGGS

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Confusion and depression are the chief symptoms of early vitamin B6 deficiency [2]

Output: TRUE

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What vitamin is involved intensively in amino acid metabolism and therefore in protein synthesis? [2]

Output: B6

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A property of folate in nutrition is that folate requires vitamin B12 to function properly as vitamin B12 returns folate to its active form. [2]

Output: true

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A deficiency of which of the following vitamins results in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood, which then indicates a risk of Heart Disease? [2]

Output: VITAMIN B

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] . The appearance of vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms may be delayed due to high intake of supplements Of [2]

Output: folate

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Macrocytic anemia is associated with a deficiency of folate, as well as with a deficiency of B12 [2]

Output: TRUE

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following foods is highest in folate? [2]

Output: LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following is required for the absorption of dietary vitamin B12? [2]

Output: INTRINSIC FACTOR

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] . Inadequate intake is the most likely reason for the development of a vitamin B12 deficiency [2]

Output: TRUE

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin B12? [2]

Output: CHICKEN

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Because vitamin C can deactivate histamine, vitamin C supplements might be beneficial in treating the common cold. [2]

Output: true

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mishlee is looking to increase her dietary sources of vitamin C. However, she expresses a strong Dislike for all citrus fruits. Which of the following foods would you recommend she eat to give her Vitamin C? [2]

Output: VEGETABLES

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The syntheses of connective tissue, which is an important structural component of bones, skin and tendons are aided by [2]

Output: VITAMIN C

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The antioxidant that neutralizes peroxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids is: [2]

Output: VITAMIN C

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body? [2]

Output: BETA-CAROTENE

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Vitamin A plays an important role in growth of bones and teeth, synthesis of visual pigment, and maintaining mucous membranes. [2]

Output: TRUE

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The effects of vitamin A deficiency are most severe in what population group? [2]

Output: NEWBORNS

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating the condition called Night blindness [2]

Output: TRUE

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following compounds is known to function as a hormone? [2]

Output: VITAMIN D

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cholesterol serves as the major precursor for the body’s synthesis of vitamin D. [2]

Output: TRUE

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The body’s exposure to sunlight can allow the body to synthesize Vitamin K [2]

Output: FALSE

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in children is called [2]

Output: RICKETS

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Osteomalacia and rickets are conditions known to be caused by a deficiency of [2]

Output: VITAMIN E

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Vitamin E deficiencies are rarely observed in human beings the vitamin is widespread in foods [2]

Output: TRUE

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n) [2]

Output: ANTIOXIDANT

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] In what chief capacity does vitamin K function? [2]

Output: BLOOD CLOTTING

Vitamin Quiz Patton Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Sensory store] Atkinson and Shiffrin's dual store theory

Output: What is the modal model and who proposed it

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Stm is short and brief while LTM is more durable STM is limited while LTM is virtually unlimited Forgetting in STM occurs through displacement and replacement STM serves to transfer info into LTM through encoding

Output: What are the properties of the modal model?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Semantic memory Episodic memory

Output: What are the two basic divisions of the long term memory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Personal memory system contains temporal and contextual info of when and where

Output: What is episodic memory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Store of general knowledge contains facts, words, language and grammar

Output: What is semantic memory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Explicit memory tasks involve reporting on recall Implicit memory tasks involve recording rate of performance with out consciousness

Output: What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Procedural learning Priming

Output: Two ways in which implicit knowledge is tested?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Acquisition of generalized rules for performing tasks or procedure

Output: What is procedural learning characterized by?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Cognitive skills Motor Skills Perceptual Skills

Output: What are the different combination of skills required for procedural learning?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Procedural memory is divided into Semantic memory which divides into Episodic memory

Output: Tulving's theory of monohierarchy?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Priming effect on memory is a system which overlaps onto procedural and semantic memory

Output: What is the perceptual representation system tulving describes in his monohierarchy theory

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Division of memory into two parts Declarative and Non Declarative Episodic and Semantic fit into the first Procedural Priming Habits and Classical condition fit into the second

Output: What is Squires method of memory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Encoding Storage Retreival

Output: What are three stages of memory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Memories encoded in one state of consciousness are more accessible in the same state

Output: What is state dependent retrieval?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] the thalamus

Output: What part of the brain does N.A. have impaired?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] One memory system is hypothesized to exist Degree of cognitive processing determines whether something is remembered

Output: What is Depth of processing theory

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Deeper cognitive processing

Output: What type of processing leads to better retention in incidental learning?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Level of Depth processing

Output: Testing with two cognitive tasks where one required more attention than the other is a form of testing for what?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] No independent measures exist Term "depth" is unclear. Elaboration or distinctiveness?

Output: Two criticisms on Depth of Processing theory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Recall of cognitive process use during encoding will aid in retrieval process

Output: What is transfer appropriate processing theory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Explicit is done through elaborative processing Implicit is done through perceptual operations (recognition of items)

Output: How are explicit and implicit memory tested for in transfer appropriate theory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] 1. A neural network model, each neural unit can potentially connect to many others 2. Successive pairings of neurons strengthens connections 3. Neural Units can be activated much like a neuron- activation gradually fades to baseline 4. Threshold for activation: Multiple units may be required to activate a particular unit 5. There can be layers of activation: which deeper layers combine and summate to previous layers

Output: Five assumptions made by the connectionist model?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Nodes

Output: What is a different name for neural units?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Maximum activation minus Current activation times Delta Thus showing the learning curve

Output: What is the delta rule?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Semantic Memory Spatial learning in hippocampus Instrument response - outcome contingencies Classically conditioned associations

Output: What other sets of knowledge has the connectionist model been applied to?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Items are activated in their neural representations, then slowly decay to baseline Elaboration is the activation of multiple units

Output: How does the connectionist model describe short term memory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Encoding is the strengthening of connections Retrieval is the activation of retrieval cues, which activate relevant cues.

Output: Explain the encoding and retrieval patterns in stages of memory using the connectionist theory?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Cause related (physical or psychological) Time related (trauma)

Output: What are the two dimensions of amnesia

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Functional amnesia due to trauma

Output: What are psychogenic amnesia?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Retrograde amnesia

Output: Forgetting events before a trauma is called?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Anterograde amnesia

Output: Forgetting of events after trauma and inability to form memories?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Amnesic Syndrome

Output: Patients of what syndrome cannot form semantic memory, have trouble with episodic memory yet procedural memory remains intact?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Alcohol abuse Thiamine deficiency

Output: Korsakoff's syndrome is due to what?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: [Sensory store] Repression Emotional state dependence impeding recall Implicit memory, memory goes implicit

Output: Three explanations for amnesia of psychogenic amnesia?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?