Input: CONFIDENTIAL (or fiduciary) relationship exists ACTIVE participation in will preparation or execution DISPOSITION to exercise undue influence unnatural RESULT OPPORTUNITY to exercise undue influence undue BENEFIT to alleged wrongdoer SUSCEPTIBLE testator

Output: Wills - Undue Influence Factors to Consider only a CAD ROBS a rich testator.

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: Some - Specific devise or bequest Grantors - General legacy Die - Demonstrative legacy Really - Residuary gift Intestate - Intestate property SPECIFIC devise or bequest - particular items specified in the will GENERAL legacy - a sum of money to be paid out of any assets of the estate DEMONSTRATIVE legacy - a sum of money to be paid from a particular account or upon sale of a particular asset RESIDUARY gift - everything else not mentioned under a will with a residuary clause, distributed to the primary beneficiaries INTESTATE property - where there is no will, a lapse, disclaimer, no residuary clause, or the only will was successfully challenged (NOTE: most states disfavor intestacy--the court will interpret parol evidence to save any document that exists and adequately expresses the decedent's intent)

Output: Wills - Classification of Legacies and Devises Acrostic Some Grantors Die Really Intestate

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DIVORCE post-will ISSUE VARIANCE OBLITERATION slayer RESTRICTION CY PRES EXPRESS revocation ADEMPTION post-will MARRIAGE BEQUEST advancement UNIFORM Simultaneous Death Act SIGNATURE defaced HOLOGRAPHIC codicil DIVORCE / annulment (property passes as if the former spouse predeceased testator) post-will ISSUE (revoked as to that child) VARIANCE of provisions that increases a non-residuary gift or changes a beneficiary OBLITERATION by cancellation or physical act (burning or tearing) by RESTRICTION under slayer statute CY PRES modification of testator's bequest by the court to continue charitable purpose when impossible, impractical or wasteful to carry out as stated in the will EXPRESS revocation by subsequent properly executed instrument (including holographic will) ADEMPTION of property devised but not owned at death post-will MARRIAGE (as to surviving spouse's intestate share) BEQUEST advancement paid to beneficiary inter vivos (if gift exceeds intestate share, heir gets nothing) UNIFORM Simultaneous Death Act SIGNATURE of testator intentionally defaced HOLOGRAPHIC codicil modifying a holographic will

Output: Wills - Ways to Revoke the provisions of a Will DIVORCE will AMBUSH beneficiaries.

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: SOCIAL SECURITY HOMESTEAD ALLOWANCE FRACTIONAL TANGIBLE PRIVATE PENSION PLANS SOCIAL SECURITY HOMESTEAD laws secure the family home free of claims of creditors family ALLOWANCE awarded by probate court (statutory authorized maintenance and support during administration of will) FRACTIONAL share of decedent's estate (3% per year of marriage up to 50% under UPC; some states flat 1/3) TANGIBLE personal property set-aside as enumerated by statute PRIVATE PENSION PLANS paid as joint and survivor annuity to worker and spouse

Output: Wills - Surviving Spouse's Right to Elective Share A surviving spouse won't get the SHAFT Provided she takes her elective share.

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: US Savings Bonds APPOINTMENT to self SHAREHOLDER agreements gifts CAUSA mortis RETIREMENT benefits INTER VIVOS gifts w/in 1 yr POST-MARRIAGE jointly held property TOTTEN trust assets UNITED STATES savings bonds (jointly held) APPOINTMENT (to self) of trust res over which decedent had a general Power of Appointment (to give to anybody) SHAREHOLDER agreements entered into after the marriage restricting sale or testamentary disposition of testator's jointly held common stock revoking gifts CAUSA mortis not made in contemplation of death submit claims for decedent's RETIREMENT benefits INTER-VIVOS gifts, even to charity, if made within 1 year of testator's death for more than $10k POST-marriage jointly held property (real or personal) and bank accounts to the extent that spouse furnished consideration collect assets in TOTTEN trust accounts (payable-on-death)

Output: Wills - Ways for Surviving Spouse to Maximize Elective Share United Artists changed the SCRIPT. Now the surviving spouse gets a bigger elective share.

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: perfect SELF-DEFENSE INSANITY NEGLIGENT homicide

Output: Wills - Slayer Statute Exceptions A killer may still take if he acted without SIN.

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: In a dialog box, move to the previous option group [Tab]

Output: Shift tab


Input: Close a dialog box without saving any changes and close menus [Tab]

Output: Escape Cancel


Input: Enter a new line [Tab]

Output: New Line


Input: Enter a new paragraph [Tab]

Output: New Paragraph


Input: Go to the end of a line [Tab]

Output: Go to end of line


Input: Go to the beginning of a line [Tab]

Output: Go to start of line


Input: Enter a backspace [Tab]

Output: Backspace


Input: Enter a space [Tab]

Output: Space Bar


Input: Move the insertion point one space to the left [Tab]

Output: Move left a character


Input: Move the insertion point one space to the right [Tab]

Output: Move right a character


Input: Move the insertion point one word to the right [Tab]

Output: Move right a word


Input: Move the insertion point one word to the left [Tab]

Output: Move left a word


Input: Go up one line [Tab]

Output: Move up a line


Input: Go down one line [Tab]

Output: Move down a line


Input: Scroll up [Tab]

Output: Page up


Input: Scroll down [Tab]

Output: Page down


Input: Delete selected text [Tab]

Output: Delete that


Input: Select the next word [Tab]

Output: Select “word”


Input: Select text going backward [Tab]

Output: Select last line (or paragraph)


Input: Select text going forward [Tab]

Output: Select next line (or paragraph)


Input: Close a document [Tab]

Output: Click close


Input: Open a file [Tab]

Output: File open


Input: Select all [Tab]

Output: Select all


Input: Cut selected text [Tab]

Output: Cut selection


Input: Copy [Tab]

Output: Copy that


Input: Paste [Tab]

Output: Paste that


Input: Undo [Tab]

Output: Undo that Scratch that


Input: Redo [Tab]

Output: Restore that


Input: Save [Tab]

Output: Save document Save file as


Input: Bold [Tab]

Output: Bold that


Input: Remove bold [Tab]

Output: Restore that


Input: Italicize and remove italics [Tab]

Output: Italicize that


Input: Right justify [Tab]

Output: Right align that


Input: Center justify [Tab]

Output: Center that


Input: Center that [Tab]

Output: Print preview


Input: what forms from the downgrowth of skin when forming breast tissue?

Output: epithelial pit and then a lactiferous duct

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is the milk line

Output: a line down the body where accessory nipples may develop

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what 2 cells are found in the epidermis?

Output: keratocytes - produce keratin melanocytes: produce melanin

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what could a downgrowth of skin turn into?

Output: sweat gland hair follicle sebacious gland apocrine gland

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: which type of gland is modified to make breast tisuse

Output: sweat gland

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: why is the skin colour of the nipple important?

Output: a baby can recognise the nipple

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe a typical sweat gland

Output: lumen with cells lining it mypoepithelial cells around the outside

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is the difference between a sweat gland and a lactiferous duct

Output: lactiferous duct is stratified columnar cells also has myoepithelial cells around it

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe the anatomy of the breast`

Output: 2nd - 6th ribs over pec major 12 - 20 lobes, with lobules each lobe has lactiferous duct which opens into a ring septa between lobes

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what separates the lobes of a breast?

Output: septa

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: how are septa attached to the skin?

Output: Coopers suspensory ligaments fibrocollagenous bands

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is a mammary duct?

Output: an extralobular duct coming from a lactiferous dinus

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe, from out to in, the different ducts of the breasts

Output: lactiferous duct, lactiferous sinus/ampulla, mamaary duct (extralobular duct), terminal intralobular duct, terminal ductule

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: which ducts transform into alveoli during and when do they do this?

Output: terminal ductules at pregnancy

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe the areola

Output: an area of pigmentation sebacious glands raised area pressure receptors

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what surrounds lactiferous ducts / sinuses?

Output: muscle bundles

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: how many lobes in a breast?

Output: 12 - 20

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe breast tissue in an infant / neonate?

Output: simple ductal system no alveoli similar in males and females develops ductal system in 3rd trimester

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe breast tissue in puberty

Output: influence of oestrogen and progesteorne increase in fat and collagenous tisuse branching of ductal system

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what happens to fetal breast tissue?

Output: subject to high hormone levels grows and retracts may influence risk of breats cancer

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is resting breast tissue?

Output: breast tissue between babies or at menopause

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what are the cyclic changes a womann may experience in brast tissue?

Output: increase in size and tenderness premenstrually

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: do males get a ductal system?

Output: yes

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is found in the lumen of an adult breast?

Output: keratin plug

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what does the lactiferous duct usualyl contain?

Output: proteinacious sercretion and cellular debris

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is the role of progesterone in pregnancy?

Output: maintains endothelium prevents ovulation stimulates breast development inhibits immune rejection of embryo

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is the role of estrogens in pregnancy

Output: relaxation of pubis symphysis proliferation of breast role in partuirition - E/P ratio

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: descrive breast tissue in pregnancy?

Output: switch from ductule to alveolar system secretion distends alveolar lumen oestrogen, progesterone and prolacting all affect tissue vacuoles and fat droplets form increase in vascularity increasing lipid rich protein secretions - not true milk

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is the difference between alveoli and terminal ductules?

Output: lumen distended iwth secretion more complex and branched secretory

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: in osmium tetraoxide, what colour is protein?

Output: pink

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: in osmium tetraoxide, what colour is fat?

Output: black

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: how is fat synthesized and secreted?

Output: by SER passes in membrane bound droplets pinched off, released into lumen as droplet

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: how is protein released?

Output: exocytosis - as free protein

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: which receptors must be activated for milk secretion to occur?

Output: prolacting

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what are the characteristics of resting breast

Output: alveoli still distinguisable evidence of atrophy hypoxia of alveoli has caused involution - return to ductal system

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what hormone level change causes lactation to occur?

Output: drop in oestrogen and progesterone

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what happens to alveoli when they begin to lactate?

Output: become enlarged

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe the suckling reflex?

Output: baby orders next meal when suckling stimulates ant. pituitary to release prolacting acts on cells to increase milk production

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is the milk ejection reflex?

Output: let down reflex suckling stimulates oxytocin production from hypothalamu and release from pituitary stimulate muscle contraction - peristalsis

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what stimulates the milk ejection reflex?

Output: sucking when lactation established, can be just baby's cry

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is the MER turned down by?

Output: anxiety / stress

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe colustrum

Output: breast milk in 1st week high protein content high IgG content high levels of fat soluble vitamins

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe transitional millk

Output: 2nd and 3rd week higher calories less IgG fat and protein lactose water soluble vitamins

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe mature milke

Output: high water, fat and carbohydrate lactose vitamins A and D

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is lactose important for?

Output: encourages lactobacillus - decrease pathogenic bacteria galactose: for myelin sheath

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what imunoglobulins are in breast milk?

Output: secretory IgA (most) IgG

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is the immunological advantage of breast feeing?

Output: protection agains otitis media, sepsis, meningitis, Gi and respiratory infections, allergies secretory IgA: antiviral, antibiotic, antigenic inhibition

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what are the functions of IgA

Output: antiviral antibiotic antigenic inhibition

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is nutrient sensing?

Output: when baby senses nutrional environment affects metabolic programming mismatch can cause CV risk

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what are the three main advantages of breast feeding?

Output: immunological nutrient sensing psychosocial

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe disadvantages of breast feeding?

Output: 1) drugs and alcohol passed on 2) diseases eg AIDS 3) jaundice from breast milk 4) mothers aversion / physical / mental state

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: describe post partuiritional behaviour?

Output: social, clingy, need for contact, warmth, comfort and food

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is weaning behaviour

Output: gradual gain of independance

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: what is gestational preparatory behaviour:

Output: nesting

Development of Mammary Gland Flashcards - Cram.com

is a modified area of skin with speciliased sweat glands capable of producing nutritional secretions under hormonal influence


Input: When you see something, go exactly the way you want it, what do you think happened at that time? You then become a doctor because of that situation that might have happened years ago. Some people may think that it was just a coincidence, and some people might think it was their own, “skill,” that got them where they are now. When you see something, go exactly the way you want it, what do you think happened at that time? You then become a doctor because of that situation that might have happened years ago. Some people may think that it was just a coincidence, and some people might think it was their own, “skill,” that got them where they are now.

Output: When you see something, go exactly the way you want it, what do you think happened at that time? You then become a doctor because of that situation that might have happened years ago. Some people may think that it was just a coincidence, and some people might think it was their own, “skill,” that got them where they are now.

Have you ever looked away from where you were walking, and crashed into a pole, swerved into a girl while she had her books in her hands. The next day you asked her on a date, and in the next ten years she married you? Five more years you two become business partners and created a company that created technology for deaf people to hear! That might not have happened to you, but if that happened, how? Was it a coincidence? Were you planning it at all along? Or was it your destiny? Hello teachers, students, and honourable judges. I will be talking about destiny. Do things really happen for a reason, or do you control your own life? When you are born is your life predetermined to do the things you were, “born,” to do? What do you believe?_2


Input: Albert Einstein is one example. He was not the smartest person when he was young, but he then became one of the smartest people on earth, and he helped a lot of people. Do you think he lead himself to where he was, or was it already planned? People don’t believe that a person will be born a delinquent, or be born a doctor, people think that they can tell a person what to do, and control their life, but they can only lead them to where they want to go, they make their own choices. Maybe that is what destiny is. Just choices. Nothing but your own choices. Albert Einstein is one example. He was not the smartest person when he was young, but he then became one of the smartest people on earth, and he helped a lot of people. Do you think he lead himself to where he was, or was it already planned? People don’t believe that a person will be born a delinquent, or be born a doctor, people think that they can tell a person what to do, and control their life, but they can only lead them to where they want to go, they make their own choices. Maybe that is what destiny is. Just choices. Nothing but your own choices.

Output: Albert Einstein is one example. He was not the smartest person when he was young, but he then became one of the smartest people on earth, and he helped a lot of people. Do you think he lead himself to where he was, or was it already planned? People don’t believe that a person will be born a delinquent, or be born a doctor, people think that they can tell a person what to do, and control their life, but they can only lead them to where they want to go, they make their own choices. Maybe that is what destiny is. Just choices. Nothing but your own choices.

Have you ever looked away from where you were walking, and crashed into a pole, swerved into a girl while she had her books in her hands. The next day you asked her on a date, and in the next ten years she married you? Five more years you two become business partners and created a company that created technology for deaf people to hear! That might not have happened to you, but if that happened, how? Was it a coincidence? Were you planning it at all along? Or was it your destiny? Hello teachers, students, and honourable judges. I will be talking about destiny. Do things really happen for a reason, or do you control your own life? When you are born is your life predetermined to do the things you were, “born,” to do? What do you believe?_2


Input: When you make choices throughout your whole life, do YOU actually make them? You might have got a good mark on a test just because you decided to study for it. As I said before, people can believe that destiny is real or not. When you make a choice, there could be multiple outcomes. Outcomes that could lead to something in your favour, or outcomes that could lead to your demise. Those outcomes could lead to others, and others. It just depends on your first choice. When you make choices throughout your whole life, do YOU actually make them? You might have got a good mark on a test just because you decided to study for it. As I said before, people can believe that destiny is real or not. When you make a choice, there could be multiple outcomes. Outcomes that could lead to something in your favour, or outcomes that could lead to your demise. Those outcomes could lead to others, and others. It just depends on your first choice.

Output: When you make choices throughout your whole life, do YOU actually make them? You might have got a good mark on a test just because you decided to study for it. As I said before, people can believe that destiny is real or not. When you make a choice, there could be multiple outcomes. Outcomes that could lead to something in your favour, or outcomes that could lead to your demise. Those outcomes could lead to others, and others. It just depends on your first choice.

Have you ever looked away from where you were walking, and crashed into a pole, swerved into a girl while she had her books in her hands. The next day you asked her on a date, and in the next ten years she married you? Five more years you two become business partners and created a company that created technology for deaf people to hear! That might not have happened to you, but if that happened, how? Was it a coincidence? Were you planning it at all along? Or was it your destiny? Hello teachers, students, and honourable judges. I will be talking about destiny. Do things really happen for a reason, or do you control your own life? When you are born is your life predetermined to do the things you were, “born,” to do? What do you believe?_2


Input: Now you think that you made that decision, and nothing could have stopped you. But in fact, there are many factors that could have swayed you towards that decision. Your peers and your family. When thinking about destiny, think about things that lead you to that situation. Destiny can be real or fake. What you believe in. What you think. Now you think that you made that decision, and nothing could have stopped you. But in fact, there are many factors that could have swayed you towards that decision. Your peers and your family. When thinking about destiny, think about things that lead you to that situation. Destiny can be real or fake. What you believe in. What you think.

Output: Now you think that you made that decision, and nothing could have stopped you. But in fact, there are many factors that could have swayed you towards that decision. Your peers and your family. When thinking about destiny, think about things that lead you to that situation. Destiny can be real or fake. What you believe in. What you think.

Have you ever looked away from where you were walking, and crashed into a pole, swerved into a girl while she had her books in her hands. The next day you asked her on a date, and in the next ten years she married you? Five more years you two become business partners and created a company that created technology for deaf people to hear! That might not have happened to you, but if that happened, how? Was it a coincidence? Were you planning it at all along? Or was it your destiny? Hello teachers, students, and honourable judges. I will be talking about destiny. Do things really happen for a reason, or do you control your own life? When you are born is your life predetermined to do the things you were, “born,” to do? What do you believe?_2


Input: When you were one second old, and you were just born, do you think, you had your whole life in front of you, and you could just live it any way you wanted to, and become the person you strive to be, and be the best you can be. Or do you think, as a child, the things you do are picked out, and when you think you make your own decisions, it was actually coming to you the whole time. All these things about destiny and things happening for a reason sound’s like something awful. You just have to fail a test, so you become as smart as Albert Einstein. If you can’t control your life, what’s worth living it? When you’re born what happens. The second you start to breath, your life is pre-made. You can’t make any decisions; you will just have to go along with WHOEVER makes the, “rules.” Great. So what’s so good about destiny again? When you were one second old, and you were just born, do you think, you had your whole life in front of you, and you could just live it any way you wanted to, and become the person you strive to be, and be the best you can be. Or do you think, as a child, the things you do are picked out, and when you think you make your own decisions, it was actually coming to you the whole time. All these things about destiny and things happening for a reason sound’s like something awful. You just have to fail a test, so you become as smart as Albert Einstein. If you can’t control your life, what’s worth living it? When you’re born what happens. The second you start to breath, your life is pre-made. You can’t make any decisions; you will just have to go along with WHOEVER makes the, “rules.” Great. So what’s so good about destiny again?

Output: When you were one second old, and you were just born, do you think, you had your whole life in front of you, and you could just live it any way you wanted to, and become the person you strive to be, and be the best you can be. Or do you think, as a child, the things you do are picked out, and when you think you make your own decisions, it was actually coming to you the whole time. All these things about destiny and things happening for a reason sound’s like something awful. You just have to fail a test, so you become as smart as Albert Einstein. If you can’t control your life, what’s worth living it? When you’re born what happens. The second you start to breath, your life is pre-made. You can’t make any decisions; you will just have to go along with WHOEVER makes the, “rules.” Great. So what’s so good about destiny again?

Have you ever looked away from where you were walking, and crashed into a pole, swerved into a girl while she had her books in her hands. The next day you asked her on a date, and in the next ten years she married you? Five more years you two become business partners and created a company that created technology for deaf people to hear! That might not have happened to you, but if that happened, how? Was it a coincidence? Were you planning it at all along? Or was it your destiny? Hello teachers, students, and honourable judges. I will be talking about destiny. Do things really happen for a reason, or do you control your own life? When you are born is your life predetermined to do the things you were, “born,” to do? What do you believe?_2


Input: No religion condones speaking about destiny, and no religion tells you if it is real or not. Because of this, we are left with empty hands. What happens when destiny strikes? When you are born, we have many decisions to make. Do I love my parents? Am I a good child? Will I try my best? All these decisions lead to who you are. But does destiny lead you there? People believe when you see someone turn out the way they are, it is their destiny to be a, “good or bad,” child. Other people believe that people can influence them to make their own decisions like their parents. If people are aware of how they will turn out, if bad, they might want to change it. Maybe knowing about destiny is a good thing. After all, it can change you. So is destiny real? You decide. No religion condones speaking about destiny, and no religion tells you if it is real or not. Because of this, we are left with empty hands. What happens when destiny strikes? When you are born, we have many decisions to make. Do I love my parents? Am I a good child? Will I try my best? All these decisions lead to who you are. But does destiny lead you there? People believe when you see someone turn out the way they are, it is their destiny to be a, “good or bad,” child. Other people believe that people can influence them to make their own decisions like their parents. If people are aware of how they will turn out, if bad, they might want to change it. Maybe knowing about destiny is a good thing. After all, it can change you. So is destiny real? You decide.

Output: No religion condones speaking about destiny, and no religion tells you if it is real or not. Because of this, we are left with empty hands. What happens when destiny strikes? When you are born, we have many decisions to make. Do I love my parents? Am I a good child? Will I try my best? All these decisions lead to who you are. But does destiny lead you there? People believe when you see someone turn out the way they are, it is their destiny to be a, “good or bad,” child. Other people believe that people can influence them to make their own decisions like their parents. If people are aware of how they will turn out, if bad, they might want to change it. Maybe knowing about destiny is a good thing. After all, it can change you. So is destiny real? You decide.

Have you ever looked away from where you were walking, and crashed into a pole, swerved into a girl while she had her books in her hands. The next day you asked her on a date, and in the next ten years she married you? Five more years you two become business partners and created a company that created technology for deaf people to hear! That might not have happened to you, but if that happened, how? Was it a coincidence? Were you planning it at all along? Or was it your destiny? Hello teachers, students, and honourable judges. I will be talking about destiny. Do things really happen for a reason, or do you control your own life? When you are born is your life predetermined to do the things you were, “born,” to do? What do you believe?_2


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] Important Quote Set 1

Output: What is it that love does not discover

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] Speaking to the WAll

Output: Line 71-73 Why do you hinder the lovers? Could you let our bodies meet, or allow us to kiss each other. We are not ungrateful (Litotes) Thankful for the passage for their voices

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] Speaking to Each Other

Output: They murmur farewell and goodnight

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] Their Plan

Output: They wanted to decieve the guards in the silence of night, vanish outside. Meet by the grave of ninus and hide in shelter of a tree. Tall mulberry treey with dense white berries boardering a fountain.

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] Sneaking Out

Output: Thisbe opens the door, decieves the guards, settles under the tree. Love makes her brave, lion comes and scares her off. The fierce lioness stains the garmet of Thisbe while she flees to a dark cave

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] Pyramus' Entrance

Output: Pyramus sees creatures tracks and is drained of color. He remarks that two lovers will be lost- argues that she deserved the long life more than he did. He says that he has claimed her life and that it is his fault. Carries the veil of Thisbe with him, cries on it.

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] Death of Pyramus

Output: He drives the sword into his groinm pulls it warm from the woumb. A blood spurts out as from a pipe. The fruit of the white tree is now blood red, sprinkeled with Thisbe's blood. Spurting represents sexual orgasm.

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] Death of Thisbe

Output: Thisbe returns and calls for her lover. Sees the tree and the color of the berries puzzle her. She sees the bloodstained earth and start back, terrified, like the sea, that trembles when the slightest breeze touches the surface, her face whiter than boxwood

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] LINE 55 iuvenum pulcherrimus, alter / altera

Output: CHIASMUS

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] LINE 57 ubi...urbem

Output: epic periphrasis

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: [Summary of first set of lines] Line 60 Taedae...iure

Output: the bond of marriage, METONYMY

Pyramus and Thisbe Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Pyramus - handomse youth Thisbe - fair maiden Lived in adjoining houses, brought together by love. There was a crack in the wall that had not been discovered until the lovers came by


Input: More and more companies are using __________ agreements as a source of international revenue, allowing foreign companies to use their intellectual property in exchange for a royalty or fee.

Output: licensing. Since a company has already incurred the costs of developing the intellectual property, a licensing agreement involves little out-of-pocket costs.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: One way in which two or more companies might jointly develop, produce, or sell products in the global marketplace is by forming a long-term partnership called a ________ ___________.

Output: strategic alliance. To increase their competitive advantage in foreign markets, many companies will form a strategic alliance with a foreign company. Companies in such a relationship will typically share ideas, risks, and profits in an attempt to reach complimentary goals.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A _______ ________is a special type of strategic alliance in which two or more organizations join together to create a new business entity that is legally separate and distinct from its parents.

Output: joint venture. In countries where foreign companies are prohibited from owning facilities outright or from investing in a local business, a joint venture might be the only way to do business in that country.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: As foreign markets continue to grow in importance, the number of ____________, or companies with operations in more than one country, is likewise increasing.

Output: MNCs. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) will often earn more than half of their revenue from foreign sales.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: __________ occurs when a multinational corporation establishes facilities in a foreign country or in some other way invests money directly into foreign business enterprises.

Output: FDI. A company that increases its involvement in foreign countries through establishing foreign direct investment (FDI) might build marketing or production facilities, or even purchase existing firms.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Saudi Arabia’s ability to produce crude oil with fewer resources per unit of output than any other nation gives it an _________ _______ in crude oil production.

Output: absolute advantage. Whenever a nation can produce a particular item more efficiently than all other nations, it has an absolute advantage for that product. Since such advantages are usually based on the availability of natural resources, they rarely last indefinitely.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The ____________ ____________ theory states that a country should produce and sell to other countries those items it can produce economically, and trade for those it cannot produce efficiently or at a lower cost.

Output: comparative advantage. The comparative advantage theory is based upon the argument that specialization and exchange will increase a country’s total output and allow both trading partners to enjoy a higher standard of living.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: One way to measure a nation’s level of international trade is to determine its _________ of trade – the total value of the productions a nation exports minus the total value of the products it imports, over some period of time.

Output: balance. The balance of trade is not necessarily an accurate indicator of a nation’s competitiveness in the world market. Fluctuations in currency, intrafirm trade, and several other factors can obscure the overall picture.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: When a country imports more than it exports, the resulting unfavorable trade balance is called a trade _______.

Output: deficit. In 1999, the U.S. trade deficit soared to record heights, due to a falloff in U.S. exports rather than a surge in foreign imports.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A broader indicator of international trade than the balance of trade, the balance of __________ measure the total flow of money into the country minus the total flow of money out of the country, over some specified period of time.

Output: payments. In addition to business transactions, the balance of payments also measures money spent on foreign investment, military expenditures, tourism, and other international transactions. A country, obviously wants a favorable balance of payments, meaning more money is coming into the country than is going out.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Some countries practice an economic policy of ___________, where they restrict international trade in order to shield a country’s industries from foreign competition and the possible loss of jobs in those industries.

Output: protectionism. Emerging economies often practice protectionism in order to give new or weak industries an opportunity to grow and strengthen.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A type of trade restriction, _________ limit the amount of a particular good that a nation will allow to be imported during a year.

Output: Quotas. Quotas may be set either in quantity or in value. Once a foreign product hits its quota, additional shipments typically will face stiff tariffs.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: More extreme than a quota, an ________ completely bans the import or export of certain products.

Output: embargo. Although an embargo is usually established to protect a nation’s industry from foreign competition, it can sometimes be done for other reasons. The U.S., for example, bans the importation of toys with lead paint due to health reasons.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A ________ is a type of embargo that is politically motivated, banning trade with a particular nation.

Output: sanction. Traditionally, a sanction has been used by the government as a forceful attempt to make a country change its behavior. However, sanctions are being used more sparingly today, as studies have shown them to be generally ineffective.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Most industrialized countries have regulations against ________ – the practice of selling large quantities of a product at a price lower than the cost of production or below what the company would charge in its own home market.

Output: Dumping. Dumping is a tactic often used to win foreign customers or to reduce product surpluses. Countries such as the U.S. impose stiff antidumping penalties in order to protect domestic producers of similar products.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Many recent international trade agreements and organizations have supported the basic principles of ______ _______, a theory that each nation will ultimately benefit the most if they freely trade with each other without restrictive measures.

Output: free trade. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) are both famous examples of organizations founded to support free trade. The WTO, in particular, has been a target for American protesters who feel that it leaves certain U.S. industries vulnerable to foreign competition.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: NAFTA is a controversial example of a ________ bloc, an organization of nations that removes barriers to trade among their members and also establishes uniform barriers to trade with nonmember nations.

Output: trading. In 1994, the United States, Canada, and Mexico formed the trading bloc known as NAFTA. Supporters of NAFTA say that jobs in the U.S. have multiplied due to increased exports. Opponents, on the other hand, contend that American jobs have been lost as manufacturers have moved production to Mexico or Canada.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In 1999, eleven European countries turned over control of their individual monetary policies to the newly created European Central Bank. One of the major reasons for joining forces was the anticipated advantages that would come from creating a unified currency called the ______.

Output: euro. These eleven countries account for nearly 20 percent of the world’s gross domestic product, leading some to believe that the euro might one day rival the dollar or yen as the international currency of trade.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In 1997, the decision by Thailand and Indonesia to unpeg its currency from the U.S. dollar and use instead a _________ exchange rate system triggered a series of reactions around the world and ignited a worldwide economic crisis.

Output: floating. Neither Thailand or Indonesia were ready when their currency devalued rapidly after switching to a floating exchange rate system. In such a system, the value of a currency is not determined in relation to more stable currencies, but in response to the forces of global supply and demand.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: __________ is the process by which the government sets the ground rules and basic standards of proper business behavior, in order to prevent conflicts and facilitate the workings of the economic system.

Output: regulation. In most sectors of the economy, government regulation ensures that all competitors have an equal chance of producing a product, reaching the market, and making a profit.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) is a famous example of _______ legislation, intended to prevent individual companies or groups of companies from gaining control of markets in ways that restrain competition or harm consumers.

Output: antitrust. Other famous examples of antitrust legislation include the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914). Such regulations sought to break up the power of huge companies such as Standard Oil.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: One of the practices restricted by the landmark Clayton Antitrust Act was that of the _____ contract, which attempts to force buyers to purchase unwanted goods along with goods actually desired.

Output: tying. Microsoft was recently found guilty of violating antitrust laws, in large part because the court considered the bundling together of Web browsers and operating systems to be a tying contract.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A regulatory _______ is any of a wide variety of administrative groups established to protect the rights of one or more group of stakeholders from the potentially harmful actions of business.

Output: agency. Some better known examples of a regulatory agency include the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In the past few decades, some industries that were under strict government control have been opened up to competition through ___________, or the abandonment or relaxation of existing regulations.

Output: deregulation. Until recent deregulation measures were taken, companies in the airline and banking industries were under such strict government control that they had little or no competition.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In the United States, _______ have traditionally been used not only to raise revenue for government, but also to encourage or discourage certain types of behavior, including the restriction of certain business activities.

Output: taxes. Laws surrounding the taxes of businesses have developed to such an extent that entire segments of accounting and legal professionals often help companies and individuals with their interpretation and compliance.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Specific items are subject to _____ taxes – regulatory taxes that are intended to help control potentially harmful practices or to help pay for public services used by taxpayers.

Output: excise. Gasoline, tobacco, and liquor are all subject to excise taxes. Federal excise taxes are also levied on certain services of a national scope, such as air travel and long-distance telephone calls.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Customs _______, or import taxes, vary with the product and its country of origin. They are designed to protect American businesses against foreign competition.

Output: duties. Customs duties typically have the effect of raising the prices of imports to a level comparable to the price of similar American-made merchandise.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Because competitors in an industry often have common objectives when it comes to government action, they commonly unite to form a __________ group in an attempt to persuade legislators to vote for their group’s interest.

Output: lobbying. The American Banking Association and the American Medical Association are both examples of associations typically involved in lobbying activities.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Since campaign laws limit the abilities of a business to donate money directly to a candidate, businesses will often instead funnel money through a _______.

Output: PAC. Through a political action committee (PAC), a business can solicit contributions from its employees and then allocate the money to various candidates. PACs are controversial and will likely be a target of campaign reform in the near future.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In addition to the full body of laws that apply to individuals, companies must also comply to a subset of laws commonly referred to as __________ law.

Output: Business. Business law includes those legal elements that directly affect business activity, including laws pertaining to business licensing, employee safety, and corporate income taxes.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Business owners pay as much as $150 billion every year due to product ________ lawsuits, which hold the producer or seller responsible for damages or injuries to the consumer.

Output: liability. Because many of these product liability lawsuits seem frivolous and excessive, many lawmakers are beginning to question the strictness with which the laws are interpreted.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The term _________ refers to the coordination of an organization’s resources for the manufacture of goods or the delivery of services.

Output: POM. Production and operations management (POM), sometimes just shortened to operations management, oversees all the activities involved in producing a firm’s goods or services.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A company’s sequence of events that transforms resources (or inputs) into products and services is called the _________ process.

Output: conversion. The conversion process can be either an analytic system, which breaks raw materials into one or most distinct products, or a synthetic system, which combines two or more materials to form a single product.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In today’s customer-focused, quality-oriented economy, many current production systems use traditional mass production techniques to create customized goods and services – a system known as mass __________.

Output: customization. Systems of mass customization recognize that consumers have individual needs and are best served by products that can be easily customized for them.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: One of the keys to an effective production process is to prepare an accurate production ________ that estimates how much of a company’s goods and services must be produced in order to meet future demand.

Output: forecast. Although a production forecast cannot be predicted with certainty, it is an essential tool for use in the planning, budgeting, and scheduling of resources.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In planning tools such as PERT diagrams, the longest path through the network is known as the ________ path because it represents the minimum amount of time needed to complete the project.

Output: critical. The sequence of events that makes up the critical path requires the longest time to complete. If any step on this path falls behind schedule, then the entire operation will be delayed.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: ______ is widely used today to apply computer graphics and mathematical modeling in the design of products.

Output: CAD. Computer-aided design (CAD) is just one of the major developments in manufacturing automation today. Others include computer-aided engineering (CAE), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and flexible manufacturing system (FMS).

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Most companies use a system of _______ control to determine the right quantity of various items to have on hand and to keep track of their location, use, and condition.

Output: inventory. To minimize risk and cost, and also to increase manufacturing efficiency, most companies have established a system of inventory control.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The ____ ____ ____ system is one of the most used methods of inventory control and production planning today, making sure that materials arrive just when they are needed with minimal inventory and waste.

Output: just in time. A just-in-time system minimizes waste and keeps costs down. However, it requires careful coordination between manufacturers and suppliers in order to work effectively.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Quality __________ is a comprehensive system of policies, practices, and procedures implemented throughout a company to create and produce quality goods and services.

Output: assurance. Broader than more basic quality control approaches, a quality assurance system ensures that every stage of production – from design to final product – meets or exceeds preset quality standards.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Many companies now integrate all of the facilities, functions, and activities involved in the production of goods and services, from suppliers to customers, through a process called supply ___________ management.

Output: chain. The supply-chain begins with the provider of raw materials and ends with the company that produces the finished product. Supply-chain management is based upon the belief that all companies involved will benefit from working more closely together.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A _____ business can be defined as a company that is independently owned and operated, is not dominant in its field, and is relatively small in terms of sales and number of employees.

Output: small. The small business is a cornerstone of the U.S. economic system – particularly following the past decade, when a drastic increase in start-up companies made the U.S. economy a growth engine for the world.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The majority of small businesses are what are known as ________ businesses. They are built around the personal and financial needs of an individual or family, and are not typically designed to grow into large enterprises.

Output: lifestyle. Roughly 80 to 90 percent of small businesses are lifestyle businesses. The remainder are called high-growth ventures and are started with the intent of rapid expansion.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: To stimulate the innovation commonly found in small businesses, many large companies have started small enterprises run by ___________, or people who create ideas and innovation of any kind from within an organization.

Output: intrapreneurs. Work units led by intrapreneurs are formed to provide the parent company with creative ideas usually hindered by the red tape and procedures of a large-scale corporate environment.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The rise and spread of the __________ is one of the major factors contributing to the dramatic increase in small businesses, as well as the number of employees who now telecommute.

Output: internet. The Internet has made accessible to small businesses the types of resources and information that were previously available only to larger firms.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Large companies increasingly are subcontracting work to small businesses through a process called _____________.

Output: outsourcing. The increased practice of outsourcing specialized work has allowed many large firms to downsize and work with smaller staffs.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: One of the most important ways to persuade lenders and investors to finance your business is through preparing a ________ _____, a written document that provides an orderly statement of a company’s goals and how it intends to achieve those goals.

Output: business plan. Not only does a business plan help sway potential investors, it also provides the company with an overall strategy and guides its operations.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Roughly two-thirds of business founders start from scratch with new ventures, commonly called ________ ___________ company.

Output: start up. Founding a start-up company is the most common form of beginning a small business. The other two ways are to buy an existing business or obtain a franchise.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A ________ is a business arrangement in which a small business obtains the rights to sell the goods or services of the supplier within a specific territory.

Output: franchise. In exchange for an initial fee and possibly monthly royalties, a buyer can obtain a franchise of a larger company and have the right to sell its goods and services.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Facilities specifically designed to house small businesses during their early growth phase are known as __________.

Output: incubators. Incubators are centers that provide small businesses with a professional setting and various resources – legal and accounting services, marketing support, etc. – they might need to get started.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: _______ _________ are investment specialists who raise pools of capital from large private and institutional sources in exchange for a portion of the ownership, with the objective of making a considerable profit on the investment within a relatively short period of time.

Output: venture capitalists. Small businesses that need large sums of investment (usually $10 million or more) and that have potential for rapid growth often turn to venture capitalists for financing.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Similar to venture capitalists, ______ ________ tend to be wealthy individuals who are willing to loan smaller amounts of money and to stay involved with the company for a longer period of time.

Output: angel investors. Risky start-ups that have trouble getting loans from a bank can sometimes find angel investors to finance their business.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The _____ is a government agency that serves as an invaluable resource and advocate for small businesses, often providing them with financial assistance, training, and a variety of helpful programs.

Output: SBA. Among other services, the Small Business Administration (SBA) will back bank loans to qualified business owners, a guarantee that usually results in longer repayment terms.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Because of the high costs and regulatory complexities of selling stock through an initial public offering (IPO), many companies are instead choosing to sell shares of stock directly to investors through a _______.

Output: DPO. The growth of the Internet and its resources has made it easier for companies to sell stock through a direct public offering (DPO).

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The ________ department plans the best way to hire employees, oversee their training, evaluate their performance, and compensate them.

Output: HR. The human resources (HR) department is generally in charge of hiring employees for a company, ensuring the quality of their job performance, and administering their compensation and benefits.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The first step in planning for a company’s staffing needs is called ___________, when the HR department determines the numbers and kinds of employees that will be needed in the company’s future, and how many employees are currently available to meet those needs.

Output: forecasting. After analyzing the company’s future goals, the HR department begins planning the company’s staffing needs by forecasting the supply and demand for employees.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: An increasingly used recruiting strategy is for companies to hire ___________ employees to assess their on-the-job performance before hiring them permanently.

Output: temporary. It is estimated that over a quarter of all temporary employees hired remain on the job assignment for one year or more. Businesses often try to save money and increase their flexibility by building their workforce around part-time and temp employees.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: _____________, or subcontracting work to outside companies, is a common staffing strategy by companies that lack specialized resources internally.

Output: outsourcing. Although outsourcing might give a company increased flexibility and additional expertise, it can also result in a loss of control over the work and a greater dependence on suppliers.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Once human resources has decided it needs to fill a particular position, it will then evaluate the requirements of the position through a formal, objective method called ___ _______.

Output: Job analysis. Job analysis is the process by which jobs are studied to determine the exact tasks and dynamics needed to perform them.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Following job analysis, the human resources staff will use their findings to complete a ____ ___________, a formal statement summarizing the tasks involved in the job and the conditions under which the employee will work.

Output: job description. The job description helps HR determine the qualifications needed by potential applicants to be considered for the job.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Usually, human resources will use the job description to develop a ____ __________, describing the skills, education, and previous experience that the job requires.

Output: job specification. The last step in evaluating job requirements is the drafting of a job specification. This formal statement is a critical tool in determining whether or not an applicant is appropriate for the position.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: __________ is the term for the process of attracting appropriate applicants for an organization’s jobs.

Output: recruiting. Recruiting usually begins by looking for a suitable candidate from within an organization or from an employee’s recommendation. Posting a position to the public is often used as a last resort.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Particularly with the recent increase in workplace violence, human resource departments are more carefully conducting ____________ ________ to verify all educational credentials and previous jobs, to account for any large time gaps between jobs, and to check references.

Output: background checks. Failure to conduct thorough background checks can lead to expensive lawsuits and higher health care costs, decreased productivity, and harm to employees and customers. Inadequate verification of credentials can potentially make the hiring company liable for any future action committed by the employee.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In order to ensure that all new employees understand the company’s goals, policies, and procedures, most organizations have ________ programs that help acclimate employees to their new work environment.

Output: orientation. Although orientation programs can vary from an hour-long information session to “integration” curriculums that last several months, they all are created with the intention of helping new employees understand their role in the organization and making them feel more comfortable.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The ultimate goal of a _________ ___________ is not to judge the individual employee but rather to improve their on-the-job performance. It lets employees understand how they are presently doing, instructs them on how they can improve performance, and discusses new skills they should learn to promote future growth.

Output: performance appraisal. Most human resources managers develop performance appraisal systems to objectively evaluate employees according to set, job-related criteria.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Administering ___________ – or the combination of payments in the form of wages or salaries, incentive programs, employee benefits, and employer services – is one of the major responsibilities of the human resources department.

Output: compensation. Compensation is the umbrella term covering all the various money, benefits, and services paid to employees for their work.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Employees who receive _______ earn cash payment based on the number of hours the employee has worked or the number of units the employee has produced.

Output: wages. Unlike salaried workers, workers earning wages receive cash payment directly related to the number of hours worked or pieces produced. Wages provide an incentive to an employee to produce more in order to receive a higher paycheck.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: __________ are cash payments that are linked either to specific individual, group, and company-wide goals; overall productivity; and company success.

Output: incentives. Incentives are often effective because they make achievements, not merely activities, the basis for an employee’s payment.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Usually used for sales staff, a ____________ is a form of payment that pays employees a percentage of sales made.

Output: commission. Depending on the company and position, a commission can be either the sole compensation or else an incentive payment made in addition to salary or wages.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: One common incentive program is the ________ _________ system, in which a company distributes a portion of its profits to employees. It encourages employees to work harder, since the more profits the company makes, the larger the compensation will be to the employee.

Output: profit sharing. A company that participates in profit sharing usually distributes profits to employees on an quarterly, semi-annually, or annual basis.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A _____ ________ incentive plan rewards employees not solely on the basis of overall profits but in relation to achievement of goals such as cost savings or quality improvement.

Output: gain sharing. Though similar to profit sharing, gain sharing differs in that it further encourages employees to think of innovative ways to save money for the company and improve its overall operation.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: ____________ is a common payment approach that uses wide pay grades. It allows today’s flatter companies to reward employees without having to move them up a hierarchy.

Output: broadbanding. Because the company has fewer, broader pay grades, broadbanding allows companies to move employees to different positions without being restricted by the pay grades normally associated with specific jobs.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Financial compensation other than wages, salaries, and incentives is called employee ______________.

Output: benefits. Some of the more common forms of employee benefits include medical and dental insurance; vacation, holiday, and sick pay; stock options; and retirement benefits.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Defined contribution plans, defined benefits plans, and 401(k) plans are all examples of _______ plans, the most popular type of retirement coverage in companies today.

Output: Pension. Pension plans are company-sponsored programs for providing employees with income when they retire.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A _______ _______ plan ties employee compensation to company performance through allowing the employee to purchase or sell a certain number of shares of company stock at a specific price (called the grant price) during a certain time period.

Output: stock option. Employees on a stock option plan can often buy shares of the company stock at the grant price over a number of years. Thus, so long as the stock is performing well, such plans can be considerably profitable for employees.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A termination of an employee for economic or business reasons is called a _______.

Output: layoff. A layoff is a termination due to reasons unrelated to employee performance and is thus typically a painful experience both to the terminated and remaining employees. Many companies have recently adopted no-layoff guarantees to help promote employee loyalty and motivation.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The massive layoffs in recent years has led to an increase in ________ _______ lawsuits, with employees claiming that their firings have been done with either inadequate advance notice or explanation.

Output: wrongful discharge. Because of the increase in wrongful discharge claims, human resources departments have taken extra precautions to try to prevent such occurrences, including requiring new employees to sign “employment at will” forms.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: _________ __________, or the required dismissal of an employee who reaches a certain age, was made illegal by Congress in 1986.

Output: mandatory retirement. In 1986, Congress amended the federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act so that it prohibited mandatory retirement. It also prohibited employers from stopping benefit contributions or accruals because of age.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Many companies encourage aging employees to retire early through various financial incentives – a process known as ________ ________.

Output: worker buyout. Though worker buyout is more expensive than firing or laying off employees, it has several advantages as far as maintaining employee morale and minimizing the company’s legal risk against age-discrimination lawsuits.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: By far, the most common form of business ownership in the U.S. is known as a sole __________, meaning it is owned by only one person.

Output: proprietorship. A sole proprietorship is the easiest and least expensive form of business to start. Around 73% of all U.S. firms are sole proprietorships.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is that the owner has unlimited ________, meaning that any damages or debts attributable to the business can also be attached to the owner because the two have no separate legal existence.

Output: liability. Not having a separate legal existence for a business makes a sole proprietorship much easier to start, but it also means that the owner has unlimited liability and might have to use personal expenses to satisfy a business debt.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: An unincorporated business owned and operated by two or more persons under a voluntary legal agreement is known as a ___________.

Output: partnership. By setting up a partnership, the risks and rewards of the business is split among partners, rather than just one person.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In a business that is a _________ partnership, the partnership is composed of one or more general partners, who run the business, and the remaining partners, who are not directly involved in managing the business and whose liability is usually limited to the amount of their capital investment.

Output: limited. Unlike general partnerships, where all partners are equally liable for the business’s debt, a limited partnership grants limited liability to those partners who are just passive investors.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A legally chartered enterprise that has most of the legal rights of a person, including the right to own property and to conduct business, is called a ______________.

Output: corporation. Unlike sole proprietorships and partnerships, the legal status and obligations of a corporation exist independently of its owners.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A corporation is owned by its ____________, who can sell or bequeath their shares of stock to someone else at any time.

Output: shareholders. Even though the company and its management may be stable, a corporation’s ownership can change drastically over time as the stock is continually passed to new shareholders.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The stock usually issued by corporations is called ________ stock. The owners of such stock have the last claim on distributed profits and assets, and are allowed one vote for each share they own.

Output: common. Although owners of preferred stock might have first claim on the corporation’s assets, they do not have the voting rights that owners of common stock receive.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Although not mandatory, many corporations pay ___________, or distributions of corporate assets to shareholders in the form of cash or other assets.

Output: dividends. Dividends can be paid to stockholders either in cash or in additional shares of stock.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Companies such as Kinko’s and Hallmark are examples of __________ corporations, or companies that withhold their stock from public sale and instead finance their operating costs and growth from other sources, such as company earnings.

Output: private. Private corporations are companies owned by private individuals or companies. They are also sometimes called “closed corporations” or “closely held companies.”

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A ________ corporation is held by and available for sale to the general public.

Output: public. Going public provides a corporation with a ready supply of capital, in addition to increasing its liquidity and enhancing its visibility.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Public corporations have the advantage of _________, since their investors can easily convert their stock into cash by selling it on the open market.

Output: liquidity. Buying stock in a corporation is attractive to many investors because of its liquidity. It’s difficult, on the other hand, to liquidate the assets of a sole proprietorship or partnership.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A _______ is a special type of corporation that combines the tax advantage of a partnership with the personal liability protection of a corporation.

Output: LLC. Limited liability companies (LLCs) have owners who are taxed at individual income-tax rates, though the corporation itself has a separate legal status. Furthermore, unlike S corporations, LLCs are unrestricted in the number of shareholders they can have.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A corporation which is partially or entirely owned by another corporation is known as a _________ corporation.

Output: subsidiary. A subsidiary corporation does not exist independently, but is owned by another corporation called a parent company, which supervises the operations of the subsidiary.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: A special type of parent company, a _________ company owns a subsidiary only for investing purposes and exercises little control over its day-to-day operations.

Output: holding. Though a holding company might own most or all of another company’s stock, it does not actively participate in the management of that other company.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In publicly traded corporations, the board of directors usually appoints a _______ to carry out the board’s policies and supervise the activities of the corporation.

Output: CEO. In most corporations, the common shareholders who own the company are hardly ever involved in actually managing it. Instead, they elect a board of directors who, in turn, appoint a chief executive officer (CEO) to run the company.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: In large corporations, most individual shareholders hardly ever attend the company’s annual meeting and instead vote by _______, a document authorizing another person to vote on behalf of a shareholder.

Output: proxy. Shareholders who cannot attend the corporation’s annual meeting will usually vote by proxy, signing and returning a slip of paper allowing management to vote on their behalf.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: Similar to a merger, a ___________ is created when two or more companies combine together so that the old companies cease to exist and a new enterprise is created.

Output: consolidation. Unlike a merger, where one company purchases another and assumes controls, a consolidation means the legal termination of both companies and a pooling of interests into a new business entity.

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Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.


Input: The rise of the government antitrust movement at the beginning of the twentieth century brought an end to the wave of ____________ mergers that was resulting in giant monopolistic trusts at the time.

Output: Horizontal. Horizontal mergers are combinations of competing companies in the same industry. The purposes of such mergers is to take control of a market and fend off competition.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

Exporting. Exporting permits a company to enter a foreign market gradually, with only limited marketing, research, and distribution costs.