Input: [1] Open primaries [2]

Output: Elections to select party nominees in which voters can decide on election day whether they want to participate in the Democratic or Republican contests.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Ticket-splitting [2]

Output: Voting with one party for one office and with another party for other offices. It has become the norm in American voting behavior.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Blanket primaries [2]

Output: Elections to select party nominees in which voters are presented with a list of candidates form all the parties. Voters can then select some Democrats and some Republicans if they like.

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Input: [1] Party machines [2]

Output: A type of political party organization that relies heavily on material inducements, such as patronage, to win votes and to govern.

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Input: [1] National convention [2]

Output: The meeting pf party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party’s platform.

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Input: [1] National committee [2]

Output: One of the institutions that keeps the party operating between conventions. The national committee is composed of representatives from the states and territories.

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Input: [1] Party realignment [2]

Output: The displacement of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period.

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Input: [1] National chairperson [2]

Output: The national chairperson is responsible for the day-to-day activities of the party and is usually nominated by the presidential nominee.

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Input: [1] New Deal Coalition [2]

Output: A coalition forged by the Democrats, who dominated American politics from the 1930’s to the 1960’s. Its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.

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Input: [1] Coalition [2]

Output: A group of individuals with a common interest upon which every political party depends.

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Input: [1] Party dealignment [2]

Output: The gradual disengagement of people and politicians from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification. Link to: ticket-splitting.

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Input: [1] Party eras [2]

Output: Historical periods in which a majority of voters cling to the party in power, which tends to win a majority of the elections.

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Input: [1] Party neutrality [2]

Output: A term used to describe the fact that many Americans are indifferent toward to two major political parties.

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Input: [1] Critical election [2]

Output: An electoral “earthquake” where new issues emerge, new coalitions replace old ones, and the majority party is often displaced by the minority party. Critical election periods are sometimes marked by a national crisis and may require more than one election to bring about a new party era.

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Input: [1] Third parties [2]

Output: Electoral contenders other than the two major parties. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections

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Input: [1] Winner-take-all system [2]

Output: An electoral system in which legislative seats are awarded only to the candidates who come in first in their constituencies. In American presidential elections, the system in which the winner of the popular vote in a state receives all the electoral votes of that state.

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Input: [1] Elite theory [2]

Output: Theory of government and politics contending that societies are divided along class lines and than an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization.

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Input: [1] Proportional representation [2]

Output: An electoral system used throughout most of Europe that awards legislative seats to political parties in proportion to the number of votes won in an election.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hyperpluralist theory [2]

Output: Theory of government and politics contending that groups are so strong that government is weakened. Hyperpluralist is an extreme, exaggerated, or perverted form of pluralism.

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Input: [1] Responsible party model [2]

Output: A view favored by some political scientists about how parties should work. According to the model, parties should offer clear choices to the voters, who can then use those choices as cues to their own preferences of candidates. Once in office, parties would carry out their campaign promises.

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Input: [1] Subgovernments: (Iron Triangles) [2]

Output: A term used to describe the relationship between interest group leaders interested in a particular policy, the government agency in charge of administrating that policy, and the members of congressional committees and subcommittees handling that policy.

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Input: [1] Interest group [2]

Output: An organization of people with shared policy goals entering the policy process at several points to try to achieve those goals. Interest groups pursue their goals in many arenas.

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Input: [1] Free-rider problem [2]

Output: The problem faced by unions and other groups when people do not join because they can benefit from the group’s activities without officially joining.

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Input: [1] Pluralist theory [2]

Output: A theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies.

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Input: [1] Olson’s law of large groups [2]

Output: Advanced by Mancur Olson, a principle stating that “the larger the group, the further it will fall short of providing an optimal amount of a collective good.”

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Input: [1] Selective benefits [2]

Output: Goods (such as information publications, travel discounts, and group insurance rates) that a group can restrict to those who pay their annual dues.

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Input: [1] Amicus curiae briefs [2]

Output: Legal briefs submitted by a “friend of the court” for the purpose of raising additional points of view and presenting information not contained in the briefs of the formal parties. These briefs attempt to influence a court’s decision.

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Input: [1] Single-issue groups [2]

Output: Groups that have a narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw membership from people new to politics. These features distinguish them from traditional interest groups.

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Input: [1] Class action suits [2]

Output: Lawsuits permitting a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people similarly situated.

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Input: [1] Lobbying [2]

Output: According to Lester Milbrath, a “communication, by someone other than a citizen acting on his own behalf, directed to a governmental decisionmaker with the hope of influencing his decision.”

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Input: [1] Cohesiveness [2]

Output: A unified sense of purpose among all of the members; the single most important goal for any interest group.

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Input: [1] Electioneering [2]

Output: Direct group involvement in the electoral process. Groups can help fund campaigns, provide testimony, and get members to work for candidates, and some form political action committees (PACs).

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Input: [1] Incumbents [2]

Output: Members of Congress who already hold office.

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Input: [1] Political action committees (PACs) [2]

Output: Political funding vehicles created by 1974 campaign finance reforms. A corporation, union, or some other interest group can create a PAC and register it with the Federal Election Commission (FEC), which will meticulously monitor the PAC’s expenditures.

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Input: [1] Casework [2]

Output: Activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals cut through bureaucratic regulations (red tape) to get things they want.

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Input: [1] Pork barrel [2]

Output: The list of federal projects, grants, and contracts that incumbents secure for their constituents.

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Input: [1] Majority leader [2]

Output: Responsible for scheduling bills, influencing committee assignments, and rounding up votes.

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Input: [1] Bicameral Legislature [2]

Output: A legislature divided into two houses; like the US Congress and Nebraska’s State Legislature.

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Input: [1] Whips [2]

Output: Leaders who track vote totals and lean on anyone who may be influenced before the vote occurs; target undecided members.

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Input: [1] House Rules Committee [2]

Output: Committee that reviews all bills (except revenue, budget, and appropriations) that come out of committee before they enter the full House for debate; they attach “rules” to bills.

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Input: [1] Minority leader [2]

Output: The principal leader of the minority party in the Senate.

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Input: [1] Filibuster [2]

Output: Stalling technique unique to the Senate used to “talk a bill to death

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Input: [1] Standing committees [2]

Output: Separate subject-matter committees in each house that handle bills in different policy areas.

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Input: [1] Speaker of the House [2]

Output: Constitutionally mandated position chosen by the majority party in the House; first in command in the Senate; second in the line of Presidential succession.

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Input: [1] Joint committees [2]

Output: Committees on a few subject-matter areas with membership drawn from both houses.

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Input: [1] Conference committee [2]

Output: Committees formed from each house to reconcile the language of a bill as it emerges from the House and the Senate; “iron out” language differences.

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Input: [1] Bill [2]

Output: A proposed law that must be formally introduced by a member of the House or Senate.

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Input: [1] Select committee [2]

Output: Committees appointed for a single purpose, such as an investigation.

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Input: [1] Cloture [2]

Output: The vote (requiring 60 members present) to end a filibuster

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Input: [1] Legislative oversight [2]

Output: Congressional monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy; performed mainly through hearings.

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Input: [1] Omnibus legislation [2]

Output: Nickname given to miscellaneous, all-inclusive spending bills.

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Input: [1] Committee chairs [2]

Output: The most important influence on the congressional agenda; scheduling hearings, hiring staff, appointing subcommittees, and managing bills. They were once chosen strictly based on the seniority system, now they are mostly determined by the party in power.

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Input: [1] Reciprocity [2]

Output: The tradition in Congress of trading votes; also called “logrolling.”

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Input: [1] Seniority system [2]

Output: A rule for choosing committee chairs that has slowly been replaced since the 1970s.

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Input: [1] Junket [2]

Output: Nickname critics give to congressional trips (for business or not) at taxpayers’ expense.

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Input: [1] Gerrymandering [2]

Output: Strategic redistricting performed by the majority party of the state legislature after the census. Gerrymandering seeks to gain a geographic advantage for one party.

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Input: [1] Congressional Budget Office [2]

Output: Congressional agency responsible for analyzing the president’s proposed budget

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Input: [1] Miller v. Johnson, 1995 [2]

Output: U.S. Supreme Court case that banned racial gerrymandering.

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Input: [1] General Accounting Office [2]

Output: Non-partisan congressional agency that performs audits of the executive branch thereby helping with legislative oversight.

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Input: [1] US Term Limits, Inc. vs Thornton, 1995 [2]

Output: U.S. Supreme Court case striking down term limits for incumbents.

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Input: [1] Congressional Research Service [2]

Output: Non-partisan congressional agency that provides research for members and staff of Congress.

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Input: [1] Safe seat [2]

Output: Nickname for a seat of Congress that is well protected by incumbency

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Input: [1] Power of the purse [2]

Output: Phrase describing Congress’ budget appropriations power, one of the most powerful methods of legislative oversight.

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Input: [1] Twenty-second Amendment [2]

Output: Passed in 1951, the amendment that limits presidents to two terms of office.

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Input: [1] Impeachment [2]

Output: The political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law, prescribed by the Constitution. Impeachable offenses include “treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.”

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Input: [1] Watergate [2]

Output: The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President under the threat of impeachment.

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Input: [1] Twenty-fifth Amendment [2]

Output: Passed in 1951, this amendment permits the vice president to become acting president if both the vice president and the president’s cabinet determine that the president is disabled. The amendment also outlines how a recuperated president can reclaim the job.

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Input: [1] Cabinet [2]

Output: A group of presidential advisors not mentioned in the Constitution, although every president has had one. Today the cabinet is composed of 13 secretaries and the attorney general.

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Input: [1] Office of Management and Budget (OMB) [2]

Output: An office that grew out of the Bureau of the Budge, created in 1921, consisting of a handful of political appointee and hundreds of skilled professionals. The OMB performs both managerial and budgetary functions.

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Input: [1] Veto [2]

Output: The constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it. A two-thirds vote in each house can override a veto.

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Input: [1] Pocket Veto [2]

Output: A veto taking place when congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it.

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Input: [1] War Powers Resolution [2]

Output: A law passed in 1973 in reactions to American fighting in Vietnam and Cambodia, requiring president’s to consult with Congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless Congress declares war or grants an extension. Presidents view the resolution as unconstitutional.

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Input: [1] Legislation Veto [2]

Output: The ability of Congress to override a presidential decision. Although the War Powers Resolution asserts this authority, there is reason to believe that, if challenged the Supreme Court would find this legislative veto in violation of the doctrine of separation of powers.

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Input: [1] INS v. Chadha, 1983 [2]

Output: U.S. Supreme Court case striking down the legislative veto on account of its violation of the separation of powers.

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Input: [1] U.S. v. Nixon, 1974 [2]

Output: U.S. Supreme Court case defining executive privilege and limiting the president’s use of it in cases of national security.

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Input: [1] Impoundment [2]

Output: The practice of temporarily or permanently stopping the flow of funds that Congress has already approved.

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Input: [1] Budget and Impoundment Control Act, 1974 [2]

Output: Legislation creating the Congressional Budget Office and requiring congressional approval for the president’s use of impoundment.

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Input: [1] Korematsu v. U.S., 1944 [2]

Output: U.S. Supreme Court case upholding the constitutionality of internment camps for Japanese Americans.

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Input: [1] Clinton v. N.Y.C., 1998 [2]

Output: U.S. Supreme Court case that strikes down the line-item veto, passed by Congress only two years earlier.

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Input: [1] Standing [2]

Output: The requirement that plaintiffs have a serious interest in a case; depending on whether they have sustained a direct injury.

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Input: [1] Original jurisdiction [2]

Output: The jurisdiction of the courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These are the courts that determine the facts about a case.

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Input: [1] Appellate jurisdiction [2]

Output: The jurisdiction of courts that hear cases brought to them on appeal from lower courts. These courts do not review the factual record, only the legal issues involved.

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Input: [1] District courts [2]

Output: The 91 federal courts of original jurisdiction. They are the only federal courts in which trials are held and in which juries may be impaneled.

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Input: [1] Courts of Appeal [2]

Output: Appellate courts empowered to review all final decisions of district courts, except in rare cases. In addition, they also hear appeals to orders of many federal regulatory agencies.

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Input: [1] Supreme Court [2]

Output: The “highest court in the land,” ensuring uniformity in interpreting national laws, resolving conflicts among states, and maintaining national supremacy in law. It has both original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction.

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Input: [1] Senatorial courtesy [2]

Output: An unwritten tradition whereby nominations for state-level federal judicial posts are not confirmed if they are opposed by a senator from the state in which the nominee will serve.

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Input: [1] Solicitor General [2]

Output: A presidential appointee in the Department of Justice responsible or choosing and arguing cases before the Supreme Court on behalf of the U.S. government.

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Input: [1] Opinion [2]

Output: A statement of legal reasoning behind a judicial decision; the content of which may be as important as the decision itself (majority, concurring, dissenting).

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Input: [1] Precedent [2]

Output: How similar cases have been decided in the past.

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Input: [1] Original intent [2]

Output: A view that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the original intent of the Framers. This intent is mainly expressed in the convention debate notes as well as the Federalist Papers.

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Input: [1] Judicial implementation [2]

Output: The process of remanding decisions to the lower courts to be enforced, and thereby converted into actual policy.

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Input: [1] Judicial restraint [2]

Output: A judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles.

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Input: [1] Judicial activism [2]

Output: A judicial philosophy that advocates bold policy decisions to correct social and political problems.

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Input: [1] Writ of certiorari [2]

Output: A formal document from the U.S. Supreme Court that calls up a case from the lower courts.

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Input: [1] Rule of Four [2]

Output: Minimum number of justices that must be in agreement to grant the writ of certiorari.

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Input: [1] Vetting [2]

Output: A term describing the senatorial screening process for all presidential appointees.

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Input: [1] "Paper trail" [2]

Output: A nickname given to a federal judge’s record of judicial rulings. This becomes relevant during the vetting process in the Senate.

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Input: [1] “Doctrine of stare decisis:” [2]

Output: From the latin for “let the decision stand” this doctrine holds that judicial precedent has the force of law. Strict supporters of this doctrine don’t like to see judges “legislate from the bench” and steer away from established precedent. Today, Supreme Court nominees are often asked about their stance regarding this doctrine.

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Input: [1] Brief [2]

Output: A document prepared by counsel as the basis for arguing a case, consisting of legal and factual arguments and the authorities in support of them.

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Input: [1] Incumbent [2]

Output: Members of Congress who already hold office.

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Input: [1] Pendleton Civil Service Act [2]

Output: Passed in 1883, an Act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than on patronage.

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Input: [1] Merit principle [2]

Output: The idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill.

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Input: [1] Hatch Act [2]

Output: A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics.

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Input: [1] Bureaucracy [2]

Output: A hierarchical authority structure that implements policy using task specialization.

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Input: [1] Independent Regulatory Agency [2]

Output: A government agency responsible for some sector of the economy, making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest. It also judges disputes over these rules. Examples include the SEC, FCC, FTC, FEC.

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Input: [1] Policy Implementation [2]

Output: The stage of policymaking between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people whom it affects. Implementation involves translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing program.

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Input: [1] Regulation [2]

Output: The use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector. Regulations pervade the daily lives of people and institutions.

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Input: [1] Deregulation [2]

Output: The lifting of restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer.

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Input: [1] (Administrative) discretion [2]

Output: The authority of bureaucratic administrators (“street-level bureaucrats”) to choose from various responses to a given problem; to be flexible. This power is what often leads to poor implementation and legislative oversight.

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Input: [1] Red tape [2]

Output: Derogatory nickname for regulations imposed by the bureaucracy.

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Input: [1] Voting Rights Act 1965 [2]

Output: Major civil rights legislation that banned discrimination in voting.

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Input: [1] Title IX of the Education Act of 1972 [2]

Output: Major civil rights legislation that banned discrimination in education.

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Input: [1] Civil liberties [2]

Output: Personal freedoms, e.g., speech, assembly, religion.

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Input: [1] Clear and present danger doctrine [2]

Output: Judicial interpretation of Amendment 1 that government may not ban speech unless such speech poses an imminent threat to society.

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Input: [1] De facto segregation [2]

Output: Segregation “by fact,” i.e., segregation that results from such factors as housing patterns rather than law.

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Input: [1] De jure segregation [2]

Output: Segregation by law, i.e., segregation that is required by government.

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Input: [1] Double jeopardy [2]

Output: Being prosecuted twice for the same offense. Banned by Amendment 5.

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Input: [1] Due process clause [2]

Output: Prohibits national government (5th Amendment) and states (14th Amendment) from denying life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

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Input: [1] Equal protection clause [2]

Output: 14th Amendment clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat distinction.

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Input: [1] Eminent domain [2]

Output: The right of government to take private property for the public good. Fair compensation must be paid to the owner of such property.

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Input: [1] Establishment clause [2]

Output: Provision of Amendment 11 that prohibits Congress from establishing an official state religion. This is the basis for separation of church and state.

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Input: [1] Exclusionary Rule [2]

Output: Supreme Court guideline that excludes the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

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Input: [1] Free exercise clause [2]

Output: Provision of Amendment 1 stating that Congress may not prohibit the free exercise of religion.

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Input: [1] Grandfather clause [2]

Output: Southern laws that excluded blacks from exercising suffrage by restricting the right to vote to only those whose grandfathers had voted before 1865.

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Input: [1] Grand jury [2]

Output: Determines whether or not to bring criminal charges against a suspect.

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Input: [1] Incorporation [2]

Output: Applying the Bill of Rights to the states. A “total incorporation” view is that the states must obey all provisions of the Bill of Rights because of the due process clause of the 14th Amendment. A “selective incorporation” view is that states must obey only some of the provisions of the Bill of Rights.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Indictment [2]

Output: Grand jury order that a suspect must stand trial for a criminal offense.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Jim Crow laws [2]

Output: Southern laws that required racial segregation in places of public accommodation.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Libel [2]

Output: Written untruths that damage a reputation.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Literacy Test [2]

Output: Southern method of excluding blacks from exercising suffrage by requiring that voters prove their ability to read and write.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Miranda warnings [2]

Output: Warnings that must be read to suspects prior to questioning. Suspects must be advised that they have the rights of silence and counsel.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Plea Bargain [2]

Output: Arrangement in which a suspect pleads guilty to a lesser offense in order to avoid a trial. The manner in which most cases are disposed of.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Police powers [2]

Output: Powers that allow states to pass laws protecting the health, welfare, safety, and morals of their residents.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Poll Tax [2]

Output: Southern method of excluding blacks from exercising suffrage by requiring payment of a tax prior to voting.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Prior Restraint [2]

Output: When a court stops expression before it is made, e.g., prohibiting a demonstration by a radical group because the assembly is likely to become violent. Presumed to be unconstitutional.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Racial Gerrymandering [2]

Output: Drawing of legislative boundaries to give electoral advantages to a particular racial group. “Majority-minority” districts include large numbers of racial minorities in order to ensure minority representation in legislatures.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Sedition [2]

Output: Advocacy of the overthrow of the government.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Separate but equal [2]

Output: Supreme Court doctrine established in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. Allowed state-required racial segregation in places of public accommodation as long as the facilities were equal.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Shield law [2]

Output: State laws that protect journalists from having to reveal their sources.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Slander [2]

Output: Spoken untruths that damage reputation.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Strict scrutiny [2]

Output: Supreme Court guideline for determining if government can make racial distinctions. According to this guideline, such distinctions are highly suspect and are allowed only if they are narrowly tailored to serve compelling government interest.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] White primary [2]

Output: Primary election in which Southern states allowed only whites to vote.

AP American Government and Politics Vocabulary - Curtis High School Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Cholesterol] Endogenous and Exogenous Cholesterol

Output: Exogenous: dietary sources Endogenous: -manufactured in the body, primarily the liver -An enzyme,(HMG CoA), is an essential catalyst in the hepatic synthesis of endogenous cholesterol

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] Lipoproteins

Output: -Serve as carriers for transporting cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood b/c they allow them to become soluble for transport -LDL & HDL lipoproteins are primarily composed of cholesterol

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] HDL

Output: -Higher percentage of protein and less lipid -Promote cholesterol REMOVAL (carrying it back to liver for storage)

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] LDL

Output: -Lower percentage of protein -DELIVER cholesterol to the tissues -Contribute significantly to heart disease and primary targets of drug therapy

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] VLDL

Output: (very low density) lipoproteins contain triglycerides as their core lipids

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] HMG CoA

Output: An essentail catalyst in the hepatic synthesis of endogenous cholesterol

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

Output: -Widely effective, used, and minimal SEs -Inhibit HMG CoA reductase decreasing cholesterol production and increasing synthesis of LDL receptors on liver cells which removes cholesterol -Responses are dose dependent occuring w/in 2 weeks; given orally -Prototype: lipitor

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] Lipitor

Output: -Statin -DON'T TAKE WHEN PREGNANT -Hepatotoxicity RARE- monitor liver function; myositis RARE

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] Lipitor interactions

Output: -Do not take with macrolides and grapefruit juice

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] Bile Acid Binding Resins

Output: -Cholestyramine and colestipol -Form an insoluble mass with bile salts in the intestine increasing their excretion -LDL levels lowered b/c they're used to create new bile acids -Excreted unchanged in the stool

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] Adverse Effects: Bile Acid Binding Resins

Output: -Nausea, bloating, constipation -No systemic absorption

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] Colesevelam (Welchol)

Output: A new drug in this category (resins) that is better tolerated and does not block the absorption of fat soluble vitamins and most drugs

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] Nicotinic Acid (Niacor)

Output: Decreases the production of VLDLs -Increases HDL levels more effectively than any other drug -SEs more common

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] SEs: Nicotinic Acid

Output: Intense flushing and itching, GI upset, hepatotoxicity

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)

Output: -Most affective drugs for reducing VLDL levels -Raise HDL levels but do not reduce LDL levels

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [Cholesterol] Blockade of Cholesterol Absorption

Output: Ezetimibe: a new drug that acts on the cells of the intestinal brush border to block cholesterol absorption -Used adjunct to diet modification, often in combination w/ statins -Generally well tolerated

Drugs that Lower Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels Flashcards - Cram.com

Component of all cell membranes and is required for synthesis of: -Hormones -Bile salts


Input: [machination] maelstrom [plot or scheme]

Output: whirlpool; turmoil; agitated state of mind

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] magnate [plot or scheme]

Output: powerful or influential person

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] malediction [plot or scheme]

Output: a curse; a wish of evil upon another

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] malinger [plot or scheme]

Output: to evade responsibility by pretending to be ill

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] malleable [plot or scheme]

Output: capable of being shaped

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] mannered [plot or scheme]

Output: artificial or stilted in character

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] mar [plot or scheme]

Output: to damage or deface; to spoil

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] martinet [plot or scheme]

Output: strict disciplinarian; one who rigidly follows rules

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] maudlin [plot or scheme]

Output: overly sentimental

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] mendacious [plot or scheme]

Output: dishonest

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] mendicant [plot or scheme]

Output: beggar

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] mercurial [plot or scheme]

Output: quick, shrewd, and unpredictable

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] meretricious [plot or scheme]

Output: gaudy; falsely attractive

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] metaphor [plot or scheme]

Output: figure of speech comparing two different things

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] meticulous [plot or scheme]

Output: extremely careful; fastidious; painstaking

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] militate [plot or scheme]

Output: to operate against; work against

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] mirth [plot or scheme]

Output: frivolity; gaiety; laughter

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] misanthrope [plot or scheme]

Output: a person who dislikes others

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] missive [plot or scheme]

Output: a written note or letter

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] mitigate [plot or scheme]

Output: to soften; to lessen

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] mollify [plot or scheme]

Output: to calm or make less severe

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] molt [plot or scheme]

Output: to shed hair, skin, or an outer layer periodically

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] monastic [plot or scheme]

Output: extremely plain or secluded, as in a monastery

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] monotony [plot or scheme]

Output: no variation; tediously the same

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] mores [plot or scheme]

Output: fixed customs or manners; moral attitudes

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] multifarious [plot or scheme]

Output: diverse

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [machination] myopic [plot or scheme]

Output: lacking foresight; having a narrow view or short-range perspective

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] Compensable Factors

Output: skill effort responsibility working conditions

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] human capital theory

Output: employee's knowledge and skills generate productive human capital

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] forms of extrinsic compensation

Output: base pay cost of living adj seniority pay merit pay incentive pay pay for knowledge skill based

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] Internal Consistency

Output: Job Analysis: describes content or job duties, worker requirements, and job context Job Evaluation: recognize differences n the relative worth among a set of jobs

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] External Equity

Output: Strategic Analysis: examine external market and internal factors Compensation Survey: analyze competitor's comp data

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] Individual Equity

Output: *recognize individual contributions* - pay structure: pay rate differences for jobs of unequal worth - pay grade: structural features of pay systems. clumped in based on compensable factors and value - pay range: max , min, and midpoint pay rates

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] power distance

Output: the extent to which people accept a hierarchical system or power structure in companies

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] individualism- collectivism

Output: personal independence v. group membership

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] uncertainty avoidance

Output: how does a society deal with risk and instability?

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] masculinity v. femininity

Output: masculine or feminine values. masculine: possessions feminine: caring, nuturing behavior

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] traditional hierarchy

Output: effeciency decision making flows downward

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] flattening the org

Output: less beaurocratic adaptive, high involvement org structure

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] team orientation

Output: require compensation rewards for collective behavior

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] growth companies

Output: market- competitive pay systems low discresionary benefits

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] mature companies

Output: have large, well developed internal labor markets pay for knowledge and skill based pay programs

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] decline

Output: differentiation strategy

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] title vii of cra 1964

Output: describes disparate treatement and disparate impact based on: race, color, sex, national origin, religion

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] disparate treatment

Output: intentional discrimination

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] disparate impact

Output: unintentional discrimination 4/5 rule

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] bennett amendment

Output: allows employees to charge employers with title vii violations regarding pay only when the employer has violated the equal pay act of 1963

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978

Output: ammendment to title vii prevents discrimination against pregnant women for all employment practices

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] cra of 1991

Output: reversed atonio v. wards cove packing co., lorance v. at and t, and boureslan v. aramco employers must show that the challenged employment practice is a business necessity

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] atonio v. wards cove packing co

Output: ruled that plaintiffs must indicate which employment practice created disparate impact and demonstrate how the employment practice created it overturned by cra of 1991

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] boureslan v. aramco

Output: ruled that federal job discrim laws do not apply to us citizens working for us comps in foreign companies overturned by cra of 1991

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] exec order 11246

Output: requires contractors w/ gov contracts worth more than $50000 /year and 50 + employees to develop aa plans

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967

Output: protects workers age 40+ from discrimination

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] Older Workers Benefit Protection Act

Output: 1900 ammendment to the ADEA: placed restrictions on employer benefit practices. under particular circumstances, employers can require older workers to pay more for health care insurance than younger employees equal benefit or equal cost principle: employers must offer benefits to older workers than are equal to or more than the benefits given to younger workers with one exception. The OWBPA does not require employers to provide equal or more benefits to older workers when the costs to do so are greater than for younger workers

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Output: prohibits discrimination against individuals with mental or physical disabilities title 1: requires employers to provide "reasonable accomodation" to disabled employees

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] family and medical leave act of 1993

Output: provides employees with job protection in cases of family or medical

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] portal to portal act of 1935

Output: defines the term hours worked as it appears in the FLSA

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

Output: Min Wage Overtime pay Child labor laws

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] National Labor Relations Act of 1935

Output: fed gov requires employers to enter into good-faith negotiations with workers over the term of employment

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] seniority v. longevity pay

Output: seniority stops at the top of the pay grade-- assumes person will move to next grade longevity assumes they will not move into the next one

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] vapor pay

Output: seniority, etc just for breathing

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] goals of a performance management system

Output: reliability validity practicality standardization discrimination (free)

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] promote nondiscrim performance appraisal practices

Output: 1) conduct job analysis to determine characteristics necessary for job performance 2) incorporate the characteristics into a rating instrument 3) Train supervisors to use the rating instrument properly 4) formal appeal mechanisms and reivew of ratings by upper level personnel help to make practices more accurate

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] purposes of perform mgmnt

Output: development admin decision making

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] reliability

Output: ex: 360 degree more reliable

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] validity

Output: avoid contamination/ deficiency contamination: over praise, etc deficiency: does not address effective job performancet

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] practicality

Output: accepted by users

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] standardization

Output: consistent

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] Comparative methods

Output: ranking - paired comparison - dividual ranking - group ranking (forced distribution)

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] Absolute methods

Output: - trait rating scale - bars/bos - behavior - mbo- goals

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [Job Characteristic Theory] who should rate?

Output: superviors peers managers must: understand job no biased can observe behavior

Strategic Compensation Test 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

*intrinsic motivation* skill variety task variety task significance autonomy feedback


Input: [1] Binding [2]

Output: A binder is an ingredient used to bind together two or more other materials in mixtures.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Bulking [2]

Output: Bulking agents such as starch are additives that increase the bulk of a food without affecting its nutritional value.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Antioxidants [2]

Output: Antioxidants such as vitamin C act as preservatives by inhibiting the effects of oxygen on food, and can be beneficial to health.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Food coloring [2]

Output: Colorings are added to food to replace colors lost during preparation, or to make food look more attractive.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Emulsifiers [2]

Output: Emulsifiers allow water and oils to remain mixed together in an emulsion, as in mayonnaise, ice cream, and homogenized milk.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Flavours [2]

Output: Flavors are additives that give food a particular taste or smell, and may be derived from natural ingredients or created artificially.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Flavor enhancers [2]

Output: Flavor enhancers enhance a food's existing flavors. They may be extracted from natural sources (through distillation, solvent extraction, maceration, among other methods) or created artificially.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Glazing agents [2]

Output: Glazing agents provide a shiny appearance or protective coating to foods.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Preservatives [2]

Output: Preservatives prevent or inhibit spoilage of food due to fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Sweeteners [2]

Output: Sweeteners are added to foods for flavoring. Sweeteners other than sugar are added to keep the food energy (calories) low, or because they have beneficial effects for diabetes mellitus and tooth decay and diarrhea.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Thickeners [2]

Output: Thickeners are substances which, when added to the mixture, increase its viscosity without substantially modifying its other properties.

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Economic Growth, Full Employment, Economic efficiency, price level stability, economic freedom, equitable distribution of income, economic security, balance of trade

Output: Economic Goals

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: Involves formulating theories and using them to understand and explain economic behavior & the economy

Output: Thoeretical Economics

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: Using the theories to fix economic problems or promote economic goals.

Output: Policy Economics

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: examines either the economy as a whole or its basic subdivisions, such as household, government, and business

Output: Macroeconomics

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: looks at specific economic units and its details

Output: Microeconomics

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: to achieve one we must sacrifice another

Output: tradeoffs

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: Focuses on facts and cause and effect relationships (theoretical economics)"What is"

Output: Positive economics

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: incorporates value judgements about what the economy should be like or what policies should be recommended ( Policy economics)"What ought to be"

Output: Normative Economics

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: Assumption that what is true for one person is true for a group of people or the whole.

Output: Fallacy of Composition

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: State the goals, determine the policy options, and implement and evaluate the policy that was selected.

Output: Economic Policy

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: Economic theories, laws, principles or models

Output: Generalizations

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: simplifications that omit irrelevant facts and circumstances

Output: Abstractions

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: other things-equal assumption. They assume all other variables except those under immediate consideration are held constant.

Output: Ceteris Paribus

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: (positive relationship) two variables -consumption and income-change in the same direction

Output: Direct relationship

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: (Negative relationship) two variables change in opposite directions

Output: Inverse relationship

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: Cause or the source

Output: Independent variable

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: the effect of the outcome

Output: Dependent variable

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: y= dependent variable a=vertical intercept b=slope of the line x=independent variable

Output: Y=A+ bx

What does the economic prespective streses?


Input: [plot or scheme] whirlpool; turmoil; agitated state of mind [machination]

Output: maelstrom

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] powerful or influential person [machination]

Output: magnate

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] a curse; a wish of evil upon another [machination]

Output: malediction

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] to evade responsibility by pretending to be ill [machination]

Output: malinger

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] capable of being shaped [machination]

Output: malleable

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] artificial or stilted in character [machination]

Output: mannered

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] to damage or deface; to spoil [machination]

Output: mar

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] strict disciplinarian; one who rigidly follows rules [machination]

Output: martinet

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] overly sentimental [machination]

Output: maudlin

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] dishonest [machination]

Output: mendacious

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] beggar [machination]

Output: mendicant

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] quick, shrewd, and unpredictable [machination]

Output: mercurial

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] gaudy; falsely attractive [machination]

Output: meretricious

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] figure of speech comparing two different things [machination]

Output: metaphor

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] extremely careful; fastidious; painstaking [machination]

Output: meticulous

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] to operate against; work against [machination]

Output: militate

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] frivolity; gaiety; laughter [machination]

Output: mirth

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] a person who dislikes others [machination]

Output: misanthrope

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] a written note or letter [machination]

Output: missive

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] to soften; to lessen [machination]

Output: mitigate

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] to calm or make less severe [machination]

Output: mollify

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] to shed hair, skin, or an outer layer periodically [machination]

Output: molt

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] extremely plain or secluded, as in a monastery [machination]

Output: monastic

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] no variation; tediously the same [machination]

Output: monotony

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] fixed customs or manners; moral attitudes [machination]

Output: mores

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] diverse [machination]

Output: multifarious

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [plot or scheme] lacking foresight; having a narrow view or short-range perspective [machination]

Output: myopic

Words that start with the letter M Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [compression ratio] volumetric efficiency

Output: The amount of air that actually enters the cylinder as to how much could have theoretically entered is called what?

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] work

Output: What is the result of force causing movement?`

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] horsepower

Output: A means of measuring work over a period of time

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] the fuels ignition quality

Output: What is the cetane rating of diesel fuel?

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] anti-friction bearings

Output: Bearings which use balls or rollers to decrease friction

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] friction

Output: the resistance to motion produced when two objects rub against each other.

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] float circuit

Output: regulates the level of fuel in the bowl

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] idle circuit

Output: meters the fuel for idle conditions

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] intermediate circuit

Output: meters the fuel for part throttle operation

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] high speed circuit

Output: utilizes the venturi and performs fuel metering at highway speeds

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] high speed-full power circuit

Output: used when passing or a heavy load is placed on the engine

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] accelerator pump circuit

Output: adds raw fuel on start up and acceleration off idle to smooth the transition

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [compression ratio] choke circuit

Output: will activate all the circuits for start up using a vacuum

What does the relationship of the difference in the volume of the cylinder between TDC and BDC determine?


Input: [2] Deviance [1]

Output: Behavior that violates significant social norms


Input: [2] stigma [1]

Output: mark of social disgrace that sets the deviance apart from teh rest of society


Input: [2] criminalologistd [1]

Output: social scientists who study criminal behavior


Input: [2] Strain theory [1]

Output: views deviance as the natural otugrowth of teh value, norms, and structure of society


Input: [2] Anomie [1]

Output: situation that arise when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable


Input: [2] control theory [1]

Output: explains deviance as a natural occurance


Input: [2] cultural transmiaaon theory [1]

Output: explains deviance as a learned behavior


Input: [2] differntial association [1]

Output: frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondevian individual


Input: [2] techniques of neutralization [1]

Output: suspend their moral beliefs to commite deviant acts


Input: [2] labeling theory [1]

Output: focuses on how individuals come to be identified as deviant


Input: [2] primiary deviance [1]

Output: nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority


Input: [2] secondary deviance [1]

Output: individuals being labeled as deviant and accepting the label as true


Input: [2] degradation ceremony [1]

Output: process of labeling an individual as deviant is usually accompained by Harold Garfinkel


Input: [2] crime [1]

Output: any act that is labeled as such by those in authority, is prohibited by law, and is punishable by the government


Input: [2] white-collar crime [1]

Output: high social status in professional lives


Input: [2] crime syndicate [1]

Output: large-scale orgainization of professional criminals that control some vice or business through violence or the threat of viloence


Input: [2] criminal-justice system [1]

Output: police, courts, and corrections


Input: [2] police discretion [1]

Output: the number id criminal offenses and teh number if full time police officers make it neccessary for the police to employ discretion in their decision involving arrest


Input: [2] racial profiling [1]

Output: practice of assuming that nonwhite Americans are mosre likely to commit crime than white Americans


Input: [2] plea barganing [1]

Output: process if legal negotiation that allows an accused person to plead guilty to a lesser charge in return for a lighter sentence


Input: [1] adaptation [2]

Output: A body part that helps an animal survive in his environment.

Animal Adaptations-Science 4th gr. Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] stimulus [2]

Output: A change in environment that causes a reponse.

Animal Adaptations-Science 4th gr. Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] response [2]

Output: The reaction of an animal to a noise.

Animal Adaptations-Science 4th gr. Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] mimicry [2]

Output: An animal's ability to copy the appearance of another animal.

Animal Adaptations-Science 4th gr. Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] hibernation [2]

Output: A sleeplike state in which some animals pass the winter.

Animal Adaptations-Science 4th gr. Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] migration [2]

Output: The seasonal movement of animals from one place to another.

Animal Adaptations-Science 4th gr. Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A viceroy butterfly looks like the poisonous monarch butterfly. [2]

Output: This adaptation helps the animal defend itself.

Animal Adaptations-Science 4th gr. Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Burrowing owls live in empty burrows. [2]

Output: This adaptation helps the animal get shelter.

Animal Adaptations-Science 4th gr. Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Badgers can smell prairie dogs under the earth. [2]

Output: This adaptation helps the animal find food.

Animal Adaptations-Science 4th gr. Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Gopher snakes can open their mouths very wide. [2]

Output: This adaptation helps the animal eat food.

Animal Adaptations-Science 4th gr. Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A binder is an ingredient used to bind together two or more other materials in mixtures. [1]

Output: Binding

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Bulking agents such as starch are additives that increase the bulk of a food without affecting its nutritional value. [1]

Output: Bulking

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Antioxidants such as vitamin C act as preservatives by inhibiting the effects of oxygen on food, and can be beneficial to health. [1]

Output: Antioxidants

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Colorings are added to food to replace colors lost during preparation, or to make food look more attractive. [1]

Output: Food coloring

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Emulsifiers allow water and oils to remain mixed together in an emulsion, as in mayonnaise, ice cream, and homogenized milk. [1]

Output: Emulsifiers

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Flavors are additives that give food a particular taste or smell, and may be derived from natural ingredients or created artificially. [1]

Output: Flavours

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Flavor enhancers enhance a food's existing flavors. They may be extracted from natural sources (through distillation, solvent extraction, maceration, among other methods) or created artificially. [1]

Output: Flavor enhancers

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Glazing agents provide a shiny appearance or protective coating to foods. [1]

Output: Glazing agents

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Preservatives prevent or inhibit spoilage of food due to fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms. [1]

Output: Preservatives

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Sweeteners are added to foods for flavoring. Sweeteners other than sugar are added to keep the food energy (calories) low, or because they have beneficial effects for diabetes mellitus and tooth decay and diarrhea. [1]

Output: Sweeteners

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Thickeners are substances which, when added to the mixture, increase its viscosity without substantially modifying its other properties. [1]

Output: Thickeners

GCSE Food Technology Method in Cooking Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Process of determining whether a presenting problem meets the established criteria for a specific psychological disorder. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Diagnosis

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Degree to which a measurement is consistent--for example, over time or among different raters. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Reliability

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Degree to which a technique measures what it purports to measure. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Validity

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Process of establishing specific norms and requirements for a measurement technique to ensure it is used consistently across measurement occasions. This includes instructions for administering the measure, evaluating its findings, and comparing these with data for large numbers of people. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Standardization

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Relatively coarse preliminary test of a client's judgement, orientation to time and place, and emotional and mental state; typically conducted during an initial interview. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Mental Status Exam

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Measuring, observing, and systematically evaluating (rather than inferring) the client's thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the actual problem situation or context. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Behavioral Assessment

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Psychoanalytically based measure that presents ambiguous stimuli to clients on the assumption that their responses can revel their unconscious conflicts, Such tests are inferrential and lack high reliability and validity. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Projective Test

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. Antecedents 2. Behavior 3. Consequences [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Observational Assessment focuses on 3 things

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. Reliability 2. Validity 3. Standardization [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Value of Assessment depends on 3 things:

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Self-report questionnaire that assesses personal traits by asking respondents to identify description that apply to themselves. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Personality Inventory

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Score on an intelligence test estimating a person's deviation from average test performance [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Assessment of brain and nervous system functioning by testing an individual's performance on behavioral tasks. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Neuropsychological Testing

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Assessment error in which pathology is reported (that is, test results are negative) when more is actually present. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: False Positive

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Assessment error in which no pathology is noted (that is, test results are negative) when one is actually present. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: False Negative

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sophisticated computer-aided procedures that allow nonintrusive examination of nervous system structure and function. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Neuroimaging

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Measurements of changes in the nervous system reflection psychological or emotional events such as anxiety, stress, and sexual arousal. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Psychophysiological Assessment

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Measure of electrical activity patters in the brain, taken through electrodes placed on the scalp. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Electroecephalogram (EEG)

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Assignment of objects or people to categories on the basis of shared characteristics. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Classification

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: System of naming and classification (for example, of specimens) in science. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Taxonomy

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Classification and naming system of medical psychological phenomena. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Nosology

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In a naming system of nosology, the actual labels or names that are applied. In psychopathology, these include mood disorders and eating disorders. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Nomenclature

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Classification method founded on the assumption of clear-cut differences among disorders, each with a different known cause. Also known as pure categorical approach. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Classical Categorical Approach

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Method of categorizing characteristics on a continuum rather than on a binary, either-or, or all-or-none basis. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Dimensional Approach

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: System for categorizing disorders using both essential, defining characteristics and a range of variation on other characteristics. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: prototypical approach

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Extent to which a disorder would be found among a patients relatives. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Familial Aggregation

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Presence of two or more disorders in an individual at the same time. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Comorbidity

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Applying a name to a phenomenon or a pattern of behavior. The label may acquire negative connotations or be applied erroneously to the person rather than to that person's behaviors. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Labeling

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Educated guess or statement to be tested by research. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Hypothesis

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Plan of experimentation used to test a hypothesis [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Research Design

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Extent to which the results of a study can be attributed to the independent variable after confounding alternative explanations have been ruler out. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Internal Validity

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Extent to which research findings generalize, or apply, to people and settings not involved in the study. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: External Validity

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Ability of a hypothesis, for example, to be subjected to scientific scrutiny and to be accepted or rejected, a necessary condition for the hypothesis to be useful. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Testability

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In an experiment study, the phenomenon that is measured and expected to be influenced. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Independent Variable

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Phenomenon manipulated by the experimenter in a study and expected to influence the dependent variable. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Independent variable

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any factor occurring in a study that makes the results uninterpretable because its effects cannot be separated from those of the variable being studied. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Confound

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Variable in a research study that was not part of the intended design and that may contribute to changes in the dependent variable. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Confounding Variable

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Croup of individuals in a study who are similar to the experimental subjects in every way but are not exposed to the treatment received by the experimental group. Their presence allows for a comparison of the differential effects of the treatment. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Control Group

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Method for placing individuals into research groups that assures each an equal chance of being assigned to any group, thus eliminating any systematic differences across groups. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Randomization

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Approach to research that employs subjects who are similar to clinical clients, allowing replication of a clinical problem under controlled conditions. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Analog Model

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Extent to which research results apply to a range of individuals not included in the study. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Generalizability

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Degree to which research findings have a useful and meaningful application to real problems. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Clinical Significance

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Small probability of obtaining the observed research findings by chance. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Statistical Significance

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tendency to consider all members of category as more similar that they are, ignoring their individual differences. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Patient Uniformity Myth

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research procedure in which a single person or small group is studied in detail. The method does not allow conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships, and findings can be generalized only with great caution. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Case Study Method

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Degree to which two variable are associated. In a positive correlation, the two variables increase or decrease together. In a negative correlation , one variable decreases as the other increases. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Correlation

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research procedure in which variables are measured and compared to detect any association but are not manipulated. Conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships are not permissible. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Correlational Study

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Possiblity that when two variables, A and B, are correlated variable A causes variable B or variable B causes variable A. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Directionality

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Association between two variables in which one increases as the other increases. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Positive Correlation

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Computed statistic reflecting the strength and direction of any association betwen the two variables. It can range from-1.00 through 0.00 (indicating no association) to + 1.00 with the absolute value indicating the strength and the sign reflecting the direction. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Correlation Coefficient

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Association between two variables in which on increases as the other decreases. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Negative Correlation

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Psychopathology research method examining the prevalence, distribution, and consequences of disorders in populations. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Epidemology

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research method that can establish causation by manipulating the variables in question and controlling for alternative explanations of any observed effects. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Experiment

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Behavior change resulting from the person's expectation of change rather than from the experimental manipulation itself. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Placebo Effect

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In an outcome experiment, a control group that does not receive the experimental manipulation but is given a similar procedure with an identical expectation of change, allowing the researched to assess any placebo effect. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Placebo Control Group

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Degree of change in phenomenon over time [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Variability

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Direction of change of behavior or behaviors (increasing/decreasing) [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Trend

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Degree of behavior change with different interventions (high or low) [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Level

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Removing a tx to note whether it has been effective. In single-case experimental designs, a behavior is measured (baseline), an independent variable is introduced (intervention), and then the intervention is withdrawn. Because the behavior continues to be measured throughout (repeated measurement), any effects of the intervention can be noted. Also called reversal deisgn. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Withdrawal Design

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Measured rate of a behavior before introduction of an intervention that allows comparison and assessment of the effects of the intervention. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Baseline

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Single-case experimental design in which measures are taken on two or more behaviors or on single behavior in two or more situations. A particular intervention is introduced for each at different times. If behavior changes is coincident with each introduction, this is strong evidence the intervention caused the change. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Multiple Baseline Design

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Observable characteristics or behaviors of an individual. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Phenotype

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Specific genetic makeup if an individual. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Genotype

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Ongoing scientific attempt to develop a comprehensive map of all human genes. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Human Genome Project

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Genetic study that examines patterns of traits and behaviors among relatives. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Family Study

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In genetic research, the individual displaying the trait or characteristic being studied. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Proband

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In genetics research, the study of first-degree relatives reared in different families and environments. If they share common characteristics, such as a disorder, this finding suggests that those characteristics have a genetic component. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Adoption Study

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In genetics research, the comparison of twins with unrelated or less closely related individuals. If twins, particularly monozygotic twins who share identical genotypes, share common characteristics such as disorder, even if they were reared in different environments, then strong evidence of genetic involvement in those characteristics exists. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Twin Study

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Study that seeks to match the inheritance pattern of a disorder to that of a genetic marker. This helps researchers establish the location of the gene responsible for the disorder. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Genetic Linkage Analysis

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inherited characteristic for which the chromosomal location of the responsible gene is known. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Genetic Marker

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Research strategy for comparing genetic markers in groups of people with and without a particular disorder. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Association Study

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inherited characteristics for which the chromosomal location of the responsible gene is known. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Genetic Marker

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Methodology to examine a characteristic by comparing individuals of different ages. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Cross-sectional design

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Participants in each age group of a stud with a cross-sectional design [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Cohort

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Observation that people of different age groups differ in their values and experiences. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Cohort Effect

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Literally "the view back"; data collected by examining records or recollection of the past. It is limited by the accuracy, validity, and thoroughness of the sources. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Restrospective Information

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Systematic study of changes in the same individual or groups examined over time. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Longitudinal Design

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Limit on the generalizability of longitudinal research because the group under study may differ from others in culture and experience. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Cross-generational Effect

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs involving repeated study of different cohorts over time. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Sequential Design

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Ethical requirement whereby research subjects agree to participate in a study only after they receive full disclosure about the nature of the study and their role in it. [Clinical Assessment]

Output: Informed Consent

Abnormal Psych: Ch 3 Flashcards - Cram.com