Input: marginal zone [Innate Immunity]

Output: What separates red and white pulp?

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T cells [Innate Immunity]

Output: What makes up PALS in white pulp?

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: splenic nodules [Innate Immunity]

Output: Where are the B cells in white pulp?

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: red pulp; The regions between sinusoids are occupied by pulp cords, rich in macrophages, reticular cells, and plasma cells [Innate Immunity]

Output: cords of billroth

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: no, no. [Innate Immunity]

Output: Does the spleen have afferent lymphatics? Lymph sinuses?

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: white pulp (i.e. B cell nodules and PALS) [Innate Immunity]

Output: Where is most of the spleen's lymphoid tissue located?

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, found on mucus membranes lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems; secondary lymphoid tissue [Innate Immunity]

Output: MALT

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: inactive= primary, active=secondary; B cells in the germinal center's center surrounded by marginal zone of memory cells [Innate Immunity]

Output: non-encapsulated lymphoid nodules

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Large aggregates of lymphoid follicles/nodules in the *ileum.* Nodules originate in the lamina propria and extend into the submucosa. [Innate Immunity]

Output: peyer's patches

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: specialized epithelial cells over follicles that endocytose microorganisms from the lumen, and pass them intact to the antigen-presenting cells in the Peyer’s patches. [Innate Immunity]

Output: microfold (M) cells

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: nasopharynx posterior wall; covered with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium- some portions may be stratified squamous epithelium (especially in older individuals). [Innate Immunity]

Output: Pharyngeal Tonsils (Adenoids)

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: surgical excision of the palatine tonsils [Innate Immunity]

Output: Tonsillectomy

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: composed of the tonsils and form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the entrance to the GI and respiratory tracts. [Innate Immunity]

Output: Waldeyer’s ring

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes or multiple small nodules below epithelium of the posterior third of the tongue. [Innate Immunity]

Output: Lingual Tonsils

Microanatomy 2-4 Immune System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Authoritarian and Democracy] is when the leader has all the power. [Types of government?]

Output: Authoritarian

Chapter 4 Louisiana history Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Authoritarian and Democracy] that the ruler comes to power by military force [Types of government?]

Output: Dictator

Chapter 4 Louisiana history Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Authoritarian and Democracy] they are born into it [Types of government?]

Output: Monarchy

Chapter 4 Louisiana history Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Authoritarian and Democracy] people have all the power [Types of government?]

Output: Democracy

Chapter 4 Louisiana history Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Authoritarian and Democracy] eletic people [Types of government?]

Output: Representative democracy

Chapter 4 Louisiana history Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Authoritarian and Democracy] everyone votes for everyone [Types of government?]

Output: Direct democracy

Chapter 4 Louisiana history Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Authoritarian and Democracy] they resistant the country [Types of government?]

Output: Constitutional monarchy

Chapter 4 Louisiana history Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] An independent individual that possesses all characteristics of life. [1]

Output: Organism

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] An organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms. [1]

Output: Autotroph

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or by eating their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials [1]

Output: Heterotroph

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Hereditary information recombines from 2 organisms of the same species the resulting off spring are similar but not identical to parents [1]

Output: Sexual Reproduction

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Hereditary information from different organisms are not combined so original organism and new organism are the same (No parents, 1 organism only). [1]

Output: Asexual Reproduction

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] The process by which a less specialized cell devolops or matures to become more distinct in form and function [1]

Output: Differentiation

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Embryonic cell that has the potential to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types [1]

Output: Stem Cell

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes. [1]

Output: Metabolism

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A signal to which an organism responds [1]

Output: Stimulus

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] process by which organism maintain a reletivly stable internal environment [1]

Output: Homeostasis

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the process by which organism as a group change over time; process where modern organisms have decended from ancienct organisms [1]

Output: Evolution

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the Intermolecular force occuring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attached to two unshared electrons of another molecule [1]

Output: Hydrogen Bond

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken apart by the addition of H and OH from a water molecule [1]

Output: Hydrolysis

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Chemical reaction in which smaller molecules are joined together by removing an H and an OH to make a water molecule [1]

Output: Dehydration Synthesis

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed of changed significantly. [1]

Output: Catalyst

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] type of protein or RNA molecule that speds up metabolic recations in the pants and animals without perm. changied or destroyed [1]

Output: Enzyme

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a part. substance, one element that lies beneath and supports another part , substance, or element [1]

Output: Substrate

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate [1]

Output: Active Site

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] has uneven charge with more negative charge on one side and more positive on the other [1]

Output: Polar Molecule

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] describes a polar molecule that mixes easily with water; means "water loving" [1]

Output: Hydrophilic

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] describes a non-polar molecule tthat tries to stay away from water; means "water fearing" [1]

Output: Hydrophobic

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a molecule that may react to another molecule of the same type to form a larger molecule. Combine with other through chemical bonds to form a larger molecule as in polymer [1]

Output: Monomer

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] made by monomers link by chemical bonds. also produce by polynerication natural or synthetically sugar* [1]

Output: Polymer

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] and group of the organic compounds that have carbon hydrogen and oxygen, suger startch and gums. something biomolecules [1]

Output: Carbohydrate

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] like glucosen, startch, and cellulose are made by joing many sugar molecules together. [1]

Output: Polysaccharide

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A fatty or waxy organic compound that is readily soluble in nonpolar solvent (e.g. ether) but not in polar solvent (e.g water). Its major biological functions involve energy storage, structural component of cell membrane, and cell signaling. [1]

Output: Lipid

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Any of the group of complex compounds consisting of linear chains of monomeric nucleotides whereby each monomeric unit is composed of phosphoric acid, sugar and nitrogenous base, and involved in the preservation, replication, and expression of hereditary information in every living cell The chains of nucleotides in a nucleic acid are linked by 3', 5' phosphodiester linkages. [1]

Output: Nucleic Acid

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] The basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It is an organic compound made up of nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. [1]

Output: Nucleotide

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] single stranded nucleic acid that makes up ribosomes carries info from dna out to cel [1]

Output: Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] double stranded nucleic acid that stores gentic information in cells [1]

Output: Deoxyribonucleuc Acid (DNA

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amindo acids joing together to make this [1]

Output: Protein

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] subunit used to make a protein. [1]

Output: Amino Acid

Honors Biology Chapters 1&2 Intro to Cell Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ___________ are the eye muscles that control the shape of the lenses. [Jeana Potter] Jeana Potter [Acuity]

Output: Ciliary Muscles

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ____________is the ability to detect the presence of dimly lit objects. [Jeana Potter] Jeana Potter [Acuity]

Output: Sensitivity

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are Cones? [Jeana Potter] Jeana Potter [Acuity]

Output: the visual receptors in the retina that mediate high-acuity color vision in good lighting.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: __________is the rapid movement of the eyes between fixations. [Jeana Potter] Jeana Potter [Acuity]

Output: Saccades.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What involves only one eye? [Jeana Potter] Jeana Potter [Acuity]

Output: Monocular

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is color consistency? [Jeana Potter] Jeana Potter [Acuity]

Output: The tendency of an object to appear the same color even when the wavelengths of light that it reflects change.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ________the procedure used to map scotomas. [Jeana Potter] Jeana Potter [Acuity]

Output: The Perimetry test

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: _________ is having a scotoma covering half of the visual field [Jeana Potter] Jeana Potter [Acuity]

Output: Hemianopsic

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: __________ is an inability to consciously recognize sensory stimuli of a particular class hat is not attributable to sensory deficit or a verbal or intellectual impairment. [Jeana Potter] Jeana potter [Acuity]

Output: Agnosia

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is sensation? [Jeana Potter] Nicole Stout [Acuity]

Output: the process of detecting the presence of a stimuli

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is acuity in vision? [Jeana Potter] Nicole Stout [Acuity]

Output: the ability to see the details of objects

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is rhodopsin? [Jeana Potter] Nicole Stout [Acuity]

Output: the photopigment of rods

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the 2 types of photoreceptors? [Jeana Potter] Nicole Stout [Acuity]

Output: rods and cones

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is parallel processing? [Jeana Potter] Nicole Stout [Acuity]

Output: simultaneous analysis of a signal in a different ways by the multiple parallel pathways of neural network

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the largest and most deeply positioned receptors? [Jeana Potter] Nicole Stout [Acuity]

Output: Pacinian Corpuscles

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The identification of objects by touch is called? [Jeana Potter] Nicole Stout [Acuity]

Output: Stereognosis

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the three somatosensation systems? [Jeana Potter] Nicole Stout [Acuity]

Output: Exteroceptive system, proprioceptive system, interoceptive system

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? [Jeana Potter] Nicole Stout [Acuity]

Output: 31

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How many ascending pathways to the brain? [Jeana Potter] Nicole Stout [Acuity]

Output: 2

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What five layers of the different types of neurons is the retina composed of? [Jeana Potter] Diana Dukovcic [Acuity]

Output: receptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, retinal ganglion cells

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Through what two major pathways does somatosensory informtation ascent, from each side of the body to the human cortex? [Jeana Potter] Diana Dukovcic [Acuity]

Output: the dorsal-column medial-lemniscus system and the anterolateral system

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the three phases of energy metabolism? [Jeana Potter] Diana Dukovcic [Acuity]

Output: the cephalic phase, the absorptive phase, and the fasting phase

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What nerve ending is responsible for localized, sharp, and distinct pain? [Jeana Potter] Kanon Peterson [Acuity]

Output: A-Delta Fibers

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What nerve ending is responsible for Diffuse, Burning, and aching pain? [Jeana Potter] Kanon Peterson [Acuity]

Output: C Fibers

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: If an inhibitory interneuron neuron is activated what happens to the pain signal headed towards the brain? [Jeana Potter] Kanon Peterson [Acuity]

Output: It is Inhibited

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Motor output is guided by sensory imput from what? [Jeana Potter] Kanon Peterson [Acuity]

Output: 1. accurate body map/homunculus 2.Inhibitory feedback from muscles and joints 3.Visual input

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which is it more likely to have multiple receptors cells bound to the retinal ganglion cell? Rods or Cones? [Jeana Potter] Kanon Peterson [Acuity]

Output: Rods, via multiple bipolar cells

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the lowest level in hierarchical organization of the sensory system? [Jeana Potter] Alaina Florez [Acuity]

Output: Sensation - detecting a stimuli.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the highest level in hierarchical organization of the sensory system? [Jeana Potter] Alaina Florez [Acuity]

Output: Perception - understanding a stimuli.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How should you think of your senses instead of thinking in terms of having 5 senses? [Jeana Potter] Alaina Florez [Acuity]

Output: You should think of yourself as having multiple sensory modalities, which tells you that you have multiple types of environmental and physical energy that you are able to process.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are some general characteristics of all sensory modalities? [Jeana Potter] Alaina Florez [Acuity]

Output: Sensation, Signal Reception, Transduction, Integration, Adaptation, Amplification, and Targets.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What results are caused by damage to tactile sensory system? [Jeana Potter] Alaina Florez [Acuity]

Output: Damage to peripheral receptors - Peripheral Neuropathy: Loss of senstaion. Damage to spinal cord - Paralysis and loss of sensation below the level of injury. A dysfunction in the perceptual process can provide a sensory deficit or an apparent sensory deficit in the absence of sensory dysfunction.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where does the posterior parietal association cortex receive input/organizes information from? [Jeana Potter] Alaina Florez [Acuity]

Output: Somatosensory Cortex, and the Temporal and Occipital Lobes.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the hierarchical organization of the sensation and perception system? [Jeana Potter] Alaina Florez [Acuity]

Output: Association Cortex, Secondary Sensory Cortex, Primary Sensory Cortex, Thalamus, Receptors.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the two association cortices with respect to the sensation and perception system? [Jeana Potter] Alaina Florez [Acuity]

Output: Posterior Parietal Association Cortex and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Association Cortex.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the sensory cortices with respect to the sensation and perception system? [Jeana Potter] Alaina Florez [Acuity]

Output: Primary Visual, Primary Auditory Cortex, Primary Motor Cortex, Somatosensory Cortex.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex initiate? And where does the DPAC output to? [Jeana Potter] Alaina Florez [Acuity]

Output: Initiates complex voluntary motor responses. Output to - Primary Motor Cortex, Secondary Motor Cortex, Frontal Eye Field, Basal Ganglia.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are parvocellular layers composed of, responsive to, and what provides the majority of the input? [Jeana Potter] Caleb Evans [Acuity]

Output: composed of small bodied neurons, responsive to color, and cones.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are magnocellular layers composed of, responsive to, and what provides the majority of the input? [Jeana Potter] Caleb Evans [Acuity]

Output: composed of large bodied neurons, responsive to movement, and rods.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is very important about color constancy? [Jeana Potter] Caleb Evans [Acuity]

Output: It is the tendency for an object to stay the same color despite major changes to the wavelengths of light that it reflects.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What information does the anterolateral system carry? [Jeana Potter] Caleb Evans [Acuity]

Output: Pain and temperature.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is a reflex that is elicited by a sudden external stretching force on a muscle? [Jeana Potter] Caleb Evans [Acuity]

Output: Stretch Reflex.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is sensation? [Jeana Potter] Melissa Allbee [Acuity]

Output: the ability to detect stimuli in the environment.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is perception? [Jeana Potter] Melissa Allbee [Acuity]

Output: the ability to form a useful internal representation from sensation.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the steps of Sensation? [Jeana Potter] Melissa Allbee [Acuity]

Output: 1. Signal Reception 2. Transduction 3. Integration 4. Adaptation 5. Amplification 6. Target

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the photoreceptors and what stimulates them? [Jeana Potter] Melissa Allbee [Acuity]

Output: Cones: color, bright light Rods: white/black, dim light

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the layers of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) and what are their properties? [Jeana Potter] Melissa Allbee [Acuity]

Output: Parvocellular Layer (p-layer) -channel run through the top 4 layers of LGN -composed of neurons w/small cell bodies -responsive to color, fine pattern, stationary objects -input primarily cones Magnocellular Layer (M-Layer) -channel runs through bottom 2 layers of LGN -composed of neurons w/ large body cells -responsive to movement -input primarily rods

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Association Cortex (DPAC) do? What are the output areas of the DPAC? [Jeana Potter] Melissa Allbee [Acuity]

Output: Initiates complex voluntary motor responses. Output- Primary motor cortex, secondary motor cortex, basal ganglia, and frontal eye field.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the three tracts of the Anterolateral System? [Jeana Potter] Melissa Allbee [Acuity]

Output: Spinothalamic tract-thalamus Spinotectal tract- tectum Spinoreticular- reticular formation

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What job does the thalamus have when there is pain in the brain? [Jeana Potter] Melissa Allbee [Acuity]

Output: Pain perception, threat orientation

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: During ascending signals, what do A-delta and c-fiber contribute? [Jeana Potter] Melissa Allbee [Acuity]

Output: They inhibit (IPSP) the inhibitory signal, allowing the T cell to fire and send pain signal to the brain.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the three phases of energy metabolism? [Jeana Potter] Melissa Allbee [Acuity]

Output: 1. Cephalic 2. Absorptive 3. Fasting

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Describe the specificity theory of pain. [Jeana Potter] Katelyn Johnson [Acuity]

Output: Pain is the transmission of signals from the body to pain centers in the brain. Pain is proportional to the injury.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the problems with the specificity theory? [Jeana Potter] Katelyn Johnson [Acuity]

Output: People who have bad injuries report little pain at times People with minor injuries report a lot of pain Phantom limb pain Deafferination does not remove pain

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the homunculi? [Jeana Potter] Katelyn Johnson [Acuity]

Output: Essentially body maps in our somatosensory and primary motor cortex that have designated areas which activate and send signals to each part of our body i.e. arms, face

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What motor pathways are the dorsolateral corticospinal tract responsible for? [Jeana Potter] Katelyn Johnson [Acuity]

Output: Distal limb muscles of legs Fine motor control of individual digits

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the procedure that Ramachandran came up with to help patients with phantom limb pain? [Jeana Potter] Katelyn Johnson [Acuity]

Output: Using mirrors to see the reflection of their intact limbs has helped them feel relief from the pain and discomfort of their phantom limb

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is kinesthesia? [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: location of the body in space

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cerebellum Function [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: 1. fine tuning of motor/cognitive responses 2.compares imput from motor systems and corrects deviations from plans

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Two ascending pathways to the brain [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: 1. Dorsal-column medial lemniscus system 2. Anterolateral system

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Damage to DPAC [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: problems in ability to plan, temporally sequences and initial sequences of actions

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Secondary Motor Cortex Functions [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: learning, planning, programming of movements, sequences of behaviors

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where does the secondary motor cortex receive input from [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: 1. primary motor cortex 2. association cortices

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Damage to secondary motor cortex in humans [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: problems with ability to perform complex sequences of behavior (walking, riding a bike)

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tactile sensory system: damage to peripheral receptors [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: peripheral neuropathy-loss of sensation

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tactile sensory system: damage to spinal cord [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: paralysis and loss of sensation below the level of the injury

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the hierarchical organization of sensation/perception system of tactile info? [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: 1. association cortex 2. secondary motor cortex 3. primary motor cortex 4. brain stem motor nuclei 5. spinal motor circuits

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: important characteristics of motor movement [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: -motor output guided by sensory input -motor plans caries as a function of learning -hierarchical system -motor movements can be cortically mediated and reflexive

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: characteristics of primary somatosensory/motor cortex homunculi [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: 1. more geography on cortex corresponds to greater sensory/motor specificity 2. more neurons with smaller receptive fields 3. more neurons projecting to spinal cord 4. neural plasticity

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Transduction in the visual system [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: -cones are color/fine detail detectors -rods located in peripheray -rods/cones stimulate bipheripheray

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True or false: rods need larger things to stimulate them? [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: True

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What color stands out most at night? [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: Blue

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the highest level of organization? [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: Perception

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Most general relay station? [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: Thalamus

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True or false: In the striate cortex more cortex is devoted to areas of high acuity? [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: True

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: For every 4 rods how many ganglion cells are there? [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: 1

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Basal ganglia get input from [Jeana Potter] Jordan Jakubov [Acuity]

Output: multiple cortical regions substantia nigra

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Motor programs of the secondary motor cortex [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: typing, driving car and writing

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Basal Ganglia output goes to [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: thalamus-->motor cortices

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Ascending Signals [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: Go from the bottom up -info from the environment to receptors to spinal cord to cortex

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Descending signals [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: Brain to motor neurons, top down

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Primary Motor Cortex [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: Spinal Efferents synapse with motor endplate and cause a muscle contraction

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 2 dorsolateral tracts [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: Distal limb movements and fine motor movements

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dorsolateral Coticospinal Tract [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: Synapse in medulla distal limb muscles of legs/fine motor or individual digits

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dorsolateral Corticrubrospinal tract [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: synapses in red nucleus also synapses with facial muscles so it also controls movement of them

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: two ascending pathways in the brain [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: dorsal column medial lemniscus system anterolateral system

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Anterolateral system carries... [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: pain information

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Response chunking [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: practice creates motor programs like driving or typing

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: learning shifts from [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: Higher to lower processing levels

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: DPAC and PPAC control [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: New Behaviors

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Secondary Motor Cortex Controls [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: practiced Behaviors

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: lawrence and kuypers experiment [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: wanted to find difference between dorsolateral and ventromedial pathways

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Basal Ganglia function [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: 1. modulates motor output 2. selection.initiation of learned motor responses 3. motor learning 4. complex cognitive tasks

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Basal Ganglia : input from/to [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: From: multiple cortical areas -substantia nigra To: Thalamus-->motor cortices

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Basal Ganglia Damage [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: results in parkinsons disease -resting tremor -trouble initiating motor patterns

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sensorimotor system : hierarchical organization, the information flows [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: From highest to lowest level: Association Cortex--muscles

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sensorimotor system: parallel processing [Jeana Potter] Blaine Muhl [Acuity]

Output: -signals flow between levels over multiple paths -enables the association cortex to control lower levels of hierarchy in more than one way

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What type of contrast X-Ray is most useful for identifying vascular damage? [Jeana Potter] Abby Krone [Acuity]

Output: Cerebral Angiogram

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which give you a clearer image of the brain? CT or MRI [Jeana Potter] Abby Krone [Acuity]

Output: MRI

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which scan was the FIRST to show brain activity? [Jeana Potter] Abby Krone [Acuity]

Output: PET scan

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What kind of signal is recorded by an fMRI? [Jeana Potter] Abby Krone [Acuity]

Output: BOLD:Blood Oxygen Level Development signal

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True or False: An fMRI provides structural AND functional info. [Jeana Potter] Abby Krone [Acuity]

Output: True

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True or False: fMRI's show activity of the brain [Jeana Potter] Abby Krone [Acuity]

Output: False- fMRI's show BOLD signals

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the main advantage a MEG has over a fMRI? [Jeana Potter] Abby Krone [Acuity]

Output: An MEG has better temporal resolution

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An EEG shows great temporal resolution but poor_______. [Jeana Potter] Abby Krone [Acuity]

Output: spatial resolution

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does an Electromyography measure? [Jeana Potter] Abby Krone [Acuity]

Output: Muscle tension

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does Electroculography measure? [Jeana Potter] Abby Krone [Acuity]

Output: Eye movement

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What machine uses high-resolution images constructed from waves that hydrogen atoms emit when activated by radio waves? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is a technique for examining brain structure by constructing a composite of x-ray images taken from many different angles of the brain? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Computerized Tomography (CT)

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What machine measures blood flow and oxygen use within the brain? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: fMRI

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the master gland? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: The pituitary gland

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the three types of hormones? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: steroid, amino acid/peptide, and protein hormones

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the difference between primary and secondary hypothyroidism? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Primary is caused by a failure of the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4. Secondary is caused by the failure of the pituitary gland to produce TSH.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What hormone helps make a male? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Testosterone

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which stress system deals with acute stress? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: SAM-CAT: sympathetic-adrenicortical medullary-catelcholamine

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which stress system deals with chronic stress? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: HPAC

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does schizophrenia mean? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: "split-brain"

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When antipsychotic medication is given to schizophrenics, what disease do the symptoms resemble? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Parkinson's Disease

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What brain structure appears smaller in people who have PTSD? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: The hippocampus

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the treatment exposure theory? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Exposure to feared stimuli in a safe environment can in turn make people less scared of the stimuli, and eventually overcome their PTSD

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the military now using for IRAQ war veterans to try and help with PTSD [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET)

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In which stage of sleep does REM occur? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Stage 1

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When does slow-wave sleep occur? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Stages 3 and 4

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What stage has k complexes? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Stage 2

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the activation-synthesis theory? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: That during REM sleep, many brain-stem circuits become active and bombard the cerebral cortex with neural signals.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are environmental cues called that entrain circadian rhythms? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Zeitgebers

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lesions of what part of the brain can disrupt circadian cycles? [Jeana Potter] Morgan Maxon [Acuity]

Output: Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) of the medial hypothalamus.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Greeks and Romans theorized that the cause of psychiatric illnesses was due to what? [Jeana Potter] Rebecca Temaat [Acuity]

Output: An imbalance of humors.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Eating, sleeping, and loss of sexual interest are some of the vegetative signs of what? [Jeana Potter] Rebecca Temaat [Acuity]

Output: Depression.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An example of a monoamine is what? [Jeana Potter] Rebecca Temaat [Acuity]

Output: Serotonin, Norepinepherine

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A lack of what monoamine causes depression? [Jeana Potter] Rebecca Temaat [Acuity]

Output: Serotonin.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When does schizophrenia usually begin? [Jeana Potter] Rebecca Temaat [Acuity]

Output: Late adolescence, early adulthood

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what does MRI stand for, and what is it? [Jeana Potter] Bea Raemdonck [Acuity]

Output: MRI = magnetic resonance imaging MRIs are high resolution images constructed from the measurement of waves that hydrogen atoms emit when they are activated by radio-frequency waves in the magnetic field.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is paired image subtraction technique? [Jeana Potter] Bea Raemdonck [Acuity]

Output: using PET and fMRI, the researcher obtains both images during several cognitive functions. tasks are designed so that pairs of them differ from each other in terms of only single contistuent cognitive processing tasks. then the brain activity associated with the process can be estimated by subtracting one of the two tasks from the activity in the image associated witht he other

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is a hormone? [Jeana Potter] Bea Raemdonck [Acuity]

Output: a chemical messenger produced by a gland that is carried by the circulatory system to a distant target organ.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are the two "key players" in hormones? [Jeana Potter] Bea Raemdonck [Acuity]

Output: hypothalamus and pituitary gland

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism or graves disease? [Jeana Potter] Bea Raemdonck [Acuity]

Output: protruding eyes, weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, anxiety, restlessness, mania, fatigue, heat intolerance, tremor, and rapid heart rate

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is the genetic difference between males and females? [Jeana Potter] Bea Raemdonck [Acuity]

Output: males have XY genes which produce testosterone and females have XX genes

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is the defining characteristic of the SAM CAT response and the HPAC response? [Jeana Potter] Bea Raemdonck [Acuity]

Output: SAM CAT= acute stress--> fight or flight HPAC= chronic stress -->conservation and hunkerdown

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: how do MAOIs and Tricyclic acids differ in treating depression? [Jeana Potter] Bea Raemdonck [Acuity]

Output: MAOIs = prevent breakdown of serotonin, epinephrine and nor epinephrin Tycyclic acids= block the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephine, histamine and acetylcholine

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: how do you know when someone is asleep? [Jeana Potter] Bea Raemdonck [Acuity]

Output: there is a characteristic change in brain functioning, the waking brain produces high frequency electrical activity, the sleeping brain has more synchronized electrical activity.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are the primary emotions? [Jeana Potter] Bea Raemdonck [Acuity]

Output: surprise, happy, sad, anger, fear, and disgust.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the characteristics of Stage 3 sleep? [Jeana Potter] Tanya Izrailev [Acuity]

Output: Delta waves (largest amplitude and lowest frequency)

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is Paradoxical sleep? [Jeana Potter] Tanya Izrailev [Acuity]

Output: During sleep, your EEG looks awake (active Beta waves and high HR and BP)

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What can occur to a fetus with XX chromosomes that is exposed to testosterone at 6 weeks? 12 weeks? 8 to 15 weeks? [Jeana Potter] Tanya Izrailev [Acuity]

Output: 6 weeks > testes 12 weeks > wolfian system and mullarian system present 8- 15 weeks > Penis

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The Y chromosome is the smallest but it is need to develop a man. What protein is produced by the Y chromosome and how is it linked to testosterone? [Jeana Potter] Tanya Izrailev [Acuity]

Output: Sry protein Sry protein stimulates the medulla of the gonads to develop into testes. Testes secrete testosterone

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the different kinds of hormones mentioned and the main ways they differ? [Jeana Potter] Alexa Hon [Acuity]

Output: 1. Steroid Hormones 2. Amino Acid/Peptide/Protein Hormones The 2nd type are more widely produced, packaged, and released by a number of different brain and somatic structures.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the posterior pituitary release? [Jeana Potter] Alexa Hon [Acuity]

Output: Releases stored Oxytocin and Vasopressin

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the anterior pituitary release and how is it stimulated. [Jeana Potter] Alexa Hon [Acuity]

Output: -stimulated by releasing hormones -releases stimulating/trophic hormones which cause the release of hormones from other glands.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What two forms of thyroid hormone are secreted by the thyroid? [Jeana Potter] Alexa Hon [Acuity]

Output: Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the 2 stages of hypothyroidism? Describe them. [Jeana Potter] Alexa Hon [Acuity]

Output: Primary hypothyroidism: caused by failure of the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4; has various causes Secondary hypothyroidism: caused by failure of the pituitary gland to produce TSH; cause is unknown but risk factors include family history, being female and being >50 years old.

PSYC 370: KU Brain and Behavior Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: development and use of information systems that help businesses achieve goals and objectives [Information System]

Output: MIS

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How does information system differ from Information technology? [Information System]

Output: Information system is assembling this hardware, software, data, procedures, and people that eventually product information

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cost of data communication and data storage is essentially zero [Information System]

Output: moore's law

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: role in IS security [Information System]

Output: -strong passwords -password etiquette

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: network of activities, roles, resources, responsibilities, and data flows that interact to accopmlish a business function [Information System]

Output: business process

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: components of a buisness process [Information System]

Output: -activities -decision -roles -resources -repository (collection of business records) -data flows: movement of a data item from one activity to another -Componenets: hardware, software, data, procedure, people

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: knowledge derived from data, where data is defined as recorded facts or figures [Information System]

Output: information

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Characteristics of good information [Information System]

Output: -accurate -timely -relevant -just barely sufficient -worth its cost

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where is information in business processes? [Information System]

Output: -information in repositories -data can also be stored in a database

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How does organizatoinal strategy determine information systems structure? [Information System]

Output: organizaitons examine the strucutre of their industry and from that, develop a competitive strategy. This strategy determines value chains, which, in turn, determine business processes

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Porter's Five forces [Information System]

Output: -Threat of new entrants -Buyer power -Supplier Power -Threat of substitue products/services -rivalry competition

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: focus its strategy on a particular industry segment [Information System]

Output: competitve strategy

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: network of value-creating activities [Information System]

Output: value chain

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: business functoins that relate directly to production of organization's product/service [Information System]

Output: primary activities

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: interactions across value activities. uses sales forecasts to plan production; it then uses the production plan to determine raw materials needs and then uses the material eneds to scheudle purcahses [Information System]

Output: value chain linkages

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: how do value chains determine business processes and information systems? [Information System]

Output: Each company implements their value chain activities in ways that are consisten with its competitive strategy

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How do information systems provide competitive advantages? [Information System]

Output: -competitive advantage via products -competitive advantage via processes

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: competitive advantage via products [Information System]

Output: -creating new products or service -enhancing products/services -differentiating products and services from those of their consumers

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Competitive advantage via business processes [Information System]

Output: establishing alliances with other organizaitons. Implementations: -lock in customers and buyers -lock in suppliers -raise barriers to market entry -establish alliances -reduce costs

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: how does a company use IS to create competitive advantage [Information System]

Output: -eases the effort of creating a shipment -helps differentiate product from competitors that do not have similar system

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Why do programmers volunteer their services? [Information System]

Output: -writing a computer program can be fun -gives them the freedom to choose the projects upon which they work -to exhibit one's skill

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: how does open source work? [Information System]

Output: with open source, anyone can obtain the source code from the open source project's Web site -whether open source works for a particular situation depends on the requirements and constraints of that situation

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Purpose of a database [Information System]

Output: -keep track of things -keep numerous records in all one place -lists that involve a single theme can be stored in a spreadsheet -lists that involve multiple themes require a database

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: collection of tables plus relationships among the rows in those tables, plus special data [Information System]

Output: database

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what does a database contain [Information System]

Output: -bytes: a character of data -columns are also called fields -fields are grouped into rows, which are called records -relationships among records: a table or file -key: -foreign key

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Key [Information System]

Output: column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: foreign key [Information System]

Output: certain columns are keys, but they are keys of a different table than the one which they are inside

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: DBMS [Information System]

Output: Database management system: software program used to craete, process, and adminstera a database

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Database application [Information System]

Output: -collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: collection of computers that communicate with one another over transmission lines or wirelessly [Information System]

Output: computer network

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: LAN [Information System]

Output: Local area network: connects computers that reside in a single geographic location on the premises of the company that operates the LAN

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: components of LAN [Information System]

Output: -Switch: recieves and transmits wired traffice on LAN -LAN device: has a switch and a device for wireless communication -network interface card: connects the computer's or printer's circuitry to the network cables

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: signals on the cables are light rays, and they are reflected inside the glass core [Information System]

Output: optical fiber cables

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Wireless NC (WNIC) [Information System]

Output: wireless technology that is used instead of NIC.

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: WAN [Information System]

Output: Wide area networks: connect cmoputres at different geographic locations. Connecting to internet service provider

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Alternative to connecting to WAN [Information System]

Output: -DSL line, cable TV line, cell phone-like connection

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: operate on the same lines as voice telephones, but their signals do not interfere with voice telephone service [Information System]

Output: DSL modem (digital subscriber line)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: DSL lines that have differnt upload and download speeds [Information System]

Output: Asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSL)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: have the same receiving and transmitting speeds (big businesses) [Information System]

Output: symmetrical digital subscriber lines (SDSL)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: provide high-speed data transmission using cable television lines [Information System]

Output: cable modem

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: WAN wireless connection [Information System]

Output: -Wimax: greatest potential for speed -Narrowband: lower speeds -Broadband: high speeds (middle)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Internet [Information System]

Output: networks of networks. Connects LANS, WANS, and other interets

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: TCP/IP protocol architecture [Information System]

Output: -top layer: protocols for applications (browsers and Web services) -next two layers about data communications across any interent -bottom two layers involve protocols that concern data transmission within a network

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: HTTP [Information System]

Output: hypertext transport protocol: used between browsers and web servers

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tarnsport porotocl that break your traffic up into pieces and send each piece along its way, also detects that condition and cause retransmisission of that price [Information System]

Output: Transmission control protocol (TCP)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: protocl that specifies the routing of the pieces of your data communication through the networks that comprise any internet [Information System]

Output: Internet Protocol

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: IP addressing [Information System]

Output: number that identifies a particular device

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What happens on a typical web server [Information System]

Output: manage HTTP traffic by sending and receiving Web pages to and from clients

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Three-tier architecture [Information System]

Output: arrangement of user computers and servers into three categories: -user tier -server tier -database tier

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: consists of computers, phones, and other devices that have browsers that request and process Web pages [Information System]

Output: User tier

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: consists of computers that run Web servers and process application programs [Information System]

Output: Server tier

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: consists of computer that run a DBMS that process SQL requests to retrieve and store data [Information System]

Output: Database tier

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: application program that runs on a server tier copmuter [Information System]

Output: commerce server

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: HTML [Information System]

Output: Hypertext markup language: most common language for defining the structure and layout of web pages

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: XML [Information System]

Output: extensible markup language: markup language that fixes several HTML deficiencies and is commonly used for program-to-program interaction over the web

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Flash [Information System]

Output: add-on to browsers that is useful for providing animation, movies,and other advanced graphics

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Silverlight [Information System]

Output: browser add-on that was developed by microsoft for the same purpses as flash. Has newer technology and more functionality than flash

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: uses the internet to create the appearance of private point-to-point connections [Information System]

Output: VPN (Virtual Private Network)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: VPN benefits [Information System]

Output: maintains security VPN client software through encrypts or codes the original message so its contents are protected from snooping -enables remote access

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: types of information systems [Information System]

Output: -personal information systems -workgroup information sytems -enterprise information systems -interenterprise information systems

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How do successful business professionals use IS [Information System]

Output: assists to achieve the goals and objectives of that business

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: personal information systems [Information System]

Output: used by a single individual

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: workgroup information systems [Information System]

Output: shared by a group of people for a particular purpsoe

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: enterprise information systems [Information System]

Output: information systems that span an organizaiton and support activities in multiple departments

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: interenterprise information systems [Information System]

Output: information systems that are shared by two or more independent organizations

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: condition that exists when data are isolated in separated information systems [Information System]

Output: information silos

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: how do information silos arise? [Information System]

Output: arise as a consequence of an organizatoin's growth and increasing use of information systems

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How do enterprise information systems eliminate silos? [Information System]

Output: when an enterprise sysetm is implemented, all the departments that use it must change their business processes

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: activity of altering and designing business processes to take advantage of new information systems [Information System]

Output: business process reengineering

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What supports enterprise systems [Information System]

Output: -Customer relationship management (CRM) -Enterprise resource planning (ERP) -Enterprise application integration (EAI)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: suite of applications, database, and a set of inherent processes for managing all the interactions with the customer, from lead generation to customer service [Information System]

Output: Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: suite of applications, database, and a set of inherent processes for consolidating business operations into a single, consistent, computing platform [Information System]

Output: enterprise resource planning (ERP)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: suite of software applications that integrates existing systems by providing layers of software that connect applications together [Information System]

Output: enterprise application integration (EAI)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Challenges when implementing new enterprise systems [Information System]

Output: -collborative management -requirement gaps -transition problems -employee resistance

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: information systems used between or among organizations that are independently owned and managed [Information System]

Output: interorganizational systems

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: interorganizational systems [Information System]

Output: -pre-internet systems -e-commerce -Web 2.0 -Enterprise 2.0

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: pre-internet sysetms [Information System]

Output: slow. vendors in contorl of relationship. Ex: post mail, telephone

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: e-commerce [Information System]

Output: buying and selling of goods and services over public and private computer networks

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Web 2.0 [Information System]

Output: even faster. rise of user-generated contenct

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: enterprise 2.0 [Information System]

Output: customer selects relationship characteristics, vendors lose control of relationships. -Ex: facebook, twitter, social CRM

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: software design methodology and set of program communication standards that greatly improve the flexibility and adaptability of interorganizational program-to-program communication [Information System]

Output: service-oriented architecure

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: E-commerce merchant copmanies [Information System]

Output: -B2C ( business to consumer) -B2B (business to business) -B2G (business to government)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: nonmerchant e-commerce [Information System]

Output: -auctions -clearing houses -electronic exchange

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: clearing houses [Information System]

Output: provide goods and services at a state price and arrange for the delivery of the goods, but never take the title

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: electronic exchange [Information System]

Output: matches buyers and sellers; the business process is simliar to that of a stock exchange

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How does e-commerce imporove market efficiency [Information System]

Output: -leads to disintermediation :elimination of middle layers of distributors and suppliers -produces information about price elasticity

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Why is Web 2.0 imporatnt to businesses? [Information System]

Output: -viral marketing -user-generated content -crowdsourcing

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: viral marketing [Information System]

Output: no marketing is done to promite sites, new features are released and vendors wait for users to spread the news to one anotehr

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: user-generated content [Information System]

Output: refers to web site content that is contributed by useres

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: crowdsourcing [Information System]

Output: users can provide customer support to one another, or participate in the creation of product specifications

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: how can businesses benefit from web 2.0? [Information System]

Output: -adwords: vendors pay google an amount for particular search words -adsense: google software where ads are inserted that match content on that site

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: investment of social relations with the expectation of returns in the marketplace [Information System]

Output: social capital

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: information containing patterns, relationships,and trends [Information System]

Output: business intelligence

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: why do organizaitons need business intelligence [Information System]

Output: use business intelligence to process the immense data, and to deliver info ona timely basis to users who need it

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How do business intelligence systems provide competitive advantage? [Information System]

Output: provides information for improving decision making

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: extract and clean data from operational systems and other sources and to store and catalog that data for process by business intelligence tools [Information System]

Output: data warehouse

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: data collection that is created to address the needs of a particular business function [Information System]

Output: data mart

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: applicaiton of statistical techniques to find patterns and relationships among data and to classify and predict things [Information System]

Output: data mining

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: unsupervised data mining [Information System]

Output: anlysts do not create a model or hypothesis before running the analysis

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: supervised data mining [Information System]

Output: data miners develop a model prior to the analysis and apply statistical techniques to data to estimate parameters of the model

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: process of creating and maintaining information systems [Information System]

Output: systems development

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: adding more people to a late project makes the project late. the costs of trainning new people can overwhelm the benefits of their contribution [Information System]

Output: brooks' law

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: traditional processes used to develop information systems [Information System]

Output: Software development life cycle (SDLC)

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: five phases of SDLC: 1. system definition [Information System]

Output: use management's statement of the system needs in order to begin to define the new sysetm

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: specialize in understanding business needs, strategies, goals, and helping businesses implement systems to accomplish their competitive strategies [Information System]

Output: business analysts

MIS 235 Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the three long bones of the upper extremity?

Output: Humerus Radius Ulna

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: With which bones does the humerus articulate?

Output: Proximally: scapula Distally: both the radius and the ulna

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The rounded portion of the proximal humerus that fits into the glenoid fossa is called the...

Output: Head

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: What and where is the anatomical neck of the humerus?

Output: Oblique groove just distal to the head but proximal to the greater and lesser tubercles.

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The two projections near the proximal end of the humerus are the...

Output: Greater and lesser tubercle

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: Where is the greater tubercle located and which direction does it project in anatomic position?

Output: Lies just distal to the anatomical neck, projects laterally

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: Where is the lesser tubercle located and which position does it project in anatomic position?

Output: Lies just distal to the anatomical neck, like the greater tubercle, but projects anteriorly

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The groove between the two tubercles is known as the...

Output: Intertubercular sulcus

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: What and where is the surgical neck of the humerus?

Output: Narrowing of the humerus just distal to the tubercles

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: Why is the surgical neck of the humerus called the surgical neck?

Output: Fractures often occur here

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The roughened, V-shaped area in the middle portion of the humeral shaft is called the...

Output: Deltoid tuberosity

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The portion of the humerus that articulates with the radius is the...

Output: Capitulum

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The portion of the humerus that articulates with the ulna is the...

Output: Trochlea

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The prominent lateral projections at the distal end of the humerus are the...

Output: Lateral and medial epicondyles

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: What is attached to the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus?

Output: Tendons of most muscles of the forearms

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The bony lateral projections palpated at the elbow are the...

Output: Lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: Which nerve runs over the medial epicondyle?

Output: Ulnar nerve

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: What are the two bones of the forearm?

Output: Radius and ulna

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The lateral bone of the forearm is the... The medial bone of the forearm is the...

Output: Lateral: radius Medial: ulna

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: What structure forms the prominence of the elbow?

Output: Olecranon

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: Which bone is the olecranon part of?

Output: Ulna

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: Which bone does the ulna articulate with at its proximal end?

Output: Both the humerus and the radius.

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: With which region of the humerus does the ulna articulate?

Output: Trochlea

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: With which region of the radius does the proximal ulna articulate?

Output: Head of the radius

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The little bump at the distal end of the posterior ulna is called the...

Output: Styloid process of the ulna

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: What is the longest bone of the forearm?

Output: The ulna

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: Which end of the radius is known as the head?

Output: Proximal end

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: With which region of the humerus does the head of the radius articulate?

Output: Capitulum ("head to head")

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: The bump on the lateral portion of the distal radius is called the...

Output: Styloid process of the radius

A & P - Upper Limb - Humerus, Radius, and Ulna Flashcards - Cram.com

Trick question: The arm has only one bone: the humerus. The radius and ulna form the forearm.


Input: Y = a + bX - Where y equals the total mixed cost, a equals the total fixed cost, b equals the variable cost per unit of activity, and X equals the activity level.

Output: What is the equation associated with mixed costs?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: Variable cost = change in cost / change in activity.

Output: How do you determine the variable cost when using the high-low method?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: It distinguishes between fixed and variable costs using the contribution margin - the amount remaining from sales after variable expenses have been deducted.

Output: What is the main advantage of the contribution format income statement?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: Net operating income will increase by the amount of the unit contribution margin for each additional unit sold.

Output: What will occur once the break-even point has been reached?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: Selling price per unit - variable expenses per unit = p - v.

Output: How do you determine the unit cm?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: 1. Profit = contribution margin (sales - variable expenses) - fixed expenses 2. Profit = (unit cm x q) - fixed expenses 3. Profit = (cm ratio x sales) - fixed expenses

Output: What are the three equations that can be used to determine profit?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: Contribution margin / sales

Output: How do you determine the contribution ratio?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: (Target profit + fixed expenses) / unit cm

Output: Using target-profit analysis how would you determine the unit sales to attain a target profit?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: 1. Fixed expenses / unit cm 2. Fixed expenses / cm ratio

Output: How would you determine (1) unit sales to break even and (2) dollar sales to break even?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: 1. Total budgeted (or actual) sales - break-even sales 2. Margin of safety in dollars / total budgeted of actual sales in dollars

Output: How would you determine the (1) margin of safety in dollars and (2) the margin of safety percentage?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: Contribution margin / net operating income

Output: What is the equation to find degree of operating leverage?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: Planning and control

Output: What two distinct purposes are budgets used for?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: Managers should be held responsible for those items, and only those items, that the manager can actually control to a significant extent.

Output: Responsibility accounting says that...?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: A budget that is prepared with the full cooperation and participation of managers at all levels.

Output: What is a self-imposed or participative budget?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: By multiplying budgeted unit sales by the selling price.

Output: How is the sales budget constructed?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: Receipts, disbursements, cash excess or deficiency, and financing.

Output: What are the four major sections of the cash budget?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: By adding budgeted sales to desired ending inventory.

Output: In the production budget how are total needs for the first quarter determined?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: A merchandise purchases budget which shows the amount of goods to be purchased from suppliers during the period.

Output: What is the equivalent of a production budget in a merchandising company?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: By multiplying the number of units to be produced in that quarter by the number of direct labor hours required to make a unit.

Output: In the direct labor budget, how is the direct labor requirement for each quarter computed?

Accounting 201 Exam II Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the key difference between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs?


Input: Why is ACh so important?

Output: It is the primary NT at the NMJ and it is also important in certain brain regions

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Name two types of cholinergic agonists (stimulants)

Output: direct acting and indirect acting

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are the types of direct acting cholinergic agonists?

Output: muscarinic and nicotinic

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What is the one type of indirect-acting drug that was mentioned in lecture?

Output: neostignine- inhibits cholinesterase and makes sure more ACh binds to receptors

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Why is it helpful if there is some specificity for direct acting cholinergic stimulants on muscarinic receptors?

Output: muscarinic receptors are in the periphery and so that is where you want the drug to take action

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Direct-acting cholinergic stimulants function similarly to what?

Output: ACh

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Name some cholinergic stimulant drugs

Output: bethanechol (Duvoid) Carbachol (Carbastat) and pilocarpine (pilocar)

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What is the function of bethanechol (Duvoid)?

Output: encourages urinary activity and can increase GI activity which is helpful for abdominal surgery

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Does Bethanechol attach to nicotinic, muscarinic, or adrenergic receptors?

Output: muscarinic

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Carbachol and pilocarpine are used for what medical condition?

Output: glaucoma, used topically

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Is the function of indirect acting cholinergic stimulants to potentiate AChE or inhibit AChE?

Output: inhibit AChE causing an increase in ACh in the synaptic cleft

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: T or F: Indirect acting agents have a higher specificity when compared to direct acting agents

Output: F, relatively low

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Name the two exceptions to the low specificty of indirect acting cholinergic stimulants?

Output: neostigmine and tacrine

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: After surgery there is a lack of smooth muscle tone in the GI or bladder; what are possible uses for direct acting cholinergic stimulants?

Output: increase bladder activity and peristalsis by increasing the parasympathetic activity

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: How does indirect cholinergic stimulants help treat Alzheimers disease?

Output: In early AD decrease symptoms by prolonging release of endogenous ACh. Causes increase in memory, cognition and other cortical functions

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Cholingergic stimulants are used for: A. AD B. GI/urinary bladder atonia C. Glaucoma D. Myasthenia Gravis E. All of the above

Output: E. All of the above

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: How do cholinergic stimulants help treat glaucoma?

Output: increase outflow of aqeous humor thus lowering intraocular pressure

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What types of cholinergic stimulants treat glaucoma?

Output: indirect and direct

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Myasthenia gravis is a dz that affects NMJ and is treated by immune suppresants and what type of chol stimulant?

Output: indirect such as neostigmine can allow endogenous ACh to stay at the synaptic cleft longer

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: How do cholinergic stimulants help with myasthenia gravis?

Output: cholinesterase inhibitors alleviate fatigue

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: How are cholinergic stimulants helpful in the reversal of overdose on anticholinergic drugs?

Output: used to reverse delirium, hallucinations, coma (signs of overdose)

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Neuromuscular blockers are used during surgery with general anesthesia, what type of cholinergic stimulants are used and how?

Output: indirect may be used to speed up recovery after use of these drugs

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are the adverse effects of cholinergic stimulants?

Output: GI distress, increase salivation, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, difficulty with visual accomodation

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What is the function of anticholinergic drugs?

Output: block the receptor from ACh effects, diminishing response of tissue to ACh stimulation

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Name the two types of anticholinergic drugs

Output: antimuscarinic and antinicotinic

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What do antinicotinic drugs treat?

Output: HTN and neuromuscular block

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are antimuscarinic used for?

Output: atropine, synthetic, semisynthetic forms lots of uses for these drugs

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Identify the mechanism of action of antimuscarinic drugs and the specificity of these drugs

Output: block postsynaptic cholinergic muscarinic receptor and it is not completely specific so they will affect multiple tissues

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Name the applications for antimuscarinic drugs

Output: decreases GI tract stimulation for those with peptic ulcers; Parkinsons, Cardiovascular, motion sickness

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Side effects of anticholinergic drugs

Output: dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are the rehab considerations for someone with Alzheimer's or myasthenia gravis taking cholinergic agonists?

Output: Schedule rehab at peak plasma concentration/effect

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: When should PT happen if a pt is taking muscarinic antagonists for spastic bladder or incontinence?

Output: after they void or when they are not likely to void again which makes treatment more effective

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are the two major classes of adrenergic drugs? Also named what?

Output: pharmacological agonists and antagonists; sympathomimetics and sympatholytics

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: How are adrenergic drugs classified?

Output: according to mode of action not clinical application

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Alpha 1 - name primary receptor location and response when stimulated

Output: vascular smooth muscle, organs will have vasoconstriction

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Alpha2 - primary receptor location and response when receptor is stimulated

Output: CNS synapses (inhibitory); inhibit sympathetic signals and inhibit interneurons

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Alpha1 - agonists uses and antagonists uses

Output: Hypotension, nasal congestion, paroxysmal superventricular tachycardia; HTN

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Alpha2- agonist uses

Output: HTN and spasticity

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Beta1 - primary receptor location and response when receptor is stimulated

Output: heart, increase HR and contractility

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Beta1 - agonist uses and antagonists uses

Output: agonist- used to increase cardiac function/CO; antagonist- HTN, arrhythmia, angina, heart failure, MI

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Beta2- primary receptor location and response when receptor is stimulated

Output: bronchioles; bronchodilation

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Beta2 - agonists uses

Output: prevent bronchospasm

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Which receptor types have no antagonist uses?

Output: Alpha 2 and beta2

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Beta antagonists are also know as what?

Output: Beta blockers

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Adrenergic agonists are split into direct and indirect acting name the 3 types of direct acting receptor drugs

Output: alpha agonists, beta agonists, mixed agonists

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Name drug for a1 selective agonists

Output: phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are the adverse effects of phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)?

Output: HTN, HA, reflex bradycardia

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: How does phenylephrine (neo-synephrine) cause reflex bradycardia?

Output: internal feedback loops try to combat the increase in BP so it does this by increase HR and baroreceptor initiates a decrease in CO; net result is bradycardia

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Identify two drugs that are classified as a2-selective agonists

Output: tizanidine (Zanaflex) and clonidine (Duraclon) for HTN

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are the adverse effects of a2-adrenergic agonists?

Output: dizziness, dry mouth, drowsiness with more serious effects being bradycardia, difficulty breathing

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Identify drug that is classified as b1 selective agonist

Output: dobutamine (Dobutrex)

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: How is dobutrex administered?

Output: IV so plasma conc is constant

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are the indications for giving Dobutamine?

Output: heart failure, treat shock

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are the adverse effects of Dobutrex?

Output: arrhythmia

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Name b2 selective agonist drug?

Output: albuterol (Proventil)

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are the indications for administering Proventil?

Output: asthma, bronchitis, emphysema

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Adverse effects of albuterol?

Output: nervousness, restlessness, trembling

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: Define the characteristics of alpha and beta mixed agonists

Output: agonist activity at all adrenergic receptors, or act as indirect agonists with varied indications b/c affect a number of different subtypes

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)


Input: What are the adverse effects of alpha and beta mixed agonists?

Output: excess CNS excitation, excess stimulation of CV system

Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

chol agonists (cholinomemetics) and anti-cholinergic drugs (cholinergic antagonists)