Input: [partitioning] NFTS Compression

Output: save space by compressing access is slower since you have to uncompress

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] NFTS Encryption

Output: right click my computer properties advanced click encrypt contents to secure data **windows xp home and media center do not support EFS

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] NFTS Disk Quotas

Output: set quota on users hard drives stops user from monopolizing hard drive must log in as admin right click hard drive/properties/quota tab/make changes

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] NFTS Cluster sizes

Output: you can adjust the cluster sizes unlike FAT16 and FAT32 supports partitions up to 16TB by default

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] disk management

Output: control panel computer management applet start/run/diskmgmt.msc

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] foreign drive

Output: disk management move a dynamic disk into another computer

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] formatting (disk management)

Output: see this when formatting a drive

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] failed

Output: disk is damaged or corrupt lost data

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] online

Output: healthy and communicating properly

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] offline

Output: the disk is either corrupted or having communication problems

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] importing foreign drives

Output: right clicking the disk icon and selecting import foreign disks

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] converting to dynamic disk

Output: right click and convert to dynamic very safe and quick reversing it is not

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] dynamic disks supported by

Output: not supported by windows xp and windows vista home editions

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] simple volumes

Output: dynamic disk acts like primary partition

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] spanning volumes

Output: dynamic disk if you run out of space, attach a new hard drive and span the volume - dont have to make new letters

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] striped volumes

Output: dynamic disk spreads out blocks of each file across multiple disks faster dangerous - lose one drive lose all data

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] Mount points

Output: place in the directory structure of an existing volume that you can point to a volume or partition mount a folder on the drive (therefore you add a hard drive to the C drive)

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] CHKDSK

Output: check for bad data repair my computer/right click on the drive you want to check/properties/tools tab/check now button run once a week

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: [partitioning] disk cleanup

Output: start/all programs/accessories/system tools/disk cleanup monthly

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com

process of electronically subdividing the physical hard drives into groups of cylinders called partitions C: D:


Input: installs a file system onto the drive that organizes each partition [partitioning]

Output: format the drive

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: creates MBR and partition table and stores them on the boot sector [partitioning]

Output: basic disks

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the first sector of the hard drive [partitioning]

Output: boot sector

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tiny bit of code that takes control of the boot process from the system BIOS look in the partition table for a valid OS [partitioning]

Output: MBR

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: designed to support bootable operating systems up to 4 lettersC: - Z: [partitioning]

Output: primary partitions

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: not bootable do not get letters only get 1 [partitioning]

Output: extended partitions

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: after creating a extended you must create this gets a letter D: - Z: [partitioning]

Output: logical drives

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: always reserved for the first primary partition in a window pc [partitioning]

Output: C:

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: on or off at boot the MBR chooses which partition to load and boots that OS [partitioning]

Output: active partition

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: stores information important to its partition location of OS boot files every partition on a hard drive has one [partitioning]

Output: volume boot sector

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: able to run more than one OS on a machine [partitioning]

Output: dual boot multi boot

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: forgot to tell CMOS to look for the hard drive reboot, access CMOS and try setting the drive up again [partitioning]

Output: no fixed disk present

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: primary partitions and logical drives on basic disks [partitioning]

Output: basic volumes

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: dynamic disks spanned volume make as many volumes as you want [partitioning]

Output: dynamic storage partitioning

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: goes across more than one drive risky - if one fails you lose all data [partitioning]

Output: spanned volume

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: primary partition that is hidden from your operating system hide backup copies of OS incase you mess up [partitioning]

Output: hidden partition

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: linux and BSD systems act like RAM when your system needs it [partitioning]

Output: swap partition

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: provides the foundation upon which the OS builds files and folders [partitioning]

Output: root directory

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: card catalog that keeps track of which sectors store the various parts of a file data structure two column spreadsheet [partitioning]

Output: FAT file allocation table

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 16 bits usb thumb drives [partitioning]

Output: FAT16

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: OS located bad sectors, mark them as unusable, prevents files from being written on them [partitioning]

Output: high level formatting

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: enables you to format partitions larger than 32 MB [partitioning]

Output: clustering

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: FFFF last cluster [partitioning]

Output: end of file marker

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: FFF7 [partitioning]

Output: bad sector

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: files in FAT start to separate [partitioning]

Output: fragmentation

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: rearrange the files into neat contiguous chunks [partitioning]

Output: disk defragmenter

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: supports partitions up to 2 terabytes 32 bits to describe each cluster dont need defragmentation as often [partitioning]

Output: FAT32

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: redundancy security compression encryption disk quotas cluster sizing [partitioning]

Output: New Technology File System NTFS

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: NTFS a backup copy of the most cruicial parts of the MFT in the middle of the disk reduces the chance that a serious error can wipe out both the MFT and the copy [partitioning]

Output: master file table MFT

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: access control list only one person can access a direct path of folders C:\programs\davids secrete folder [partitioning]

Output: NFTS Security

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: save space by compressing access is slower since you have to uncompress [partitioning]

Output: NFTS Compression

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: right click my computer properties advanced click encrypt contents to secure data **windows xp home and media center do not support EFS [partitioning]

Output: NFTS Encryption

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: set quota on users hard drives stops user from monopolizing hard drive must log in as admin right click hard drive/properties/quota tab/make changes [partitioning]

Output: NFTS Disk Quotas

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: you can adjust the cluster sizes unlike FAT16 and FAT32 supports partitions up to 16TB by default [partitioning]

Output: NFTS Cluster sizes

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: control panel computer management applet start/run/diskmgmt.msc [partitioning]

Output: disk management

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: disk management move a dynamic disk into another computer [partitioning]

Output: foreign drive

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: see this when formatting a drive [partitioning]

Output: formatting (disk management)

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: disk is damaged or corrupt lost data [partitioning]

Output: failed

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: healthy and communicating properly [partitioning]

Output: online

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the disk is either corrupted or having communication problems [partitioning]

Output: offline

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: right clicking the disk icon and selecting import foreign disks [partitioning]

Output: importing foreign drives

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: right click and convert to dynamic very safe and quick reversing it is not [partitioning]

Output: converting to dynamic disk

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: not supported by windows xp and windows vista home editions [partitioning]

Output: dynamic disks supported by

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: dynamic disk acts like primary partition [partitioning]

Output: simple volumes

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: dynamic disk if you run out of space, attach a new hard drive and span the volume - dont have to make new letters [partitioning]

Output: spanning volumes

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: dynamic disk spreads out blocks of each file across multiple disks faster dangerous - lose one drive lose all data [partitioning]

Output: striped volumes

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: place in the directory structure of an existing volume that you can point to a volume or partition mount a folder on the drive (therefore you add a hard drive to the C drive) [partitioning]

Output: Mount points

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: check for bad data repair my computer/right click on the drive you want to check/properties/tools tab/check now button run once a week [partitioning]

Output: CHKDSK

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: start/all programs/accessories/system tools/disk cleanup monthly [partitioning]

Output: disk cleanup

Chapter 12: Implementing Hard Drives Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Homo Economicus] Bounded Rationality

Output: humans are imperfect, but seek to optimize accuracy Herb Simon also conceptualized satisficing

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

rational actors should always make choices that maximize utility must have consistent, well-ordered preferences both seem reasonable at first, but are tremendously demanding SPOCK


Input: [Homo Economicus] Fundamental Principle of Judgment

Output: speed-accuracy trade-off for functional reasons, human judgment is often driven by speed more than accuracy

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

rational actors should always make choices that maximize utility must have consistent, well-ordered preferences both seem reasonable at first, but are tremendously demanding SPOCK


Input: [Homo Economicus] Behavioral Decision Theory

Output: examines how REAL decisions match with decisions based on "rational" decision making

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

rational actors should always make choices that maximize utility must have consistent, well-ordered preferences both seem reasonable at first, but are tremendously demanding SPOCK


Input: [Homo Economicus] Heuristics

Output: Kahneman and Tversky Attribute substitution and Effort reduction rules of thumb or short-cuts used on complicated judgment and decision tasks not irrational - they usually make sense, but can lead to misjudgments

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

rational actors should always make choices that maximize utility must have consistent, well-ordered preferences both seem reasonable at first, but are tremendously demanding SPOCK


Input: [Homo Economicus] Original Big 3 Heuristics

Output: Representativeness Availability Anchoring

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

rational actors should always make choices that maximize utility must have consistent, well-ordered preferences both seem reasonable at first, but are tremendously demanding SPOCK


Input: [Homo Economicus] Representativeness Heuristic

Output: Judgment: is instance A a member of category B? Shortcut: how much does A resemble a prototypical instance of category B? Conjunctive fallacy: conjunctive events cannot be more likely than either event alone Perceptions of Randomness Law of Small Numbers (people want random sequences to be more mixed than they'd usually be) Hot Hand (under-appreciate randomness) Gambler's Fallacy (over-appreciate randomness) Neglecting base rates (lawyer or engineer?) Nonregressive prediction (regression to the mean) basic idea: for intentional behaviors, people think streaks will continue; for non-intentional behaviors, people think streaks will end

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

rational actors should always make choices that maximize utility must have consistent, well-ordered preferences both seem reasonable at first, but are tremendously demanding SPOCK


Input: [Homo Economicus] Availability Heuristic

Output: Judgment: How frequently does event A occur? Shortcut: Do examples of event A come to mind easily? Outcome: event A is judged to occur frequently to the extend that instances of event A are easily available in memory

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

rational actors should always make choices that maximize utility must have consistent, well-ordered preferences both seem reasonable at first, but are tremendously demanding SPOCK


Input: [Homo Economicus] Anchoring and Adjustment

Output: people look for a place to "start" judgment, then "adjust" from this anchor anchor is "sticky" - people don't adjust sufficiently, so where you start affects the judgment thought to be a heuristic, but not anymore (no attribute substitution)

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

rational actors should always make choices that maximize utility must have consistent, well-ordered preferences both seem reasonable at first, but are tremendously demanding SPOCK


Input: [Homo Economicus] Dual-Process view of decision making

Output: Intuition and Effortful Reasoning

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com

rational actors should always make choices that maximize utility must have consistent, well-ordered preferences both seem reasonable at first, but are tremendously demanding SPOCK


Input: What does the drug Donepezil (Aricept) do?

Output: First drug approved by FDA for ALL degrees of AD type dementia

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: What are some direct acting cholinergic drugs and what do they do?

Output: Direct stimulation of cholinergic receptors Synthetic (esters of choline): Bethanechol and Carbachol Natural: Acetylcholine and Cholinemimetic alkaloids (pilocarpione and Nicotine

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: What are examples of indirect acting cholinergic drugs and how do thye work?

Output: Elevate endogenous levels of ACh

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: How does ACh work, what is it used for and for how long and ADR's?

Output: Clinical use is a minimal, very short duration, nonspecific (affects all cholingeric receptors) For intraocular use, contracts smooth muscle of iris for ocular surgury (cataracts) Burning, itching, headache

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: What is Carbachol used for, how does it work, what does it do?

Output: For intraocculr/pupilary surgury Has a nitrogen substitue which reduces its interaction with cholinesterase and making it last longer

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: What is Isopto Carbachol used for and how does it work?

Output: Topical treatment for open-angle glaucoma Facilitates outflow of aqueous humor Most potent direct-acting cholineric drug

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: What are the ADR's of direct acting cholingeric drugs?

Output: sweating, flushing, headache, cillary spasm with decreased vision (temporary), cramping, urinary urgency (b/c they increase GI activity and urinary function)

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: What are the contraindications for direct acting Cholingeric drugs?

Output: Corneal abrasions, acute iritis Precautions necessary for asthma, peptic ulcer, GI, urinary distress

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: What is Bethanechol used for, the ADR, Contraindications?

Output: Treatment of NONOBSTRUCTIVE urinary retention, neurogenic atony of urinary bladder ADRs same as cholingeric receptors do Peptic ulcer, asthma, coronary artery disease, AV conduction problems, parkinson, pregnancy, urinary obstruction

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: What is a major contraindication for Cholingeric drugs?

Output: Do not use with parkinsons b/c it will make it worse, Anticholingeric drugs are used in early parkinson

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: What is Pilocarpine used for,how does it work, ADR, and contraindications?

Output: It is a natural product for open angle glaucoma, narrow angle glaucoma prior to surgury and Reversal of cycloplegics and mudriatics after eye exam or surgury It is a cholinomimetic alkaloid the has direct cholinergic receptor activation Cilliary spasm, headache, difficult focusing, provocation of asthma Contraindicated in acute iritis and inflammatory conditions of anterior chamber

Same physiological responses as the neurotransmitter ACh Increase synthesis, release and reduce catabolism of ACh


Input: [Know your Client] Know your Strengths/Weaknesses

Output: Surround yourself with others who excel where you lack

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com

Who they are What they do What do they want from the event


Input: [Know your Client] Know your environment

Output: Internships Associations - ISES Students Memberships Research the area On-site reviews

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com

Who they are What they do What do they want from the event


Input: [Know your Client] Create a Team Approach

Output: Staff Client Vendors

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com

Who they are What they do What do they want from the event


Input: [Know your Client] Communicate Clearly

Output: Document your progress/conversations (our software) Coordination Timelines Production Schedules

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com

Who they are What they do What do they want from the event


Input: [Know your Client] Be prepared

Output: For the expected and the unexpected

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com

Who they are What they do What do they want from the event


Input: [Know your Client] Be creative

Output: Create the vision Think outside the box Be open to other views

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com

Who they are What they do What do they want from the event


Input: [Know your Client] Be Assertive - not Aggressive

Output: Develop people skills Develop Leadership Skills

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com

Who they are What they do What do they want from the event


Input: [Know your Client] Be the Project Manager

Output: Ownership of the project "The Buck Stops Here" Attitude Share the Glory!

PRT 458 Notes Making a Good Event Planner Flashcards - Cram.com

Who they are What they do What do they want from the event


Input: temperature blood pH oxygen concentrations carbon dioxide concentrations blood glucose concentration water/solute balance [Define homeostasis]

Output: What in the body is maintained between narrow limits?


Input: True. The internal environment is controlled and varies very little, despite large variations in the external environment. [Define homeostasis]

Output: THe internal environment varies very little. True/False


Input: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems [Define homeostasis]

Output: What two systems play a major role in maintaining homeostasis?


Input: Negative Feedback [Define homeostasis]

Output: is homeostasis maintained by negative or positive feedback?


Input: A rise in levels feeds back to decrease production and reduce the level. A decrease in levels feeds back to increase production and raise the level. [Define homeostasis]

Output: How does negative feedback work?


Input: No. Small fluctuations above and below the set point DO NOT cause a response. [Define homeostasis]

Output: Do small fluctuations cause a response to be triggered? (Ex. Do small fluctuations in body temperature cause responses to be triggered?)


Input: When the level rises significantly above the set point, it is then reduced by negative feedback. [Define homeostasis]

Output: When does negative feedback come into play then?


Input: Central nervous system & Peripheral nervous system [Define homeostasis]

Output: What are the two parts of the nervous system?


Input: Brain & Spinal Cord [Define homeostasis]

Output: What does the Central Nervous System consist of?


Input: Homeostasis is maintaining the internal environment of the body at constant levels or between narrow limits. [Define homeostasis]

Output: Define homeostasis


Input: Peripheral nerves that connect all parts of the body to the central nervous system [Define homeostasis]

Output: What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?


Input: Skine arterioles become narrower and they bring less blood. [Define homeostasis]

Output: When you feel cold, do skin arerioles become narrower or wider? As a result, is more blood or less blood brought?


Input: Skeletal muscles do many small rapid contractions in order to generate heat. [Define homeostasis]

Output: What happens inside the body when you shiver?


Input: Less heat. The temperature of your skin falls, so there is very little heat, therefore less heat is lost to the environment. [Define homeostasis]

Output: When you're cold, the temperature of your skin falls. So is less heat or more heat lost from your skin to the environment?


Input: Wider, so more blood flows through the skin. [Define homeostasis]

Output: When you are feeling hot, do your skin arterioles become wider or narrower?


Input: More heat. The blood transfers heat from the core of your body to the skin. As a result the temperature of the skin rises, thus more heat is lost to the environment. [Define homeostasis]

Output: Is more heat or less heat lost to the environment when you're feeling hot?


Input: Sweat glands secrete large amounts of sweat making the surface of the skin damp. Water evaporates from the damp skin and this has a cooling effect. [Define homeostasis]

Output: What do sweat glands do when your body is overheated?


Input: Insulin stimulates the liver and muscle cells to absorb glucose from the blood and convert it to glycogen. [Define homeostasis]

Output: What happens when you have a high blood glucose level (in terms of insulin)?


Input: Granules of glycogen are stored in the cytoplasm. Other cells are stimulated to absorb glucose and use it in cell respiration istead of fat. [Define homeostasis]

Output: What happens to the glycogen after its been converted?


Input: They produce glucagon. Alpha cells are in the pancreatic islets [Define homeostasis]

Output: When the blood glucose levels are low, what do the alpha cells produce? Where are the alpha cells?


Input: Glucagon stimulates liver cells to break glycogen down into glucose and release the glucose into the blood. [Define homeostasis]

Output: What does glucagon do when the blood glucose level is low?


Input: It consists of glands which release hormones that are transported in the blood. [Define homeostasis]

Output: What does the endocrine system consist of?


Input: Excretion is the removal from the body of the toxic waste products of metabolism. [Define homeostasis]

Output: Define excretion


Input: Waste products of metabolism are carried from the body cells to the kidney by the blood system. Kidneys remove waste products from the blood and produce urine containing them. [Define homeostasis]

Output: What is the kidney's role in excretion?


Input: Kidneys help to keep the water and salt content of the blood and tissue fluid constant. Kidneys have a role in homeostasis by varying the composition and volume of urine. [Define homeostasis]

Output: What role do the kidneys play in homeostasis?


Input: [1] Adversary [2]

Output: Enemy or opponent


Input: [1] Alienate [2]

Output: To turn away To make indifferent or hostile


Input: [1] Artifice [2]

Output: skillfull indigenous device Clever trick


Input: [1] Coerce [2]

Output: To compel of force


Input: [1] Craven [2]

Output: Cowardly or Coward


Input: [1] Culinary [2]

Output: Cooking skills


Input: [1] Delete [2]

Output: To erase or wipe out


Input: [1] Demise [2]

Output: Death, especially to noblity


Input: [1] Neligible [2]

Output: So unimportant it can be discarded


Input: [1] Perpertrate [2]

Output: Make permanent


Input: [1] Precedent [2]

Output: An example that may serve as an for later action


Input: [1] Punitive [2]

Output: Inflicting


Input: [1] Redress [2]

Output: To make right


Input: [1] Sojourn [2]

Output: Temporary stay or to stay a time


Input: [1] Urbane [2]

Output: Suave or refined in manner of behavior or style


Input: [1] exhilerate [2]

Output: Enliven/Cheer/Give spirit and livelness


Input: [1] fallow [2]

Output: Plowed but not seeded Land left unseeded To plow but not seed


Input: [1] harass [2]

Output: To disturb, worry or trouble


Input: [1] inclement [2]

Output: Storm harsh/severe in action


Input: [1] muse [2]

Output: To ponder


Input: [1] Adroit [2]

Output: Skillful expert in the use of hands or mind


Input: [1] Amicable [2]

Output: Peaceable/Friendly


Input: [1] Averse [2]

Output: Having deep seated distaste/Opposed/Unwilling


Input: [1] Belligerent [2]

Output: Given to fighting/warlike/agressive


Input: [1] benelovent [2]

Output: Kind/charitable


Input: [1] Cursory [2]

Output: hastly, not thorough


Input: [1] Duplicity [2]

Output: Treacherous/Decietful


Input: [1] Extol [2]

Output: To praise extravagently


Input: [1] Feasible [2]

Output: Possible


Input: [1] Grimace [2]

Output: Wry face to make a wry face


Input: [1] holocaust [2]

Output: great destruction, especially by fire


Input: [1] impervious [2]

Output: not affected or hurt by


Input: [1] impetus [2]

Output: moving force, impuls, stimulis.


Input: [1] jeopardy [2]

Output: danger


Input: [1] meticulous [2]

Output: extremely careful/details


Input: [1] nostalgia [2]

Output: looking for past/homesickness


Input: [1] quintessence [2]

Output: Purest essence of a form/ most typical form


Input: [1] Retrogress [2]

Output: To move backward or to return to eariler condition


Input: [1] scrutinize [2]

Output: examine closely


Input: [1] Tepid [2]

Output: lukewarm/ unenthusiastic


Input: [1] adulterate [2]

Output: to corrupt or make worst by adding something of lesser vaule


Input: [1] ambidexious [2]

Output: being skillfull in both hands


Input: [1] augment [2]

Output: to make larger/increase


Input: [1] bereft [2]

Output: deprived of/made unhappy through loss


Input: [1] deploy [2]

Output: to position or arrange


Input: [1] dour [2]

Output: stern, unyeilding, ill humored


Input: [1] Tortitude [2]

Output: courage in facing difficulties


Input: [1] gape [2]

Output: to stare with open mouth


Input: [1] gibe [2]

Output: to utter taunting words


Input: [1] Guise [2]

Output: and external appearence or mask


Input: [1] insidious [2]

Output: intended to decieve or entrap


Input: [1] intimation [2]

Output: hint or suggestion


Input: [1] opulent [2]

Output: wealthy, luxiourous


Input: [2] part of earth that supports life, including the top portion of the earth’s crust, the atmosphere, and all water on earths surface. [1]

Output: Biosphere


Input: [2] all living organisms that live in the area and the nonliving features of their environment. [1]

Output: ecosystem


Input: [2] all the organisms that belong to the same species living in a community. [1]

Output: population


Input: [2] all the populations of different species that live in an ecosystem. [1]

Output: community


Input: [2] place where an organism lives and that provides the types of food, shelter, moisture and temperature needed for survival. [1]

Output: habitat


Input: [2] anything that can restrict the size of a population including living and nonliving features of an ecosystem, such as predators or drought. [1]

Output: limiting factor


Input: [2] largest number of individuals of a particular species that an ecosystem can support over time. [1]

Output: carrying capacity


Input: [2] organism, such as a green plant or alga, that uses an outside source of energy like the Sun to create energy-rich food molecules. [1]

Output: producers


Input: [2] organism that cannot create energy-rich molecules but obtains its food by eating other organisms. [1]

Output: consumers


Input: [2] any close relationship between species, including mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. [1]

Output: symbiosis


Input: [2] a type of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. [1]

Output: mutualism


Input: [2] a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not affected. [1]

Output: commensalism


Input: [2] a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed. [1]

Output: parasitism


Input: [2] in an ecosystem, refers to the unique ways an organism survives, obtains food and shelter, and avoids danger. [1]

Output: niche


Input: ______ refers to the fact that we tend to remember the first piece of information presented in a string of events [episodic memory]

Output: primacy effects

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: hierarchically structured categories range from ____ as the broadest to _____ in the middle to ______ as the finest level of categorization [episodic memory]

Output: superordinate, basic, subordinate

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is not a characteristic of attention [episodic memory]

Output: it is always non-conscious

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: _____ states taht the stronger the initial stimulus, the greater the additional intensity needed for the second stimulus to be perceived as different [episodic memory]

Output: weber's law

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: marketers might not want consumers to notice that the size of their candy bar has shrunk again. this is an example of when marketers do not want a(n) [episodic memory]

Output: differential threshold to be crossed

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: in restaurants where high turnover and sales are desired, music that _______ is desirable [episodic memory]

Output: has a fast tempo

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: michael needed info on a new product idea so he called ten people together for a guided discussion. he will moderate the discussion. this is known as a(n) [episodic memory]

Output: focus group

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: suppose you start out with an initial weight of 100lbs and you can only detect a change in weight when it reaches 10lbs. what would have happened if you had started out with 160lbs instead. the amount of additional weight that would have to be added to be noticed would be [episodic memory]

Output: more than 10lbs, less than 20lbs

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the relationship between arousal and attention is [episodic memory]

Output: an inverted U shape with maximal attention occurring at moderate level of arousal

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: my parents never watch ESPN (and the ads on that channel) this is an example of [episodic memory]

Output: selective exposure

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Be Popular! Brush with Crest! is and example of [episodic memory]

Output: juxtaposition

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: which of these methods to study consumers offers the most control to the person in charge [episodic memory]

Output: laboratory experiments

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: which of the following is an example of affirmation of consequent (a type of miscomprehension) [episodic memory]

Output: stronger guys use Brand M exercise program

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: hundreds of studies in thousands of locations in US have repeatedly and consistently shown that as the number of churches increase in a city, murder rates increase. based on this statistically significant finding we may conclude: [episodic memory]

Output: none of the above, they are not caused by each other, just correlated

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the mere exposure effect is the result of [episodic memory]

Output: mere familiarity increases liking

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: two characteristics of short-term memory are that [episodic memory]

Output: the information has a very short-lived memory trace and limited capacity

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: which of the following is not an example of "projective techniques" (used in qualitative marketing research) [episodic memory]

Output: surveys

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: michael needed info on a new product idea so he will talk to 10 people separately and have a discussion about the new product. this is known as [episodic memory]

Output: an interview

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: it is difficult for healthy food brands to convince consumers that their products taste good because healthy food and lack of taste are generally perceived as [episodic memory]

Output: highly correlated

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the fact that you can perceive the image below as either an old lady or a young girl is an example of the principle of [episodic memory]

Output: figure and ground

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: _____ stimulus stand out relative to the environment because of its _______ [episodic memory]

Output: prominent/ intensity

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: after seeing a compartive ad abotu how acura is better than mercedes, John had thoughts such as "i know that acura's engines are much weaker" or "mercedes has the highest safety standards" these can be described as [episodic memory]

Output: counter arguments

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when categorizing objects, experts (versus novices) have _____ categories and _____ associations with concepts in each category [episodic memory]

Output: more, more

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: canon xapshot camera, which records pictures on a computer disk, introduces several new features including "seeing your pictures instantly on you tv" and "the ability to erase unwanted photos" this is best thought of as an example of using an attitude-change strategy to [episodic memory]

Output: add a new belief

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: according to the elaboration likelihood model, consumers that process using _____ route often use ______ [episodic memory]

Output: peripheral, simple rules of thumb

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Jenny is watching an Apple commercial in which the PC guy and the Mac guy discuss how each of their system enables you to build a slideshow of their last family trips. Jenny explains "that mac guy is really cute" this is an example of [episodic memory]

Output: source bolstering

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: peripheral routes to persuasion are so named because [episodic memory]

Output: consumers' attitudes are not based on detailed examination of the message

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when tiger woods endorses gum products, based on the source model, the following attributes of the source affect the processing of consumers: [episodic memory]

Output: attractiveness only

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: informational beliefs are [episodic memory]

Output: formed from second-hand knowledge

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: two-sided messages work best when attitudes towards the product/brand are _____ and _____ correlated attributes are featured [episodic memory]

Output: negative or neutral/ positively

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: my little sister happily just got accepted into two different law school programs, one in international law and one in business law. she doesnt know which one to choose. she is facing ______ [episodic memory]

Output: approach-approach conflict

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: lack of _____ to process is the reason why most of us will not be able to accurately draw a picture of a penny [episodic memory]

Output: motivation

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: having a vitamin deficiency that makes us want a certain type of food is an example of a _____ motivation [episodic memory]

Output: non-conscious

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Grace has had an interest in weaving since she was 6years old. She now weaves cloth for shows and sells her items in boutiques. Grace has what is known as _____. Grace's siblings Jane and Abigail decide to buy Grace a special wool and silk yarn for her birthday. Unfortunately, Jane doesnt care much about the purchase and doesnt want to go shopping with abigail who is likely to feel ______ and spend a lot of time searching for the perfect yarn because _______ [episodic memory]

Output: enduring involvement, situational involvement, she is accountable

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is not one of the basic dimensions of attitude? [episodic memory]

Output: inferencing

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: based on the processing of the brain it will be best to place visuals/pictures [episodic memory]

Output: on the left side of the ad

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an ad for general foods coffee depicts a sunset scene which presumably invokes feelings of serenity. Showing such ads repeatedly is consistent with [episodic memory]

Output: classical conditioning principles

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: as john was about to purchase a laptop, he realized that it was only available in dark green color and he decided not to purchase it. although color is normally supposed to be a ______ for computers it still prevented him from making the purchase [episodic memory]

Output: peripheral cue

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: why are principles of operant conditioning (POC) useful in the development of promotional strategies [episodic memory]

Output: POC show that experiences with products provide reinforcement that affect future purchase behaviors

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: whats the order of the maslows pyramid of hierarchy of needs from bottom to top [episodic memory]

Output: physiological needs safety needs social needs esteem needs self actualization needs

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: based on the lab experiment with mice we talked about, which of the following is in the right order for the priority of intrinsic needs [episodic memory]

Output: maternity>thirst>hunger>sexual

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what are the functions of attitudes [episodic memory]

Output: knowledge function self/ego expressive function adaptive function ego defensive function

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when michael jordan endorses furniture products based on the source model, the following attributes of the source are most likely to positively influence the processing of consumers [episodic memory]

Output: attractiveness only

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what is not true about emotions [episodic memory]

Output: emotions last longer than moods

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: which is true about the theory of reasoned action [episodic memory]

Output: beliefs about and evaluations of the consequences of an action lead to attitudes toward the action

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ABC bank waives monthly fees if a checking account reaches $2000 monthly average balance. this is an example of [episodic memory]

Output: negative reinforcement

mktg 3208 exam one Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: in the brainstem, neurons that affect arousal [Brainstem]

Output: Reticular Formation

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Input: Controls movement and balance, trained by nervous system, involved in empathy [Brainstem]

Output: Cerebellum

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: controls basic drives and emotions [Brainstem]

Output: Limbic System

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: master regulatory structure. vital function regulator, controls sexual impulses [Brainstem]

Output: Hypothalamus

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: almost all incoming info goes through this before the cortex [Brainstem]

Output: Thalamus

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: new memories and spatial memories [Brainstem]

Output: Hippocampus

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: associates things with an emotion [Brainstem]

Output: Amygdala

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: subcortical structures, crucial for moevement, reward system [Brainstem]

Output: Basal Ganglia

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: source of culture and communication [Brainstem]

Output: Cerebral cortex

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: vision [Brainstem]

Output: Occipital Lobe

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: touch [Brainstem]

Output: Parietal Lobe

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: primary auditory cortex, faces, memory [Brainstem]

Output: Temporal

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: planning and movement [Brainstem]

Output: Frontal Lobe

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Rational behavior [Brainstem]

Output: Prefrontal Cortex

Anatomy of the Brain Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: dissolve [dissolve]

Output: When a solid becomes part of a liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: to separate fine solid particles from a liquid [dissolve]

Output: filter

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: filter [dissolve]

Output: to separate fine solid particles from a liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: to separate coarse solid particles form a liquid [dissolve]

Output: sieve

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sieve [dissolve]

Output: to separate coarse solid particles form a liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: to change from LIQUID to SOLID [dissolve]

Output: freeze

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: freeze [dissolve]

Output: to change from LIQUID to SOLID

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: One of the three states of matter. It will fill all available space. It takes the shape of the container It takes the volume of the container [dissolve]

Output: gas

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: gas [dissolve]

Output: One of the three states of matter. It will fill all available space. It takes the shape of the container It takes the volume of the container

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: One of the three states of matter. -Liquids pour -They take the shape of the container -a fixed volume [dissolve]

Output: liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: liquid [dissolve]

Output: One of the three states of matter. -Liquids pour -They take the shape of the container -but have a fixed volume

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: to change form SOLID to LIQUID [dissolve]

Output: melt

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: melt [dissolve]

Output: to change form SOLID to LIQUID

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a solid made of very fine particles [dissolve]

Output: powder

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: powder [dissolve]

Output: a solid made of very fine particles

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: one of the three states of matter --holds shape -fixed volume [dissolve]

Output: solid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when a solid can dissolve in a liquid it is said to be SOLUBLE. [dissolve]

Output: soluble

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when a solid cannot dissolve in a liquid [dissolve]

Output: insoluble

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: insoluble [dissolve]

Output: when a solid cannot dissolve in a liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a liquid that has a solid dissolved in it [dissolve]

Output: solution

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: solution [dissolve]

Output: a liquid that has a solid dissolved in it

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: all matter exists in one of three states - solid, liquid or gas. [dissolve]

Output: state

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a liquid holding particles of solid in it that have not become part of the liquid. [dissolve]

Output: suspension

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: suspension [dissolve]

Output: a liquid holding particles of solid in it that have not become part of the liquid.

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: state [dissolve]

Output: all matter exists in one of three states - solid, liquid or gas.

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: used to separate fine solid particles from a liquid [dissolve]

Output: filtration

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: filtration [dissolve]

Output: used to separate fine solid particles from a liquid

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: used to separate larger solid particles - like rice and pasta. [dissolve]

Output: sieving

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sieving [dissolve]

Output: used to separate larger solid particles - like rice and pasta.

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the liquid part of a solution [dissolve]

Output: solvent

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: solvent [dissolve]

Output: the liquid part of a solution

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: solid [dissolve]

Output: one of the three states of matter --holds shape -fixed volume

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: soluble [dissolve]

Output: when a solid can dissolve in a liquid it is said to be SOLUBLE.

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, SEPARATION Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Antiemetic [1]

Output: ____________ drugs are used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.


Input: [2] Nausea [1]

Output: ___________ is an unpleasant sensation of abdominal discomfort accompanied by a desire to vomit.


Input: [2] Vomit [1]

Output: ________ is the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth.


Input: [2] Adverse effects [1]

Output: Nausea and vomiting are the most common ____________ of drug therapy.


Input: [2] Vomiting center [1]

Output: Vomiting occurs when the _________ a nucleus of cells in the medulla oblongata is stimulated


Input: [2] Metoclopramide (Reglan) [1]

Output: Prokinetic agent that increases GI motility and the rate of gastric emptying by peripheral cholinergic effects


Input: [2] Prochlorperazine (Compazine) [1]

Output: Effective in preventing or treating nausea and vomiting induced by drugs radiation therapy surgery and most other stimuli


Input: [2] Lorazapam (Ativan) [1]

Output: Often prescribed for patients who experience anticipatory nausea and vomiting before administration of anticancer drugs.


Input: [2] Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone [1]

Output: Commonly used in the management of chemotherapy induced emesis and poster-operative nausea and vomiting.


Input: [2] Ondanstron (zofran), Ganisetron (Kytril) Dolasetron (Anzemet), and palonosetron (Aloxi) [1]

Output: Antagonized serotonin receptors preventing their activation by the effects of emetogenic drugs and toxins.


Input: [2] Nausea and vomiting are the most common adverse effects of drug therapy. Although the symptoms may occur with most drugs they are especially associated with alcohol, aspirin digoxin, anticancer drugs antimcrobials, estrogen preparations and opioid analgesics. [1]

Output: What drugs are most commonly associated with the adverse effects of nausea and vomiting.


Input: [2] Nausea and vomiting may be caused by pain and other noxious stimuli such as unpleasant sights and odors; emotional disturbances; physical or mental stress; radiation therapy; motion sickness; postoperative status which may include pain impaired GI motility; and pregnancy. [1]

Output: Identify three causes other than drugs that may produce nausea and vomiting.


Input: [2] The vomiting center and the GI track contain benzodiazepine, cholinergic, dopamine, histamine, opiate, substance P/neurokinin, and serotonin receptors which are stimulated by emetogenic drugs and toxins. [1]

Output: Located in the vomiting center CTZ, and GI tract which are stimulated by emetogenic drugs and toxins.


Input: [2] When stimulated the vomiting center initiates efferent impulses that stimulate the salivary center causing closure of the glottis; contraction of abdominal muscles and the diaphragm; relaxation of the gastroesophageal sphincter; and reverse peristalsis, which moves stomach contents toward the mouth for ejection. [1]

Output: Describe the physiologic process that occur during vomiting beginning with the stimulation of the vomiting center and ending with the stomach contents arriving toward the mouth for ejection.


Input: [2] Anticipatory nausea is triggered by memories and fear of nausea and vomiting is mediated by afferent signals from the higher centers of the cerebral cortex to the vomiting center. [1]

Output: Define the term anticipatory nausea.


Input: [2] Metoclopramide (Reglan) is a prokinetic agent that increases GI motility and the rate of gastric emptying by increasing the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings in the GI tract (peripheral cholinergic effects). Historically, metoclopramide has been used intravenously during chemotherapy with cisplatin (Platinol) and other antineoplastic drugs to treat acute nausea and vomiting; however, 5 - HT3 receptor antagonists are now the preferred antiemetic for this indication. [1]

Output: How does metoclopramide decrease nausea and vomiting? How is metoclopramide typically used?


Input: [2] With oral administration of metoclopramide action begins in 30 to 60 mins and peaks in 60 to 90 mins. With IM use, action onset occurs in 10 to 15mins and peaks in 60 to 90 mins. with IV use action onset occurs in 1 to 3 mins and peaks in 60 to 90 mins. [1]

Output: What can you tell Mrs. Homan about when the effect of the medication begins and how long it lasts?


Input: [2] The sedation that the drug causes many affect her ability to return to work. Other averse effects include restlessness and extrapyramidal reaction (ex akathisia, dystonia, symptoms of prkinsons disease). Metoclopramide. Metoclopramide may increase the effects of alcohol and cyclopporine (by increasing their absorption and decrease the effects of cimetidine and digoxin (by accelerating passage through the GI tract and decreasing time for absorption.) [1]

Output: Mrs Homan remains on the metoclopramide after chemotherapy for residual symptoms related to gastroparesis. Two years later she develops Parkinson's disease. What would you expect teh physician to do with Mrs. Holmans metoclopramide prescription?


Input: [2] a Rationale: Scopolamine is a anticholinergic drug that is effective in relieving nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness and radiation therapy for cancer. [1]

Output: Mrs. Jenks is going on a cruise to Nova Scotia with her husband to celebrate their 15th wedding anniversary. She is concerned because she has experienced severe debilitating sea sickness in the past. Which of the following would you expect the physician to order? a. Scopolamine b. Dexamethasone c. Metoclopramide d. Ondansetron


Input: [2] d Rationale: Dronabinol is a cannabinoid used in the management of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy unrelieved by other antiemetic drugs. It is a Schedule III drug under federal narcotic laws. [1]

Output: Mrs. Blanching is receiving chemotherapy to treat her cancer. Several antiemetics have been prescribed and each has been unsuccessful in treating her nausea and vomiting. The physician chooses to prescribe which of the following cannabinoid drug to manage her symptoms? a. Scopolamine b. Metoclopramide c. Ondansetron d. Dronabinol


Input: [2] b Ratonale: Subtance P a peptide neurotransmitter in the neurokinin family plays a role in acute and delayed chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. A precipitation antagonizes the neurokin 1 receptor preventing activation by emetogenic chemotherapeutic drugs. [1]

Output: Which of the following drugs antagonizes the neurokinin 1 receptor preventing activation by emetogenic chemotherapuetic drugs: a. Metoclopramide b. Aprepitant c. Ondansetron d. Dronadinol


Input: [2] a Rationale: Prokinetic agents such as metoclopramide increase the release of acetylcholine from never endings in the GI tract, thereby increasing GI motility and gastric emptying. Metoclopramide also antagonizes dopamine in the brain. It is prescribed to treat nausea and vomiting associated with gastroparesis and other non obstructive disorders characterized by gastric retention of food and fluids, and in the treatment of esophageal reflux. It is also useful in prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. [1]

Output: Which of the following drugs is a prokinetic agent that functins by increasing the release of acetycholine from nerve endings in the GI tract thereby increasing GI motility and gastric emptying? a. Metoclopramide b. Aprepitant c. Ondansetron d. Dronabinol


Input: [2] a, b, d Rationale: Benzodiazepines such as lorazepam produce relaxation relieve anxiety and inhibit cerebral cortex input to the vomiting center. They are prescribed for anticipatory nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy. [1]

Output: Mrs. Gantry prepares to begin her second round of chemotherapy. She tells the physician that she knows that the nausea and vomiting will be worse this time around. The physician orders lorazepam because it has which of the following effects? (select all that apply) a. Producing relaxation b. relieving anxiety c. Inhibiting cerebral cortex input to the vomiting center d. Creating a sense of euphoria


Input: [2] b Rationale: The antiemetic mechanism of action of corticosteroids such as dexmethasone and methylprednisolone is unknown. These drugs are commonly used alone or in combination with 5 HT3 serotonin receptor antagonists and or substance P / neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists in the management of chemotherapy induced emesis and postoperative nausea and vomiting. [1]

Output: Which of the following medications may be used in combination with a 5 HT3 serotonin receptor antagonist to manage chemotherapy induced emesis? a. Scopolamine b. Dexmethasone c. Metoclopramide d. Ondansetron


Input: [2] Before [1]

Output: Antiemetic drugs are most effective when given ________ nausea and vomiting occurs.


Input: [2] a, b, c Rationale: Antiemetics are usually given orally or by rectal suppository in the home setting. The home care nurse may need to assess patients for possible causes of nausea and vomiting and assist patients and caregivers to prevent fluid and electrolyte depletion. Teaching safety precautions with seating drugs may also be needed. [1]

Output: what tasks are included in the role of the home care nurse visiting a client who is receiving antiemetics? (select all that appy) a. Assessing patients for possible causes of nausea and vomiting b. Assisting patients and caregivers with appropriate use of the drugs c. Providing interventions to prevent fluid and electrolyte depletion. d. Administering all antiemetics to clients who experience nausea and vomiting.


Input: [2] a Rationale: Phenothizaines are metabolized in the liver and elimination half lives prolonged with resultant accumulation and increased risk of adverse effects. Therefore, the drugs should be used cautiously in patients with hepatic impairment. Cholestatic jaundice has been reported with promethazine. [1]

Output: As a result of chemotherapy, Mr. Redford experiences hepatic dysfunction. Part of the clients medication regimen includes the use of phenothiazines. Which of the following would you expect the physician to do? a. Use an alternative medication b. Increase the dose of the medication. c. Decrease the dose of the medication d. Maintain the current dose of the medication


Input: [2] a Rationale: Most antiemetic drugs are metabolized in the liver and should be used cautiously in patients with impaired hepatic function. Which oral ondansetron, do not exceed an 8mg dose; with IV use a single maximal daily dose of 8mg is recommended. [1]

Output: Most antiemetic drugs are metabolized in the liver and should be used cautiously in patients with impaired hepatic function. For clients diagnosed with hepatic impairment the dose of ondansetron should not exceed which of the following amounts? a. 8mg b. 6mg c. 10mg d. 12mg


Input: [2] b Rationale: Metoclopramide dosage should be reduced in patients with severe renal impairment to decrease drowsiness and extra-pyramidal effects. [1]

Output: As an adverse effect on her chemotherapy, Mrs. Pearson develops moderate to severe renal impairment. She routinely takes metoclopramide for chemotherapy related nausea and vomiting with success and does not wish to change drugs. Which of he following would you expect the physician to do? a. Maintain the current dose of the metoclopramide d. Decrease the dosage of the metoclopramide c. Increase the dosage of the metoclopramide d. Discontinue the metoclopramide


Input: [2] b Rationale: Most antiemetic drugs cause drowsiness especially in older adults and therefore should be used cautiously. Efforts should be made to prevent nausea and vomiting when possible. Older adults are at risk of fluid volume depletion and electrolyte imbalances with vomiting. [1]

Output: Mr. Benjamin age 75 develops nausea and vomiting secondary to administration of a new drug regimen to treat his Parkinson's disease. He is at risk for which of the following? a. Increased extra-pyramidal effects b. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance c. Prostatisis d. Anxiety induced vomiting


Input: [2] d Rationale: The American Society of clinical oncology recommends the use of a 5 HT3 receptor antagonist plus a corticosteroid before administration of high dose chemotherapy or chemotherapy with high to moderate emetic risk to pediatric oncology patients. [1]

Output: The American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends that use of which of the following drug combination before administration of high dose chemotherapy or chemotherapy with high to moderate emetic risk to pediatric oncology patients? a. a 5 HT3 receptor antagonists plus a phenothiazine. b. An 5 HT3 receptor antagonist plus a anti anxiety agent. c. An 5 HT3 receptor antagonists plus a cannabiniod. d. An 5 HT3 receptor antagonist plus a corticosteroid.


Input: [2] c Rationale: A black box warning alerts nurses that promethazine is contraindicated in children younger than 2 yrs of age because of the risk potentially fatal respiratory depression. When using promethazine the lowest effective dosage should be used and other drugs with respiratory depressant effects should not be given concurrently. Excessive doses may cause hallucinations convulsions and sudden death. [1]

Output: A black box warning alerts nurses that promethazine is contraindicated in children younger than 2 yrs of age because of which of the following risks? a. Fetal hypovolemia secondary to hemorrhage b. Life threatening cardiac dysrhythmias c. Fatal respiratory depression d. Fatal hypertension and subsequent cerebral vascular accident.


Input: [2] 5 HT3 receptor antagonists [1]

Output: The ___________ ___________ _________ are usually considered the most effective antiemetics. They may be given in a single daily dose.


Input: [2] a, b, c Rationale: If nausea and vomiting are likely to occur because of travel administration of emetrogenic anticancer drugs diagnostic test or therapeutic procedures an antiemetic drug should be given before the emetogenic event. Pretreatment usually increases patient comfort and allows use of lower drug doses. It also may prevent aspiration and other potentially serious complications of vomiting. [1]

Output: If nausea and vomiting are likely to occur because of travel, administration of emetogenic anticancer drugs diagnostic test or therapeutic procedures an emetic drug should be given before the emetogenic event. Pretreatment has which of the following effects? (select all that apply) a. Increasing patient comfort b. Allowing use of lower drug doese c. Possibly preventing aspiration d. Possibly preventing extra-pyramidal symptoms.


Input: [2] c Rationale: Metoclopramide (Reglan) may be preferred when nausea and vomiting are associated with non obstructive gastric retention. [1]

Output: A client is experiencing nausea and vomiting related to non obstructive gastric retention after abdominal surgery. Which of the following would you expect the physician to order? a. Scopolamine b. Dexamethasone c. Metoclopramide d. Ondasetron


Input: [2] d Rationale: Antihistamines such as meclizine and dimenhydrinate are useful for vomiting caused by labyrinthitis, uremia, or post operative status. [1]

Output: A client develops labyrinthitis. What would you expect the physician to order? a. Scopolamine b. Dexamethasone c. Metoclopramide d. Meclizine


Input: [2] antihistaminic [1]

Output: Promethazine (phenergan) a phenothiazine is often used clinically for its ________________ antiemetic and sedative effects.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ANCHONDROGENESIS.

Output: A lethal type of dwarfism similar to thanatophoric dwarfism

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ACHONDROPLASIA

Output: A type of dwarfism characterized by a bulging forehead and short limbs.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN ( AFP)

Output: An enzyme found in maternal blood and amniotic fluid that is elevated in the presence of neural crest anomalies, some gastrointestinal anomalies, fetal death, twins, wrong estimation of dates, fetal masses such as Sacrococcygeal teratoma and cystic hygroma, and maternal liver problems. Low levels of AFP are associated with Down syndrome

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] AMNIOTIC BAND SYNDROME

Output: Bands within the amniotic fluid adhere to the fetus and amputate portions of limbs. In its most severe form, it causes the limb/body wall complex.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ANAL ATRESIA

Output: Intestinal obstruction at the anal level due to failure to form the rectum; usually without sonographic features.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ANHYDRAMNIOS

Output: No amniotic fluid.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ARNOLD-CHIARI MALFORMATION (TYPE II)

Output: Low position of the cerebellum in the upper cervical spinal canal due to cord tethering. Associated with “Lemon” skull shape, banana-shaped cerebellum, and hydrocephalus.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] BANANA SIGN

Output: Change in the shape of the cerebellum (it becomes curved) that occurs in the presence of spina bifida.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] CISTERNA MAGNA

Output: Fluid-filled space at the back of the head that lies between the cerebellum and the skull

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] CLEFT PALATE

Output: Congenital gap in the midface that involves the palate, maxilla, and possibly the lip.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] CLOACA

Output: Fluid-filled bag into which ureters, rectum, and vagina enter; seen with certain developmental anomalies.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] CLOSED NEURAL DEFECTS

Output: Neural defects in which the spinal cord and brain are not in contact with the amniotic fluid and thus are not associated with an elevated alphafetoprotein level.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] CLUBFOOT

Output: The foot is acutely angled. This abnormal foot position may be a sign of chromosomal anomaly.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] CYCLOPS

Output: A single eye is present. Associated with holoprosencepaly.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] CYLLOSOMA (limb/body wall complex)

Output: Lethal abnormality thought to be due to amniotic bands. Features are gastroschisis, spina bifida, kyphoscoliosis, and absent limbs.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] CYSTIC HYGROMA

Output: Large fluid-containing sac filled with lymph, usually located in the region of the neck. May be part of a generalized fatal condition—lymphangiectasia—or a benign focal process. Associated with Turner’s and Down syndrome

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION DISEASE (CMV)

Output: Fetal viral disease sometimes resulting in intracranial calcification, microcephaly, and mental deficiency.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] DANDY-WALKER SYNDROME

Output: Brain anomaly with a dilated fourth ventricle and possible secondary dilatation of the rest of the ventricles of the brain. A small cerebellum is the cardinal feature.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA

Output: A portion of one diaphragm is missing, and the bowel or liver lies in the chest.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] DOUBLE BUBBLE SIGN

Output: Sign of duodenal atresia in which two circular, fluid-filled structures, representing the stomach and duodenum, are seen in the upper abdomen.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] DOWN SYNDROME (MONGOLISM

Output: Syndrome seen predominantly in the fetuses of women who are over 35 yrs old; recognizable at amniotic fluid analysis or chorionic villus sampling by the presence of an abnormal chromosome. It is associated with congenital heart disease and duodenal atresia.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] DUODENAL ATRESIA

Output: Intestinal obstruction at a duodenal level with subsequent distention of the duodenum and stomach by fluid. Associated with polyhydramnios and Down syndrome

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] DUPLICATION CYST

Output: Congenital anomaly. A portion of the gastrointestinal tract, usually the stomach, is reduplicated. If a cystic mass can be seen with U/S, there is generally not a patent connection between the gut and the cyst.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] DYSPLESIA

Output: see mulicystic (DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY)

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ECTOPIA CORDIS

Output: The heart parially lies outside and anterior to the chest. Associated with Omphalocele and Pentalogy of Cantrell.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ELLIS-van CREVELD SYNDROME (SIX-FINGERED DWARFISM)

Output: TYPE OF DWARFISM IN WHICH THERE ARE EXTRA DIGITS

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ENCEPHALOCELE

Output: HERNIATION OF THE COVERINGS OF THE BRAIN THROUGH DEFECT IN THE SKULL. BRAIN TISSUE IS CONTAINED W/IN THE HERNIATION, ALTHOUGH USUALLY MOST OF THE CONTENTS OF THE SAC ARE FLUID.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] EXENCEPHALY

Output: VARIANT OF ANENCEPHALY IN WHICH SOME CORTICAL BRAIN REMAINS

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] FINNISH NEPHROPATHY

Output: A CAUSE OF RENAL FAILURE AND INCREASED AFP. THE KIDNEYS ARE OFTEN NORMAL BUT MAY BE LARGE AND ECHOGENIC.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ANENCEPHALY

Output: Most common fetal intracranial anomaly. The base of the brain and face are the only things present in the head; the craniaum is absent.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] CYSTIC ADENOMATOID MALFORMATION

Output: Anomaly in which a part of the lung is replaced by cysts.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] DIASTEMATOMYELIA

Output: Bony spur in the center of the spinal canal, splitting the cord.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] GASTROSCHISIS

Output: Condition similar to Omphalocele except that no membrane covers the herniated material. Gut floats freely in the amniotic fluid. The wal defect is in the right lower part of the abdomen.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] HOLOPROSENCEPHALY

Output: Intracranial anomaly. A Horseshoe-shaped ventricle replaces the 2 lateral ventricles. Usually fatal or causes severe mental retardation. Associated w/ Trisomy 13 and facial defects such as cleft lip and palate, hypotelorism in extreme cases, cyclopia and probscis

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] HOLT-ORAM SYNDROME

Output: Congenital syndrome consisting of a combination of heart disease and absence of a digit or the radius in the arm.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] HYDRANENCEPHALY

Output: Absence of the cortical brain. Portions of the mdbrain and brainstem are present. Not compatible with life.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] HYDROCEPHALUS

Output: Marked enlargement of the cerebral ventricles. Implies entricular obstruction. A better term is Ventriculomegaly or nonspecific ventricular enlargement.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] HYDRONEPHROSIS

Output: An obstructed kidney with a dilated collecting system.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] HYDROPS FETALIS

Output: The fetal abdomen contains ascites and the skin is thickened by excess fluid. This condition has a variety of causes, of which the most well known is rhesus incompatibility (Rh disease). Other causes are grouped as nonimmune hydrops.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME

Output: Congenital abnormality in which the aorta and left side of the heart are too small. This condition is often fatal after birth, even with surgery.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] HYPOTELORISM

Output: Condition in which the orbits are too close together.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] ILEAL ATRESIA

Output: Intestinal obstruction at a midgut level. Filling of small bowel loops with fluid; associated with polyhydramnios.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] INFANTILE POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY

Output: A congenital conditon in which large kidneys are filled with tiny cysts.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] INIENCEPHALY

Output: Defect consisting of an Encephalocele that involves the posterior aspects of the skull and the cervical vertebrae; some vertebrae may be missing.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] KAROTYPE

Output: Process of performing chromosomal analysis on a fetus.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] KLEEBATTSCHADEL DEFORMITY

Output: Skull deformity in which there is a large bony bulge of the superior aspect of the head.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] KYPHOSCOLIOSIS

Output: Spine that is bent sideways and undully flexed.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] LAMINA

Output: Lateral bridgeof bone covering the posterior spinal canal.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] LEMON SIGN

Output: Deformity of the skull in which it assumes a shpae similar to a lemon. The frontal areas become flatted. This type of anomaly is seen when spina bifida is present.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] LIMB / BODY WALL SYNDROME

Output: SAME AS CYLLOSOMA lethal abnormality thought to be due to the amniotic bands. Features are Gastroschisis, spinal fifida, kyphoscoliosis, and absent limbs.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] LYMPHANGIOMA

Output: SEE CYSTIC HYGROMA Large fluid-containing sac filled w/ lymph, usually located in the region of the neck.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MECKEL'S SYNDROME (MECKEL-GRUBER SYNDROME)

Output: A lethal syndrome consisting of infantile polycystic kidney, Encephalocele, and extra digits (polydactyly).

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MECONIUM

Output: Contents of the fetal bowel.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MECONIUM PERITONITIS

Output: Bowel rupture in utero, which leads to meconium spilage with consequent calcification. There is usually bowel obstruction.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MEGACYSTIS MICROCOLON SYNDORME

Output: Rare anomaly with huge bladder, dilated ureters, and calyces, and minute large bowel. Only the bladder is visible w/ u/s. Most patients are female, and there is often polyhyramnios.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MENINGOCELE

Output: Spinal bone defect with cerebrospinal fluid pouch.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MICROCEPHALY

Output: Unduly small skull and brain; associated with mental dificiency.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MICROGNATHIA

Output: Small or absent jaw. A feature of a number of rare syndromes.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MULTICYSTIC (DYSPLASTIC) KIDNEY

Output: Developmental abnormality of the kidney in which the normal renal parenchyma is totally replaced by cysts of varying sizes. If bilateral, it is not compatible with survival.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MYELOCELE

Output: Spinal bone defect with spinal cord protursion, but no cerebrospinal fluid pouch.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MYELOMENINGOCELE

Output: Bone defect associated with tethering and distortion of the spinal cord and a fluid-containing cavity at the level of the abnormality.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] MUTATION

Output: Spontaneous changee in the chromosomal make-up of a cell.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] NEURAL CREST ANOMALY

Output: A brain/spinal defect in which there is no skin covering on the spine or brain, and therefore contact between some portiion of the central nervous systemand teh anmiotic fluid occurs. This combination gives rise to a raised AFP level. Anencephaly, Encephalocele, and Spina bifida are examples of neural crest anomalies.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] OMPHALOCELE

Output: Herniation of some of the gut, including the liver, out of the abdomen through an umbilical opening (see gastroschisis). A membrane coversthe herniateed contents. Associated with other congenital anomalies.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Output: Congenital anomaly in which bone fractures occur.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] PENTALOGY OF CANTRELL

Output: Combination of partial diaphragmatic absence, ectopia cordis, Omphalocele, sternal abnormality, and pericardial deficiency.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] PHOCAMELIA

Output: Most of the arms or legs are absent so that flippers originate from the trunk. Used to be seen following thalidomide administration.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES

Output: Valves situated in the posterior urethras cause partial or complete obstruction of the bladders, ureters, and kidneys. Occurs Only In MALES.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] POTTER'S SYNDROME

Output: Fetus with bilateral renal abnormalities, which may consist of absent kidneys, bilateral hydronephrosis, bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys, or infantile polycystic kidney. Anhydramnios may accompany this syndrome. The consequences of absent amniotic fluid-unusual face, deformed limbs, and hypoplastic lungs-will be seen at birth. Most such fetuses are stillborn.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] PROBOSCIS

Output: Instead of anose, this soft tissue tubular structure may be seen above the eyes in Holoprosencephaly.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] PRUNE BELLY (EAGLE-BARRETT) SYNDROME (AGENESIS OF THE ABDOMINAL MUSCLES)

Output: Congenital condition in which there are weakened or absent abdominal wall muscles, markedly distended ureters with tiny or hydronephrotic kidneys, and a large bladder.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] PULMONARY HYPOPLASIA

Output: Condition associated with Oligohydramnios and extrinsic pressure on the chest, due to fluid or masses, in which the lungs never function adequately after birth.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] RACHISCHISIS

Output: The bone and soft tissues that cover the posterior aspects of the spinal canal are unfused so the spinal cord is exposed.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.


Input: [ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE] REFLUX (VESICOURETHRAL)

Output: In the normal fetus, the ureter enters the bladder, but not to go back to the kidney. If this tunnel is short, urine can pass in either direction. Reversal of urine flow back tothe kidney is known as reflux.

chap 18 key words Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

An enzyme found in the amniotic fluid when a neural crest anomaly is present. It may be found in trace amounts if an abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, is present.