Input: [Inflammation] Lymphangitis / Lymphadenitis

Output: acute inflammation of the lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes and usually reflects extension of inflammation from a site that these lymphatics drain

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] endothelial cell contraction disruption of cell-cell junction endothelial cell damage

Output: Increased Vascular permeability is caused by what 3 possible mechanisms?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] Exudation Edema Stagnation of blood WBC margination

Output: What are the results of increased vascular permeability?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] serum factors (OPSONINS)

Output: Extraneous substances need to be coated with ? in order to be recognized by phagocytes

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] lysosomes release of lysosomal contents into phagolysosomes is DEGRANULATION

Output: The granules of "granulocytes" are ?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] Defensins (cationic protein neutrophil granules) Lysosyme (neutrophil granules) Lactoferrin (neutrophil granules) Major basic protein (eosinophils)

Output: What are Oxygen-Independent Mechanisms?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] NADPH changes O2 to O2- Superoxide Dismutase changes O2- to H2O2 MYELOPEROXIDASE changes H2O2 and Cl into HOCl- HOCl- is a potent bactericidal agent.

Output: What is the H2O2 - Myeloperoxidase - Halide System? What is the end product used for?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] O2- (superoxide) OH. (hydroxl) NO (nitric oxide)

Output: What does Myeloperoxidase - Independent System utilize in bacterial killing?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] Lysosomal Enzymes Oxygen Radicals

Output: During an inflammation response what is one of the main causes of localized tissue damage from leukocytes?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] Myeloperoxidase

Output: What is the major bacterial killing mechanism in Neutrophils?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] IL-1 TNF alpha

Output: What cytokines do Macrophage/Monocytes produce?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] Mast cell / Basophil

Output: What cell contains virtually all of the histamine in the body?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: [Inflammation] Major Basic Protein

Output: What do Eosinophils have that are effective against parasites?

The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.


Input: lines that lie in the same plane and do not intersect; they are always the same distance apart [line segment]

Output: Parallel


Input: lines that meet or cross at a common point [line segment]

Output: intersecting


Input: two lines or line segments that cross or meet to form right angles [line segment]

Output: perpendicular


Input: an angle made when two line segments meet to form a square corner; it measure 90 degrees [line segment]

Output: right angle


Input: part of a line that starts at an endpoint and goes on forever in one direction [line segment]

Output: ray


Input: a figure that is formed by two rays with the same endpoint [line segment]

Output: angle


Input: points common to the sides of an angle or two sides of a polygon [line segment]

Output: vertex


Input: an angle that measures more than 90 degrees and less than 180 [line segment]

Output: obtuse angle


Input: an angle that measures less than 90 degrees [line segment]

Output: acute angle


Input: an angle that measures exactly 180 degrees; a straight angle forms a straight line [line segment]

Output: straight line


Input: units for measuring angles or temperature [line segment]

Output: degrees


Input: a device used to measure and draw angles [line segment]

Output: protractor


Input: a simple closed plane figure made up of three or more line segments [line segment]

Output: polygon


Input: a parallelogram with all four sides of the same length [line segment]

Output: rhombus


Input: the line segments that make up a polygon [line segment]

Output: sides


Input: a quadrilateral with only two parallel sides [line segment]

Output: trapezoid


Input: a triangle that has three congruent sides [line segment]

Output: equilateral triangle


Input: a triangle that has two congruent sides [line segment]

Output: isosceles triangle


Input: a triangle with all sides of different lengths [line segment]

Output: scalene triangle


Input: a triangle with one angle which measures 90 degrees [line segment]

Output: right triangle


Input: a triangle with one obtuse angle [line segment]

Output: obtuse triangle


Input: a triangle in which each of the three angles is acute [line segment]

Output: acute triangle


Input: a point inside a circle at the exact middle [line segment]

Output: center


Input: a segment that connects the center of a circle to any point on the circle [line segment]

Output: radius


Input: a line segment that connects two points on the circle and passes through the center [line segment]

Output: diameter


Input: a line segment that connects two points on a circle [line segment]

Output: chord


Input: What drug is most useful in aborting an attack of stable angina [beta blocker]

Output: sublingual nitrate

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What classes of drugs can prophylactically treat stable angina [beta blocker]

Output: beta blockers nitrates calcium channel blockers ranolazine

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What classes of drugs can prophylactically treat Prinzmetal's angina [beta blocker]

Output: nitrates calcium channel blockers

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: MOA - beta blockers in treating chronic stable angina [beta blocker]

Output: block beta1 on the heart reduce heart rate, contractility and oxygen demand

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: MOA - nitrates in treating stable angina [beta blocker]

Output: dilates veins reduces preload, wall stress and oxygen demand

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: MOA - nitrates in treating Prinzmetal's angina [beta blocker]

Output: dilates coronary arteries, relieves vasospasm

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: MOA - DHP calcium channel blockers in treating stable angina [beta blocker]

Output: dilates arteries - decreases PVR, afterload, wall stress and oxygen demand

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What effect does isosorbide dinitrate have on preload, afterload and contractility [beta blocker]

Output: reduces preload, little effect on afterload (reduction), no effect on contractility

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A patient began a drug for their stable angina. They started complaining of palpitations. what did they most likely take? nitrate, beta blocker, non-DHP CCB [beta blocker]

Output: nitrate

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A person is put on the nitroglycerin patch. They are told to take the patch off before they go to bed. Why? [beta blocker]

Output: Chronic use can cause tolerance. Need a nitrate free interval every day.

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Why are nitrates not used for the treatment of chronic hypertension? [beta blocker]

Output: you have high BP 24 hours a day, and you need a nitrate free interval to prevent tolerance to the drug

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A person had taken sildenafil. If they take a nitrate, what can happen? [beta blocker]

Output: Don't break down the NO that is generated and severe hypotension

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which of the following will decrease heart rate and oxygen demand in treating stable angina? nitroglycerin, hydrochlorothiazide, diltiazem, nifedipine [beta blocker]

Output: diltiazem

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A patient is on a beta blocker for stable angina. They are still having problems. Which of the following would be best to combine with the beta blocker? amlodipine, verapamil [beta blocker]

Output: amlodipine

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a proposed law [constituents]

Output: bill

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: groups of people who work together for similar interests or goals. [constituents]

Output: interest groups

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: people who represent interest groups [constituents]

Output: lobbyists

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the area that a member of the House represents [constituents]

Output: congressional district

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the plan for raising and spending money [constituents]

Output: budget

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the law that convicts a person of a crime without a trial [constituents]

Output: bill of attainder

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the presiding officer of the House of Representatives [constituents]

Output: Speaker of the House

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the officer who will preside over the Senate when the Vice President is absent [constituents]

Output: president pro tempore

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the chief officers of the majority and minority parties in each house. [constituents]

Output: floor leaders

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: if the President pockets, or keeps, the bill for 10 days, during which Congress ends its session, the bill will not become law. [constituents]

Output: pocket veto

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the use of long speeches to prevent a vote on a bill. [constituents]

Output: filibuster

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an agreement to end the debate on a bill. [constituents]

Output: cloture

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the branch of government responsible for executing, or carrying out, the law [constituents]

Output: executive branch

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the set of plans for guiding our nation's relationships with other countries. [constituents]

Output: foreign policy

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the official representatives to foreign governments [constituents]

Output: Ambassadors

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: agreements with other countries that do not need Senate approval. [constituents]

Output: executive agreements

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a set of plans for dealing with national problems. [constituents]

Output: domestic policy

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an organization of government departments, agencies, and offices. [constituents]

Output: bureaucracy

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a team of executive branch officials [constituents]

Output: administration

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: formal agreements between nations [constituents]

Output: treaties

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the right to keep some information secret from Congress and the courts [constituents]

Output: executive privilege

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an individual or a group of people who bring a complaint against another party. The party who answers a complaint and defends against it is called [constituents]

Output: plaintiff

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The party who answers a complaint and defends against it [constituents]

Output: defendant

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a government body that brings a criminal charge against a defendant who is accused of breaking one of its laws. [constituents]

Output: prosecution

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a guideline for how all similar cases should be decided in the future. [constituents]

Output: precedent

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the authority to hear a case first [constituents]

Output: jurisdiction

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: to ask a higher court to review the decision and determine if justice was done [constituents]

Output: appeal

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the authority to hear an appeal [constituents]

Output: appellate jurisdiction

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: handles appeals from the federal district courts [constituents]

Output: courts of appeals

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: another name for the courts of appeals [constituents]

Output: circuit courts

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the power to overturn any law that the Court decides is in conflict with the Constitution [constituents]

Output: judicial review

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a written statement explaining the reasons for the decisions [constituents]

Output: opinion

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an effort by judges to take an active role in policymaking by overturning laws relatively often [constituents]

Output: judicial activism

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an effort by judges to avoid overturning laws and to leave policymaking up to the other 2 branches of government. [constituents]

Output: judicial restraint

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Government response to public issues [constituents]

Output: public policy

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a common system of government in which practically all political power lies with a central government [constituents]

Output: unitary system

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: divided among districts [constituents]

Output: apportioned

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the process by which citizens can propose laws [constituents]

Output: initiative

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the process by which a law is referred to the voters to approve or reject [constituents]

Output: referendum

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a process for removing elected officials from office [constituents]

Output: recall

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: income [constituents]

Output: revenue

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: charges made on purchases of goods and services [constituents]

Output: sales tax

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a charge on certain goods, such as alcoholic beverages, gasoline, and tobacco. [constituents]

Output: excise tax

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a tax on the earnings of individuals and businesses [constituents]

Output: income tax

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: certificates that people buy from the government [constituents]

Output: bonds

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the power to reject particular parts, or items, of a bill [constituents]

Output: item veto

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the state official second in rank to the governor [constituents]

Output: lieutenant governor

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a method of choosing judges [constituents]

Output: missouri plan

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: official governmental bodies that handle situations in which judges might not be doing their job well [constituents]

Output: judicial action commissions

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a group of people who manage the business of an organization [constituents]

Output: board

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: local laws [constituents]

Output: ordinances

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a government that serves people who live in an urban area [constituents]

Output: municipality

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: services needed by the public, such as water, gas, and electricity [constituents]

Output: utilities

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: local rules that divide a community into areas and tell how the land in each area can be used [constituents]

Output: zoning

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a tax on land and buildings [constituents]

Output: property tax

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: money given by one level of government to another [constituents]

Output: Intergovernmental revenue

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: money that Federal and state governments often give to local communities [constituents]

Output: grant

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: groups that work together to meet regional needs [constituents]

Output: councils of governments

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the right to write their own charter [constituents]

Output: home rule

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: rules enforced by governments [constituents]

Output: laws

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: beliefs about what is fair and what is right or wrong [constituents]

Output: morals

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: breaking a law in a nonviolent way because it goes against personal morals [constituents]

Output: civil disobedience

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: written laws made by legislatures [constituents]

Output: statutes

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a body of law based on judges' decisions [constituents]

Output: common law

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a written collection of laws, often organized by subject [constituents]

Output: legal code

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: any behavior that is illegal because the government considers it harmful to society [constituents]

Output: crime

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the group of laws that tell which acts are crimes, how accused persons should be tried in court, and how crimes should be punished [constituents]

Output: Criminal law

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a serious crime for which the penalty can be imprisonment for more than 1 year [constituents]

Output: felony

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a less serious crime for which the penalty is often a fine [constituents]

Output: misdemeanor

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the group of laws that help settle disagreements between people [constituents]

Output: Civil law

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: placing someone in fear without actual physical contact. [constituents]

Output: Assault

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: placing someone in fear with physical contact, as with a weapon or a foot [constituents]

Output: Battery

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when a person breaks into a building and plans to do something illegal inside [constituents]

Output: burglary

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: stealing money that has been entrusted to your care [constituents]

Output: embezzlement

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the betrayal of one's country by helping its enemies or by making war against it. [constituents]

Output: treason

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a crime in which people or groups of people use, or say the will use, violence in order to get what they want from the government or society. [constituents]

Output: terrorism

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a good reason to believe that a suspect has been involved in a crime [constituents]

Output: probable cause

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a legal paper, issued by a court, giving police permission to make an arrest, seizure, or search [constituents]

Output: warrant

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: money that a defendant gives the court as a kind of promise that he or she will return for the trial [constituents]

Output: bail

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a formal charge against the accused-or refuse to indict [constituents]

Output: indictment

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a court hearing in which the defendant is formally charged with a crime and enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest [constituents]

Output: arraignment

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: agreeing to plead guilty in exchange for a lesser charge or a lighter sentence [constituents]

Output: plea bargaining

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: letting an inmate go free to serve the rest of his or her sentence outside of prison [constituents]

Output: parole

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a juvenile who is found guilty of a crime [constituents]

Output: delinquent

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a youth who is found guilty of running away, disobedience, or truancy (skipping school without permission). -a youth who is judged to be beyond the control of his or her parents or guardian [constituents]

Output: status offender

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cases in which a court is asked to settle a dispute [constituents]

Output: lawsuits

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: being "made whole" for harm caused by another person's acts [constituents]

Output: compensation

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: money that is paid in an effort to make up for a loss [constituents]

Output: damages

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the use of general rules of fairness, to settle conflicts [constituents]

Output: equity

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an order to do or not do a certain act [constituents]

Output: injunction

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: legal agreements between buyers and sellers [constituents]

Output: contracts

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a legal document that charges someone with having caused harm [constituents]

Output: complaint

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an order to appear in court [constituents]

Output: summons

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the process of gathering evidence before a trial [constituents]

Output: discovery

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a court order to produce a witness or document [constituents]

Output: subpoena

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the record of answers to questions asked of a witness before a trial [constituents]

Output: deposition

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the defendant's written response to a complaint [constituents]

Output: answer

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a process by which people agree to use a 3rd party to help them settle a conflict [constituents]

Output: mediation

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the use of a 3rd person to make a legal decision that is binding on all parties [constituents]

Output: arbitration

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a civil court that people use when the amount of money they want to recover is small, usually not more than $3,000 dollars [constituents]

Output: Small claims court

Civics Final chaps 8,9,10,11,12 and 19,20,21 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [real property] land

Output: earth

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] easement

Output: permanent right that one has in the land of another

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] dominant tenement

Output: land that is benefited by an easement

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] servient tenement

Output: land that is subject to an easement

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] easement by implication

Output: easement not specifically created by deed that arises from the circumstances of the parties and the land location and access.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] way of necessity

Output: grantee's right to use land retained by the grantor for going to and from the conveyed land.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] prescription

Output: acquisition of a right to use the land of another

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] profit

Output: right to take a part of the soil or produce of another's land

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] license

Output: personal privilege to do some act or series of acts upon the land of another

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] lien

Output: claim or right

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] tax lien

Output: lien on property by a government agency for nonpayment of taxes.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] judgment lien

Output: lien by a creditor who has won a verdict against the landowner in court.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] mechanic's lien

Output: protection afforded by statute to various kinds of laborers and persons supplying materials

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] fixture

Output: personal property that has become so attached to or adapted to real estate that is has lost its character as personal property and is part of the real estate.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] fee simple estate

Output: highest level of land ownership; full interest of unlimited duration.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] life estate

Output: an estate for the duration of a life.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] leasehold estate

Output: interest of a tenant in rented land.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] estate in fee

Output: largest estate possible

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] fee simple defeasibles

Output: fee simple interest can be lost if restrictions on its use are violated.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] remainder interest

Output: land interest that follows a life estate.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] possibility of reverter

Output: nature of the interest held by the grantor after conveying land outright but subject to a condition or provision that may cause the grantee's interest to become forfeited and the interest to revert to the grantor or heirs.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] trespass

Output: an unauthorized action with respect to person or property.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] licensee

Output: someone on another's premises with the permission of the occupier

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] invitee

Output: person who enters another's land by invitation.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] attractive nuisance doctrine

Output: a rule imposing liability upon a landowner for injuries sustained by small children playing on the land when the landowner permits a condition to exist or maintains equipment that a reasonable person should realize would attract small children who could not realize the danger. The rule does not apply if an unreasonable burden would be imposed upon the landowner in taking steps to protect the children.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] condominium

Output: combination of co-ownershp and individual ownership.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] cooperative

Output: group of two or more persons or enterprises that acts through a common agent with respect to a common objective

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] deed

Output: an instrument by which the grantor (owner of land) conveys or transfers the title to a grantee.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] grantor

Output: owner who transfers or conveys an interest in land to a new owner.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] grantee

Output: new owner of a land conveyance

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] transferee

Output: buyer or vendee

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] quitclaim deed

Output: deed by which the grantor purports to give up only whatever right or title the grantor may have in the property without specifying or warranting transfer of any particular interest.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] warranty deed

Output: deed by which the grantor conveys a specific estate or interest to the grantee and makes one or mroe of the covenants of the title.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] acceptance

Output: unqualified assent to the act or proposal of another

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] recorder

Output: public official in charge of deeds.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] race statute

Output: statute under which the first party to record the deed holds the title.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] notice statute

Output: statute under which the last good faith or bona fide purchaser holds the title.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] notice-race statute

Output: statute under which the first bond fide purchaser to record the deed holds the title.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] abstract of title

Output: history of the transfers of title to a given piece of land

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] warranty of title

Output: implied warranty that title to the goods is good and transfer is proper.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] covenants of title

Output: grantor's covenants of a deed that guarantee such matters as the right to make the conveyance

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] covenant of seisin

Output: gurantee that the grantor of an interest in land owns the estate conveyed to a new owner.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] covenant of right to convey

Output: gurantee that the grantor of an interest in land

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] covenant against encumbrances

Output: gurantee that conveyed land is not subject to any right or interest of a third person.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] covenant of quiet enjoyment

Output: covenant by the grantor of an interest in land that the grantee's possession of the land shall not be disturbed.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] limited covenant

Output: any covenant that does not provide the complete protection of a full covenant.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] covenant of further assurances

Output: promise that the grantor of an interest in land will execute any additional documents required to perfect the title of the grantee.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] run with the land

Output: concept that certain covenants in a deed to land are deemed to run or pass with the land so that whoever owns the land is bound by or entitled to the benefit of the covenants.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] eminent domain

Output: power of government and certain kinds of corporations to take private property against the objection of the owner

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] adverse possession

Output: hostile possession of real estate

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] mortgage

Output: interest in land given by the owner to a creditor as security for the payment of the creditor for a debt

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)

Output: mortgage with variable financing charges over the life of the loan.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] reverse mortgage

Output: mortgage in which the owners get their equity out of their home over a period of time and return the house to the lender upon their deaths.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] assumption

Output: mortgage transfers in which the transferee and mortgagor are liable and the property is subject to foreclosure by the morgagee if payments are not made.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] foreclosure

Output: procedure for enforcing a mortgage resulting in the public sale of the mortgaged property and

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] stay of foreclosure

Output: delay of foreclosure obtained by the mortgagor to prevent undue hardship.

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [real property] redemption

Output: buying back of one's property

BLaw ch 49 Real Property Flashcards - Cram.com

legally protected interest - includes the physical thing itself - a right related to an interest


Input: [Utility] Diminishing Marginal Utility

Output: the principle that the more of a good that one obtains in a specific period of time, the less is the additional utility yeilded by an additional unit of that good

a measure of the satisfaction received from possessing or consumin goods and services


Input: [Utility] Marginal Utility

Output: the extra utility derived from consuming one more unit of a good or service

a measure of the satisfaction received from possessing or consumin goods and services


Input: [Utility] disutility

Output: dissatisfaction

a measure of the satisfaction received from possessing or consumin goods and services


Input: [Utility] total utility

Output: a measure of the total satisfaction derived from consuming a quantityof some good or service

a measure of the satisfaction received from possessing or consumin goods and services


Input: [Utility] equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium

Output: to mazimize utility, consumers must allocate their scarce incomes among goods so as to equate the marginal utilities per dollar of expenditure on the last unit of each good purchased

a measure of the satisfaction received from possessing or consumin goods and services


Input: [Utility] cunsumer surplus

Output: the difference between what the consumer is willing and able to pay for a unit of a good and the price that the consumer actually has to pay

a measure of the satisfaction received from possessing or consumin goods and services


Input: [Utility] indifference

Output: lacking any preference

a measure of the satisfaction received from possessing or consumin goods and services


Input: [Utility] indifference curve

Output: a curve showing all combinations of two goods that the consumer is indifferent among

a measure of the satisfaction received from possessing or consumin goods and services


Input: [Utility] indifference map

Output: a complete set of indifference curves

a measure of the satisfaction received from possessing or consumin goods and services


Input: [Utility] budget line

Output: a line showing all the combinations of goods that can be purchased with a given level of income

a measure of the satisfaction received from possessing or consumin goods and services


Input: [1] object [2]

Output: An object is a software bundle of related state and behavior.


Input: [1] class [2]

Output: A class is a blueprint or prototype from which objects are created.


Input: [1] inheritance [2]

Output: classes inherit state and behavior from their superclasses.


Input: [1] interface [2]

Output: An interface is a contract between a class and the outside world.


Input: [1] package [2]

Output: A package is a namespace for organizing classes and interfaces in a logical manner.


Input: [1] A software object's behavior is exposed through ___. [2]

Output: methods


Input: [1] A software object's state is stored in ___. [2]

Output: fields


Input: [1] Hiding internal data from the outside world, and accessing it only through publicly exposed methods is known as data ___. [2]

Output: encapsulation


Input: [1] A collection of methods with no implementation is called an ___. [2]

Output: interface


Input: [1] Common behavior can be defined in a superclass and inherited into a _____ using the extends keyword. [2]

Output: subclass


Input: [1] interface Bicycle [2]

Output: class ACMEBicycle implements Bicycle


Input: [1] Instance Variables [2]

Output: Non-Static Fields


Input: [1] Class Variables [2]

Output: Static Fields


Input: [1] Local Variables [2]

Output: a method will often store its temporary state in local variables


Input: [1] Parameters [2]

Output: variables that are listed as part of a method declaration.


Input: [1] Primitive Data Types [2]

Output: byte short int long float double boolean char


Input: [1] java.lang.String class [2]

Output: String s = "this is a string";. String objects are immutable


Input: [1] default values [2]

Output: Data Type Default Value (for fields) byte 0 short 0 int 0 long 0L float 0.0f double 0.0d char '\u0000' String (or any object) null boolean false


Input: [1] Literals [2]

Output: Data Type Default Value (for fields) byte 0 short 0 int 0 long 0L float 0.0f double 0.0d char '\u0000' String (or any object) null boolean false


Input: [1] Integer literals [2]

Output: // The number 26, in decimal int decVal = 26; // The number 26, in hexadecimal int hexVal = 0x1a; // The number 26, in binary int binVal = 0b11010;


Input: [1] Floating point literals [2]

Output: double d1 = 123.4; // same value as d1, but in scientific notation double d2 = 1.234e2; float f1 = 123.4f;


Input: [1] Escape sequences [2]

Output: \b (backspace), \t (tab), \n (line feed), \f (form feed), \r (carriage return), \" (double quote), \' (single quote), and \\ (backslash).


Input: [1] array [2]

Output: byte[] anArrayOfBytes; short[] anArrayOfShorts; long[] anArrayOfLongs; float[] anArrayOfFloats; double[] anArrayOfDoubles; boolean[] anArrayOfBooleans; char[] anArrayOfChars; String[] anArrayOfStrings;


Input: [1] What is final? [2]

Output: A final class can't be extended ie., final class may not be subclassed. A final method can't be overridden when its class is inherited. You can't change value of a final variable (is a constant).


Input: [1] What is static in java? [2]

Output: Static means one per class, not one for each object no matter how many instance of a class might exist. This means that you can use them without creating an instance of a class.Static methods are implicitly final, because overriding is done based on the type of the object, and static methods are attached to a class, not an object. A static method in a superclass can be shadowed by another static method in a subclass, as long as the original method was not declared final. However, you can't override a static method with a nonstatic method. In other words, you can't change a static method into an instance method in a subclass.


Input: [1] What is an abstract class? [2]

Output: Abstract class must be extended/subclassed (to be useful). It serves as a template. A class that is abstract may not be instantiated (ie, you may not call its constructor), abstract class may contain static data. Any class with an abstract method is automatically abstract itself, and must be declared as such. A class may be declared abstract even if it has no abstract methods. This prevents it from being instantiated.


Input: [1] State the significance of public, private, protected, default modifiers both singly and in combination and state the effect of package relationships on declared items qualified by these modifiers. [2]

Output: public : Public class is visible in other packages, field is visible everywhere (class must be public too) private : Private variables or methods may be used only by an instance of the same class that declares the variable or method, A private feature may only be accessed by the class that owns the feature. protected : Is available to all classes in the same package and also available to all subclasses of the class that owns the protected feature.This access is provided even to subclasses that reside in a different package from the class that owns the protected feature. default :What you get by default ie, without any access modifier (ie, public private or protected).It means that it is visible to all within a particular package.


Input: [1] What is an Iterator? [2]

Output: Some of the collection classes provide traversal of their contents via a java.util.Iterator interface. This interface allows you to walk through a collection of objects, operating on each object in turn. Remember when using Iterators that they contain a snapshot of the collection at the time the Iterator was obtained; generally it is not advisable to modify the collection itself while traversing an Iterator.


Input: [1] What is the difference between a constructor and a method? [2]

Output: A constructor is a member function of a class that is used to create objects of that class. It has the same name as the class itself, has no return type, and is invoked using the new operator. A method is an ordinary member function of a class. It has its own name, a return type (which may be void), and is invoked using the dot operator.


Input: [1] Difference between Vector and ArrayList? [2]

Output: Vector is synchronized whereas arraylist is not.


Input: [1] Difference between HashMap and HashTable? [2]

Output: The HashMap class is roughly equivalent to Hashtable, except that it is unsynchronized and permits nulls. (HashMap allows null values as key and value whereas Hashtable doesnt allow). HashMap does not guarantee that the order of the map will remain constant over time. HashMap is unsynchronized and Hashtable is synchronized.


Input: [1] What is HashMap and Map? [2]

Output: Map is Interface and Hashmap is class that implements that.


Input: [1] What are pass by reference and passby value? [2]

Output: Pass By Reference means the passing the address itself rather than passing the value. Passby Value means passing a copy of the value to be passed.


Input: [1] Explain different way of using thread? [2]

Output: The thread could be implemented by using runnable interface or by inheriting from the Thread class. The former is more advantageous, 'cause when you are going for multiple inheritance..the only interface can help.


Input: [1] Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading. [2]

Output: With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchonization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared variable while another thread is in the process of using or updating same shared variable. This usually leads to significant errors.


Input: [1] What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used? [2]

Output: The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer needed by a program so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is used.


Input: [1] What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class? [2]

Output: An abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement default behavior and all methods are implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members and no implementation. An abstract class is a class which may have the usual flavors of class members (private, protected, etc.), but has some abstract methods. .


Input: [1] chemistry [2]

Output: the branch of science that involves the study of the compostion structure and properties of matter

Science: Order and Reality, 4.3 Chemistry: Matter Interacting with Matter Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] mixture [2]

Output: two or more substances that retain their chemical and physical properties when mixed together

Science: Order and Reality, 4.3 Chemistry: Matter Interacting with Matter Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] valence electrons [2]

Output: the electrons in an atom's last unfilled electrons shell

Science: Order and Reality, 4.3 Chemistry: Matter Interacting with Matter Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ion [2]

Output: an electrically charged atom that results from the loss or gain of electrons

Science: Order and Reality, 4.3 Chemistry: Matter Interacting with Matter Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] bond [2]

Output: a chemical bon in which electrons are competely transferred from one atom to another

Science: Order and Reality, 4.3 Chemistry: Matter Interacting with Matter Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] covalent bond [2]

Output: when atoms share electrons in order to complete their outer shells

Science: Order and Reality, 4.3 Chemistry: Matter Interacting with Matter Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] chemical equation [2]

Output: the representation of a chemical reaction in terms of chemical symbols

Science: Order and Reality, 4.3 Chemistry: Matter Interacting with Matter Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [beta blocker] sublingual nitrate

Output: What drug is most useful in aborting an attack of stable angina

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] beta blockers nitrates calcium channel blockers ranolazine

Output: What classes of drugs can prophylactically treat stable angina

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] nitrates calcium channel blockers

Output: What classes of drugs can prophylactically treat Prinzmetal's angina

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] block beta1 on the heart reduce heart rate, contractility and oxygen demand

Output: MOA - beta blockers in treating chronic stable angina

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] dilates veins reduces preload, wall stress and oxygen demand

Output: MOA - nitrates in treating stable angina

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] dilates coronary arteries, relieves vasospasm

Output: MOA - nitrates in treating Prinzmetal's angina

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] dilates arteries - decreases PVR, afterload, wall stress and oxygen demand

Output: MOA - DHP calcium channel blockers in treating stable angina

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] reduces preload, little effect on afterload (reduction), no effect on contractility

Output: What effect does isosorbide dinitrate have on preload, afterload and contractility

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] nitrate

Output: A patient began a drug for their stable angina. They started complaining of palpitations. what did they most likely take? nitrate, beta blocker, non-DHP CCB

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] Chronic use can cause tolerance. Need a nitrate free interval every day.

Output: A person is put on the nitroglycerin patch. They are told to take the patch off before they go to bed. Why?

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] you have high BP 24 hours a day, and you need a nitrate free interval to prevent tolerance to the drug

Output: Why are nitrates not used for the treatment of chronic hypertension?

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] Don't break down the NO that is generated and severe hypotension

Output: A person had taken sildenafil. If they take a nitrate, what can happen?

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] diltiazem

Output: Which of the following will decrease heart rate and oxygen demand in treating stable angina? nitroglycerin, hydrochlorothiazide, diltiazem, nifedipine

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [beta blocker] amlodipine

Output: A patient is on a beta blocker for stable angina. They are still having problems. Which of the following would be best to combine with the beta blocker? amlodipine, verapamil

Ischemic heart disease drugs - mechanism of action, clinical use, side effects Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the first line drug for the treatment of chronic stable angina


Input: [2] boldness [1]

Output: AUDACITY


Input: [2] greed for wealth [1]

Output: AVARICE


Input: [2] unwillingness to allow others to have different opinions and beliefs from one's own [1]

Output: BIGOTRY


Input: [2] benefit [1]

Output: BOON


Input: [2] strong protection [1]

Output: BULWARK


Input: [2] agreement [1]

Output: ACCORD


Input: [2] brisk willingness [1]

Output: ALACRITY


Input: [2] indifference [1]

Output: APATHY


Input: [2] feeling of deep disappointment [1]

Output: CHAGRIN


Input: [2] mercy [1]

Output: CLEMENCY


Input: [2] the essential point [1]

Output: CRUX


Input: [2] one who doubts the good intentions of others [1]

Output: CYNIC


Input: [2] scarcity [1]

Output: DEARTH


Input: [2] situation requiring a choice between two unpleasant courses of action [1]

Output: DILEMMA


Input: [2] loud continuing noise [1]

Output: DIN


Input: [2] disagreement [1]

Output: DISCORD


Input: [2] difference of opinion [1]

Output: DISSENT


Input: [2] one who judges everything only as it affects his own interest; a self-centered person [1]

Output: EGOTIST


Input: [2] an important project [1]

Output: ENTERPRISE


Input: [2] departure, usually of large numbers [1]

Output: EXODUS


Input: [2] continued deadly hatred [1]

Output: FEUD


Input: [2] complete, humiliating failure [1]

Output: FIASCO


Input: [2] inhumanly cruel person [1]

Output: FIEND


Input: [2] natural talent (e.g. for sports) [1]

Output: FLAIR


Input: [2] steady courage (e.g. when in trouble) [1]

Output: FORTITUDE


Input: [2] diliberate deception [1]

Output: FRAUD


Input: [2] outburst of excitement (e.g. over a discovery) [1]

Output: FUROR


Input: [2] the whole range (e.g. of experiences) [1]

Output: GAMUT


Input: [2] geographical dictionary, usually accompanying on an atlas [1]

Output: GAZETTEER


Input: [2] section of a city where members of a particular group (formerly religious, now racial) live [1]

Output: GHETTO


Input: [2] complaint made against someone responsible for a situation believed to be unjust [1]

Output: GRIEVANCE


Input: [2] great damage and distruction (e.g. wreak _____ on) [1]

Output: HAVOC


Input: [2] limit (of knowledge, experience, or ambition) [1]

Output: HORIZON


Input: [2] wild emotional outburst [1]

Output: HYSTERIA


Input: [2] expression peculiar to a language which has a different meaning from the words which make it up (e.g. hit the road) [1]

Output: IDIOM


Input: [2] moving force [1]

Output: IMPETUS


Input: [2] physical defect [1]

Output: INFIRMITY


Input: [2] secret plot [1]

Output: INTRIGUE


Input: [2] very small amount [1]

Output: IOTA


Input: [2] risk of harm [1]

Output: JEOPARDY


Input: [2] theft (e.g. they couldn't decide whether it was grand or petty _____) [1]

Output: LARCENY


Input: [2] one who is not a member of a particular profession (e.g. from the point of veiw of a _____) [1]

Output: LAYMAN


Input: [2] large number [1]

Output: LEGION


Input: [2] contact between two or more groups (e.g. _____ between headquarters and field units) [1]

Output: LIAISON


Input: [2] body of traditional knolege (e.g. nature _____) [1]

Output: LORE


Input: [2] disease (e.g. incurable ______) [1]

Output: MALADRY


Input: [2] abnormal absorbtion (e.g. She had a _____ for clothes) [1]

Output: MANIA


Input: [2] one who acts independently rather than according to an orginizational pattern [1]

Output: MAVERICK


Input: [2] saying which provides a rule of conduct [1]

Output: MAXIM


Input: [2] surroundings [1]

Output: MILIEU


Input: [2] well-established customs (e.g. the _____ of a society) [1]

Output: MORES


Input: [2] a place which provides relief from the usual conditions (e.g. an _____ of peace in a troubled world) [1]

Output: OASIS


Input: [2] place or condition in which one is completely forgotten [1]

Output: OBLIVION


Input: [2] first step, which is intended to lead to others in either action or discussion (e.g. He made a peace _____.) [1]

Output: OVERTURE


Input: [2] something considered a cure for all diseases or problems [1]

Output: PANACEA


Input: [2] statment of truth which appears to contradict itself (e.g. a 20-year-old who had only five birthdays because he was born on February 29). [1]

Output: PARADOX


Input: [2] scarcity (e.g. a _____ of nuclear scientists) [1]

Output: PAUCITY


Input: [2] very poor person [1]

Output: PAUPER


Input: [2] long trip to some place worthy of respect or devotion [1]

Output: PILGRIMAGE


Input: [2] calm and controlled manner of behavior (e.g. He showed _____ in difficult situations.) [1]

Output: POISE


Input: [2] future generations (e.g. leave a peaceful world to our _____) [1]

Output: POSTERITY


Input: [2] event or regulation which serves as an example or provides the basis of a later action (e.g. set a _____) [1]

Output: PRECEDENT


Input: [2] something which is preliminary to some act or work which is more important [1]

Output: PRELUDE


Input: [2] reason given as a cover-up for the tru purpose of an action (e.g. He gave as a _____ for stealing it his sentimental attachment to the ring.) [1]

Output: PRETEXT


Input: [2] outlook for the future (e.g. the _____ for peace) [1]

Output: PROSPECT


Input: [2] requirement that something be done, usually made in writing [1]

Output: PROVISO


Input: [2] uneasy doubt about some action (e.g. He had a _____ about running for office.) [1]

Output: QUALM


Input: [2] uncertainty over a choice between two courses of action (e.g. He was in a _____ between the careers of law and medicine.) [1]

Output: QUANDARY


Input: [2] question [1]

Output: QUERY


Input: [2] harmounious relationship (e.g. _____ between teacher and pupil) [1]

Output: RAPPORT


Input: [2] meal [1]

Output: REPAST


Input: [2] return of something in kind (e.g. _____ for an injury -- "An eye for an eye") [1]

Output: REPRISAL


Input: [2] temporary break which brings relief (e.g. _____ from work) [1]

Output: RESPITE


Input: [2] feeling of great respect (e.g. _____ for life) [1]

Output: REVERENCE


Input: [2] approval, usually by proper authority [1]

Output: SANCTION


Input: [2] use of cutting remarks [1]

Output: SARCASM


Input: [2] attack upon evil or foolis behavior by showing it to be rediculous [1]

Output: SATIRE


Input: [2] owtward appearance (e.g. He gave the _____ of a scholar.) [1]

Output: SEMBLANCE


Input: [2] bundle either of grain or of papers [1]

Output: SHEAF


Input: [2] trap [1]

Output: SNARE


Input: [2] comfort (e.g. She found _____ if work.) [1]

Output: SOLACE


Input: [2] height reached physically or morally (e.g. a man of great _____) [1]

Output: STRATURE


Input: [2] conflict (e.g. _____ between labor and management) [1]

Output: STRIFE


Input: [2] sudden overthrow, often violent [1]

Output: UPHEAVAL


Input: the principle that the more of a good that one obtains in a specific period of time, the less is the additional utility yeilded by an additional unit of that good [Utility]

Output: Diminishing Marginal Utility

equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium


Input: the extra utility derived from consuming one more unit of a good or service [Utility]

Output: Marginal Utility

equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium


Input: dissatisfaction [Utility]

Output: disutility

equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium


Input: a measure of the total satisfaction derived from consuming a quantityof some good or service [Utility]

Output: total utility

equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium


Input: to mazimize utility, consumers must allocate their scarce incomes among goods so as to equate the marginal utilities per dollar of expenditure on the last unit of each good purchased [Utility]

Output: equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium

equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium


Input: the difference between what the consumer is willing and able to pay for a unit of a good and the price that the consumer actually has to pay [Utility]

Output: cunsumer surplus

equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium


Input: lacking any preference [Utility]

Output: indifference

equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium


Input: a curve showing all combinations of two goods that the consumer is indifferent among [Utility]

Output: indifference curve

equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium


Input: a complete set of indifference curves [Utility]

Output: indifference map

equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium


Input: a line showing all the combinations of goods that can be purchased with a given level of income [Utility]

Output: budget line

equimarginal principle or consumer equilibrium


Input: parties to a contract are required to exercise reasonable caution and judgement [Voluntary]

Output: Parties duty of care

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: before performance has been rendered [Voluntary]

Output: Disaffirmed

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cancellation after performance is rendered [Voluntary]

Output: Rescind

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: not necessarily knowing, could be honest mistake [Voluntary]

Output: Misrepresentation

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: varies with circumstances [Voluntary]

Output: Material fact

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: indicate sales talk [Voluntary]

Output: Puffering

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: must be a causal connection between the misrepresentation and the complaining party having entered into the contract [Voluntary]

Output: Justifiable reliance

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: harm as a result of justifiable reliance on a misrepresented material fact [Voluntary]

Output: Detriment

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: intentional misrepresentation. knowingly, intent to decieve [Voluntary]

Output: Fraud

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: mental state of the defendant [Voluntary]

Output: Scienter

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: let the byer beware [Voluntary]

Output: Caveat emptor

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: misstatements about the content or legal effect of something usually contained in a form or preprinted contract [Voluntary]

Output: Fraud in the execution

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: affirm/ratify the contract and sue in tort . equivalent of criminal fraud in a civil action [Voluntary]

Output: Deceit

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: there must be a threat of physical injury, there must be a wrongful injury [Voluntary]

Output: Duress

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: nature of the relationship [Voluntary]

Output: Under influence

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: belief is not the product of a misstatement by the other party [Voluntary]

Output: Mistake

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: always a basis for rescission [Voluntary]

Output: Mutual

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: no reccession where one party operates under a mistaken belief [Voluntary]

Output: Unilateral

Business Law Chapter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] weaken [1]

Output: enervate

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] invigorate; make forceful and active. Rather than exhausting Maggie, dancing energized her [1]

Output: energize

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] lasting; surviving. Keats believed in the enduring power of great rat, which would outlast its creators' brief lives [1]

Output: enduring

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] provide with some quality; endow. He was endued with a lion's courage [1]

Output: endue

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] approve; support. Everyone waited to see which one of the rival candidates for the city council the major would endorse (secondary meaning) endorsement [1]

Output: endorse

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] prevailing among a specific group of people or in a specific area or country. This disease is endemic in this part of the world; more than 80 percent of the population are at one time or another affected by it [1]

Output: endemic

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fond word or act Your figts and endearments cannot make me forget your earlier insolence [1]

Output: endearment

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] burden. Some people encumber themselves with too much luggage when they take short trips [1]

Output: encumber

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gradual intrusion. The encroachment of the factories upon the neighborhood lowered the value of the real estate [1]

Output: encroachment

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] surround or encircle; enclose; include. A moat, or deep water-filled trench, encompassed the castle, protecting it from attack. THe team alternative medicine can encompass a wide range of therapies, including chiropractic, homeopathy, acupuncture, herbal medicine, meditation, biofeedback, massage therapy, and various'new age' therapies such as guided imagery and naturopathy [1]

Output: encompass

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] high praise; eulogy. Uneasy with the encomiums expressed by his supporters, Tolkien felt unworthy of such high praise [1]

Output: encomium

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] praising; eulogistic. Some critics believe that his encomiastic statements about Napoleon were inspired by his desire for material advancement rather than by an honest belief in the Emperor's genius [1]

Output: encomiastic

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] territory enclosed within a alien land. The Vatican is an independent enclave in Italy [1]

Output: enclave

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] encode; convert a message into code. In one of Bond's first lessons he learned how to encipher the messages he sent to Miss Moneypenny so that none of his other lady friends could read them [1]

Output: encipher

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] in love. Narcissus became enamored of his own beauty [1]

Output: enamore

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] imitate; rival. In a brief essay, describe a person you admire, someoen whose virtues you would like to emulate [1]

Output: emulate

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] based on experience. He distrusted hunches and intuitive flashes; he placed his reliance entirely on empirical data [1]

Output: empirical

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ability to identify wiht another's feelings, ideas. What mad Ann such a fine counselor was her empathy, her ability to put herself into someone's shoe [1]

Output: empathy

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] salary; compensation. In addition to the emolument this position offers, you must consider the social prestige it carries with it [1]

Output: emolument

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] soothing or softening remedy. Emollients soften the skin by slowing evaporation of water. [1]

Output: emollient

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] agent; messenger. The Secretary of state was sent as the president's special emissary to the conference on disarmament [1]

Output: emissary

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] high; lofty. After her appointment to this eminent position, she seldom had time for her former friends [1]

Output: eminent

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] substance causing vomiting. Ingesting an emetic like mustard is useful in some cases of poisoning [1]

Output: emetic

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] correction of errors; improvement.Please intiail all the emendations you have made in this contract [1]

Output: emendation

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] correct, usually a text. IN editing Beowulf for his new scholarly eiditon, Professor Oliver freely emended the manuscript's text whenever it seemed to make no sense. [1]

Output: emend

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] undevelpoped; rudimentary. The CEO reminisced about the good old days when the computer industry was still in its embryonic stage and star-up companies were being founded in the family garage [1]

Output: embryonic

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] throw into confusion; involve in strife; entangle. He became embroiled in the heated discussion when he tried to arbitrate the dispute [1]

Output: embroil

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] decorate with needlework; ornament wth fancy or fictitious details. For her mother's birthday, Beth embroidered a lovely design on a handkerchief. When asked what made her late getting home, Jo embroidered her account with tales of runaway horses and resculing peopel from a ditch. embroidery N [1]

Output: embroider

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] hug; adopt or espouse; accepty readitly; encircle; include. They embrace a kiss. [1]

Output: embrace

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] produce a deisgn in raised relief. The secretary of the corporation uses a special stamp to emboss the corporate seal on all official documents [1]

Output: emboss

gre vocabulary e3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the radiographic visualization of blood vessels following the introduction of contrast media [arteriogenesis]

Output: angiography

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the formation of blood vessels in the embryo [arteriogenesis]

Output: angiogenesis

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: having a copious blood supply [arteriogenesis]

Output: vascular

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: appearance of blood vessels into an area of previous ischemia [arteriogenesis]

Output: neovascularization

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: exerting an effect on the diameter of a blood vessel [arteriogenesis]

Output: vasoactive

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: decrease in the diameter of blood vessels [arteriogenesis]

Output: vasoconstriction

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: increase in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles, leading to an increased blood supply to an area [arteriogenesis]

Output: vasodilation

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: constriction of blood vessels [arteriogenesis]

Output: vasospasm

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: any disease of an artery [arteriogenesis]

Output: arteriopathy

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: inflammation of an artery [arteriogenesis]

Output: arteritis

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a frequently fatal disease of horses caused by equine arteritis virus, affects primarily smaller arteries, with resultant hemorrhagic enteritis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and pulmonary edema [arteriogenesis]

Output: equine viral arteritis

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel [arteriogenesis]

Output: vasculitis

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: hardening of a blood or lymph vessel [arteriogenesis]

Output: ateriosclerosis

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a condition in which yellow plaques, containing cholesterol and lipid materials are insinuated into the walls of arteries [arteriogenesis]

Output: atherosclerosis

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: death of the cells comprising an artery [arteriogenesis]

Output: arterionecrosis

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: surgical repair or re-construction of an artery [arteriogenesis]

Output: arterioplasty

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the science or study of the heart [arteriogenesis]

Output: cardiology

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a scientist who studies the heart and its functions [arteriogenesis]

Output: cardiologist

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a regular rhythm of heartbeats at rest, determined by auscultation or palpating a peripheral pulse [arteriogenesis]

Output: normal sinus rhythm

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an irregular but normal heart beat in an athletic animal that speeds up and slows down, often with inspiration and expiration respectively [arteriogenesis]

Output: normal sinus arrhythmia

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the connective tissue sac that houses the heart [arteriogenesis]

Output: pericardium

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the two low pressure chambers of the heart that receive venous blood supply and pump it to the ventricles [arteriogenesis]

Output: atria

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the two higher pressure chambers of the heart that are responsible for pumping blood to the lungs (right) and to the general circulation (left) [arteriogenesis]

Output: ventricles

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: pertaining to the heart and blood vessels [arteriogenesis]

Output: cardiovascular

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a recording of the electrical activity of the heart [arteriogenesis]

Output: electrocardiography

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: non-inflammatory disease of the heart muscle, there are several types. Etiologies can be species specific [arteriogenesis]

Output: cardiomyopathy

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an essential amino acid deficiency in cats linked to dilated cardiomyopathy [arteriogenesis]

Output: taurine deficiency

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a condition in which the heart is failing as a pump [arteriogenesis]

Output: congestive heart failure

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: absent blood supply to the cardiac muscle leading to cell death [arteriogenesis]

Output: myocardial infarction

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: inflammation of the cardiac muscle [arteriogenesis]

Output: myocarditis

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, including heart valves [arteriogenesis]

Output: endocarditis

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: abnormal enlargement of the heart, whether from hypertrophy or dilation [arteriogenesis]

Output: cardiomegaly

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: pertaining to heart and lungs [arteriogenesis]

Output: cardiopulmonary

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an agent with poisonous or deleterious effects on the heart (Japanese yew) [arteriogenesis]

Output: cardiotoxin

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: these terms literally refer to pus in the pericardial sac. One common etiology for this disease is so called "hardware disease" in cows [arteriogenesis]

Output: exudative pericarditis

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: acute compression of the heart caused by increased intrapericardial pressure due to collection of blood or fluid in the pericardium from rupture of the heart, penetrating trauma, or progressive diffusion [arteriogenesis]

Output: cardiac tamponade

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: large vessels that carry blood away from the heart [arteriogenesis]

Output: arteries

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: conduct blood towards the heart from the tissues [arteriogenesis]

Output: veins

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: carry nutrient rich, oxygenated blood from the arteries and arterioles to the body cells [arteriogenesis]

Output: capillaries

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: thinner than the arteries and carry the blood to the tiniest of the blood vessels, the capillaries [arteriogenesis]

Output: arterioles

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: two large veins, blood flows through on its way from tissue capillaries to the heart [arteriogenesis]

Output: venae cavae

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a vessel that divides in two: one branch leading to the left lung, the other to the right lung [arteriogenesis]

Output: pulmonary artery

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: only artery in the body that carries blood deficient in oxygen [arteriogenesis]

Output: What is unusual about pulmonary artery?

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: only veins in the body that carry oxygen rich blood [arteriogenesis]

Output: What is unusual about pulmonary veins?

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the circulation of blood through the vessels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart again [arteriogenesis]

Output: pulmonary circulation

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the single largest artery in the body, runs down the vertebral column, hearts pumps blood into [arteriogenesis]

Output: aorta

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: supply blood to head and neck [arteriogenesis]

Output: carotid arteries

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: two upper chambers of the heart [arteriogenesis]

Output: atria

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: two lower chambers of the heart [arteriogenesis]

Output: ventricles

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: drains blood from the upper portion of the body [arteriogenesis]

Output: cranial vena cava

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: carries blood from the lower part of the body [arteriogenesis]

Output: caudal vena cava

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cusps of valve form a one way passage designed to keep the blood flowing in only one direction [arteriogenesis]

Output: tricuspid valve

Veterinary Term-Cardiovascular System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -detect dim light [ipRGCs]

Output: What can rod cells do that cones cannot?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -participates in reflex orienting the head in response to visual or other stimuli -these projections might explain phenomenon of "blind sight" [ipRGCs]

Output: Axons from optic tract to superior colliculus

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -projections to suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus -probably act to train biological clock [ipRGCs]

Output: axons from optic tract to hypothalamus

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -at junction of midbrain and diencephalon -pretectal neurons project to edinger-westphal nucleus -participate in pupillary light reflex [ipRGCs]

Output: axons from optic tract to pretectal area

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -superior colliculus -caudate nucleus -horizontal and vertical gaze centers [ipRGCs]

Output: Where do the frontal eye fields project to?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Brodmann's area 8 in frontal lobe [ipRGCs]

Output: Where are the frontal eye fields located?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -from primary and association areas of visual cortex, supplementary eye feilds, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and auditory and somatosensory association areas [ipRGCs]

Output: Where do the frontal eye fields receive input from?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -target not on fovea of both eyes [ipRGCs]

Output: retinal disparity

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: target out of focus [ipRGCs]

Output: retinal blur

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: primary motor cortex [ipRGCs]

Output: What area of the brain are jacksonian seizures associated with?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -more complex movements than primary motor cortex -coordinated contractions over more than one joint -orientation of body for upcoming movement and initiation of movement especially movements related to external stimuli [ipRGCs]

Output: What are electrical stimulations of the premotor cortex associated with?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -supplementary motor area [ipRGCs]

Output: What area of the brain is associated with internally generated movements often involving both sides of the body?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -vocalization or complex postural movements -movements involving bilateral muscle groups [ipRGCs]

Output: Electrical stimulation of the supplementary motor area will produce what?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -triggers saccadic movement -participates in coordinating smooth pursuit movements [ipRGCs]

Output: How are the frontal eye fields involved in coordinating eye movements?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: corticospinal tract [ipRGCs]

Output: What tract has some fibers ending on dorsal gray matter and ventral and intermediate gray?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1)basal ganglia 2)motor cortex 3)somatosensory cortex [ipRGCs]

Output: 3 sources of input for the reticulospinal tract?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: pontine and medullary reticular formation [ipRGCs]

Output: Where does the reticulospinal tract originate in?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: reticulospinal tract [ipRGCs]

Output: What tract is responsible for complex reflexes (yawning, suckling orienting)

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the way the basal ganglia exerts motor control. -modifies which descending cerebral output to motoneurons [ipRGCs]

Output: indirect ascending pathway

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Input: -caudate [ipRGCs]

Output: What part of the basal ganglia controls saccadic eye movements?

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Input: -nigrostriatal dopaminergic tract [ipRGCs]

Output: Parkinsons is produced by the loss of which tract?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic tract reduces inhibitory output of the striatal neurons on GPi resulting in greater inibition of thalamus -less inhibitory sriatal output to GPe producing a disinhibition of the subthalamic nucleus and thereby inhibition of thalamic output [ipRGCs]

Output: describe problems in the basal ganglia associated with parkinson's disease

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Input: -treatment for parkinsons -precursor for DA synthesis -passes blood brain barrier -probably taken up by remaining dopaminergic neurons [ipRGCs]

Output: levodopa

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -used to be most effective -with loss of nigrostriatal neurons cholinergic interneuons in striatum become more actitive [ipRGCs]

Output: anticholinergics to treat parkinsons

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -treatment for parkinsons -lesion of GPi to decrease output [ipRGCs]

Output: pallidotomy

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -loss of striatal GABA-ergic neurons which project to GPe but later there is also a loss in cholinergic interneurons from the stiatum -loss of GABA-ergic = release of GPe from inhibitory influence -GPe inhibits output of subthalamus nucleus resulting in reduced stimulation of GPi which causes reduction in thalamic inhibition by GPi and increase in cortical output [ipRGCs]

Output: Describe huntington's disease

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Input: stria vascularis [ipRGCs]

Output: what secretes endolymph?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -chamber which oval window transmits vibrations -contains perilymph -separated from scala media by vesitbular membrane (reissner's membrane) [ipRGCs]

Output: Scala vestibuli

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Input: -contains sense organ for earing (organ of corti) -contains endolymph -basilar membrane supports organ of corti and separates scala media from scala tympani [ipRGCs]

Output: Scala media

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -continuous with the scala vestibuli via the heliotrema -contains perilymph -contains the round window [ipRGCs]

Output: Scala tympani

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: P cells [ipRGCs]

Output: Which has a high spatial resolution M or P?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: smooth pursuit [ipRGCs]

Output: What reflex is involved in matching target and eye velocity and keep object of interest on fovea?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: no [ipRGCs]

Output: Does saccadic eye movement require a target?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -can be voluntary or reflex -very accurate -vision is lost during saccade (velocity is about 700 degrees/sec. Identical to fast phase of nystagmus) -involvement of superior colliculus [ipRGCs]

Output: Saccades

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Input: -sensory and motor maps -maps are linked: a certain location in the s. colliculus = a point in space -projects to gaze centers -cerebellum controls gain [ipRGCs]

Output: Describe the involvement of the superior colliculus in saccades?

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Input: -correction of actual movement [ipRGCs]

Output: Function of interposed?

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Input: - equilibrium and control of eye movements (control the gain of saccades) -control of rapid, coordinated muscle movement -execute sequential movements -compare actual and intended movements and correction -posture -motor learning [ipRGCs]

Output: basic functions of the cerebellum

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Input: -cannot make adjustments of motor movements [ipRGCs]

Output: What happens if you damage your olive or flocculonodule node?

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -graded response- amplitude of receptor potential increased with increasing stimulus intensity over a wide range -decremental conduction [ipRGCs]

Output: Describe receptor potentials

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Input: -a specific type of receptor potential involving the depolarization of primary sensory endings produced by a stimulus. Leads to APs in the primary afferent fiber if depolarizations are large enough. [ipRGCs]

Output: generator potential

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Input: -AP in Ia produce monosynaptic excitation of alpha-motorneurons -reciprocal innervation -y-mototneurons maintain tension of intrafusal fibers and sensitivity of extrafusal -co-activation of alpha and gamma motoneurons [ipRGCs]

Output: Knee jerk reflex

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Input: -Golgi tendon organ receptor -reports MUSCLE TENSION -group Ib fibers inbibit A(alpha) and excite antagonistic muscle [ipRGCs]

Output: inverse stretch reflex

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: CNS (not on peripheral receptors) [ipRGCs]

Output: Does opiate induced analgesia has a direct actions on ______

neurophysiology part 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [deconditioned] proprioception

Output: the cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement

a state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability


Input: [deconditioned] proprioceptively enriched environment

Output: an unstable (but controllable) physical situation in which exercises are performed that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms

a state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability


Input: [deconditioned] muscular endurance

Output: a muscles ability to contract for an extended period of time

a state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability