Input: [1] myometritis [2]

Output: inflammation or infection of the myometrium.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pyometritis [2]

Output: infection of the myometrium that creates pus in the intrauterine cavity.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) [2]

Output: infection of the cervix that ascends to the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries; often caused by STD.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] retroflexion of the uterus/retroversion is another name [2]

Output: abnormal position In which the entire uterus is bent backward while the cervix is in a normal position. It is associated with the development of endometriosis.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] uterine fibroids [2]

Output: benign fibrous tissue tumor of the myometrium that can be small or large, and there are usually several.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Fibroid [2]

Output: resembling fiber

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] uterine prolapse [2]

Output: descent of the uterus from it’s normal position. This is caused by stretching of ligaments that support the uterus and weakness in the muscles of the floor of the pelvic cavity.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Amenorrhea [2]

Output: absence of monthly menstrual periods. It is caused by a hormone imbalance, thyroid disease, or a tumor of the uterus or ovary.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Dysmenorrheal [2]

Output: painful menstruation.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Menopause [2]

Output: normal cessation of menstrual periods, occurring around middle age.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Perimenopausal [2]

Output: time around menopause when menstrual periods first become irregular and menstrual flow is lighter.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Climacteric [2]

Output: another name for menopause

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Menorrhagia [2]

Output: a period with excessively heavy flow or a menstrual period that lasts longer than 7 days. It is caused by a hormone imbalance, uterine fibroids, or endometriosis.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Oligomenorrhea [2]

Output: period with very light flow or infrequent menstrual cycles in a woman who previously had normal periods.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] premenstrual syndrome –PMS [2]

Output: breast tenderness, fluid retention, bloating, and mild mood changes a few days before the onset of a period

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cervical cancer [2]

Output: cancerous tumor of the cervix.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Carcinoma [2]

Output: if the cancer is still localized. There is severe dysplasia of the cells as seen on a pap smear, later ulceration and bleeding

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cervical dysplasia [2]

Output: abnormal growth of squamous cells in the surface layer of the cervix, seen on an abnormal pap.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Dysplasia [2]

Output: condition of a painful, abnormal growth

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] incompetent cervix [2]

Output: spontaneous, premature dilation of the cervix during the second trimester of pregnancy; can result in spontaneous abortion.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Bacterial vaginosis [2]

Output: infection of the vagina due to Gardnerella vaginalis. There’s a white or grayish discharge that has a fishy odor. This Is not a STD.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Candidasis [2]

Output: yeast infection of the vagina due to Candida albicans. Vaginal itching and leucorrhea which is a cheesy, white discharge; can occur after taking antibiotic drug for bacterial infection; the drug kills the disease-causing bacteria but also kills the normal bacteria flora of the vagina. Then yeast, which isn’t affected by the antibiotic drug, multiplies and causes an infection.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cystocele [2]

Output: herniation of the bladder into the vagina because of a weakness in the vaginal wall. Caused by childbirth or age

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Dyspareunia [2]

Output: painful or difficult sexual intercourse

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Rectocele [2]

Output: herniation of the rectum into the vagina because of a weakness in the vaginal wall; caused by childbirth or age

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Breast Cancer [2]

Output: cancerous tumor, usually an adenocarcinoma of the lactiferous lobules of the breast. Can be swelling in the area, enlarged lymph nodes, and nipple discharge.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] adenocarcinoma [2]

Output: cancerous tumor or mass of a gland

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Failure of Lactation [2]

Output: lack of production of milk in the breasts following pregnancy.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] fibrocystic disease [2]

Output: benign condition in which numerous fibrous and fluid-filled cysts form in one or both breasts. The size of the cysts can change in response to hormone levels. They are painful and tender.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] galactorrrhea [2]

Output: discharge of milk from the breasts when the patient is not pregnant or breastfeeding.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] abnormal presentation [2]

Output: birth position in which the presenting part of the fetus is not the head.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Breech [2]

Output: presenting part is the buttocks, buttocks and feet, or just the feet.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Malpresentation [2]

Output: if the fetus is in a transverse lie; fetal vertebral column is perpendicular to the mother’s vertebral column; the shoulder or arm is the presenting part.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] abruption placentae [2]

Output: complete or partial separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor which results in uterine hemorrhage that threatens the life of the mother as well as disruption of blood flow and oxygen through the umbilical cord, which threatens the life of the fetus.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cephalopelvic disproportion [2]

Output: size of the fetal head exceeds the size of the opening in the mothers pelvic bones.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] dystocia [2]

Output: any type of difficult or abnormal labor and delivery.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ectopic pregnancy [2]

Output: implantation of a fertilized ovum somewhere other than in the uterus. It can occur in the cervix, ovary, or abdomen, by most commonly occurs in the uterine tube.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] tubal [2]

Output: pregnancy that occurs when a fertilized ovum implants in the uterine tube

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hemosalpinx [2]

Output: bleeding of the uterine tube; common with tubal pregnancies

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] gestational diabetes mellitus [2]

Output: temporary disorder of glucose metabolism that occurs only during pregnancy.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hydatidiform [2]

Output: abnormal union of an ovum and spermatozoon. It produces hundreds of small, fluid-filled sacs but no embryo. The chorion produces HCG so the patient has early signs of pregnancy, however the mole grows more rapidly than a normal pregnancy, and the uterus is much larger than expected for the gestational age

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mastitis [2]

Output: inflammation or infection of the breast

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] morning sickness [2]

Output: nausea & vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hyperemisis gravidarum [2]

Output: excessive vomiting that causes weakness, dehydration, and fluid and electrolyte imbalance.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Oligohydramnios [2]

Output: decreased volume of amniotic fluid. The fetus swallows amniotic fluid but does not excrete a similar volume in its urine because of a congenital abnormality of the fetal kidneys.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] placenta previa [2]

Output: incorrect position of the placenta with its edge partially or completely covering the cervical canal.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Polyhyramnios [2]

Output: increased volume of amniotic fluid caused by maternal diabetes mellitus, twin gestation, abnormalities in the fetus.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] postpartum hemorrhage [2]

Output: continual bleeding from the site where the placenta separated after delivery. The uterus is boggy and does not become firm. It is caused by hypo-secretion of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland in the brain.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] prolapsed cord [2]

Output: loop of umbilical cord becomes caught between the presenting part of the fetus and the birth canal. This occurs if the membranes rupture before the fetal head is fully engaged in the bother’s pelvis.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] spontaneous abortion [2]

Output: loss of a pregnancy. An early spontaneous abortion usually occurs because of a genetic abnormality or poor implantation of the embryo with the endometrium.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Biopsy [2]

Output: procedure to remove a small piece of tissue for examination to look for abnormal or cancerous cells

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Sterotactic [2]

Output: a biopsy that uses three different angles of mammography to precisely locate the mass.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Incisional [2]

Output: to cut the area over the mass to remove a large part, but not all, of the mass.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Excisional [2]

Output: entire mass is remove along with the surrounding margin of normal tissues

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cytology [2]

Output: the study of a cell

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Ectocervical [2]

Output: pertaining to outside the cervix

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Endocervical [2]

Output: pertaining to within the cervix

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Amniocentesis [2]

Output: test of the amniotic fluid

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hysterosalpingography [2]

Output: contrast dye is injected through the cervix into the uterus. It coats and outlines the uterus and uterine tubes and shows narrowing, scarring and blockage.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hysterosalpingogram [2]

Output: xray image of a hysterosalpingography

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mammography [2]

Output: x-rays to create an image of the breast. The breast is compressed and slightly flattened. This is used to detect areas that a breast examination can’t feel.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Ultrasonography [2]

Output: procedure that uses ultra high-frequency sound waves emitted by a transducer or probe to produce an image on a computer screen

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Sonogram [2]

Output: the ultrasound image is known as a sonogram

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Transvaginal [2]

Output: pertaining to through; inside the vagina

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Colposcopy [2]

Output: procedure that uses a magnifying lighted scope to visually examine the vagina and cervix.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cryosurgery [2]

Output: procedure to destroy small areas of abnormal tissue on the cervix.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cryoprobe [2]

Output: cold, rod like instrument used to touch the areas to freeze and destroy the abnormal tissues.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Nuliigravida [2]

Output: a woman who has never been pregnant and is not pregnant now.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Primigravida [2]

Output: a woman who is pregnant for the first time.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Multigravida [2]

Output: a woman who has been pregnant more than once

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Multiparous [2]

Output: a woman that has had many children is called this

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hysterectomy [2]

Output: procedure to remove the uterus

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Laparoscopy [2]

Output: procedure to visualize the abdominopelvic cavity, uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries for diagnosis, biopsy, or surgery.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Oophorectomy [2]

Output: procedure to remove an ovary because of large ovarian cysts or ovarian cancer.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Saplingectomy [2]

Output: procedure to remove the uterine tube because of ovarian cancer or an ectopic pregnancy in the tube.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Colporrhaphy [2]

Output: procedure to suture a weakness in the vaginal wall. This is done to correct a Cystocele or a rectocele.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Culdoscopy [2]

Output: procedure in which an endoscope is inserted into the vagina and then pushed through the posterior wall of the vagina and into the pelvic cavity.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Lumpectomy [2]

Output: procedure to excise a small malignant tumor of the breast. Adjacent normal breast tissue and the axillary lymph nodes are also removed in case any cancerous cells have already spread to them.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mammaplasty [2]

Output: procedure to change the size, shape, or position of the breast.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mastectomy [2]

Output: surgical resection of all or part of the breast to excise a malignant tumor.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Radical Mastectomy [2]

Output: pectoralis major and minor muscles of the chest wall are also removed

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] • Dissection [2]

Output: to cut apart

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Prophylactic [2]

Output: type of mastectomy that can be performed to prevent breast cancer from occurring in women who have a strong family history of breast cancer.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cerclage [2]

Output: procedure to place a purse-string suture around the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cesarean section [2]

Output: procedure to deliver a fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Episiotomy [2]

Output: surgical incision in the posterior edge of the vagina to prevent a spontaneous tear during delivery of the baby’s head.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tocolytic [2]

Output: drug to treat pre-mature contractions by relaxing the smooth muscle of the uterine wall.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Estrogen [2]

Output: drug to treat the symptoms and consequences of menopause caused by decreased levels of estradiol.

gynecology and obstetrics Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: News values have been formed by ____________, ____________, _____________, and _____________.

Output: tradition, technology, organizational policy, and by economics.

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: The common elements that characterize newsworthy stories are: _____________, ___________, _______________, ______________, and ______________.

Output: timeliness, proximity, prominence, consequence, and human interest

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: To be news, news must be fresh, immediate, and current. The digital revolution has put a premium on this.

Output: timeliness

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: The closer a news event is to your home, the more important you perceive it to be

Output: proximity

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: The more important a person is, the more valuable he or she is as a news source. Even infamous criminals have news value, hence the frequent media coverage of their past lives and recent exploits.

Output: prominence

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Events that affect a great many people have built-in news value.

Output: consequence

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Stories arousing some emotion in the audience. They may be uplifting, bizarre, ironic, or dramatic.

Output: human interest

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: _____________, in addition to the five traditional news values, also plays an important role in determining whether a story is reported.

Output: Economics

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Economic factors also determine _____________.

Output: coverage

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Name some economic factors that determine coverage.

Output: Cost of covering stories Fit within the organization’s look Conflicts of interest

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Audiences can go to ________________ covering broad topic areas (CNN.com, usatoday.com); _______________ offering a digest of news from other sources (Google, Yahoo); ____________ offering content with a tight focus (ESPN); or ________.

Output: general news sites news aggregators specialized news sites blogs

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Name 5 characteristics of blogs.

Output: • Blogs represent another source of news, free from economic, corporate, political, or advertising considerations. There are blogs devoted to all sorts of topics, and blogs offer alternative points of view to traditional media. • Blogs can have an agenda setting effect, and can help keep events in the news cycle. • Blogs can provide a check on traditional media and hold traditional media to higher levels of scrutiny. • Blogs provide an additional outlet for reporters to explain why they reported a story in the way they did. • Blogs have made it possible for everyone to become a reporter, and paved the way for citizen journalism.

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: _______________ to news coverage of stories of interest to a very small community.

Output: Hyperlocal news

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: The converged reporter has the skills of the ____________ and _______________.

Output: journalist and the video journalist

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: ______________ "do it all" journalists who carry a digital camera, laptop computer, and satellite phone. They produce stories for print, television, and online media.

Output: Backpack journalist

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Reporters who work out of their cars and cover local community news are called _____________, or ________.

Output: mobile journalists; mojos

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Jjournalists must learn the appropriate skills to take advantage of all the Internet can offer. These skills are generally referred to as __________________.

Output: computer-assisted reporting

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: News can be broken down into what three broad categories?

Output: (1) hard news, (2) features, or soft news, and (3) investigative reports.

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: __________ the realm of traditional fact-oriented journalism; it embodies the famous journalistic question set of _________________________.

Output: Hard news; who, what, where, when, why, and how

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Hard news generally embraces all but the ______________ values, with emphasis on the values of _____________ and _____________.

Output: human interest timeliness consequence

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: _________ usually deliver news in the traditional _____________ format, wherein the story is reported in a descending order of importance.

Output: The Print Media; inverted pyramid

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: The first sentence of a hard news story is the ______, a sentence that summarizes the who, what, where, when, why, and how of the story.

Output: lead

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: __________ follow a _________ in which the level of important facts remains the same throughout the story and often ends in a summary statement of the story’s relevance to the viewer.

Output: The Broadcast Media; square

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: (factual, no nonsense approach) or ______ (feature-like approach designed to grab the viewer’s interest).

Output: hard leads soft leads

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: ___________ don’t follow a single writing style.

Output: Online Media

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: In online media, . Generally the newspaper ____________format is followed, and photos, videos and links to related sites are integrated into the text.

Output: inverted pyramid

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Soft news, or __________, covers a wide range of topics.

Output: features

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Soft news usually relies heavily on the _______________.

Output: human interest news value

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: There are two main sources of print news: ___________ and ___________.

Output: staff reports and wire services.

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: There are two types of reporters: the _____________ who specializes in covering a topic such as fire and police departments, government, schools, and business; and the ______________ , who covers whatever assignments come up.

Output: beat reporter; general assignment reporter

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Typical responsibilities for a news program producer include (5):

Output: -deciding what stories are covered, by whom, and in what way -deciding the order in which stories appear in the newscast -determining the amount of time each story is given -writing copy for some stories -integrating live reports into the newscasts

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: AP stands for the _____________ wire service and UPI stands for _______________; they are our country’s two biggest news wire services and together provide you with most of the news about what’s going on outside of your local community.

Output: Associated Press; United Press International

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: What is the purpose of a wire service?

Output: To provide newspapers with correspondents and coverage that the papers couldn’t otherwise afford.

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Newspapers pay for wire service news on a ______________: the bigger the paper’s circulation, the more they pay.

Output: sliding scale

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: Despite their differences, editors and reporters in each media share the same basic values and journalistic principles (5):

Output: -honesty -accuracy -balance -objectivity -maintaining credibility

Ch.13 News Gathering and Reporting Flashcards - Cram.com

what stories merit coverage and to what degree.


Input: [Ethics] Applied ethics

Output: application of normative ethical theory to everyday life

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] moral uncertainty or moral conflict

Output: occurs when an individual is unsure which moral priniciples or values apply and may even inlcude uncertainty as to what the moral problem is.

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Moral distress

Output: is the result of the individual knowing the right thing to do but organizational constraints make it difficult to take the right course of action

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Moral outrage

Output: occurs when an individual witnesses the immoral act of another but feels powerless to stop it

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] moral or ethical dilemmas

Output: occurs when two or more unclear moral priniciples apply but they support inconsistent courses of action

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Ethical Frameworks

Output: guides individuals in solving ethical dilemmas

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] utilitarianism or consequentialist theory

Output: consists of judging wheather the consequences of an action are good or bad

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Deontological Ethical Theory

Output: judges whether the action is right or wrong regardless of the consequenses and is based on the philosophy of Emanuel Kant in the 18th centruy

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Duty-Based reasoning

Output: is an ethical framework stating that some decisions must be made because there is duty to do something or to refrain from doing something.

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Rights-Based reasoning

Output: is based on the belief that some things are a person's just due

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] intuitionist framework

Output: allows the decision maker to review each ethical problem or issue on case by case basis, comparing the relative weights of goals, duties, and rights

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Ethical Relativism

Output: is the belief that a specific culture's ethical principles cannot be generalized to individuals who do not share that culture

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Ethical Universalism

Output: ethical principles are universal and can be used to justify ethical decisions in all cultures

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] autonomy

Output: promotes seld-determination adn freedom of choice

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Beneficence

Output: actions are taken in an effort to promote good

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Nonmaleficence

Output: actions are taken in an effort to acoid harm

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Paternalism

Output: one individual assumes the right to make decisions for another

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Utility

Output: The good of the many outweights the wants or needs of the individual

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Justice

Output: Seek fairness; treat "equals" equally and treat "unequals" according to their differences

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Veracity

Output: Obligation to tell the truth

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Fidelity

Output: Need to keep promises

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Confidentiality

Output: Keep privileged infomation private

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] professional code of ethics

Output: is a set of prinicples, established by a profession, to guide the indiviudal practionor

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] The Scope and Standards for Nurse Administrators

Output: These standards are also used as the baseline for determing eligibility for magnet status for acute care hospitals

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] MORAL decision making

Output: This model is especially useful in clarifying wthical problems that result from conflicting obligations

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Aspirational ehtics

Output: directs the decision maker to what one aspires to be or what one desires the organization to be

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Ethics] Institutional Review Boards

Output: are primialy formed to protect the rights and welfare of reserch subjects

The systemic study of what a person's conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human, beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good and the study of what a person's life and relationships should be not necessarily what they are.


Input: [Gametogenesis] Cleavage

Output: the early cell divisions of embryos, in which little or no growth occurs between divisions; reduces the cell size and distributes gene-regulating substances to the newly formed cell

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Gastrulation

Output: the process whereby a blastula develops into a gastrula, including the formation of endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Organogenesis

Output: the process by which the layers of the gastrula(endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm) rearrange to form organs

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Larva

Output: an immature form of an animal that subsequently undergoes metamorphosis into its adult form; includes the caterpillars of moths and butterflies, the maggots of flies, and the tadpoles of frogs and toads

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Direct vs. Indirect Development

Output: Indirect- offspring undergo radical changes in body form between birth and sexual maturity • this is metamorphosis -Direct- at birth the offspring have the same body form as adults

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Adult

Output: Sexually mature and can produce gametes

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Regulation of Development

Output: localization of maternal molecules • uneven distribution of RNA and proteins -Cell signaling -Gene regulatory networks • collection of DNA segments within a cell that interacts with each other or within protein products of each other to regulate the rate the genes in the network are transcribed

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] The Human Life Cycle

Output: -Gametogenesis • in ovaries and testes -Fertilization • internal -Cleavage • within the uterine tube • proliferation of cells without growth • takes place within the fallopian tube • In humans it begins to separate two major different groups of cells o Inner cell mass- gives rise to the embryo proper • These are the embryonic stem cells o Outercell layer • Profoblast -Gastrulation -Organogenesis

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Facts About Drinking in Pregnancy

Output: -Readily crosses the placenta -Alcohol is toxic to the fetus- a teratogen -Preventable cause of intellectual disabilities -Can cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and other alcohol-related conditions -8 times more likely to have a baby die of SIDS if binge drinking during the first trimester or in 3 months prior to pregnancy occurs

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Output: a cluster of symptoms, including mental retardation and physical abnormalities, that occur in infants born to mothers who consume large amounts of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Allantois

Output: Stores waste

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Chorion

Output: Acts as a respiratory surface, provides for the exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Amnion

Output: Encloses the embryo in fluid

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Yolk sac

Output: Helps absorb nutrients from the mother,contains yolk as food

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Blastocyst

Output: an early stage of human embryonic development, consisting of a hallow ball of cells, enclosing a mass of cells attached to its inner surface, which becomes the embryo

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Blastula

Output: in animals, the embryonic stage attained at the end of cleavage, in which the embryo usually consists of a hallow ball with a wall that is one or several cell layers thick

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Blastopore

Output: the site at which a blastula indents to form a gastrula

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Ectoderm

Output: the outermost embryonic tissue layer, which gives rise to structures such as hairs, the epidermis of the skin, and the nervous system

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Endoderm

Output: the innermost embryonic tissue layer, which gives rise to structures such as the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Gastrula

Output: in animal development, a three-layered embryo with ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm cell layers. The endoderm layer usually encloses the primitive gut

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Mesoderm

Output: the middle embryonic tissue layer, lying between the endoderm and ectoderm, and normally the last to develop; gives rise to structures such as muscles, the skeleton, the circulator system, and the kidneys.

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Morula

Output: in animals, an embryonic stage during cleavage, when the embryo consists of a solid ball of cells

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] What are the units of heredity?

Output: • Genes and alleles from parents DNA • Genotype codes for phenotype o Morphology o Physiology o Behavior • Specific alleles come from parents

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] DNA Structure Reflects its Role as the Genetic Material

Output: • Eukaryotic DNA observed in cell nucleus and condensed chromosomes • DNA twice as abundant in diploid cells as haploid cells • DNA doubles during S phase of cell cycle • Shows same patterns of transmission as genetic information it carries

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] DNA in Chromosomes

Output: 1. DNA Double helix 2. DNA wound around histone proteins 3. Coiled DNA/histone beads 4. Loops attached to a protein scaffold; this stage of partial condensation typically occurs in a nondividing cell 5. Folded chromosome, fully condensed in a dividing cell

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] What is the structure of DNA

Output: DNA consists of four small subunits of nucleotides. Each nucleotides in DNA has three parts: a phosphate groups, a sugar deoxyribose, and one of four nitrogen-containing bases: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine.

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] DNA nucleotide

Output: a subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; a phosphate group bonded to a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), which is in turn bonded to a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine in DNA). Nucleotides are linked together, forming a strand of nucleic acid, by bonds between the phosphate and one nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] 3 Ways of getting DNA in Bacteria

Output: 1) conjugation 2) transduction- viruses can insert DNA 3) transformation

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] DNA Replication

Output: the copying of the double-stranded DNA molecule, producing two identical DNA double helices. DNA replication involved three major actions. First, the DNA double helix must be opened up so the base sequence can be read. Then, new DNA strands with base sequences complementary to the two original strands must be synthesized. In eukaryotic cells, these new DNA strands are synthesized in fairly short pieces. Therefore, the third step in DNA replication is to stick the pieces together to form a continuous new strand of DNA. Each step is carried out by a distinct set of enzymes

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Enzyme required for DNA replication

Output: DNA Helicase- an enzyme that helps unwind the DNA double helix during DNA replication DNA Polymerase- an enzyme that bonds DNA nucleotides together into a continuous strand, using a preexisting DNA strand as a template

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Semiconservative Replication

Output: - the process of replication of the DNA double helix the two DNA strands separate, and each is used as a template for the synthesis of a complementary DNA strand. Consequently, each daughter double helix consists of one parental strand and one new strand

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] How do mistakes happen during replication?

Output: Mutations Are rare Is actually a “proof reading” system that catches most errors (DNA repair enzymes) Specificity of hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs makes replication quite accurate DNA polymerase incorporates incorrect bases about 1/000 to 1/100,000 base pairs! BUT completed DNA strands contain only about one mistake in every 100 MILLION to 1 BILLION base pairs Ex. Humans – usually less than one per chromosome Can be neutral, beneficial or harmful

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Deletion Mutation

Output: A nucleotide pair is deleted

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Insertion Mutation

Output: A nucleotide is inserted

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Inversion Mutation

Output: A DNA segment is inverted

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Nucleotide Substitution

Output: A Nucleotide pair changes example from A-T to T-A

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Point Mutation

Output: A mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Translocation

Output: When DNA segments are switched

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] DNA Ligase

Output: an enzyme that bonds the terminal sugar in one DNA strand to the terminal phosphate in a second DNA strand, creating a single strand with a continuous sugar-phosphate backbone

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] One Gene- One Protein

Output: Most genes contain info to direct synthesis of a single protein • proteins form many cellular structures • enzymes that catalyze cell reactors -How does information flow from DNA to protein? • DNA → nucleus • Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes in cytoplasm

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Messenger RNA

Output: -carries DNA gene information to ribosomes -carries the information for the amino acid sequence of a proteins; groups of these bases (codons), specify the amino acids a strand of RNA, complementary to the DNA of a gene, that conveys the genetic information in DNA to the ribosomes to be used during protein synthesis; sequences of three bases (codons) in mRNA that specify particular amino acids to be incorporated into a protein

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Ribosomal RNA

Output: -carries out translation -2 subunits remain separate, only come together during protein synthesis, job is to close mRNA a type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Transfer RNA

Output: -20 enzymes in cytoplasm -1 for each amino acids -enzymes recognized the transfer RNA and use energy (ATP) to attach the correct amino acid a type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid, caries it to a ribosome, and positions it for incorporation into the growing protein chain during protein synthesis. A set of three bases in tRNA (the anticodon) is complementary to the set of three bases in mRNA (the codon) that codes for that specific amino acid in the genetic code

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Transcription

Output: the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template Transcribe- to make a written copy of something in the same language • Transcription of the gene produces an mRNA with a nucleotide sequence complementary to one of the DNA strands

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Transcription Initiation

Output: • RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA near the beginning of a gene, separating the double helix near the promoter • 3’ to 5’ • promoter is not transcribed

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Transcription Elongation

Output: • RNA polymerase travels along the DNA template strand, unwinding the DNA double helix and synthesizing RNA by catalyzing the addition of ribose nucleotides into an RNA molecule. The nucleotides in the RNA are complementary to the template strand of the DNA • 3’ to 5’

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Transcription Termination

Output: • At the end of the gene, RNA polymerase encounters a DNA sequence called a termination signal. RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA and releases the RNA molecule

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Conclusion of Transcription

Output: • After termination, the DNA completely rewinds into a double helix. The RNA molecule is free to move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation, the RNA polymerase may move to another gene and begin transcription once again

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Start Codon

Output: AUG

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Stop Codon

Output: UAA, UAG, UGA

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Messenger RNA Synthesis in Prokaryotes

Output: Prokaryotic genes are typically compact. All the nucleotides of a gene code for the amino kids in a protein. A prokaryotic cell commonly transcribe a single, very long mRNA from a series of adjacent genes. Because prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane separating their DNA from the cytoplasm, transcription and translation are usually not serrated, either in space or time. mRNA molecule begins to separate from the DNA during transcription, ribosomes immediately begin translating the mRNA into protein.

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Messenger RNA Synthesis in Eukaryotes

Output: A.Eukaryotic genes consists of eons, which code for the amino acid sequence of a protein, and introns, which do not. Transcription of a eukaryotic gene produces a very long RNA strand which starts before the first exon and ends after the last exon. More nucleotides are added at the beginning and end of this pre-RNA molecule, forming a "cap" and "tail". These nucleates help to move the finished mRNA through the nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm, to bind the mRNA to a ribosome, and to prevent cellular enzymes from breaking down the mRNA molecule. To convert this pre-mRNA molecule into the finished mRNA, enzymes in the nucleus cut the pre-mRNA apart at the junctions between introns and eons, splice together the preteen-coding eons, and discard the introns. The finished mRNA molecules then leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelop. In the cytoplasm the mRNA binds to ribosomes, which synthesize protein specified by the mRNA base sequence 1. Transcribing the gene into a long pre mRNA molecule 2. Adding additional RNA nucleotides to form the cap and tail 3. Cutting out the introns and splicing the eons together into the finished mRNA 4. Moving the finished mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm for translation

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Translation

Output: converting words from one language into another language • Translation of the mRNA produces a protein molecule with an amino acid sequence determined by the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Translation Initiation

Output: • 1. A tRNA with an attached methionine amino acid binds to a small ribosomal subunit, forming a preinitiation complex • 2. The preinitiation complex binds to an mRNA molecule. The methionine (met) tRNA anticodon (UAC) base-pairs with the start codon (AUG) of the mRNA • 3. The large ribosomal subunit binds to the small subunit. The methionine tRNA binds to the first tRNA site on the large subunit

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Translation Elongation

Output: • 4.The second codon of the mRNA (GUU) base-pairs with the anticodon (CAA) of the second tRNA carrying the amino acid valine (val). This tRNA binds to the second tRNA site on the large subunit • 5.The catalytic site on the large subunit catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond linking the amino acids methionine and valine. The two amino acids are now attached to the tRNA in the second binding site • 6. The “empty” tRNA is released and the ribosome moves down the mRNA, one codon to the right. The tRNA that is attached to the two amino acids is now in the first tRNA binding site and the second tRNA binding site is empty • 7. The third codon of mRNA (CAU) base-pairs with the anticodon (GUA) of a tRNA carrying the amino acid histidine (his). This tRNA enters the second tRNA binding site on the large subunit • 8. The catalytic site forms a peptide bond between valine and histidine, leaving the peptide attached to the tRNA in the second binding site. The tRNA in the first site leaves, and the ribosome moves one codon over on the mRNA

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Translation Termination

Output: • 9. This process repeats until a stop codon is reached; the mRNA and the completed peptide are released from the ribosome, and the subunits separate

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] What causes mistakes in DNA replication

Output: -Ultraviolet radiation-sunlight and tanning beds -Cigarette smoke- environmental smoke • causes mutations in a gene called RAS, it is associated with many human cancers • more than 30 % of lung cancer, 90 % of pancreatic cancer, 50% of colon cancers are due to mutations on the RAS gene

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] How Do Mutations Affect Protein Function? Inversion and Translocation

Output: -Can be benign (no problem) -This happens if entire genes including their promoters get broken apart and reattached -Not benign -Happens when a gene is split in two

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] How Do Mutations Affect Protein Function? Deletion and Insertion

Output: -3 nucleotides code for one amino acid so if you delete or add 3 nucleotides, it may not alter the protein function -if you delete or insert 1 or 2 nucleotides, that shift the rest of them which results in catastrophic effects because it changes the set of triples -frame shift mutations- when everything shifts by one

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] How do mutations affect protein function? Substitution

Output: -known as point mutation, one nucleotide replaces another nucleotide o 4 possible outcomes -1) protein can be unchanged  this can happen due to all of the redundancy in the code • UAU→ UAC, both are tyrosine -2) a new protein may be functionally equivalent to the old one  neutral mutations -3) protein function might be changed by altered amino acid sequence -4) protein function is destroyed by premature stop codon

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Why are mutations so important for evolution?

Output: -They are what give us genetic diversity -mutations are the raw material for evolution -Natural selections act of these -Human mutation rates • they range from 1/100,000 to 1/1,000,000 gametes • males produce 300-400 million sperm/per ejaculate o each ejaculate contains about 600 sperm with new mutations

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] How are genes regulated?

Output: -Human genome- 20,000 to 25,000 genes • in most of your cells • red blood cells do not because they do not have nuclei • not all genes are expressed (transcribed and translated) -Gene expression • some genes are expressed in all cells • others only expressed in very specific cells, or certain point in life, or under specific environmental conditions -Regulation of gene expression • can occur at transcription, translation or protein activity

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Output: There are 3 levels of gene regulation • regulating of individual genes o promoter regions- contain several different transcription factor binding sites o the presence or absence of these can regulate transcripters • regulation of regions of chromosomes o highly condensed • sometimes so tightly there is no access to RNA polymerase • Regulation of entire chromosome o Most of a chromosome ends up being really condensed and RNA polymerase cannot access it, prevents transcription

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Why do bruises turn colors?

Output: -purple→green→yellow -hit your arm • blood vessels break and release red blood cells, these red blood cells burse open and release their hemoglobin • hemoglobin contains a heme group, the heme group contains iron and this hemoglobin is blueish purple in its deoxygenated state • heme is not a good thing, it is toxic to the liver, kidneys, and brain • hemoxygenase converts heme to billiverdin (green) • a second enzyme comes along and converts billiverden to bilirubin (yellow) • the billibruin is no longer toxic and moves to liver and is excreted into bile

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Cystic Fibrosis

Output: CFTR • channel protein, found in sweat glands, lungs, intestines -Mutation in CFTR • prevents reabsorption of chloride and sodium (salt) • salt stays in sweat • cells that line your airways and lungs have the same CFTR protein • lungs are covered in a thin mucous layer o traps bacteria and debris -Defective CFTR protein • the mucus becomes very dehydrated and becomes thick (rather than thin), the airways become clogged and it is not very efficient in removing bacteria and debris o cannot clear bacteria and get a bad infection

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Codon

Output: a sequence of three bases of messenger RNA that specifies a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein; certain codons also signal the beginning or end of protein synthesis

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Exon

Output: a segment of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that codes for amino acids in a protein

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Intron

Output: a segment of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that does not code for amino acids in a protein

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] What is Evolution?

Output: -Evolution • Process by which modern organism descended with modification from pre-existing life forms • Changes in allele frequencies in a population (or species) over time -Process of evolution by natural selection • Natural selection is one mechanism that can result in evolution • Natural selection is differential reproduction and survivorship among individuals within a population

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Analogous Structure

Output: structures that have similar functions and superficially similar appearance but very different anatomies, such as the wings of insects and birds. The similarities are the result of similar environmental pressures rather than a common ancestry.

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Artificial Selection

Output: a selective breeding procedure in which only those individuals with particular traits are chosen as breeders; used mainly to enhance desirable traits in domesticated plants and animals; may also be used in evolutionary biology experiments

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Convergent Evolution

Output: the independent evolution of similar structures among unrelated organisms as a result of similar environmental pressures

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Homologous Structure

Output: structures that may differ in function but that have similar anatomy, presumably because the organisms that possess them have descended from common ancestors

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Natural Selection

Output: the unequal survival and reproduction of organisms with different phenotypes, caused by environmental forces. Natural selection refers specifically to cases in which the differing phenotypes are heritable; that is, they are caused at least partly by genetic differences, with the result that better adapted phenotypes become more common in the population

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Vestigial Structure

Output: a structure that serves no apparent purpose but is homologous to functional structures in related organism and provides evidence of evolution

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Generalist

Output: Eat a wide range of food

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Specialist

Output: Eat only one of a few food resources

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Darwins First Postulate

Output: Variation exists among individuals in a population in the traits they possess.

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Darwins Second Postulate

Output: The variation in traits among individuals is at least in part heritable. Traits can be passed from parents to their offspring, and so offspring resemble their parents in the traits they possess.

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Darwins Third Postulate

Output: Traits confer differences in survivorship and reproduction, a measure we call fitness: individuals with certain traits will have higher fitness, while those with other traits will have lower fitness.

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Darwins Fourth Postulate

Output: The fitness of individuals is not random; it is based on the traits they possess.

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Fruit Fly Tolerance

Output: ADH+: alcohol resistance ADH-: cannot process alcohol

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Ethogram

Output: Formal description of an animals common behaviors

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gametogenesis] Anthropomorphism

Output: Animal behaviors that we attribute to human motivations, characteristics, or emotions

Requires both Mitosis and Differentiation


Input: [Gas pressure] Temperature

Output: aveage kinetic energy

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reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] Normal boiling point

Output: boiling point of a liquid at a pressure

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reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] subimation

Output: change of a substance from a solid of a gas of vapor without passing through the liquid state

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reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] amorphous solid

Output: solid that lackan oldred internal sturutrance

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reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] triple point

Output: the only condictions at witch all three pleasea

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reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] allotrope

Output: two aor more diffirent moleculer forms of the same element in the same physical state

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reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] kinetic energy

Output: energy of motion

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reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] barometers

Output: an instrument used to meeasure used to measure atmapheric pressure

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reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] vacuum

Output: empty space . a volume with no mass

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reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] diamond

Output: give an example of an allotope

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reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] vaporization

Output: any phase change from liquid to gas

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] glasses

Output: give one example of an amorphous solid

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] evaporation

Output: ossurs when the liquid turns to a gas on the surface of the liquid only

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] unit cell

Output: is the smallest repealling in a crystall . it is the smallest group of crystall that retains the shape of the crystall

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] condensation

Output: aphase change from gas to liquid

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] vapor pressure

Output: the pressure caused by the vaporized particals of a liquid above the liquid in a sealed and measured at dynamic equilibrium

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] crystall

Output: a soild with a regular repeating pattern

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] gas

Output: a substance take the shape of its container but does not take the take the volume of the containar. the partical roll over each other. what phane is in?

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] liquid

Output: a substance takes both the shape and the volume of the container. particals are very far apart and independent of each other. what phane is in?

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] what conditon does any liquid boil?

Output: if vapor pressure and external pressure are same, liquid boils

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] list two diffirent ways that you can make a liquid boil?

Output: a add energy to liquid (heat) b change external pressure

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] state the 3 parts to the kineic theory of gases

Output: A gas is composed of particles, usually molecule or atom B the particle in a gas move rapidy in constant random motion C all collisions are perfectly elastic.

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: [Gas pressure] convert

Output: 1atm=101.3kPa=760mmHg=760torr

Chemistry newwwwww Flashcards - Cram.com

reault of simultance collision of gas with an object.


Input: documentation of an emts contact with a patient [Functions of a PCR]

Output: PCR

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: YES [Functions of a PCR]

Output: Does the documentation you provide become part of the patients permanent hospital record?

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -provides a baseline for other providers -gives an understanding of events and reasons for call [Functions of a PCR]

Output: continuity of medical care

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -is a legal document -may be called as a witness -documentation can be an essential part to your defense [Functions of a PCR]

Output: PCR legal

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -written-most traditional format, combines check boxes and write on lines for vitals along with other areas for writing a fuller narrative -computerized- a.)some have boxed sheets that are then scanned in computer b.) on others data is directly entered into a PDA or laptop. [Functions of a PCR]

Output: PCR formats

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: yes [Functions of a PCR]

Output: Can the emts computer be linked to diagnostic equipment, to electronic medical records, to CAD, systems handling fleet management, etc?

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: if it wasnt written down it didnt happen if it wasnt done dont write it down [Functions of a PCR]

Output: 2 basic rules for PCR

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: such general standardization will hopefully lead to a higher level of patient care across nation [Functions of a PCR]

Output: why does DOT make an effort to standardize care?

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: patient info- cheif complaint, loc, bp, skin perfusion, skin color, temperature and condition, pulse rate, resp rate and effort, patient deomgraphics. admin info-time incident reported, time unit was notified, time of arrival at patient, time the unit left the scene, time unit arrive at destination (hospital) time of transfer of care [Functions of a PCR]

Output: minimum data set

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ideally atleast two complete sets of vitals should be taken and recorded, also important to note the patients position when taking the vitals. Also critical to record the time which vitals taken. [Functions of a PCR]

Output: How many sets of vital signs shall be taken and recorded?

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -brief but thorough picture of the patient for other medical personnel to use -chief complaint, sample, objective data, subjective data, and pertinent negatives. [Functions of a PCR]

Output: PCR narrative section

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: chronological order of treatments given, the time they were administered and the patients response to treatment [Functions of a PCR]

Output: treatment section of pcr

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -inform patient of why they should go to hospital and consequences of not going -always make an effort to persuade patient to go before leaving -discuss situation with medical control, doctor may convince patient or give guidelines for emt for a refusal -document assesment findings you have done also document patient is alert and a&o x 4 -explain that you can always come back [Functions of a PCR]

Output: refusal of treatment highlights

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: suspension, or revocation of emt certification or license, and may lead to criminal charges [Functions of a PCR]

Output: false information may lead to?

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: - -obtain signature from medical professional who is assuming care (if able to) -leave a copy of report at facility -a cope of transfer of care report shall be submitted with full pcr [Functions of a PCR]

Output: transfer of care report

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the needs of patients conflict with the needs of complete documentation -often just a triage tag used for pcr later [Functions of a PCR]

Output: mci patients and documentation

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: abuse of child or elderly -possible exposure to disease -injury to ems member -other sits where emt deems neccessary [Functions of a PCR]

Output: special report sitautions

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: alternative method for documentation S-subjective O-objective A-assessment P-plan [Functions of a PCR]

Output: SOAP

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: C-chief complaint H-history A-asessment R-rx T-transport [Functions of a PCR]

Output: CHART

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: C-chief complaint H-history E-exam A-assessment T-treatment E-evaluated D-disposition [Functions of a PCR]

Output: CHEATED

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the easiest way that will not cause injury or pain to your patient or yourself [Functions of a PCR]

Output: Best way to move a patient?

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: safest and most efficient methods of using your body to gain a mechanical advantage [Functions of a PCR]

Output: Body mechanics

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -keep weight of object as close to body as possible -to move a heavy object use legs, hip, and buttocks muscles plus contracted abdominal muscles -stack-visulaize shoulders tacked on top of hips, hips stacked on top of feet, move them as unit -reduce height or distance object must be moved [Functions of a PCR]

Output: 4 basic principles

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: stomach is too anterior and buttocks to posterior [Functions of a PCR]

Output: lordosis

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the shoulders are rolled forward, which results of fatigue of lower back and increases pressure on every region of spine [Functions of a PCR]

Output: kyphosis

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: always try to use an even number of rescuers -two rescuers should carry a heavy load for 1 minute or less -never lift and twist simultaneously [Functions of a PCR]

Output: general guidelines for lifting and moving

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: feet are apart,knees bent, back and abdominal muscles tightened, back as straight as possible, lifting force driven through heels and arches -a useful technique for rescuers with weak knees and thighs [Functions of a PCR]

Output: powerlift

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: recommended gripping technique, the alms and fingers come in complete contact with the object and all fingers are bent at same angle [Functions of a PCR]

Output: powergrip

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: use if you have one weak leg or ankle, or both knees and legs are strong and healthy -place weaker leg slightly forward, and push yourself upper with your stronger leg [Functions of a PCR]

Output: squat lift

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: keep your back locked, and avoid leaning to opposite side too much [Functions of a PCR]

Output: one handed carry

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 15 to 20 inches, no more than 20 [Functions of a PCR]

Output: when it is necessary to reach how far should reach for something?

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: whenever possible push rather than pull, keep push area between waist and shoulders [Functions of a PCR]

Output: pushing

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: avoid when possible, keep load between shoulders and hips [Functions of a PCR]

Output: pulling

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: immediate danger to patient or rescuer (fire, expolsives, hazmat, inability to protect patient from hazards at scene, inability to gain access to patients who need care, inability to provide lifesaving care because of the patients location or position. types-shirt drag, blanket drag, armpit forearm drag [Functions of a PCR]

Output: emergency move

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: patient is suffering immediate threat to life type rapid extrication (loc, inadequate resp, indications of shock, major bleeding, fracture of both femurs [Functions of a PCR]

Output: urgent moves

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: no immediate threat to life, choose best equipment and positioning for moving patient safely. -direct ground lift, extremity lift, direct carry method, draw sheet method [Functions of a PCR]

Output: nonurgent moves

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -device most commonly used -rescuer at head pushes and rescuer at feet guides -two types lift in and roll in, roll in type has specialized wheel at head to simplify loading, it significantly reduces amount of twisting and lifting required -never leave patient unattended disadvantage-difficult to maneuver on uneven terrain [Functions of a PCR]

Output: wheeled stretcher

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: up to 1600 lbs -larger wheels, wider cot, heavily constructed frames [Functions of a PCR]

Output: bariatric stretcher

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -particularly useful when the patient must be removed from a confined or too narrow space that wheeled stretcher won fit into. -should not be used when spinal immobilization is needed unless used with a long backboard -care must be taken when putting patient on rock ground -three types-basic model, the breakaway, basic with folding wheels and posts - [Functions of a PCR]

Output: portable stretcher

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -usefull when a wheeled stretcher cannott navigate down narrow corridors and doorways, small elevators, and stairways. -dont use for altered loc, suspected spinal injury, or injury to lower extremities [Functions of a PCR]

Output: stair chair

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -protects patient from rocky ground and acts as spinal immobilizer -if use a short backboard such as a ked then put them on a long backboard after (short backboards good for immobilize patients that are sitting) [Functions of a PCR]

Output: backboards

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -up to 300 lbs, made to be assembled and disassembled around patient, used in confined areas where other conventional stretchers will not fit. -also good of for pelvic or bilateral femural fractures -2 or more rescuers required -note for spinal injuries [Functions of a PCR]

Output: scoop stretcher

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -commonly called stokes basket -will accommodate a scooped stretcher or ohio backboard -allows you to completely immobilize a patient who is already in backboard for rough terrain [Functions of a PCR]

Output: basket strecther

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -special transfer device made of canvas or synthetic materials -especially usefull for narrow and restricted hallways found in mobile homes [Functions of a PCR]

Output: flexible stretcher

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -on left side to prevent supine hypotensive -if there is excess vaginal bleeding place in supine position, if suspect prolapsed cord place woman on back and elevate hips [Functions of a PCR]

Output: position put pregnant women in?

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: put in left lateral recumbent [Functions of a PCR]

Output: unresponsive patient with no head, neck or, spinal trauma

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: placed in postion of comfort usually sitting up [Functions of a PCR]

Output: patient with chest pain or breathing difficulties

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: in sitting or recovery position [Functions of a PCR]

Output: alert patient who is nauseated placed?

prehospital emergency care ch 4 and 6 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Left Atrium] Right Atrium

Output: Recieves deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Auricle

Output: Expandable extension of the atrium.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Fossa Ovalis

Output: Where the foramen ovale was in embryonic development. In the interatrial septum.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Pectinate Muscles

Output: Muscular ridges that extend along the inner surface of the right auricle.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Interatrial Septum

Output: Separates left and right atrium.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Sinoatrial Node

Output: (Cardiac pacemaker) In the posterior wall of right atrium, near the end of superior vena cava.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Coronary Sulcus

Output: Marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Left Ventricle

Output: Recieves oxygenated blood from the left atrium.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Right Ventricle

Output: Recieves deoxygenated blood from the right atrium.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Conus Atreriosus

Output: In the right ventricle, leads to the pulmonary semilunar valve.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Papillary Muscles

Output: Muscular projections on ventricular surface.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Interventricular Septum

Output: Separates left and right ventricles.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Trabeculae Carnae

Output: Irregular folds on inner surface of right ventricle.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Bicuspid Valve

Output: (Mitral Valve) Separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Tricuspid Valve

Output: Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Chordae Tendinae

Output: Bundles of collagen fibers that are attached to the cuspid valves.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Aortic Semilunar Valve

Output: Separates the left ventricle from the aorta.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Output: Separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Endocardium

Output: Inner surface of the heart, including the valves. Made of simple squamous epithelium.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Myocardium

Output: Multiple interlocking layers of cardiac muscle tissue, with blood vessels and nerves.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Pericardium

Output: Lines the pericardial cavity.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Pulmonary Trunk

Output: Recieves deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Ligamentum Arteriosum

Output: Ligament that attaches the aortic arch to the pulmonary trunk.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Pulmonary Atreries

Output: Takes deoxygenated blood from the plumonary trunk to the lungs to become oxygenized.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Pulmonary Veins

Output: Takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Left Coronary Artery

Output: Supplies blood to most of left ventricle, part of right ventricle, most of left atrium and 2/3 of interventricular septum.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Anterior Interventricular Artery

Output: Runs along the anterior surface within the anterior interventricular sulcus.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Circumflex Branch

Output: Curves to the left within the coronary sulcus.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Right Coronary Artery

Output: Branches off the ascending aorta and passes between the auricle and the pulmonary trunk.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Marginal Branch

Output: Branches of the right coronary artery.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Posterior Interventricular Branch

Output: Runs toward the apex within the posterior interventricular sulcus.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Anterior Cardiac Vein

Output: Drains the anterior surface of the right ventricle and empty directly into the right atrium.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Coronary Sinus

Output: Lies in the posterior portion of the coronary sulcus.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Great Cardiac Vein & Middle Cardiac Vein

Output: Collect blood from smaller veins and deliver it to the coronary sinus.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Small Cardiac Vein

Output: Receives blood from the posterior surfaces of the right atrium and ventricle.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Ascending Aorta (Artery)

Output: Begins at the aortic valve of the left ventricle and carries blood towards the head.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Aortic Arch (Artery)

Output: Connects the ascending aorta with the descending aorta.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Brachiocephalic (Artery)

Output: Helps deliver blood to the head, neck, shoulders and upper limbs.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Abdominal Aorta (Artery)

Output: Delivers blood to all abdominopelvic organs and structures.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Celiac Trunk (Artery)

Output: Delivers blood to the liver, stomach, esophagus, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas and spleen. Divides into 3 branches.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Common Iliac (Artery)

Output: Carries blood to the pelvis and lower limbs.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Inferior Mesenteric (Artery)

Output: Delivers blood to the terminal portions of the colon and the rectum.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Superior Mesenteric (Artery)

Output: Carries blood to the pancreas, duodenum, small intestine and most of the large intestine.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Renal (Artery)

Output: Supply blood to the kidneys and suprarenal glands.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Gonadal (Artery)

Output: Originate between superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, supply blood to the testes and scrotum in men, or to the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus in women.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Femoral (Artery)

Output: Delivers blood to the ventral and lateral regions of the skin and deep muscles of the thigh.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Popliteal (Artery)

Output: Formed from the femoral artery. Supplies blood to the knee and lower leg.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] External Iliac (Artery)

Output: Supplies blood to the lower limbs.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Internal Iliac (Artery)

Output: Enters the pelvic cavity and supplies blood to the urinary bladder, internal & external walls of pelvis, external genitalia and medial side of the thigh.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Common Carotid (Artery)

Output: Supplies blood to the head. Can be felt on either side of the windpipe.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Descending Aorta (Artery)

Output: Delivers blood to lower portion of the body.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] External Carotid (Artery)

Output: Supplies blood to the structures of the neck, pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lower jaw and face.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Internal Carotid (Artery)

Output: Delivers blood to the brain.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Pulmonary Trunk (Artery)

Output: Delivers blood to the pulmonary veins, where it goes to the lungs to become oxygenized.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Pulmonary Arteries

Output: Carry blood from the lungs to the left artium.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Subclavian (Artery)

Output: Deliver blood to the head, neck, shoulders and upper limbs.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Vertebral (Artery)

Output: Provides blood to the brain and spinal cord.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Axillary (Artery)

Output: Supplies blood to the muscles of the pectoral region and axilla.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Brachial (Artery)

Output: Supplies blood to the upper limb.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Radial (Artery)

Output: Supplies blood to the forearm.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Ulnar (Artery)

Output: Supplies blood to the forearm.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Common Iliac (Vein)

Output: Drains blood from pelvis.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Superior Vena Cava (Vein)

Output: Receives blood from the tissues and organs of the head, neck, chest, shoulders and upper limbs.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Internal Jugular Vein

Output: Descends parallel to common carotid. Drains blood from the head.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Vertebral (Vein)

Output: Drains blood from the cervical spinal cord and posterior surface of the skull.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] External Jugular Vein

Output: Drains blood from temporal and maxillary veins.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.


Input: [Left Atrium] Axillary (Vein)

Output: Formed from basilic vein, Drains blood from upper arm and pectoral region.

Circulatory System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.