Input: Sodium hydroxide. Do not apply sodium hydroxide to hair that has been permed with ammonium thioglycolate or to hair that is going to be permed with ammonium thioglycolate.

Output: What product should NOT be applied to hair that has been previously permed with ammonium thioglycolate? neutralizer conditioner metallic salts sodium hydroxide

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

A sodium hydroxide relaxer service should not be performed on which of the following hair conditions? hair that is short fine textured hair extremely curly hair hair that has been bleached


Input: The less resistant it is to the absorbing perm solution. The more porous hair is, the less resistant it is to absorbing perm solution.

Output: The more porous hair is: the more elastic it is the more coarse it is the less resistant it is to absorbing perm solution the more resistant it is to absorbing perm solution

Chapter Twelve: Texture. Flashcards - Cram.com

A sodium hydroxide relaxer service should not be performed on which of the following hair conditions? hair that is short fine textured hair extremely curly hair hair that has been bleached


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Definition of Authentication

Output: All real or documentary evidence must be authenticated as genuine and that it is what it purports to be.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Definition of Best Evidence Rule

Output: When proving the contents of a writing, the original must be produced if the terms are material.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] 4 Step Approach to Answering Evidence Problems

Output: 1) Is the evidence relevant? 2) Is there a proper foundation? - Has competency been established? - Has the authenticity of the evidence been established? - Has the reliability of the scientific test been established? 3) Is the evidence in the proper form? - questions phrased properly? - answers w/in requirements for lay/expert opinion? - comply with BE Rule? 4) Is evidence subject to exclusionary rule? -403 -hearsay -policy based -privilege -parol evidence

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Definition of Hearsay

Output: An out of court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. A statement that is otherwise hearsay is admissible to prove notice or knowledge on the part of the listener.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Three examples of out of court statements that are not in need of cross examination, and are thus not hearsay?

Output: 1) Legally operative facts or verbal acts (words of contract, gift, or defamatory words) 2) Statements offered to show their effect on the hearer or reader (to prove negligence in negligence cases) 3) Statements offered as circumstantial evidence of declarant's state of mind (evidence of insanity or notice)

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Define Witness Competence

Output: A witness is competent to testify if he has personal knowledge of the subject matter and he declares he will testify truthfully.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Define Physician-Patient Privilege in Nevada

Output: In Nevada, confidential communications between a physician and a patient are privileged. However, the privilege is not applicable where the plaintiff puts his physical condition in issue.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Define Present Physical Condition

Output: Statements of present physical condition made to a physician are admissible if made to assist in diagnosing or treating the condition.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Expert Witness Three Requirements

Output: 1) Expert must be qualified 2) Testimony must be helpful to the jury 3) The opinion must be based on a reasonable degree of certainty

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Define Attorney Client Privilege

Output: Confidential communications between an attorney and a client, made during professional consultation are privileged from disclosure. In Nevada, a communication is "confidential" if it is not intended to be disclosed to a third person. An unknown eavesdropper does not destroy privilege and cannot testify.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Character evidence in criminal cases. Offered by P? Offered by D?

Output: If offered by P = inadmissible If offered by D = admissible w/requirements

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What are the requirements for D offering character evidence at a criminal trial?

Output: Can be done by calling another witness who testifies as to Reputation or Opinion. P can then rebut by calling another W with R or O - can ask about specific acts "are you aware of..."

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Hearsay exceptions that require unavailability?

Output: 1) Former testimony 2) Family history 3) Dying declaration 4) Declaration against interest DD DIP THis

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Major Hearsay Exceptions? (11)

Output: 1)Business Records 2)Dec. Against Int. 3)Ancient Doc. 4)Medical Diagn./Trtmnt. 5)Prior Testimony 6)Excited Utterance 7)Dying Decl. 8)Present Sense Impression 9)Recorded Recollection 10)Public Record 11)Present physical or mental state

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Evidence Exclusions that are technically hearsay but excluded?

Output: 1) Admission by party opponent 2) Prior statements made by presently testifying witness (who can be crossed) 3) Prior consistent statements (to rehabilitate) 4) Prior identification (line-up)

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Hearsay exclusions that are not hearsay at all?

Output: 1) Verbal acts (gift,control,defamation) 2) Statements that show the effect on the listener 3) Circumstantial evidence of speaker's state of mind 4) Prior inconsistent statements used to impeach or rehabilitate

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What's Nevada law concerning legal relevance (403)?

Output: Court MUST exclude evidence whose probative value is substantially outweighed by unfair prejudice.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] 4 relevant evidence that is excluded for policy reasons?

Output: 1) Liability insurance 2) Subsequent remedial measures 3) Settlement offers - including during negotiations 4) Payments or offers to pay medical expenses

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] 4 Questions to ask about character evidence:

Output: 1) Purpose? - to prove character b/c character in issue? -to prove character as circumstantial evidence of a person's conduct on the occasion in question? -to impeach or support credibility? 2) What method is being used? 3)Civil or Criminal case? 4)Does evidence prove a pertinent character trait?

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] When is character evidence admissible in a civil case?

Output: When character itself is in issue (defamation, negligent entrustment). Inadmissible if offered to prove that either party acted in conformity with that trait.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] When is character evidence admissible in both civil and criminal cases?

Output: Under MIMIC: - Mistake - Intent - Motive - Identity - Common plan or scheme

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] When can prior bad acts be used?

Output: 1) ON cross 2) No extrinsic evidence is allowed (you're stuck with the answer you get)

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] How is reputation for untruthfulness brought in?

Output: ONLY by calling another witness.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Is a claim necessary to disallow the admission of offers to pay medical expenses?

Output: NO. Claims or threatened claims are necessary to preclude settlements or settlement offers. Admissions with SO are not admissible. Admissions with offers to pay medical bills are.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What is one of the main limits of the Confidential Marital Communication privilege?

Output: It is inapplicable if the confidential communication is made to aid the commission or planning of a crime of fraud.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What is the scope of the client-physician privilege?

Output: It must relate to medical treatment.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What is the requirement for expert testimony's basis for opinion?

Output: Must base opinion on facts or data which are of a type reasonably relied upon by experts in the particular field.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] When are inconsistent statements considered non-hearsay (and thus admissible for impeachment and substantively)?

Output: 1) Declarant testifies at trial and is subject to cross concerning the PIS -AND- 2) The prior statement was given under oath at a hearing, trial or deposition.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] When is it permissible to use prior consistent statements?

Output: To rehabilitate and counter the effect of impeachment in the preceding question. It may be offered to rebut an express of implied charge of recent fabrication or improper influence or motive.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What to watch out for on offers to pay medical bills questions?

Output: Make sure that it's not a settlement agreement. Like: "Betty offered to pay for all of Sammy's medical expenses and give him $5,000 if he would AGREE NOT TO SUE HER."

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] For what purpose(s) can a learned treatise be used on cross examination against an expert witness?

Output: To impeach and substantively.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What may a prior inconsistent statement, made under oath at a prior proceeding, be used for?

Output: To impeach and substantively. IF PIS was not under oath, only can be used to impeach.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What is the difference between the use of an offer to plead guilty and an actual guilty plea?

Output: Offer to plead guilty is a settlement offer an is inadmissible for policy reasons. An actual guilty plea is a hearsay exception and can be offered to prove any fact essential to the judgment.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] When can a statement of warning by a 3rd-party be used?

Output: It can always be used. It is not hearsay because it gives knowledge to D of danger.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What communications made between spouses are protected? When does the privilege end?

Output: A confidential communication made between spouses while they were married is protected. Either spouse has a privilege to refuse to disclose and prevent the other spouse from disclosing. Divorce will not terminate the privilege.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Extrinsic evidence cannot be offered to impeach a witness on cross examination on a collateral matter. When can it be used?

Output: ON cross when the issue is materiality: 1) the testimony as a whole shows bias, defects in perception or memory, or untrustworthy character, or 2) testimony about an outcome affecting fact as by showing a material inconsistent statement.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What is one of the general requirements for admissibility of real evidence?

Output: It must be authenticated--it must be identified as being what its proponent claims it is. If the evidence is of a type that is likely to be confused or can be easily tampered with, the proponent of the object must present evidence of chain of custody. There must be shown some adherence to a system of identification and custody.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] May a judge call witnesses upon her own initiative and interrogate any witness who testifies?

Output: Yes. Judge has total discretion as long as no partisanship for a particular side is shown.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Can a guilty plea in a criminal case be considered an admission by a party opponent?

Output: Yes. As long as the guilty plea is conclusive in the civil suit that follows and is relevant to increase the likelihood that D was at fault.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] Can a report made by a business in anticipation of litigation be considered a business record?

Output: No. It must occur during the normal course of business where there would be no motive to lie.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What is the spousal immunity privilege?

Output: A person whose spouse is dhe defendant in a a criminal case may not be called as a witness by the prosecution, and a married person may not be compelled to testify against her spouse in any criminal proceeding. In federal court, one spouse may choose to testify against the other in a criminal case, with or without the consent of the party-spouse. Spousal immunity lasts only during the marriage and terminates upon divorce. As long as the marriage exists, the privilege can be asserted even as to matters that occurred prior to the marriage.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Definition of Relevance] What is the for confidential marital communications?

Output: Either spouse may refuse to disclose and may prevent another from disclosing a confidential communication made between the spouses while they were married. The communication must be made during a marriage, and must be in reliance upon the intimacy of the marriage relationship, which is presumed. This privilege is not afforded to a communication that is made in the know presence of a stranger. Both spouses jointly hold this privilege.

Evidence MBE / Nevada Flashcards - Cram.com

To be admitted, all evidence must be relevant. Evidence is relevant if it tends to prove or disprove a material fact.


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Cutaneous Maximus [Extends the forearm]

Output: To twitch the skin, as in avoiding irritants.

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Platysma [Extends the forearm]

Output: Moves skin around the neck and face

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Sternomastoid [Extends the forearm]

Output: Flexes neck and rotates head

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Pectoralis major [Extends the forearm]

Output: Extends the arm

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Triceps Brachii [Extends the forearm]

Output: Extends the elbow

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Latissimus Dorsi [Extends the forearm]

Output: Rotates the shoulder

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Masseter [Extends the forearm]

Output: Closes the jaw

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Cleidomastoid [Extends the forearm]

Output: Rotates the head

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Clavobrachialis [Extends the forearm]

Output: Draws the humerus (shoulder) cranially (towards the head/up)

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Clavotrapezius [Extends the forearm]

Output: Pulls the arm cranially

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Spinodeltoid [Extends the forearm]

Output: Elevates and rotates the humerus

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Long head of the triceps [Extends the forearm]

Output: Extends the forearm

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Acromiotrapezius [Extends the forearm]

Output: Draws scapula dorsally (back/spine side) and medially (inward)

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Spinotrapezius [Extends the forearm]

Output: Draws scapula dorsally (back/spine side)

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Levator scapulae ventralis [Extends the forearm]

Output: Draws scapula crainially

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Biceps brachii [Extends the forearm]

Output: Flexes forearm

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] External oblique (fibers can run at different angles) [Extends the forearm]

Output: Compresses the abdomen

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Pectoralis minor [Extends the forearm]

Output: Adducts (toward medial(inward) line) and rotates the forelimb

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Rectus (fibers run parallel to each other) abdominis [Extends the forearm]

Output: Flexes the trunk

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] External intercostal [Extends the forearm]

Output: Draws the ribs cranially

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Biceps femoris [Extends the forearm]

Output: Flexes the leg

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Gluteus maximus [Extends the forearm]

Output: Abducts (away from medial line) thigh

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Sartorius [Extends the forearm]

Output: Adducts (toward medial line) and rotates the thigh

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Semitendinosus [Extends the forearm]

Output: Bend the knee

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Gracilis [Extends the forearm]

Output: Adducts (toward medial line) thigh

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Adductor femoris [Extends the forearm]

Output: Adducts (toward the medial line) the hip

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Vastus medialis [Extends the forearm]

Output: Extends lower leg

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Gastrochemius [Extends the forearm]

Output: Extends foot

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Soleus [Extends the forearm]

Output: Extends the foot

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Tibialis anterior [Extends the forearm]

Output: Stabilize the ankle

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Semimembranosus [Extends the forearm]

Output: Flexes the lower leg

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Superior [Extends the forearm]

Output: Above

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Inferior [Extends the forearm]

Output: Below

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Anterior [Extends the forearm]

Output: Front

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Posterior [Extends the forearm]

Output: Back

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Medial [Extends the forearm]

Output: Inward

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Laterally [Extends the forearm]

Output: Outward

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Axial [Extends the forearm]

Output: Head/neck/trunk

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Appendicular [Extends the forearm]

Output: Arms/legs

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Ventral [Extends the forearm]

Output: Belly side

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Dorsal [Extends the forearm]

Output: Back/spine side

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Sphincter [Extends the forearm]

Output: Closed

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Dilator [Extends the forearm]

Output: Opened

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Proximal [Extends the forearm]

Output: Closer to main joint

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Distal [Extends the forearm]

Output: Further from main joint

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Extensor [Extends the forearm]

Output: Straightens joint

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Flexor [Extends the forearm]

Output: Bends joint

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Adductor [Extends the forearm]

Output: Toward medial line

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Abductor [Extends the forearm]

Output: Away from medial line

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Pronator [Extends the forearm]

Output: Turn the dorsal surface anteriorly

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Supinator [Extends the forearm]

Output: Turn the ventral side anteriorly

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Levitator [Extends the forearm]

Output: Raise up

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Long head of the triceps] Depressor [Extends the forearm]

Output: Lower

Muscle Anatomy of a cat Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] set point [2]

Output: a desired value -negative feedback works to get body back to the set point when there are deviations from homeostasis


Input: [1] set zone [2]

Output: for most systems, there is really a set zone that the system can be in without some tolerance, the system would be going on and off very frequently.


Input: [1] obligatory losses [2]

Output: urination, heating the body, etc. we have to always make up for these


Input: [1] ectotherms [2]

Output: regulate their body temperature through behavioral means ex_ moving to favoralbe sites or chaning their exposure to external sources of heat.


Input: [1] endotherms [2]

Output: primarily regulate body temperature by making internal adjustments regulate their body temp chiefly by internal metabolic processes -generate heat through metabolism.


Input: [1] advantages and disadvantages of endothermy [2]

Output: advantage--greater independence from environmental conditions advantage---in order to fuel chemical reactions in the body through which they generate heat, endotherms evolved a greater capacity for oxygen utilization.. allows us to sustain high levels of muscle activity over longer periods of time disadvantage--requires a lot of energy.


Input: [1] brown fat [2]

Output: found around vital organs in the trunk full of mitochondria. break down molecules and produce heat. under cold conditions, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the metablolism within brown fat cells, producing heat.


Input: [1] behavioral thermoregulatory responses of ectotherms and endotherms [2]

Output: 1) changing exposure of the body surface ex) huddling 2) changing external insulation ex) using clothing or nests 3) selecting a surrounding that is less thermally stressful ex) going to the shade


Input: [1] torpor [2]

Output: saves a lot of energy for the animal.


Input: [1] brain regulation of body temperature [2]

Output: body temperature is regulated in the hypothalamus. ex) small lesions in dog hypothalamus increased body temperature. lateral hypothalamus controls behavioral temperature regulation POA -controls autonomic responses to temperature. -parallel circuits for two ways of regulating the same variable.


Input: [1] extracellular compartment [2]

Output: water that's outside our cells broken up into interstitial fluid (fluid between cells) and blood plasma


Input: [1] aquaporins [2]

Output: proteins that make up specialized water channels that allow water to move back and forth between cells nad in and out of cells.


Input: [1] osmolality [2]

Output: the concentration of solute in a solution


Input: [1] isotonic solution [2]

Output: has same salt concentration as mammalian fluids have


Input: [1] hpyertonic [2]

Output: more salt than mammalian fluids have


Input: [1] hypotonic [2]

Output: less salt than mammalian fluids have.


Input: [1] hypovolemic thirst [2]

Output: low extracellular volumes of water triggered by the loss of blood or other body fluids extracellular fluid is depleted w/o changes in solute concentration. no osmotic pressure to push water from one compartment to another causes release of vasopressin (ADH) to reduce urination and constrict blood vessels. renin and angiotensin are also released to conserve water.


Input: [1] osmotic thirst [2]

Output: high extracellular solut concentration. total volume of water is constant, but a sudden increas in the amount of solute in the extracellular comparrtment exerts osmotic pressure that pulls water out of the intracellular compartment. how thirst is most commonly produced. obligatory water losses where more water is lost than salt messes up the concentrations of fluids. some hypothalamic cells might be osmosensory neurosn--cells that respond to changes in osmotic pressure


Input: [1] diabetes insipidus [2]

Output: the production of vasopressin ceases, and the kidneys retain less water. they send more urine to the bladder, and that urine is very pail and dilute. chronic thirst.


Input: [1] aldosterone [2]

Output: is crucial to sodium conservation. aids water retention by acting on the kidneys, inducing them to conserve sodium


Input: [1] glycogon [2]

Output: form of glucose used for storage


Input: [1] sequential mechanisms that stimulate insulin release [2]

Output: 1)stimul from food evokes a conditioned rlease of insluin in anticipation of glucoes arrival in the blood. 2)


Input: [1] diabetes mellitus [2]

Output: real diabetes type one -the pancreas stops producing insulin type two -insulin insensitivity


Input: [1] Ventromedial hypothalamus lesions [2]

Output: -produces obesity


Input: [1] lateral hypothalamus lesions [2]

Output: anorexia


Input: [1] leptin [2]

Output: secreted by fat cells report how fat the body is


Input: [1] gherlin [2]

Output: powerful appetite stimulant one mechanism for obesity might be a gherlin system that is unresponsive to feeding


Input: [1] PYY [2]

Output: appetite suppressing increases in concentration after eating


Input: [1] CART and POMC [2]

Output: inhibit appetite and increase metabolism both project to the lateral hypothalamus


Input: [1] NPY/AgRP system [2]

Output: appetite stimulating


Input: Not straightforward situations. Arguments and debates about issues. Seek to find reasons for why things are done.

Output: What is meant by 'philosophical basis'?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Agreement that there is a crisis underfoot, but not necessarily consensus on what the crisis is (various crisis narratives)

Output: What is meant by 'shared concern'?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: What is nature? What constitutes it? What should nature be like? Are humans a part of nature? How do we value nature?

Output: What important questions should be asked regarding ideas about nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: As an idea As a strategy

Output: In what two ways is conservation important?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Use disproportionate resources(ex. fresh water) 2. Species extinction 3. Desertification 4. Alien species invasion 5. Toxic gases in atmosphere

Output: Name five examples of how humans dominate the earth.

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Emissions 2. Fossil fuels 3. Livestock

Output: Name three sources of toxic gases in the atmosphere.

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Rendering land less able to sustain life and in such a way, more like a desert.

Output: What is desertification?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. By competing for resources 2. Through their absence of natural enemies allowing domination

Output: In what ways do alien species interfere with natural ecosystems?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Cropping & livestock farming 2. Industrial waste (ex. smoke, byproducts, chemicals, sewage) 3. Overuse of renewable and nonrenewable resources 4. Altering natural processes (GM, artificial selection, river modification)

Output: Name four ways humans transform the earth.

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Soil can get tired and become infertile - Resrouces must be brought from elsewhere - Technology can damage the soil

Output: What problems are caused by technology used for farming productivity?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: I = PAT I = Environmental impact P = Population size A = Affluence - state of wealth T = Technology

Output: What is the environmental impact equation?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Consumerism beyond survival needs into extras and luxuries which are generally unncessary

Output: What is the main reason why we are having environmental problems?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - A minimual relationship to production and distribution - Only care about what we take in, not how or where it comes from - Not giving back to nature - Consumption as the main way of interaction with nature

Output: What is meant by a consumer society?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Volume and extent is responsible for environmental degradation 2. Excessive materialism detractsfrom true meaning of life 3. Destroys collective values, emphasizes individualism and relative wealth

Output: What are three criticisms of consumerism?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Creates global economy on which majority of world depends - Expanding cons. opp. necessary for economic growth - A means to extract humanity by creating experimental possibilities - Cessation would destroy social order

Output: What are the advantages of consumerism?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Perhaps - if it is a lifestyle rather than a single action

Output: Is fair trade a solution to the problems of consumerism?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: To redress imbalances created by the global economy by focusing on disadvantaged and marginalized producers

Output: What is the main objective of fair trade and how does it achieve this?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Doesnt have all answers - Can be counterproductive - Producers can mislead/cheat consumers

Output: What criticisms exist of fair trade?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Because there is little regulation, monitoring, and enforcement

Output: Why can fair trade producers mislead or cheat consumers?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: For example, an insistence on certain human rights can be counter cultural or damaging to the neccessities of those groups.

Output: How can fair trade be counterproductive?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. A trading partnership based on dialogue, transparency, and respect 2. Seeks greater equity in intl trade 3. Contributes to sustainable development by securing rights/better conditions of marginalized producers/workers 4. Active support of producers by raising awareness and changing rules of intl trade.

Output: What are the EFTA's four principles of fair trade?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Participative democracy in the trading process 2. Distribution of benefits

Output: What are two ways fair trade focuses on fairness?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Higher incomes - Improved working conditions - Support for local craft traditions - Greater security through guaranteed prices

Output: What is the impact of fair trade on producers?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Anti-consumerism 2. Green consumerism 3. Ethical consumerism

Output: What are three responses to traditional consumerism?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Voluntary simplicity and rejection of materialist culture and the pleasures of consumption

Output: What is anti-consumerism?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Sustainable and responsible consumption backed by international accords (person and planet)

Output: What is green consumerism?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Holistic and collectivist stance on social issues - people and planet

Output: What is ethical consumerism?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Psychic benefits: joy and confirmation of own humanity, excitement - Self-interest and sustainability: poverty reductive reduces economic migration, terrorism, environmental degradation

Output: What is the impact of fair trade on consumers?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Transformation of land surfaces - Altered biogeochemical cycles - Added and removed species - Global climate change - Losses in biological diversity

Output: What have been the impacts of a growing human population maintained by various human enterprises?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Alters structure and function of ecosystems - Impacts all other components strongly - Primary cause of lost biodiversity - Affects climate directly locally and regionally

Output: What are the impacts of transformed land surface?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Increased: - concentration of GHGs - fluxes of reactive N gases - acid rain and smog Eutrophication of estuaries

Output: What are the consequences of nitrogen fixation?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Land transformation - Global environmental change - Hunting - Biological invasion

Output: What are the major causes of species extinction?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Reduce rate we alter Earth system - Accelerate efforts to understand Earth system - Manage planet to maintain populations, species, ecosystems

Output: How must we react to historical human domination of earth's ecosystems?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Because the ecologically destructive western lifestyle is unsustainable but is encouraged in industrial countries and emulated worldwide

Output: Why does the overconsumption of individuals in industrial countries warrant attention?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Vast imbalances in what a single individual consumes depending on location - Even if fertility rates fall to replacement, population will inevitably grow for 50-60 years

Output: Why should overconsumption be considered a problem and not population alone?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Lack of media attention (focused on population) - Dramatization difficult - Economic incentives politically unpopular - Little leadership from western countries

Output: Why hasn't the overconsumption problem been appropriately addressed?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Put entire effort into saving nature - Become active in classroom, public education, public policy - Be positive role models in personal lives

Output: How should conservation professionals address the overconsumption issue?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Scientific validation of claims by authority 2. Popularizers to put the word out 3. Media attention framing problem as important 4. Dramatization in symbolic and visual terms 5. Economic incentives to take positive action 6. Institutional sponsors to ensure legitimacy and continuity

Output: What six factors are necessary to address environmental problems?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Tax incentives, subsidies, grants for producers and consumers - Penalties, pollution charges, input and output charges - Marketable permits (cap-and-trade) - Deposit-refund systems

Output: What are some examples of economic incentives for positive environmental action?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. It is how we value aspects of the environment in practice (by buying commodities) 2. It is only well-understood and universal measure of value currently 3. Is basic form of social power and means to achieve human desires 4. Is understood by holders of social power who must be persuaded

Output: What are four arguments in favor of a monetary valuation of nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Inventory: valuation of stocks 2. Flows: valuation of changes in stocks

Output: What are two types of quantity that can be valuated?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Anthropocentrism 2. Ecocentrism/biocentrism

Output: What are two key theories of nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Nature is only valuable if useful to humans - World exists for humanity - Humans right to benefit from environment as much as possible

Output: What is anthropocentrism?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Nature has intrinsic value - Organisms share earth and should live harmoniously - Humans not inherently superior

Output: What is ecocentrism/biocentrism?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Despot: human rule over earth to satisfy needs - Enlightened ruler: dependency on nature so adjust resource use - Steward: use resources wisely to protect for future generations

Output: What are the basic anthropocentric attitudes concerning the people-nature relationship?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Partner: other organisms equal value as humans, take needs of both into account - Participant: humans not only equal, only one of interdependent actors in global ecosystem

Output: What are the basic ecocentric attitudes concerning the people-nature relationship?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Both material and immaterial utility - By serving as a sink for negative impacts such as pollution - By serving as a source of resources (production uses, enjoyment of natural beauty)

Output: How does nature provide welfare?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Spatial: nature competes financially with other types of land use 2. Socio-economic: nature should receive credit for welfare when competing 3. Ecological: nature should not compete, sustainable use determines economic activities

Output: What are three perspectives on the use of nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Give general indication how to deal with nature - Do not predict behaviour in a specific situation

Output: What purpose do attitudes toward nature serve? What do they not do?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: 1. Conservation view 2. Development view 3. Functional view 4. Alternative view

Output: What are four views on dealing with nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Objective: conserve and restore nature according to historical reference points. Approaches: 1) Hands-off: humans as partners 2) Classical: humans as stewards

Output: What are the objective and the approaches of the conservation view to dealing with nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: It is reactive against economic activities and thus may be counterproductive by reducing natural dynamics

Output: What is a counterargument to the classical approach to the conservation view?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Objective: enhance naturalness and wilderness, protect existing nature and develop new Approaches: reduce maintenance where possible, undo previous interventions, reactivate natural processes, restore through stimulative actions (humans are partners)

Output: What are the objective and the approaches of the development view to dealing with nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Merely conserving sites is not adequate, natural processes are required as well

Output: What is the argument in favor of the development view of dealing with nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Objective: max social welfare from nature Approaches: 1) Coevolution: humans as partners 2) Nature Building: humans as despots Seperation b/w ecology and economy not favorable in LR b/c the two are interdependent

Output: What are the objective and the approaches of the functional view to dealing with nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Coevolution: sustainable use of nature, balanced interaction between nature and society Nature Building: Controlling and constructing nature to meet human needs

Output: Describe the two functional approaches to dealing with nature.

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Operational instruments to ensure balanced trade offs and protect against tragedy of the commons

Output: What does the functional view to dealing with nature require to be successful?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Objective: restore harmonious rel. b/w nature and people Beliefs: western seperation of nature enables environmental aggression, source of env problems - Natural resource extraction destrutive - Certain areas of nature still undisturbed

Output: What are the objective and the beliefs of the alternative view to dealing with nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: They yield flow of vital services: - Production (seafood, timber) - Life support processes - Life-fulfilling conditions

Output: In what ways are ecosystems capital assets?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Begin by cataloging sources and consumers of ecosystem services - Reveal crtical points/ interdependencies in supply of services and time scale - Get locally based info

Output: What is the ecological basis for valuation of nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Id possible alternatives - Id and measure impacts of each alternatives and quantify uncertainties - Valuation: translate consequences of alternatives into units of impact on human well-being (opportunity cost, monetary)

Output: What is the decision making process for valuation of nature?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Public policy decisions should be incremental - Values used should reflect individual values in democracy - Values should be inferred from actual decisions

Output: What are the general principles of valuation?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: - Market prices don't reflect full cost - Most services not traded on markets - Avoidance of costs approaches provide just partial indications of value - Difficult when individuals unfamiliar with issues to do surveys and rely on their preferences - Difficult to aggregate individual values to social value - Weight put on current vs. future costs

Output: What are some limitations of valuation?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: Where the benefits greatly outweigh the costs of vice versa so complete accuracy is unnecessary

Output: Where is the greatest opportunity for environmental valuation?

What is the course about? What is the starting point?


Input: [1] cognate [2]

Output: a word in one language meaning the same word in another language.


Input: [1] derivative [2]

Output: a word formed from another word or root such as a prefix or a suffix


Input: [1] diminutive [2]

Output: a word that is formed with a suffix (such as -let or -kin) to indicate smallness


Input: [1] inflection [2]

Output: the affix added to produce this change, as the -s in dogs or the -ed in played


Input: [1] orthography [2]

Output: The art or study of correct spelling according to established usage


Input: [1] philology [2]

Output: the study of language devolopement`


Input: [1] phonology [2]

Output: The study of speech sounds in language


Input: [1] rhetoric [2]

Output: the ability to use language effectively


Input: [1] syntax [2]

Output: the arrangement of words in sentences


Input: [1] paradigm [2]

Output: a display in fixed arrangement of such a set, as boy, boy's, boys, boys'.


Input: [a spinal reflex] Parietal

Output: The primary sensory area is found in the Lobe.

A reflex that does not pass through the brain is termed...


Input: [a spinal reflex] the dendrites

Output: The fiber of a neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body is

A reflex that does not pass through the brain is termed...


Input: [a spinal reflex] Cushings disease

Output: Excess secretion of cortisol causes a disorder called

A reflex that does not pass through the brain is termed...


Input: [a spinal reflex] white

Output: Myelinated nervous tissue is described as

A reflex that does not pass through the brain is termed...


Input: [a spinal reflex] based on the main neurotransmitters used.

Output: THe sympathetic nervous system can be classified as adrenergic,

A reflex that does not pass through the brain is termed...


Input: [a spinal reflex] the midbrain

Output: The most superior portion of the brain stem is called

A reflex that does not pass through the brain is termed...


Input: [a spinal reflex] The cerebellum

Output: The maintenance of muscle tone and the coordination of signals fromthe motor cortex is the responsibility of

A reflex that does not pass through the brain is termed...


Input: [a spinal reflex] amino acids

Output: The building blocks of protein hormones are

A reflex that does not pass through the brain is termed...


Input: percentage change in quantity demanded/percentage change in price

Output: The basic formula for the price elasticity of demand coefficient is

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: The elasticity coefficient is less than one

Output: Which of the following is not characteristic of the demand for a commodity that is elastic

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: increase the amount demanded by more than 10 percent

Output: If the demand for bacon is relatively elastic, a 10 percent decline in the price of bacon will

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: is elastic

Output: The price of product X is reduced from $100 to $90 and, as a result, the quantity demanded increases from 50 to 60 units. Therefore demand for X in this price range

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: decrease by approximately 12 percent

Output: The price elasticity of demand for beef is about 0.60. Other things equal, this means that a 20 percent increase in the price of beef will cause the quantity of beef demanded to

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: the sensitivity of consumer purchases to price changes

Output: The concept of price elasticity of demand measures

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: W and Y

Output: Suppose the price elasticity coefficients of demand are 1.43, 0.67, 1.11, and 0.29 for products W, X, Y, and Z respectively. A 1 percent decrease in price will increase total revenue in the case(s) of

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: price rises and demand is elastic

Output: In which of the following instances will total revenue decline?

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: relatively inelastic

Output: Gigantic State University raises tuition for the purpose of increasing its revenue so that more faculty can be hired. GSU is assuming that the demand for education at GSU is:

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: decrease

Output: If the demand for farm products is price inelastic, a good harvest will cause farm revenues to

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: does not apply to supply because price and quantity are directly related.

Output: The total-revenue test for elasticity

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: greater in the long run than in the short run

Output: Price elasticity of demand is generally:

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: relatively price elastic

Output: The demand for a luxury good whose purchase would exhaust a big portion of one's income is

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: relatively price inelastic

Output: The demand for a necessity whose cost is a small portion of one's total income is

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: amount of time the producer has to adjust inputs in response to a price change

Output: The main determinant of elasticity of supply is the

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: a change in price will have no effect on the quantity supplied

Output: A supply curve that is a vertical straight line indicates that

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: increase street crime because the addict's demand for heroin is highly inelastic

Output: An antidrug policy which reduces the supply of heroin might

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: the price elasticity of demand for farm products is less than 1

Output: Farmers often find that large bumper crops are associated with declines in their gross incomes. This suggests that

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: A. relatively elastic

Output: The supply curve of antique reproductions is

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: a 10 percent increase in income will increase the purchase of toys by 20 percent

Output: Suppose the income elasticity of demand for toys is +2.00. This means that

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: quantity demanded of X/percentage change in price of Y

Output: The formula for cross elasticity of demand is percentage change in

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: the price of some other product

Output: Cross elasticity of demand measures how sensitive purchases of a specific product are to changes in

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: positive, indicating substitute goods

Output: We would expect the cross elasticity of demand between Pepsi and Coke to be

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: Colleges charging lower tuition for low-income students

Output: Based on the concept of price elasticity of demand, which of the following cases is most likely to occur?

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: is the satisfaction or pleasure one gets from consuming it

Output: The utility of a good or service

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: positive, negative, or zero

Output: Marginal utility can be

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: beyond some point additional units of a product will yield less and less extra satisfaction to a consumer

Output: The law of diminishing marginal utility states that

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: change in total utility obtained by consuming one more unit of a good

Output: Marginal utility is the

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: summing the marginal utilities of each unit consumed

Output: Total utility may be determined by

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: Alex may have to lower the price to convince Kara to buy a second slice.

Output: While eating at Alex's "Pizza by the Slice" restaurant, Kara experiences diminishing marginal utility. She gained 10 units of satisfaction from her first slice of pizza consumed, and would only receive 5 units of satisfaction from consuming a second slice.

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: consumers behave rationally, attempting to maximize their satisfaction

Output: The theory of consumer behavior assumes that

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: more of X and less of Y

Output: Suppose that MUx/Px exceeds MUy/Py. To maximize utility the consumer who is spending all her money income should buy

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: 4 units of J and 5 units of K

Output: Refer to the above data. If the consumer has a money income of $52 and the prices of J and K are $8 and $4 respectively, the consumer will maximize her utility by purchasing

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: 276 utils

Output: Refer to the above data. What level of total utility is realized from the equilibrium combination of J and K, if the consumer has a money income of $52 and the prices of J and K are $8 and $4 respectively?

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: should buy less B and more A

Output: Suppose that Ms. Thomson is currently exhausting her money income by purchasing 10 units of A and 8 units of B at prices of $2 and $4 respectively. The marginal utility of the last units of A and B are 16 and 24 respectively. These data suggest that Ms. Thomson

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: are $105 and $140 respectively

Output: If MUa/Pa = 100/$35 = MUb/Pb = 300/? = MUc/Pc = 400/?, the prices of products b and c in consumer equilibrium

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: 2 of L and 3 of M

Output: Answer the question on the basis of the following total utility data for products L and M. Assume that the prices of L and M are $3 and $4 respectively and that the consumer's income is $18

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: 51 utils

Output: Refer to the above data. What level of total utility does the rational consumer realize in equilibrium

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: total utility

Output: The theory of consumer behavior assumes that consumers attempt to maximize

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: 1 units of X and 2 units of Y

Output: If the prices of X and Y are $2 and $4 per unit, respectively, and this consumer has $10 in income to spend, to maximize total utility this consumer should buy

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: Apple introduced new features to entice previous buyers to purchase new models

Output: How did Apple overcome consumers' diminishing marginal utility for iPods

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: the price of a product is related to its marginal utility, not its total utility

Output: The diamond-water paradox occurs because

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: Credit card companies want to increase profits by promoting slower repayment, and actual customer payments will be anchored by the smaller payment requirements

Output: Why do credit card companies typically require small minimum payment amounts on their customers' monthly credit card statements

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: all possible combinations of two goods that can be purchased, given money income and the prices of the goods

Output: The budget line shows

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: budget line to the left

Output: Increases in product prices shift the consumer's

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: price ratio of the two products

Output: The slope of a budget line reflects the

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: is 1/5

Output: Assume the price of product Y (the quantity of which is on the vertical axis) is $15 and the price of product X (the quantity of which is on the horizontal axis) is $3. Also assume that money income is $60. The absolute value of the slope of the resulting budget line

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: total utility is the same

Output: At each point on an indifference curve:

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: is downsloping and convex to the origin

Output: An indifference curve

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: curves farther from the origin yield higher levels of total utility

Output: An indifference map implies that

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: where the budget line is tangent to an indifference curve

Output: Assume a diagram in which a budget line is imposed on an indifference map. A consumer will maximize her utility

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: price of Y has decreased

Output: Refer to the above diagram. Suppose the budget line shifts so that the consumer's equilibrium changes from point A to point B. This means that the:

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: explicit and implicit costs, including a normal profit

Output: To the economist, total cost includes

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: total explicit costs

Output: Accounting profits equal total revenue minus

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: explicit and implicit costs from total revenue

Output: Economic profits are calculated by subtracting

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: the return to the entrepreneur when economic profits are zero

Output: Normal profit is

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: . $200,000 and its economic profits were zero.

Output: Suppose that a business incurred implicit costs of $200,000 and explicit costs of $1 million in a specific year. If the firm sold 4,000 units of its output at $300 per unit, its accounting profits were

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: in the long run all resources are variable, while in the short run at least one resource is fixed

Output: To economists, the main difference between the short run and the long run is that:

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: barriers to entry prevent new firms from entering the industry

Output: The basic characteristic of the short run is that

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: as extra units of a variable resource are added to a fixed resource, marginal product will decline beyond some point

Output: The law of diminishing returns indicates that

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: AP continues to rise so long as TP is rising

Output: Which of the following statements concerning the relationships between total product (TP), average product (AP), and marginal product (MP) is not correct?

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: Marginal product rises faster than average product and also falls faster than average product.

Output: Which of the following is correct?

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: total product is 18

Output: Refer to the above data. When two workers are employed

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: Marginal cost intersects average total cost at the latter's minimum point

Output: Which of the following is correct as it relates to cost curves?

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Output: Assume that in the short run a firm is producing 100 units of output, has average total costs of $200, and average variable costs of $150. The firm's total fixed costs are:


Input: total fixed cost plus total variable cost divided by quantity of output

Output: Average total cost is

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: rising, then average total cost could be either falling or rising

Output: If marginal cost is

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: why the firm's long-run average total cost curve is U-shaped

Output: Economies and diseconomies of scale explain

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: . rising, then average total cost could be either falling or rising

Output: . If marginal cost is

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: the long-run average total cost curve rises

Output: When diseconomies of scale occur

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: inelastic resource supply curves

Output: Which of the following is not a source of economies of scale

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: of the difficulties involved in managing and coordinating a large business enterprise

Output: Diseconomies of scale arise primarily because

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: . sunk cost.

Output: A cost that cannot be partly or fully recovered through any subsequent action is known as a

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: is the smallest level of output at which long-run average total cost is minimized

Output: The minimum efficient scale of a firm

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: a source of economies of scale

Output: When a firm does more of something, it gets better at it. This learning-by-doing is

The price elasticity of demand coefficient measures


Input: The correct answer is B. Mid-speech sag occurs when the body of a speech lacks the interest and energy of the beginning and end. A speaker who spends more time focusing on a polished introduction and conclusion rather than a well-organized body may experience mid-speech sag.

Output: A speech with a catchy introduction, a strong ending, and a lackluster body is said to suffer from which of the following? a. Redundancy b. Mid-speech sag c. Selective exposure d. Mid-speech boredom

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is D. Topoi, or the system of topics, is based on a rhetoric technique used in ancient Greece and Rome. General questions and questions specific to a subject are asked in order to generate speech topic ideas.

Output: Which of the following methods involves asking yourself a series of general and subject-specific questions in order to generate speech topics? a. Dictionary of topics b. Search directory c. Tree diagram d. Topoi

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. An extemporaneous speech involves preparation, organization, and notes. Delivery is conversational and flexible and gives the appearance of being effortless.

Output: A speech that involves background preparation, idea organization, brief notes, and a conversational delivery would be described as which of the following? a. Extemporaneous b. Memorized c. Manuscript d. Impromptu

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. Audience feedback is the nonverbal and verbal cues conveyed by audience members regarding a speaker. Surprised looks, nodding heads, and verbal remarks are examples of audience feedback.

Output: Which of the following terms is used for verbal and nonverbal cues that show what audience members think about a speaker? a. Facial expressions b. Audience feedback c. Contextual evidence d. Audience adaptation

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. A well-organized speech should have a clearly stated goal. Evaluating the organization of a speech involves determining whether structure, transitions, and main points are clearly established by the speaker.

Output: Which of the following questions should be considered when evaluating the organization of a speech? a. Does the speaker state a goal for the speech? b. Does the speaker persuade the audience? c. Does the speaker show expertise in the topic? d. Does the speaker use clear language?

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is D. With spatial organization, the speaker organizes major ideas based on their physical location. For example, a speech about the earth's layers might progress from the outer crust to the core or vice versa.

Output: Organizing the main points of a speech based on an object's structure is referred to as which of the following types of patterns? a. Chronological b. Elimination c. Causal d. Spatial

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is D. Attending refers to paying attention to a speaker despite distractions. Poor listeners are easily distracted by unrelated thoughts or the activities of others.

Output: Which of the following refers to the act of paying attention to what a speaker says despite distractions? a. Evaluating b. Understanding c. Active listening d. Attending

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. An impromptu speech is the most appropriate for a speaker who has had no time to make preparations. An impromptu speech involves no planning, no preparation, and no practice.

Output: Which mode of delivery is most suitable when a speaker does not have time to prepare a speech in advance? a. Impromptu b. Memorized c. Manuscript d. Extemporaneous

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is D. The situational audience analysis is an important factor when adapting a speech. The size of the audience and the physical location of the speech may require a speaker to adjust the speech's length, language, and visual aids.

Output: Which of the following refers to an audience analysis based on factors such as audience size, time of day, and physical setting? a. Sociological audience analysis b. Psychological audience analysis c. Demographic audience analysis d. Situational audience analysis

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. Anticlimactic structure begins with the most intriguing argument in order to capture the attention of the audience. The weakest argument is given last with this organizational pattern.

Output: Which of the following patterns of organization is appropriate for a speaker who needs to grab the attention of the audience at the beginning of a speech? a. Classification structure b. Anticlimactic structure c. Climactic structure d. Pyramidal structure

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is C. The primary concern for a speaker should be whether a topic is interesting and relevant to the audience. If the speech topic does not interest either the speaker or the audience, the speech will fail. Information provided in the speech should also be worthwhile to listeners.

Output: A speech topic is considered appropriate for an audience when it can be characterized by which of the following? a. Significant and persuasive b. Emotional and informative c. Interesting and relevant d. Narrowed and limited

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. The problem-solution order is useful for speeches in which change is advocated. The speech would begin with a statement of the problem — decreased learning time in classroom — and would be followed with a solution to the problem — lengthening the school day.

Output: Which of the following would be most appropriate for a speech attempting to persuade listeners that the school day should be lengthened? a. Problem-solution pattern b. Question-answer order c. Motivated sequence d. Temporal pattern

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is C. Supporting materials substantiate arguments presented in speeches. Supporting materials include examples, narratives, tests, and expert testimonies.

Output: Narratives, expert testimonies, blood tests, and statistics are examples of which of the following? a. Claims of fact b. Literal analogies c. Supporting materials d. Persuasive arguments

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. The First Amendment of the Constitution prohibits Congress from making laws that infringe upon an individual's freedom of speech. The First Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights.

Output: Which of the following amendments to the U.S. Constitution relates to freedom of speech? a. First Amendment b. Second Amendment c. Fifth Amendment d. Sixth Amendment

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. Criticism involves evaluating the positive and negative elements of a speech. Criticism can provide useful information to a speaker about the strengths and weaknesses of a speech.

Output: The process of evaluating and judging the positive and negative aspects of a speech is referred to as which of the following? a. Appeals b. Criticism c. Assimilation d. Social exchange

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. A speaker who makes a mistake during a memorized speech may find it difficult to recover. Forgetting a line requires the speaker to search for the missing information and break the flow of the speech.

Output: Which of the following is a disadvantage of memorizing an oral presentation? a. Lack of clarity and credibility b. Difficult to recover from mistakes c. Minimal eye contact with audience d. Hard to incorporate bodily movements

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is D. The principle of parallelism suggests that every point on an outline be structured in the same grammatical fashion. For example, an outline that uses sentences should consistently use sentences, rather than a mixture of sentences, fragments, and brief phrases.

Output: When all points on an outline use the same grammatical structure, the outline is adhering to which of the following principles? a. Principle of division b. Principle of subordination c. Principle of structure d. Principle of parallelism

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. Ad hominem is Latin for "against the man." In this error of reasoning, an individual is personally attacked instead of the real issue that is in dispute.

Output: The fallacy of attacking a person instead of a disputed issue is referred to as which of the following? a. Ad hominem b. Red herring c. Bandwagon d. Slippery slope

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. Public speakers often use a brief, silent pause for effect. A silent pause allows listeners time to consider a point or a question raised by the speaker.

Output: Which of the following is often used to allow audience members to consider a concept during a speech? a. Silent pauses b. Vocal variety c. Inflections d. Vocalized pauses

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is D. Clarity can occur if a speaker is economical and does not waste words. Redundancies and meaningless words add clutter to a speech and should be avoided.

Output: Which of the following will most likely be achieved in a speech by avoiding redundancies and unnecessary words? a. Appropriateness b. Impersonal style c. Formality d. Clarity

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. After analyzing an audience's demographic and psychological characteristics, a speaker will make adaptations to a speech. Public speakers may need to modify a speech to make it more effective for an audience.

Output: The actions that a speaker takes after analyzing an audience are referred to by which of the following terms? a. Formation of attitudes b. Audience adaptation c. Methods of presentation d. Audience modification

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is C. The specific speech goal should be well crafted because it guides the direction of the speech. The specific speech goal follows up on the general goal of the speech.

Output: Which of the following should be carefully written because it is the basis for a well-organized speech? a. Section transitions b. Internal transitions c. Specific speech goal d. Rhetorical questions

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is D. The three categories are subtopics about Michael Phelps' career, so topical order is the most appropriate organizational pattern. With topical order, each section is equal and balanced.

Output: A speech about Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps that is divided into his three most successful events — freestyle, butterfly, and relay — would be best organized according to which of the following patterns? a. Problem-solution b. Spatial c. Cause-effect d. Topical

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is C. A credibility gap occurs when a speaker attempts to manipulate the truth. The term is most often used to describe the gap between what politicians say about a situation and the actual reality of the situation.

Output: A discrepancy between the truth and information given by a speaker that leads to public skepticism is referred to as which of the following? a. Rhetorical communication b. Ethical obligations c. Credibility gap d. Disparity

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. A broad topic requires the speaker to go through more research material than necessary. A narrow topic helps the speaker focus on specific information and increases efficiency.

Output: Which of the following is a primary reason for narrowing a speech topic? a. Develop a general purpose b. Improve research efficiency c. Grab the attention of listeners d. Increase interest of the audience

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. Vocalized pauses may negatively affect a speaker's credibility with the audience. Saying "you know," "uh," or "er" during a speech may cause listeners to doubt the competence of the speaker.

Output: Which of the following may be affected by vocalized pauses during a public speech? a. Dramatic effect b. Speaker credibility c. Audience adaptation d. Speech organization

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. Hyperbole is another term for exaggeration or overstatement. Persuasive speakers are often tempted to overstate the importance of an issue, which can be unethical.

Output: Unethical speakers who overstate the importance of an issue are using which of the following? a. Hyperbole b. Euphemism c. Persuasive language d. Nonparallel language

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. The example is based on fact, so it is an actual example. Brief examples are one or two sentences, while extended examples are typically at least three sentences.

Output: A speaker who provides a four-sentence example about Rick Swenson, the five-time winner of the Iditarod Dog Race, is using which of the following? a. Brief, actual example b. Extended, actual example c. Brief, hypothetical example d. Extended, hypothetical example

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. The third stage of the motivated sequence pattern is satisfaction. At this stage, the speaker shows how a need can be satisfied by the proposal presented in the speech.

Output: According to Alan Monroe's motivated sequence pattern, which of the following is the third step of the sequence? a. Satisfaction b. Attention c. Visualization d. Action

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is C. Customizing a message to an audience enables a speaker to gain credibility with the audience. The audience may view the speaker as knowledgeable because he or she is presenting information that is relevant to their own lives.

Output: By tailoring a speech to a specific audience, a speaker will most likely increase which of the following? a. Knowledge of the message b. Ethical responsibility c. Credibility of the message d. Audience participation

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. A speech thesis should be specific, narrow, and stated as a declarative sentence. A speech thesis is useful in focusing the audience's attention and in generating main points.

Output: A speech thesis should be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT a. Be clear and exact b. Be neutral and broad c. Be limited to one concept d. Be stated as a declarative sentence

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is C. Stephen Toulmin was a philosopher who created a method for analyzing arguments. The three primary parts of the Toulmin method are the claim, evidence, and warrant.

Output: Which of the following best describes the Toulmin model? a. A system for analyzing and sorting data b. A method for organizing an argument c. A system for analyzing arguments d. A method for organizing a speech

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. An informative speech attempts to elevate an audience's knowledge about a specific topic. The speaker does not try to persuade the audience to make changes in their beliefs or attitudes.

Output: Which of the following purposes would most likely categorize topics such as "What are the effects of drug laws?" and "What impact does exercise have on life expectancy?" a. Persuasive speech b. Informative speech c. Entertaining speech d. Special occasion speech

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. Expert testimony in a speech has no value if the audience does not find the individual credible. It is important to describe the expert's background and knowledge to show the audience that the expert's opinions and statements are valid.

Output: When using testimony in a speech, which of the following characteristics of an expert is most important to establish with the audience? a. Competency b. Popularity c. Rationality d. Success

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. Frame of reference refers to the sum of an individual's attitudes, values, experience, and knowledge. Since no two people have the same frame of reference, they will never extract the same meaning from a message.

Output: Which of the following best explains why the meaning of a message cannot be the same for the speaker and the listener? a. Varied methods of attending b. Each has a different frame of reference c. Varied critical thinking abilities d. Each has a different communication channel

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is B. It would be appropriate for the speaker to speak more slowly and distinctly. Speaking more slowly, especially at the beginning of the speech, would help listeners adjust to the speaker's unfamiliar accent.

Output: Which of the following would be most suitable for a speaker with a Southern drawl who is addressing an audience of New Yorkers? a. Hide the accent during the speech b. Slow down the speech rate c. Increase the speech volume d. Answer questions during the speech

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is D. Marking refers to adding sex, age, or race designations to descriptions. "Mr. Smith is an excellent Latino engineer" is an example of marking.

Output: Adding age or race designations to a description of a person is referred to as which of the following? a. Generalizing b. Sequencing c. Cluttering d. Marking

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident


Input: The correct answer is A. The amount of education possessed by individuals typically influences their level of interest in politics and community affairs. Education also affects background knowledge about current affairs, world events, and political systems.

Output: Which of the following demographic elements has the greatest effect on political interest and participation in community affairs? a. Education b. Gender c. Ethnicity d. Occupation

Speech Test 2 (DSST Final Study Guide) Flashcards - Cram.com

Which of the following helps a speaker establish a sense of moral character with an audience? a. Demonstrating enthusiasm and a positive outlook b. Mentioning numerous research sources and materials c. Showing concern for high-order values and principles d. Using language that is emphatic, clear, and confident