Input: [Call] Cash flow at risk (CFAR)

Output: A variation of VAR that reflects the risk of a company’s cash flow instead of its market value.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash flow from operations (cash flow from operating activities or operating cash flow)

Output: The net amount of cash provided from operating activities.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash flow statement (statement of cash flows)

Output: A financial state- ment that reconciles beginning-of-period and end-of-period balance sheet values of cash; consists of three parts: cash flows from operating activities, cash flows from investing activities, and cash flows from financing activities.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash offering

Output: A merger or acquisition that is to be paid for with cash; the cash for the merger might come from the acquiring company’s existing assets or from a debt issue.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash price or spot price

Output: The price for immediate purchase of the underlying asset.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash ratio

Output: A liquidity ratio calculated as (cash

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash settlement

Output: A procedure used in certain derivative transac- tions that specifies that the long and short parties engage in the equivalent cash value of a delivery transaction.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio

Output: The difference between reported net income on an accrual basis and the cash flows from operating and investing activities compared to the average net operating assets over the period.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals

Output: The difference between reported net income on an accrual basis and the cash flows from operating and investing activities.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] CBOE Volatility Index

Output: A measure of near-term market volatility as conveyed by S&P 500 stock index option prices.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Central bank

Output: A bank’s bank and a public authority that regulates the nation’s depository institutions and controls the quantity of money.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Central limit theorem

Output: A result in statistics that states that the sample mean computed from large samples of size n from a population with finite variance will follow an approximate normal distribution with a mean equal to the population mean and a variance equal to the population variance divided by n.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Centralized risk management or companywide risk management

Output: When a company has a single risk management group that monitors and controls all of the risk-taking activities of the organization. Centralization permits economies of scale and allows a company to use some of its risks to offset other risks. (See also enterprise risk management.)

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Chain rule of forecasting

Output: A forecasting process in which the next period’s value as predicted by the forecasting equation is substituted into the right-hand side of the equation to give a predicted value two periods ahead.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Change in polarity principle

Output: A tenet of technical analysis that once a support level is breached, it becomes a resistance level. The same holds true for resistance levels; once breached, they become support levels.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Chart of accounts

Output: A list of accounts used in an entity’s accounting system.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cheapest to deliver

Output: A bond in which the amount received for delivering the bond is largest compared with the amount paid in the market for the bond.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cherry-picking

Output: When a bankrupt company is allowed to enforce contracts that are favorable to it while walking away from con- tracts that are unfavorable to it.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Classical

Output: A macroeconomist who believes that the economy is self- regulating and that it is always at full employment.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Classified balance sheet

Output: A balance sheet organized so as to group together the various assets and liabilities into subcategories (e.g., current and noncurrent).

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Clean-surplus accounting

Output: The bottom-line income reflects all changes in shareholders’ equity arising from other than owner transactions. In the absence of owner transactions, the change in shareholders’ equity should equal net income. No adjustments such as translation adjustments bypass the income statement and go directly to shareholders equity.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Clearing instructions

Output: Instructions that indicate how to arrange the final settlement (“clearing”) of a trade.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Clearinghouse

Output: An entity associated with a futures market that acts as middleman between the contracting parties and guarantees to each party the performance of the other.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Clientele effect

Output: The preference some investors have for shares that exhibit certain characteristics.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Closed-end fund

Output: A mutual fund in which no new investment money is accepted. New investors invest by buying existing shares, and investors in the fund liquidate by selling their shares to other investors.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Closeout netting

Output: Netting the market values of all derivative con- tracts between two parties to determine one overall value owed by one party to another in the event of bankruptcy.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Coefficient of variation (CV)

Output: The ratio of a set of observations’ standard deviation to the observations’ mean value.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cointegrated

Output: Describes two time series that have a long-term financial or economic relationship such that they do not diverge from each other without bound in the long run.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Collar

Output: An option strategy involving the purchase of a put and sale of a call in which the holder of an asset gains protection below a certain level, the exercise price of the put, and pays for it by giving up gains above a certain level, the exercise price of the call. Collars also can be used to provide protection against rising interest rates on a floating-rate loan by giving up gains from lower interest rates.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Collusive agreement

Output: An agreement between two (or more) producers to restrict output, raise the price, and increase profits.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Combination

Output: A listing in which the order of the listed items does not matter.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Command system

Output: A method of allocating resources by the order (command) of someone in authority. In a firm a managerial hierarchy organizes production.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Commercial paper

Output: Unsecured short-term corporate debt that is characterized by a single payment at maturity.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Committed lines of credit

Output: A bank commitment to extend credit up to a pre-specified amount; the commitment is considered a short-term liability and is usually in effect for 364 days (one day short of a full year).

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Commodity forward

Output: A contract in which the underlying asset is oil, a precious metal, or some other commodity.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Commodity futures

Output: Futures contracts in which the underlying is a traditional agricultural, metal, or petroleum product.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Commodity option

Output: An option in which the asset underlying the futures is a commodity, such as oil, gold, wheat, or soybeans.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Commodity swap

Output: A swap in which the underlying is a commodity such as oil, gold, or an agricultural product.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Common shares

Output: A type of security that represent an ownership interest in a company.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Common size statements

Output: Financial statements in which all elements (accounts) are stated as a percentage of a key figure such as revenue for an income statement or total assets for a balance sheet.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Common-size analysis

Output: The restatement of financial statement items using a common denominator or reference item that allows one to identify trends and major differences; an example is an income statement in which all items are expressed as a percent of revenue.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Company analysis

Output: Analysis of an individual company.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Company fundamental factors

Output: Factors related to the company’s internal performance, such as factors relating to earnings growth, earnings variability, earnings momentum, and financial leverage.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Company share-related factors

Output: Valuation measures and other factors related to share price or the trading characteristics of the shares, such as earnings yield, dividend yield, and book-to- market value.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Comparable company

Output: A company that has similar business risk; usually in the same industry and preferably with a single line of business.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Competitive strategy

Output: A company’s plans for responding to the threats and opportunities presented by the external environment.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Complement

Output: In probability, with reference to an event S, the event that S does not occur; in economics, a good that is used in conjunction with another good.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Complete markets

Output: Informally, markets in which the variety of distinct securities traded is so broad that any desired payoff in a future state-of-the-world is achievable.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Completed contract

Output: A method of revenue recognition in which the company does not recognize any revenue until the contract is completed; used particularly in long-term construction contracts.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Component cost of capital

Output: The rate of return required by suppliers of capital for an individual source of a company’s funding, such as debt or equity.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Compounding

Output: The process of accumulating interest on interest.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Comprehensive income

Output: The change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from nonowner sources; includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners; comprehensive income equals net income plus other comprehensive income.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Conditional expected value

Output: The expected value of a stated event given that another event has occurred.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Conditional heteroskedasticity

Output: Heteroskedasticity in the error variance that is correlated with the values of the independent variable(s) in the regression.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Conditional probability

Output: The probability of an event given (conditioned on) another event.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Conditional variances

Output: The variance of one variable, given the out- come of another.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Confidence interval

Output: A range that has a given probability that it will contain the population parameter it is intended to estimate.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Conglomerate merger

Output: A merger involving companies that are in unrelated businesses.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Consistency

Output: A desirable property of estimators; a consistent estimator is one for which the probability of estimates close to the value of the population parameter increases as sample size increases.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Consistent

Output: With reference to estimators, describes an estimator for which the probability of estimates close to the value of the population parameter increases as sample size increases.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Consolidation

Output: The combining of the results of operations of subsidiaries with the parent company to present financial statements as if they were a single economic unit. The asset, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the subsidiaries are combined with those of the parent company, eliminating inter- company transactions.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Constant maturity swap or CMT swap

Output: A swap in which the floating rate is the rate on a security known as a constant maturity treasury or CMT security.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Constant maturity treasury or CMT

Output: A hypothetical U.S. Treasury note with a constant maturity. A CMT exists for various years in the range of 2 to 10.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Constant returns to scale

Output: Features of a firm’s technology that lead to constant long-run average cost as output increases. When constant returns to scale are present, the LRAC curve is horizontal.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Constituent securities

Output: With respect to an index, the individual securities within an index.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Output: An index that measures the average of the prices paid by urban consumers for a fixed “basket” of the consumer goods and services.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Consumer surplus

Output: The value (or marginal benefit) of a good minus the price paid for it, summed over the quantity bought.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Contango

Output: A situation in a futures market where the current futures price is greater than the current spot price for the underlying asset.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Contestable market

Output: A market in which firms can enter and leave so easily that firms in the market face competition from potential entrants.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Contingent claims

Output: Derivatives in which the payoffs occur if a specific event occurs; generally referred to as options.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Continuation patterns

Output: A type of pattern used in technical analysis to predict the resumption of a market trend that was in place prior to the formation of a pattern.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Continuous market

Output: A market where stocks are priced and traded continuously by an auction process or by dealers when the market is open.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Continuous random variable

Output: A random variable for which the range of possible outcomes is the real line (all real numbers between -∞ and +∞ or some subset of the real line).

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Continuous time

Output: Time thought of as advancing in extremely small increments.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Continuous trading market

Output: A market in which trades can be arranged and executed any time the market is open.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Continuously compounded return

Output: The natural logarithm of 1 plus the holding period return, or equivalently, the natural logarithm of the ending price over the beginning price.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Contra account

Output: An account that offsets another account.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Contribution margin

Output: The amount available for fixed costs and profit after paying variable costs; revenue minus variable costs.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Controlling interest

Output: An investment where the investor exerts control over the investee, typically by having a greater than 50 percent ownership in the investee.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Convenience yield

Output: The nonmonetary return offered by an asset when the asset is in short supply, often associated with assets with seasonal production processes.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Conventional cash flow

Output: A conventional cash flow pattern is one with an initial outflow followed by a series of inflows.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Convergence

Output: In technical analysis, a term that describes the case when an indicator moves in the same manner as the security being analyzed.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Conversion factor

Output: An adjustment used to facilitate delivery on bond futures contracts in which any of a number of bonds with different characteristics are eligible for delivery.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Convertible debt

Output: Debt with the added feature that the bond- holder has the option to exchange the debt for equity at prespecified terms.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Convertible preference shares

Output: A type of equity security that entitles shareholders to convert their shares into a specified number of common shares.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cooperative equilibrium

Output: The outcome of a game in which the players make and share the monopoly profit.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Core inflation rate

Output: A measure of inflation based on the core CPI—the CPI excluding food and fuel.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Corporate governance

Output: The system of principles, policies, procedures, and clearly defined responsibilities and accountabilities used by stakeholders to overcome the conflicts of interest inherent in the corporate form.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Corporate raider

Output: A person or organization seeking to profit by acquiring a company and reselling it, or seeking to profit from the takeover attempt itself (e.g. greenmail).

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Corporation

Output: A legal entity with rights similar to those of a person. The chief officers, executives, or top managers act as agents for the firm and are legally entitled to authorize corporate activities and to enter into contracts on behalf of the business.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Correlation

Output: A number between +1 and -1 that measures the co- movement (linear association) between two random variables.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Correlation analysis

Output: The analysis of the strength of the linear relationship between two data series.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Correlation coefficient

Output: A number between –1 and +1 that measures the consistency or tendency for two investments to act in a similar way. It is used to determine the effect on portfolio risk when two assets are combined.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cost averaging

Output: The periodic investment of a fixed amount of money.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cost of capital

Output: The rate of return that suppliers of capital require as compensation for their contribution of capital.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cost of carry

Output: The cost associated with holding some asset, including financing, storage, and insurance costs. Any yield received on the asset is treated as a negative carrying cost.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cost of carry model

Output: A model for pricing futures contracts in which the futures price is determined by adding the cost of carry to the spot price.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cost of debt

Output: The cost of debt financing to a company, such as when it issues a bond or takes out a bank loan.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cost of goods sold

Output: For a given period, equal to beginning inventory minus ending inventory plus the cost of goods acquired or produced during the period.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cost of preferred stock

Output: The cost to a company of issuing preferred stock; the dividend yield that a company must commit to pay preferred stockholders.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cost recovery method

Output: A method of revenue recognition in which the seller does not report any profit until the cash amounts paid by the buyer—including principal and interest on any financing from the seller—are greater than all the seller’s costs for the merchandise sold.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cost structure

Output: The mix of a company’s variable costs and fixed costs.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cost-push inflation

Output: An inflation that results from an initial increase in costs.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Council of Economic Advisers

Output: The President’s council whose main work is to monitor the economy and keep the President and the public well informed about the current state of the economy and the best available forecasts of where it is heading.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Counterparty risk

Output: The risk that the other party to a contract will fail to honor the terms of the contract.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Coupon rate

Output: The interest rate promised in a contract; this is the rate used to calculate the periodic interest payments.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Covariance

Output: A measure of the co-movement (linear association) between two random variables.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Covariance matrix

Output: A matrix or square array whose entries are covariances; also known as a variance–covariance matrix.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Covariance stationary

Output: Describes a time series when its expected value and variance are constant and finite in all periods and when its covariance with itself for a fixed number of periods in the past or future is constant and finite in all periods.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Covered call

Output: An option strategy involving the holding of an asset and sale of a call on the asset.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Covered interest arbitrage

Output: A transaction executed in the foreign exchange market in which a currency is purchased (sold) and a forward contract is sold (purchased) to lock in the exchange rate for future delivery of the currency. This transaction should earn the risk-free rate of the investor’s home country.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Credit

Output: With respect to double-entry accounting, a credit records increases in liability, owners’ equity, and revenue accounts or decreases in asset accounts; with respect to borrowing, the willingness and ability of the borrower to make promised payments on the borrowing.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Credit analysis

Output: The evaluation of credit risk; the evaluation of the creditworthiness of a borrower or counterparty.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Credit derivatives

Output: A contract in which one party has the right to claim a payment from another party in the event that a specific credit event occurs over the life of the contract.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Credit risk or default risk

Output: The risk of loss caused by a counter- party’s or debtor’s failure to make a promised payment.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Credit scoring model

Output: A statistical model used to classify borrowers according to creditworthiness.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Credit spread option

Output: An option on the yield spread on a bond.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Credit swap

Output: A type of swap transaction used as a credit derivative in which one party makes periodic payments to the other and receives the promise of a payoff if a third party defaults.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Credit VAR, Default VAR, or Credit at Risk

Output: A variation of VAR that reflects credit risk.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Credit-linked notes

Output: Fixed-income securities in which the holder of the security has the right to withhold payment of the full amount due at maturity if a credit event occurs.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Credit-worthiness

Output: The perceived ability of the borrower to pay what is owed on the borrowing in a timely manner; it represents the ability of a company to withstand adverse impacts on its cash flows.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cross elasticity of demand

Output: The responsiveness of the demand for a good to a change in the price of a substitute or complement, other things remaining the same. It is calculated as the percentage change in the quantity demanded of the good divided by the percentage change in the price of the substitute or complement.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Crossing networks

Output: Trading systems that match buyers and sellers who are willing to trade at prices obtained from other markets.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cross-product netting

Output: Netting the market values of all contracts, not just derivatives, between parties.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cross-sectional analysis

Output: Analysis that involves comparisons across individuals in a group over a given time period or at a given point in time.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cross-sectional data

Output: Observations over individual units at a point in time, as opposed to time-series data.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Crowding-out effect

Output: The tendency for a government budget deficit to decrease investment.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cumulative distribution function

Output: A function giving the probability that a random variable is less than or equal to a specified value.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cumulative preference shares

Output: Preference shares for which any dividends that are not paid accrue and must be paid in full before dividends on common shares can be paid.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cumulative relative frequency

Output: For data grouped into intervals, the fraction of total observations that are less than the value of the upper limit of a stated interval.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cumulative voting

Output: Voting that allows shareholders to direct their total voting rights to specific candidates, as opposed to having to allocate their voting rights evenly among all candidates.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Currency

Output: The notes and coins held by individuals and businesses.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Currency drain ratio

Output: The ratio of currency to deposits.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Currency forward

Output: A forward contract in which the underlying is a foreign currency.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Currency option

Output: An option that allows the holder to buy (if a call) or sell (if a put) an underlying currency at a fixed exercise rate, expressed as an exchange rate.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Currency swap

Output: A swap in which each party makes interest payments to the other in different currencies.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Current assets, or liquid assets

Output: Assets that are expected to be consumed or converted into cash in the near future, typically one year or less.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Current cost

Output: With reference to assets, the amount of cash or cash equivalents that would have to be paid to buy the same or an equivalent asset today; with reference to liabilities, the undiscounted amount of cash or cash equivalents that would be required to settle the obligation today.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Current credit risk

Output: The risk associated with the possibility that a payment currently due will not be made.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Current exchange rate

Output: For accounting purposes, the spot exchange rate on the balance sheet date.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Current liabilities

Output: Short-term obligations, such as accounts payable, wages payable, or accrued liabilities, that are expected to be settled in the near future, typically one year or less.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Current rate method

Output: Approach to translating foreign currency financial statements for consolidation in which all assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange rate. The current rate method is the prevalent method of translation.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Current ratio

Output: A liquidity ratio calculated as current assets divided by current liabilities.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Current taxes payable

Output: Tax expenses that have been recognized and recorded on a company’s income statement but which have not yet been paid.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cyclical company

Output: A company whose profits are strongly correlated with the strength of the overall economy.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cyclical stock

Output: The shares (stock) of a company whose earnings have above-average sensitivity to the business cycle.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cyclical surplus or deficit

Output: The actual surplus or deficit minus the structural surplus or deficit.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [Call] Cyclical unemployment

Output: The fluctuating unemployment over the business cycle.

CFA Level I - 2011 - Glossary Part 02 (C) Flashcards - Cram.com

An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.


Input: [1] Net worth [2]

Output: Assets-liabilities=networth

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] OTC Market [2]

Output: Over-The-Counter, made up of computer terminals around the US allowing trades to be made.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Debt Security [2]

Output: usually acquired by buying a company's bonds.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Debt investment [2]

Output: a loan to a company in exchange for interest income and the promise to repay the loan at a future maturity date. It does not confer ownership

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] stock [2]

Output: primary means of raising capital. A company issues stock, each represents an owners right to a share of the company.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Common Stock [2]

Output: Authorized issued outstanding treasury

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Authorized stock [2]

Output: the amount of stock authorized to issue or sell.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] outstanding stock [2]

Output: the amount of shares a company has issued but has not repurchased. That is investor owned.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Treasury Stock [2]

Output: stock that has been repurchased from the public. Corporation can hold stock indefinitely or can reissue or retire it.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] book value [2]

Output: the amount a stockholder would expect to receive if the company was liquidated.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] market price [2]

Output: the price someone would have to pay to purchase stock from a company.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] voting rights [2]

Output: common stockholders may vote on certain matters related to the corporation in which he holds stock. The amount of stock held determines how much voting power he has.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Statutory Voting [2]

Output: Allows a stockholder to cast one vote per share owned for each item on a ballot, such as candidates for the BOD. A board candidate needs simple majority to be elected.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cumulative Voting [2]

Output: Allows stockholders to allocate their total votes in any manner they choose.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] proxy [2]

Output: a form of absentee ballot. Allows stockholders to vote even if they can't attend a board meeting.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Proxy Solicitation [2]

Output: When a company sends proxies to shareholders, usually for a specific meeting.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] SEC [2]

Output: Securities and Exchange Commission.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Preemptive rights [2]

Output: The right to maintain the same percentage of stock owned in a corporation if they decide to issue more stock.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Stock splits [2]

Output: When a corporation wants to raise or lower the stock price per share and adjust the price so that stockholders ownership percentage stays the same.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Forward splits [2]

Output: increases the number of shares and and reduce the price.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Reverse split [2]

Output: decreases number of shares and increases price per share.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] short sale [2]

Output: Selling shares before owning them with the intent of buying them back at a lower price in the future.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] capital appreciation [2]

Output: an invrease in the market price of shares

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cash dividends [2]

Output: a corporation may pay regular dividends to stockholders. Depending on whether the company is profitable the dividends may increase or may stop being paid.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Stock Dividends [2]

Output: Issuers may also pay stock dividends instead of cash.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] prefered stock [2]

Output: has features of equity and debt securities. Preferred stock is an equity security because it represents ownershipo in the corporation. Like a bond it also offers a fixed-income with a fixed-dividend. Receives dividends before common stockholders, also if company goes bankrupt they have priority over common stock.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Fixed Dividend [2]

Output: A key attraction for income-oriented investors.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cumulative preferred [2]

Output: dividends that are missed cumulate until the company may resume dividend payments plus the ones that were missed to cumulative preferred.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] participating preferred [2]

Output: in addition to fixed dividends, participating preferred stock offers its owners a share of corporate profits that remain after all dividends and interest due other securities are paid.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] callable preferred [2]

Output: allows the corporation to buy back from investors at a stated price after a specified date. This allows company's to replace higher fixed dividends with a lower one.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Street Name [2]

Output: If shares are held in street name this means that the shares are held in the brokerage account in the firms name to facilitate payments and delivery.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Current Yield [2]

Output: Current Yield or dividend yield is the annual dividend(normally four times a year) divided by the current market value of the stock.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] stock certificate [2]

Output: indicates the shares of a corporation a person owns. The amount of shares listed on the certificate are most likely divisable by 100.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] CUSIP numbers [2]

Output: A Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures- A universal security identification number. each issue of stock has one.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Transfer Agent [2]

Output: Responsible for 1. Ensuring that its securities are issued in the correct owner's name. 2. canceling old and issuing new certificates 3. maintaining records of ownership. 4. handling problems relating to lost, stolen, or destroyed certificates.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Registrar [2]

Output: Ensures that a corporation does not have more shares outstanding than have been authorized. Also responsible for certifying that a bond represents a legal debt of the issuer. Must be independent of the issuing corporation and is usually a bank or a trust company.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Ex Date [2]

Output: two days before the record date. The ex date is the cut off for someone to qualify someone to receive the dividend.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Declaration Date [2]

Output: 10 days before the record date, when a corporation declares a divident payment.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Record date [2]

Output: On the record date all stockholders on record receive a dividend.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Payable date [2]

Output: 3-4 weeks after the record date a disbursing agent sends dividends via check.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] subscription rights [2]

Output: a certificate that represents a short-term privilage to buy additional shares of a corporation.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] warrant [2]

Output: certificate granting its owner the right to purchase securities from the issuer at a specific price. Usually a long term instrument, giving the investor the choice of buying at a later date.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ADR's [2]

Output: American Depositary Receipts facilite the trading of foreign stocks in US markets. ADR's have currency risk

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] REIT [2]

Output: Real Estate Investment Trusts are company's that manage a portfolio of real estate investments in order to earn profits for shareholders. Traded publicly and serve as a source of long-term financing for real estate projects.

Ch. 1 Series 7 Equity Securities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the study of the production, transmission, and reception of speech sounds [1]

Output: phonetics


Input: [2] a study of the sounds in any language [1]

Output: phonology


Input: [2] the regionally neutral, prestige accent of British English [1]

Output: Received pronunciation


Input: [2] the study of linguistic meaning [1]

Output: semantics


Input: [2] a set of words which form a grammatically complete statement, usually containing a subject, verb, and object [1]

Output: sentence


Input: [2] a figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another, using 'like' or 'as' [1]

Output: simile


Input: [2] a dialect representing English speech and writing comprehensible to most users [1]

Output: Standard English


Input: [2] the arrangement of parts or ideas in a piece of writing [1]

Output: structure


Input: [2] an object which represents something other than itself [1]

Output: symbol


Input: [2] a word that means (almost) the same as another [1]

Output: synonym


Input: [2] the arrangement of words to show relationshiops of meaning within a sentence [1]

Output: syntax


Input: [2] the form taken by a verb to indicate time (as in past-present-future) [1]

Output: tense


Input: [2] any piece of writing or object being studied [1]

Output: text


Input: [2] an author's or speaker's attitude, as revealed in 'quality of voice' or 'selection of language' [1]

Output: tone


Input: [2] a term expressing action or state of being [1]

Output: verb


Input: [2] the particular selection of types of words chosen in speech or writing [1]

Output: vocabulary


Input: [2] the open sounds made in speech a, e, i, o and u [1]

Output: vowel


Input: Thyroglobulin and Chemistry of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine Formation Formation and Secretion of Thyroglobulin by the Thyroid Cells

Output: Oxidation of the Iodide Ion

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Iodination of Tyrosine and Formation of the Thyroid Hormones-"Organification" of Thyroglobulin

Output: Storage of Thyroglobulin

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Release of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine from the Thyroid Gland

Output: Daily Rate of Secretion of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Transport of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine to Tissues Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine Are Bound to Plasma Proteins

Output: Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine Are Released Slowly to Tissue Cells

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Thyroid Hormones Have Slow Onset and Long Duration of Action

Output: Thyroid Hormones Activate Nuclear Receptors

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Thyroid Hormones Increase the Number and Activity of Mitochondria

Output: Thyroid Hormones Increase Active Transport of Ions through Cell Membranes

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Effect of Thyroid Hormone on Growth

Output: Effects of Thyroid Hormone on Specific Bodily Mechanisms Stimulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Stimulation of Fat Metabolism

Output: Effect on Plasma and Liver Fats

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Increased Requirement for Vitamins

Output: Increased Basal Metabolic Rate

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Decreased Body Weight

Output: Effect of Thyroid Hormones on the Cardiovascular System Increased Blood Flow and Cardiac Output Increased Heart Rate Increased Heart Strength Normal Arterial Pressure

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Increased Gastrointestinal Motility

Output: Increased Respiration

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Excitatory Effects on the Central Nervous System Effect on Sleep

Output: Effect on the Function of the Muscles Muscle Tremor

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Effect on Other Endocrine Glands

Output: Effect of Thyroid Hormone on Sexual Function

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion

Output: Antithyroid Substances Suppress Thyroid Secretion

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Causes of Hyperthyroidism

Output: Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Diagnostic Tests for Hyperthyroidism

Output: Physiology of Treatment in Hyperthyroidism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Hypothyroidism

Output: Diagnostic Tests in Hypothyroidism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Treatment of Hypothyroidism

Output: Atherosclerosis in Hypothyroidism

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: Cretinism

Output: Myxedema

76 Thyroid Metabolic Hormones Flashcards - Cram.com

Iodide Pump-the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (Iodide Trapping)


Input: When homeostasis breaks down, organ systems cannot perform their functions and disease or death may occur.

Output: What happens to the body when homeostasis breaks down?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Positive feedback increases any change from the desired condition, so it is helpful in situations that need to be resolved quickly (such as a bleeding wound) but it would be dangerous for the regulation of body temperature. If a slight fever occured, the body temperature would continue to rise quickly into dangerous levels.

Output: Why is positive feedback helpful in blood clotting, but unsuitable for the regulation of body temperature?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: histology

Output: The study of the structure of tissue is called...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: positive feedback

Output: The increasingly forceful labor contractions during childbirth are an example of...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: disease

Output: Failure of homeostatic regulation in the body results in...


Input: Anatomy is the study of the internal and external structures and the relationships between body parts.

Output: Define anatomy

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Physiology is the study of how organisms perform their vital functions.

Output: Define physiology

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Autoregulation is more local. Cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems change automatically in response to environmental change. Extrinsic regulation is controlled by the nervous or endocrine system and results in more extensive responses.

Output: What distinguishes autoregulation from extrinsic regulation?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus.

Output: Which is NOT an example of negative feedback?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: They lower.

Output: A hormone is released in response to increased levels of calcium in the blood. This is controlled by negative feedback. What happens to the calcium levels?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Hormones may have decreased the metabolic rate, therefore decreasing heat. Or an infection has temporarily changed the setpoint of the body's "thermostat."

Output: On a warm day your body temperature is 1.5 degrees below normal. Why?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: 1. Polar covalent bonds hold atoms together. 2. Hydrogen bonds attract water molecules to one another.

Output: Which kind of bond holds atoms in a water molecule together? What attracts water molecules to one another?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Because table salt disassociates into charged ions in water, which carry electrical charges. Sugar does not disassociate in water because it is held together with covalent bonds.

Output: Why does a solution of table salt conduct electricity, but a sugar solution does not?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Antacids are weak bases that help neutralize an overly acidic stomach.

Output: How does an antacid help decrease stomach discomfort?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: They are carbohydrates and they are mainly used as an energy source.

Output: A food contains organic molecules with the elements C, H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1. What class of compounds do these molecules belong to, and what are their major functions in the body?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Disaccharides are formed.

Output: When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction, which types of molecules are formed?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: A triglyceride

Output: Which kind of lipid would be found in a sample of fatty tissue taken from beneath the skin?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Mostly phospholipids, but also glycolipids and cholesterol.

Output: Which lipids would you find in a human cell membrane?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Amino acids

Output: Proteins are chains of which small organic molecules?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: The secondary level

Output: Which level of protein structure would be affected by an agent that breaks hydrogen bonds?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: The heat breaks the bonds that form the tertiary and/or quaternary structure. This affects the ability of the protein to perform its normal functions. It's called denaturation.

Output: Why does boiling a protein affect its structural and functional properties?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: If the substrate fits better, the enzyme activity would increase. If the substrate can no longer bind or binds poorly, enzyme activity will decrease or be inhibited.

Output: How might a change in an enzyme's active site affect its function?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: It is an RNA molecule. DNA contains deoxyribose instead of ribose.

Output: A large organic molecule composed of the sugar ribose, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate groups is which kind of nucleic acid?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: ATP

Output: What molecule is produced by the phosphorylation of ADP?


Input: calcium (they contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen)

Output: All organic compounds in the human body contain all of the following elements except...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: metabolism

Output: All the chemical reactions that occur in the human body are collectively referred to as...


Input: alkalosis (normal human pH range is 7.35-7.45)

Output: A pH of 7.8 in the human body typifies a condition called....

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: acid, base

Output: A ___ is a solute that dissociates to release hydrogen ions, and a ___ is a solute that removes hydrogen ions from solution.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: enzymes

Output: Chemical reactions in the human body are controlled by special catalytic molecules called...


Input: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Output: What 4 major classes of organic compounds are found in the body?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogenous bases (ATCG) Ribose, phosphate, nitrogenous bases (AUCG)

Output: What 3 basic components make up DNA? And RNA?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Adenosine, phoshpate groups, and appropriate enzymes

Output: What 3 components are required to create the high-energy compound ATP?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: They are specialized protein catalysts that lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction. They speed up reactions but are not used up or changed in the process.

Output: Explain how enzymes function in chemical reactions.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: An ionic compound consisting of any cations other than Hydrogen and any anions other than Hydroxide. Acids release Hydrogen ions and bases remove Hydrogen ions (usually by releasing Hydroxide)

Output: What is a salt? How does a salt differ from an acid or base?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Nonpolar covalent bonds have an equal sharing of electrons. Polar covalent bonds have an unequal sharing of electrons. Ionic bonds lose and/or gain electrons.

Output: Explain the differences between nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and ionic bonds.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: the ability of water to dissolve nonpolar substances (it does include the high boiling point and low freezing point of water, the ability to dissolve inorganic salts, and the surface tension of water)

Output: The hydrogen bonding that occurs in water is responsible for all of the following except...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Nucleic acid. Carbs & lipids don't have nitrogen. Proteins have nitrogen, but only nucleic acids usually have phosphorus.

Output: A sample that contains an organic molecule has the following constituents: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Is it more likely to be a carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: The equilibrium will shift to the left, and the level of H(+) will decrease. This will cause the pH to rise.

Output: A buffer system involves carbon dioxide CO2 and bicarbonate ion HCO3- in the reaction CO2+H20>H2CO3>H(+)+HCO3- If a person becomes excited and exhales large amounts of CO2, how will the pH of the person's body be affected?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: the phospholipid bilayer

Output: Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its ability to form a physical barrier between the cell's internal and external environments?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: channel proteins

Output: Which type of integral protein allows water and small ions to pass through the cell membrane?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: They are microvilli and they increase the cell's surface area to improve absorption

Output: Cells lining the small intestine have numerous finger-like projections on their free surface. What are these structures and what is there function?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: SER synthesizes lipids such as steroids. They produce large amounts of steroid hormones.

Output: Cells in the ovaries and testes contain large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Why?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: high demand for energy, mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP molecules

Output: What does the presence of many mitochondria imply about a cell's energy requirements?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: 1. Cellularity 2. Polarity 3. Attachment 4. Avascularity 5. Regeneration

Output: 5 important characteristics of epithelial tissue are...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: absorption

Output: Epithelial surface with a lot of microvilli. What is its probable function?


Input: small molecules and ions can pass from cell to cell. Helps coordinate functions

Output: What is the functional significance of gap junctions?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: holocrine secretion

Output: The secretory cells of sebacous glands fill with secretions and then rupture, releasing their contents. Which mode of secretion is this?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: endocrine gland

Output: A gland has no ducts to carry the glandular secretions, and the gland's secretions are released directly into the extracellular fluid. Which type of gland is this?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: weak and prone to damage, collagen provides strength to connective tissue

Output: Lack of vitamin C in the diet interferes with the ability of fibroblasts to produce collagen. What effect might this have on connective tissue?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: adipose (fat) tissue

Output: Which type of connective tissue contains primarily triglycerides?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: selectively permeable

Output: Cell membranes are said to be...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Output: The organelle responsible for a variety of functions centering around the synthesis of lipids and carbs is

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Output: Our somatic cell nuclei contain ___ pairs of chromosomes


Input: 1. Physical isolation 2. Regulation of exchange with the env. 3. Sensitivity 4. Structural support

Output: What are 4 general functions of the cell membrane?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: in cells that are actively engaged in absorption

Output: Microvilli are found...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: tissues

Output: Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a relatively limited number of functions are called...


Input: connective

Output: Matrix is a characteristic of which type of tissue?


Input: establishing a structural framework for the body & providing protection for delicate organs

Output: Functions of connective tissue include

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: neural tissue

Output: Axons, dendrites, and a cell body are characteristic of cells located in...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Endocrine secrete hormones onto the surface of the gland or directly into the surrounding fluid. Exocrine secrete via ducts.

Output: Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine

Output: What 3 methods do the glands use to secrete their products?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: they block the passage of water and solutes between the cells, they keep enzymes, acids, and waste products from damaging delicate underlying tissues

Output: Why are the tight junctions near the exposed surfaces of cells lining the digestive tract important?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: They have a liquid, watery matrix. They have many soluble proteins and do not have insoluble fibers.

Output: Describe the fluid connective tissues in the body. Compare them with supporting connective tissues. What are the main differences?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Apocrine would have cell membrane components, merocrine wouldn't

Output: How could you tell the difference between an apocrine and a merocrine secretion?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: Nucleus contains DNA, which codes for polypeptide and protein production. Some proteins are structural, some are enzymes, which control all the cell's activities

Output: How does the nucleus control the activities of the cell?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: The cell would not be able to transcribe RNA from DNA

Output: What process would be affected by the lack of the enzyme RNA polymerase?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: GAG-UAU-GCU-AAG-UUC-AAU 6 amino acids

Output: Which nucleotide sequence would the complementary mRNA strand have from this DNA strand: CTC-ATA-CGA-TTC-AAG-TTA. How many amino acids are coded?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: the stratum corneum

Output: Shedding of cells from the oter layer of skin on the scalp come from which epidermal layer?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: the stratum granulosum

Output: A splinter in the 3rd layer of the epidermis is in which layer?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: fresh water is hypotonic, so it moves into the cells by osmosis

Output: Why does swimming in fresh water for an extended period cause epidermal swelling?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: the ridges are formed in layers that are constantly regenerated, so they will reappear eventually, the patterns come from the dermis

Output: Does sanding the figertips permanently remove fingerprints? Why or why not?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: UV radiation causes melanocytes to produce melanin, darkening the skin

Output: Why does exposure to sunlight or sunlamps darken skin?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: blood is delivered to the superficial dermis to eliminate heat

Output: Why does the skin of a fair-skinned person appear red during exercise in hot weather?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: the hormone cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is needed to form healthy bones and teeth, UV light begins the synthesis of it

Output: Why do people who don't get any sunlight have problems with their bones?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: in the papillary layer of the dermis

Output: Where are the capillaries and sensory neurons that supply the epidermis located?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: elastic fibers and the resilience of skin turgor allow the dermis to stretch and recoil

Output: What accounts for the ability of the dermis to undergo repeated stretching?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: the cutaneous membrane and the accessory structures

Output: The 2 major components of the integumentary system are...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: germinativum, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

Output: Begin at the basal lamina and toward the surface... the layers are

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: synthesis of vitamin C

Output: Which is not a function of the integumentary system

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: can result in damage to the DNA of cells in the stratum germinativum

Output: Exposure of the skin to UV light...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: papillary layer and reticular layer

Output: The 2 major components of the dermis are the...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: a network of arteries providing the dermal blood supply

Output: The cutaneous plexus and papillary plexus consist of...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: eponychium

Output: The stratum corneum of the nail root, which extends over the exposed nail, is called the...


Input: vitamin D3 production

Output: Muscle weakness and a reduction in bone strength in the elderly result from decreased...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: stratum germinativum

Output: In which layer(s) of the epidermis does cell division occur?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: papillary layer- loose connective tissue, capillaries, sensory neurons reticular layer- dense irregular connective tissue & bundles of collagen fibers Both contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, & nerve fibers

Output: What 2 major layers constitute the dermis and what components are in each layer?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: they pass through the permeability membrane better, water-soluble drugs are hydrophobic and don't penetrate the barrier easily

Output: In clinical practice, drugs can be delivered by diffusion across the skin (transdermal administration). Why are fat-soluble drugs more suitable for this than water soluble?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: melanin helps prevent skin damage by absorbing UV radiation before it reaches deep layers or damages nuclear DNA

Output: What are the benefits of a tan?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: the more melanin their melanocytes produce

Output: The darker an individual's skin color...

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: penetration to the level of the capillaries

Output: In order for bacteria to cause an infection in the skin, what don't they have to accomplish?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: UV radiation converts a cholesterol related steroid into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), this is then converted into calcitrol, which is needed for calcium and phosphorus absorption

Output: What does sunlight do to promote bone maintenance and growth?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: they can drink milk, which is fortified with cholecalciferol

Output: What can be done if a child can't get enough sunlight to minimize impaired maintenance and growth of bone?

BIOL 223 Exam 1 Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Why is homeostatic regulation important to humans?


Input: [A-B Design] A-B-A Design

Output: An experimental design consisting of an initial baseline until stable, a treatment condition until behavior changed and steady responding and return to baseline by withdrawing IV to see if responding reverses to levels observed in initial baseline

Research Flaschards Flashcards - Cram.com

A single subject design consisting of a baseline phase where the IV hasn't been introduced and an intervention phase where the IV was introduced. It doesn't demonstrate a functional relation and susceptible to extraneous variables.


Input: [A-B Design] A-B-A-B Design

Output: An experimental design consisting of initial baseline, an initial intervention (treatment implemented until behavior has changed adn steady responding), return to baseline, return to intervention to see if initial treatment effects are replicated

Research Flaschards Flashcards - Cram.com

A single subject design consisting of a baseline phase where the IV hasn't been introduced and an intervention phase where the IV was introduced. It doesn't demonstrate a functional relation and susceptible to extraneous variables.


Input: [A-B Design] A-B-C Design

Output: An experimental design consisting of a baseline phase, a treatment phase, and a phase with a different treatment.

Research Flaschards Flashcards - Cram.com

A single subject design consisting of a baseline phase where the IV hasn't been introduced and an intervention phase where the IV was introduced. It doesn't demonstrate a functional relation and susceptible to extraneous variables.


Input: [A-B Design] Alternating Treatment Design

Output: An experimental design in which 2 or more conditions are presented in rapidly alternation succession (1 phase may be control) independent of level of responding.

Research Flaschards Flashcards - Cram.com

A single subject design consisting of a baseline phase where the IV hasn't been introduced and an intervention phase where the IV was introduced. It doesn't demonstrate a functional relation and susceptible to extraneous variables.


Input: [A-B Design] Applied Research

Output: Research designed to solve socially significant problems

Research Flaschards Flashcards - Cram.com

A single subject design consisting of a baseline phase where the IV hasn't been introduced and an intervention phase where the IV was introduced. It doesn't demonstrate a functional relation and susceptible to extraneous variables.


Input: [A-B Design] Arbitrary Matching to Sample

Output: Extra Credit:

Research Flaschards Flashcards - Cram.com

A single subject design consisting of a baseline phase where the IV hasn't been introduced and an intervention phase where the IV was introduced. It doesn't demonstrate a functional relation and susceptible to extraneous variables.


Input: [A-B Design] Ascending Trend

Output: An increasing data path

Research Flaschards Flashcards - Cram.com

A single subject design consisting of a baseline phase where the IV hasn't been introduced and an intervention phase where the IV was introduced. It doesn't demonstrate a functional relation and susceptible to extraneous variables.


Input: [A-B Design] B-A-B Design

Output: A three phase experimental design that begins with the treatment phase (IV), then treatment is withdrawn, and then the treatment (IV) is reintroduced.

Research Flaschards Flashcards - Cram.com

A single subject design consisting of a baseline phase where the IV hasn't been introduced and an intervention phase where the IV was introduced. It doesn't demonstrate a functional relation and susceptible to extraneous variables.