Input: [Fibrocartilage] Lift the pharynx and allow the bolus to move down.

Output: What is the action of the pharyngeal muscles?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] To allow a smooth transition for the continuous movement of food and so there aren’t any places that food can get stuck.

Output: Why are the pharyngeal constrictors nested?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The superior constrictor, because it shares its attachment (origin) with the buccinators at the pterygomandibular raphe.

Output: Which pharyngeal constrictor is the most important to dentists and why?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The median pharyngeal raphe.

Output: Where do all three pharyngeal constrictors insert?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Middle: Hyoid bone and styloid ligament, Inferior: Thyroid and Cricoid cartilages.

Output: Where do the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors originate?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The fibers from the inferior pharyngeal constrictor are continuous with the esophagus and acts as a sphincter to open during swallowing.

Output: Give an example of a physiological sphincter

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] It prevents acid reflux and Barrett’s esophagus (epithelial dysplasia)

Output: Why is the physiological sphincter above so important?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] One: between the skull and superior constrictor, Two: Between the superior and middle constrictors, Three: between the middle and inferior constrictor and Four: between the inferior constrictor and the esophagus.

Output: Where are the gaps in between the muscles of the pharynx?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The auditory tube, Levator palate, and the ascending palantine branch of the facial artery.

Output: What structures are located in the 1st pharyngeal muscle gap?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The stylopharyngeus and the glossalpharyngeal nerve. That they run together makes sense b/c this nerve innervates this muscle.

Output: What structures are found in the 2nd pharyngeal muscle gap?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Internal laryngeal branch of X and the superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery

Output: What structures go through the 3rd pharyngeal muscle group?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The recurrent Laryngeal N. and the inferior branch of the inferior thyroid artery.

Output: What structures run through pharyngeal gap 4?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The recurrent laryngeal or a branch of this nerve called the inferior laryngeal nerve.

Output: What innervates the majority of the muscles of the Larynx?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] All come via the pharyngeal plexus except the stylopharygeus (CN IX)

Output: Where does motor innervations to the pharynx come through?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The palate and pharyngeal roof come from V2 via the lesser palatine and the pharyngeal branches. Most of the remainder comes from IX. The area of the laryngeal inlet is pharyngeal plexus. These all do pain, pressure, distension, and temp.

Output: Where does sensory innervations of the pharynx come from?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] It is between the mandible and the trachea, hanging off the hyoid bone to form the adams apple which has no function.

Output: Where is the Larynx?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Near the horn of the thyroid cartilage.

Output: At what level does the Common carotid bifurcate?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] It does sensory only.

Output: What does the internal laryngeal n.carry through the thyrohyoid membrane?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The hyoid bone, the thyroid cartilage, and the cricoids cartilage.

Output: What are the three major components of the larynx from top to bottom?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] To avoid injury to the vocal cords.

Output: Why is it best to perform a tracheotomy below the second ring of the trachea?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] They rotate to change the length of the vocal cords. (voice tone)

Output: What do the Arytenoids do?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] They are pyramidal and sit on the cricoids cartilage and rotate.

Output: Where are the Arytenoids found?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] These ventricular fold are the last option to protect the true vocal folds.

Output: What is the function of the false vocal cords?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Fibroelastic and anteroposterior.

Output: What type of tissue are the vocal folds made of and what direction do they run?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The vestibule above the vestibular fold, the ventricle between the vestibular fold and the vocal fold and the Infraglottic space below the vocal folds.

Output: What are the 3 tracheal spaces from top to bottom?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The Rima Gottidis

Output: What is the name for the aperture between the vocal folds?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The Rima Vestibuli

Output: What is the name of the aperture between the vestibular folds?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The Rima Glottidis

Output: What should you inspect to ensure proper functioning of the vocal folds?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The arytenoids and the thyroid cartilage.

Output: What two cartilaginous structures are connected via the vocal ligament/fold?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] They move the larynx as a whole and include the supra and infrahyoid muscles.

Output: What do the extrinsic laryngeal muscles do and what muscles do they include?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] To move the cartilage parts of the larynx.

Output: What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The oblique and transverse arytenoids, the posterior cricoarytenoids, the aryepiglottidis, the Thyroarytenoid, the lateral cricoarytenoid, and the cricothyroid.

Output: What are the 7 intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The pharyngeal plexus specifically the cricothyroid is innervated by fibers that travel on the external Laryngeal branch and all the others via fibers off the recurrent laryngeal branch…(specifically the inferior branch of the recurrent)

Output: What innervates the intrinsic muscles of the Larynx?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Above: the vocal fold/rima glottidis via the interna branch of the superior laryngeal. Below: via the recurrent laryngeal.

Output: Sensory innervations of the larynx?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Testosterone

Output: What can loosen the CT in the vocal folds and lower the tone of the voice?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Loss of gag reflex, Dysphagia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and the palate and uvula will deviate toward the normal side.

Output: What are some possible effects to the pharynx and larynx due to damage to CN IX?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Flaccid soft palate, Unilateral paralysis of pharyngeal constrictors, and a twang in the voice.

Output: What effect can nerve damage to the vagus have on the palate, larynx, and pharynx?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Ipsilateral vocal cord is abducted, dysphonia (often reduced to a whisper), and other sensory deficits.

Output: What are some effects on the palate/pharynx/larynx from nerve damage to the accessory nerve?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] You might cut the thyroid gland, but it is an endocrine gland and secretes into it’s lateral blood supply. The parathyroids are lateral. The Thyroid Ima Vein is on the midline, but not crucial to survival….

Output: Why do few long term problems occur when inserting an airway on the midline?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] You insert between the thyroid and cricoids cartilage.

Output: Where do you incise to perform a cricothyrotomy?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] You insert the tube facing down and preferable enter below the second tracheal ring.

Output: How do you attempt to protect the vocal folds during a tracheotomy or cricothyrotomy?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The division is very thin and it could be damaged with too much pressure.

Output: What is a potential problem between the orbit and the maxillary sinus?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Roof: Frontal bone, and lesser wing of the Sphenoid, Medial: Ethmoid and Lacrimal bones, Lateral: frontal process of the zygomatic bone, and greater wing of the sphenoid. Inferior: Maxilla, Posterior: the lesser wing of the Sphenoid at the optic canal.

Output: What are the borders of the orbit?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The Canthus

Output: What is the area where the eyelids meet called?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The mucous membrane lining the eyelids and sclera of the anterior surface of the eye. Helps to protect the eye from bacteria and viruses and also produces some mucus and tears.

Output: What is the Conjunctiva?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] It is superolateral to the eye.

Output: Where is the lacrimal sac located?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] CN VII toThe greater petrosal nerve to The pterygopalantine ganglion via the V2 to the zygomatic nerve to the lacrimal nerve of V1 to the lacrimal gland.

Output: What path does parasympathetic control of the lacrimal gland follow?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] They are secreted via excretory ducts to the conjunctival sac to form the lacrimal lake. The lacrimal puntum near the medial angle of the eye drain fluid via the lacrimal canaliculi to the lacrimal sac and then to the orifice in the inferior nasal meatus.

Output: What is the path of tears?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Glands of Moll (modified sweat glands to eyelashes), Glands of Zeis (modified sebaceous glands to eyelashes), and Meibomian or Tarsal glands (secrete sebaceous fluid at tarsus of each eye incorporated into tears to prevent evaporation.)

Output: Name 3 sets of glands that help to keep the eyeball moist

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Anterior: in front of the iris. Posterior: Between the iris and the lens.

Output: Where are the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye located?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] It is posterior to the lens.

Output: Where is the vitreous chamber located in the eyeball?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Glaucoma.

Output: What occurs with elevated pressure in the vitreous?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The Fibrous layer, the Vascular layer, and the inner or neuronal layer.

Output: What are the 3 general layers of the eye?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The sclera and cornea

Output: What does the fibrous layer of the eye consist of?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The choroid, Ciliary body, and iris

Output: What does the vascular layer of the eye consist of?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The retina.

Output: What makes up the inner layer of the eyeball?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The opaque part of the fibrous layer that covers 5/6 of the eye…the whites

Output: What is the Sclera?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The transparent part of the fibrous layer that cover the anterior 1/6.

Output: What is the cornea?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The dark brown or reddish layer between the sclera and retina. Lots of vessels, causes red eye from reflection in photos. Firmly attached to retina.

Output: What is the Choroid?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Structure that connects choroid with circumference of iris, provides attachment to the lens so that the ciliary muscle can shape the lens

Output: What is the ciliary body?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Aqueous humor, ciliary processes

Output: What fluid fills the anterior and posterior chambers and produces this fluid?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Through the canal of schlemm

Output: How does fluid drain from the anterior and posterior chambers?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The colored portion of the eye which regulates transmission of light

Output: What is the iris?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Optic disc

Output: What is the name for the area where the optic nerve exits the eye?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Cones

Output: Does the macula lutia contain rods or cones?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Fovea centralis in the macula lutia

Output: What is the area of highest visual acuity?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The posterior part of the eyeball

Output: What part of the eye is the fundus?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] None it’s the blind spot

Output: Which photoreceptors are in the optic disc?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Ora serrata

Output: What is the name for the anterior termination of the optic portion of the retina?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] 10-12

Output: How many retinal layers are there?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Superior oblique

Output: Which extraocular muscle is the most medial?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Lavatory palpebrae superioris

Output: What muscle sits on top of the superior rectus?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Superior oblique CN IV, lateral rectus CN VI

Output: What two extraocular muscles are not innervated by CN III?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

Output: What eye muscles are involved in abduction?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Medial rectus, superior rectus and inferior rectus

Output: What eye muscles are involved in adduction?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Inferior rectus, superior oblique

Output: Which eye muscles are depressors?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Superior rectus, inferior oblique

Output: What eye muscles are elevators?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Affected eye will have a downward and outward gaze, dilated pupil, and ptosis

Output: How will an eye appear in a pt with oculomotor nerve palsy?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Affected eye will be turned medially

Output: How will abducent nerve palsy present?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] plans voluntary eye movement not dependent on visual stimuli. Participates in fast saccadic eye movements, movement on command, movements in which eyes are searching for an object to fix on.

Output: What are the Motor eye fields involved in?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Control of eye movements in response to visual stimuli. Participates in tracking an ongoing motion. Occipital cortex also participates in vergence

Output: What are the occipital cortex and superior colliculus involved with?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Vestibulo-ocular reflexes

Output: What helps coordinate contractions of the neck musculature with the movements of the eyes?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Slide 40 in lecture

Output: What are the parts of the external ear?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Pharyngeotympanic, and eustacian tubes

Output: What are two additional names for the auditory tube?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Levator and tensor palate

Output: What 2 muscles act on the auditory tube?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Chorda tympani

Output: What nerve runs on the surface of the malleus?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Roof: tegmen tympani, floor: separates tympanic cavity from internal jugular: lateral wall: Tympanic membrane: Medial(laryrinthine) wall: initial turn of cochlea, oval and round windows, Anterior(carotid) wall: separates tympanic cavity from carotid canal, posterior: opening into mastoid antrum.

Output: What are the borders of the middle ear?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] CT that form continuous bands that surround structures within the head and neck

Output: What is the fascia?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Potential spaces which can be areas that infections or cancer can spread.

Output: What are formed between fascial layers and why are they important?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Superficial and deep

Output: What are the two divisions of fascia in the head and neck?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The superficial fascia AKA tela subutanea, the platysma is also in this layer.

Output: Which fascia contains the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] That of the pectoral and deltoid regions

Output: What other fascia is the superficial fascia continuous with inferiorly?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Muscles of facial expression and the nerves and vessels associated with them.

Output: Superiorly what does the superficial fascia surround?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Anterior and posterior triangles of the neck surrounds the muscles forming the borders of these triangles and the trapezius

Output: Which fascia covers these structures?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Investing fascia, Pretracheal fascia, prevertebral, alar fascia, carotid sheath

Output: What are the deep cervical fascias?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] (AKA visceral fascia) Majority of the viscera of the neck – thyroid glands, larynx, trachea, pharynx and esophagus. Bblends with the posterior layers of the investing fascia and covers the infrahyoid muscles

Output: What does the pretracheal fascia surround?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Prevertebral also surrounds the vertebral column itself

Output: Which fascia encases the posterior aspect of the esophagus surrounds the scalene muscles, deep muscles of the back, nerves of the brachial plexus?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The Alar fascia it extends from tip of transverse process of the vertebrae from side to side and is continuous upward from infrahyoid region to base of the skull.

Output: Which fascia is a derivative of the vertebral fascia?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Investing, alar, and pervertebral

Output: The carotid sheath is composed of outcroppings of what 3 fascias?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Common carotid, internal and external carotid arteries, ingernal jugular vein, vagus nerve and sympathetic fibers

Output: What does the carotid sheath enclose?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Pretracheal space, retropharyngeal space, parapharyngeal space, prevertebral space

Output: What are the fascial spaces of the neck?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The prevertebral space

Output: Which space is known as danger space #4?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Between the trachea and esophagus. Superior border is the attachment is where the infrahyoid muscles attach to the hyoid bone and the inferiorly it extends into the thoracic cavity.

Output: Where is the pretracheal space located?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Anterior: superior constrictor and buccopharyngeal fascia, Posterior: alar fascia, Superior: skull, Inferior mediastinum, Lateral: slip of fascia extending poteriorly from the carotid sheath, Medial: pharyngeal fascia

Output: What are the borders of the retropharyngeal space?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] They can spread to the mediastinum.

Output: Why are infections in the retropharyngeal space so dangerous?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Parapharyngeal space

Output: Which area contains the contents of the carotid sheath and deep cervical chain of lymph nodes?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Primarily to the retropharyngeal space

Output: Where do infections from the parapharyngeal space(lateral pharyngeal space) travel to?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Alar anteriorly and prevertebral posteriorly

Output: Danger space #4 lies between which two fascias?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Facial vestibule of the mandible, space of body of mandible, mentalis space, buccal space, parotid space, submandibular space, sublingual region, masticator region, infraorbital area, periorbital area and base of upper lip

Output: What are the fascial spaces located in the head and face?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Superficial temporal space, Deep temporal space, pterygomandibular space, submasseteric space

Output: What fascial spaces are included in the masticator region?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Abscesses superficial to the bone

Output: From where to infections in the facial vestibule spread from?

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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] To the buccal space

Output: Where do facial vestibule infections spread?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Sublingual, submental, buccal, mentalis, facial vestibule, and submandibular spaces

Output: Where do infections in the body of the mandible spread to?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The 4 mandibular incisors

Output: Where do infections in the mentalis space originate?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] To the submental and submandibular spaces

Output: Where do infections of the mentalis space spread to?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Maxillary or mandibular molars and from the pterygomandibular space, submasseteric space, deep and superficial temoral spaces, and the lateral pharyngeal space

Output: Where do infections in the buccal space travel from?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The location of the attachment buccinators in relation to the roots of the maxillary molars. Attachment above the root spread to vestibule common in kids. Attachment below the root spread is to the buccal space common in adults

Output: What is the spread of infection from the buccal space dependent upon?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Parotid space infections

Output: Infections in which space are not normally of odontogenic origin?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Skin, subcutaneous fascia, parapharyngeal and depp temporal spaces.

Output: Where do parotid space infections spread to?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Superficial cutaneous spaces, sublingual region and the masticator region.

Output: The submandibular space shows a possible continuity with which other spaces?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Molars which have roots below the mylohyoid muscle 3rd, 2nd, and one root of the 1st molars

Output: Submandibular infections originate in which teeth?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The myllohyoid line

Output: What is the separating line for the submandibular and sublingual spaces?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The sublingual region

Output: In which region/space is the submandibular gland located?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Mandibular teeth with roots above the mylohyoid

Output: Which teeth are the origin of infections in the sublingual space?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] 1. Via foramen ovale 2. Veins passing through the inferior orbital fissure

Output: How is the masticator region possible continuous with 1. The cavernous sinus and 2 the orbit ?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Ptyergomandibular, submasseteric and parapharyngeal spaces

Output: To which spaces to infections in the superficial temporal space spread?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The superficial temporal space.

Output: Which space has a similar pattern of spread to the deep temporal space?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] 2nd and 3rd molars

Output: In which teeth do infections in the pterygomandibular space originate?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Temporal spaces, parapharyngeal, buccal, submasseteric, infratemporal, and submandibular

Output: To which spaces do pterygomandibular space infections travel?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Submasseteric space

Output: Which potential space is even more of a potential space than the others?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Impacted 3rd molars

Output: What is the origin of infections in the submasseteric space?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Muscle is less dense in this area.

Output: What allows for an infection in the submasseteric space to cause detachment of the masseter from the ramus?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Temporal spaces and buccal space

Output: Where to infections in the submasseteric space travel to?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Retropharyngeal region

Output: To which space will the tonsillar region send and receive infections?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Max canines and 1st molars

Output: What is the source of infections in the infraorbital area?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Infection can spread to the cavernous sinus. Rarely infection will spread to the periorbital area

Output: What is the main reason for concern with infraorbital infections?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Pterygoid plexus, inferior ophthalmic and superior ophthalmic veins

Output: Which vein branches connect the face with the cavernous sinus?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] A cavernous sinus thrombosis

Output: What can an infection in the cavernous sinus cause?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Between the muscles of the upper lip

Output: Since the base of the upper lip really isn’t a fascial space where do infections that spread to this area reside?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Maxillary molars, base of upper lipand then to the infraorbital and periorbital areas to the cavernous sinus

Output: What is the pattern of spread for upper lip infections?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The noxious stimulus originating from the sensory receptor which travels in the primary sensory neuron.

Output: What is Nociception?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Pain (the perception of unpleasant sensation) is sensed in the cerebral cortex.

Output: Where is Pain perceived?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] It usually is but pain can occur with out it

Output: Is pain always in response to a Nociceptive impulse?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Suffering

Output: What describes how an individual reacts to the perception of pain?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The actions and verbal responses that communicate the extent of suffering to others.

Output: How is pain behavior characterized?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Primary and Heterotrophic. Primary pain is sensed at the site of injury. With heterotrophic pain the site of sensation and the site of injury are separate.

Output: What are the 2 types of pain and how do they differ?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Central, projected, and referred pain

Output: What are the 3 types of heterotrophic pain?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Tumors and other defects in the CNS which can cause pain in the face, neck and shoulders

Output: What is a common cause of central pain?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Nausea, Muscle weakness, numbness and problems with balance.

Output: What symptoms can accompany central pain associated with a CNS tumor?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Projected pain(other examples include pain from slipped discs)

Output: Sciatica is an example of which type of heterotrophic pain?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Pain associated with the peripheral distribution of a nerve root that has been damaged

Output: How is projected pain defined?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Referred pain is not felt in the involved nerve but in other branches of that nerve or in entirely different branches

Output: How is referred pain different than projected pain?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Heart attack pain, cutting tip of finger and feeling it in your palm.

Output: What are two examples of referred pain?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] (Thought it was time for a confidence booster) White

Output: What color was George Washington’s white horse?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] From the sternum toward the mandibular symphisis

Output: To what area of the face can angina be referred to?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Trigeminal Neuralgia, Geniculate Neuralgia, Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, Occipital Neuralgia, Postherpetic Neuralgia, Parry-Romberg Syndrome.

Output: What are the names of the 5 facial neuralgias and related disorders discussed in lecture?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Trigeminal Neuralgia

Output: What is another name for Tic Douloureux?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Unilateral spasmodic excruciation pain normally a couple of seconds in duration but can last upwards of 15 minutes or more.

Output: How is Trigeminal Neuralgia defined?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] People >50 yrs

Output: Who most frequently gets trigeminal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] One or more divisions of CN V Usually V2 and V3

Output: Which nerve is Tic Douloureux associated with?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Touching the face, brushing teeth, shaving, drinking, chewing or moving a portion of the face.

Output: What triggers pain associated with Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Trigeminal neuralgia this may lead you to ascribe dental cause rather than neuralgia

Output: For which neuralgia can trigger zones be blocked by local anesthetic?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] An aberrant branch of the middle meningeal artery compressing the trigeminal ganglion

Output: An unnamed important study attributed what to the cause of trigeminal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Focal demyelination caused by pressure on CN V and its branches

Output: What type of nerve damage is seen in trigeminal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Recognize pain is trigeminal neuralgia and not something associated with the dentition. Avoid unneeded dental treatment.

Output: What are the dental considerations for trigeminal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] MS, Tumors, Lyme disease, Atypical facial pain (Dr. Zoller seemed to like Lyme disease and MS the most)

Output: What diseases imitate trigeminal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Psychological counseling, Medication, Surgery, Alternative treatments (acupuncture not marijuana)

Output: What treatment types are available for those with trigeminal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Association fibers travel from the post central gyrus to the pre-frontal cortex

Output: Why might trigeminal neuralgia cause personality and behavioral changes?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Anticonvulsants, Antispastics,, Tricyclic Antidepressants

Output: What types of medications are used to treat Neuralgias?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] GammaKnige radiosurgery, Percutaneous needle rhizotomy, balloon compression, sectioning of CN V branches, Removal or redirection of source of compression

Output: What surgical techniques are available to treat trigeminal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Percutaneous needle rhizotomy (glycerol is deposited around the trigeminal ganglion causing localized damage.

Output: Which surgery option is characterized by inserting a needle under local anesthesia many times through the foramen ovale?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Most experience relief but damage is not total and pain may recur necessitation repetition of procedure

Output: How effective is percutaneous needle rhizotomy?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Under general anesthesia, a larger needle with a balloon is inserted, balloon is inflated to compress and mechanically injure CN V root and ganglion

Output: How is balloon compression performed?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Balloon Compression

Output: Pain associated with V1 is effectively treated using which method?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Small chance of permanent loss of sensation to the cornea, Temporary weakness of the muscles of mastication, facial numbness is more severe than with glycerol rhizotomy.

Output: What are side effects of balloon compression?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Why?

Output: What is another name for Geniculate neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Compression of the nerve a few mm lateral to exit from pons

Output: What is the probable etiology of geniculate neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Herpes zoster

Output: Which virus causes/precedes geniculate neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Geniculate neuralgia

Output: Vesicular eruptions on eardrum and external canal proceed with neuralgia by 1-2 days?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Unilateral, Stabbing, electric-like shock felt deep in the ear

Output: Where is pain localized in geneculate neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Non-noxious stimulation of the ear canal, swallowing or talking

Output: What are triggers for geniculate neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Zero

Output: How much pain does the patent experience between attacks?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Aberrant salivation, bitter taste, tinnitus and vertigo

Output: What strange symptoms have patents reported with geniculate neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] CN VIII can also become compressed

Output: Why are tinnitus and vertigo associated with geniculate neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] No

Output: Can you block the geniculate ganglion with local anesthetics?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Geniculate neuralgia, in hopes of finding the source of compression

Output: A suboccipital craniectomy with exploration of the nervus intermedius is treatment for which neuralgia and what is the hope of such a surgery?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Probable compression of the auricular branch and superior laryngeal branches of CN X. possible compression of CN X as it exits the brainstem or upon entry to the jugular foramen.

Output: What is the cause of Vagal and Superior laryngeal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Vagal and superior laryngeal neuralgia

Output: Which neuralgia has the following symptoms paroxysms of pain associated with the side of the thyroid cartilage, angle of the jaw, rarely the ear and upper thorax. Pt may have hiccups, excessive salivation, coughing and stridor. Pt may incure pain upon moving the head or swallowing?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Confusion with other neuralgias or Eagle’s syndrome

Output: Why is the Dx of vagal/superior laryngeal neuralgia difficult?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Decompression

Output: What surgical option is avalible for vagal/superior laryngeal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Output: What is the name of the syndrome that causes severe pain in the tongue,pharynx, throat, ear and tonsils that lasts from a few seconds to a few minutes at a time?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Most cases it is never found.

Output: How often is the source in irritation found in glossopharyngeal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Compression of CN IX or its branches by blood vessels, growths at the base of skull, tumors or infections in throat of mouth.

Output: What are the possible causes of Glossopharyngeal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] CN IX plays a role in regulation of heart rate and blood pressure (carries sensory from carodid bodies)

Output: Why would a pt with glossopharyngeal neuralgia experience cardiac arrhythmias and asystole during a pain attack?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Chewing, coughing, laughing, speaking, and swallowing.

Output: What triggers glossopharyngeal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Decompression or removal of tumors or infections impinging upon the nerve

Output: What is the surgical treatment for glossopharyngeal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] May be bilateral and more of a chronic pain

Output: What makes Occipital neuralgia different from other neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Headache with piercing, throbbing or electric-shock type of chronic pain in the neck, back of the head and behind the ears

Output: What symptoms are associated with occipital neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Scalp, forehead and areas around the eyes

Output: What are the trigger points for occipital neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Area of the greater and lesser occipital nerves

Output: What is the distribution of the pain in occipital neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Irritation or injury to the nerves from trauma or compression from osteoarthritis, tumors or lesions in the neck. Other causes can be gout, diabetes, blood vessel inflammation and even keeping the head in an inferior position for a long period of time.

Output: What can cause the pain in occipital neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Occipital neuralgia treatment includes massage, rest and antidepressants of steroid injections. Postherpetic neuralgia treatment acyclovir

Output: Which neuralgia has a treatment quite different from the others?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Tension headaches caused by myofascial pain

Output: What can occipital neuralgia be confused with?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Postherpetic neuralgia

Output: Which Neuralgia is associated with shingles affecting the trigeminal ganglia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

Output: What syndrome is related to postherpetic neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Negligible <50, 50% of pt >60, 75% >70 following a shingles episode

Output: What is the age timeline association with postherpetic neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] It may be caused by active herpes simples lesions along the nerve

Output: What anecdotal evidence is associated with trigeminal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Antivirals such as acyclovir

Output: What is the treatment for postherpetic neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Parry-Romberg syndrome

Output: Progressive facial hemiatrophy is also known as?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] By slowly progressive atrophy of soft tissue of half the face.

Output: How is parry-romberg syndrome characterized?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Facial changes involving tissue above the maxilla or between the nose and nasolabial fold.

Output: What are the changes first noticed in parry-romberg syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Angle of the mouth, areas around eye, brow, ear and neck

Output: What does parry-romberg syndrome progress to effect?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Mostly unilateral

Output: Are changes unilateral of bilateral with parry-romberg syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Muscle wasting

Output: What causes the pain in parry-romberg syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Variable but it usually reaches a point and stops

Output: How far does parry-romberg syndrome progress?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Hyperpigmentation or depigmentation

Output: What coloration abnormalities accompany parry-romberg?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Some experience atrophy of lip, and tonge with wasting of roots of teeth.

Output: What indicates parry-romberg is of an embryologic origin?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Severy headaches, visual abnormalities, nausea, vomiting, migrains, facial pain similar to trigeminal neuralgia, uncontrolled bursts of muscle spasms

Output: What neurological syndromes are associated with parry-romberg syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Purely symptomatic

Output: How do you treat parry-romberg syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Trigeminal, geniculate, vagal/superior laryngeal, glossopharyngeal,

Output: What neuralgias have the same medical treatments?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Anesthesia Dolorosa, Acoustic Neuroma, Eagles syndrome, Bell’s palsy

Output: What other facial neurologic defects are caused by compression of neuronal pathways?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Anesthesia dolorosa.

Output: What condition is a possible complication of neurosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Sensation(temp pressure and touch are what he said but that doesn’t quite match the symptoms) is lost. Pain remains and may even be exacerbated

Output: What sensations are eliminated and which persist in anesthesia dolorosa?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Numbness, constant horrendous pain, pressure and heaviness, eye pain, sensation of cold increases

Output: What are the symptoms of anesthesia dolorosa?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Topical capsaicin, clonidine or EMLA (anesthetic used to numb skin before inserting IV). Paroxetine, carbamazepine, Various opioids. Basically heavy pain killers

Output: What drugs are used to treat anesthesia dolorosa?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] It usually makes the situation worse

Output: Why wouldn’t surgery normally be considered for anesthesia dolorosa?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Thalamotomy, and Cinulotomy

Output: When surgery is used what 2 drastic procedures are options?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Acoustic neuroinoma and vestibular schwannoma

Output: What other names are given to Acoustic neuroma?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] On the vestibulocochlear nerve, unilaterally

Output: In Acoustic neuroma where does the initially growth occur?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Neurofibromatosis type 2 (a genetic disease that is not passed on)

Output: When acoustic neuroma is seen bilaterally what else does the patent normally have?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] 5 in every million

Output: At what rate does acoustic neuroma occur?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Slow growing, nonmalignant tumor that begins in the internal auditory meatus and grows towards the internal aspect of the skull as it does this it impinges on VII. Once in the skull it can compress CN V then the brainstem. Once on the brainstem it is deadly.

Output: What is the growth pattern of acoustic neuroma?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] By MRI in patents with unilateral hearing loss.

Output: How is the Dx made for acoustic neuroma?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Spasm of muscles of facial espression, facial pain in areas ranging from external aspect of the face to the mandible, teeth and mucosa.

Output: What are other symptoms of acoustic neuroma?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Pain can affect mandible, teeth and mucosa

Output: Why might acoustic neuroma be confused with dental pain?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Entirely intracanalicular

Output: An acoustic Neuroma that is <1.5 cm is classified as?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] 1.5-2 cm

Output: How large is an acoustic neuroma that extends into the cranium?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] >2cm

Output: At what sixe do acoustic neuroma’s distort the brainstem?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Microsurgical removal and stereotactic radiation

Output: If an acoustic neuroma is caught and treated early hearing will be saved and the brainstem will not be threatened. When caught how are acoustic neuromas treated?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Eagle’s syndrome

Output: Name the syndrome - Foreign body sensation in the throat, dysphagia, intermittent facial pain or pain behind the ear, intermittent spasm of muscles of facial expression, taste disturbance, pain along distribution of carotid artery?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Ossified stylohyoid ligament W/ poss radial rings of calcified tissue

Output: What is the cause of eagles syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] 4% and 4-10%

Output: What % of population have elongated styloid processes and how many of those are symptomatic?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Radiographic imaging and physical examination

Output: How is Eagle’s syndrome diagnosed?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] NSAIDs or steroid injections

Output: What is the nonsurgical treatment for Eagle’s syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Transpharyngeal approach which is less obtrusive but controversial b/c of pharynx scarring and infection. Extraoral approach which has less possibility of deep space neck infections

Output: What surgical methods are used for Eagles syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Unilateral facial paralysis, lasts 1-3 moths, 25% of cases have unknown triggers, and familial occurrences are known but rare

Output: What are the characteristics of bell’s palsy?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] HSV or HZV in geniculate ganglion. Compression leading to nerve demyelination, Nerve edema or ischemia, Autoimmune damage to nerve, Vasospasm of vessels associated with nerves.

Output: What are the possible causes of bell’s palsy?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] 24 in 100000

Output: What is the frequency of Bells plasy?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Fall and winter

Output: What time of year show increase in Bell’s palsy cases?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] all are susceptible but middle-aged people and Individuals with demyelinating diseases such as MS, 1in 5 cases (so women 71% to 29%)

Output: Who is most likely to get bell’s palsy?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Forceps delivery, parotid surgery, facial surgery, Mumps, Tumors

Output: What else can cause facial nerve compression or damage?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Acute otitis media, changes in atmospheric pressure, cold exposure, ischemia of nerve near stylomastoid foramen, infections, pregnancy (early eclampsia)

Output: That are the triggers for bells palsy?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Viral infection, lyme disease, and earache

Output: What is childhood bells palsy usually associated with?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Histamine and other vasodilators, systemic corticosteroids, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, surgical decompression, Antiviral therapy

Output: What treatments can shorten duration of bells palsy?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Topical ocular antibiotic artificial tears, closure of eyelid, and psychological reassurance

Output: Other treatments for bells palsy that relieve secondary symptoms are?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] 82% recover completely in 6 months if symptoms remain for 1 year they will probably remain until the resurrection when our bodies will be made perfect.

Output: What is the prognosis for bell’s palsy?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Orofacial granolomatosis ex. Non-tender persistent swelling of the upper lip. Fissured tongue. Unilateral (occasional bilateral) paralysis of muscles of facial expression

Output: What is Melkersson-rosenthal syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] HSV of the face of external auditory canal. Cutaneous lesions of the external auditory canal. Ipsilateral paralysis of CN VII and CH VIII.

Output: What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Facial paralysis, vertigo and hearing deficits

Output: What symptoms are seen with Ramsay-Hunt syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Facial redness and sweating along sites of cutaneous distribution of the auriculotemporal nerve in response to gustatory stimuli.

Output: What would be the signs of Frey syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Injury to auriculotemporal nerve (parotid gland surgery)

Output: What is a common cause of Frey syndrome?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The TMJ, The masseter(body, ant. Border, and deep layer), The temporalis (ant and posterior bundles), The medial Pterygoid, Posteriorb belly of the digastrics, the sternocleidomastoid (body and tendon)

Output: In an Extraoral exam you what structures do you palpitate?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The Lateral Pterygoid (pterygoid window)

Output: In an Intraoral exam what will you palpitate?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] It occurs mostly in blacks, It disappears when stretched (you will do this if you suspect this condition during an intraoral exam), it occurs bilaterally on the buccal mucosa, it doesn’t rub off, there is not treatment indicated.

Output: Describe key features of Leukodema?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Vascular malformities

Output: What is the most frequent cause of macroglossia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Hypothyroidism, Lymphangiomas, Amyloidosis, neoplasms, down syndrome, and neurofribromatosis

Output: What are the clinical features associated with macroglossia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Lingual frenum may be short and thick and anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth or the frenum might be long and connect to the tip of the tongue. Usually no treatment is indicated but could do a frenectomy.

Output: What is ankyloglossia?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The primitive thyroid gland or portion of the gland fails to descend. It occurs at the foramen cecum.

Output: What is a lingual Thyroid?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The middle meatus…it is the opening of the hiatus semilunaris

Output: Where is the maxillary orifice located?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The maxillary incisors

Output: Where to infections from the K9’s come from?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Pain and Trismus

Output: What could occur w/ masticator space infections?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Vestibule, buccal space, the mandible, pterygomandibular space, submasseteric, and parapharyngeal space.

Output: What spaces get infected from the mandibular molars?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The infection only has to cross a layer of epithelium, a small or non-existent submucosa, and the periosteum to gain entrance

Output: Why are sinuses so easily infected by maxillary molar infections?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The submandibular, the sublingual, and the submental must all 3 be infected to cause Ludwigs

Output: What spaces are involved in Ludwig’s Angina?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] III, IV, V1, V2, and VI. VI runs through the middle and is often the 1st nerve affected and the optic nerve also approximates the sinus and can mess up the meninges of the optic nerve to cause dizziness and vomiting.

Output: What nerves are affected in a cavernous sinus infection?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Lateral to the buccinators and anterior to the masseter

Output: Where is the buccal space located?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Because you cant see them and due to referred pain.

Output: Why are infections of the mandible hard to dx?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] The ones associated with the muscles of mastication

Output: Which type of facial space infections hurt?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [Fibrocartilage] Marginal Mandigular.

Output: Which nerve might you cut when incising a large infection of the mentalis space?

Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com

What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?


Input: [1] Cleonte [2]

Output: A commoner in Le bourgeois gentilhome by Moliere who has internalized the ethical code of the nobleman. These virtues are useless however for marrying Lucile because her father demands “gentleman” status for his son-in-law. Like everyone else around Jourdain he must resort to ruse.

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Kepler [2]

Output: German astronomer and mathematician. Considered the founder of modern astronomy, he formulated three laws to describe how the planets revolve around the sun

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Etching [2]

Output: an etched plate (usually metal) made with the use of acid

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Prelude [2]

Output: An introductory performance, event or action preceding a more important one; a preliminary preface

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Novum Organum [2]

Output: A philosophical work in Latin by Francis Bacon, published in 1620, presenting an inductive method for scientific and philosophical inquiry

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Royal Society of Science [2]

Output: an honorary English society organized in 1660 and given a royal charter by Charles II through which the British government encouraged research in the sciences

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Louis Le Vau [2]

Output: A French architect involved in most of the important building projects for Louis XIV. Succeeded Lemercier as architect for the Louvre. Designed palace of Versailles.

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mathematical Principles [2]

Output: A work in Newton’s three books stating the laws of motion, law of universal gravitation and a derivation of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Oratorio [2]

Output: A musical composition for voices and orchestra, telling a sacred story without costumes, scenery or dramatic action

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Geocentric [2]

Output: The astronomical theory that the earth is in the center of the universe

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] "Le Roi Soleil" [2]

Output: A nickname given to Louis XVI meaning The Sun King.

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Van Dyck [2]

Output: Flemish baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England. He is most famous for his portraits of King Charles I of England and Scotland and his family. He invented etching.

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cartesian [2]

Output: of or relating to the French philosopher and mathematician Rene Descartes

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pietra Dura [2]

Output: an art-historical term for the technique of using small, exquisitely cut and fitted, highly-polished colored stones to create what amounts to a painting in stone

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Francois Girardon [2]

Output: French sculptor commissioned with much of the decorative sculptures in the gardens of Versailles under the direction of Le Brun. He is best known for his tomb Of Richelieu at the Sorbonne. His famous equestrian statue of Louis XVI was destroyed in the Revolution

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tabula Rasa [2]

Output: The belief presented by John Locke that this is the mind in its uninformed original state

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Paracelsus [2]

Output: German-Swiss alchemist and physician. He held that illness was the result of external agents attacking the body rather than imbalances within the body and advocated the use of chemicals against disease-causing agents

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Agra [2]

Output: A city in northern India formerly the capital of the Mogul empire; site of the Taj Mahal

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Shahjahanabad [2]

Output: Walled city; Old Delhi; site of The Red Fort

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Forced Perspective [2]

Output: A way to create an environment that appears larger than it truly is

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Impasto [2]

Output: The process or technique of laying on paint or pigment thickly so that it stands out from a surface

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Salon [2]

Output: A large room, such as a drawing room, used for receiving and entertaining guests

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Stradivari [2]

Output: Italian violinmaker who developed the proportions of the modern violin and created instruments of unsurpassed beauty and tone

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Burin [2]

Output: A steel cutting tool with a sharp beveled point, used in engraving or cutting stone (think etching)

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Galerie des Glaces [2]

Output: Central gallery of the Palace of Versailles

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Andreas Vesalius [2]

Output: Flemish anatomist and surgeon who is considered the founder of modern anatomy. His major work, On the Structure of the Human Body, was based on meticulous dissection of cadavers

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Spinoza [2]

Output: Dutch philosopher and theologian whose controversial pantheistic doctrine advocated an intellectual love of god. Best known for his work Ethics.

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mogul [2]

Output: A member of the Muslim dynasty founded by Baber that ruled India until 1857

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cogito ergo sum [2]

Output: I think, therefore I am; the basis of the philosophy of Rene Descartes.

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] King James Bible [2]

Output: An English translation of the Bible from Hebrew and Greek published in 1611 under the auspices of James I

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Richelieu [2]

Output: As chief minister of Louis XIII he worked to strengthen the authority of the monarchy and directed France during the Thirty Years’ War

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Johann Sebastian Bach [2]

Output: German composer and organist of the late baroque period. Wrote more than 200 cantatas.

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Blaise Pascal [2]

Output: French mathematician and philosopher with Jansenist; invented an adding machine; contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of probability

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Salon de Guerre [2]

Output: Room in the Palace of Versailles dedicated to the Roman goddess of war, Bellona

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Anton van Leeuwenhoek [2]

Output: Dutch microscopist whose microscopes enabled him to give the first accurate descriptions of blood corpuscles, spermatozoa and microbes

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Glorious Revolution [2]

Output: The events of 1688-1689 in England that resulted in the ousting of James II and the establishment of William III and Mary II as joint monarchs

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Giordano Bruno [2]

Output: Challenged Copernican cosmology, challenging religion

Humanities Exam 3 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: where are the afferents coming from that input into the pontomesencephalic reticular formation?

Output: association cortex limbic cortex thalamus spinoreticular pathways

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what is the function of the rostral intralaminar thalamic nuclei?

Output: help maintain a conscious alert state

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: where do the primary inputs for the rostral intralaminar thalamic nuclei come from?

Output: pontomesencephalic reticular formation

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what is the major input to the Pulvinar?

Output: midbrain reticular formation

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what is the Pulvinar involved in?

Output: arousal and attention

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what is the function of the reticular nucleus of thalamus?

Output: regulate the excitability of other thalamic nuclei

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what type of neurons are found in the reticular nucleus of thalamus?

Output: GABAnergic

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: where are the outputs from reticular nucleus of thalamus going to?

Output: mainly within the thalamus

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what type of neurons are found in the hypothalamus?

Output: TMN: histaminergic Orexin/hypocretin VLPO: GABAnergic

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what are the nuclei of the basal forebrain?

Output: medial septal nuclei diagonal band nucleus nucleus basalis

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: What do the basal forebrain nuclei make up?

Output: part of the cholinergic modulatory system

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what are the components of the Cholinergic diffuse modulatory system?

Output: Pontomesencephalic (PPT & LDT nuclei) Basal forebrain nuclei (nucleus basalis, medial septal nuclei, nucleus of diagonal band)

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Does the PPT nuclie have any projections to the cortex?

Output: NO only projections to basal ganglia, tectum, cerebellar nuclei, pons, medulla, and spinal cord

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what nucleus is know as the mesencephalic locomotor region?

Output: PPT nucleus

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what do the cholinergic projections from PPT and LDT nuclei regulate?

Output: projections to the intralaminar thalamic nuclei regulate excitablity of sensory relay nuclei in thalamus

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: where do the medial septal nuclei and nucleus of diaganol band project?

Output: to hippocampus

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what is the function of the cholinergic projection from basal forebrain?

Output: attention, memory, learning

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: degeneration of basal forebrain is an early sign of ___________

Output: Alzheimers disease

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: where do the rostral raphe nuclei project to? what NT do they release?

Output: cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia Serotonin

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what are the rostral raphe nuclei part of controlling?

Output: control sleep wake cycles and mood by projection of serotonin

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: where do the caudal raphe nuclei project to?

Output: cerebellum, medulla, and spinal cord

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what are the caudal raphe nuclei involved in controlling?

Output: modulation of pain and other functions

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what are the main two Noradrenergic nucleus of the nervous system?

Output: Locus coeruleus Lateral tegmental area of medulla

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what does locus coerulus release of NE play a role in?

Output: innervates cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, OB, cerebellum, and spinal cord role in regulation of attention and arousal making the cerebrum & cerebellum more responsive to salient stimuli, sleep wake cycles, and mood

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what is the lateral tegmental tract involved in controlling?

Output: lateral tegmental area of medulla involved in sympathetic control

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what are Dopaminergic projections important for?

Output: DA projections are important for motor control (basal ganglia) and reward driven behaviors

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: where are histaminergic projections found?

Output: TMN of hypothalamus

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what is the function of histamine release?

Output: projection to forebrain maintains alertness projection to thalamus & brainstem reticular formation regulate sleep and arousal regulated by other hypothalamic nuclei

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what nuclei regulates histamine release?

Output: VLPO releases GABA Orexin neurons are excitatory

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what can produce a coma?

Output: lesions to Pontomesencephalic reticular formation bilateral cerebral cortex bilateral medial and intralaminar regions of thalamus

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what would the EEG appears as with a patient who is in a coma?

Output: EEB abnormal, NO sleep wake cycles invariant over time but NOT FLAT

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what is the cerebral metabolism of a patient in a coma?

Output: decreased 50% or more

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: will a patient in a coma have any reflexes? what reflexes would you test for?

Output: may have intact reflexes VOR Corneal GAG Exhibit spontaneous movement

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: if a patient is in a coma will the patient be able to be aroused by painful stimuli?

Output: NO

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Can a patient in a coma have meaningful responses mediated by the cortex to such things as pain?

Output: NO-lack of purposeful responses mediated by the cortex such as withdrawal from painful stimuli

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what type of metabolic imbalances can cause coma?

Output: Imbalance of sodium, glucose, hypoxia, hepatic encephalopathy, thiamene deficiency

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: True or False the appearance of the pupils can be informative of determining cause of coma

Output: TRUE

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Cause of Coma? Pupils are normal

Output: toxic or metabolic

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Cause of Coma? Pupils are fixed and dilated

Output: midbrain lesion or transtentorial herniation -pupils are fixed and dilated because of loss of sympathetics

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Cause of Coma? Pontine Pupils

Output: bilateral lesion of pons, associated with wrong way eyes -small but respond to light -loss of sympathetics

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Cause of Coma? Bilateral pinpoint pupils

Output: Opiate overdose

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Intact eye movements. what does this indicate of a patient in a coma?

Output: brainstem is intact

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: In sleep what is the metabolic activity of the brain?

Output: HIGH

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what does the EEG appear as in sleep?

Output: variant

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: When are person is sleeping are they aware of time and dreaming?

Output: YES

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: When a person is sleeping can they be aroused by sensory stimuli?

Output: YES

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: No evidence of brain function is indicative of what?

Output: BRAIN DEATH

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what will the EEG appear like in brain death?

Output: FLAT

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: if your patient is brain dead can they be any brainstem reflexes initiated?

Output: NO no VOR, pupillary response

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: The cerebral metabolism of your patient is zero. what is your diagnosis?

Output: brain death

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: what is the difference between a coma and a persistent vegetative state?

Output: coma: no sleep wake cycles PVS: sleep wake cycles may return

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: If a patient is in a PVS are they able to be aroused?

Output: YES patient may open eyes and arouse, orient using brainstem pathways

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain


Input: Your patient has no evidence of cortical responses, is unable to track visual stimuli, but opens eyes and can be aroused. What is your diagnosis?

Output: Persistent Vegetative State

(II) Reticular Formation: Arousal & Consciousness Flashcards - Cram.com

Rostral Pontomesencephalic reticular formation Rostral intralaminar and thalamic nuclei Pulvinar Reticular nucleus of thalamus Hypothalamus Basal forebrain