Input: [Integumentary system.] Units of overlapping thin and thick filaments. Z-lines bind these units together.

Output: What are sarcomeres?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Sliding Filament Model.

Output: Refer to page 66 for ???

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Nerve impulses which tiggers the release of stored calcium ions.

Output: How do contractions of muscles begin?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The muscle's inability to sustain contraction.

Output: What is fatigue?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The depletion of ATP stores and the buildup of lactic acid.

Output: What are the two factors that lead to fatigue?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] When the muscle cells are starved of oxygen and begin to function anaerobically.

Output: When is lactic acid produced?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Vital nutrients, gases, wastes, chemical signals, and cells throughout the body. (By blood)

Output: What does the circulatory system transport?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is a closed system, which means that blood travels through blood vessels that form a closed loop.

Output: Is the human circulatory system closed or open?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is the fluid part of blood and contains 92 percent of water. It contains inorganic salts, proteins, hormones, nutrients, waste products, fats, and gases. The plasma proteins function in clotting, staving off infection, and regulating blood pressure.

Output: What is plasma?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Red blood cells, which carry oxygen, and white blood cells, which fight infection.

Output: Almost half of the blood is made up of what two types of blood cells?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Cell fragments that function in blood clotting.

Output: What are platelets?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Hemoglobin which is the oxygen-carrying protein.

Output: What do red blood cells produce?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Erythrocytes.

Output: What is another word for red blood cells?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Leukocytes.

Output: What is another word for white blood cells?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They engulf invading microbes.

Output: What does phagocytic regarding white blood cells mean?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They produce antibodies that either latch on to invading cells and help disable them (B-cells) or directly attack and destroy foreign cells (T-cells).

Output: What are lymphocytes referring to white blood cells?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] In bone marrow.

Output: Where are the white and red blood cells formed?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They are fragments of cells that attach to fibrin at the site of the cut; the result is a blood clot, which seals up the injury.

Output: What are platelets?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Page 67

Output: Image of composition of human blood

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Vessels; called arteries and veins.

Output: Blood travels through ________.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Away from the heart.

Output: Where do arteries carry blood?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Maximum pressure attained during an arterial pulse.

Output: What is systolic pressure?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The lowest pressure attained during an arterial pulse.

Output: What is diastolic pressure?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Arterioles and capillaries.

Output: Arteries branch off into smaller vessels called, _________ and _________.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The smallest vessels, and are about as thick as a single cell.

Output: What are capillaries?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is a medium which surrounds the cell which nutrients, gases, and other molecules in the blood diffuse through.

Output: What is the interstitial fluid?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They collect blood from tissues and carry it back to the heart.

Output: What do veins do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Valves.

Output: How do veins prevent blood from traveling backwards?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Blood travels from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns to the left atrium.

Output: What happens in the pulmonary circuit?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Blood travels from the left ventricle to the body and returns to the right atrium.

Output: What happens in the systemic circuit?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Page 69.

Output: Image of the cardiac cycle.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Atria, P.

Output: Impulses from the SA node cause the _____ to contract and are reflected in the __ wave.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Ventricles.

Output: Impulses from the AV node cause the _____ to contract.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The time that the muscles are recovering from the contraction.

Output: What does the T wave represent?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Defamation plaintiff must prove: (1) Defamatory statement (2) Of and concerning plaintiff (3) Publication (1+ people) (4) Damages (libel - gen.damages presumed; slander - pecuniary loss) unless: slander per se - 1)Π’s business or profession 2)Π committed serious crime of moral turpitude 3)Π was an unchaste woman 4)Π has a loathsome disease (lepracy, venereal) + If "matter of public concern" ADD Fault and Falsity as follows: IF PRIVATE FIGURE: Fault - negligence sufficient. Falsity - statement must be false. IF PUBLIC FIGURE: Fault - malice required. Falsity - statement must be false.

Output: Defamation elements.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The force exerted by the heart on the walls of the vessels.

Output: What is blood pressure?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They supply the heart with nutrients.

Output: What do the coronary arteries supply?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is the link between the circulatory system and the immune system. It plays a critical role in the body's defenses by producing lymphocytes and transporting white blood cells.

Output: What is the lymphatic system? What important role does it play?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Unless collected, the fluid would continue to build up in the tissues. Therefore one of the functions of the lymphatic system is to absorb the excess fluid. Tiny tubes called lymph vessels collect the interstitial fluid, which passes through the lymph nodes and eventually cycles back into the circulatory system.

Output: More fluid leaves the blood vessels and enters the body tissue than reverse. What happens to the extra interstitial fluid?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] page 70

Output: The lymphatic system and the circulatory system.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans.

Output: What are the most common pathogens?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Bacterial.

Output: Tuberculosis, syphilis, and leprosy are examples of what type of disease?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They can't function on their own because they lack the mechanisms for respiration and protein synthesis that living cells process. Viruses are protein-coded genes. They can only reproduce by penetrating a cell and changing it into a virus factory.

Output: How are viruses different from bacteria and protozoans?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Viral.

Output: Smallpox, herpes, measles, and AIDs are examples of what type of disease?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Foreign molecules in the body.

Output: What are antigens?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.

Output: What are the two types of defense mechanisms to combat antigens?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It involves the production of antibodies, which are a diverse group of proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens.

Output: What is humoral immunity?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] A response that involves specialized cells to combat foreign cells.

Output: What is a cell-mediated response?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Cells that recognize the prsense of an antigen, engulf it, and initiate the cell-mediated immune response.

Output: What are macrophages?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Antibodies.

Output: Immunoglobulins are also known as ___?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Y-shaped proteins that have two regions: variable regions, which act as very specific antigen-binding sites, and constant regions, which determine the method of antigen elimination.

Output: What are antibodies?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They contain variations which lead to the tremendous diversity in antibody types.

Output: Antibodies have four polypeptide chains, called light and heavy chains which do what?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Lymphocyte.

Output: What is the major cell type of the immune system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Helper T-cell, which stimulate the activity of other cells, Killer T-cells, which destroy target cells directly, and suppressor T-cells, which decrease the activity of other B- and T-cells after infections are brought under control.

Output: What are the three forms of T-cells?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] By use of memory B- and T- cells, stored in the spleen. They are ready to react quickly.

Output: How does the immune system remember encountering the antigen?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The proteins that identify the body's own cells are called major histocompatibility markers. (MHC). These proteins are unique to each individual and occur in every cell.

Output: How does the immune system distinguish between intruders and non-intruders?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They sound an alarm, the macrophage engulf the antigen and displays pieces of of antigen's proteins on the surface. The B-cell binds to the antigen and becomes activated. It will start to digest the antigen and display its proteins.

Output: What happens when the macrophages and B-cells find an intruder?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] A helper T-cell will bind to the macrophage which will eventually lead the T-cell to sign other T-cells to multiply. In the other response, the activated B-cell beings to clone itself and multiply.

Output: How does the immune respond? (Cell-mediated response and humoral response)

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They produce large numbers of antibodies, and these guys will attract phagocytic cells to destroy the antigens or the antibodies will cause the antigens to clump together for easier removal.

Output: What occurs when B-cells differentiate into plasma cells?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Page 73

Output: Cell-Mediated Immune Response and Humoral Immune Response

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is to convert material from food into nutrients that the body an use and to eliminate products that cannot be absorbed.

Output: What is the role of the digestive system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The mouth.

Output: Where does digestion begin?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They cut the food by their sharp edges.

Output: What does the incisors do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They have one point or two point (cusps) that grasp and tear the food.

Output: What do the cuspids and bicuspids have?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They have flat surfaces which allow the food to be grind.

Output: What do molars do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Dentin, a calcium substance similar to bone.

Output: What are teeth mostly composed of?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The part of the tooth that is exposed.

Output: What is a crown?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The hardest substance in the body.

Output: What is enamel?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Nerves and blood vessels.

Output: What is in the middle of the tooth?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Saliva, which increases moisture and begins to break down carbohydrates.

Output: What does the salivary glands secrete in the mouth, to do what?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It splits starch bonds and releases certain sugars of the carbohydrate.

Output: What is salivary amylase and what does it do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It travels to the pharynx, aka throat.

Output: Where does the food travel after the mouth?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The passageway that channels food to the esophagus and air to the trachea.

Output: What is the pharynx?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] A word to that means food is forced down the stomach by muscular contractions of the esophageal wall.

Output: What is peristalsis?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Digestive enzymes and high concentrations of HCl begin to digest proteins in the food as well as break down the food into smaller and smaller particles. After a while, the food becomes a nutrient-rich acid broth called chyme.

Output: What happens in the stomach?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It's released into the duodenum, upper part of the small intestine, where most of the breakdown of the macromolecules occur.

Output: Where is chyme released after being made?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Pancreas and the liver.

Output: What are the two glands that secrete substances into the duodenum?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They secrete molecules via ducts into the duodenum, as oppose to the endocrine pancreas which secretes products directly into the bloodstream.

Output: What does the exocrine pancreas do that is different that the endocrine pancreas?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Powerful hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It also delivers a strongly alkaline bicarbonate solution, which neutralizes the highly acidic chyme.

Output: What does the exocrine pancreas deliver to the duodenum?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Bile.

Output: What does the liver produce?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Bile is a mixture that contains no digestive enzymes but does contain salts and lipids that aid in fat processing. Bile also had pigments, by-products of the liver's breakdown of red blood cells, that are removed from the body with the feces.

Output: What is bile?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is a small sac that is attached to the liver that stores the bile until it is needed.

Output: What does the gallbladder do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] In other parts of the small intestine, the jejunum and the ileum.

Output: Food is broken down in the duodenum but where are the nutrients of the food absorbed?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Microvilli, which maximizes the surface area for the diffusion and active transport of molecules.

Output: The lining of the lower small intestine has many folds and is covered with projections called ______?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Colon.

Output: What is another word for large intestine?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Large intestine.

Output: What is another word for colon?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Water is reabsorbed from the chyme.

Output: What happens in the large intestine?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is to transport gases between the cells of the body and the environment.

Output: What is the role of the respiratory system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] 20% of oxygen, 80% of nitrogen.

Output: What is the chemical breakdown of air?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The trachea to the lungs.

Output: What is the airflow from outside of the body to inside of the body?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The lungs are made up of small passages that end in air sacs, (Alveoli) and this is where gas exchange occurs with the circulatory system.

Output: Where are the alveoli and what occurs there?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Thin, and pulmonary capillaries.

Output: Alveoli have extremely thick/thin walls? and are surrounds by a network of ________ capillaries.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The oxygen molecules diffuse through the thin walls into the blood while the carbon dioxide in the blood diffuses into the air of the lungs.

Output: What occurs with the oxygen and the carbon dioxide regarding the respiratory system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The protein hemoglobin carries the oxygen in the blood, where it travels to the heart and the cells of the body.

Output: What happens after gas exchange?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] To remove metabolic wastes from the body and to osmoregulate or balance the amounts of salts and water in the circulatory system.

Output: What are the two functions of the urinary system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Since blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery, the kidneys filter out waste products and water, forming a concentrated excretory fluid called urine. The filtered blood returns to the circulatory system through the renal vein.

Output: What do the kidneys do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Ammonia, a nitrogenous by-product of cell metabolism that is highly toxic to the cells of the body.

Output: What does the urinary system removal that is important?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The liver converts ammonia to a soluble form called urea. The urea can travel in the body safely for longer periods than ammonia. The kidneys remove urea from the blood, where it becomes urine.

Output: Since ammonia is dangerous what occurs in the human body that stops it from hurting us?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Page 77

Output: Structure of kidneys

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Hemoglobin molecule of red blood cells.

Output: Two alpha chains and two beta chains of polypeptides make up the bulk of what molecule?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] An iron molecule so that the oxygen molecule could bind for transport.

Output: What is at the center of the hemoglobin molecule?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The minor calyx leading to the major calyx, then to the renal calyx and the renal pelvis and ureter.

Output: What is the path for urination in the kidneys?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Nephrons.

Output: The kidney is made up of about one million functional units called ____.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption.

Output: What are the three processes the nephrons perform in controlling the salt and water concentrations of the blood.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] In the cortex, when much of the blood plasma and many small molecules, such as amino acids, salts, and waste, are strained out of the blood.

Output: Where does filtration occur and when?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] To maintain pH and salt connections in the blood, the nephrons take out certain amounts of acids, bases, and ions and secrete them into the filtrate.

Output: Why is secretion needed and how is it performed?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is regulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the pituitary gland, and many substances such as sugars, nutrients, and amino acids must return to the blood at their proper levels.

Output: how is reabsorption regulated and what substances must return to the blood at their proper levels?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Page 78.

Output: Detailed view of activity at the nephron.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] 1. Blood enters kidney and travels to the glomerules. The Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus, a bulb-shaped. Much of the blood plasma and small molecules i nthe blood, such as amino acids, salts, and waste, filter through the thin walls of the capillaries to form a fluid called the filtrate. Large molecules, such as proteins and blood cells, remain in the blood. 2. The filtrate travels from the Bowman's capsule through the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle. During the descending journey, water diffuses out of the tubble through the permeable membrane, concentrating the filtrate. 3. The tubule ascending from the loop of Henle is impermeable to water but is permeable to salts. As the filtrate passes through this section, salt ions are pumped out of the filtrate, diluting the fluid. 4. The urine travels to the collecting duct, which is permeable to water but not salts. More water is reabsorbed, leaving a concentrated filtrate.

Output: Steps of flow of filtrate.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] A network of capillaries.

Output: What is a glomerules?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It enables the body to receive and respond to stimuli from the environment.

Output: What does the nervous system enable the body to do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The neuron. Neurons process a stimulus and transmit it as an electric charge to other cells.

Output: What is the primary cell of the nervous system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Page 79.

Output: Review of anatomy and function of the neuron.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Sensory neurons (afferent), interneurons, and motor neurons (efferent).

Output: What are the three types of neurons?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They interpret stimuli from the environment.

Output: What do sensory neurons do (Afferent)?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They relay information received.

Output: What do interneurons do?

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What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They control muscular movement.

Output: What do motor neurons do (Efferent)?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The electric charge inside the cell differs from the charge outside of it.

Output: What does it mean when sometime is polarized?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Na+ ions are pumped outside of the neural membrane, and K+ ions are pumped inside.

Output: For the sodium-potassium pump, what is pumped outside and inside of the neural membrane?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It occurs when the neuron is not firing.

Output: What is resting potential?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Electrical signals.

Output: How is information in the nervous system carried through?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] As action potentials.

Output: How are the electrical signals sent among nerve cells?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The stronger stimulus does not increase the level or duration of the action potential, it only creates more frequent action potentials.

Output: If there is a strong stimulus that occurs as an action potential what occurs?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The greater the speed of the action potential.

Output: If the axon is wider what does that mean about the speed of the action potential?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Electric synapse (Gap junctions) and chemical synapses.

Output: What are the two types of synapses?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They are protein channels that allow ions to flow freely from one cell to another.

Output: What are electric synapses or gap junctions?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is when a cell relays an impulse to another cell by converting the impulse into a chemical message via neurotransmitters.

Output: What is a chemical synapse?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] When many impulses come together to make the cell fire.

Output: What is a summation?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Output: What are the two branches off of the human nervous system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The brain and spinal cord.

Output: What does the central nervous system consist of?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain.

Output: What are the three main parts of the brain?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It controls memory and though, cerebral cortex, integrate spinal cord information, thalamus, and temperature, hypothalamus.

Output: What are the different processes of the forebrain?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It relays impulses from the eyes and ears. It also contains the limbic system, which controls emotions.

Output: What does the midbrain do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It controls movement and coordination (cerebellum) and maintains body homeostatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion (Medulla and pons).

Output: Wat does the hindbrain do?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

Output: What are the two branches off of the autonomic nervous system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Sensory organs, motor neurons (efferent), and sensory neurons (afferent).

Output: What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The voluntary (somatic) nervous system and the autonomic nervous systems.

Output: What are the two branches off of the motor pathway?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It controls the voluntary movements and reflexes.

Output: What does the voluntary (somatic) nervous system consist of?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It's divided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic.

Output: What does the autonomic system divided?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It's responsible for the fight or flight response including increased heart rate, hormone release decreased digestion, and dilation of blood vessels to muscles.

Output: What is the sympathetic divison?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They control responses that converse energy, including decreased heart rate and increased digestion.

Output: What is the parasympatheic division in control of?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] It is a system of internal communications, regulating the activities of various tissues of the body.

Output: What is the endocrine system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Unlike the nervous system, which uses electrical impulses to trigger rapid response, the endocrine system relies on chemical signals to coordinate longer lasting activities such as growth, reproduction, tissue repair, and nutrient balance in the blood.

Output: How is the endocrine system different from the nervous system?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Page 85.

Output: Different endocrine glands.

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What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Hormones.

Output: What do endocrine glands secrete directly into the bloodstream?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Steroid hormones, polypeptide hormones, and amino acid derivatives.

Output: What are the three main types of hormones in the body?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The steroid hormone are lipids and can travel easily through cell membranes to bind with interior cell receptors. The polypeptide hormone and the amino acid derivative do not actually enter the cell but bind to receptors on the cell surface.

Output: What is the big difference between the steroid hormone compared to the polypeptide hormone and amino acid derivatives.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] They are substances that are activated by a hormone. After being activated by a hormone they activate enzymes which activate more enzymes, etc.This amplified effect of the hormone is called the cascading effect.

Output: What are secondary messengers?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] In the testes.

Output: Where is the sperm produced?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Spermatogenesis.

Output: What is the three-stage process in producing sperm called?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] The epididymis, to the vas deferens, through the uretha, and finally out of the penis.

Output: From the testes what is the road of which the sperm has to travel?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] In the ovaries.

Output: Where is the egg or ovum produced?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Androgens.

Output: What are sex hormones called?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] By LH (Luteinizing hormone) which is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Output: How are the tests stimulated to produced testosterone?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone), which acts with testosterone to continuously produce sperm.

Output: What else is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland?

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: [Integumentary system.] Page 87.

Output: The menstrual cycle.

Biology - Structure and Function of Vertebrate Systems - VIII Flashcards - Cram.com

What is another word for the system of the skin?


Input: In sequence, the four regions of the spine and spinal cord are, from head to bottom, the ___________, ___________, ___________, and ___________. [Gonads]

Output: Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral

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Input: The motor division of the autonomic nervous sytem that is active during periods of threat is the ___________ nervous system. [Gonads]

Output: Sympathetic

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Input: The adrenal ___________ cortex releases hormones that influence energy metabolism, mineral balance, and reproductive behavior. [Gonads]

Output: Cortex

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Input: The ___________ secretes releasing hormones. [Gonads]

Output: hypothalamus

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Input: The ___________ nervous system is the major division of the peripheral nervous system that participates in the regulation of the body's internal environment. [Gonads]

Output: autonomic

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Input: The H-shaped area of tissue in the core of the spinal cord is referred to as the spinal ___________ matter. [Gonads]

Output: gray

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Input: Nerves emerge from the spinal cord at 31 different levels; ___________ motor nerves and ___________ sensory nerves emerge from each level [Gonads]

Output: 2 2

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Input: The ___________ secretes tropic hormones. [Gonads]

Output: pituitary

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Input: Nerves that carry signals toward a structure are said to be ___________ with respect to that structure. [Gonads]

Output: AFFERENT

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Input: The ___________ nervous system increases heart rate, stimulates adrenaline secretion from the adrenal medulla, and decreases salivation. [Gonads]

Output: sympathetic

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Input: The brain and spinal cord together compose the ___________ nervous system. [Gonads]

Output: Central

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Input: The nerves of the ___________ division of the ANS leave the CNS from the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord. [Gonads]

Output: parasympathetic

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Input: Two important glands are visible on the underneath surface of the brain. The __________ is suspended by a stalk from the ________________. [Gonads]

Output: Pituitary Hypothalamus

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Input: The two divisions of nthe peripheral nervous system are the autonomic nervous system and the ________ nervous system. [Gonads]

Output: somatic

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Input: Sensory nerves enter the spinal cord via the ___________roots; motor nerves exit via the _________ roots. [Gonads]

Output: Dorsal Ventral

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Input: All ________________ glands release hormones into the blood stream. [Gonads]

Output: endocrine

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Input: Sympathetic nervous system activity causes the adrenal _________ to release hormones, such as adrenaline, which habve effects similar to those of the sympathetic nervous system. [Gonads]

Output: medulla

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Input: The __________ ____________ is the division of the CNS that mediates many of the rapid reflexive responses of our skeletal muscles, such as the reflexive withdrawal of a hand from a burning stove. [Gonads]

Output: spinal cord

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Input: There are two kinds of fibers in the peripheral nervous system: sensory nerves and ___________ nerves. [Gonads]

Output: motor

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Input: Most brain slices are cut in one of ___________ three different planes, which are at right angles to each other. [Gonads]

Output: planes

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Input: Unilateral input to a brain structure is either contralateral or _________. [Gonads]

Output: ipsilateral

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Input: The ___________ or frontal plane is perpendicular to both the horizonal and sagittal planes. [Gonads]

Output: coronal

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Input: Any ____________ section separates the anterior part of the brain from the posterior part. [Gonads]

Output: coronal

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Input: Any _______________ section separates the ventral part of the brain from the dorsal part. [Gonads]

Output: horizontal

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Input: Any __________ section of the brain separates the left ear from the right ear. [Gonads]

Output: sagittal

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Input: The anatomy of the spinal cord is usually studies in a series of ________ sections. [Gonads]

Output: cross

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Input: All contralateral fibers must ______________. [Gonads]

Output: decussate

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Input: In dogs, the direction toward the top of the head is referred to as the _________. [Gonads]

Output: dorsal

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Input: In humans, the direction toward the back of the brain is referred to as ___________. [Gonads]

Output: posterior

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Input: In dogs, the direction toward the back of the brain is referred to as ___________. [Gonads]

Output: posterior

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Input: Toward the midsagittal plane is referred to as _____________. [Gonads]

Output: medial

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Input: Away from the midsagittal plane is referred to as ______________. [Gonads]

Output: lateral

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Input: The nose is _____ to the back of the head in humans. [Gonads]

Output: anterior

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Input: The nose is _____ to the back of the head in dogs. [Gonads]

Output: anterior

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Input: In primates, ventral parts of the brain are often erferred to as ______. [Gonads]

Output: inferior

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Input: In humans, the tip of the nose is inferior, medial, and _______ to the eyes. [Gonads]

Output: anterior

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Input: In primates, but not in other vertebrates, the direction toward the top of the head is often referred to as ________________. [Gonads]

Output: superior

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Input: A section cut from the plane that divides the brain into equal left and right halves, is called a ________ section. [Gonads]

Output: midsagittal

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Input: A lesion to both sides of the brain is said to be a ____________ lesion. [Gonads]

Output: bilateral

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Input: A pathway from the right hand to the left side of the brain is said to be _______________ pathway. [Gonads]

Output: contralateral

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Input: Posterior is also known as ____. [Gonads]

Output: caudal

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Input: Anterior is also known as ___________. [Gonads]

Output: rostral

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Input: APs are _________ potentials, that is they occur full blown or not at all. [Gonads]

Output: all-or-none

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Input: Two kinds of fibers extend from the somas of many neurons: one long __________________ and many shoprt bushy ____________. [Gonads]

Output: axons dendrites

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Input: The tiny bulbous endings of axon branches are called ___________. [Gonads]

Output: buttons

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Input: The ______ of a neuron is the large spherical structure that contains its genetic material. [Gonads]

Output: nucleus

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Input: _____________ potentials are conducted nondecrementally. [Gonads]

Output: Action

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Input: In the cell body, the _______ APPARATUS PACKAGES PROTEINS IN VESICLES FOR TRANSPORT TO OTHER PARTS OF THE NEURON. [Gonads]

Output: Golgi

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Input: The process of neurotransmitter relase is called ____________________. [Gonads]

Output: exocytosis

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Input: Neurotransmitter molecules are often stored in synaptic __________ near the presynaptic membrane. [Gonads]

Output: vesicles

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Input: Together the dendrites and cell body are referred to as the __________ area of a neuron. [Gonads]

Output: receptive

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Input: Action potentials are generated at the axon ___________. [Gonads]

Output: hillock

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Input: Each synapse is sandwiched between a _________ membrane and a ___________ membrane. [Gonads]

Output: presynaptic postsynaptic

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Input: Neurotransmitter molecules, once released, diffuse across the ___________. [Gonads]

Output: synapse

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Input: Prominent in the cytoplasm of the cell body is a system of plate-shaped membranous sacs, much of which as a rough appearance. This structure is called the _____________ ___________. [Gonads]

Output: endoplasmic reticulum

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Input: Neurotransmitted molecules bind in a key-in-lock fashion to postsynaptic _____________. [Gonads]

Output: receptors

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Input: The cone-shaped junction between cell body and the axon is the _____________. [Gonads]

Output: axon hillock

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Input: Proteins are synthesized on ____________, which give the rough endoplasmic reticulum its rough appearance. [Gonads]

Output: ribosomes

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Input: Unlike APs, EPSPs and IPSPs are conducted instantly and _____________. [Gonads]

Output: decrementally

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Input: The ____________ or soma is the metabolic center of a neuron. [Gonads]

Output: cell body

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Input: Gaps in the myelin of myelinated axons are called nodes of ____________. [Gonads]

Output: Ranvier

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Input: Conduction in myelinated axons is called ______ conduction. [Gonads]

Output: saltatory

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Input: In the terminal buttons, the _______________ manufactures synaptic vesicles from fragments of button membrane. [Gonads]

Output: Golgi apparatus

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Input: __________________ myelinate CNS axons. [Gonads]

Output: Ogliodendrocytes

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Input: ______________ receptors are associated with signal proteins and G-proteins. [Gonads]

Output: metabotrophic

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Input: ____________ _________, when open, permit the passage of ions through the cell membrane. [Gonads]

Output: ion channels

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Input: The developing vertebrate nervous system frist becomes visible as a patch of cells on the ____________ surface of the embryo; this patch of cells is called the neural _________. [Gonads]

Output: dorsal plate

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Input: The rhombencephalon, the mesencephalon, and the prosencephalon are known more commonly as the ____________, the ____________, and the ____________, respectively. [Gonads]

Output: hindbrain midbrain forebrain

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Input: The lips of the neural _________ fuse to form the neural tube. [Gonads]

Output: groove

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Input: The alignment of developing neurons into the structures of the nervous system is called ________________. [Gonads]

Output: aggregation

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Input: The telencephalon and the ____________ compose the forebrain. [Gonads]

Output: diencephalon

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Input: In humans, the human neural plate is first apparent about ____ days after conception. [Gonads]

Output: 18

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Input: The _____________ and the myelencephalon compose the hindbrain. [Gonads]

Output: metencephalon

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Input: Migration of neurons occurs along a temporary network of ___________ glial cells. [Gonads]

Output: radial

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Input: The cells of the neural tube proliferate most rapidly at its ____________ end. [Gonads]

Output: anterior

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Input: At the tip of each growing axon is a _________________ __________. [Gonads]

Output: growth cone

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Input: Paradoxically, neuron _____ is an important phase of neural development; it reduces the number of neurons in some parts of the brain by up to 85%. [Gonads]

Output: death

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Input: Many axons become _______________ by ________ cells. [Gonads]

Output: myelinated glial

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Input: During the 4th week of prenatal development, swellings first become visible on the anterior end of the neural tube. At first, there are ____ of them. [Gonads]

Output: 3

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Input: The neural tube develops into the CNS; the neural __________ develops into the PNS. [Gonads]

Output: crest

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Input: Of the brain's five divisions, the most anterior is the ________, and the most posterior is the _________________. [Gonads]

Output: telencephalon myencephalon

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Input: Prior to the development of the neural plate, the cells that will ultimately compose it are ______________. [Gonads]

Output: totipotential

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: _____________ occurs in the part of the neural tube adjacent to its fluid-filled interior. [Gonads]

Output: Proliferation

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Input: The ______________lies between the diencephalon and the metencephalon. [Gonads]

Output: mesencephalon

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Input: Fasciculation results in later growth cones following the trail of the ________ growth cone. [Gonads]

Output: pioneer

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Input: The fact that some axons grow to their correct target cells, even when the target cellsw have been transplatned to a new location supports the ____________ theory. [Gonads]

Output: chemoaffinity

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Input: The fact that some axons grow to the location of their correct target scells, even when the target cells have been removed supports the __________ theory. [Gonads]

Output: blueprint

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Input: The brain is composed of the two cerebral hemispheres and the ____________ _________. [Gonads]

Output: brain stem

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Input: The __________ nerve is the 10th cranial nerve; it is the longest cranial nerve, and it conducts signals to and from the organs of the gut. [Gonads]

Output: vagas

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Input: Together, the diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalong compose the ________ ________. [Gonads]

Output: brain stem

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Input: Tehtoughest menynx is the __________. [Gonads]

Output: dura mater

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Input: Connecting the third and fourth eventricles is the cerebral _____________. [Gonads]

Output: aqueduct

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Input: Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the ____________ space, the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. [Gonads]

Output: subarachnoid

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Input: The pia mater adheres to the surface of the _________ nervous system. [Gonads]

Output: central

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Input: The spinal cord has no ventricles; instead it has the ___________ ____________. [Gonads]

Output: central canal

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Input: The _____ _____________ is located in the third ventricle and connects the left and right diencephalon. [Gonads]

Output: massa intermedia

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Input: The ____________ ventricles are the two ventricles of the cerebral hemispheres. [Gonads]

Output: lateral

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Input: The inner menynx is the _______ ________. [Gonads]

Output: pia mater

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When babies are born with tumors near the cerebral aqueduct, ___________ is often the result. [Gonads]

Output: hydrocephalus

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The most posterior area of the brain stem is the _____________. [Gonads]

Output: myencephalon

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tracts are to nuclei as nerves are to _______________. [Gonads]

Output: ganglia

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: There are ____ pairs of crainial nerves. [Gonads]

Output: 12

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The corpus callosum is the largest cerebral _______________. [Gonads]

Output: commisure

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The _____________ fissure divides the two cerebral hemispheres. [Gonads]

Output: longitudinal

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves are the three pairs of purely ____________ cranial nerves. [Gonads]

Output: sensory

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The motor fibers of the cranial nerves are considered to be part of the ______________ division of the autonomic nervous system. [Gonads]

Output: parasympathetic

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Together, the two cerebral hemispheres compose the _____________. [Gonads]

Output: telencephalon

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The ___________ nerve is the 5th cranial nerve; it has three major branches, which carry signals to and from the face. [Gonads]

Output: trigeminal

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tracts and nerves are composed mainly of ___________. [Gonads]

Output: axons

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The two cerebral ventricles that are located on the midline of the brain are the __________and ___________ ventricles. [Gonads]

Output: 3rd 4th

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The plural of menynx is ______________. [Gonads]

Output: meninges

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The myelencephalon is commonly called the ____________. [Gonads]

Output: medulla

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In general, each cerebral hemisphere controls the __________ side of the body. [Gonads]

Output: contralateral

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Running up the core of the brain stem from the medulla to the midbrain is the ________ ______________; it plays a role in alertness, attention, and sleep. [Gonads]

Output: reticular formation

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The tectum comprises two pairs of nuclei: the _________ superior colliculi, which play a role in vision, and the _________ colliculi, which play a role in audition. [Gonads]

Output: Superior inferior

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Input: The metencephalon minus the cerebellum equals the ________. [Gonads]

Output: pons

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The __ ___________________ is located in the _________ ventricle between the two lobes of the thalamus. [Gonads]

Output: massa intermedia third

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Input: Cranial nerves 5, 6, 7, and 8 extend from the ___ to the metencephalon [Gonads]

Output: pons

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The myencephalon consists mainly of ____________ matter. [Gonads]

Output: white

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The cerebellum is connected to the rest of the brain by the three pairs of cerebellar _______, the most inferior of which connects the cerebellum to the ____________ of the medulla. [Gonads]

Output: peduncles olives

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The ____________________ tracts, which are major/descending movement pathways, decussate in theposterior part of the medulla. [Gonads]

Output: pyramidal

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Releasing factors are released by hypothalamic neurons into hypothatamopituitary portal system, which carries them to the ________ pituitary. [Gonads]

Output: anterior

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Input: The cerebellum is part of the ______________. [Gonads]

Output: metencephalon

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Oxytocin and vasopressin are synthesized and released by neurons that have their cell bodies in the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus of the ________________ and their terminal buttons in the _________ pituitary. [Gonads]

Output: HYPOTHALAMUS POSTERIOR

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The ventral posterior, lateral geniculate, and medial geniculate are sensory relay nuclei that are located in the ___________. [Gonads]

Output: thalamus

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Input: Damage to the _______________ results in ataxia. [Gonads]

Output: cerebellum

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The ventromedial nuclei, suprachiasmatic nuclei, and mammillary bodies are nuclei of the ___________. [Gonads]

Output: hypothalamus

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Input: Strictly speaking, it is not the pituitary that releases topic hormones; it is the ______________ pituitary. [Gonads]

Output: anterior

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Input: The cerebral aqueduct is located in the ____________. [Gonads]

Output: mesencephalon

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The mesencephalon minus the tegmentum equals the ______________. [Gonads]

Output: tectum

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The left and right cerebralo hemispheres are separated by the __________ fissure. [Gonads]

Output: longitudinal

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Input: The _________________ is an allocortical structure of the medial temporal lobes. [Gonads]

Output: hippocampus

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Just superior to the corpus callosum is the ________ cortex, which is a structure of the limbic system. [Gonads]

Output: cingulate

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Input: At the posterior pole of each hemisphere is the ___________ lobe. [Gonads]

Output: occipital

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Input: Most human cerebral cortex is neocortex; only about 10% is ____________. [Gonads]

Output: allocortex

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Input: The caudate, putamemn,globus pallidus, and amygdala are collectively referred to as the ____________ ____________. [Gonads]

Output: basal ganglia

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Input: Association areas receive much of their input from _______ sensory areas. [Gonads]

Output: secondary

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Input: The primary motor area receives substantial input from the ______________ motor areas. [Gonads]

Output: secondary

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Input: Caudate plus putmen equals ______________. [Gonads]

Output: striatum

Brain Anatomy.db Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Parkinson's disease is characterized by a deterioration of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra to the _______________. [Gonads]

Output: striatum

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Input: The _________ and ______________ gyri are on opposie sides of the central fissure; their functions are motor and sensory, respectively. [Gonads]

Output: pre control post control

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Input: Each area of secondary sensory cortex receives input from only one _________ sensory area. [Gonads]

Output: primary

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Input: The primary gustatory cortex is in the parietal lobe, largely out of site in the _______________ fissure. [Gonads]

Output: lateral

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Input: [A- AN-] ABSCESS

Output: localized collection of pus in a cavity in tissue

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ACHALASIA

Output: failure of relaxation of smooth muscle fibers

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ACHLORHYDRIA

Output: absence of hydrochloric acid secretion by stomach

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ACUTE

Output: relatively serious and severe; having a brief course

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Output: an acute nonsuppurative inflammatory disease of all glomeruli of both kidneys

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ADENOCARCINOMA

Output: malignant tumor arising in glandular epithelium

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ADENOMA

Output: benign tumor arising in glandular epithelium

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ADHESION

Output: ability to remain together; also, scar tissue joining two parts usually separate

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] AGENESIS

Output: failure of formation of a body part

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ALLERGY

Output: altered capacity to react, especially in regard to foreign protein

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] AMYLOIDOSIS

Output: a disease characterized by extracellular deposition in connective tissue of a carbohydrate protein material, amyloid

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ANAPHYLAXIS

Output: exaggerated or unusual reaction of the organism to foreign protein

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ANASARCA

Output: accumulation of fluid in cellular tissues of body; diffuse edema

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ANEMIA

Output: reduction or deficiency of blood either in quantity or in quality

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ANEURYSM

Output: sac full of blood formed by dilation of the walls of an artery or vein

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ANGINA

Output: choking or suffocating sensation or pain

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ANGIOMA

Output: a tumor of blood vessels

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ANTHRACOSIS

Output: pneumoconiosis or lung-dust disease due to inhalation of coal pigment; coal pigmentation

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ANTIBODY

Output: new protein produced by organism in response to foreign protein or other material combining with protein, i.e., antigen

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ANTIGEN

Output: foreign protein or material capable of combining with protein which causes body to form a new protein, the antibody

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ANURIA

Output: absence of urine production

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ARGYRIA

Output: pigmentation due to silver salt

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ARTERIOSCLEROSIS

Output: group of arterial diseases characterized by thickening of the vessels, frequently with hardening and/or calcification

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ARTHRITIS

Output: inflammation of a joint

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ASCHOFF BODY

Output: characteristic myocardial connective tissue change in rheumatic fever, cellular collection of mononuclear and giant cells around focus of fibrinoid necrosis

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ASCITES

Output: accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ASPHYXIA

Output: suffocation; anoxia with increase of carbon dioxide

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ATELECTASIS

Output: incomplete expansion, especially of the lungs

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ATHEROMA

Output: lesion produced in intima of arteries with focal accumulation of lipids, complex carbohydrates, proteins, blood and blood products, fibrous tissue and calcium deposits and associated with changes in media

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ATRESIA

Output: absence or closure of a normal body opening

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] ATROPHY

Output: decrease in size of cell, tissue, organ, part of or the whole body

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] AUTO

Output: prefix relating to self or to same individuals; e.g., autograph, transplantation of tissue from one part to another of the same animal

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] AUTOLYSIS

Output: literally self-lysis, a series of changes following death of an organism

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] BACTEREMIA

Output: presence of bacteria in the blood

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] BENIGN

Output: not harmful, not malignant

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] BRONCHIECTASIS

Output: chronic dilatation of bronchi

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] BRONCHITIS

Output: inflammation of the bronchi

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CACHEXIA

Output: body-wasting plus anemia

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CALCIFICATION

Output: deposition of calcium from blood and other body fluids

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CALCULUS

Output: concretion occurring within organism, made up in whole or in part of mineral salts

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CAPUT MEDUSA

Output: distention of superficial veins of abdomen centering on umbilicus as collateral circulation in portal vein obstruction

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CARBUNCLE

Output: compound necrotizing inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissues, usually due to staphylococcal infection

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CARCINOGEN

Output: cancer-producing substance or force

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CARCINOID

Output: argentaffin tumor, usually of intestinal tract

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CARCINOMA

Output: malignant epithelial tumor

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CARCINOMA IN SITU

Output: malignant epithelial cells within normal confines or limits in the body; preinvasive carcinoma

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CASEATION

Output: type of necrosis in which involved tissue resembles cheese grossly

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CEROID

Output: wax-like material found as crystals in disease states

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CHARCOT JOINT

Output: damage to joint following nerve injury, as in tabes dorsalis

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CHEMOTAXIS

Output: cellular phenomenon of moving toward or away from a certain material

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CHONDRO-

Output: prefix referring to cartilage

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CHOREA

Output: convulsive nervous movements, both involuntary and irregular

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CHRONIC

Output: tending to long course; opposite of acute

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CIRRHOSIS

Output: hardening, usually of liver

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CLONE

Output: strain of cells deriving from single cell

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] COAGULATION

Output: process of changing into or being changed into a clot

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] COMA

Output: depressed consciousness with absence of response to stimuli

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] COMMUNICATION

Output: transfer of information

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] COMPATIBLE

Output: capable of coexistence without injury

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CONTINUITY

Output: quality of duration, existence over a serial period of time

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CONTROL

Output: that which directs, checks or restrains

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] COR PULMONALE

Output: pulmonary heart disease; disease of heart secondary to disease of lungs or their vessels

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CRESCENT

Output: epithelial proliferation in space of Bowman's capsule in subacute and chronic glomerulonephritis

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CRETIN

Output: one whose physical and mental development has been retarded or arrested due to thyroid deficiency

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CYANOSIS

Output: blueness of the skin, or other part of body, due to insufficient oxygen

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CYST

Output: sac containing usually a fluid or semisolid material

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] CYSTITIS

Output: inflammation of the urinary bladder

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] DE-

Output: prefix meaning away from

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] DEFINITION

Output: statement of the precise nature of a thing or meaning of a word

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] DEGENERATION

Output: retrogressive changes of cells short of necrosis

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] DEVELOPMENT

Output: series of changes characteristic of organism, including existence over serial period of time, growth and acquisition of new properties

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] DIABETES

Output: literally "passing through"; increased urine output: diabetes mellitus and insipidus

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] DIAGNOSIS

Output: determination of the nature of a condition or disease or a hypothetical concept concerning this

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [A- AN-] DIAPEDESIS

Output: passage of cells through capillary wall

Pathology: Glossary Terms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

prefix meaning without, or lack of, (e.g., aplasia, lack of growth)


Input: [normal view] outline tab

Output: to work effectively on all slides

Practical Computer Literacy Capter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

vie convenient for building the basic structure of your presentation and for adding speaker notes


Input: [normal view] slides tab

Output: add graphics and visual effects to one lside at a time

Practical Computer Literacy Capter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

vie convenient for building the basic structure of your presentation and for adding speaker notes


Input: [normal view] slide sorter view

Output: allows you to view miniturized versions of all the slides in a presentation - easy to arrange slides as needed

Practical Computer Literacy Capter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

vie convenient for building the basic structure of your presentation and for adding speaker notes


Input: [normal view] hide slides

Output: What should you do if you want to give a condensed version of your presentation?

Practical Computer Literacy Capter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

vie convenient for building the basic structure of your presentation and for adding speaker notes


Input: [normal view] transition

Output: an effect that specifies how a slide replaces the previous slide during a presentation

Practical Computer Literacy Capter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

vie convenient for building the basic structure of your presentation and for adding speaker notes


Input: [normal view] automatically after

Output: caused the slide to advance after a specified amount of time

Practical Computer Literacy Capter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

vie convenient for building the basic structure of your presentation and for adding speaker notes


Input: [normal view] slide master

Output: a template you can modify to create a consistent look for your presentation - all slides can be changed at once

Practical Computer Literacy Capter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

vie convenient for building the basic structure of your presentation and for adding speaker notes


Input: [normal view] animation effects

Output: typically used to draw attention to bullets as they appear on the slide during a presentation

Practical Computer Literacy Capter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

vie convenient for building the basic structure of your presentation and for adding speaker notes


Input: [normal view] speaker notes

Output: remind you what to say about each slide - contain printed versions of each slide to allow you to maintain eye contact with your audience

Practical Computer Literacy Capter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

vie convenient for building the basic structure of your presentation and for adding speaker notes


Input: [normal view] frame slides option

Output: gives handouts a professional look by drawing a thin black line around them

Practical Computer Literacy Capter 14 Flashcards - Cram.com

vie convenient for building the basic structure of your presentation and for adding speaker notes


Input: The government gave land to the states to start finance argricultural colleges. MSU was the first !!!

Output: Morrill Land Grant Act

U. S. History (Ch. 5&6) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Was a soddy made out of prarie turf

Output: A house people lived in on the prarie

U. S. History (Ch. 5&6) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: was likely to live a earning in the Great Plains.

Output: A lumberman

U. S. History (Ch. 5&6) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the white settlers wanted their land

Output: Native Americans moved to Reservations because

U. S. History (Ch. 5&6) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Wanted to help the Indians adopt to the white culture

Output: Why was Assmilation to Indians important?

U. S. History (Ch. 5&6) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The battle of Wounded Knee

Output: What stopped the battles between the Government and Indians

U. S. History (Ch. 5&6) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Environmental Conditions] Inducible (adaptive), constitutive, and repressible

Output: Enzymes in gene regulation may be (3 things)

Genetics Chapter 17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Flashcards - Cram.com

Proaryotes regulate gene expression in response to what?


Input: [Environmental Conditions] Positive Control and Negative control

Output: Regulation may be under (2 things)

Genetics Chapter 17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Flashcards - Cram.com

Proaryotes regulate gene expression in response to what?


Input: [Environmental Conditions] Cis-acting

Output: Regulatory elements that are almost always located upstream of the gene cluster they control

Genetics Chapter 17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Flashcards - Cram.com

Proaryotes regulate gene expression in response to what?


Input: [Environmental Conditions] Trans-acting elements

Output: The molecules that bind cis-acting sites

Genetics Chapter 17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Flashcards - Cram.com

Proaryotes regulate gene expression in response to what?


Input: [Environmental Conditions] Inducible System -were the enzymes responsible for lactose metabolism are inducible and lactose is the inducer

Output: Lactose Metabolism in E. Coli is regulated by an

Genetics Chapter 17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Flashcards - Cram.com

Proaryotes regulate gene expression in response to what?


Input: [Environmental Conditions] Lac operon

Output: Has 3 strucural genes (lacZ, lacY, and lacA) with an upstream regulatory region consisting of an operator and a promoter.

Genetics Chapter 17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Flashcards - Cram.com

Proaryotes regulate gene expression in response to what?


Input: [Environmental Conditions] ß-galactosidase

Output: The lacZ gene encodes what enzyme that converts the disaccharide lactose to the monosaccharides glucose and galactose?

Genetics Chapter 17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Flashcards - Cram.com

Proaryotes regulate gene expression in response to what?


Input: [Environmental Conditions] Permease

Output: The lacY gene specifies the primary structure of what enzyme that facilitates the entry of lactose into the bacterial cell?

Genetics Chapter 17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Flashcards - Cram.com

Proaryotes regulate gene expression in response to what?


Input: [Environmental Conditions] Transacetylase

Output: The lacA gene codes for what enzyme that may be involved in the removal of toxic by-products of lactose digestion from the cell?

Genetics Chapter 17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Flashcards - Cram.com

Proaryotes regulate gene expression in response to what?