Input: What has the highest global warming potential?

Output: sulfur hexaflouride

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: What are the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions (in order from least to most)

Output: waste industrial processes agriculture international transport energy

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: What are four effects of climate change?

Output: Heat Storms (frequency and intensity) Sea level rise (erosion, salt penetration) Non-uniform, cumulative

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: What are some impacts of climate change on human health?

Output: increase in vector-borne diseases? increases in heat-related deaths increase in urban air pollution; increase in respiratory illnesses

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: Sea Levels have risen ______ over the past 100 years

Output: 10-25 cm

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: What are some effects of climate change on agriculture?

Output: Shorter growing seasons Droughts Floods Water shortages More Weeds More Pests

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: What are 8 solutions to climate change?

Output: Less carbon-intensive fuels Renewables Efficiency Policy changes Incentives Carbon sequestration Global development Adaptation

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: What is activity data?

Output: Activity data quantifies an activity in a specific unit related to the activity

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: What are some examples of energy data?

Output: Therms or cubic meters of natural gas Gallons or liters of heating oil Kilowatt hours of electricity Business miles or kilometers traveled

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: How does one calculate emissions?

Output: Activity data x Emissions factor = GHG emissions

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: An emissions factor is

Output: An emissions factor converts activity data to emissions values

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion


Input: [social revolution] 3 requirements to fit definition of revolution

Output: existing regime toppled by mass-based rebellion old state must collapse new elites must build new state and start from scratch

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] 2 reasons revolution is rare

Output: difficult to sustain a mass uprising states are robust and do not collapse easily

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] misery breeds revolt

Output: the more people suffer, the more likely revolution is to occur

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] leadership theory of revolution

Output: professional revolutionaries take advantage of poverty, dissatisfaction to lead revolutions (not just about leader; structural conditions matter)

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] Marxist Theory of Revolution

Output: those classes who are not benefiting challenge the system inevitable and critical

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] Relative Deprivation Theory

Output: frustrated expectations for economic conditions leads to revolution expectations have to have been rising for some time

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] 2 problems with revolution theories

Output: overestimate poor's ability to rebel (collective action problem) underestimate ability of state to resist rebellion

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] collective action problem and revolution

Output: participation for individuals has high costs and few benefits (free rider problem must be overcome for revolution)

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] reason for state power to resist revolution

Output: control coercive apparatus

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] state-centered approach to social revolution (Skocpol)

Output: combination of state weakness and peasant insurrection makes revolution possible

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] reasons for vulnerability of agrarian bureaucracies to revolution (Skocpol)

Output: state not autonomous from landowners; cannot weaken their role cannot tax rich or poor weak coercive apparatus due to low revenue, military defeat

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] conditions that make peasant rebellion more likely (Skocpol)

Output: internal solidarity (sustains collective action) autonomy (live separately from landowners)

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] problems with Skocpol's structural theory

Output: not very voluntaristic discounts ideology as solution to collective action problem multiclass revolutionary coalition and permissive int'l community also needed

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] 3 paths to industrialization

Output: private sector-driven state-driven mixed

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] the difference between industrialization and modernization

Output: modernization includes social and political changes

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] advanced industrial nations

Output: high GDP industrialized during 19th century eliminated basic problems decades ago majority in middle class

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] newly or moderately industrial nations

Output: medium GDP industrialized 1950-2000 citizens not quite as wealthy

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] middle income nations

Output: some industrialization but uneven major cities are developed huge pockets of poverty

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] low income

Output: very low GDP lack basic services not industrialized majority of countries

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] Weber's cultural approach to capitalist development in the west

Output: Protestant values (individualism, hard work, etc) made capitalism possible

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] Modernization theory (Lipset, Ulmand)

Output: countries in the developing world can develop economically and politically in one generation to resemble West

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] modernization theory ignores 4 things:

Output: cultural differences historical timing international economy relative state power

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] theory of relative backwardness

Output: when neighbors are developing, there is pressure to develop because of military survival of the fittest but existing inventions (steel, railroad, etc) makes industrialization easier

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] dependency theory

Output: unequal and exploitative relationship between core and periphery leads to permanent underdevelopment of 3rd world

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] ISI

Output: import substitution industrialization protecting infant industries by limiting imports used by NICs until 1960s

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] NICs and Neoclassical Economic theory

Output: focused on exports like NET recommends but did not focus on comparative adv., rather jumped to heavy industry and was state-led and funded

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] 3 traits of developmental state

Output: autonomous (able to formulate and pursue goals independent of social gropus) interventionist (plays major role in economy, regulates trade) business friendly (state intervenes on behalf of business)

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] why developmental states must be authoritarian (4 reasons)

Output: state officials must be insulated from democratic pressure policies must be sustained for long periods wages must be kept low

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] EOI

Output: export oriented industrialization, used in NIC since 1960s

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] why can't NIC model be generalized? difficult to create developmental state because

Output: born of very specific historical conditions - tons of economic and military aid - U.S. opened markets - particularly good time to be exporting

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] Przeworski's empirical study

Output: found that as GDP per capita rises, probability of democracy rises

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] endogenous explanation for correlation between democracy and GDP

Output: democracy is the final stage of development (very thin empirical support: no magic GDP threshold for democratization)

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] exogenous explanation for correlation between democracy and GDP

Output: democracy survives because of economic development but develops independently (some empirical support) cost of dictatorial takeover increases with GNP wealthy gov'ts do not have to choose between growth and feeding people

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] how is democracy bad for growth (3 reasons)?

Output: newly enfranchised poor want social programs, undercutting funding for growth left-wing policies could support short-term consumption instead of long-term growth politicians will be populist and spend money on increasing wages, benefits

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] how is democracy good for growth? (4)

Output: democracies are better at constraining leaders (holding them accountable) better at protecting property rights dem based on free choice, individual pursuit, capitalist activity better flow of information prevents economic collapse

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] what is regime's effect on growth in poor countries?

Output: it makes little difference; nature of poverty leaves no room for development and makes state weak

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] regime type and growth rates

Output: only dictatorships have ever had growth over 7% or under 1% democracies have more stable growth and avoid disasters like famine

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] competitive authoritarianism

Output: a state with formal democratic institutions that are repeatedly violated by its leaders to retain control

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] partial reforms

Output: reforms in Russia that were intended to promote the free market but the state kept control over the economy

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] oligarchs

Output: those that controlled businesses in Russia and were very powerful

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] collective action problem

Output: the high costs and low benefits of participating in a revolution create a free rider problem

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] relative backwardness

Output: the theory that unmet expectations for development leads to frustration that will eventually cause revolution

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] dependency and dependent development

Output: an unequal and exploitative relationship between core nations and periphery nations

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] core and periphery

Output: core - developed countries periphery - developing countries

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] state autonomy

Output: the independence of state bureaucracy from the demands of its people that allows developmental states to employ unpopular reforms

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] developmental state

Output: an authoritarian state that deploys long-term, often unpopular reforms in order to bring about quick development

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [social revolution] neoclassical economics

Output: the economic theory that free trade and lack of state intervention is the best path to development

the rapid, fundamental, and often violent transformation of state structure, class structure, and dominant ideology, which is accompanied by mass-based revolt from below


Input: [alliteration] Anaphora

Output: reptition of words or phrases for emphasis

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Chiasmus

Output: arrangment of words or phrases in an oppositional, ABBA order, often to emphasize some contrast or to create a word-picture

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Enjambement

Output: delay of the final word of phrase of a sentence to the beginning of the following verse, to emphasize an idea or create suspense

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Golden Line

Output: A form of interlocked word order in which a verb is positioned in the middle of the verse, with adjective preceding and nouns following in symmetrical arrangement

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Hendiadys

Output: use of 2 nouns connected by a conjunction often instead of one modified now expressing a single, complex idea. the usual effect is to give equal prominence to an image that would ordinarily be subordinated

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Interlocked Word Order

Output: Arrangement of related pairs of words in an alternating ABAB pattern often emphasizing the close relationship between two thoughts

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Litotes

Output: Generally understatement by denying the opposite

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Metonymy

Output: when a one word suggests another closly related word

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Polysyndeton

Output: Use of extra conjunctions

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Synecdoche

Output: a type of metonymy in which a part is named in place of an entire object, or a metrial for a thing made of that material, or an individual in place of a class

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Zeugma

Output: use of single word with a pair of others. when it logically applies to only one of them, or applies to both in two different ways

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Where is Daedalus confined and by whom?

Output: Island of Crete by King Minos

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] "Terras licet," inquit, "et undas obstruat, at caelum certe patet; ibimus illac! Who is he talking to?

Output: "The king may control the land and the sea, but he does not control the sky. We can escape through the sky!" His Son

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Warning to his Son

Output: Son, it is time for us to try to escape. Stay by my side at all times and don't go too far. If you fly lower than me your wings may become damp from the fog and sea. If you fly much higher than me, the wax of the wings will melt in the heat of the sun."

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Two Constellations

Output: Ursa Major = Great Bear Bootes = The Herdsman

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] fistula...avenis

Output: the Shephard's Pipe

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Pericula [Line 196]

Output: Common Syncope (contraction)

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] Why are they forced to stay on Crete?

Output: Daedalus is charged with killing his nephew

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] nato...suo

Output: The father's kisses will basically never be repeated again

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] damnosas...

Output: refer to the episode's grim conclusion

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] tremula...harundine

Output: pole is quivering either because he has a fish on the line or because he himself is trembling in amazement at the sight of Daedalus and Icarus

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] pastor...arator

Output: chiasmus....innixus modifies both nouns and governs BACULO and STIVA

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What was Icarus' mistake?

Output: Flew too close to the hot sun which melted his wings.

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What signs of emotion does Daedalus show while speaking to Icarus?

Output: sadness and warning

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What is Daedalus compared to as he sets off?

Output: A young bird setting out from the nest for the first time

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What did the people that saw them think of the flight?

Output: They were agape with amazement

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What caused Daedalus' agitation?

Output: He was worried because his son was acting carefree, unworried of the journey ahead.

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What form of verb do they use?

Output: Historic Present

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What materials does Daedalus fasten the feathers with?

Output: Wax, thread

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What is Icarus failing to realize?

Output: The danger for himself

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What does Icarus do while his father is working?

Output: Icarus is playing games, not paying attention to what is happening.

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What goes on at the end of Part II?

Output: Icarus is winged and testing his wings. The journey has begun.

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [alliteration] What did the arrangement of the feathers represent?

Output: Bird's wings

deliberate repition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds, in successive words, for musical effect


Input: [Heart] tricuspid valve

Output: located btwn the r. atrium and right ventricle

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] mitral valve

Output: located between the left atrium and left ventricle

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] semilunar valves

Output: pulmonary and aortic valves located btwn the r. ventricle and the pulmonary artery and btwn the l. ventricle and aorta

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] pericardium

Output: 2-layer sac consisting of an external fibrous and internal serous layer; serous layer secretes a fluid that facilitates movement of the heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] 3 layers of the heart epicardium myocardium endocardium

Output: covers the heart middle, thick muscular layer inner lining of the heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] blood vessels

Output: tubelike structures that carry blood thruout the body

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] arteries

Output: bllod vessels that carry blood away from the heart; all arteries except the pulmonary artery carry oxygen and other nutrients from heart to body cells

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] arterioles

Output: smallest arteries

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] aorta

Output: largest artery in the body, orginating at the l. ventricle and descending thru the thorax and abdomen

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] veins

Output: blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. all, veins (except pulmonary veins) carry blood containg CO2 and other waste products

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] venules

Output: smallest veins

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] venae cavae

Output: largest veins in the body; inferior vena cava carries blood to th heart from the body parts below the diaphragm, and superior vena cavae returns the blood to the heart and upper body

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] capillaries

Output: microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules; materials are passed btwn the blood and tissue thru the capillary walls

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] blood

Output: composed of plasma and formed elements. such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] plasma

Output: clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of the blood in which cells are suspended; plasma approx. 90% water, and makes up 55% of blood volume

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] erythrocytes

Output: RBC that carry oxygen; develop in bone marrow

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] leukocytes

Output: WBC that combat infection and respond to inflammation; 5 types

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] platelets (thrombocytes)

Output: one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] serum

Output: clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] lymph

Output: transparent, colorless tissue fluid that on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph; contains lymphocytes and monocytes; one-way flow direction to the heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] lymphatic vessels

Output: transport lymph from body tissues to the chest; provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from tissues to ducts in the chest

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] lymph nodes

Output: small, spherical bodies composed of lymph tissue; filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood; also produce lymphocytes

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] spleen

Output: located in th eleft sid eof the abdominal cavity btwn the stomach and the diaphragm; in adulthood, spleen is the lrgest lymphatic organ; cleanses blood from microorg., stores blood, and destroys old RBCs

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] thymus gland

Output: one of the primary lymphatic organs; plays imp. role in the development of the body's immune system, particulary form infancy to puberty (then atrophies)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] angioma hematoma lymphoma thyoma

Output: tumor composed of blood vessels " of blood "" lymphatic tissue " thymus gland

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] angiostenosis aortic stenosis

Output: narrowing of a blood vessel " pertaining to aorta

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] arteriosclerosis atherosclerosis

Output: hardening of the arteries " of fatty plaque

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] bradycardia

Output: condition of slow heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiodynia

Output: pain in the heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiomegaly

Output: enlargement of the heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiomyopathy Lymphadenopathy

Output: disease of the heart muscle "" lymph nodes (chara. abnormal enlrgemnt of lymph nodes assoc. w/ infection)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiovalvulitis (valvlitis)/ endocarditis myocarditis/ pericarditis phlebitis/ polyarteritis/ thombophlebitis/ lymphadentitis

Output: inflammation of the valves of the heart/ inner lining of the heart/ muscle of the heart/ sac surrounding the heart/ vein/ many arteries/ a vein assoc. with a clot/ lymph nodes

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] ischemia

Output: deficiency of blood (flow)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] tachycardia

Output: abnormal state of rapid heart (rate of more than 100 beats per min.)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] multiple myeloma

Output: tumors of the bone marrow

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] pancytopenia

Output: abnormal reduction of all blood cells

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] thrombosis

Output: abnormal condition of a blood clot

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] thrombus

Output: blood clot (attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] splenomegaly

Output: enlargement of the spleen

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] lymphadenopathy

Output: disease of the lymph nodes

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Output: sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] aneurysm

Output: ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] angina pectoris

Output: chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] arrhythmia

Output: any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] atrial fibrillation (AFib)

Output: cardiac arrhythmia chara. by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria. The atria quiver instead of contracting, causing irregular ventricular response and the ejection of a reduced amt of blood

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiac arrest

Output: sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiac tamponade

Output: acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] coarctation aorta

Output: congenital cardiac condition chara. by a narrowing of the aorta

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] congenital heart d.

Output: heart abnormality present at birth

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] congestive heart failure (CHF)

Output: inability of the heart to pump enough blood thru the body to supply the tissues and organs w/ nutrients and oxygen

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] coronary artery d. (CAD)

Output: condition that reduces the flow of blood thru the coronary arteries to the myocardium, denying the myocardial tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function fully

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] coronary occlusion

Output: obstruction of an artery of the heart, usu. form atherosclerosis. Coronary occlusion can lead to acute myocardial infarction

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Output: condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. Most often occurs in the lower extremities

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hypertensive heart d.

Output: disorder of the heart brought about by persistent high blood pressure

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] intermittent claudication

Output: pain and joint discomfort in calf muscles while walking; a condition seen in occlusive artery d.

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] mitral valve stenosis

Output: narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring; usu. caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] myocardial infarction (MI)

Output: death of a portion of the myocardium caused by a lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (aka. heart attack)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] peripheral arterial d. (PAD)

Output: d. of the arteries, other than those of the heart and brain, that affects blood circulation, such as atherosclerosis and Raynaud d.

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] rheumatic heart d.

Output: damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] varicose veins

Output: distended or tortuous veins usu. found in the lower extremities

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] anemia

Output: reduction in the amt. of hemoglobin in RBC. may be caused by blood loss or decrease in production or increase in the destruction of RBC

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] ambolus

Output: blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves unitl it is lodges at another pt in circulation

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hemophilia

Output: inherited bleeding d. most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] leukemia

Output: malignant d. char. by excessive increase in abnormal WBC formed in the bone marrow

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] Hodgkin d.

Output: malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue chara. by a progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usu. beginning in the cervical nodes

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] infectious mononucleosis

Output: acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus chara. by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever. affects mostly young pp and transmitted by saliva

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] angioplasty

Output: surgical repair of a blood vessel

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] atherectomy

Output: excision of fatty plaque

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] endarterectomy

Output: excision w/n the artery (excision of plaque from arterial wall)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] pericardiocentesis

Output: surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the outer layer (pericardial sac); used to treat cardiac tamponade)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] phlebotomy

Output: incision into a vein (to remove blood or to give blood or intravenous fluids)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] valvuloplasty

Output: surgical repair of a valve

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] splenectomy

Output: excision of the spleen

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] splenopexy

Output: surgical fixation of the slpeen

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] thymectomy

Output: excision of the thymus gland

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] aneurysmectomy

Output: surgical excision of an aneurysm

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] atrial fibrillation

Output: procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed by using radio frequency energy

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiac pacemaker

Output: battery-powered appartus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] coronary stent

Output: supportive scaffold device implanted in the coronary artery; used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] emblolectomy

Output: surgical removal of an embolus or clot (usu. with a balloon catheter)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] femoropopliteal bypass

Output: surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)

Output: device implanted in the body that continously monitors the heart rhythm

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] intracoronary thrombolytic

Output: injection of an intravenous medication to dissolve blood clots in coronary blood vessels

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Output: procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed. Inflammation of the balloon presses the plaque against the vessel wall, expanding the inner diameter (aka balloon angioplasty)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] bone marrow aspiration

Output: syringe is used to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow; usu. from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor d. and condition of blood cells

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] bone marrow biopsy

Output: needle puncture to obtain a sample of bone marrow cells, usu. from ilium for study; used to diagnose stage and monitor d. and condition of blood cells

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] bone marrow transplant

Output: infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor with matching cells and tissue to a recipient with a certain type of leukemia and anemia

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] angiography venography

Output: radiographic imaging of blood vessels/ a vein

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] angioscope

Output: instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] angioscopy

Output: visual examination of a blood vessel

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] aortogram arteriogram venogram

Output: radiographic image of the aorta/ artery/ vein (after injection of contrast medium)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] echocardiogram (ECHO) electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

Output: record of the heart (structure and motion) using sound/ electrical activity of the heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] electrocardiograph

Output: instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] electrocardiography

Output: process of recording the electrical activity of the heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

Output: process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures not being studied

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] Doppler ultrasound

Output: study that uses sound for the detection of blood flow w/n the vessels; used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, and other blood flow abnormalities

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] exercise stress test

Output: study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Output: nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles; a tracer substance such as a sestamibi or thallium is injected intravenously; used to assess damage to cardiac tissue

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] thallium test

Output: nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery d, and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery. Thallium, radioactive isotope, is injected intravenously and taken up by normal myocardial cells; a radiation detector is placed over the heart and images are recorded

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

Output: ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiac catheterization

Output: examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels; a catheter is passed into th heart thru a blood vessel and is used to record pressures and inject a contrast medium, enabling the visualization of coronary arteries, great vessels, and the heart cahmbers

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] impedance plethysmography

Output: measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysomograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volumes and resistance in the vein; used to detect deep vein thrombosis

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] auscultation

Output: hearing sounds w/n the body thru a stethoscope

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] blood pressure

Output: pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls; written as systolic pressure (120) and diastolic pressure (80)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] percussion

Output: tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] pulse

Output: numbers of times per minute the heartbeat is felt on the arterial wall. The pulse is most commonly felt over the radial artery

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] sphygmomanometer

Output: device used for measuring blood pressure

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] stethoscope

Output: instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] C-reactive protein

Output: blood test used to measure the amt of C-reactive protein in the blood, which , when elevated indicates inflammation- assess risk of cardio. d

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] creatine phosphokinase

Output: blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of the heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] homocysteine

Output: blood test used to measure the amt of homocysteine in the blood; homocysteine is an aa that if elevated may indicate an increased risk of cardio. d.

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] lipid profile

Output: blood test used to measure the amt of lipids in a blood sample; used to evaluate the risk of developing cardio. d and to monitor therapy of existing d.; provide levels of total cholestreol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, VLDL

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] troponin

Output: blood test that measures troponin, a heart muscle enzyme; released into the blood every 3 hr. after necrosis of the heart muscle and may remain elevated for 7-10 days

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] coagulation time

Output: blood test used to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] complete blood count (CBC) and differential count (Diff)

Output: basic blood screening that measures hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC # and morphology, leukocyte count, wbc differential count, and platelet count; provides a tremendous amt of info about the blood

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hematocrit

Output: blood test used to measure the volume and number of rbc; used in diagnosis and evaluation of anemic patients

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hemoglobin

Output: blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components (henoglobin) in RBC

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] prothrombin time

Output: blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] atrioventricular cardiac intravenous

Output: pertaining to the atrium and ventricle/ heart/ w/n the vein

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiogenic

Output: orginating in the heart

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiologist phlebologist hematologist

Output: physician who studies and treats d. of the heart/ veins/ blood

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiology phlebology hematology

Output: study of the heart (branch of medicine that deals with d. of the heart and blood vessels/ veins/ blood

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hypothermia

Output: condition of body temp. that is below normal

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hematopoiesis myelopoiesus

Output: formation of blood (cells)/ bone marrow

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hemolysis thrombolysis

Output: dissolution of RBC/ clot

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hemostasis

Output: stoppage of bleeding

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] plasmapheresis

Output: removal of plasma (from withdrawn blood)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Output: emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation and external cardiac massage

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] defibrillation

Output: application of an electric shock to the myocardium thru the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] diastole

Output: phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax btwn contractions (lower number of diastolic reading)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] extracorporeal

Output: occuring outside the body

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] extravasation

Output: escape of blood from blood vessel into the tissue

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] fibrillation

Output: rapid, quivering, noncoordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] heart murmur

Output: short-duration humming sound of cardiac or vascular origin

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hypercholesterolemia

Output: excessive amt of cholesterol in the blood; assoc. w/ heightened risk of cardiov. d.

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hyperlipidemia

Output: excessive amt of fats (triglycerides and cholesterol) in the blood

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hypertension

Output: blood pressure that is above normal (> 140/90)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hypertriglyceridemia

Output: excessive amt of triglycerides in the blood; assoc. w/ increased risk of cardiov. d.

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hypotension

Output: blood pressure that is below normal (< 90/60)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] lipids

Output: fats and fatlike substances that serve as a source of fuel in the body and are an important constituent of cell structure

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] lumen

Output: space w/n a tubular part or organ, such as the space w/n a blood vessel

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] occlude

Output: to close tightly; to block

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] systole

Output: phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract (upper number of bp reading)

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] vasoconstrictor

Output: agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessels

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] venipuncture

Output: puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill a medicine, or start an intravenous infusion

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] anticoagulant

Output: agent that slows the clotting process

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] dyscrasia

Output: abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] hemorrhage

Output: rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] allergen

Output: environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypersensitivity in the body (allergy); ie. dust, pollen, animal dander, and various foods

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] allergist

Output: a physician who studies and treats allergic conditions

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] anaphylaxis

Output: exaggerated, life-threatening rxn to a previously encountered antigen such as bee vemon, peanuts, or latex; symptoms- hives, sneezing, drop in bp, blockage of airway

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] antibiotic

Output: drug that targets microorganisms to kill or halt growth/replication

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] antibodies

Output: substance produced by lymphocytes that inactivates or destroys antigens

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] antigen

Output: substance that triggers an immune response when introduced into the body; ie. transplant tissue, toxins

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] autoimmune d.

Output: d. caused by the body's inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antibodies that attack its own tissue; ie rhematoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] immune

Output: being resistant to specific invading pathogens

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] immunodeficiency

Output: deficient immune response caused by the immune sys dysfunction brought on by d. or immunosupressive drugs

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] immunologist

Output: physician who studies and treats immune system disorders

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] immunology

Output: branch of medicine dealing w/ immune sys. disorders

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] infection

Output: invasion of pathogens in body tissue; may remain localized if body's defense mechanisms are effective otherwise it may become acute, subacute, chronic

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] phagocytosis

Output: process in which some of the wbc destroy the invading microrg. and old cells

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [Heart] vaccine

Output: suspension of inactivated microorg. administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious d. by inducing immunity

EML. Ch. 10 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and btwn th elungs; pumping action circulates blood thruout


Input: [2] A band [1]

Output: The broad region that corresponds to the length of the thick filaments.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] A site [1]

Output: One of three binding sites for tRNA during translation, it holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain; A stands for aminoacyl-tRNA site.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] abdominal cavity [1]

Output: The body cavity in mammals that primarily houses parts of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. It is separated from the more cranial thoracic cavity by the diaphragm.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] abiotic components [1]

Output: Nonliving chemical and physical factors in the environment.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ABO blood groups [1]

Output: Genetically determined classes of human blood that are based on the presence or absence of carbohydrates A and B on the surface of red blood cells. The ABO blood group phenotypes, also called blood types, are A, B, AB, and O.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] abscisic acid (ABA) [1]

Output: A plant hormone that generally acts to inhibit growth, promote dormancy, and help the plant tolerate stressful conditions.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] absorption [1]

Output: The uptake of small nutrient molecules by an organism's own body; the third main stage of food processing, following digestion.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] absorption spectrum [1]

Output: The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] abyssal zone [1]

Output: The very deep benthic communities near the bottom of the ocean. This region is characterized by continuous cold, extremely high water pressure, low nutrients, and near or total absence of light.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acanthodians [1]

Output: A group of ancient jawed fishes from the Devonian period.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acclimatization [1]

Output: Physiological adjustment to a change in an environmental factor.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] accommodation [1]

Output: The automatic adjustment of an eye to focus on near objects.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acetyl CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) [1]

Output: The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acetylcholine [1]

Output: One of the most common neurotransmitters; functions by binding to receptors and altering the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to specific ions, either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the membrane.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acid [1]

Output: A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acid chyme [1]

Output: A mixture of recently swallowed food and gastric juice.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acid precipitation [1]

Output: Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acoelomate [1]

Output: A solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer body wall.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acrosomal reaction [1]

Output: The discharge of a sperm's acrosome when the sperm approaches an egg.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acrosome [1]

Output: An organelle at the tip of a sperm cell that helps the sperm penetrate the egg.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] actin [1]

Output: A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Actinistia [1]

Output: The class of lobe-finned fishes.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Actinopterygii [1]

Output: The class of ray-finned fishes.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] action potential [1]

Output: A rapid change in the membrane potential of an excitable cell, caused by stimulus-triggered, selective opening and closing of voltage-sensitive gates in sodium and potassium ion channels.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] action spectrum [1]

Output: A profile of the relative performance of different wavelengths of light.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] activation energy [1]

Output: The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] activator [1]

Output: A transcription factor that binds to an enhancer and stimulates transcription of a gene.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] active immunity [1]

Output: Immunity conferred by recovering from an infectious disease.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] active site [1]

Output: The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] active transport [1]

Output: The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] adaptations [1]

Output: Inherited characteristics that enhance the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] adaptive peak [1]

Output: An equilibrium state in a population when the gene pool has allele frequencies that maximize the average fitness of a population's members.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] adaptive radiation [1]

Output: The emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor introduced into an environment, presenting a diversity of new opportunities and problems.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] adenohypophysis [1]

Output: Also called the anterior pituitary, it consists of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete several hormones directly into the blood.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] adenylyl cyclase [1]

Output: An enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to a chemical signal.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] adhesion [1]

Output: The attraction between different kinds of molecules.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] adrenal gland [1]

Output: An endocrine gland located adjacent to the kidney in mammals; composed of two glandular portions: an outer cortex, which responds to endocrine signals in reacting to stress and effecting salt and water balance, and a central medulla, which responds to nervous inputs resulting from stress.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] adrenal medulla [1]

Output: The central portion of an adrenal gland, controlled by nerve signals, that secretes the fight-or-flight hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] adrenocorticotropic hormone [1]

Output: A peptide hormone released from the anterior pituitary, it stimulates the production and secretion of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] adventitious [1]

Output: Roots extending from stems and leaves above ground.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] aerobic [1]

Output: Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] afferent arteriole [1]

Output: The blood vessel supplying a nephron.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Afrotheria [1]

Output: A branch of mammals that includes sloths, anteaters, and armadillos.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] age structure [1]

Output: The relative number of individuals of each age in a population.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] agglutination [1]

Output: An antibody-mediated immune response in which bacteria or viruses are clumped together, effectively neutralized, and opsonized.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] aggregate fruit [1]

Output: A fruit such as a blackberry that develops from a single flower that has several carpels.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] agnathan [1]

Output: A member of a jawless class of vertebrates represented today by the lampreys and hagfishes.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] agonistic behavior [1]

Output: A type of behavior involving a contest of some kind that determines which competitor gains access to some resource, such as food or mates.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) [1]

Output: The name of the late stages of HIV infection; defined by a specified reduction of T cells and the appearance of characteristic secondary infections.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] alcohol fermentation [1]

Output: The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] alcohols [1]

Output: Organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] aldehyde [1]

Output: An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] aldosterone [1]

Output: An adrenal hormone that acts on the distal tubules of the kidney to stimulate the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and the passive flow of water from the filtrate.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] alga [1]

Output: A photosynthetic, plantlike protist.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] alimentary canal [1]

Output: A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between a mouth and an anus.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] allantois [1]

Output: One of four extra-embryonic membranes; serves as a repository for the embryo's nitrogenous waste.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] alleles [1]

Output: Alternate versions of a gene.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] allometric growth [1]

Output: The variation in the relative rates of growth of various parts of the body, which helps shape the organism.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] allopatric speciation [1]

Output: A mode of speciation induced when the ancestral population becomes segregated by a geographic barrier.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] allopolyploid [1]

Output: A common type of polyploid species resulting from two different species interbreeding and combining their chromosomes.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] all-or-none event [1]

Output: An action that occurs either completely or not at all, such as the generation of an action potential by a neuron.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] allosteric site [1]

Output: A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] alpha helix [1]

Output: A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] alternation of generations [1]

Output: A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] alternative RNA splicing [1]

Output: A type of regulation at the RNA-processing level in which different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and which as introns.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] altruism [1]

Output: Behavior that reduces an individual's fitness while increasing the fitness of another individual.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] altruistic behavior [1]

Output: The aiding of another individual at one's own risk or expense.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Alveolata [1]

Output: A protistan clade that includes dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and the ciliates. Alveolates have small membrane-bounded cavities called alveoli under their cell surfaces. The function of alveoli is unknown.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] alveolus [1]

Output: (1) One of the deadend, multilobed air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs. (2) One of the milk-secreting sacs of epithelial tissue in the mammary glands.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amacrine cell [1]

Output: Neurons of the retina that help integrate information before it is sent to the brain.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amine [1]

Output: An organic compound with one or more amino groups.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amino acid [1]

Output: An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amino group [1]

Output: A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase [1]

Output: An enzyme that joins each amino acid to the correct tRNA.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] aminopeptidase [1]

Output: An enzyme found within the small intestine that splits off one amino acid at a time, beginning at the opposite end of the polypeptide containing a free carboxyl group.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ammonia [1]

Output: A small and very toxic nitrogenous waste produced by metabolism.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ammonites [1]

Output: Shelled cephalopod animals that were the dominant invertebrate predators for millions of years ending with the mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous period.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amniocentesis [1]

Output: A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amnion [1]

Output: The innermost of four extraembryonic membranes; encloses a fluid-filled sac in which the embryo is suspended.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amniote [1]

Output: A vertebrate possessing an amnion surrounding the embryo; reptiles, birds, and mammals are amniotes.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amniotic egg [1]

Output: A shelled, water-retaining egg that enables reptiles, birds, and egg-laying mammals to complete their life cycles on dry land.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amoeba [1]

Output: A type of protist characterized by great flexibility and the presence of pseudopodia.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] amoebocyte [1]

Output: An amoebalike cell that moves by pseudopodia, found in most animals; depending on the species, may digest and distribute food, dispose of wastes, form skeletal fibers, fight infections, and change into other cell types.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Amphibia [1]

Output: The vertebrate class of amphibians, represented by frogs, salamanders, and caecilians.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com