Input: [Quasi Contract] What is fraud?

Output: type of lack of consent an element of scienter required; if a defendant knows that what she says is false or if she recklessly disregards the truth or falsity of what she says

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is unconsionability?

Output: A contract defense It is an equitable theory applied to contracts which are so unreasonable that they offen the conscious of reasonable people

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What constitutes unconscionability?

Output: 1. Hidden, Risk-shifting Provisions 2. Adhesion Contracts

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are types of Statutes of Fraud?

Output: 1. Executor or Administrator 2. Debts of Another 3. In consideration of marriage 4. Interest in Land 5. Performance within one year 6. Goods Priced at $500 or more 7. Satisfaction of the Writing Requirement 8. Effect of Noncompliance

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is a Statute of Fraud?

Output: It is a statute enacted in most states that requires certain types of contracts to be in writing to be enforceable, even though all other elements of contract may be present.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is an adhesion contract?

Output: Type of unconscionability Adhesion contracts are those that contain unconscionable provisions concerning procurement of necessary good, such as a car, when the buyer is unable to purchase similar items from any other seller without agreeing to a similar provision. Has no choice.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are hidden, risk-shifting provisions?

Output: Type of unconscionability 1) add-on clauses that subject all property of the buyer to repossession if the buyer fails to pay for a newly-purchased item 2) unreasonable liquidated damage provisions 3) disclaimers of warranty provisions 4) confession of judgment clauses, which are illegal in most states

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Executor or Administrator

Output: Statute of Frauds An agreement by an e, a, or personal representative to pay the debts of the estate out of his own funds must be in writing

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Debts of Another

Output: Statute of Frauds A promise to answer for the debt of another must be in writing, such as a guaranty for a loan

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] In Consideration of Marriage

Output: Statute of Frauds A promise made in inconsideration of marriage, as an inducement to marry, much be in writing

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Interest in Land

Output: Statute of Frauds A promise creating an interest in land must be in writing

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Performance within one year

Output: Statute of Frauds A contract which, by its terms, cannot be performed within one year must be in writing

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Goods Priced at $500 or more

Output: UCC 2-201 requires that contracts for the sale of goods of $500 or more be in writing

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Satisfaction of the Writing Requirement

Output: To satisfy the requirement of a writing there must be the following: 1) identity of the parties; 2) identity of the subject matter ; 3) the essential terms; 4) recital of the consideration; and 5) signature of the party to be charged

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Effect of Noncompliance

Output: Noncompliance with the Statute of Frauds may render the contract unenforceable.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is an assignment of rights?

Output: When a contract has been created and when one of the parties subsequently seeks to transfer the rights under the original contract to a third party, this transfer is accomplished by assignment

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are four exceptions of rights that cannot be assigned?

Output: 1. Obligor's Duty Changed - if assignment of rights would alter the obligor's duty substantially, assignment would be prohibited 2. Obligor's Risk Changed - when assignment would alter the obligor's risk substantially, assignment will be prohibited without the obligor's consent 3. Assignment Prohibited by Law - a right cannot be assigned if the assignment is prohibited by law 4. Assignment Prohibited by Contractual Provision - the power to assign cannot be limited by contract; however, the right to assign can be.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Types of assignment that are required to be in writing

Output: 1. assignments of wages 2. assignments of interest in land 3. assignments relating to sale of goods of $500 or more 4. Assignments of security interests under UCC's Article 9.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Partial Assignments

Output: Contract rights may be transferred to one assignee or they may be divided and transferred to more than one assignee.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Revocability (with respect to assignments)

Output: If an assignment is given in exchange for consideration, it is irrevocable

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Effect of Assignment

Output: The effect of assignment is to establish privity of contract between the obligor and the assignee. The assignee replaces the assignor as the real party in interest; and the assignee is entitled to performance under the contract, subject to any defenses that the obligor may have against the assignor

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Successive Assignments

Output: When the first assignment is revocable (gratuitous); a subsequent assignment will revoke the first one.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Promise versus Condition

Output: Promise - a commitment to do or to refrain from doing an act. A promise may be unconditional or conditional. When the promise is unconditional, the failure to perform will constitute a breach of the contract. A condition is an event, other than the passage of time, the occurrence of which will create an absolute duty to perform and the nonoccurrence of which will extinguish any cuty to perform.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is a constructive condition?

Output: A particular contract term may be a promise for one party and a condition for the other.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] In which situations is a party's duty to perform excused?

Output: 1. Hindrance 2. Breach 3. Anticipatory Repudiation 4. Substantial Performance 5. Divisible Contracts 6 Waiver or Estoppel

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is an "excuse of condition"?

Output: If a party's duty to perform is conditional, there is no duty to perform until the condition occurs. However, there are situation that may exist that require performance even though the conditional has not occurred. In these situations, the condition is excused>?

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] HINDRANCE -as excuse of condition

Output: If a party's duty is conditioned on the occurrence of an event and that same party wrongfully prevents the event from occurring, the occurrence of the event may be excused.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] BREACH - as excuse of condition

Output: A material breach of the contract when performance is due will excuse the non-breaching party's duty to perform.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] ANTICIPATORY REPUDIATION -as excuse of condition

Output: Anticipatory repudiation occurs when a party, prior to the time required for performance indicated that he or she will not perform when performance is due

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] SUBSTANTIAL PERFORMANCE as excuse of condition

Output: The condition of full performance often may be excuse if a party gives substantial performance.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] DIVISIBLE CONTRACTS - as excuse of condition

Output: Where a party performs one of the units of a divisible contract, she is entitled to the agree equivalent for that unit even if she fails to perform the other units.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] WAIVER OR ESTOPPEL - as excuse of condition

Output: One who is to receive the benefit of a condition may manifest words or conduct to waive the condition. If the condition is waived and if the other party changes her position in reliance upon the waiver, the waiver will be binding (estoppel).

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are some reasons for discharge of contract duties?

Output: 1. Performance 2. Illegality 3. Impossibility 4. Impracticability 5. Frustration 6. Rescission 7. Modification 8. Substituted Contract 9. Novation 10. Accord and Satisfaction 11. Account Stated 12. Lapse 13. Operation of Law

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Performance

Output: reason for discharge of contract A "tender of performance" made according to contract terms will discharge a party's duty to performance when the tendering party has the present ability to perform but the other party refuses to accept it.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Illegality

Output: reason for discharge of contract if subject of contract becomes illegal after the contract is formed, the contract will be discharged

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Impossibility

Output: reason for discharge of contract must be objective (could not be performed by anyone) & must occur after the contract is formed temporary impossibility suspends contract duties but doe not discharge them. Death or physical incapacity may discharge it.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Impracticability

Output: reason for discharge of contract the party requires to perform must encounter extreme and unreasonable difficulty or expense that could not have been reasonably anticipated.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Frustration

Output: reason for discharge of contract Something that happens that could not have been foreseen reasonably when the contract was formed (hurricane at Myrtle Beach; whole place a disaster area)

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Rescission

Output: reason for discharge of contract both parties give up the right to performance by the other (have to be executory duties on both sides) UCC says that the rescission of a contract for the sale of goods must be in writing when the original contract so requires when one party wants to rescind and the other does, the other needs adequate legal grounds like mistake, duress, failure of consideration

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Modification

Output: reason for discharge of contract If a contract is modified, the modification discharges those terms of the original contract that are the subject of the modification

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Accord and Satisfaction

Output: reason for discharge of contract An accord is an executory promise by one party to give a substituted performance and by the other party to accept the substituted performance as discharge of an existing duty. alone, it does not discharge the prior contract. rahter, it suspends the right to enforce the original contract in deference to the terms of the executory accord agreement.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Account Stated

Output: reason for discharge of contract an account stated is an agreement between parties concerning a final balance due from one party and payable to the other

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Substituted Contract

Output: reason for discharge of contract A contract may be discharged by substituting a new contract in its place

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Novation

Output: reason for discharge of contract when a new contract substitutes a different party to receive benefits and assume duties under the terms of the original contract

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Lapse

Output: reason for discharge of contract When the duty of each party is a condition to the duty of the other party, contractual obligations may lapse if neither party performs when his performance is due

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Operation of Law

Output: reason for discharge of contract when a party to a contract obtains judgment against the other for breach of contract, the contractual duty of performance is merged in the judgment, which discharges the contract.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is a breach of contract?

Output: 1) a promisor is under an absolute duty to perform and when 2) the duty of performance has not been discharged

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are different types of breaches of contract?

Output: Material breach - if the promisee does not receive the substantial benefit of her bargain as a result of the promisor's failure to perform or as a result of the promisor's defective performance Minor breach - if the promisee receive the substantial benefit of her bargain the promisor's defective perfomance Timely Performance - when the defaulting party has a duty to perform immediately, her failure to perform is a breach

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] When can you get a remedy for a contract?

Output: when a plaintiff hows both 1)material breach by the defendant and 2)no material breach by the plaintiff, a remedy is available to redress the breach

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are different types of contract remedies?

Output: Damages Specific Performance Rescission Reformation Quasi-Contract Tort Action

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are different types of damages?

Output: Compensatory (general) damages Consequential (specific) damages Punitive Damages Nominal Damages Liquidated Damages

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Compensatory damages

Output: Awarded to a plaintiff to put her where she would have been if the contract had been performed by the other party.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Consequential damages

Output: a plaintiff may be able to recover other losses incurred as a consequence of the breach provided that they were reasonably foreseeable at the time the contract was made; must prove a causal relationship

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Punitive damages

Output: Used to punish the defendant for bad conduct above and beyond a simple breach of contract.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Nominal Damages

Output: May be awarded when the defendant has breached the contract but no monetary loss is proved.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Liquidated Damages

Output: Damages agreed upon at the time the contract was formed.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] How does one measure damages when it involves a sale of goods.

Output: The UCC prescribes the remedies available to seller and the buyer

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] How does one measure damages regarding the sale of goods for the seller

Output: If the buyer wrongfully rejects goods or fails to pay etc, there are six things they can do; 1) withhold delivery of the goods 2)stop delivery of the goods in the hands of a carrier 3) resell the goods and recover the difference from the defaulting buyer 4) cancel the contract 5) recover the contract price from the defaulting buyer under two conditions 6) recover ordinary contract damages for nonacceptance

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Expansion of seller's remedies #5

Output: You may recover the contract price from the defaulting buyer if 1) the goods have been accepted or, if conforming goods have been lost or damaged, within a reasonable time after the risk of loss passes to the buyer; or (b) the goods have been identified to the contract and the seller is unable to find another buyer

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Expansion of sellers' remedies #6

Output: You may recover ordinary contract damages for nonacceptance, measure as the difference between the marker price at the time and place for tender and the contract price, together with any consequential damages

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are buyer's remedies for a sale of goods contract breached?

Output: 1. cancel; 2. "cover" the purchasing substitute goods on the open market and recover from the seller the difference bw that and the contract price 3. recover specific goods identified to the contract if the buyer has paid all of a portion of the purchase price 4. Recover damages for nondelivery 5. Obtain specific performance in limited circumstances

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] In regards to the buyer's remedy for a sale of goods breached, how does one recover damages for non-delivery?

Output: You measure the difference between the market price at the time when buyer learned of the breach and the contract price, together with any consequential damages.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Measure of damages: Contracts for Sale of Land

Output: the difference between the contract price and the fair market value of the land at the time when the land was to have been conveyed

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Measure of damages: Construction Contracts (owner breaches)

Output: before it begins - builder receives profit she would have made on contract during construction - builder receives the profit plus any costs that she incurred to date after construction completed - builder receives the full contract price plus interest

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] Measure of damages: Construction Contracts (contractor breaches)

Output: before - owner receives the cost of completion (the amount over the contract price that it will cost to complete the construction) during - owner receives the cost of completion unless completion would entail economic waste by late completion - Owner receives damages for loss of use (rental value) until construction i completed

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is specific performance?

Output: An equitable remedy by which a party is ordered by a court to fulfill his or her contractual obligations. Plaintiff must demonstrate that there is no adequate remedy at law before it can be granted

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What are rescission and restitution?

Output: When a breach occurs, the non-breaching party may elect to rescind the contract Restitution damages focus on the gains of the defendant; compensatory damages focus on the losses of the plaintiff

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is reformation?

Output: Used in equity to correct errors in the document which contains the written terms of the parties' agreement. Cannot be used to change the terms to which the parties agreed.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is a quasi contract?

Output: Not a contract. It is a legal fiction created by equity courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant at the expense of a plaintiff. Remedy to obtain the reasonable value of services or other performance when no contract exists.

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: [Quasi Contract] What is a tort action?

Output: Improper performance of a contract may results in tort liability of the injured party as well. ex: product liability; professional liability; and emotional distress

Chapter 11 - Contract Law (full) Flashcards - Cram.com

Not a contract' legal jargon created by courts to prevent unjust enrichment of a defendant by allowing the plaintiff to seek restitution of a benefit conferred upon the defendant


Input: change of gas to liquid (exothermic) [boiling point]

Output: condensation

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a combination of temperature and pressure beyond which a gas cannot be liquefied [boiling point]

Output: critical point

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: change of a gas directly to a solid [boiling point]

Output: deposition

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: change of a liquid to a solid [boiling point]

Output: freezing

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the amount of heat required for melting a solid to a liquid [boiling point]

Output: Heat of fusion (deltaH of fusion)

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the amount of heat required for vaporization of a liquid to a gas [boiling point]

Output: Heat of vaporization (delta H of vap)

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the temperature at which solid and liquid coexist in equilibrium [boiling point]

Output: melting point

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the temperature at which boiling occurs when there is exactly 1 atm of external pressure [boiling point]

Output: normal boiling point

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the temperature at which melting occurs when there is exactly 1 atm of external pressure [boiling point]

Output: normal melting point

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a process in which the physical form but not the chemical identity of a substance changes [boiling point]

Output: phase change

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a plot showing the effects of pressure and temperature on the physical state of a substance [boiling point]

Output: phase diagram

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the direct conversion of a solid to a vapor [boiling point]

Output: sublimation

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a state of matter beyond the critical point that is neither liquid nor gas [boiling point]

Output: supercritical fluid

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a unique combination of pressure and temperature at which gas, liquid, and solid phases coexist in equilibrium [boiling point]

Output: triple point

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the change of a liquid to a gas [boiling point]

Output: vaporization

CHEM102: Phase Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [chromatin] chromosome Each sperm and egg has 23 unpaired chromosomes. After fertilization, each cell of the embryo has 23 paired chromosomes.

Output: Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of a DNA molecule that carries hereditary information of encoded genes.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] cytoplasm All cellular structures are embedded in the cytoplasm.

Output: Jellylike substance found within the cell membranes composed of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] DNA*

Output: Molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever a cell divides.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] diaphragm Alternating active inhalation and passive exhalation is essential to the breathing function.

Output: Muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] metabolism Matabolism includes the building up (anabolism) and breaking down (catabolism) of body constituents.

Output: Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] organelle

Output: Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] pathology Uses laboratory methods rather than clinical examination to determine and study diseases.

Output: Study of the nature of diseases, their causes, development, and consequences,=.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] peristalsis

Output: Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the walls of a tubular organ to propel its contents onwards.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] Midsagittal Plane

Output: Right and left halves of the body.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] Coronal/Frontal Plane

Output: Anterior and posterior aspects. (Ventral and Dorsal)

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] Transverse Plane

Output: Superior and inferior aspects.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] Dorsal Body Cavity

Output: Cranial - Brain Spinal - Spinal Cord

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] Ventral Body Cavity

Output: Thoracic - Heart, lungs, and associated structures. Abdominopelvic - Digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] RUQ Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, part of the small and large intestines.

Output: Right Upper Quadrant

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] LUQ Left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines.

Output: Left Upper Quadrant

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] RLQ Part of small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary and fallopian tube, with ureter.

Output: Right Lower Quadrant

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] LLQ Part of small and large intestine, left ovary/fallopian tube/ureter.

Output: Left Lower Quadrant

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] cyt/o cytologist - specialist in the study of cells. Study the formation, structure, and function of cells.

Output: cell

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] hist/o histology - study of tissues.

Output: tissue

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] kary/o karyolysis - destruction of the nucleus resulting in the death of the cell.

Output: nucleus

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] nucle/o nuclear - pertaining to the nucleus.

Output: nucleus

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] anter/o anterior - pertaining to the front.

Output: anterior, front

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] caud/o caudad - toward the tail.

Output: tail

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] crani/o cranial - pertaining to the skull.

Output: cranium

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] dist/o distal - pertaining to the farthest point form attachment. Distal refers to the point furthest from the center of the body or from the point of attachment to the body. Finger are distal to the wrist.

Output: far, farthest

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] dors/o dorsal - pertaining to the back of the body.

Output: back of the body

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] infer/o inferior - pertaining to a lower structure or surface.

Output: lower, below

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] later/o lateral - pertaining to the side

Output: side, to one side

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] medi/o mediad - toward the middle.

Output: middle

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] poster/o posterior - pertaining to the back of the body.

Output: back of the body, behind

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] proxim/o proximal - pertaining to the nearest point of attachment to the body. The wrist is proximal to the fingers.

Output: near, nearest

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] ventr/o ventral - pertaining to the belly/front side of the body.

Output: belly, belly side

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] abdomin/o abdominal - pertaining to the abdomen.

Output: abdomen

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] cervic/o cervical - pertaining to the neck

Output: neck, cervix uteri

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] gastr/o hypogastric - pertaining to the region just below the stomach.

Output: stomach

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] ili/o ilial - pertaining to the ilium

Output: ilium (lateral flaring portion of the hip bone)

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] inguin/o inguinal - pertaining to the groin. The groin is the depression located between the thigh and the trunk.

Output: groin

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] lumb/o lumbar - pertaining to the lower back.

Output: lower back

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] pelv/i pelvimeter - instrument for measuring the pelvis.

Output: pelvis

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] spin/o spinal - pertaining to the spine

Output: spine

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] thorac/o thoracic - pertaining to the chest.

Output: chest

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] umbilic/o umbilical - pertaining to the navel.

Output: umbilicus, navel

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] albin/o albinism - condition of whiteness. Characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.

Output: white

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] leuk/o leukocyte - white blood cell

Output: white

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] chlor/o chloropia - green vision. Associated with a toxic reaction to digitalis in which objects appear green.

Output: green

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] chrom/o heterochromic - pertaining to different colors. is associated with the iris of the eyes, thus someone with heterochromia may have one brown and one blue iris.

Output: color

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] cirrh/o cirrhosis - abnormal yellowing. The skin, sclera of the eyes, and mucous membrane take on a yellow color. Usually associated with alcoholism or chronic hepatitis.

Output: yellow

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] jaund/o jaundice - yellowing. Caused by an abnormal increase in bilirubin (a yellow compound formed when RBCs are destroyed) in the blood.

Output: yellow

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] xanth/o xanthocyte - yellow cell

Output: yellow

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] cyan/o cyanotic - pertaining to blueness. Associated with lack of oxygen in the blood.

Output: blue

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] erythr/o erythrocyte - RBC

Output: red

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] melan/o melanoma - black tumor. Malignancy that arises from melanocyctes.

Output: black

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] poli/o poliomyelitis - Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Output: gray; gray matter of the brain and spinal cord

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] acr/o acrocyanosis - abnormal condition in which the extremities are blue.

Output: extremity

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] eti/o etiology - study of the cause of a disease.

Output: cause

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] idi/o idiopathic - pertaining to an unknown cause of disease.

Output: unknown, peculiar

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] morph/o morphology - the study of form, shape, or structure.

Output: form, shape, structure

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] path/o pathologist - specialist in the study of disease. Studies tissue, cell, and bodily fluids for evidence of disease.

Output: disease

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] radi/o radiologist - physicians who employ imaging techniques for diagnosing and treating disease.

Output: radiation, x-ray; radius

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] somat/o somatic - pertaining to the body

Output: body

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] son/o sonography - process of recording sound. Sonography employs ultrasound to produce images.

Output: sound

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] viscer/o visceral - pertaining to internal organs.

Output: internal organs

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] xer/o xerosis - abnormal condition of dryness of the skin, mucous membranes, or conjunctiva.

Output: dry

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] -genesis pathogenesis - the origin or the cause of an illness or abnormal condition.

Output: forming, producing, origin

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] -gnosis prognosis - the prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated chance of recovery.

Output: knowing

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] -gram arteriogram - record of an artery. It is an x-ray film of an artery taken after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium.

Output: record, writing

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] -graph radiograph - instrument for recording x-rays.

Output: instrument for recording

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] -graphy arhtrography - is an x-ray examination of a joint, such as a knee, shoulder, or elbow, usually with the use of a contrast medium.

Output: the process of recording

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] -logist dermatologist - specialist in the study of the skin.

Output: specialist in the study of

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] -logy hematology - the study of blood.

Output: study of

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] -meter thermometer - instrument for measuring heat.

Output: instrument for measuring

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] -metry ventriculometry - the act of measuring the ventricles.

Output: the act of measuring

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] -pathy gastropathy - disease of the stomach.

Output: disease

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] adhesion

Output: Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated. They may result within body cavities as a result of surgery.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] analyte

Output: Substance analyzed or tested, generally by means of laboratory methods. In a glucose tolerance test, glucose is the analyte.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] contrast medium

Output: Substance injected into the body, introduced via catheter, or swallowed to facilitate radiographic images of internal structures that otherwise are difficult to visualize on x-ray films.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] dehiscence

Output: Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] febrile

Output: Feverish; pertaining to a fever

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] homeostasis Such properties as temperature, nutrients, and wastes remain relatively constant.

Output: Relative constancy or balance in the internal environment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] inflammation Is a mechanism used by the body to protect against invasion of foreign organisms and to repair injured tissue.

Output: Bodily defense against injury, infection, or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] morbid

Output: Diseased; pertaining to disease

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] radionuclides The quantity and duration of radioactive material are safe for humans.

Output: Substances that emit radiation spontaneously; also called tracers.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] radiopharmaceutical

Output: Radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance used to visualize an organ or area of the body that will be scanned.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] scan

Output: Term used to describe a computerized image by modality or by structure.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] sepsis

Output: Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or the products in the bloodstream.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] suppurative

Output: Producing or associated with generation of pus.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] radiology

Output: medical specialty concerned with the use of electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] interventional radiology Examples would be balloon angioplasty* and cardiac catheterization*.

Output: Radiological practice that employs fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound in nonsurgical treatment of various disorders.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] therapeutic radiology Also called radiation oncology.

Output: Use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of cancer.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] endoscopy Endoscopy is used for biopsy, surgery, aspirating fluids, and coagulating bleeding areas. The endoscope is usually named for the organ, cavity, or canal being viewed. i.e. gastroscope.

Output: Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] laparoscopy

Output: Visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] thoracoscopy Usually performed for lung biopsy, repairing perforations in the lungs, and diagnosing pleural disease.

Output: Examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through small incisions between the ribs.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] complete blood count (CBC)

Output: Common blood test that enumerated RBC, WBC, and platelets; measures hemoglobin; estimates red cell volume; and sorts white blood cells into five subtypes with their percentages.*

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] urinalysis (UA) Can be done immediately by a dipstick test or sent to a laboratory for full analysis.

Output: Common urine screening test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] computed tomography (CT) CT scans generate detailed cross-sectional images to show tumor masses, bone displacement, and fluid accumulation. May be performed with or without a contrast medium.

Output: Imaging technique achieved by rotating an X-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] Doppler Used to identify irregularities in blood flow due to clots, venous insufficiency, and arterial blockage.

Output: Ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood-flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves of moving blood cells.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] fluoroscopy Used to view the motion of such things as the GI Tract, heart, and joints.

Output: Radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Allows superior soft tissue contract, multi planar views, and avoids hazards of ionizing radiation. Also is superior to CT for most central nervous system imaging. Does not require a contrast medium.

Output: Noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray to produce multi planar cross-sectional images.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] nuclear scan Opposite of conventional radiograph. Radiation comes from the inside of the body and detected by a specialized camera.

Output: Diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive tracer (inhaled, ingested, or injected) and a specialized camera to produce images of organs and structures.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] positron emission tomography (PET) Useful in scanning the brain and nervous system for abnormal tissue metabolism consistent with schizophrenia, brain tumors, epilepsy, stroke, and Alzheimers.

Output: Scanning technique using CT to record positrons emitted from a tracer that produces cross-sectional images of metabolic activity in body tissue to determine the presence of disease.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] radiography Dense structures such as bone appear white, while softer organs appear shades of grey.

Output: X-rays passed through the body are captured on a film.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Different from a PET in that the tracer remains in the bloodstream as opposed to absorbed by the surrounding tissue.

Output: Uses CT and a tracer injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissue and organs.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] tomography CT, PET, SPECT

Output: Radiographic technique that produces a cross-sectional image of an area, tissue, or organ at a predetermined depth.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] ablation

Output: Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] anastomosis End to end, End to side, Side to side

Output: Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] cauterize

Output: Destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] curettage

Output: Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curet.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] incision and drainage (I&D)

Output: Incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] laser surgery

Output: Surgical techniqu employing a device that emits intense heat and power as close range to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissues.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] resection

Output: Partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] radical dissection Mastectomy - Entire breast, surrounding lymph nodes, and sometimes adjacent muscles are removed.

Output: Surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant and decrease the chance of recurrence.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] ant

Output: anterior

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] AP

Output: anteroposterior

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] Bx

Output: biopsy

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] CBC

Output: complete blood count

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] CT

Output: computed tomography

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] DNA

Output: deoxyribonucleic acid

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] DSA*

Output: digital subtraction angiography

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] Dx

Output: diagnosis

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] FS

Output: frozen section

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] LAT

Output: lateral

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] LLQ

Output: left lower quadrant

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] LUQ

Output: left upper quadrant

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] MRI

Output: magnetic resonance imaging

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] PET

Output: positron emission tomography

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] post

Output: posterior

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] RF

Output: rheumatoid factor

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] RLQ

Output: right lower quadrant

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] RUQ

Output: right upper quadrant

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] sono

Output: sonogram

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] SPECT

Output: single photon emission computed tomography

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] Sx

Output: symptom

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] Tx

Output: treatment

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] UA

Output: urainalysis

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] US

Output: ultrasound

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] biopsy

Output: representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish diagnosis.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] frozen section biopsy Used primarily in oncological cases while the patient is still in the operating room. Examination will determine how aggressively the surgeon will treat the patient.

Output: Ultra-thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] needle biopsy

Output: Removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] punch biopsy An anesthetic and suturing are usually required for a punch bx.

Output: Removal of a small core of tissue using a punch.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] shave biopsy

Output: Removal of tissue using a surgical blade to shave elevated lesions.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [chromatin] ultrasound/ultrasonograpgy (US) Unlike most imaging methods, US creates real-time moving images to view organs and functions of organs in movement. Used for visualizing fetuses, the neck, abdomen, pelvis, brain, and heart.

Output: Imaging procedure using high frequency sound waves that display reflected echoes on a monitor.

Medical Terminology - Chapter 4 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.


Input: [Acute triangle] Alternate interior angles

Output: angles are nonadjacent interior angles that lie on opposite sides of the transversal.


Input: [Acute triangle] polygon is convex

Output: no diagonal contains points outside the polygon.


Input: [Acute triangle] polygon is concave

Output: diagonal contains points outside the polygon.


Input: [Acute triangle] Corresponding angles

Output: angles lie on the same side of the transversal t and in corresponding positions relative to l and m.


Input: [Acute triangle] Equiangular triangle or polygon

Output: triangle is a triangle whose angles are all congruent or polygon whose angles are all congruent.


Input: [Acute triangle] Equilateral triangle or polygon

Output: a triangle whose sides are all congruent or a polygon whose sides are all congruent.


Input: [Acute triangle] Exterior angle of a polygon

Output: an angle formed by a side and an extension of an adjacent side


Input: [Acute triangle] a two-column proof

Output: statements and reasons are aligned in columns.


Input: [Acute triangle] a paragraph proof

Output: statements and reasons are connected in sentences


Input: [Acute triangle] flow proof

Output: arrows show the logical connections between the statements


Input: [Acute triangle] coordinate proof

Output: a figure is drawn on a coordinate plane and the formulas for slope, midpoint, and distance are used to prove properties of the figure


Input: [Acute triangle] indirect proof

Output: involves the use of indirect reasoning.


Input: [Acute triangle] Isosceles triangle

Output: triangle is a triangle that has at least two congruent sides.


Input: [Acute triangle] Obtuse triangle

Output: triangle has one obtuse angle


Input: [Acute triangle] Point-slope form

Output: form for a nonvertical line with slope m and through point (x1, y1) is y − y1 = m(x − x1).


Input: [Acute triangle] Regular polygon

Output: polygon that is both equilateral and equiangular. Its center is the center of the circumscribed circle.


Input: [Acute triangle] Remote interior angle

Output: the two nonadjacent interior angles corresponding to each exterior angle of a triangle.


Input: [Acute triangle] Right triangle

Output: triangle contains one right angle. The side opposite the right angle is the hypotenuse and the other two sides are the legs.


Input: [Acute triangle] Same-side interior angles

Output: angles lie on the same side of the transversal t and between and m.


Input: [Acute triangle] Scalene triangle

Output: triangle has no sides congruent


Input: [Acute triangle] Slope-intercept form

Output: form of a linear equation is y = mx + b, where m is the slope of the line and b is the y-intercept.


Input: [Acute triangle] Standard form of a linear equation

Output: form of a linear equation is Ax + By = C, where A, B, and C are integers and A and B are not both zero.


Input: [Acute triangle] Transversal

Output: a line that intersects two coplanar lines in two points.


Input: [Acute triangle] If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then

Output: •corresponding angles are congruent. •alternate interior angles are congruent. •same-side interior angles are supplementary.


Input: [Acute triangle] Two lines cut by a transversal are parallel if

Output: •corresponding angles are congruent. •alternate interior angles are congruent. •same-side interior angles are supplementary.


Input: [Acute triangle] The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180. The measure of each exterior angle of a triangle equals...

Output: equals the sum of the measures of its two remote interior angles.


Input: [Acute triangle] To name a polygon

Output: start at any vertex and list the vertices consecutively in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.


Input: [Acute triangle] The sum of the measures of the angles of an n-gon

Output: (n − 2)180.


Input: [Acute triangle] The sum of the measures of the exterior angles of an n-gon, one at each vertex

Output: 360


Input: [Management.] Each of the above is a primary objective of effective internal control.

Output: Which of the following is not one of the three primary objectives of effective internal control?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] a remote likelihood that material misstatements will not be prevented or detected by internal control.

Output: The PCAOB states that reasonable assurance allows for

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] their effectiveness is limited by the competency and dependability of employees.

Output: Internal controls can never be considered as absolutely effective because

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] the owner-manager’s personal interest and close relationship with personnel.

Output: A major control available in a small company, which might not be feasible in a large company, is

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] collusion.

Output: An act of two or more employees to steal assets or misstate records is frequently referred to as

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] a walk-through.

Output: When the auditor attempts to understand the operation of the accounting system by tracing a few transactions through the accounting system, this is referred to as

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] 404

Output: Which section of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires management to issue an internal control report?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] A statement that management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting.

Output: Sarbanes-Oxley requires management to issue an internal control report that includes two specific items. Which of the following is one of these two requirements?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Correct material misstatements.

Output: When management is evaluating the design of internal control, management evaluates whether the control can do all but which of the following?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Internal Control - Integrated Framework – COSO

Output: Internal control reports issued by public companies must identify the framework used to evaluate the effectiveness of internal control. Which of the following is the most common framework in the U.S.?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] All of the above

Output: Auditor’s tests of operating effectiveness of internal controls might include which of the following types of procedures?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Reliability of financial reporting.

Output: With which one of management’s concerns with respect to implementing internal controls is the auditor primarily concerned?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Maintaining insurance for fire and theft.

Output: Which of the following activities would be least likely to strengthen a company’s internal control?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] even if just one weakness is found.

Output: Management must disclose material weaknesses in internal control

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] to assess control risk.

Output: When auditing a nonpublic company, the auditor should obtain an understanding of internal control sufficient

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Tests of the signatures on canceled checks to management’s authorizations.

Output: Which of the following audit tests would be regarded as a test of a control?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] When reviewing the system of internal control.

Output: During which part of an audit examination is the preparation of flowcharts most appropriate?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] control environment.

Output: The ______ consists of the actions, policies, and procedures that reflect the overall attitudes of top management.

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] classes of transactions

Output: An auditor’s primary emphasis is internal controls over

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] required by GAAS.

Output: The auditor’s study of a nonpublic client’s internal control is

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] competency and dependability of the people using it.

Output: Internal controls can never be regarded as completely effective. Even if company personnel could design an ideal system, its effectiveness depends on the

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] material financial statement account.

Output: Even with the most effectively designed internal control, the auditor must obtain audit evidence, beyond testing the controls, for every

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Account balances.

Output: To express an opinion on internal controls, an auditor obtains an understanding of and performs tests of controls related to all but which of the following?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] attitude of its management.

Output: The essence of an effectively controlled organization lies in the

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] evaluate management’s assessment process and independently assess the design and operating effectiveness of internal control.

Output: To issue a report on internal control over financial reporting for a public company, an auditor must

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] AMEX, NASDAQ, and NYSE

Output: Which of the stock exchanges require listed companies to have an audit committee composed entirely of independent directors?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] All of the above.

Output: Which of the following factors may increase risks to an organization?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] It is desirable to prevent employees who authorize transactions from having custody of related assets.

Output: Which of the following statements is correct with respect to separation of duties?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] A sales manager’s authorization for a sales return.

Output: Authorizations can be either general or specific. Which of the following is not an example of a general authorization?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] the use of physical precautions.

Output: The most important type of protective measure for safeguarding assets and records is

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] None of the above statements is correct.

Output: Which of the following statements is correct with respect to the design and use of business documents?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] All of the above are correct.

Output: The SEC prohibits U.S. stock exchanges from listing securities if a company’s audit committee is

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] tests of controls.

Output: All of the following are substantive tests except

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] this information can be updated and carried forward to the current year’s audit.

Output: Most audits of a company are done annually by the same CPA firm. Except for initial engagements, the auditor begins the audit with a great deal of information about the internal controls developed in prior years. Because systems and controls usually do not change often,

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] documenting the auditor’s understanding of internal controls.

Output: Narratives, flowcharts, and internal control questionnaires are three common methods of

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] There should be an indication of all controls affecting the applicable process.

Output: Which of the following is not an element of a proper narrative of an accounting system and related controls?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] A questionnaire is usually applicable to a wide variety of companies, especially smaller ones.

Output: Which of the following statements about the internal control questionnaire is not correct?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Is management committed to internal control?

Output: Specific assessments must be made to arrive at the preliminary assessment of control risk. Which of the following is not one of these assessments?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Internal control weakness.

Output: Which of the following is not one of the levels of an absence of internal controls?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] A control deficiency exists if the design or operation of controls does not permit company personnel to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis.

Output: Which of the following is the correct definition of “control deficiency?”

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] initiate transactions and record and process transactions (a and b only).

Output: The purpose of an entity’s accounting information and communication system is to ______.

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] observation.

Output: A procedure that would most likely be used by an auditor in performing tests of control procedures that involve segregation of functions and that leave no transaction trail is

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization.

Output: Internal controls normally include procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Each of the above is a common step used to identify internal control deficiencies.

Output: Which of the following is not a common step used to identify internal control deficiencies?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Control risk.

Output: Which of the following is not a component of an entity’s internal control?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] test controls and perform substantive tests of details (a and b).

Output: Before making the final assessment of internal control at the end of an integrated audit, the auditor must

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Audit committee of the company’s board of director.

Output: Significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in internal control of a public company must be reported to which of the following?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Control procedures reasonably ensure that collusion among employees cannot occur.

Output: Of the following statements about internal controls, which one is not valid?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Procedures whose effectiveness depends on segregation of duties can be circumvented by collusion.

Output: Which of the following best describes the inherent limitations that should be recognized by an auditor when considering the potential effectiveness of internal control?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Adequate separation of duties.

Output: Which of the following is not one of the subcomponents of the control environment?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] achievement of the objectives of internal control.

Output: It is important for the CPA to consider the competence of the audit clients’ employees because their competence bears directly and importantly upon the

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] direct participation by the owner of the business in the record-keeping activities of the business.

Output: Effective internal control in a small company that has an insufficient number of employees to permit proper division of responsibilities can best be enhanced by

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] direct personal observation of the employee who applies control procedures.

Output: Evidential matter concerning proper segregation of duties ordinarily is best obtained by

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] authorization, recording, and custody.

Output: Proper segregation of functional responsibilities calls for separation of the functions of

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] determine the organizational level to which the internal auditors report.

Output: When considering the objectivity of internal auditors, an independent auditor should

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] all frauds will be eliminated.

Output: Internal controls are not designed to provide reasonable assurance that

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] No one particular form of documentation is necessary.

Output: Which of the following statements regarding auditor documentation of the client’s internal controls is correct?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] internal control deficiencies that could adversely affect a company’s ability to initiate, record, process, or report external financial statements reliably.

Output: Significant deficiencies are matters that come to an auditor’s attention, which should be communicated to an entity’s audit committee because they represent

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] The NASDAQ market requires listed companies to have audit committees that have only independent directors.

Output: Which of the following statements, if any, is correct?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] Obtaining the best internal control possible.

Output: Which of the following is not typically one of management’s concerns in designing effective internal controls?

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] all public companies to issue an internal control report.

Output: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?


Input: [Management.] costs of internal control should not exceed the benefits expected to be derived from internal control.

Output: When considering internal control, an auditor should be aware of the concept of reasonable assurance, which recognizes that the

Which of the following parties is responsible for establishing an entity’s internal controls?