Input: [Organelles] Cytosol

Output: Jellylike substance within cells

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Nucleoid

Output: Region with concentrated DNA in prokaryotic cells

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Cytoplasm

Output: Interior of the cell, but only between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Plasma Membrane

Output: A selective barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wasters to service the cell. It has a large SA to V ratio.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Nucleus

Output: Contains most of the genes of the cell

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Nuclear Envelope

Output: Encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Nuclear Lamina

Output: A net-like array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by supporting the nuclear envelope on the inside.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Chromosomes

Output: Units of DNA, carrying genetic information

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Chromatin

Output: A complex of DNA and proteins making the chromosomes

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Nucleolus

Output: A dense region of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Ribosomes

Output: Ribosomal RNA and protein that carry out protein synthesis

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Endomembrane System

Output: The nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes,vesicles, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Vesicles

Output: Sacs made of membrane that interrelate the various organelles

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Endoplasmic Reticulum

Output: Accounts for most of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. Has two parts: Smooth and Rough.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Smooth ER

Output: Lacks ribosomes on its outer surface. Produces lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs/poisons, and stores calcium ions.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Rough ER

Output: Covered in ribosomes. Produces proteins.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Glycoproteins

Output: Primarily secretory proteins.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Transport Vesicles

Output: Vesicles that move from one part of the cell to another transporting material.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Golgi apparatus

Output: Warehouse for receiving, sorting, shipping, and some manufacturing. Products of the ER are modified. Has two sides, cis (near ER) and trans (away from ER)

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Lysosomes

Output: Sac of hydrolytic enzymes hat digest macromolecules.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Phagocytosis

Output: Cells eat by engulfing food particles.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Vacuoles

Output: Vesicles from the ER and Golgi apparatus.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Cristae

Output: Infolding of the mitochondria

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Mitochondrial Matrix

Output: enclosed by the inner membrane.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Thylakoids

Output: Interconnected sacs within the chloroplast.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Granum

Output: Each stack in the thylakoids

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Stroma

Output: Fluid outside the thylakoids which contains the chloroplast DNA and ribosomes and enzymes.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Plastid

Output: Family of plant related organelles. e.g. Chloroplast

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Peroxisome

Output: contains enzymes that remove H atoms from varous substrates and makes H2O2. They break fatty acids, detoxify alcohol. Has enzymes that convert H2O2 into water.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Cytoskeleton

Output: Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Motor Proteins

Output: Required to interact with the cytoskeleton for motility

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Microtubules

Output: Hollow rods approximately 25nm wide. Shape and support cell and provide tracks from motor proteins to move on. Also used to split cell during cell division.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Centrosome

Output: Mictotubules grow out from here.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Centrioles

Output: Within the centrosome. They replicate before the cell divides.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Flagella and Cilia

Output: Flagella/um is a tail used for movement. Cilia are hairlike structures that are used in movement.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Basal Body

Output: Microtubules for flagellum and cilium are anchored here.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Dyneins

Output: Large motor proteins that are responsible fro the bending movements of an organelle.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Microfilaments

Output: Solid rods, about 7nm in diameter. a twisted double chain of actin subunits that support the cell's shape.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Cortex

Output: The cytoplasmic layer of the cell that has a semisolid consistency from microfilaments.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Myosin

Output: A protein allowing microfilaments to have a primary role in motility. Used by muscles. They microfilaments overlap.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Pseudopodia

Output: These are "false feet" on cells.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Cytoplasmic Streaming

Output: A circular flow of cytoplasm within cells.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Intermediate Filaments

Output: Have a 8-12nm diameter. They specialize for bearing tension. They are a permanent framework.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Cell Wall

Output: Extracellular structure of plant cells that distinguishes them from animal cells.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Primary Cell Wall

Output: A young plant cell first secretes a thing flexible cell wall.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Middle Lamella

Output: A thin layer rich in sticky polysaccharides called pectins. It glues adjacent cells together.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Secondary Cell Wall

Output: Another layer added between the plasma membrane and the primary wall.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Extracellular Matrix

Output: The region outside the cell. It consists of glycoproteins and carbohydrates

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Collagen

Output: A strong fiber outside cells.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Proteoglycans

Output: A small core protein with many carbohydrates.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Fibrontectin

Output: An ECM glycoprotein that binds to receptor proteins called integrins

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Integrins

Output: Receptor proteins built into the plasma membrane

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Plasmodesmata

Output: membrane-lined channels filled with cytoplasm. It joins the internal chemical environment of other cells, unifying it.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Tight Junctions

Output: Plasma membranes of adjacent cells are very tight together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid. E.g. skin

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Desmosomes

Output: Rivets fastening cells together. They attach muscle cells to each other.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Gap Junctions

Output: Cytoplasmic channels from once cell to another.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: red tube

Output: What color tube top is used for urine collected from a cysto?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: sediment and urinalysis do not use for culture

Output: What is voided urine used for?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: 30 minutes refrigerate if you need extended time

Output: After collection, how long can you wait to do a urinalysis?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: makes it darker yellow

Output: What does light exposure do to urine color?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: RBCs, Hb, Mb, meth Hb Mb Hb

Output: What causes a red-brown color to urine? Which does not accumulate in serum? Which will discolor serum?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: Bilirubin Bilirubin & biliverdin

Output: What causes a yellow-orange discoloration of urine? Yellow-brown, yellow-green?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: Dissolved ions and molecules Cells, casts and crystals Cold

Output: Which elements of urine contribute to USG? What do not? What can cause a false increase in USG?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: 1) BUN & Crt 2) Amount of urine 3) Hydration status

Output: What should you interpret the USG with?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: > 1.030 > 1.035 > 1.025

Output: What are the normal USGs for dogs? Cats? Horses and cattle?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: Yes No Pink Yes

Output: Does centrifugation clear blood from urine? Hb? What color will plasma be with Hb? Will the patient be anemic?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: 1) UTI 2) Low protein diet 3) Respiratory alkalosis 4) Metabolic alkalosis 5) Alkalinizing drugs

Output: What are the five causes of an alkaline pH?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: 1) Carnivores, herbivores on milk, drugs 2) Acidosis 3) Hypokalemia 4) Furosimide 5) Hypochloremic metabolic aklalosis

Output: What are the five causes of an acidic pH?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: 1) Hemorrhage 2) Infection 3) Intravascular hemolysis 4) Renal dz

Output: What are the four causes of proteinuria?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: Negative Yes

Output: When you have proteinuria of renal dz, will it be blood positive or negative? Do you see casts?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: > 1.025 < 1.008 < 5

Output: At what USG will RBCs be crenated? Under what USG will RBCs lyse? How many RBCs in normal in a HPF?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: FeLV & FIV

Output: What test should you perform if you had a cat with yeast in their urine

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: Uric acid, cystine, calcium oxalate, bilirubin, melamine Struvite, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, ammonium biurate

Output: What type of crystalluria is present in acidic urine? In alkaline urine?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: Calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate

Output: What types of crystals are formed from ethylene glycol toxicity?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: > 2/LPF Proteinuria of renal dz or extra renal dz Waxy -> chronic renal dz

Output: What is an abnormal amount of hyaline casts? What is a cause of these? What type of casts are always of pathologic significance?

Urinalysis (Clin Path) Flashcards - Cram.com

What would you chose to do an cystocentesis over catheterization?


Input: [racial group] ethnic group

Output: a category of people who are distinguished as inferior or superior primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] dominant (majority) group

Output: One that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] subordinate (minority) group

Output: one whose members, because of physical/cultural characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the majority groups and regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] racism

Output: a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to jusify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] prejudice

Output: a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected racial and ethnic groups

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] ethnocentrism

Output: the assumption that one's own group and way of life are superior to all others

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] stereotypes

Output: overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of all members of the group

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] individual discrimination

Output: one-on-one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] institutional discrimination

Output: the day-to-day practices of organizations and institutions that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] scapegoat

Output: a person or group that is blamed for some problem causing frustration and is therefore subjected to hostility by others

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] assimilation

Output: the process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] amalgamation

Output: a process in which the cultural elements of racial-ethnic groups are blended together to form a new society

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] Anglo-conformity model

Output: a pattern of assimilation whereby members of subordinate racial-ethnic groups are expected to conform to the culture of the white population

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] ethnic pluralism

Output: the coexistence of diverse racial-ethnic groups w/ separate identities and cultures w/i a society

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] segregation

Output: the spatial and social separation of people by race/ethnicity, class, gender, or other social characteristics

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] gendered racism

Output: the interactive effect of racism and sexism in exploiting women of color *An explanation for why racial inequality exists according to a critical-conflict perspective

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] internal colonialism

Output: a process that occurs when members of a racial-ethnic group are conoquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group *An explanation for why racial inequality exists according to a critical-conflict perspective

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] theory of racial formation

Output: the government substantially defines racial and ethnic relations *An explanation for racial inequality according to a critical-conflict perspective

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] genocide

Output: the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] authoritarian personality

Output: describes an individual most likely to be highly prejudiced, characterized by conformity, intolerance, insecurity, etc. *An explanation for why prejudice exists according to the social-psychological perspective

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [racial group] split-labor market theory

Output: the U.S economy is divided into 2 employment sectors, one composed of more higher-paid workers in secure jobs *An explanation for why prejudice exists according to class perspectives

Ch 3: Racial and Ethnic Inequality Flashcards - Cram.com

a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected PHYSICAL characteristics


Input: [Down syndrome] Xeroderma pigmentosum, Albinism [ALL AML]

Output: Melanoma, Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinomas

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Chronic atrophic gastritis Pernicious anemia Postsurgical gastric remnants [ALL AML]

Output: Gastric adenocarcinoma

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Tuberous sclerosis (facial angiofibroma, seizures, mental retardation) [ALL AML]

Output: Astrocytoma angiomyolipoma cardiac rhabdomyoma

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Actinic keratosis [ALL AML]

Output: Squamous cell carcinoma of skin

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Barrett's esophagus (chronic GI reflux) [ALL AML]

Output: Esophageal adenocarcinoma

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Plummer-Vinson syndrome (atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, anemia; all due to iron deficiency) [ALL AML]

Output: Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Cirrhosis (alcoholic, hepatitis B or C) [ALL AML]

Output: Hepatocellular carcinoma

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Ulcerative colitis [ALL AML]

Output: Colonic adenocarcinoma

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Paget's disease of bone [ALL AML]

Output: Secondary osteosarcoma fibrosarcoma

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Immunodeficiency states [ALL AML]

Output: Malignant lymphomas

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] AIDS [ALL AML]

Output: Aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-Hodgkin's) and Kaposi's sarcoma

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Autoimmune disease (eg Hashimoto's thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis) [ALL AML]

Output: Lymphoma

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Acanthosis nigricans [ALL AML]

Output: Visceral malignancy (stomach, lung, breast, uterus)

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Dysplastic nevus [ALL AML]

Output: Malignant melanoma

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Down syndrome] Radiation exposure [ALL AML]

Output: Sarcoma, Papillary thyroid cancer

Disease conditions associated with neoplasms Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Direct Materials(CGM)

Output: Inventory 1/1 Add:Purchases Materials avbl for use Less:12/31 Direct Materials Used

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Cost of Goods Sold

Output: Finished Goods 1/1 Add: CGM Cost of Goods Avbl for sale Less:Finished Goods

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Job Order Costing

Output: a system for allocating costs to groups of unique products made to customer specifications.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Process Costing

Output: a system for allocating cost to homogenous units of a mass produced product.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Activity Based Costing

Output: a cost system that focuses on activities, determines that costs, and uses appropriate cost drivers.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Cost Driver

Output: denomiator for overhead in abc costing. usually volume related.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Cost Pools

Output: the numerator in determining overhead.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] non value added costs

Output: the cost of activities that can be eliminated without the customer perceiving a decline in product quality.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Value added cost

Output: cost of activites that cannot be eliminated without the customer perceiving a decline in product quality.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Backflush Costing

Output: goods are costed after they have been completed. Eliminates journal entries.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Product Costs

Output: Direct materials, Direct Labor, Manufacturing Overhead.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Period Costs

Output: cannot be associated with manufactured goods. Ex: Advertising Expense.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Prime Costs

Output: Direct Materials and Direct Labor

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Indirect Materials

Output: not easily traceable to the product. Ex:Glue

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Conversion Costs

Output: Direct Labor, and Manufacturing Overhead.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Joint Costing

Output: a system of assigning joint costs to joint products.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Mixed Costs

Output: have a fixed component, and a variable component.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Relevant Range

Output: is the operating range of activity in which cost behavior patterns are valid.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Service Department Cost Allocation Methods.

Output: 1)Direct Method 2)Step Method 3)Reciprocal Method

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Direct Method

Output: assigns costs based on proportions. Dept's X-80%, Dept Y-20%. Total Cost woudl be allocated based on percentages.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Step Method

Output: service departments serve other service departments.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Defective Units

Output: inferior goods reworked and sold as normal product.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Abnormal Spoilage

Output: Is a period cost.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Spoilage in Job Costing

Output: costs of abnormal spoilage should not be charged to jobs but written off as a loss of the period.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] By Products-

Output: can be sold and disclosed. Value can be recognized at any point.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Cost Function

Output: a mathematical expression of how a cost changes with changes in the level of activity.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] 4 approaches to cost estimation

Output: 1)Industrial Engineering 2)Conference Method 3)Account Analysis Method 4)Quantative Methods

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Industrial Engineering Method

Output: estimates of cost functions are derived from analyzing the physical relationships between inputs.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Conference Method

Output: estimates are made by individuals from various departments.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Account Analysis Method

Output: derived by analyzing ledger accounts and designating them as fixed, variable costs.

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: [Cost of Goods Manufactured] Quantative Methods

Output: derived from mathematical models

summarizes the manufacturing activity of the period. Summary of DM, and WIP accounts. -Beginning WIP+DM+DML+MOH-EWIP=CGM


Input: A diagram depicting the evolution of a taxonomic group [Systematics]

Output: Phylogeny reconstruction

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Input: The evolutionary development and history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms. [Systematics]

Output: phylogeny

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Input: Any named species or group of species [Systematics]

Output: Taxon

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Input: A diagram depicting the evolution of a taxonomic group Different from a cladogram [Systematics]

Output: Phylogenic Tree

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Input: An ancestral species and all of its descendant species [Systematics]

Output: Clade

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Input: Shared Traits suggest common ancestry They share traits because: Trait evolves in a lineage Trait persists in descendants All taxa in clade should exhibit the trait [Systematics]

Output: How do we know which groups of Taxa are clades?

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Input: A species that split and gave rise to new species (the closest two species have together) [Systematics]

Output: Last Common Ancestor

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Input: The taxa of interest in a phylogenic analysis [Systematics]

Output: Ingroup

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Input: Taxon that is closely related to the ingroup [Systematics]

Output: Outgroup

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Input: A trait that is found in the last common ancestor of some specified group of taxa and that is expected to be found in that ancestor’s descendants---shared ancestral trait ---Not informative about relationships in ingroup because all taxa in the group should have it (Homology) [Systematics]

Output: Symplesiomorphy

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Input: A trait that has changed from the condition seen in the last common ancestor of a particular group and which is shared among some of that ancestor’s descendants—shared derived trait ----Only trait informative about relationships within the ingroup because only some taxa will share it (Homology) [Systematics]

Output: Synapomorphy

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Input: Retained in descendants (trait evolves here) [Systematics]

Output: Homology

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Input: Are misleading about evolutionary relationships because the suggest incorrectly, that taxa are closely related Convergent evolution= Similar features evolve twice (analogous) [Systematics]

Output: Homoplasy

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Input: A trait that has changed from the condition seen in the last common ancestor of a particular group and which is found in only one of that ancestor’s descendants (Not informative about relationships because only one taxon has it) --unique trait [Systematics]

Output: Autapomorphy

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Input: -Classifies species based on overall similarity not concerned with phylogeny. Earliest approach, but now uncommon -Linnaeus’s classification was phenetic -Grouping species by overall shape is a type of phenetics (like skull measurement) -Uses all forms of traits and all phyletic groups [Systematics]

Output: Phenetics

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Input: DNA from two different species are denatured and combined together. It is a measure of the degree it takes to pull them apart, and then apart form each other [Systematics]

Output: DNA-DNA Hybridization

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Input: -Classifies species based on phylogeny only developed in the 1960s and now dominant -Only monophyletic grouping is allowed, only synapomorphies traits used in comparison [Systematics]

Output: Cladistics

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Input: -generally classifies based on phylogeny also recognizes subjective “grades” of evolution common in the century after Darwin -synapomorphies, symplesiomorphies, monophyletic, paraphyletic [Systematics]

Output: Evolutionary Systematics

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Input: An ancestral species and ALL of it’s descendent (= a clade) [Systematics]

Output: Monophyletic

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Input: An ancestral species and SOME of it’s descendent species [Systematics]

Output: Paraphyletic

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Input: Some species but NOT their last common ancestor [Systematics]

Output: Polyphyletic

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Input: syplesiomorphies, synampomorphies, [Systematics]

Output: Homologous traits

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Input: homoplasies, [Systematics]

Output: analogous traits

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Input: autapomorphies [Systematics]

Output: unique traits

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Input: Equal haves from right to left of the body, symmetrical [Systematics]

Output: Saggital

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Input: Cuts in half separates front and back [Systematics]

Output: Coronal

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Input: Cuts the body in half parallel to the ground (like a magician) [Systematics]

Output: Transverse

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Input: Above, towards the head [Systematics]

Output: Superior

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Input: Below, towards the tail [Systematics]

Output: Inferior

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Input: Towards the front [Systematics]

Output: Anterior

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Input: Towards the back [Systematics]

Output: Posterior

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Input: Towards the head [Systematics]

Output: Cranial

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Input: Towards the tail [Systematics]

Output: Caudal

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Input: Back [Systematics]

Output: Dorsal

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Input: Front [Systematics]

Output: Ventral

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Input: Closer to midline [Systematics]

Output: Medial

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Input: Farther from midline [Systematics]

Output: Lateral

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Input: Toward the origin (where it attaches) of a limb [Systematics]

Output: Proximal

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Input: Away from the origin of a limb [Systematics]

Output: Distal

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Input: Holds the brain and face [Systematics]

Output: Cranium

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Input: Joints between bones [Systematics]

Output: Sutures

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Input: Runs down middle between parietal [Systematics]

Output: Saggital suture

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Input: Separates frontal and parietal bones [Systematics]

Output: Coronal

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Input: Holds brain [Systematics]

Output: Cranial vault

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Input: Protects front of brain [Systematics]

Output: Frontal

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Input: Above the eye, looks like an eyebrow [Systematics]

Output: Supraorbital region

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Input: Towards the middle of skull, one on each side, connected by sutures [Systematics]

Output: Parietal

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Input: Towards the back of the skull, only one bone [Systematics]

Output: Occipital

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Input: At the base of the skull, hole for spinal cord [Systematics]

Output: Foramen magnum

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Input: Rough region for attachment of neck muscles [Systematics]

Output: Nuchal Region

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Input: Most complicated, one on each side of skull [Systematics]

Output: Temporal

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Input: Joint for mandible [Systematics]

Output: tempromandibular joint TMJ

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Input: -Includes all anatomy associated with hearing and the ear -opening to middle ear [Systematics]

Output: external auditory meatus

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Input: Right behind earlobe, large bony knob, muscle attaches to turn head from side to side [Systematics]

Output: Mastoid process

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Input: Houses middle and inner ear [Systematics]

Output: Petrous temporal

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Input: A primate synapomorphy Surrounds the middle ear cavity, derived from petrous part of temporal bone [Systematics]

Output: Petrosal Boulla

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Input: Single unpaired bone through the center of the skull Looks like wings when viewing from inside of skull [Systematics]

Output: Sphenoid

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Input: Paried bone that surrounds the opening of the inner nose (nasal aperature) Houses upper teeth Also holds hard palate [Systematics]

Output: Maxilla

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Input: Cheek bones, paired [Systematics]

Output: Zygomatic

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Input: Right between the eyes above the nose, very fragile [Systematics]

Output: Nasal

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Input: Bony knob that attaches to skull [Systematics]

Output: Mandibular condyle

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Input: Separately movable bone of the jaw [Systematics]

Output: Mandible

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Input: Long side parallel to ground [Systematics]

Output: Mandibular corpus

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Input: Lateral part on side that contains the TMJ [Systematics]

Output: Mandibular ramus

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Input: Chin in front [Systematics]

Output: Madibular symphysis

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Input: In front [Systematics]

Output: Incisors

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Input: Dracula teeth [Systematics]

Output: Canine

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Input: A.k.a bicuspids [Systematics]

Output: Premolars

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Input: Main grinding teeth [Systematics]

Output: Molars

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Input: 2123/2123 (incisors, canines, premolars, molars) Shows number of teeth in each category maxillary/mandibular [Systematics]

Output: Dental Formula

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Input: Attached to side of cranial vault Muscles of mastication [Systematics]

Output: Temporalis

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Input: From zygomatic to the bottom of the jaw (gonial region) Muscles of mastication [Systematics]

Output: Masseter

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Input: A type of analogous trait called a homoplasy which Are misleading about evolutionary relationships because the suggest incorrectly, that taxa are closely related. Similar features evolve twice [Systematics]

Output: Convergent Evolution

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Input: groups of animals based on simlar Characteristics and phylogeny [Systematics]

Output: classifications

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Input: -the opening on the skull bounded by the nasal and incisive bones -the anterior end of the bony nasal opening, connecting the external nose with the skull [Systematics]

Output: nasal aperature

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Input: one of the cavities or sockets of the jaw, in which the roots of the teeth are embedded [Systematics]

Output: alveolus

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Input: A muscle with origin from the pterygoid fossa of the sphenoid bone and the tuberosity of the maxilla, with insertion into the medial surface of the mandible, with nerve supply from the medial pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, and whose action raises the mandible and closes the jaw. (in picture looks like it connects inside jaw to sides of nose) [Systematics]

Output: medial pterygoid

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Input: origin of the temporalis muscle [Systematics]

Output: temporal lines

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Input: origin of masseter muscle [Systematics]

Output: zygomatic arch

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Input: insertion of masseter muscle [Systematics]

Output: gonial region

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Input: insertion of the temporalis muscle [Systematics]

Output: coronoid process

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Input: in primates who have very stong temporalis muslces the origin of the muslce is actually on top of the head and is so strong it pushes the plates together so in time the have evolved to have a bony crest on top of the skull for muslce attachment [Systematics]

Output: sagittal crest

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Input: vertebrae, sternum, ribs [Systematics]

Output: axial skeleton

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Input: Scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, wrist, hand [Systematics]

Output: upper limb (forelimb)

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Input: pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, ankle, foot [Systematics]

Output: lowerlimb (hindlimb)

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Input: Primarily equatorial Central America, Southeast Asia, Japan, North Africa Coast, South Africa, Madagascar, South America [Systematics]

Output: Where living primates live

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Input: Many Varieties Some are specialists on leaves (but most find these difficult to process) (used by mostly large bodied animals) Most like fruit Insects Bamboo Tree-sap Some like baboons can be carnivorous and kill other vertebrates Most spend a large part of their day finding and consuming food [Systematics]

Output: Diet

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Input: Fruit and seeds [Systematics]

Output: Frugivory (frugivore)

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Input: Seasonal availability High energy content Low nutrient content Easy to process Can’t live on fruit alone (must supplement with insects or leaves) [Systematics]

Output: Fruit Proportions

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Input: medium sized with large canines [Systematics]

Output: Frugivore body size and specialization

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Input: Includes young and mature leaves, and flower blossoms [Systematics]

Output: Folivory (folivore)

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Input: High in availability Medium energy content Medium nutrient content Hard to process (made of cellulose) [Systematics]

Output: Leaves Proportions

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Input: Large Because leaves take time and space to digest Small incisors for folivores Folivores long crests on molars, good for shearing cellulose [Systematics]

Output: Leaf-eater body size and teeth specialization

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Input: short simple [Systematics]

Output: Fruit-eater digestive system

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Input: long complex [Systematics]

Output: leaf-eater digestive system

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Input: Includes crunchy adult insects and soft larvae and pupae [Systematics]

Output: Insectivory (Insectivore)

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Input: Low availability High energy content High nutrient content Medium to process (variable) [Systematics]

Output: Insect food proportions

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Input: small bodied large incisors and canines long crests on molars, Good for shearing chitin [Systematics]

Output: Insect-eater body size and teeth specilization

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Input: short simple gut [Systematics]

Output: Insect-eater digestive system

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Input: in leaves, hard to digest [Systematics]

Output: cellulose

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Input: exoskeleton of insects required much force to pierce [Systematics]

Output: chitin

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Input: There are no insectivores larger than 500 grams [Systematics]

Output: Kay's Threshold

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Input: None of them dig in the ground and none are primarily aquatic Some have webbing under the arms but none of them fly Quadruped (four-legged) on the ground, or quadruped in trees Swing through trees by use of arms (very few species actually do this) Some jump a lot from tree to tree Chimpanzees are knuckle-walkers [Systematics]

Output: Locomotion

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Input: Ribcage is narrow from side to side Forelimb and hindlimb are similar in length Two type Arboreal and Terrestrial [Systematics]

Output: Quadrupeds

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Input: Shorter limbs for balance Powerful grasping hands and feet for holding on Large tail for balance [Systematics]

Output: Arboreal Quadrupeds

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Input: Long limbs for long steps Short, strong digits Stronger, less flexible joints [Systematics]

Output: Terrestrial Quadrupeds

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Input: exhibted in apes like chimpanzees, leaning over and placing pressure on the middle phlange [Systematics]

Output: Knucklewalking

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Input: Wide Range of Habitats Not as common in areas with strong seasonality (America, Canada) Some live in tropical rainforest and trees Woodlands Grasslands Places with snow Nocturnal and Diurnal [Systematics]

Output: Habitats

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Input: Hindlimbs are longer in primates that leap [Systematics]

Output: Leaping

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Input: Very long hindlimbs Long spines Powerful grasping hands and feet [Systematics]

Output: Vertical clingers and leapers

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Input: Very long forelimbs Very long and curved hand bones-phalanges Ribcage is wide from side to side Very mobile arm joints (shoulder, elbow, and wrist) [Systematics]

Output: Suspensory

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Input: Large primates can bridge many gaps-must leap less often [Systematics]

Output: Bridging and body size

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Input: Small primates encounter more gaps that they can’t reach across- must leap more often [Systematics]

Output: Leaping and body size

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Input: Small primates balance more easily on top of branches-tend to be arboreal quadrupeds Large primates find balancing on top of branches more difficult-are more commonly suspensory [Systematics]

Output: Balance and body size

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Input: Small animals are less likely to be injured if they fall, and therefore are more likely to leap Most large primates realize the consequences of falling if you are large, and don’t leap or even climb that much [Systematics]

Output: Falling and body size

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Input: Terrestrial primates encounter more predators, and tend to be larger Arboreal primates encounter fewer predators, and tend to be smaller [Systematics]

Output: Predators and body size

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Input: Post orbital bar Five digits Claws Divergent orbits Small brain Strepsirhini Large snout Tapetum lucidum Multiple nipples Biocornuate uterus Unfused mandibular symphysis [Systematics]

Output: Ancestral Mammalian Traits

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Input: Grasping Extremities Divergent Hallux Nail on Hallux Convergent Orbits Eyes face the front Postorbital Bar Reduced Snout Larger Brain Petrosal Bulla [Systematics]

Output: Derived Primate Traits

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Input: Tooth comb [Systematics]

Output: Derived Strepsirhine Traits

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Input: Loss of Tapetum Lucidum Haplorhini [Systematics]

Output: Derived Haplorhine Traits

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Input: Middles ear has three ear bones, Petrosal Bulla-middle ear chamber of air surrounded by bones; the bulla is the bottom thin area of bone of the chamber. To help sound travel through the fluid filled chamber. Grows out of petrius part of the temporal bone (which is a composite of bones that have become fused together) [Systematics]

Output: Petrosal Bulla

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Input: bright layer within the eye [Systematics]

Output: Tapetum lucidum

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Input: wet nose, split upper lip [Systematics]

Output: Strepsirhini

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Input: Fused Mandibular Symphysis Unicornuate Uterus Single Pair of Nipples Postorbital Closure [Systematics]

Output: Derived Anthropoid Traits

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Input: Postorbital bar has area that fuses with the skull. No hole between the bar and the skull [Systematics]

Output: Postorbital Closure

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Input: Laterally facing nostrils (Facing sideways) [Systematics]

Output: Derived Platyrrhine Traits

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Input: Downward Facing Nostrils Two Premolars Ischial Callosities [Systematics]

Output: Derived Catarrhine Traits

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Input: (ex. on baboons) Callus on butt. But the pelvis is extended in catarrhines too [Systematics]

Output: Ischial Callosities

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Input: Bilophodont Molars (Two-crested tooth) [Systematics]

Output: Derived Cercopithecoid Traits

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Input: Larger Brain Loss of Tail Long Arms Broad Thorax [Systematics]

Output: Derived Hominoid Traits

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Input: grasping thumb, pulled away from other digits ? [Systematics]

Output: Divergent Hallux

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Input: active in day time [Systematics]

Output: Diurnal

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Input: active a night time [Systematics]

Output: nocturnal

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Input: Grasping Hands and Feet All have a nail on their big toe (hallux) rather than a claw. Most have nails on all of their toes. Many have opposable thumbs actually Enhanced Vision Postorbital bar Reduced Sense of Smell (Olfaction) Smaller, less complicated nasal cavities than other mammals Increased Brain Development [Systematics]

Output: Primate Characteristics

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Input: Two schools of classification that can divide the taxa differently [Systematics]

Output: Prosimian/Anthropoid vs. Strepsirhine/Haplorhine

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Input: Traditional division was Prosimian/Anthropoid [Systematics]

Output: Evolutionary Systematic Classification

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Input: More recent methods use Strepsirhine/Haplorhine Used by Clade The only difference is where you place the Tarsius, [Systematics]

Output: Cladistic Classification

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Input: Lemuroid, and lorisids [Systematics]

Output: Strepshirrhines

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Input: Restricted to Island of Madagascar 14 Genera in 5 Groups Body Size Range 1oz-15lbs Most are diurnal, but some are nocturnal arboreal and terrestrial quadrupeds, vertical clingers and leapers Eat fruit, flowers, gums, and leaves Example: Aye-Aye [Systematics]

Output: Lemuroid

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Input: Live in Africa and Asia All nocturnal Body Range 2oz-3.5lbs Arboreal Quadrupeds and Slow Climbers Fruit, Gums, and Insects 9 Genera in 2 Major Groups [Systematics]

Output: Lorisoid

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Input: Has combination of primitive and derived features Live in Southeast Asia Body Range 3.5 oz All Nocturnal-but have problems seeing at night, so they have HUGE eyes that are bigger than their brain Nose is more common to humans, fused upper lip, not wet and external Vertical Clingers and Leapers Insects One Genus [Systematics]

Output: Tarsius

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Input: Platyrrhines-New World Monekys Catarrhines [Systematics]

Output: Haplorhines

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Input: Monekys South and Central America Amazonian drainage basin primarily Body Range Size 3.5oz-22lbs All Diurnal except for owl monkey All Arboreal- quadrupeds, suspensions, leaping (only 5 genera have prehensile tail) Fruit, Leaves, Insects, Seeds, Gums [Systematics]

Output: Platyrrhines-New World

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Input: Cercopithecoids-“Old Word Monkeys” Hominoids-“Apes and Humans” [Systematics]

Output: Catarrhines

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Most abundant primate group Africa and Asia 2.5lbs-70lbs All Diurnal Most arboreal, but some terrestrial-quadrupeds Fruit, leaves, seeds, invertebrates, vertebrates 22 Genera in Two Major Groups Cercopithecines “cheek- pouch monkeys” Colobines “Leaf Monkeys” [Systematics]

Output: Cercopithecoids-“Old Word Monkeys”

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chimpanzees and Gorilla-Africa Orangutans and Gibbons-Southeast Asia 13 lbs-385 lbs diurnal suspension, knuckle-walking, bipedalism fruit, leaves, insects, meat, seeds, etc. 5 Genera Hylobates Pongo Gorilla Pan Homo [Systematics]

Output: Hominoids-“Apes and Humans”

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Gibbons genera [Systematics]

Output: Hylobates

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Orangutans genera [Systematics]

Output: Pongo

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: gorillas (the genera has the same name) [Systematics]

Output: Gorilla

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Common chimapanzees Bonobo genera [Systematics]

Output: Pan

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: humans genera [Systematics]

Output: Homo

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sir Wilfrid Le Gros Clark Believed the specialization of primate characteristics came about for life in trees This hypothesis must be tested: by the Comparative Method [Systematics]

Output: Arboreal Theory

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Used to test hypotheses about adaptation. Looks for repeated associations Ex. Prehensile tail have evolved many times, always in species that live near branching plant. [Systematics]

Output: Comparative Method

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Input: Matt Cartmill Questioned arboreal theory because other animals are specialized for climbing in trees but are not primates. Ex. squirrels Believed primates are adapted to catching insects while in the trees [Systematics]

Output: Visual Predation Theory

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Some are misogamist Some prefer to be alone Some live larger communities [Systematics]

Output: Social Behavior

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Closest extant taxa to primates 1. Primates 2.Tree Shrews 3.Colugos 4.Bats [Systematics]

Output: Archonta

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 4.5 billion years ago, [Systematics]

Output: Earth Formed

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 3.8 billion years ago, [Systematics]

Output: first evidence of life

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Organisims, after billions of years, finally had hard body parts and began showing up in the fossil record, followed by rapid diversification [Systematics]

Output: Cambrian Explosion

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Extinction 250mya, at the end of the Paleozoic Era. Possibly caused by massive volcanic eruption in Siberia, that warmed the global environment, possibly warmed the oceans and released frozen methane from the bottom of the ocean massively reducing oxygen from 30% to 10%. [Systematics]

Output: Permian Extinction

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 65mya last major extinction (dinosaurs) Cenozoic Epock [Systematics]

Output: KT Boundary

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Paleocene Eocne Oligocene Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene holocene [Systematics]

Output: Epochs of the Cenozoic

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Little Fossil Record 65-45mya no clear primate fossils strepsirhine/haplorhine split likely occured [Systematics]

Output: Paleocene

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Early Strepsirhines and Haplorhines 54-34mya Earliest known primate fossils Likely ancestors of strepsirhine and haplorhine Adapid & Omomyids Platyrrhine/Catarrhine Split [Systematics]

Output: Eocene

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: North America, Europe, and Asia look like Tarsier [Systematics]

Output: Omomyids

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: look more like Lemurs and Lorises North America, Europe, and Asia [Systematics]

Output: Adapids

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -Ape Diversity and the First Hominids 23-5.5mya cercopithecoid/hominoid split [Systematics]

Output: Miocene

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 5.5-1.8mya [Systematics]

Output: Pliocene

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1.8-.01mya [Systematics]

Output: Pleistocene

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 12Kya-Today [Systematics]

Output: Holocene

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Fayum Depression in Egypt, has lots of primate evidence River Delta Environment Most of the work has been spearheaded by Elyum Simons [Systematics]

Output: Fayum Depression

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Monkeys Galore 34-23mya Africa, Asia, South America Fayum Depression Platyrrhines (New World Monkeys [Systematics]

Output: Oligocene-

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Probably originated in Africa Migrated to south America Quickly evolved many lineages [Systematics]

Output: Platyrrhines (New World Monkeys

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Area they occupy, and places they might go [Systematics]

Output: Homerange

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Defended area within a homerange, exhibited by some primates but not all [Systematics]

Output: Territory

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: One adult female and one adult male Ex. Titi monkey [Systematics]

Output: Monogamy

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Males and females solitary but in overlapping ranges Ex. orangutan [Systematics]

Output: Noyau

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: One adult female and multiple adult males (rare) Ex. Saddleback Tamarin [Systematics]

Output: Polyandry

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: One adult male and multiple adult female Ex. Gorilla [Systematics]

Output: Polygyny

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Multiple adults females and males Ex. Baboons [Systematics]

Output: Multi-Male/Multi-Female

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Multiple males and female in a group, but with frequent changing of group composition Ex. Chimpanzee (this is what we do too) [Systematics]

Output: Fission-Fusion

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Predator Defense Model Resource Defense model Mate Acquisition [Systematics]

Output: Reasons for Living in a Group

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Advantages: “selfish herd” effect -odds go down that you will be the one picked by a predator) alarm calls mobbing Disadvantages: Predator attraction [Systematics]

Output: Predator Defense Model

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Advantages: Access to resource defended by other groups Disadvantages: Must share resources with your group members [Systematics]

Output: Resource Defense model

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Advantages: Greater access to potential mates Disadvantages: Leads to competition over mates [Systematics]

Output: Mate Acquisition

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Small group size Small homerange [Systematics]

Output: Resource Distribution Many small patches

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Large group size Large homerange [Systematics]

Output: Resource Distribution Few Large patches

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: instinctively or temperamentally seeking and enjoying the company of others [Systematics]

Output: Gregariousness

Bones, Stone, and Human Evolution Exam 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] accord [2]

Output: agreement

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] engross [2]

Output: to occupy the complete attention

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] entail [2]

Output: to restrict

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] habituate [2]

Output: to become used to

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] scoff [2]

Output: to make fun of

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] upbraid [2]

Output: to blame

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] veritable [2]

Output: real

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] appease [2]

Output: to make calm

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] calamitous [2]

Output: causing great misfortune

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] conventional [2]

Output: ordinary

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ensue [2]

Output: to follow in order

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] gallantry [2]

Output: bravery

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] impart [2]

Output: to make known

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] regale [2]

Output: to feast

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] taint [2]

Output: stain or spot

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] abdicate [2]

Output: to resign

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] caustic [2]

Output: sarcastic

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] embargo [2]

Output: boycott

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] fallacy [2]

Output: misconception

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] levity [2]

Output: giddiness

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pivotal [2]

Output: essential

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ruse [2]

Output: a trick

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] tenet [2]

Output: opinion

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] tractable [2]

Output: easy to deal with

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] voracious [2]

Output: greedy

CUMLATIVE vocab 10-12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Staphylococcus aureus [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: the release of exfoliative toxin by this organism results in the disease Impetigo

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Staphylococcus saprophyticus [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: this organism is associated with commonly causing urinary tract infections in sexually active young adult and adolescent females

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mycobacterium leprae [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: which of the following organisms would be considered least virulent

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Clostridium tetani [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: production of a neurotoxin that binds to target sites on spinal cord neurons responsible for inhibiting skeletal muscle contraction is a characteristic of:

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Clostridium perfringens [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: this organisms can infect deeper wound sites and produce exotoxins, enzymes, and gas that cause tissue and muscle necrosis

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Causes a unique 21-day cyclic fever [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: all of the following pertain to Listeria monocytogenes except:

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Diphtheria [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: the formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: antibiotics cannot treat and cure tuberculosis [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: all of the following pertain to tuberculosis except:

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: influenza (flu) [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: which of the following is not caused by Haemophilus influenzae?

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Treponena pallidum subspecies pallidum: [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: [all of the choices are correct] causes syphilis; can cross the placenta; is a spirochete; is transmitted by direct sexual contact.

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Secondary [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: stage of syphilis that fever, lymphadenopathy, and a red-to-brown rash occurs

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tertiary [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: stage of syphilis that permanent cardiovascular and neurological damage is seen

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lyme disease [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: erythema migrans, a bull's-eye rash at the portal of entry, is associated with:

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Neuraminidase [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: the enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is:

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: bacterial pneumonia [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: influenza infection predisposes compromised patients for acquiring:

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: measles [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: oral lesions called Koplik's spots are seen in patients with:

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: rubella [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: this febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fetal damage:

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: rabies [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: not caused by a prion

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: yellow fever [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: what is a hemorrhagic fever?

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: spongiform encephalopathies are: [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: [all of the above] associated with abnormal, transmissible, protein in the brain; chronic, fatal infections of the nervous system; caused by prions; asociated with CJD.

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: this opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: how does acanthamoeba differ from Naegleria fowleri? [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: only acanthamoeba enters typically through broken skin or the conjunctiva

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: which of the following is an apicomplexian parasite? [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: toxoplasma gondii

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: which of the following is not a protozoal disease? [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: tetanus

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: trypanosoma brucei [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: causes african sleeping sickness

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T/F: It is theorized that rheumatic fever could be the result of antibodies to Streptococcus pyogenes that cross-react with patient cardiac tissue. [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: true

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T/F: Impetigo involves itching papules that break and form a very contagious yellow crust. [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: true

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T/F: Tetanus can be prevented with the DTaP childhood immunization and boosters of the tetanus toxoid. [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: true

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T/F: A black eschar develops on the hand or arm of a patient with measles. [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: false

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T/F: Chlamydias and rickettsias are unusual bacteria because they do not have cell walls. [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: false

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T/F: Chlamydiosis can lead to ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease. [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: true

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T/F: A person carrying one gene for sickle-cell hemoglobin will be resistant to Plasmodium infection. [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: true

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T/F: Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 can cause encephalitis in neonates. [Streptococcus agalactiae]

Output: true

Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] You use a(n) _____to automate data analyses. [2]

Output: data table


Input: [1] A(n)_____ shows the beginning and ending balances and the amount of payment that is applied to the principal and interest over a period. [2]

Output: amortization schedule


Input: [1] _____ ensures that users do notb change values inadvertently that are critical to the worksheet. [2]

Output: Cell protection


Input: [1] _____ examines the formulas in a workbook in a manner similar to the way the spell checker examines a workbook for misspelled words. [2]

Output: The formula checker


Input: [1] The data _____ section of a worksheet includes data items entered by a user of a worksheet. [2]

Output: entry


Input: [1] Cell _____ help to set off sections of a worksheet. [2]

Output: borders


Input: [1] To print individual sections of a worksheet, _____ these sections and then print them by _____. [2]

Output: name, name


Input: [1] When considering which cells another worksheet user should be able to manipulate, leave the cells _____. [2]

Output: unprotected


Input: [1] You can deselect multiple selected sheets beginning with the Sheet1 tab by pressing the _____ key and clicking the Sheet1 tab. [2]

Output: SHIFT


Input: [1] A cell _____ often is created from column or row titles. [2]

Output: name


Input: [1] Which of the following is the path to the Borders button? [2]

Output: (Home tab | Font group)


Input: [1] You can select a cell or range by typing it's _____ in the Name Box and pressing the ENTER key. [2]

Output: name


Input: [1] Names are _____ cell references. [2]

Output: absolute


Input: [1] Which of the following is the path to the Name Manager button? [2]

Output: (Formulas tab | Defined Names group)


Input: [1] Names are _____ to the workbook. [2]

Output: global


Input: [1] Which of the following is the path to the Financial button and the PMT function? [2]

Output: (Formulas tab | Function Library group)


Input: [1] With a(n) _____ data table you can vary the value in one cell. [2]

Output: one-input


Input: [1] Data tables must be built in a(n) _____ area of a worksheet. [2]

Output: unused


Input: [1] Which of the following is the path to the Fill button? [2]

Output: (Home tab | Editing group)


Input: [1] What is the path to the What-If Analysis button? [2]

Output: (Data tab | Data Tools group)


Input: [1] Which of the following is the maximum number of active data tables per worksheet? [2]

Output: As many as you want


Input: [1] You can delete a data table by selecting the data table and then _____. [2]

Output: pressing the DELETE key


Input: [1] Which of the following is the path to the Cell Styles button? [2]

Output: (Home tab | Styles group)


Input: [1] The _____ function returns the present value of an annuity. [2]

Output: PV


Input: [1] To prevent round-off errors, use the _____ function. [2]

Output: ROUND


Input: [1] You can scale a worksheet so that it will fit on one page with an option on the _____ tab in the Page Setup dialog box. [2]

Output: Page


Input: [1] You can set up a worksheet to print in black and white with an option on the _____ tab in the Page Setup dialog box. [2]

Output: Sheet


Input: [1] A check mark in the _____ check box speeds up printing by ignoring formatting and not printing most graphics. [2]

Output: Draft quality


Input: [1] Rather than setting a print area each time you want to print a range, you can _____ the range. [2]

Output: name


Input: [1] When building a worksheet for novice users, you should _____ the cells in the worksheet that you do not want changed, such as cells that contain text or formulas. [2]

Output: protect


Input: [1] You should create a(n) _____ when you want to keep others from changing the worksheet from protected to unprotected. [2]

Output: password


Input: [1] To prevent sensitive data from being seen in a worksheet, you can hide the worksheet by clicking _____ on the shortcut menu. [2]

Output: Hide


Input: [1] To hide an entire workbook on an unattended computer, click the Hide button on the _____. [2]

Output: (View tab | Window group)


Input: [1] In a process called _____, Excel continually reviews the workbook for errors in formulas as you create or manipulate it. [2]

Output: background formula checking


Input: [1] Similar to the spell checker, Excel has a _____ that checks formulas in a worksheet for rule violations. [2]

Output: formula checker


Input: [1] When a formula fails to pass one of the rules and background formula checking is enabled, Excel displays a small _____ in the upper-left corner of the cell assigned the formula. [2]

Output: green triangle


Input: Light passes through the specimen through glass which magnifies it [Organelles]

Output: Light Microscope


Input: Electrons are beamed through the specimen [Organelles]

Output: Electron Microscope


Input: useful for detailed study of topography of a specimen [Organelles]

Output: Scanning Electron Microscope


Input: Used to study internal structure of cells by aiming an electron beam through a thin layer of specimen after being stained with heavy metals [Organelles]

Output: Transmission Electron Microscope


Input: Takes cells apart and separates major organelles from one another.The higher the speed, the smaller the pellets that appear on the bottom. [Organelles]

Output: Cell Fractionation


Input: Jellylike substance within cells [Organelles]

Output: Cytosol


Input: Region with concentrated DNA in prokaryotic cells [Organelles]

Output: Nucleoid


Input: Interior of the cell, but only between the plasma membrane and the nucleus [Organelles]

Output: Cytoplasm


Input: A selective barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wasters to service the cell. It has a large SA to V ratio. [Organelles]

Output: Plasma Membrane


Input: Contains most of the genes of the cell [Organelles]

Output: Nucleus


Input: Encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm. [Organelles]

Output: Nuclear Envelope


Input: A net-like array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by supporting the nuclear envelope on the inside. [Organelles]

Output: Nuclear Lamina


Input: Units of DNA, carrying genetic information [Organelles]

Output: Chromosomes


Input: A complex of DNA and proteins making the chromosomes [Organelles]

Output: Chromatin


Input: A dense region of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made. [Organelles]

Output: Nucleolus


Input: Ribosomal RNA and protein that carry out protein synthesis [Organelles]

Output: Ribosomes


Input: The nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes,vesicles, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane. [Organelles]

Output: Endomembrane System


Input: Sacs made of membrane that interrelate the various organelles [Organelles]

Output: Vesicles


Input: Accounts for most of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. Has two parts: Smooth and Rough. [Organelles]

Output: Endoplasmic Reticulum


Input: Lacks ribosomes on its outer surface. Produces lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs/poisons, and stores calcium ions. [Organelles]

Output: Smooth ER


Input: Covered in ribosomes. Produces proteins. [Organelles]

Output: Rough ER


Input: Primarily secretory proteins. [Organelles]

Output: Glycoproteins


Input: Vesicles that move from one part of the cell to another transporting material. [Organelles]

Output: Transport Vesicles


Input: Warehouse for receiving, sorting, shipping, and some manufacturing. Products of the ER are modified. Has two sides, cis (near ER) and trans (away from ER) [Organelles]

Output: Golgi apparatus


Input: Sac of hydrolytic enzymes hat digest macromolecules. [Organelles]

Output: Lysosomes


Input: Cells eat by engulfing food particles. [Organelles]

Output: Phagocytosis


Input: Vesicles from the ER and Golgi apparatus. [Organelles]

Output: Vacuoles


Input: Infolding of the mitochondria [Organelles]

Output: Cristae


Input: enclosed by the inner membrane. [Organelles]

Output: Mitochondrial Matrix


Input: Interconnected sacs within the chloroplast. [Organelles]

Output: Thylakoids


Input: Each stack in the thylakoids [Organelles]

Output: Granum


Input: Fluid outside the thylakoids which contains the chloroplast DNA and ribosomes and enzymes. [Organelles]

Output: Stroma


Input: Family of plant related organelles. e.g. Chloroplast [Organelles]

Output: Plastid


Input: contains enzymes that remove H atoms from varous substrates and makes H2O2. They break fatty acids, detoxify alcohol. Has enzymes that convert H2O2 into water. [Organelles]

Output: Peroxisome


Input: Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm [Organelles]

Output: Cytoskeleton


Input: Required to interact with the cytoskeleton for motility [Organelles]

Output: Motor Proteins


Input: Hollow rods approximately 25nm wide. Shape and support cell and provide tracks from motor proteins to move on. Also used to split cell during cell division. [Organelles]

Output: Microtubules


Input: Mictotubules grow out from here. [Organelles]

Output: Centrosome


Input: Within the centrosome. They replicate before the cell divides. [Organelles]

Output: Centrioles


Input: Flagella/um is a tail used for movement. Cilia are hairlike structures that are used in movement. [Organelles]

Output: Flagella and Cilia


Input: Microtubules for flagellum and cilium are anchored here. [Organelles]

Output: Basal Body


Input: Large motor proteins that are responsible fro the bending movements of an organelle. [Organelles]

Output: Dyneins


Input: Solid rods, about 7nm in diameter. a twisted double chain of actin subunits that support the cell's shape. [Organelles]

Output: Microfilaments


Input: The cytoplasmic layer of the cell that has a semisolid consistency from microfilaments. [Organelles]

Output: Cortex


Input: A protein allowing microfilaments to have a primary role in motility. Used by muscles. They microfilaments overlap. [Organelles]

Output: Myosin


Input: These are "false feet" on cells. [Organelles]

Output: Pseudopodia


Input: A circular flow of cytoplasm within cells. [Organelles]

Output: Cytoplasmic Streaming


Input: Have a 8-12nm diameter. They specialize for bearing tension. They are a permanent framework. [Organelles]

Output: Intermediate Filaments


Input: Extracellular structure of plant cells that distinguishes them from animal cells. [Organelles]

Output: Cell Wall


Input: A young plant cell first secretes a thing flexible cell wall. [Organelles]

Output: Primary Cell Wall


Input: A thin layer rich in sticky polysaccharides called pectins. It glues adjacent cells together. [Organelles]

Output: Middle Lamella


Input: Another layer added between the plasma membrane and the primary wall. [Organelles]

Output: Secondary Cell Wall


Input: The region outside the cell. It consists of glycoproteins and carbohydrates [Organelles]

Output: Extracellular Matrix


Input: A strong fiber outside cells. [Organelles]

Output: Collagen


Input: A small core protein with many carbohydrates. [Organelles]

Output: Proteoglycans


Input: An ECM glycoprotein that binds to receptor proteins called integrins [Organelles]

Output: Fibrontectin


Input: Receptor proteins built into the plasma membrane [Organelles]

Output: Integrins


Input: membrane-lined channels filled with cytoplasm. It joins the internal chemical environment of other cells, unifying it. [Organelles]

Output: Plasmodesmata


Input: Plasma membranes of adjacent cells are very tight together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid. E.g. skin [Organelles]

Output: Tight Junctions


Input: Rivets fastening cells together. They attach muscle cells to each other. [Organelles]

Output: Desmosomes


Input: Cytoplasmic channels from once cell to another. [Organelles]

Output: Gap Junctions


Input: The wealth of societies in which the capitalist mode of production prevails appears as an “immense collection of commodities.”

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: More direct connection – most goods consumed were produced by themselves or person they knew.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION In older non-market societies how could we characterize people’s relationships with goods?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: The social relations of production were visible o all and in a sense, embedded in goods as a part of their meaning.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What feature of goods did Marx recognize and install into his methodological framework?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: If one could understand how commodity was produced, exchanged, and consumed, one would have the basis of an understanding of the entire system of capital relations.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION Why did Marx start his analysis with the Commodity?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: They are emptied out. “Fetish of commodities” = a disguise whereby the appearance of things in the marketplace masks the story of who fashioned them and under what conditions.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What happens to the real meaning of goods in capitalist production and consumption?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Feelings of unreality, depression, and loss accompanied by the experience of autonomy.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What does T. Jackson Lears argue about the early years of the 20th century?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Became an almost entirely secular process.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What had happened to the quest for health by the 20th century?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: A world in which all overarching structures of meaning had collapsed. (Phillip Rieff)

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION How does advertising resemble the therapeutic world?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Resolves the tensions and contradictions of the INDUSTRIAL society as the marketplace and consumption take over traditional culture.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION In the consumer society what takes over the functions of traditional culture?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: To refill the emptied commodity with meaning.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What is the function of advertising with regard to the relation between object and producer?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Celebration of the great productive capacities of industrial society as reflected in products.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION In the stage of Idolatry, how does the consumer society respond to the appearance of the “immense collection of commodities”?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Stage of idolatry.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What are the early stages of national advertising characterized by?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Visual clichés that employed vague forms of sacred symbolism – such as visuals sought to transform the product in a “surrogate trigger.”

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What strategy did advertisers use to call forth a religious experience with objects?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Icons are symbols; they mean something. Advertising moves from the worship of commodities to their MEANING within a SOCIAL CONTEXT.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION How does advertising develop in the stage of Iconology?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Product reflects desires of the individual; power predominates through the strategy of “black magic” (= sudden physical transformation, entrance others.)

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION In the stage of Narcissism how is the power of the product predominantly manifested?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Correlation between natural and social world where natural differences stand for social difference. Goods take place of NATURAL SPECIES.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION In the stage of Totemism, what do goods take the place of?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Psychologically, physically, and socially.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION In the contemporary marketplace how is the person-object relationship articulated?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: An enchanted kingdom of magic and fetishism where goods are autonomous, wher they enter into relations with each other, and where they appear in “fantastic forms” in their relations to humans.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION How does advertising reflect the world that Marx described as characteristic of capitalism?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: To make them feel good.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What is the real function of advertising if not to give people information?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Version of God because advertising can “satisfy” us and “justify” our choices.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What is advertising a secular version of and why?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Commodity and person that serve as ultimate and competing forms of perception.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What two gospels does John Kavanaugh identify?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: At a mundane every day level.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION At what level does advertising as a religion operate?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Fetishistic religion; affects physical, social, and psychological human conduct that attention is directed to.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What kind of religion can advertising be compared to?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Choice between man as consumer and man as user because advertising both recognizes our reality and then offers a false interpretation of it.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION According to Raymond Williams, what choice does modern advertising obscure?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: The spirits of technology.

Output: ADVERTISING AS RELIGION In the world of advertising the spirits of what invade the commodity and supply its power?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Question of determination – what structures the world and how we live in it.

Output: ON ADVERTISING As a social scientist, what question is Jhally interested in?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Philosophers help us understand the world, but the point is to change it.

Output: ON ADVERTISING What is Marx’s aphorism that Jhally works with?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: How little they knew about literature compared to advertising.

Output: ON ADVERTISING What was Twitchell amazed by in terms of what his students knew?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Why it’s been so overlooked, so denigrated; why happiness can’t come from it.

Output: ON ADVERTISING What about the material world interests Twitchell?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?