Input: Characterized by red, flaky skin elevations covered by thick, dry, silvery scales. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: PSORIASIS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: PSORIASIS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED if painful. NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Characterized by itching, scaling, and sometimes painful lesions exhibited as a raised red-ringed patch. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: RINGWORM

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: RINGWORM [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: CONTRAINDICATED CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the blood vessels and hair follicles of the face, characterized by persistent redness and swelling. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: ROSACEA

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ROSACEA [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: INDICATED NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Infestation caused by parasitic mites that burrow and crawl under the skin's surface. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: SCABIES

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: SCABIES [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: CONTRAINDICATED CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tissue that is the result of the healing process. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: SCARS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: SCARS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Autoimmune disorder affecting blood vessels and connective tissue. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: SCHLERODERMA

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: SCHLERODERMA [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Common benign swelling beneath the skin lined by keratinizing epithelium and filled with material composed of sebum and epithelial debris. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: SEBACEOUS CYSTS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: SEBACEOUS CYSTS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dandruff or cradle cap, is dry,scaly material from the scalp or any excessive scaly material from the skin that may not be associated with disease. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED or CONTRAINDICATED if due to contraindicated disease.

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Acute infection of the peripheral nervous system caused by the reactivation of a latent herpes zoster (chickenpox) virus. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: SHINGLES

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: SHINGLES [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION of infected area. CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tiny flaps of skin. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: SKIN TAGS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: SKIN TAGS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: INDICATED NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tearing, thinning, or overstretching of skin that actually reduces its thickness. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: STRETCH MARKS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: STRETCH MARKS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Deep pressure is CONTRAINDICATED. NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Thickening of the epidermis resulting in a mass of cutaneous elevations caused by a contagious virus , papilomavirus. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: WARTS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: WARTS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Anatomic Position] Supine

Output: Lying on back, face and palms up.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Dorsal Lithotomy Position

Output: a.k.a. lithotomy position Suppine with patient's buttocks at the end of the operating table, hips and knees up and apart and feet strapped in supports.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Dorsal Recumbent Position

Output: Suppine with knees bent, hips rotated outward, and feet flat

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Laparotomy Position

Output: Supine with only the upper torso exposed

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Trendelenburg Position

Output: Laparotomy position with the patient inclined 45 degrees so that the pelvis is higher than the head.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Four Main Body Cavities

Output: cranial (upper dorsal) spinal (lower dorsal) throacic (upper ventral) abdominopelvic (lower ventral)

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Cranial Cavity

Output: a.k.a. Upper Dorsal Cavity Houses the brain (and pituitary gland)

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Upper Dorsal Cavity

Output: a.k.a. Cranial Cavity Encases the brain

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Spinal Cavity

Output: a.k.a. Lower Dorsal Cavity Surrounds the spinal cord.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Lower Dorsal Cavity

Output: a.k.a. Spinal Cavity or Spinal/Vertebral Canal Surrounds the spinal cord.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Thoracic Cavity

Output: a.k.a. Upper Ventral Cavity Houses the heart, esophagus, and organs of the respiratory system -- the lungs, trachea, and bronchi

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Upper Ventral Cavity

Output: a.k.a. Thoracic Cavity Houses the heart, esophagus, and organs of the respiratory system -- the lungs, trachea, and bronchi

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Abdominopelvic Cavity

Output: a.k.a. Lower Ventral Cavity Houses the organs of the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Lower Ventral Cavity

Output: a.k.a. Abdominopelvic Cavity Houses the organs of the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Anterior

Output: a.k.a. Ventral Toward the front of the body

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Ventral

Output: a.k.a. Anterior Toward the front of the body

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Posterior

Output: a.k.a. Dorsal Toward the back of the body or "behind"

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Dorsal

Output: a.k.a. Posterior Toward the back of the body or "behind"

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Anteroposterior

Output: (AP) View going through the body from anterior to posterior. (AP view is used when describing x-ray reports)

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Medial

Output: Toward the midline of the body

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Lateral

Output: Away from the midline of the body.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Ipsilateral

Output: On the same side of the body.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Contralateral

Output: On the opposite side of the body.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Proximal

Output: Nearest to the trunk or point of origin.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Distal

Output: Farthest from the center of the body or point of origin.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Superior

Output: a.k.a. Cephalic directed toward or situated on or in or near the head.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Cranial

Output: Pertaining to or toward the skull.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Inferior

Output: Away from the head or toward the lower part of the body structure; opposite of superior

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Caudad

Output: Situated farther from the head in relation to a specific reference point; opposite of cranidad

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Cranidad

Output: Situated nearer to the head in relation to a specific reference point; opposite of caudad

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Caudal

Output: Pertaining to the tail

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Superficial

Output: a.k.a. External Pertaining to or nearer to the surface of the body

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] External

Output: a.k.a. Superficial Pertaining to or nearer to the surface of the body

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Deep

Output: a.k.a. Internal Closer to the center of the body

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Internal

Output: a.k.a. Deep Closer to the center of the body

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Palmar

Output: On or toward the palm of the hand

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Plantar

Output: On or toward the sole of the foot

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Dorsum

Output: The upper surface of an appendage or body part. Back, especially the entire dorsal surface of an animal.

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: [Anatomic Position] Cephalad

Output: Toward the head or upper part of a structure

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com

Standing upright, arms to sides, feet flat on the floor, face, palms, and toes forward.


Input: Individual Retirement Account that has tax advantages because income deposited into these accounts is not taxed until it is withdrawn at retirement and interest earned on the accounts is not taxed [Capital gains tax]

Output: IRA

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ONLY goods and services consumed are taxed [Capital gains tax]

Output: Consumption tax

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tax on a companies profits...a decrease would make companies invest more so they get taxed less from their incomes [Capital gains tax]

Output: Corporate profit tax

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: decrease taxes on a company's investments [Capital gains tax]

Output: investment tax credit

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: spending > tax revenues t-g<0 Gov. gets money by issuing bonds decreases household saving [Capital gains tax]

Output: Governments budget deficit

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tax revenues > spending t-g>0 gov. pays back bond holders increases household saving [Capital gains tax]

Output: Governments budget surplus

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an increase in this tax will shift to the left b/c households want to save less [Capital gains tax]

Output: How the capital gains tax shifts the supply curve

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: lessening the restrictions causes a shift to the right b/c households want to save [Capital gains tax]

Output: How IRA requirements shifts the supply curve

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: decreasing this tax will shift to the right b/c households want to save [Capital gains tax]

Output: how income tax rate shifts the supply curve

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: households have more income and only get taxed on what they consume so they want to save more which shifts to the right [Capital gains tax]

Output: the affect on supply curve of switching to only consumption tax

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: shifts to right b/c households have money paid back to them [Capital gains tax]

Output: How the governments budget surplus affects supply curve

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: shifts to left b/c households have less money from buying gov. bonds [Capital gains tax]

Output: how the governments budget deficit affects supply curve

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: decrease on profit tax shifts demand curve to right b/c firms want to invest (need to borrow) [Capital gains tax]

Output: how the corporate profit tax affects the demand curve

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: decrease on investment tax makes firms need to demand loans...shifts curve to right [Capital gains tax]

Output: how the investment tax credit affects the demand curve

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the government's needs to borrow takes away from firm's and household's money to invest [Capital gains tax]

Output: "crowding out"

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [humidity] absolute humidity [the moisture content of air]

Output: the mass of water vapor contained in a certain volume of air

Apologia Physical Science, Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [humidity] relative humidity [the moisture content of air]

Output: a quantity expressing humidity as a percentage of the maximum absolute humidity for that particular temperature

Apologia Physical Science, Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [humidity] greenhouse effect [the moisture content of air]

Output: the process by which certain gases (principally water, carbon dioxide, and methane) trap heat that would otherwise escape the earth and radiate into space

Apologia Physical Science, Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [humidity] parts per million (ppm) [the moisture content of air]

Output: the number of molecules (or atoms) of a substance in a mixture for every one million molecules (or atoms) in that mixture

Apologia Physical Science, Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [humidity] What is dry air made up of? [the moisture content of air]

Output: 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen

Apologia Physical Science, Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [humidity] What makes up the majority of the air we inhale and exhale? [the moisture content of air]

Output: nitrogen

Apologia Physical Science, Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [humidity] True or False: Global warming and the greenhouse effect are the same thing. [the moisture content of air]

Output: False

Apologia Physical Science, Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [humidity] global warming [the moisture content of air]

Output: when the concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases increase too much causing the earth to become too warm

Apologia Physical Science, Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [humidity] What pollutant gas is a deadly by-product of incomplete combustion? [the moisture content of air]

Output: carbon monoxide

Apologia Physical Science, Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Ability to grow and divide without outside inputs, Being insensitive to anti-growth signals, evade apoptosis, limitless reproductive capacity, sustain angiogenesis and ability to invade tissues.

Output: Name the six traits acquired by cancerous cells:

What test is used to identify the carcinogenicty of compounds and how does it work?


Input: Ras and Myc Ras - the most common oncogene mutation, found in 30% of human tumours. Its normal role is to transmit signals from growth receptors. When inactivated ras is bound to GDP, when active it exchanges GDP for GTP and can then activate downstream proteins. The activated state is temporary as ras has intrinsic GTPase activity which returns the protein to an inactive state. Mutant ras remains in an active state causing constant activation of downstream proteins, the cell acts as if it is receiving input instructing it to proliferate. Myc - Mutation in nuclear transcription factor, Myc is manufactured when the cell is stimulated by growth factors to divide, it to binds to DNA activating genes that cause persistent expression of Myc protein even in the absence of growth factors resulting in inappropriate proliferation.

Output: Name and describe two common oncogenes:

What test is used to identify the carcinogenicty of compounds and how does it work?


Input: TGF-beta recepors - TGF Beta is a molecule which stops the growth of cells - in some colon cancers a surface receptor for surface B due to inactivation of the gene coding for it - in a similar fashion some cancers discard the p15 gene which responds to TGF B by blocking the cells progress through the growth cycle.

Output: Name and describe two common suppressor genes:

What test is used to identify the carcinogenicty of compounds and how does it work?


Input: Mismatch Repair, Nucleotide Excision Repair, Recombination Repair (defects in any lead to much greater risk of genome damage and cancer)

Output: What are the three types of DNA repair?

What test is used to identify the carcinogenicty of compounds and how does it work?


Input: BRCA1 and BRCA2 - mutations in these genes predispose to early onset breast cancer.

Output: Name a cancer gene associated with a defect in DNA repair:

What test is used to identify the carcinogenicty of compounds and how does it work?


Input: p53 - is normally critical in triggering apoptosis of cell is damaged (works by inducing transcription of bax which accelerates cell death by opposing bcl-2, a gene which protects from apoptosis) . Inactivation of p53 can cause cells to evade apoptosis, as can excessive production of BCL2

Output: Name a cancer gene mutations in which are associated with avoidance of apoptosis:

What test is used to identify the carcinogenicty of compounds and how does it work?


Input: The angle formed between the normal to a surface and the reflected ray. This angle lies in a common plane with the angle of incidence, and is equal to it. [Angle of incidence]

Output: Angle of Reflection

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The angle formed between the reflected ray and the normal to the surface. This angle lies in a common plane with the angle of incidence. [Angle of incidence]

Output: Angle of Refraction

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An opening or hole through which radiation or mater may pass. Aperture stop – A physical restraint that limits the diameter of the bundle of light allowed to pass through a lens [Angle of incidence]

Output: Aperature

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Describing a lens or optical system with very little chromatic aberration. In an apochromatic lens (also known as an apochromat) the chromatic aberration is completely cancelled out at three or more wavelengths, compared with two for a typical achromatic lens. Apochromats usually have at least three optical elements, made from different types of glass [Angle of incidence]

Output: apochromatic

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A bundle of light rays [Angle of incidence]

Output: Beam

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An optical device for dividing a beam inot tow or more seperate beams [Angle of incidence]

Output: Beamsplitter

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An instrument having a pair of lenses, one for each eye that focuses on a single object as a magnifier [Angle of incidence]

Output: Binocular

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The lens aberration resuting from the normal increase in the refractive index of all common materials toward the blue end of the spectrum [Angle of incidence]

Output: Chromatic aberration

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: This is an adapter used with various types of video or digital cameras. The C-mount adapter drops into the trinocular port of the microscope and has lenses built into it. The C-mount adapter is microscope-specific, meaning that the brand of the microscope and the brand of the C-mount adapter should match - this is because each C-mount adapter is created specifically for a microscope in order to have the correct focal length for the camera. The C-mount adapter has threads on the end of it and connects directly to either a video or microscope digital camera. [Angle of incidence]

Output: C-mount

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A unit of measurement used to describe the degree of refractive error with respect to nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. [Angle of incidence]

Output: Diopter

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lens (or lens system) with which the eye observes the image formed by the microscope. The eyepiece provides a magnification, a diopter correction, and an eyecup setting. [Angle of incidence]

Output: Eyepiece

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sometimes abrreviated FOV, this is the diameter of the circle of light that you see when looking into the microscope. As the power increases, the field of view decreases. [Angle of incidence]

Output: Field of View

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When using a stereo or binocular microscope, there must be an adjustment for the distance between the viewers eyes. [Angle of incidence]

Output: Interpupilliary Adjustment

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An image formed in space by a lens [Angle of incidence]

Output: Intermediate Image

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: This is a focus issue. When changing from one viewing system or magnification to another, the new image should be either in focus or close enought so that you can refocus with only minor adjustments. Most microscopes are parfocal. [Angle of incidence]

Output: Parfocal

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The ability of a lens system to show fine details of the object being observed [Angle of incidence]

Output: Resolution

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A type of adapter used to mate still cameras (usually 35mm) to microscopes. These are often used with SLR cameras and are used in combination with an SLR adapter for a microscope. [Angle of incidence]

Output: T-mount

Optics Glossary of terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Name the six traits acquired by cancerous cells:

Output: Ability to grow and divide without outside inputs, Being insensitive to anti-growth signals, evade apoptosis, limitless reproductive capacity, sustain angiogenesis and ability to invade tissues.

Ames test - Salmonella is grown in abscence of histadine - needs high level of histadine as highly active histadine degrading enzymes - mutations in this enzyme allow salmonella to grow


Input: Name and describe two common oncogenes:

Output: Ras and Myc Ras - the most common oncogene mutation, found in 30% of human tumours. Its normal role is to transmit signals from growth receptors. When inactivated ras is bound to GDP, when active it exchanges GDP for GTP and can then activate downstream proteins. The activated state is temporary as ras has intrinsic GTPase activity which returns the protein to an inactive state. Mutant ras remains in an active state causing constant activation of downstream proteins, the cell acts as if it is receiving input instructing it to proliferate. Myc - Mutation in nuclear transcription factor, Myc is manufactured when the cell is stimulated by growth factors to divide, it to binds to DNA activating genes that cause persistent expression of Myc protein even in the absence of growth factors resulting in inappropriate proliferation.

Ames test - Salmonella is grown in abscence of histadine - needs high level of histadine as highly active histadine degrading enzymes - mutations in this enzyme allow salmonella to grow


Input: Name and describe two common suppressor genes:

Output: TGF-beta recepors - TGF Beta is a molecule which stops the growth of cells - in some colon cancers a surface receptor for surface B due to inactivation of the gene coding for it - in a similar fashion some cancers discard the p15 gene which responds to TGF B by blocking the cells progress through the growth cycle.

Ames test - Salmonella is grown in abscence of histadine - needs high level of histadine as highly active histadine degrading enzymes - mutations in this enzyme allow salmonella to grow


Input: What are the three types of DNA repair?

Output: Mismatch Repair, Nucleotide Excision Repair, Recombination Repair (defects in any lead to much greater risk of genome damage and cancer)

Ames test - Salmonella is grown in abscence of histadine - needs high level of histadine as highly active histadine degrading enzymes - mutations in this enzyme allow salmonella to grow


Input: Name a cancer gene associated with a defect in DNA repair:

Output: BRCA1 and BRCA2 - mutations in these genes predispose to early onset breast cancer.

Ames test - Salmonella is grown in abscence of histadine - needs high level of histadine as highly active histadine degrading enzymes - mutations in this enzyme allow salmonella to grow


Input: Name a cancer gene mutations in which are associated with avoidance of apoptosis:

Output: p53 - is normally critical in triggering apoptosis of cell is damaged (works by inducing transcription of bax which accelerates cell death by opposing bcl-2, a gene which protects from apoptosis) . Inactivation of p53 can cause cells to evade apoptosis, as can excessive production of BCL2

Ames test - Salmonella is grown in abscence of histadine - needs high level of histadine as highly active histadine degrading enzymes - mutations in this enzyme allow salmonella to grow


Input: [1] The who or what a paragraph is about is... [2]

Output: The topic

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Using the topic as a guide, the _________ focuses on the author’s slant or view that is expressed about the topic. The main idea, like the topic, must be fine tuned. It must be broad enough to include all the details presented in the passage but specific enough to reveal the author’s slant. [2]

Output: Main idea

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The ____________ should be expressed in one complete sentence and it should be inclusive of all the ideas included in the passage. [2]

Output: stated main idea

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] When the main idea is not directly stated in a passage, it is called an ______________. [2]

Output: unstated or implied main idea

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] __________ support, explain, and prove main ideas. [2]

Output: Major details

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ___________ support, explain, and prove major details. [2]

Output: Minor details

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A good __________ includes the topic, the main idea and the significant supporting details. [2]

Output: summary

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Paragraphs can list causes and effects, problems and solutions, or reasons and consequences. [2]

Output: Cause/Effect

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Divides a large group into smaller groups and states characteristics that are used to separate the groups. [2]

Output: Classification

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Writings emphasize the similarities and difference between two or more subjects. [2]

Output: Comparison/Contrast

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Writings that list the meaning for a word or phrase [2]

Output: Definition

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] States a main idea about a group of items, concepts, or people. The statement is often broadly stated. [2]

Output: Generalization and Example

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Writings contain a list of steps or stages in the order they occur or the order in which they should occur. [2]

Output: Process

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Writings list events or activities in the order in which they occur or occurred. Dates or times are often included. [2]

Output: Time Order

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Contains a list in no particular order. [2]

Output: Simple Listing

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Emphasize the location of items or characteristics. A mental picture of the place being described is often created. [2]

Output: Spatial Order

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Sometimes words in a sentence are defined for the reader. The definition may come first in a sentence, but many times it follows a word and is set off by commas, dashes, or parentheses. [2]

Output: Definition

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An author may decide that a reader will better understand the meaning of a sentence if he or she includes contrasting words. [2]

Output: Antonyms

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An author may decide that a reader will better understand the meaning of a sentence if he or she includes similar words. [2]

Output: Synonyms

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Many times you will have to read a passage that only hint at or implies what the author is trying to say. When faced with such reading passages, you must depend on your ability to understand the details in the passage so you can logically reason out the meanings of unfamiliar words. [2]

Output: General meaning of the passage

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The word “affix” refers to something that can be attached or fastened to something else. Many words in the English language have such attachments. [2]

Output: prefixes and suffixes

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What are the 3 major purposes of a author? [2]

Output: Inform, Persuade, and Entertain

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] exemplify ideas and refer to historical information in written sources. A statement that can be proven true or false. [2]

Output: Fact

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What one thinks, feels, or believes. A statement of feeling that cannot be proven right or wrong. [2]

Output: Opinion

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] a figure of speech which directly compares two unlike things without using the words “like” or “as”. [2]

Output: Metaphors

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] a figure of speech which directly compares two unlike things using the words “like” or “as”. [2]

Output: Similes

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A figure of speech that uses words to say one thing, but the writer really means the opposite of what is said. [2]

Output: Verbal Irony

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] a figure of speech that gives human characteristics to nonhuman objects [2]

Output: Personification

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A figure of speech that does not make sense literally, but because it has been used over the years it has taken on its own meaning. [2]

Output: Idioms

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] reflects how the author feels about what he or she has written. [2]

Output: Tone

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] represents a highly personal and unreasoned distortion of judgment. [2]

Output: Bias

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A discrepancy exists between the meaning of what the speaker says and what the situation indicates the speaker means by it. [2]

Output: Irony

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] is the opinion or judgment that each of us possesses [2]

Output: Point of view

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is an argument? [2]

Output: An argument is a piece of writing that makes an assertion and provides supporting evidence to support that assertion. Two types of arguments are common: inductive and deductive.

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] the author moves from specific details to a general conclusion. [2]

Output: Inductive Argument

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] the author begins with a general conclusion and moves to specifics. [2]

Output: Deductive Argument

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Identify the issue the author is arguing. [2]

Output: Basically, you will ask the same question as when you are trying to determine the main idea: "What is the author saying about the topic?" Signal words can also point you to the issue. Some signal words and phrases are "in summary," "consequently," "therefore," "for these reasons," "thus," "since," "it is clear that," etc.

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Identify the support for the argument. [2]

Output: This is the evidence the author provides, and it can be in the form of personal experience, examples, statistics, comparisons and analogies, and direct quotes.

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Evaluate the support. [2]

Output: Generally, for an argument to be regarded seriously, the writer needs to back it up with facts, expert opinions, statistics, and other forms of reasonable evidence.

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Evaluate the argument. [2]

Output: What is your overall evaluation of the argument? Is it convincing? Is the argument inductive or deductive?

Critical Reading Strategies Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pathology [2]

Output: study of disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] etiology [2]

Output: stody of the cause of a disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pathogenesis [2]

Output: development of disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] infection [2]

Output: colonization of the body by pathogens

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] disease [2]

Output: an abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] transient microbiota [2]

Output: may be present for days weeks or months

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] normal microbiota [2]

Output: permanently colonize the host

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] normal microbiota located [2]

Output: nose throat eyes mouth skin LGI urinary and reproductive sys

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] normal microbiota protect host by [2]

Output: occupy niches that pathogens might occupy producing acids producing bacteriocins

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] microbial antagonism [2]

Output: is a competition b/w microbes

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] probiotic [2]

Output: live microbes applied to or ingested into body, intended to exert a beneficial effect

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] symbiosis [2]

Output: relationship b/w normal microbiota and host

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] commensalism [2]

Output: one organism benefits, other is unaffected

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] mutualism [2]

Output: both organisms benefit

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] parasitism [2]

Output: one organism benefits at the expense of the other

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] opportunistic pathogen [2]

Output: ordinarily do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person but may do so in a different environment

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] koch's postulates [2]

Output: used to prove cause of infectious disease 1. same pathogen present in every case 2. isolated and grown in pure culture 3. cause disease when inoculated into healthy animal 4. pathogen isolated from incoulated animal and shown to be original pathogen

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Koch's exceptions [2]

Output: HIV virus uncurable pathogens ethical considerations diseases caused by 1+ pathogen pathogens ignored as potential causes of disease pathogens that cause disease in humans only pathogens that cause several disease conditions

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] symptom [2]

Output: chang ein body function that is felt by pt as a result of disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sign [2]

Output: change in body that can be measured or observed as result of disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] syndrome [2]

Output: specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] communicable disease [2]

Output: disease that is spread from one host to another

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] contagious disease [2]

Output: disease that is easily spread from one host to another

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] non-communicable disease [2]

Output: disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] incidence [2]

Output: fraction of population that contracts a disease during a specific time

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] prevalence [2]

Output: fraction of population having a specific disease at a given time

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sporadic disease [2]

Output: disease that occurs occasionally in a population

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] endemic disease [2]

Output: disease constantly present in a population

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] epidemic disease [2]

Output: disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pandemic disease [2]

Output: worldwide epidemic

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] herd immunity [2]

Output: immunity in most of a population

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] acute disease [2]

Output: symptoms develop rapidly

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] chronic disease [2]

Output: disease develops slowly

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sub-acute disease [2]

Output: symptoms b/w acute and chronic

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] latent disease [2]

Output: disease w periods of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] local infection [2]

Output: pathogens are limited to small area of body

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] systemic infection [2]

Output: infection throughout the body

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] focal infection [2]

Output: systemic infection that began as a local infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sepsis [2]

Output: toxic infammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins from focus of infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] bacteremia [2]

Output: bacteria in blood

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] septicemia [2]

Output: growth of bacteria in blood

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] toxemia [2]

Output: toxins in blood

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] viremia [2]

Output: viruses in blood

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] primary infection [2]

Output: acute infection that cuses initial illness

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] secondary infection [2]

Output: opportunistic infection after a primary infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] subclinical disease [2]

Output: no noticable signs or symptoms

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] predisposing factors to disease [2]

Output: short urethra in females inherited traits climate/weather fatigue age lifestyle chemotherapy stress occupation

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] stages of disease [2]

Output: incubation period prodromal period period of illness period of decline period of convalescence

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] incubation period [2]

Output: period b/w initial infection and first appearance of signs or symptoms

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] prodromal period [2]

Output: early mild symptoms of some illnesses ache and malaise

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] period of illness [2]

Output: disease most severe overt signs/symptoms wbc count low/high pt dies if not overcome

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] period of decline [2]

Output: signs and symptoms subside vulnerable to secondary infections

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] period of convalescence [2]

Output: regain strength and return to pre-disease state can spread disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] reservoir of infection [2]

Output: animal human carrier non-living

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] transmission of disease [2]

Output: contact vehicle vector

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] contact [2]

Output: spread of agent of disease by direct, indirect or droplet transmission

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] direct contact [2]

Output: requires close association b/w infected and susceptible host hard to determine

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] indirect contact [2]

Output: spread by fomites, tissues, towels, equipment

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] droplet [2]

Output: airborne droplets travel short distances

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] vehicle [2]

Output: transmission of disease agent via inanimate water, food, air, blood, fluid

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] vector [2]

Output: animals that cary pathogens from one host to another arthropods most common: fleas, ticks, mosquitoes

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] mechanical transmission by vector [2]

Output: arthropod carries pathogen on feet passive

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] biological transmission [2]

Output: pathogen reproduces in vector active process: bites infected animal and ingests blood pathogen reproduced in vector increase # defecate while biting host & parasite enters wound

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nosocomial infection [2]

Output: acquired at hospital 5-15% pts

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] direct contact nosocomial infection [2]

Output: hospital staff - patient patient - patient

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] indirect contact nosocomial infection [2]

Output: ventilation sys fomites

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] portals of entry [2]

Output: skin, mucous membranes, placenta, parenteral route (break in skin/puncture)

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] morbidity [2]

Output: incidence of specific notifiable disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] mortality [2]

Output: death from notifiable disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] morbidity rate [2]

Output: number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given period of time

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] mortality rate [2]

Output: number of deaths from disease in relation to the population in a given time

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] compromised host [2]

Output: one whose resistance to infection is impaired by disease, therapy or burns, broken skin or syppressed immune system

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] movement of pathogen out of host [2]

Output: ear wax blood flakes of skin feces semen /lubricating secretions tears snot saliva, sputum breast milk, secretions vaginal secretions and blood urine

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: State the purpose of a Blade Inspection Method (BIM) indicator.

Output: a. In the leading edge of the blade is a spar that runs the length of the blade. The spar contains nitrogen and if there is a leak in the spar the BIM will change to 3 black lines. b. The BIM under proper conditions is all white.

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: State the purpose of conducting Flight Control system rigging.

Output: To bring flight control perimeters into straight level flight, as set by the factory.

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: State the purpose of a tactical paint scheme.

Output: The paint design is for each A/C type to reduce visual detection by matching reflection of operational surroundings.

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: State the two methods of locking and unlocking tail wheel lock pin.

Output: a. Manually b. Electrically

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: State the factors that affect helicopter flight.

Output: a. Lift: Counter acts the force of weight causing the helo to rise. b. Weight: Force of gravity pulling helo downward. c. Drag: Friction of air pushing on the helo. d. Thrust: Counter acts the force of drag causing helo to go forward.

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: State the factors that affect rotor blade lift.

Output: Increasing the pitch of the main blades creating a high-pressure area on the lower side of the blade and a low-pressure area on the upper side of the blade, this creates lift. Lift must be greater or equal to weight if lift is to be sustained.

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: State the location and purpose of the main rotor head dampers.

Output: a. Between each spindle and hub. b. Purpose to reduce the lead and lag of the main rotor blades and absorb main rotor head start load.

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: Explain how the following flight controls affect helo flight.

Output: a. Collective stick- change pitch of main rotor blade. Increase or decrease lift b. Cyclic stick- changes the angle of the rotor disk. Controls forward aft and lateral movement c. Rudder pedals- changes pitch of tail rotor blades. Controls helo heading

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: State what must be done for effective helo corrosion prevention.

Output: A/C must be washed every 7 days at sea and every 14 days on shore.

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: State the two areas on the helo, which must have particular attention during a corrosion inspection.

Output: a. Gear boxes. b. Avionics.

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: State the approved cleaning materials and methods.

Output: a. A/C cleaning compound Mil-C-85570 type 1 or II. b. Mixing procedures for heavy dirt is 1 part-cleaning compound to 1 part water. c. Mixing procedures for light dirt 1 part-cleaning compound to 9 parts water. d. Clean A/C from bottom to top.

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: State the purpose for emergency reclamation procedures.

Output: To salvage salvageable components, and to remove them by their priority.

EAWS 104 AIRFRAME FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards - Cram.com

To ensure the cleanliness and purity in the hydraulic system.


Input: [1] food [2]

Output: medically any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and grow


Input: [1] nutrition [2]

Output: the study of nutrients in foods and in the body; sometimes includes the study of human behaviors related to food


Input: [1] diet [2]

Output: the foods (and beverages) a person typically eats and drinks


Input: [1] nutrients [2]

Output: parts of food that the body needs to function and can't make on its own. (H2O, carbs, fat, proteins, vitamins and minerals)


Input: [1] Malnutrition [2]

Output: any condition that causes excess or deficiency of food energy or nutrients (undernutrition, nutrient/energy excess=overnutrition)


Input: [1] chronic diseases [2]

Output: long-duration degenerative diseases which lead to deterioration of body organs (heart disease, cancer, diabetes)


Input: [1] genome [2]

Output: the complete genetic information in the chromosomes


Input: [1] Nutritional genomics [2]

Output: The science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activity of nutrients


Input: [1] Energy [2]

Output: the capacity to do work (food=chemical energy and is measured in calories)


Input: [1] Organic [2]

Output: contains carbons (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamins are organic compounds)


Input: [1] energy-yielding nutrients [2]

Output: nutrients the body can use for energy and can be used to supply building blocks for the body structures


Input: [1] essential nutrients [2]

Output: the nutrients the body can't make for itself (or can't make enough of) must be obtained from food


Input: [1] calories [2]

Output: units of energy (amount of heat energy necessary to raise the temp of a kilogram/liter of water 1 degree celsius)


Input: [1] gram [2]

Output: same weight as a cubic centimeter (cc)


Input: [1] dietary supplements [2]

Output: pills, liquids, or powders that contain purified nutrients


Input: [1] elemental diets [2]

Output: Diets composed of purified ingredients of known chemical composition (supposed to supply all essential nutrients to people who cannot eat foods)


Input: [1] nonnutrients [2]

Output: compounds other than the six nutrients present in foods and have some effect on the body (ex: phytochemicals)


Input: [1] phytochemicals [2]

Output: nonnutrient compounds in plant-derived foods (found mostly in tomatoes and carrots)


Input: [1] adequacy [2]

Output: getting all the essential nutrients, fiber, and energy in the right amounts to maintain health and body weight


Input: [1] balance [2]

Output: eating foods of a number of types in proportion to each other so that the nutrients of the food you eat regularly don't take away from the nutrients you could be getting in other foods


Input: [1] calorie control [2]

Output: control of energy intake


Input: [1] moderation [2]

Output: getting enough food within your set of limits and not in excess


Input: [1] variety [2]

Output: providing a wide selection of foods in your diet


Input: [1] legumes [2]

Output: beans, peas, and lentils (inexpensive sources of protein, vitamins, minerals, and fiber that contribute little fat to the diet)


Input: [1] foodways [2]

Output: the sum of a culture's habits, customs, belies, and preferences concerning food


Input: [1] ethnic foods [2]

Output: foods associated with particular cultural subgroups within a population


Input: [1] omnivores [2]

Output: people who eat meat and plants


Input: [1] vegetarians [2]

Output: people who do not eat animal flesh and possible other animal products (milk, cheese, eggs, etc)


Input: [1] relapse [2]

Output: times of falling back into former habits, a normal and expected part of behavior change


Input: [1] self-efficacy [2]

Output: The belief in one's ability to take action and successfully perform a specific behavior


Input: [1] Locus of control [2]

Output: The assigned source of responsibility for one's life events; an internal locus of control identifies the individual's behaviors as the driving force, while an external locus of control blames chance, fate, or someother external factor


Input: [1] Diertary Reference Intakes (DRI) [2]

Output: A set of four lists of values for mearsuring nutrient intakes of healthy residents in the US and Canada. Includes the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), Adequate Intakes (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)


Input: [1] Daily values [2]

Output: values of nutrients found of food labels and based on the recommended 2,000 calorie diet. They help you compare the nutrients and energy contents of packaged foods


Input: [1] balance study [2]

Output: lab study where a person is fed a controlled diet and the intake and excretion of nutrients are measured (only valid for nutrients like calcium b/c it doesn't change while in the body)


Input: [1] requirement [2]

Output: amount of a nutrient that will just prevent the development of specific deficiency signs (you find these specifications under the DRI recommended intake value)


Input: [1] estimated energy requirement (EER) [2]

Output: average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of a certian age, gender, weight, height, and elvel of physical activity consistent with good health


Input: [1] food group plan [2]

Output: diet-planning tool that sorts foods into gropus based on their nutrient content and specifies how much of each group (by servings) people should eat of them


Input: [1] exchange system [2]

Output: diet-planning tool that organizes foods with respect to their nutrient context and calories


Input: [1] discretionary calorie allowance [2]

Output: the balance of calories remaining in a person's energy allowance after accounting for the number of calories needed to meet recommended nutrient intakes


Input: [1] cells [2]

Output: smallest units of independent life (all living things are single celled or are organisms made up of single cells)


Input: [1] enzyme [2]

Output: working proteisn that speed up a chemical reaction


Input: [1] fat cells [2]

Output: cells that sepcialize in the storage of fat and form fat tissue


Input: [1] inborn error of metabolism [2]

Output: genetic variation present from birth that may result in disease


Input: [1] phenylketonuria (PKU) [2]

Output: inborn error of metabolism that interferes with the body's handling of hte amino acid phenylalanine, with potentially serious consequences tot he brain and nervous system in infancy and childhood


Input: [1] Tissues [2]

Output: systems of cells working together to perform specialized tasks. Examples are muscles, nerves, blood and bone


Input: [1] Fight or Flight Reaction [2]

Output: the body's instinctive hormone and nerve-mediated reaction to danger. Also know as the stress response


Input: [1] Hypothalamus [2]

Output: a part of the brain that senses a variety of conditions in the blood.


Input: [1] Cortex [2]

Output: the outermost layer of something. The brain's cortex is the part of the brain where the conscious thought takes place.


Input: [1] Glucagon [2]

Output: a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream


Input: [1] Insulin [2]

Output: a hormone from the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells from the blood


Input: [1] Pancreas [2]

Output: an organ with two main functions. One is the making of hormones such as insulin and the other is the making of digestive enzymes


Input: [1] Hormones [2]

Output: chemicals that are secreted by glands into the blood in response to the conditions in the body that require regulation.


Input: [1] Kidneys [2]

Output: a pair of organs that filter wastes from the blood, make urine, and release it to the bladder for excretion from the body


Input: [1] Liver [2]

Output: a large, lobed organ that lies just under the ribs. It filters the blood, removes and processes nutrients, manufactures materials for export to the other parts of the body, and destroys toxins or stores them to keep them out of the circulatory system.


Input: [1] Intestine [2]

Output: the body's long, tubular organ of digestion and the site of nutrient absorbtion


Input: [1] Lungs [2]

Output: the body's organs of gas exchange. Blood circulating through the lungs releases its carbon dioxide and picks up fresh oxygen to carry to the tissues.


Input: [1] Intracellular Fluid [2]

Output: fluid residing inside the cells that provides the medium for celluar reactions.


Input: [1] Extracelluar Fluid [2]

Output: fluid residing ouside the cells that transports materials to and from the cells


Input: [1] Plasma [2]

Output: the cell-free fluid part of blood and lymph


Input: [1] Capillaries [2]

Output: minute, weblike blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and permit transfer of materials between blood and tissues


Input: [1] Veins [2]

Output: blood vessels that carry blood with the carbon dioxide it has collected from the tissues back to the heart


Input: [1] Arteries [2]

Output: blood vessels that carry blood containing fresh oxygen supplies from the heart to the tissues


Input: [1] Lymph [2]

Output: the fluid that moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces and then travels in its own vessels, which eventually drain back into the bloodstream


Input: [1] Blood [2]

Output: the fluid of the cardiovascular system; composed of water, red and white blood cells, other formed particles, nutrients, oxygen, and other constituents.


Input: [1] Body System [2]

Output: a group of related organs that work together to perform a function.


Input: [1] Organs [2]

Output: discrete structural units made of tissues that perform specific jobs.


Input: [1] Neurotransmitters [2]

Output: chemicals that are released at the end of a nerve cell when a nerve impulse arrives there. They diffuse across the gap to the next cell and alter the membrane of that second cell to either inhibit or excite it.


Input: [1] Epinephrine [2]

Output: the major hormone that elicits the stress response


Input: [1] Norepinephrine [2]

Output: a compound related to epinephrine that helps to elicit the stress response


Input: [1] Metabolism [2]

Output: the sum of all physical and chemical changes taking place in living cells; includes all reactions by which the body obtains and spends the energy from food


Input: [1] Microbes [2]

Output: bacteria, viruses, or other organisms, invisible to the naked eye, some of which cause diseases. Also called microorganisms


Input: [1] Antigen [2]

Output: a microbe or substance that is foreign to the body


Input: [1] Immune System [2]

Output: a system of tissues and organs that defend the body against antigens, foreign materials that have penetrated the skin or body linings


Input: [1] Lymphocytes [2]

Output: white blood cells that participate in the immune response; B-cells and T-cells


Input: [1] Phagocytes [2]

Output: white blood cells that can ingenst and destroy antigens.


Input: [1] T-cells [2]

Output: lymphocytes that attack antigens. T stands for the thymus gland of the neck, where the T-cells are stored and matured


Input: [1] B-cells [2]

Output: lymphocytes that produce antibodies. B stands for bursa, an organ in the chicken where B-cells were first identified


Input: [1] Antibodies [2]

Output: proteins, made by cells of the immune system, that are expressly designed to combine with and inactivate specific antigens


Input: [1] Digestive System [2]

Output: the body system composed of organs that break down complex food particles into smaller, absorbable products


Input: [1] Carbohydrates [2]

Output: compounds composed of single or multiple sugars. The name means "carbon and water," and a chemical shorthand for carbohydrate is CHO, signifying carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).


Input: [1] Complex carbohydrates [2]

Output: long chains osf sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber: also called polysaccharides.


Input: [1] Simple carbohydrates [2]

Output: sugars, including both single sugar units and linked pairs os sugar units. The basic sugar unit is a molecule containing six carbon atoms, together with oxygen and hydrogen atoms.


Input: [1] Photosynthesis [2]

Output: the process by which green plants make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water using the green pigment chlorophyll to capture the sun's energy.


Input: [1] Chlorophyll [2]

Output: the green pigment of plants that captures energy from sunlight for use in photosynthesis.


Input: [1] Sugars [2]

Output: simple carbohydrates; that is, molecules of either single sugar units or pairs of those sugar units bonded together. By common usage, sugar most often refers to sucrose.


Input: Lying on back, face and palms up. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Supine

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Input: a.k.a. lithotomy position Suppine with patient's buttocks at the end of the operating table, hips and knees up and apart and feet strapped in supports. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Dorsal Lithotomy Position

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Input: Suppine with knees bent, hips rotated outward, and feet flat [Anatomic Position]

Output: Dorsal Recumbent Position

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Input: Supine with only the upper torso exposed [Anatomic Position]

Output: Laparotomy Position

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Input: Laparotomy position with the patient inclined 45 degrees so that the pelvis is higher than the head. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Trendelenburg Position

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Input: cranial (upper dorsal) spinal (lower dorsal) throacic (upper ventral) abdominopelvic (lower ventral) [Anatomic Position]

Output: Four Main Body Cavities

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Input: a.k.a. Upper Dorsal Cavity Houses the brain (and pituitary gland) [Anatomic Position]

Output: Cranial Cavity

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Input: a.k.a. Cranial Cavity Encases the brain [Anatomic Position]

Output: Upper Dorsal Cavity

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Input: a.k.a. Lower Dorsal Cavity Surrounds the spinal cord. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Spinal Cavity

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Input: a.k.a. Spinal Cavity or Spinal/Vertebral Canal Surrounds the spinal cord. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Lower Dorsal Cavity

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Input: a.k.a. Upper Ventral Cavity Houses the heart, esophagus, and organs of the respiratory system -- the lungs, trachea, and bronchi [Anatomic Position]

Output: Thoracic Cavity

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Input: a.k.a. Thoracic Cavity Houses the heart, esophagus, and organs of the respiratory system -- the lungs, trachea, and bronchi [Anatomic Position]

Output: Upper Ventral Cavity

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Input: a.k.a. Lower Ventral Cavity Houses the organs of the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems [Anatomic Position]

Output: Abdominopelvic Cavity

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Input: a.k.a. Abdominopelvic Cavity Houses the organs of the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems [Anatomic Position]

Output: Lower Ventral Cavity

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Input: a.k.a. Ventral Toward the front of the body [Anatomic Position]

Output: Anterior

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Input: a.k.a. Anterior Toward the front of the body [Anatomic Position]

Output: Ventral

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Input: a.k.a. Dorsal Toward the back of the body or "behind" [Anatomic Position]

Output: Posterior

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Input: a.k.a. Posterior Toward the back of the body or "behind" [Anatomic Position]

Output: Dorsal

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Input: (AP) View going through the body from anterior to posterior. (AP view is used when describing x-ray reports) [Anatomic Position]

Output: Anteroposterior

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Input: Toward the midline of the body [Anatomic Position]

Output: Medial

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Away from the midline of the body. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Lateral

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Input: On the same side of the body. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Ipsilateral

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Input: On the opposite side of the body. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Contralateral

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Input: Nearest to the trunk or point of origin. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Proximal

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Input: Farthest from the center of the body or point of origin. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Distal

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Input: a.k.a. Cephalic directed toward or situated on or in or near the head. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Superior

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Input: Pertaining to or toward the skull. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Cranial

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Input: Away from the head or toward the lower part of the body structure; opposite of superior [Anatomic Position]

Output: Inferior

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Input: Situated farther from the head in relation to a specific reference point; opposite of cranidad [Anatomic Position]

Output: Caudad

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Input: Situated nearer to the head in relation to a specific reference point; opposite of caudad [Anatomic Position]

Output: Cranidad

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Input: Pertaining to the tail [Anatomic Position]

Output: Caudal

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Input: a.k.a. External Pertaining to or nearer to the surface of the body [Anatomic Position]

Output: Superficial

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Input: a.k.a. Superficial Pertaining to or nearer to the surface of the body [Anatomic Position]

Output: External

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Input: a.k.a. Internal Closer to the center of the body [Anatomic Position]

Output: Deep

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Input: a.k.a. Deep Closer to the center of the body [Anatomic Position]

Output: Internal

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Input: On or toward the palm of the hand [Anatomic Position]

Output: Palmar

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Input: On or toward the sole of the foot [Anatomic Position]

Output: Plantar

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Input: The upper surface of an appendage or body part. Back, especially the entire dorsal surface of an animal. [Anatomic Position]

Output: Dorsum

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Input: Toward the head or upper part of a structure [Anatomic Position]

Output: Cephalad

Medical Terminology -- Body Positions, Regions, and Cavities Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the essential portion of a sulfa drug?

Output: free para amino group

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: In general, what do sulfa drugs do to bugs?

Output: these are bacteriostatic and inhibit growth of bacteria

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: How do you make sulfa drugs bacteriocidal?

Output: high concentrations

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What structure do sulfamides mimic?

Output: PABA- which is required for synthesis* of bacterial folic acid

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What enzyme does sulfamethoxazole inhibit?

Output: Dihydropteroate synthase, this happens by competing with PABA

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What enzyme does trimethoprim inhibit?

Output: dihydrofolate reductase

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What bugs do sulfa drugs typically affect?

Output: G+ and G-

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What individual bugs are very susceptible to sulfas?

Output: E coli, Nocardia, Actinomyceate, Staph A, MRSA, Chlamydia< Toxoplasma gondii

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What diseases are sulfas used to treat (5)

Output: UTI's Nocardia DOC toxoplasmosis trachoma Pneumocystis carnii

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What is Sulfasalazine?

Output: this is a prodrug* used to treat UC

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What is sulfasalazine made up of?

Output: this is a combination of sulfapryidine, and 5-aminosalicyclic acid (mesalalmine)

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What is the ONLY topical sulfa drug?

Output: Silver Sulfadiazine

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: Can you use sulfas topically in general?

Output: No you should not, they cause sensitization and allergic responses

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: How are sulfa drugs metabolized and excreted?

Output: these are acetylated in the liver, and excreted by the kidney

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What is dangerous about the metabolism of sulfa drugs?

Output: these can cause crystalluria- due to the insolubility of acetylated sulfonamides

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What is the drug interaction danger with sulfa drugs?

Output: these do protein binding and may displace other things

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What are the dangers of sulfa drugs while pregnant?

Output: kernicterus in the nursing infant

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What are the many toxicities of sulfa drugs?

Output: Allergy Blood dyscraisa Kidney/Liver Damage Peripheral nerve damage Stevens Johnson Syndrome Microscopic hematuria

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: Who should not get sulfa drugs?

Output: infants less than 2 months of age

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What makes of Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim)

Output: This is TMP-SMX in a fixed ratio of 1:5

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What bugs are Co-Trimoxazole very effective against?

Output: P Jiroveci pneumonia Urinary tract infections prostatitis

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What is TMP-SMX the drug of choice in treating*?

Output: uncomplicated UTI's Moraxella catarrhalis infections

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What is Sulfadiazine combined with to treat toxoplasmosis?

Output: pyrimethamine

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What complication is Sulfadiazine likely to cause?

Output: crystalluria

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What is trimethoprim used to treat?

Output: recurrent urinary tract infections

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What bugs is trimethoprim effective against?

Output: both G+ and G-

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affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: Who should NOT get trimethoprim?

Output: this is teratogenic, and should not be used during pregnancy (because this inhibits dihydrofolate reducatase0

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What is Silver Sulfadiazine?

Output: this is a topical antiinfective agent to treat second and third degree burns

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: How does silver sulfasiazine prevent infections?

Output: this does NOT affect folic acid synthesis- rather it damages cell walls/ membranes

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What is Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine?

Output: this was malaria prophylaxis, but is no longer recommended**

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: What does pyrimethamine do?

Output: this inhibits parasite dihydrofolate reductase

Pharmacology Spring L5 Sulfonamides Flashcards - Cram.com

affects rate of absorption excretion and solubility in the urine


Input: [Advertising] Behavioral segmentation

Output: Dividing markets by identifying common responses to products and product features.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Demographic segmentation

Output: Dividing markets by characteristics people have in common.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Geographic segmentation

Output: Dividing markets by where customers are located.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Market

Output: The group of potential customers who have similar needs and wants, sufficient buying power, and the willingness to give up a portion of that buying power in order to buy a product or service.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Marketing

Output: The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. (American Management Association definition)

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Marketing concept

Output: The philosophy that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired products/services more effectively and efficiently than competitors do.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Marketing Mix

Output: The combination of the four strategies for product/service, price, place and promotion – the 4 Ps of marketing.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Market position

Output: The perceived standing of a business or a product in the minds of its customers as compared to the competition.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Market potential

Output: : The total amount of revenue that can potentially be generated in a specific industry or market.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Market segmentation

Output: Dividing the total market into smaller, well-defined groups with similar wants and needs and similar key characteristics.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Market share

Output: The percentage of the total sales revenue captured by a firm within a market or industry.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Personal selling

Output: Communication between a salesperson and a customer (or customers) intended to influence the customer’s buying decision

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Psychographic segmentation

Output: Dividing markets by identifying common interests, attitudes, values, lifestyle, or personality traits among the individuals that constitute that market.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Public relations

Output: Activities designed to create a favorable image for the business, its products, or its policies.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Publicity

Output: Information about a business or its products distributed through various media at no cost to the business and often not controlled by the business.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Sales promotion

Output: All promotional activities other than advertising, personal selling, publicity, and public relations designed to stimulate sales and sales effectiveness.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Target market

Output: The group or groups of potential customers who have been identified as those most likely to patronize the business and/or buy the product

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Target marketing

Output: Identifying market segments with the greatest potential for sales and focusing marketing decisions on satisfying the individuals that make up these segments.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Advertising] Warranty

Output: Assurance by the seller that the product is as it is represented to be or that it will be as it is promised to be.

A non-personal promotional message paid for by an identified sponsor utilizing media such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and direct mail.


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Ventral Cavity

Output: Includes the orbits and the nasal, oral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Epithelial Cells

Output: Cells that cover, line, and protect the body and its internal organs

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Connective Tissue

Output: Tissue that provides the body framework, support, and structure for the organs

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Nerve Tissue

Output: Tissue that is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells, commonly referred as neuroglia.

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Muscle Tissue

Output: Tissue that is classified as voluntary muscle (skeletal) or involuntary muscle (smooth and cardiac muscles tissues)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Nucleus

Output: Contains the DNA within the chromosomes. It contains materials for regeneration and instructions for its function

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Ribosomes

Output: Organelles that read RNA produced by DNA and translate genetic instructions to produce PROTEIN.

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Endoplasmic Reticulum

Output: Membranous organelle attached to the nuclear membrane and consists of ROUGH and SMOOTH areas.

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Rough E.R.

Output: It is responsible for protein synthesis and membrane production. (CONTAINS several ribosomes)

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Smooth E.R.

Output: It functions in detoxification and metabolism of multiple molecules. (LACKS ribosomes)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Golgi Apparatus

Output: Its the packaging, processing, and shipping organelle. It transports materials from the E.R. throughout the cell

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Lysosomes

Output: Intracellular digestion. Its packed with hydrolytic enzymes and can hydrolyze protiens, fats, sugars, and nucleic acids

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Vacuoles

Output: It has many roles. Assists with phagocytosis, by creating a food vacuole

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Mitochondria

Output: Produces cell energy (POWERHOUSE)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Cellular Membrane

Output: Most important component, it contributes to protection, communication, and passage of substance into and out

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Cellular Membrane Makeup

Output: Consists of bilayer of phospholipids with proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins peppered throughout

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] CELL Proteins

Output: Proteins include enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the body

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Mitosis

Output: Necessary for growth and repair. The DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly into two daughter cells

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Meiosis

Output: Cell division occurs in gonads area. It reduces its chromosome number from 46 to 23.

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Mucous Membrane

Output: Produces sticky and thick fluid called mucous (nasal, oral, intestinal, gastric, esophageal)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Serous Membrane

Output: Smooth and thin layer of cells that produces lubricating fluid to reduce friction from muscle movement

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Synovial Membrane

Output: Tissue that lines on non-cartilage surfaces to provide separation and ease of movement between joints

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Cutaneous

Output: Skin composed of two layers, the epidermis and the dermis

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Sudoriferous Gland

Output: Produces sweat

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Sebaceous Gland

Output: Produces oil/waxy matter

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Ceruminous Gland

Output: Produces earwax or cerumen

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Cartilage

Output: Replaced by bone in embryonic development and is found mainly in joints, thorax, and various rigid tubes

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] Skin

Output: The largest organ in the body

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] SKIN Epidermis

Output: the outer-most protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] SKIN Dermis

Output: The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin structures

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] SKIN Epidermal Structure

Output: Layers from out to in are Stratum corneum, licidum, granulosum, and inner-most germinativum. Epidermal cells produce melanin

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] SKIN Dermal Sweat Glands

Output: Contains two types of sweat glands, eccrine (regulate body temperature) and apocrine secretions (armpit and groin)

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] SKIN Dermal Sebaceous Glands

Output: Sebum is the oily release to the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] SKIN Appendages

Output: Hair and nails that are composed of a strong protein called keratin.

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] What does the body framework consist of?

Output: Bone, cartilage, and ligaments, plus the joints between the bones.

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Output: Support, permission of movement, hemopoiesis, protection of internal organs, detoxification, provision for muscle attachment, calcium and phosphorus storage (mainly).

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Classification of bones

Output: Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones

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Includes the cranial and spinal cavities