Input: price elasticity [utility]

Output: we order our bills by


Input: the maximum amount of output attainable from alternative combos of factor inputs ex. Factors of production [utility]

Output: production function


Input: output per unit of input. just a number [utility]

Output: productivity


Input: maximum output of a good from the resources used in production [utility]

Output: efficiency


Input: no waste [utility]

Output: golden rule of output


Input: efficient [utility]

Output: just bc productivity is up, doesn't mean it is .....


Input: the change is total output associated with one additional input (labor and capital) [utility]

Output: marginal physical product (MPP)


Input: to a factor of production occur when marginal product of the factor is rising as more of it is used [utility]

Output: increasing marginal returns


Input: occur when additional units of a variable factor of production reduce total output (annoying people/ screwing off) [utility]

Output: negative marginal returns


Input: the marginal physical product of a a variable input declines as more of it is employed [utility]

Output: the law of diminishing marginal returns


Input: costs of productions that do not change when the rate of output is altered ex. rent, lease, mortgage [utility]

Output: fixed costs


Input: costs of production that dont change when the rate of output is altered [utility]

Output: variable costs


Input: fixed cost + variable cost FC+VC= TR [utility]

Output: total costs


Input: fixed costs / output [utility]

Output: avg fixed costs (AFC)


Input: variable cost / output [utility]

Output: avg variable cost (AVC)


Input: total cost / output (makes a "U" shape on the P vs QD graph) [utility]

Output: avg total cost (ATC)


Input: the increase in total costs when an additional unit of output is produced (change in total cost / change in output) [utility]

Output: Marginal cost (MC)


Input: avg total cost and marginal cost [utility]

Output: Costs will be the lowest to produce when what two curves intersect?


Input: value of all resources used to produce a good or service and opportunity cost (explicit and implicit costs) [utility]

Output: economic cost


Input: implicit costs, dollar amount included. [utility]

Output: accounting cost


Input: the difference bw firms TR and total accounting costs TR-TC=total profit [utility]

Output: profit


Input: planning period during which some factors of prod are fixed in quantity and cannot be changed [utility]

Output: short run


Input: planning period during which all factors of prod. are variable [utility]

Output: long run


Input: longer short vs. quicker short run [utility]

Output: capital intensive vs labor intensive


Input: how costs will be affected by the size of the plant and equipment [utility]

Output: return to scale


Input: increase plant size, decrease cost per unit [utility]

Output: increased return to scale


Input: increases in plant size do not affect minimum cost per unit [utility]

Output: constant return to scale


Input: increase in plantn size, increase cost per unit [utility]

Output: diseconomies (decreasing) returns to scale


Input: accounting profit + implicit costs [utility]

Output: economic profits=TR-total eco costs


Input: zero economic profit (covers salaries, dividends, market profit) [utility]

Output: normal profit =


Input: the number and size of firms in an industry [utility]

Output: types of market structures


Input: large number of firms and buyer market which no buyer or seller has market power compete with price [utility]

Output: perfect competition


Input: a market that has many firms producing similar products but each has some independent control of its price compete for image [utility]

Output: monopolistic competition


Input: a market where a few firms produce all or most of the market supply of a particular good or service, influences rivals choices compete for market share [utility]

Output: oligopoly


Input: a market that consists of two firms [utility]

Output: duopoly


Input: a firm that produces the entire supply of a particular good or service [utility]

Output: monopoly


Input: price of inputs technology expectations taxes # of firms [utility]

Output: market supply decisions


Input: a large number of buyers and sellers perfect information identical products MC = Profit esae of entry and ext - low barriers to entry zero economic profit in long run [utility]

Output: Perfect competition market characteristics


Input: demand curve is horizontal, share in the market so small it changes output doesn't disturb market equilibrium a firm can only sell its output at market price (only decision is how much to produce) TR= p x q TR curve is upward linear goal to maximize profit, not revenue [utility]

Output: perfect competition frim characteristics


Input: profit is the difference bw TR and TC [utility]

Output: firm profit maximizing -short run


Input: [Pell Grants] Elements of an insurable risk

Output: The loss must be measurable The loss must be accidental or Fortuitous

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Dis-Advantages of Self Insurance

Output: You must duplicate Services offered by the insurer. No impartial claims service

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Advantages of Self Insurance

Output: No selling cost

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Roles of an Adjuster

Output: Determine if there was a loss covered by the policy Handle settlement of certain losses

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Duties of the courts in regulating Insurers

Output: To render decisions on the meaning of policy terms. To rule on the constitutionality of Insurance laws.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Characteristics of an un-endorsed HO 00 03

Output: Open peril coverage on the dwelling Broad form coverage on personal property

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What are the steps of the Financial Planning Process

Output: E.G.A.D.I.M Establish and Define relationship, Gather Info, Analyze and evaluate, Develop, and present plan Implement Monitor

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Step one of E.G.A.D.I.M.

Output: Establish and Define Relationship: *Explain the planning process *Explain services provided *Inform of docs required *Clarify planner and client responsabilities

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Step two of E.G.A.D.I.M.

Output: Gather Info *Use interview questions *Determine goals, needs, priorities *Get Docs *Risk tolerance and time frame *Determine Values and Expectations

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Step three of E.G.A.D.I.M.

Output: Analyze and Evaluate *Current financial status *Special needs *Risk/Insurance status *Investments/retirement *Taxation *Real estate *Employee benefits

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Step four of E.G.A.D.I.M.

Output: Develop and present Plan *Prepare plan specific to client *Plan must address and prioritize: cash flow, estate tax, capital needs, income tax, benefits, investments, and liability risk. *

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Step five of E.G.A.D.I.M.

Output: Implement the Plan *Assist the client with Implementation *Coordinate with other professionals

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Step six of E.G.A.D.I.M.

Output: Monitor the Plan *Monitor progress *Review changes in law *Update client info

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Statement of Financial Position

Output: *Statement of assets, liabilities, and net worth on a specific date *i.e. as of December 31 20XX *Assets - Liabilities = Net Worth Assets = Liabilities + Net Worth

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Cash Flow Statement

Output: *Statement of inflows and out flows over a period of time *i.e. For the year ending December 31 20XX

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Emergency Funds

Output: 3-6 months of expenses, preferably 3 months for dual income, 6 months for one earner.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Save X% of your gross income

Output: 5-10%

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What is the Current Ratio?

Output: The current ratio measures a firms ability to pay off current debts with current assets (cash and equivalents, receivables, inventory) Current assets / Current liabilities

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What is the acid test ratio?

Output: Similar to Current ratio, but take away inventory from the calculation. Cash and equivalents, receivables /Current liabilities Use to determine how easy it would be to pay off current liabilities with most liquid current assets

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Consumer Debt should not exceed:

Output: 20% of net income

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Important things to remember about budgets:

Output: They can be mis-leading Do not attempt 100% accuracy Use budget to measure accomplishment

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Housing cost (PITI) should not exceed:

Output: 28% of Gross Income

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Your total monthly payments should not exceed:

Output: 36% of Gross Income

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What is the kiddie tax?

Output: Applies to Investment income greater than $1,700 (indexed) * For children under 19 Y.O. or under 24 if a full time student *First $850 is untaxed(standard deduction) *Second $850 is taxed at childs marginal tax rate *Anything over $1,700 is taxed at parents marginal rate.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Closed Vs. Open Ended Leases

Output: Closed end: Lessee walks away at the end of the lease, only money that may still be due is from damages or excess mileage. Open ended: at lease termination, the appraised value of the asset will determine any further monies due from or owed to the Lessee.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Section 529 Plan

Output: *Vary by state *May Allow out of state contributions * Custodian controls distributions *Withdrawals tax free as long as used to pay for qualified college expenses (Tuition, books, Supplies room and board) *Can be transferred to nuclear relatives, in laws and first cousins. Also can be rolled over to just about anyone

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Coverdell Education Savings Account

Output: *Originally called "Education IRA" *Put in up to $2,000 per year *Can pay for elementry, secondary, and college expenses. *Must be distributed within 30 days of when individual reaches 30 years of age

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Agent

Output: *insurer is legally bound to actions of the agent! *Does not represent the insured *Rep of the insurance company

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Broker

Output: *Can not bind risk to the insurance com. *Represents the insured *Not an agent of the insurance com.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Principles (insurers) are liable for the actions of an agent if:

Output: There is: Express authority (contractual) Implied (not stated but assumed duties) Apparent (Ostensible, if the insurance company doesn't block it or clearly dispute the actions of the agent)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Principles may not be liable for actions if:

Output: *Must notify the insured their not ratifying the acts of the agent *No policy issued *Premiums returned

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Steps of the Claims Process:

Output: 1. Notice: Notify insurer of loss ASAP 2. Investigation: Insurer determines if there was a loss covered by the policy. 3. Proof of loss: Sworn statement by Insured 4. Payment or denial

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Options of the Insurer for settling claims

Output: 1. Replacement (repair or replace rather than pay ACV) 2. Abandonment or Salvage (property is taken over by insurer) 3. Pair or set (repair, replace or pay ACV)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] General Agent

Output: Independent business people empowered by an insurance company to to sell and appoint agents in a specified territory.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Independent Agent

Output: Generally represent several Property and liability companies. Do business under the American Agency System.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Captive Agent

Output: Represent one or one group of companies. Can only use other insurers if their company doesn't offer the product the customer needs.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Career agent

Output: Usually work with a General agent or a or an agency manager, associate with one company but maintain relationships with other companies to fill client needs.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Producing General Agents

Output: Same as a General Agent, except: *Usually actually sell themselves (dont hire or train other agents) *Don't have designated territories *May represent more than one life company

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Surplus Line or Excess Line Brokers or Agents

Output: Handle insurance that cannot be purchased in he state for any reason.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] 3 reasons to regulate the insurance Industry:

Output: To avoid market Failure (too much or too little ins. at too high or too low of prices i.e. monopoly) Public Choice Keep the companies smaller and more efficient if they want to compete Capture: Regulators tend to come from the industry they regulate

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] How does the Legislative branch regulate insurance?

Output: *Enacts law to govern insurance companies within its own state boundary *Standards of solvency *Regulates rates of investment *Licensing of Agents

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Who is the State Commissioner?

Output: *Is the central regulation figure in each state *Makes rulings that are binding into law *Exercises judicial power in implementing and enforcing the states insurance code.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] NAIC

Output: National Association of Insurance Commissioners *No legal Power *Shares Ideas *Seeks to Standardize state regulation

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Twisting

Output: Convincing customer to cancel a policy just to replace it with another for a profit

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Rebating

Output: Returning Premium to induce a customer to purchase insurance.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Investment Advisors Act of 1940 (IAA)

Output: *Meant to protect the public and investors from malpractice by those that advise about securities *requires disclosure, stops illegal profit sharing, makes it unlawful for advisor to engage in fradulant conduct.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] SEC Release IA-770

Output: *Indicates how the SEC will enforce the IAA

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What are the three (IAA) test to determine if one is an Investment Adviser or not

Output: 1. Are you Providing Advice? 2.Are you in the business of Giving advice? 3.Do you receive compensation for advice?

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What are the six categories of exceptions under the definition of Financial Advisor

Output: 1.Bank or bank holding co. 2.Lawyer, Engineer, Teacher etc. whose advise is incidental to their profession. 3.Broker or Dealer whose advise is incidental and non-compensated 4.Bona-fide News paper or Fin. Publication 5.only advise about securities issued and garunteed by the U.S. Gov. 6.Any others the SEC deems (none now)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What are the three Investment Advisors that are exempt from registering

Output: 1. Intrastate advisers who have clients in one state only and doesnt offer securities available on national exchanges 2.An Advisor whose only clients are insurance companies 3.A private Advisor who: during the past 12 months had less than 15 clients doesnt hold themselves out to the public as an adviser Doesnt act as such for a registerd investment company

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Form ADV (I&II) and U-4

Output: ADV (I) General Info, name, location year of business, background, types of clients. ADV (II) Detailed info specific types of products and services, fee structure, business associates and balance sheet Form U-4: Must be submitted on behalf of every IAR seeking employment at an IA

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] SEC or State registration?

Output: Under $25 million in AUM register with the state Over $30 million register with the SEC

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What is the brochure rule?

Output: Registered Investment Advisers must provide all clients (current and prospective) with a copy of the ADV(II) or something that is equivalent Must be delivered at least 48 hours prior to entering into a contract, and every year there after (or at least an offer to deliver it)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Who is FINRA?

Output: *Not a government agency *Self regulatory agency *Registered with the SEC *If you want to sell certain products you will need to pass correlating FINRA exams

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Types of FINRA Exams

Output: Series 6: Mutual Funds, UIT's, variable life insurance and annuities Series 22: Direct participation programs: Oil and Gas, Real Estate Syndications. Series 62: smaler version of the series 7, no options

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Steps of the Risk Management Process

Output: 1. Identify Risk Management Goals 2. Gather important data 3. Analyze 4. Construct a plan 5.Implement 6. Monitor

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What are some tools that will help gather risk info from a client?

Output: 1. Insurance policy checklist 2. Risk analysis questioner 3. Financial checklist 4. A review of the clients personal and private activities

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] The 3 Rules of Risk Management

Output: 1. Don't risk more than you can afford to lose 2. Consider the Odds 3. Don't risk a lot for a little

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What is the large loss principle?

Output: Losses that can have catastrophic results must be the first to be insured!

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What are the four elements of an Insurable Risk?

Output: A. There must be enough similarity between the risk to create some predictability B. The Loss produced by the risk must be definite and measurable C.The loss must be fortuitous or accidental D. The loss must not be catastrophic to the insurer

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What is the purpose of underwriting?

Output: Is the process of selecting and classifying risk.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Post Selection Underwriting

Output: Reviewing and possibly canceling policies before it expires (becoming illegal in some states)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Five sources of information used for underwriting

Output: The application Info from the Agent or Broker Investigations Information Bureaus Examinations or inspections

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Risk Avoidance

Output: Staying Away from the risk activity all together. Use when risk is high in severity and frequency

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Risk Retention

Output: Just dealing with the risk by paying for any losses that may occur. Use when risk is low in severity and frequency

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Risk transference

Output: AKA insurance, use when risk is high in severity, but low in frequency.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Risk reduction and sharing

Output: reduction lowers chances a risk will occur, and sharing spreads the responsibility for handling a loss to others (incorporation).

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What is adverse selection and why is it a problem?

Output: The tendency for worse than average risk policy holders to purchase or continue coverage, this negatively affects insurers ability to make predictions about future losses.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Three risk exposures that may necessitate Life Insurance

Output: 1. Death before Debt repayment 2. Spouse outliving pension 4. Death befor reaching life goals

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Family risk exposures when a primary income earner dies

Output: 1. Final expenses 2. Contingent Liabilities 3. Dependant Income 4. Education 5. Family Goals 6. Support of parents

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Closely held business risk exposures that may merit life insurance

Output: 1. Death of a partner 2. Death of a key employee 3. Losing key employee to competition 4. Illiquidity of business in the event of an owners death

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What is a Buy-Sell agreement and how can life insurance be helpful in exercising it?

Output: Buy-sells often occur when it is necessary to transfer the ownership of a dead partner to the remaining owners. They take many forms such as: Stock redemption Cross purchase Wait and see Third Party Life Insurance can provide the funds necessary for the buy out

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Term Insurance

Output: Protects against loss due to death during a specified time period. initial premiums are lower than whole but premiums increase over time does not accumulate cash value At end of policy term policy owner may be declined for renewal

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Whole life insurance

Output: provides guaranteed protection for the entire life of the insured provides guaranteed nonforfeiture values that can be used as forced savings Has a guaranteed level premium for life of the insured death benefit guaranteed for life of insured can be borrowed against can be used for emergencies

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Limited pay whole life

Output: Same as whole Life but premiums are higher and last for a shorter time period

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Universal Life Insurance

Output: Technical name is flexible adjustable life has a cash value fund that grows tax deferred and has a minimum guaranteed rate of intrest includes flexible premium payments adjustable death benefits unbundled in structure level death benefit is called type 1 or A increasing death benefit is called type 2 or B

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Advantages and Disadvantages of Universal Life

Output: Has flexible premium payments and adjustable benefits provides full disclosure every year Unbundled format --------------------------------------------------- may not give best insurance protection or savings rates future yield is uncertain there is no guarantee that what you choose to pay in will give enough benefit

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Variable Life Insurance

Output: Combination of protection and growth potential from investments Sub accounts hold investments Has Guaranteed premium and Benefit but no guaranteed cash value

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Variable Universal Life Insurance (VUL)

Output: Flexible premium and death benefit like Universal Investment choices for cash fund no guarantees at all except to keep coverage in force

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Interest sensitive whole life

Output: Whole life plan that reacts to interest rates by fluctuating the premium or cash value depending on the plans structure

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Adjustable Life Insurance

Output: Combo of Term and Whole -Premium and face amount are adjustable at any monthly policy anniversary -Can change back and forth from Whole to Term

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Indeterminate premium policy

Output: Whole or Term policy with maximum guaranteed premium. premiums fluctuate

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Participating vs. Non-Participating Life insurance

Output: Dividends of Participating plan may be paid to owner as a tax free return of premium Non-Participating do not pay, but may increase the cash value

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Irrevocable Beneficiaries

Output: Must affirm ANY changes in a life insurance policy

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Common insurance plan clauses

Output: Entire Contract- The Policy and Application constitute a contract between ins co. and insured. Ownership- Ins policy is personal property Incontestable- after policy has been in force for 2 years the validity of the contract can not be questioned, except for fraud Misstatement of age- If you lie about age the Ins Co. can adjust the ins accordingly Grace period- Allows a premium to be paid late, usually 30 or 31 days Reinstatement- If grace period is exceeded allows certain period of time where policy can be reinstated pending evidence of insurability

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Viatical Agreement

Output: Policy owner can sell their life insurance to a third party (or Viatical firm). Take estimated payout and subtract estimated premiums paid until that point and determine a value at which to sell the policy.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Cash or Loan Value

Output: Also known as the "Surrender Value" You want to borrow or pull the money out ($ per thousand of death benefit i.e. $100 per thousand = $1000 on a $100,000 contract)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Reduced Paid up Insurance

Output: You want to stop paying premiums but want the policy to stay intact ($ per thousand of death benefit i.e. $100 per thousand = $1000 on a $100,000 contract)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Extended Term Insurance

Output: You want to stop paying premiums and just buy the original face amount amount in Term Insurance instead. (Expressed in terms of years and days)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What are the Non-Forfeiture options of a life insurance Policy?

Output: Cash or Loan Value (Surrender value) Reduced Paid up Insurance Extended Term Insurance

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Types of Dividend Options

Output: Cash Paid up Dividend Additions Reduced Premium Accumulate at Interest One Year Term

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Paid up Dividend Additions

Output: Also called (PUA's) This allows for the purchase of additional net cost insurance! Can be added on each year regardless of health or occupation. No further Premiums are due on it, but it pays dividends! Defers Taxes! Best combination of increased death benefit AND cash value

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Reduced Premium (Dividend Option)

Output: Decreases out of pocket expenses

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Accumulate at Interest

Output: Money is managed professionally and at a guaranteed minimum rate. Dividends are tax free, but the interest THEY generate is not. Worst tax implications

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] One Year Term (Fifth Dividend Option)

Output: Usually used in conjunction with one of the other Dividend options. Allows for the acquisition of inexpensive insurance that is equal to the guaranteed cash value.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Settlement Options for Life Insurance or Annuities

Output: Lump Sum Interest Option Installments for a fixed Period Installments for a fixed Amount Life Income Options: Straight Life Life Income, period certain Life Income with refund Joint and survivor income

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Interest Option (Settlement Option)

Output: Proceeds of the policy stay at with Insurance company (to be paid out at a later date) Only Interest is paid to the Beneficiary (At a minimum guaranteed amount)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Installments for a fixed Period (Settlement Option)

Output: Policy owner (or the beneficiary) may choose to have the proceeds paid out over some specific time period.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Installments of a Fixed Amount (Settlement Option)

Output: Policy owner (or the beneficiary) may choose to have the proceeds paid out in some specified amount for however long they will last.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Life Income Options (4) (Settlement Options)

Output: Income is paid out in form of an Annuity. Payments can be given to someone other than whose life the annuity was based on. (Wierd right?) 1. Straight Life: Paid out on basis of life expectancy (most basic) 2. Life Income, Period certain: (Also called C&C) Beneficiary is paid a life income for a guaranteed minimum number of years 3. Life Income with Refund: LIfe Income, but if there is some value left at the end, it can be given to a contingent beneficiary 4. Joint and survivor Income: Gives income to two payees, which continue even if one dies.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Life Insurance Rider: Renewability Provision

Output: Guaranties the ability to renew a policy for a specified amount of periods. (For Term Insurance duh!)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Life Insurance Rider: Conversion Provision

Output: Ability to convert a Term policy into some type of permanent Insurance with out having to prove any evidence of insurability!

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Life Insurance Rider: Common Disaster Clause

Output: In case of a disaster, if the insured dies and then the Beneficiary some time (up to 30 days later) it will be as if the beneficiary died first. The goal is to not dis-inherit any contingent Beneficiaries.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Life Insurance Rider: Spendthrift Clause

Output: Meant to stop Beneficiaries from assigning $$$ from policy proceeds. However after the $$$ is theirs they can do with it what they please

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Life Insurance Rider: Disability Waiver of Premium

Output: If policy owner becomes totally disabled they will not have to make premium payments.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Life Insurance Rider: Accidental Death Benefit

Output: If the insured is killed by an accident, and death occurs within 90 days of the accident an additional sum will be paid

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Life Insurance Rider: Guarantied Insurability

Output: Policy owner may purchase additional insurance at stated intervals with out providing proof of insurability.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Five ways Annuities can be classified

Output: 1. Method of payment/ Accumulation Fixed or Variable 2. # of lives covered Single or joint and Survivor 3. When payments start Immediate or Deferred 4. Method of Premium Payment Single or period of years 5. Nature of Insurers Obligation: Pure life, Refund, period certain

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Joint and Survivor Annuity

Output: Covers two or more annuitants, with payments continuing until death of last survivor

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Immediate Annuity

Output: Benefits payable right away

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Deferred Annuity

Output: May be a spread of years between purchase and payments. May have a tax deferred gain.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Single premium Annuity

Output: One Premium is paid as opposed to an installment payment plan.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Pure life/ Straight life Annuity

Output: Payments made for annuitants entire life Done, or "fully liquid" at time of death, i.e. nothing goes to estate Provides maximum income per dollar of Principle

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Life and Period Certain Annuity

Output: Payments made for the life of the annuitant, but guaranteed for a certain # of years regardless if the annuitant lives for the certain amount of years.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Joint Life Annuity

Output: RARELY used because after either annuitant dies, payments cease completely.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Refund Annuity

Output: If there is value left at the Annuitants death, the remainder will be paid to a beneficiary (lump sum or installments)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Pure Life Immediate Fixed Annuity

Output: Guarantied income for annuitants life (cant outlive it) starting right away, nothing left when he/she dies. No estate tax to worry about. Does not grow with inflation, its fixed so you get what you get. Cant get at the principle.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Deferred annuities

Output: Tax deferred choose fixed (guarantied) or variable (moves with the Market) Tax penalties for early withdrawal

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What is the Purpose of life insurance policy reserves?

Output: To pay all future benefits or non-forfeiture values

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] how to calculate the inflation adjusted interest rate

Output: 1 + After tax return -------------------------- -1] X 100 1 + inflation rate

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Deductible

Output: Initial Amount Insured must pay before insurance coverage begins Higher deductible, lower Premiums

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Coinsurance (participation percentage)

Output: defines what portion of covered medical expenses is paid by insured and what portion is paid for by the plan. Its purpose is to discourage insureds from abusing coverage and seeking unnecessary medical care

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Stop-loss limit

Output: The amount of covered expenses, beyond the deductible, that is shared at the coinsurance rate.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Breakpoint

Output: The dollar amount at which the insurer has to start paying 100% of the covered cost (up to the maximum)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Capitation

Output: Payment of an annual or monthly fee to providers (as opposed to a fee per service)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] 4 types of Medicare coverage

Output: Part A: Hospital Coverage Part B: Physicians and out of Hospital coverage Part C: Medicare Advantage: Alternatives to traditional medicare coverage Part D: Prescription Drug coverage

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] 5 major plan options available under Medicare Advantage

Output: Medicare HMO's Medicare PPO's Private Fee for Service Plans Special Needs plans Medicare MSA

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] What is Medigap?

Output: A group of special policies designed by the NAIC and developed by commercial insurers and BC/BS as supplements to cover the gap between what medical care cost and what medicare pays. Known as Medicare supplement policies, or the 10 NAIC designed plans

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Exclusions

Output: Medical services for which the plan specifically excludes

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Pre-existing conditions Clause

Output: Excludes medical conditions for which were previously treated or which a prudent person would have sought treatment BEFORE coverage began.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Utilization Review

Output: Procedure is reviewed and authorized by the insurance company before it occurs, or shortly after in emergency circumstances.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] UCR or Surgical Schedule

Output: Max amount an Insurer will pay for service in a given area

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Internal Policy limits

Output: Limits for specific illnesses or procedures that fall below policy overall benefits

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Coordination of benefits clause

Output: Clause that stops insured from using more than one policy to collect more than 100% of expenses

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Supplemental Coverages

Output: Modified or additional coverage available for extra premium

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] PPO

Output: Utilizes a network or doctors or hospitals to lower cost (similar to HMO) No referral is necessary to see a specialist

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] HMO

Output: Provides comprehensive health care for co-payments and periodic payments. (usually no deductible or co-insurance) Limited network of Doctors must be used Must get a referral to see a specialist Usually cost less Covers preventative care (usually)

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Comprehensive Major Medical Insurance

Output: Wide choice of Providers High premium Very high coverage limits Very few care exclusions has high out of pocket expenses to meet deductible

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] HIPAA provision reducing "Job Lock"

Output: HIPAA helps to limit pre-existing condition exclusions. It sets the limit at 12 months for new insureds. It also allows this exclusion to be cut down by up to the entire 12 months using any prior coverage using a day for day match system. i.e. if the insured had 11 moths of continued coverage before switching they would only have one month of pre existing condition exclusion in the new policy. Any breaks in coverage of over 63 days will constitute a reset of the system. Alt insurance types like disability, dental or workmans comp dont count.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] COBRA

Output: Alllows an employee to keep their heath care plan when leaving an employer. Must pay the premiums plus up to a 2% fee.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Indemnity

Output: Should mean that the insured is restored to their original financial position after a loss. Unfortunately in the insurance world certain supplemental health coverages are called "Indemnity plans" even though the amount that they compensate is not proportionate to the loss, but rather some predetermined amount.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Medicade

Output: Program for low income individuals. Federally created but mostly state run.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Medicare

Output: Federal health care for people over age 65, certain handicapped persons and those with end-stage kidney disease. Yuk.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [Pell Grants] Major Medical coverage Vs. Comprehensive Major Medical coverage

Output: MMC: Has high limit per loss, not many exclusions, and uses deductibles, co-insurance and the stop loss limit. Designed to take over where a base plan leaves off. CMMC: Same as MMC, but it is a stand alone coverage that does not need a base plan underneath it.

Available to full or part time under graduate students. Must have financial need, and complete a FAFSA


Input: [1] adjective [2]

Output: a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun


Input: [1] pronoun [2]

Output: a word used in place of a noun or more than one noun


Input: [1] antecedent [2]

Output: the word that a pronoun stands for or refers to in a sentence


Input: [1] adverb [2]

Output: a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb


Input: [1] what are the two types of subject complements? [2]

Output: predicate adjective and predicate nominative


Input: [1] direct object [2]

Output: a noun or a pronoun that receives the action of a verb or shows the result of that action answers who or what


Input: [1] indirect object [2]

Output: a noun or a pronoun that comes between a verb and a direct object. (it tells "to whom" or "to what" or "for whom" or "for what")


Input: [1] subject complement [2]

Output: completes the meaning of a linking verb and identifies or describes the subject


Input: [1] predicate nominative [2]

Output: a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and explains or identifies the subject of the sentence


Input: [1] predicate adjective [2]

Output: an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence


Input: [1] adverbial clause [2]

Output: a subordinate clause that modifies a verb an adjective or another adverb


Input: [1] adjectival clause [2]

Output: a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun


Input: [1] independent clause [2]

Output: expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself in a sentence


Input: [1] subordinate clause [2]

Output: does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone.


Input: [1] compound sentence [2]

Output: has two or more independent clauses and no subordinate clauses.


Input: [1] compound form (noun, verb or subject) [2]

Output: consists of two or more


Input: [1] compound subject [2]

Output: two or more connected subjects that have the same verb, usually connected by "and" or "or"


Input: [1] compound verb [2]

Output: two or more connected verbs that have the same subject, usually connected by "and", "or" or "but"


Input: The percentage of the principal of a loan to be paid as interest in one year. Differs from an add-on rate in that an APR is calculated on the declining balance of the loan. The Truth in Lending Act requires lenders to disclose APRs to prospective borrowers. [Account balance]

Output: APR


Input: Bankruptcy is a legal status of an insolvent person or an organisation, that is, one who cannot repay the debts they owe to creditors. In most jurisdictions bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor. [Account balance]

Output: Bankruptcy


Input: A certificate of indebtedness issued by a government or a publicly held corporation, promising to repay borrowed money to the lender at a fixed rate of interest and at a specified time [Account balance]

Output: Bond


Input: A spending-and-savings plan [Account balance]

Output: Budget


Input: A profit realized from the sale of property, stocks or other investments. [Account balance]

Output: Capital Gain


Input: Something of value (often a house or a car) pledged by a borrower as security for a loan. If the borrower fails to make payments on the loan, the collateral may be sold; proceeds from the sale may then be used to pay down the unpaid debt. [Account balance]

Output: Collateral


Input: a payment made by a beneficiary (esp. for health services) in addition to that made by an insurer. [Account balance]

Output: Copayment


Input: a small plastic card issued by a bank, business, etc., allowing the holder to purchase goods or services on credit. [Account balance]

Output: Credit Card


Input: a card issued by a bank allowing the holder to transfer money electronically to another bank account when making a purchase [Account balance]

Output: Debit Card


Input: Regarding insurance policies: A set amount an insured person must pay per loss before the insurance company will pay a claim. [Account balance]

Output: Deductible


Input: A share of a company's net profits paid to stockholders. [Account balance]

Output: Dividend


Input: The total cost of credit, including interest and transaction fees. [Account balance]

Output: Finance Charge


Input: An interest rate on a credit card that does not change unless the cardholder fails to pay on time. [Account balance]

Output: Fixed APR


Input: A practice or arrangement whereby a company provides a guarantee of compensation for specified forms of loss [Account balance]

Output: Insurance


Input: money paid regularly at a particular rate for the use of money lent, or for delaying the repayment of a debt [Account balance]

Output: Interest


Input: credit for a fixed sum to be repaid in instalments, e.g. for hire purchase. [Account balance]

Output: Installment Credit


Input: the lowest amount of funds that can be in your account before incurring a service charge. [Account balance]

Output: Minimum Balance


Input: A pool of money used by a company to purchase a variety of stocks, bonds or money market instruments. Provides diversification and professional management for investors. [Account balance]

Output: Mutual Fund


Input: An amount to be paid for an insurance policy. [Account balance]

Output: Premium


Input: An original amount of money invested or lent. [Account balance]

Output: Principle


Input: A tax that takes the same percentage of income from people in all income groups. [Account balance]

Output: Proportional Tax


Input: A tax that take a larger percentage of income from people in higher-income groups than from people in lower-income ones; the U.S. federal income tax is an example. [Account balance]

Output: Progressive Tax


Input: A tax that takes a larger percentage of income from people in lower-income groups than from higher-income ones. Sales taxes and excise taxes are examples. [Account balance]

Output: Regressive Tax


Input: credit that is automatically renewed as debts are paid off. [Account balance]

Output: Revolving Credit


Input: An amount you may be required to pay, usually at the beginning of the lease, that may be used by the lessor or assignee in the event of default or at the end of the lease to offset any amounts you owe under the lease agreement. Any remaining amount may be refunded to you. [Account balance]

Output: Security Deposit


Input: An ownership share or shares of ownership in a corporation. [Account balance]

Output: Stock


Input: The variable APR (expressed in yearly terms) fluctuates based on an index, such as the Prime Rate or LIBOR. [Account balance]

Output: Variable APR


Input: [subprogram definition] subprogram call

Output: A ______ ______ is an explicit request that a subprogram be executed.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] active

Output: A subprogram is _____ if it has been called but has not yet returned.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] subprogram header

Output: A ______ ______, the first line of a definition, serves several purposes: - Indicates (often by a special word) the beginning of a subprogram definition, and may indicate whether the subprogram is a procedure or a function. - Provides a name for the subprogram. - May optionally specify a list of parameters.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] prototypes

Output: Function declarations are called _____ in C and C++. Such declarations are often placed in header files.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] parameter profile

Output: The ______ ______ of a subprogram is the number, order, and types of its formal parameters.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] protocol

Output: The ______ of a subprogram is its parameter profile plus, if it is a function, its return type.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] formal parameters

Output: Parameters in a subprogram header are called ______ ______.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] actual parameters

Output: A subprogram call specifies the name of the subprogram and a list of _____ ______ to be bound to the subprogram’s formal parameters.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] positional parameters

Output: In nearly all languages, the correspondence between actual and formal parameters is done by position: The first actual parameter is bound to the first formal parameter and so forth. Such parameters are called ______ ______.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] keyword parameters

Output: One solution to this problem of long argument lists is to provide _______ _______, in which names of formal parameters are explicitly connected with actual parameters.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] local variables

Output: Subprograms can define their own variables, called ______ ______.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] Algol 60 Algol 68, Pascal, and Ada

Output: The idea of nesting subprograms originated with ______ and direct descendants, including _____, _____, and ______.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] JavaScript, Python, and Ruby

Output: The C-based languages do not support nesting subprograms, but some newer languages do, including _____, ______, and ______.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] Parameter-passing

Output: _______ methods are ways in which parameters are transmitted to and/or from called subprograms.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] Pass-by-value-result

Output: ______ is a combination of pass-by-value and pass-by-result. It is an implementation model for inout-mode parameters in which actual values are moved.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] pass-by-copy

Output: Pass-by-value-result is sometimes called ______ because the actual parameter is copied to the formal parameter at subprogram entry and then copied back at subprogram termination.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] Pass-by-value-result, Pass-by-reference, Pass-by-name

Output: _____, _____ and ____ modes are for inout-mode parameters.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] Pass-by-name

Output: ______ is an inout-mode parameter transmission method that does not correspond to a single implementation model.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] pass-by-reference but cannot be changed within the function. Example declaration: void fun(const int& p1, int p2, int& p3) { … }

Output: C++ allows reference parameters to be declared const. What does this do?

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] pass-by-assignment

Output: Python and Ruby support ______, in which each actual parameter (a reference to an object) is assigned to the corresponding formal parameter. An actual parameter cannot be changed within a subprogram, but the object to which it refers can modified.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] Ada, C++, Python, and Ruby

Output: ______, ______, ______, and ______ allow the programmer to overload operators.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] coroutine

Output: A ______ is a special kind of subprogram. Unlike conventional subprograms, coroutines behave more like equals.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] resume

Output: Since control is often transferred to a coroutine at a point other than its beginning, the invocation of a coroutine is called a _____, not a call.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] SIMULA 67 Additionally, Other languages that support coroutines include BLISS, INTERLISP, and Modula-2.

Output: ______ was the first high-level programming language to support coroutines.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] quasi-concurrency

Output: A coroutine may execute partially and then transfer control to another coroutine. When restarted, a coroutine resumes execution just after the statement it used to transfer control elsewhere. This sort of interleaved execution sequence is sometimes called _____.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] shallow binding

Output: The environment of the statement that calls the passed subprogram.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] deep binding

Output: The environment in which the passed subprogram.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: [subprogram definition] ad hoc binding

Output: The environment of the call that passed the subprogram as an actual parameter.

Programming Language Concepts Sebesta Chapter 9 Flashcards - Cram.com

A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.


Input: What are the characteristics of arteriosclerosis?

Output: thickening, loss of elasticity and calcification of arterial walls

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is atherosclerosis?

Output: a form of arteriosclerosis

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the characteristics of atherosclerosis?

Output: deposits of fat and fibrin....that prevent flow and harden arteries fat - prevents flow fibrin - hardens arteries

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: List some common cues to C/V problems.

Output: fatigue dyspnea fluid retention/edema irregular HB palpitations chest pain calf/leg tenderness numbness and tingling in legs being dizzy, light headed, syncope

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does coronary artery disease mean?

Output: atherosclerosis of the coronary blood vessels

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are some synonyms of CAD?

Output: CHD, IHD, ASHD, CVHD

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where are the deposits with CAD? What is it...arterio or athero?

Output: focal deposits of cholesterol and lipids in the INTIMAL WALL of the heart it is athero

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: List some age related changes to the heart.

Output: calcified valves stiffened arteries valve rigidity inelasticity

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How does an old heart respond to a stress test?

Output: Heart has less increase in HR and longer period of recovery needed There is a decreased response to stress when we age

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is collateral circulation?

Output: When the veins regenerate around a block. It happens more when we get older. Be aware that a heart issue in a younger person is much more of a problem than in an older person due to decreased collateral circulation

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the name of the marker of inflammation related to CAD?

Output: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation that is increased in many patients with CAD. Chronic exposure to even minor elevations of CRP can trigger the rupture of plaques and promote the oxidation of LDL cholsterol leading to increased uptake by macrophages in the endotheial lining

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How does CAD develop?

Output: slow progressive disease

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Who has the highest incidence of CAD?

Output: white middle aged men

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Who has earliest onset of CAD?

Output: african americans (b/c of diet)

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Who has highest death rate related to CAD?

Output: african american women

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: List the nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD.

Output: age (older) gender (men) ethnicity (white) genetic predisposition with family history of heart disease

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: List the modifiable risk factors for CAD.

Output: increased lipids (LDL/low HDL) HTN smoking obesity inactivity DM stress medication noncompliance BMI>25

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Old age brings on what type of artery disease?

Output: arteriosclerosis....age, chronic, hardening

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The first major risk factor for CAD is highserum lipids. What is the second major risk factor and how is it defined?

Output: hypertension BP 140/90

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the most common problem of the elderly and their health?

Output: arteriosclerosis

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An older person's HR is ___________. Their Cardiac Output is __________. Their peripheral pulses are ___________. Their valve rigidity is ________. Dysrhythmias are __________.

Output: HR decreased CO decreased (35%) peripheral circulation (decreased) peripheral pulses (decreased) Heart valve rigidity is INCREASED DysRHYTHMIAS are INCREASED.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the difference between arrhythmias and dysrhythmias?

Output: arrhythmias are abnormal, but dysrhythmias are DEADLY

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the clinical manifestations of CAD?

Output: angina pectoris acute coronary syndrome sudden cardiac death

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Angina pectoris is really __________ ________ ________ expressed symptomatically as angina.

Output: transient myocardial ischemia

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the LDL goals of CAD when the person is at high risk?

Output: lower than 100 make lifestyle changes and then add drugs if it doesn't work

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the LDL goals of CAD when the person is at low risk?

Output: LDL lower than 160

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the LDL goals of a moderate at risk person?

Output: lower than 130

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Angina pectoris should not persist more than 20 minutes after rest and.....

Output: nitro

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The patho of angina pectoris is....

Output: Angina is due to myocardial demand for oxygen exceding ability to supply it....ANAEROBIC METABOLISM leads to LACTIC ACID leads to CHEST PAIN

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Why doesn't the heart just supply more oxygen so the pain will stop?

Output: b/c the veins are arterioscerotic and they can't dilate

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How do you assess angina?

Output: PQRST

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Define the letters in a PQRST angina assessment.

Output: P-precipitating events Q-quality of pain R-radiation of pain S-severity of pain T-timing

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What do you mean by timing of pain?

Output: When did the pain begin? Has the pain changed since this time? Have you had pain like this before?

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When do the manifestations of CAD (angina, acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death) usually occur during the day?

Output: in the early morning after wakening

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the types or kinds of angina?

Output: stable unstable prinzmetals nocturnal angina decubitus

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does angina decubitus mean?

Output: chest pain only happens when you lay down and is relieved by getting up. Presents like gas

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: There are seven precipitating factors to angina. List them.

Output: Physical exertion Temperature extremes Strong emotions Consumption of heavy meal Tobacco use Sexual activity Stimulants

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does prinzmetal's angina look like?

Output: rare, often at rest, is cyclical, and caused by spasm, NOT INCREASED PHYSICAL DEMAND. Frequently seen in patient's with migrane and Raynaud's. Think of person on couch, eating pretzels and powdered donuts (Raynaud's)

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is stable angina?

Output: intermittent, predictable, stops with stopping activity, usually infrequent

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where is a person with stable angina usually treated? What are the treatments?

Output: not in the hospital. they are given heart med to take at the predictable time rest and sublingual nitroglycerine

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What provokes stable angina?

Output: exertion

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How is the TIMING different in stable vs. unstable angina?

Output: unstable is SUDDEN, NEW ONSET, occuring at REST

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: There are two parts to acute coronary syndrome. Name them.

Output: Acute Coronary Syndrome includes: 1. Unstable Angina 2. Myocardial infarction

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are two side effects that are a problem with all nitrates?

Output: headache ( you can take tylenol) orthostatic hypotension

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What causes an unstable angina?

Output: break off of a plaque. You are concerned about MI due to thrombosis. Patient needs cardiac cath

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How do you diagnose CAD?

Output: ECG Serum Cardiac Markers (triponin/CK-MB...creatnine kinase and C-reactive protein)

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Explain what the CK-MB test is.

Output: A blood study. The creatine kinase level is highly indicative of MI. CKMB levels increase 4-6 hours after MI. Collected serial sampling way. Every 6-8 hours x3)

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is troponin?

Output: a cardiac specific marker protein

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is c-reactive protein?

Output: a marker of inflammation that can predict risk of cardiac disease and cardiac events, even in patients with normal lipid values

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is SO interesting about a BNP?

Output: It is a peptide. Elevated indicates presence of heart failure and distinguishes cardiac vs. respiratory cause of dyspnea. INFUSION OF NATRECOR will elevate levels temporarily.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is difference between ECG and echocardiogram?

Output: ECG records cardiac electrical activity Echocardiogram - records direction and flow of blood through heart...place patient in supine position on left side facing equipment

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does a cardiac catheterization study do?

Output: obtains information about oxygen saturation and pressure readings within the heart chambers.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How is a cardiac cath done?

Output: inject contrast medium to assist in examining structure and motion of heart. A catheter is either inserted into a vein (for right sided study) or into an artery (for left sided study). Brachial or Femoral vein.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Before a procedure, what are the nursing responsibilities for a cardiac cath procedure?

Output: -obtain permission -check for iodine sensitivity -withhold food or fluids for 6-18 hours before procedure -give sedative -instruct patient to cough or take deep breath when catheter is inserted -monitor patient on ECG throughout procedure

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What type of sedative might be given to patient prior to cardiac catheterization?

Output: valium PO bendaryl tagement versed

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the nursing responsibilities after a cardiac cath ?

Output: -assess circulation to extremity -check peripheral pulses, color/sensation of extremity every 15 minutes for 1 hour. -Observe puncture site for hematoma and bleeding -Place compression device over arterial site -assess cardiovascular and respiratory -watch for pulmonary embolism

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does a coronary angiography do?

Output: study involves injection of radiopaque contrast medium directly into the coronary arteries. LOOKS AT BLOOD FLOW IN THE HEART VESSEL. It is used to evaluate patency of coronary arteries and collateral circulation.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What type of diet do you tell a CAD or angina patient to follow?

Output: low fat, low sodium

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is laser angiography?

Output: laser that widdles away the plaque

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is CABG?

Output: bypass the occlusion

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is PTCA?

Output: percutaneous translumina coronary angioplasty (with or without stent placement) pushes back the plaque

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is preload vs afterload?

Output: preload is amount of blood in the heart AT REST afterload is the PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE the heart must pump against

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When you thinkcalcium channel blocker, you should think....

Output: calcium channel blocker VASODILATION

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Beta blockers reduce both....

Output: heart rate and contractility decrease afterload

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What type of drug is famous for causing a 50% reduction in progression of CAD to an MI?

Output: aspirin (antiplatelet agents)

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When should antiplatelet drugs be administered?

Output: should be administered as soon as ACS is suspected

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Other than aspirin, what other drug is an antiplatelet?

Output: plavix...it inhibits platelet aggregation and is an alternative for a patient that can not take aspirin

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When singing the ABCs of chronic stable angina treatment, what is next after aspirin?

Output: aspirin antianginal aceinhibitior beta blocker blood pressure cigarette smoking cholesterol diet diabetes education exercise flu vaccination

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Why do we give patients nitro?

Output: it is a vasodilation It decreases both afterload and preload

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Other than all the Nitros under nitrates, what is the one that is not a "nitro".

Output: isosorbide dinitrate...it is an oral agent, standing order

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Diferent than treating an stable angina, what are the ABCs of CAD tx?

Output: Antiplatelet Antianginal Beta Blocker Calcium channel

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are some calcium channel blockers?

Output: amlodipine (Norvasc) nifedipine (Procardia) diltiazem (Cardizem) nicardipine (Cardene)

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A new diagnosis of CAD/Angina would have what type of treatment?

Output: Aspirin, plavix or ticlid

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Why might a angina patent have activity intolerance?

Output: pain with activity

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the treatments of an acute MI?

Output: oxygen morphine 1-2mg nitroglycerine drip aspirin 162mg CK-MB q8x3 Troponin Myoglobin EKG

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is myoglobin?

Output: low molecular weight protein that is 99-100% sensitive for MI. Serum concentrations rise 30-60 minutes after MI, but are rapidly cleared from body. Best if done within 12 hours of MI.

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where do you want your HDL to be?

Output: greater than 35

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where do you want your LDL to be?

Output: 100-129

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where do you want triglycerides to be?

Output: less than 150

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Nursing requirements for checking lipids.

Output: Fasting needed for 12 hours before. No alcohol for 24 hours

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: I am a test that illustrates contours, placement and chambers of the heart.

Output: chest x-ray

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is a TEE?

Output: visualizes structures in and around the heart by inserting transducer attached to an endoscope in the esophagus Transesophageal Echocardiography

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: List additional nursing requirements prior to cardiac cath.

Output: -consent -iodine? -NPO for 6-8 hrs? -assess use of aspirin or NSAIDS -discontinue oral anticoagulants -IV started to KVO -Establish baseline peripheral pulses -Mark pulse sites with marker -Take baseline VS -administer sedative -ECG monitoring

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is atherectomy?

Output: removing plaque from the identified lesion by shaving plaque off vessel walls using rotary cutting device

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is dose for nitro?

Output: 1/150gr SL x 3 at five minute intervals

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: List the beta blockers

Output: atenolol metoprolol propranolol

NUR135 Cardiac-CAD Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: semen. Sperm cell lashes its tail to move. It is aided by muscular CONTRACTIONS in the female reproductive tract. Uterine tube.

Output: Preg2 A male deposits ____ in the vagina during sex. How to sperm cells move within the female reproductive tract? Where in the female reproductive system does fertilization normally take place?

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: enzyme, zona pellucida membrane, zona pellucida, additional sperm cells nuclei, egg cell zygote, 46

Output: Preg3 During fertilization, an ____ helps a sperm cell penetrate the ____ ______. When a sperm cell penetrates an egg cell membrane, changes in the _____ and ____ _____ prevent entry of _____ _____ _____ Fusion of the _____ of a sperm cell and an ____ _____ completes fertilization. The product of fertilization is a _____ with ____ chromosomes.

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: 1)penetration of zona pellucida of egg cell by sperm cell (enzyme helps) 2)changes in egg cell membrane to prevent entry of additional sperm cells 3)fusion of the nuclei of a sperm cell and egg cell ->zygote

Output: Preg4 Briefly describe fertilization

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: Starting from the zygote, the cells undergo MITOSIS, giving rise to SMALLER and smaller cells. The developing offspring MOVES down the uterine tube to the uterus (about 3 day trip) In the cavity, the developing offspring remains free, but eventually IMPLANTS in the endometrium (at this point it is called a blastocyst)

Output: Preg5 Describe the process of cleavage What else happens during cleavage. Once it reaches the uterine cavity, what happens?

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: The term given to the developing offspring from the embryonic stage up to the end of 8 weeks (when the basic structural form of the human body is recognizable). Fetus is the term given after embryo, up until birth.

Output: Preg6 define embryo Define fetus.

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: Eventually, cells surrounding the embryo, with cells of the endometrium, form a complex vascular structure called the PLACENTA. (therefore, EMBRYONIC and MATERNAL cells form the placenta) The placenta 1)exchanges nutrients, gases, and wastes between maternal blood and the embryo's blood. 2)secretes hormones.

Output: Preg7 Describe the formation of the placenta. What are its functions?

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the embryonic cells.

Output: Preg8 Which hormone produced during pregnancy maintains the corpus luteum. Where is that hormone produced?

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: 1)estrogens and progesterone - maitain the uterine wall, and inhibit FSH and LH secretion 2)progesterone and relaxin inhibit uterine contractions 3)estrogens cause enlargement of the vagina 4)relaxin helps relax the ligaments of the pelvic joints 5)placental lactogen stimulates development of maternal breasts and mammary glands 1)increased aldsterone - retention of sodium and body fluid. 2)increase PTH - high concentraiton of maternal blood calcium.

Output: Preg9 Name the hormones produced by the placenta, and their function. What other hormonal changes happen in pregnancy?

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: second, eighth placenta, external

Output: Preg10 The embryonic stage extends from the beginning of the _____ week through the ____ week of development. During the embryonic stage, the ____ and the main internal and _____ body structures develop.

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: endoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. THey form from the inner cell mass (the group of cells in the blastocyst stage, near time of implantation, that go to form the offspring)

Output: Preg14 Name the primary germ layers How do they form?

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: 1)ectodermal cells - nervous system, special sensory organs, epidermis, hair,nails, glands of skin, linings of mouth/anal canal 2)mesodermal cells - muscl, bone, bone marrow, blood, blood and lymphatic vessels, connective tissues, internal reproductive organs, kidnesy, epithelial linings of the body cavities 3)endodermal cells - intestines, respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and urethra

Output: Preg15 List the major body parts derived from the primary germ layers.

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: Placental membrane = the epithelium of the chorionic villi and epithelium of the capillaries inside the villi. It separates embryonic blood in the capillaries of a villus from the maternal blood in lacunae. Across this membrane, oxygen and nutrients diffuse FROM MATERNAL blood into fetal blood. Carbon dioxide and other wastes diffuse in FROM FETAL blood into maternal blood.

Output: Preg16 What is the placental membrane made of. What structures does it separate? What happens across the placental membrane?

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: During the blastocyst stage (pre-embryo), cells from the outer blastocyst form a layer of cells called the trophoblast. Another layer of cells develops and lines the trophoblast, called the CHORION. The trophoblast later helps form the placenta. While the placenta forms, around the second week, another membrane called the AMNION envelops the tissues attached to the underside of the embryo. Between the amnion and the embryo, AMNIOTIC FLUID develops.

Output: Preg17 Distinguish between the chorion and amnion.

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: allantois, embryonic, placenta, arteries, veins human

Output: Preg13 Embryonic stage (continued) The _____ extends from the yolk sac into the connecting stalk. The connecting stalk attaches the _____ disc to the developing _____. The allantois gives rise to the umbilical ____ and _____ By the beginning of the eighth week, the embryo is recognizable as ____

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: inner cell, primary germ layers embryonic disc, placenta

Output: Preg11 Embryonic stage (continued) During the embryonic stage, the cells of the ____ ___ mass organize into _____ ____ ____. The ____ ____ becomes cylindrical, and attaches to the developing _____

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: amnion umbilical cord, underside yolk, underside

Output: Preg12 Embryonic stage (continued) a fluid-filled ____ develops around the embryo The _____ ______ forms as the amnion envelops the tissues attached to the ______ of the embryo. The ____ sac forms on the _____ of the embryonic disc.

Anatomy/Physiology Hole 8th edition:ch. 20 pregnancy, growth, and development Flashcards - Cram.com

PREGNANCY, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT Define "Growth" Define "development" Define pregnancy


Input: 1500. The Earth-centered model proposed by Ptolemy was not seriously threatened until Copernicus.

Output: The Geocentric Model was the accepted theory for ______ years.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Heliocentric. The Heliocentric, or Copernican, model places Earth and the other planets in orbit around the sun. This idea was first proposed by Aristarchus, who believed both sun and stars were fixed.

Output: The __________ model reversed its predecessor and placed the sun in the center of the universe.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Aristotle. The Aristotilian view of the universe as a series of finite, interlocking spheres influenced thinking about astronomy for generations.

Output: ________ believed the universe was made of crystal spheres.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Orbited. While the Ptolemic model of the universe has Earth as its center, Ptolemy advanced the idea that planets moved along "little circles within bigger circles."

Output: Ptolemy believed the planets ____________ Earth.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Copernicus. Nicolaus Copernicus revolutionized astronomy with his Heliocentric Model of the universe.

Output: _______ is the founder of modern astronomy.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Copernicus. This observation led to his sun-centered model of the universe.

Output: ________ noted that the stars remained in fixed positions, relative to Earth.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Perfect circles. Because planets actually move along elliptical routes (and because the sun is not the center of the universe), Copernicus' model was inaccurate.

Output: Copernicus believed planets orbited in ____________.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Galileo. Galileo Galilei found evidence of the Copernican or Heliocentric model when he pointed his telescope at the heavens.

Output: _________ first used a telescope to study the sky.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Galileo. In 1609, Galileo first used his telescope to study the stars and planets.

Output: _____________ is the father of modern observational astronomy.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Four. Galileo also recorded images of mountains on the Moon, moon-like phases on Venus, and some of the stars that make up the Milky Way.

Output: Galileo claimed to have seen __ moons orbiting Jupiter.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Venus. Galileo's observations of the phases of Venus proved that it orbited the Sun, not Earth.

Output: Galileo's observations of _________ supported the Heliocentric model.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Galileo. His telescopic observations showed that the Milky Way was a galaxy of stars, not a nebulous dust cloud, as previously assumed.

Output: _____ proved that the Milky Way was made of "tiny stars."

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Galileo. He observed four moons orbiting Jupiter: Callisto, Europa, Io, and Ganymede.

Output: _____ discovered Jupiter's moons.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Kepler. Johannes Kepler discovered that planetary orbits are elliptical.

Output: _______ developed new Laws of Planetary Motion.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Tycho. Tycho Brahe, Kepler's mentor, made many accurate astronomical observations that later formed the basis of Kepler's work.

Output: Kepler's Laws are based on observations made by __________.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Mural quadrant. Quadrants were wedge-shaped devices commonly used in navigation; Tycho used the principle of the navigational quadrant to affix a large, ninety-degree arc to the wall of his observatory.

Output: Tycho Brahe used a ___________ to measure the positions of planets and stars.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Comets. Tycho used the parallax effect to show that comets were outside Earth's atmosphere.

Output: In 1577, Tycho showed that _______ were not part of Earth's atmosphere.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Three. Kepler's Three Laws of Planetary Motion state that planets orbit on ellipses around the Sun, a planet's orbital speed depends on where it is in its ellipse, and the length of time a planet takes to orbit the sun is proportional to the size of its ellipse.

Output: Kepler formulated ____ laws of planetary motion.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.


Input: Elliptical. Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion states that the paths of motion of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus.

Output: According to Kepler, planets orbit the sun in _______ patterns.

DSST Astronomy (Part 1): Brief History of Early Astronomy Flashcards - Cram.com

In the ________________ model, Earth is the center of the universe.