Input: religious orientation

Output: highest area of agreement for happily married couples

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: it makes you not value marriage as much

Output: How divorce affects attitudes toward marriage

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Commitment, Intimacy, Passion

Output: Love triangle and commitment

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: physical attraction

Output: Americans Select partners

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: perceive themselves to be similar to their partners

Output: people with high self esteem or self acceptance

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: are often among couples who are likely to divorce

Output: Very dissimilar people who marry

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: increases the probability to divorce

Output: cohabitation subsequent marriage

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: highest among younger couples of lower economic status who had been drinking

Output: Physical aggression in dating couples

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: permissiveness refers to how physically intimate couples are before marriage

Output: dating and physical relationships

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: increased 10 fold from 500,000 to 5.5 million couples

Output: cohabitation from 1970-2000

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cohabitation before engagement resulted in: lower couple commitment, more negative couple interaction, lower couple satisfaction, lower confidence in the relationship,

Output: cohabitators compared to non cohabitators

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: realistic expectations

Output: Best predictor of marital success

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: have premarital counseling

Output: before marriage couples should

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: blaming one's spouse by denying one's won role in an issue or problem

Output: defensiveness

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: significantly affects the relationship

Output: feedback from premarital inventories

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Output: PREPARE is able to predict what percentage of relationships

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: we take marriage for granted and focus on other things

Output: reason why marriages drift apart

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: new Chance presentations and discussions about parenting

Output: parent education programs

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Output: 1997 estimates to raise a child


Input: high in cohesion, low in flexibility, moody, vulnerable to stress, and often unfriendly

Output: authoritarian parents

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: flexible to chaotic, cohesive to enmeshed, parent allows child's preferences to take priority over their ideals

Output: permissive parents

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: clear rules when discussed with child connect to cohesive, strutted to flexible acknowledged child's perspective, however enforces their standards by reason and power

Output: democratic parenting

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: hitting adolescence increases suicidal thoughts

Output: hitting and suicidal thoughts

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 4 million or 1 out of every 4

Output: Number of young adults living with adult parents

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 77.2 years

Output: life expectancy

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: often alluded to old age, but sometimes linked to life occurrences

Output: depression in older adults

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 3 out of 4 or 75%

Output: % of wives widowed

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: males 74.4 females 79.8

Output: life expectancy for men and women

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: murdered women 30% by husband, ex-husband or boyfriend

Output: killing partners

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: young couples with children

Output: work family strain

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: financial and business strains

Output: childbearing years

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: families with school aged children

Output: financial strain

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: praying: seeking help from pastor, minister or rabbi

Output: spiritual well being

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cognitive resource and involves defining the situation as a challenge that can be conquered rather than denying its problem

Output: reframing

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: more likely to abuse kids 40% greater chance for stepchildren

Output: stepparents and child abuse rates

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 60%-80% in the teen years

Output: highest divorce rate among women

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a crisis in the lives of children who experience it also creates feelings of sadness, regret and anger

Output: divorce and children

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: she did a study on negative impact of divorce on children and concluded that it has a long term effect on children such as depression, underachieving, emotional problems and love relationship problems

Output: Wallerstein Study

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 2/3 of marriages, negative impact on the adult child's development. the offspring psychological distress, few friends, less happy marriages, greater chances for divorce

Output: low conflict divorces and children

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 48% make full payment 26% make partial payment 26$ make no payment

Output: child support payments

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Output: increases 1970-2000 of single African American


Input: 12% to 26%

Output: 1970-2000 increase in female Caucasian single parent

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: commitment to family enjoyable time together ability to manage stress and crisis spiritual well being positive communication apperception and affection

Output: qualities of strong and successful families

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: couple flexibility personality issues communication lea sure activities parenting

Output: difficult time of life and families

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: improves relationships and reduces chances of divorce, 6-8 weeks long and start a year before marriage, most common is the PREPARE program

Output: premarital counseling

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a very useful way to build on intentional family relationship through coordinated actives that have a significant for the family

Output: rituals

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the most problematic issue for couples in a relationship with over 93% of coupes agreeing

Output: leadership equality

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: "Less is more"- Territory division and territory development- yuna did her senior thesis on this topic- She gathered data from area sales managers to proves that over time the sales potential of a territory evolves over time and increases over time with proper sales development- this is reflected in the graph... [Sales Territory]

Output: Yuna Cho

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In year one- the person approaches the account as a cold call- in this year 1 sales potential with this account tends to be relatively low...WE say that the profit maximizing in sales for year 1 only is up to three calls for that year! But a byproduct of proper development of the account in the upward and rightward movement of the S shaped curve to the fact that the sales potential for the account is enhanced- in year 2 the profit maximizing number of sales calls on the account is 5! [Sales Territory]

Output: Graph proving the increase in sales potential with proper sales development...

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The reward that the SP gets for doing such a good job in year 1 is that they get their sales territtory divided because now they've got 5 sales calls to do whereas in year 1 it was only 3--- so, the SP has to give up 107 account to someone else so that he/she can handle the increased amount of sales calls. [Sales Territory]

Output: Sales territory

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: You can give more of your time to the decreased amount of accounts and therefore they receive more and you also receive an increased salary and increased commission rate! [Sales Territory]

Output: What does "less is more" mean to selling?

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 3 [Sales Territory]

Output: How many steps/processes are there for RE-aligning the sales territories?

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: MAP INFO--- geographic addresses in this database- you use this to create sales territories... so you choose the control until that is the 5 digit zipcode [Sales Territory]

Output: Step 1 in RE-aligning the sales territories

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sales managment needs to develop a sales response curve for each and every present and potential customer in the market areas... [Sales Territory]

Output: Step 2 in RE-aligning the sales territories

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sales managers have heuristics (go with your instinct) they use to develop a sales response curve- SM assign accounts to either A, B, or C, status which relates to the amount of time each month you give to the account- (where A- call on them 2 times a month or 24 a year divided by the 800 hours of face to face calling on customers time given in a year, so A accounts are .03 of your time- B is only 1 time a month, or 12 times a year with .015 of your time and C is 1 every other month or 6 times a year with it being .0075 of your time) [Sales Territory]

Output: Step 2 in RE-aligning the sales territories

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: You then continue this process until each SP has 100% of accounts of 100% of work to complete within a year. You then move to a new territory and re-align it! [Sales Territory]

Output: Step 3 in RE-aligning the sales territories

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is a term that was developed to describe what happened in the 19th century- barrick- is a gold mining company that has recently had two huge strikes in western Nevada so it's still going on- Whenever a SP calls upon an account that is assigned to another sales person! Trying ot take an account from another person- the claim that the SP is trying to jump is the annuity flow of sales- what motivates this is firstly an imbalance in workload and secondarily in potential [Sales Territory]

Output: Claim Jumping

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: only pay sales people for sales that are made in their assigned accounts [Sales Territory]

Output: Dealing with Claim Jumping

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: totally planning in advance a SP calling schedule for a week or even for a month... so if it's routed by week then that SP will know exactly where he/she is going to be on WEdnesday at 11pm- Whenever a SP calling activity with a given account are regular and frequent then that SP calling should be routed [Sales Territory]

Output: Routing

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Typically in many firms, particularly those that aren't well run, members of management will tend to perform relatively easy analysis, such as analysis of total company profit and analysis of total company market share- they will perform this anlysis, however they will NOT perform analysis, which are more enlightening called analysis of sales volume by territory, market and product- SM dont' do this because they are difficult and time consuming [Sales Territory]

Output: The Iceberg Principle

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: If management does not do analysis of sales volume by territory, market and product then their companies will run into BIG trouble- they will run into the iceberg that is below the water level- often they go bankrupt [Sales Territory]

Output: Iceberg Principle Issues

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a companies resources (monetary, human resources) should be permitted to flow to wehre profit prospects are greatest -Japan banking industry- was damaged fatally by not following this [Sales Territory]

Output: Fundamental Axiom of Capitalism

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Very wealthy smart business man that W. knows said that the 80/20 rule is the most important [Sales Territory]

Output: 80/20 Rule

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 80% of the companies sales volume and profits will come from 20% of the companies territories, customers and products [Sales Territory]

Output: 80/20 Rule

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Industrial scales- there are 5 product lines, 5 types of customers (1 kind would be manu. customers- buying a lot of counting scales, another would be a convenience stores that has retail scales- cheese, candy, deli meat) and 5 territories - How many little cubes are in that big cube? how many products, customers, and territories combination? 125 little cubes. How many of those little cubes are responsible for 80%of the companies sales volume and profits? 25 little cubes [Sales Territory]

Output: 80/20 Rule Example

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dave Hewitt? The name of W. friend, who is the CEO of Crayola- How does he apply the 80/20 rule? - He follows the fundamental axiom of capitalism, he looks at which of these small cubes are responsible for 80% of companies sales volumes and profits and puts the capital towards these cubes and flods them with resources [Sales Territory]

Output: 80/20 Rule Example Continued

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where you look at the 80% of cubes that are responsible for 20% of the companies sales volume and profits- -"soft spots" authors of the text tell us to: harden soft spots- this is WRONG, this will take money away from your profits- because you've got scarce company resources and you look down into the empty space of 80% of the cubes and you try to shake out these resources to "harden" the "soft spots"... they will have violated the fundamental axiom of capitalism [Sales Territory]

Output: Back ass wards of the 80/20 rule

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: "rounds out"- fills in the crack where analysis of sales volume does not shed light- we say that an individual product rounds out a product line if its presence in the product line makes the entire product line more salable [Sales Territory]

Output: An individual profit that "rounds out" a product line

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A producer of peripheral device for computers names ICS- there's an item that ICS produces and sell sis called a programmable multiplexor an dits presence in a given personal computer configuration enables the different peripheral receives to communicate better with each other- If it weren't present then sales of the other devices would go down [Sales Territory]

Output: Example of a "rounds out" product line

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: YES! because you're putting more money in fewer product lines and it ends up generating more sales and more products [Sales Territory]

Output: Does the concept of less is more apply to the 80/20 rule?

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: comes up with an analysis of the sales volume- analysis of sales by sales person is the same as analysis of the sales volume of territory--- Some will make mistakes and publicize the results and make SP want to quit due to being ridiculed in public- this should not happen- it should be discussed in private. [Sales Territory]

Output: Human relations problem

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cost------> Volume - WHat is the bottom line is that of slaes volume-all kinds of factors non-price factors influence sales volume-personnel selling activity - Cost drives sales volume- how? by way of price -In a competitive environment reductions in cost influences sales volume positively- it will drive sales volume up- by way of price -reductions sin price drive sales volume up -but you've got to have a competitive environment [Sales Territory]

Output: Marketing Cost Analysis (MCA)

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Volume-----> Cost -Has as bottom line-production costs -One thing that drive cost is sales volumes -Example: ITG, owned by WIlber Ross- you've got 2 production runs, 1000 run and 100,000 run- set up costs: $1,000 where 1,000 yards suc/yd=$1. and 100,000 yards suc/yd=$.01 -So you se that volume drives costs- where by producing 100,000 yards vs. 1,000 yards you save $.99 [Sales Territory]

Output: Production Costs Accountant (PCA)

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: looking at accounting ledger [Sales Territory]

Output: 1st way to analyze marketing costs

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -look at those ledger expenses and regroup them into marketing activity functions -Personnel selling, advertising= marketing activity -we claim warehousing, shipping and order processing expenses in marketing: because everything flows from analysis of ultimate customer needs- how much will customers be willing to pay for a very fast response to changing customer needs- if they're willing to pay a lot then the company is advised to have many man warehouses! People on the 4th floor will contest this the entire way [Sales Territory]

Output: 2nd way to analyze marketing costs

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Operating expenses -sales force travel- in example $372 when we allocate these to marketing activities, this is an easy allocating because all of these expenses will go directly into the personnel selling function -supplies- through marketing activities- this is a foul ball- because there is no direct metod for allocating supplies to marketing activities- nobody for example is going to take every pencil, paper clip, legal pad and sit there at the "admin" machine to try to allocate costs directly to advertising, personnel selling, etc. It costs too much to do this! so instead of a direct allocation of this supplies- WE're going to develop a heuristic for indirectly apportioning supplies to marketing activities [Sales Territory]

Output: 2nd way to analyze marketing costs continued

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Heuristic development comes from experience -how do we allocate the supplies across marketing activities? -first we think about supplies- who uses the supplies a lot? members of management? secretaries & clerks? -to allocate supplies to direct non-managerial personnel (secretaries & clerks) costs in each activity center [Sales Territory]

Output: 2nd way to analyze marketing costs continued- heuristic

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: SImilar kinds of cost allocations- direct and indirect -Example:allocate sales force travel expenses to product lines -It's virtually impossible to exactly and directly allocate SFTE to product lines! It can't be done. So you develop a heuristic (rule of thumb) for allocating SFTE to product lines -Look at the concept of call reports! That sales people write up on what happened on outside sales calls -Salesforce.com can be used to gather this information automatically! this overall initiative is called sales force automations [Sales Territory]

Output: 3rd way to analyze marketing costs

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: # calls concerning product A ----------------------------------------- total $ sales = R^A= .04 -We find that in 400 of these calls out of 10,000 calls product A was memtioned so we've got 400/10,000=the number of calls concerning number A divided by the 10,000 sales calls -Sales force travel expense in book= $372,000 x .04= $14,880 allocated to product line A [Sales Territory]

Output: Heuristic for allocating SFTE to product lines

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: If you are not covering variable costs (contribution margin) then your business needs to be shut down -If you are covering variable costs but not all fixed costs, then the company has a little more time- so that management can think of the best course of action - [Sales Territory]

Output: Costs

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: nets out just variable costs (direct costs) [Sales Territory]

Output: Contribution Profit Margin

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: nets out both variable and allocated fixed costs (indirect and direct) [Sales Territory]

Output: Fully Costed Profit Measure

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sales person is not covering slaes costs- then either the sales territory needs to be closed or the sales person needs to be fired or BOTH [Sales Territory]

Output: Negative contribution margin figure then....

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Allocate fixed costs in direct proportion in sales volumes achieved by the regions- A great majority of manager's pay is incentive pay that is directly related to the shape of sales volume or the profitability of the profit center (where each region is a profit center) -That is a problem... there's no defensible method of indirectly apportioning fixed costs across regions- the only way to actually deal with this is to have the incentive pay of regional mangers be a function of their contribution margin profitability rather than their fully costed profits [Sales Territory]

Output: Ethical Dilemma- What happens when there are ethical problem regarding cost allocations for regional managers when these regional managers incentive pay is influence by cost allocations?

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sales= (days worked) X (call rate=calls/days worked) X (batting average= # orders/# calls) X (average order size sales/ # orders) This equation comes in handy with people who are older and are using excuses as to why they are just not doing their work, like they have a crappy territory- you can then use this equation and find out that their excuses are BS batting average and average order size are important [Sales Territory]

Output: Sales Rep Performance

Marketing 327- Exam 3 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [continuous variation] cross

Output: In genetics, the mating of two organisms.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] dominant

Output: Applies to an allele with an effect that is visible in a heterozygote even if only one copy of the allele is present in the individual.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] genetic variation

Output: All of the forms of genes, and the distribution of these forms, found within a species.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] genotype

Output: Genetic composition of an individual. For a given trait, the list of both alleles present in the individual without respect to which physical or physiological trait predominates.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] heritability

Output: The amount of variation for a trait in a population that can be explained by differences in genes among individuals.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] heterozygous

Output: Genotype consisting of two different alleles for a gene.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] homozygous

Output: Genotype consisting of two copies of the same allele of a gene.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] independent assortment

Output: The separation of homologous pairs of chromosomes into gametes independently of one another during meiosis.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] natural experiments

Output: Situations with unique circumstances that allow a hypothesis test without prior intervention by researchers.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] phenotype

Output: Physical and physiological traits of an individual.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] polygenic traits

Output: Heritable traits influenced by many genes.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] Punnett square

Output: Table that lists the different kinds of sperm or eggs parents can produce relative to the gene or genes in question and predicts the possible outcomes of a cross between these parents.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] quantitative traits

Output: Heritable traits that have many possible values, such as height or eye color.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] random fertilization

Output: The unpredictability of exactly which gametes will fuse during the process of sexual reproduction.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] recessive

Output: Applies to an allele with an effect that is not visible in a heterozygote.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [continuous variation] segregation

Output: Separation of pairs of alleles during the production of gametes. Results in a 50% probability that a given gamete contains one allele rather than the other.

Terms for Lecture 19 Human Biology Flashcards - Cram.com

A range of slightly different values for a trait in a population, as seen in height or eye color.


Input: [cognitive modifications] cognitive insight therapies [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: influence of past events on current functioning

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] behavioral therapies [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: use of imagery to bring about change

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] behavioral modifications [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: training procedures w/o mediation

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] active insight [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: increase awareness of influence of current feelings on attitudes/behaviors

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Identify Problem Clearly Review relevant codes Seek Consultation Brainstorm List Consequences Decide [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Steps for Making Ethical Decisions

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] voluntary disclosure [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: breeching confidentiality to a 3rd party b/c client allowed you to

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] non-voluntary disclosure [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: breeching confidentiality to 3rd party w/o client's permission

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] privilege [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: holds practitioner immune to disclosure

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Confidentiality Informed Concent Right to know Conflicts of Interest Professional Relationships [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Ethical Issues

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Discuss with client Make sure client understands consequences Specify EXACTLY what is being disclosed and to whom in WRITING Show to client before releasing information [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Steps for Disclosing Information w/ Client Consent

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Discuss threat process w/ client Seek Consultation Seek legal consultation Error on side of safety Document Every Step in Writing Warn client of legal constratins of confidentiality Always act in good faith/follow guidelines [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Client Threat Process

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Informed Consent [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: professional responsibility to inform clients about therapy/treatment and getting consent from person/guardian

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Theoretical Orientation Types of techniques/treatment How different Professional Background Limitations of Practice Guidelines of Practice Right to Terminate at Anytime [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Inform the client of...

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Client-Therapist Conflict of Interest [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: leads to possibility of exploitation of client - any relationship w/ client outside of treatment

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Client-3rd party Conflict of interest [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: conflict between clients and someone else involved with client

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Client-Client Conflict of Interest [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: when thereapist is in simultaneous relationship with more than one client

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Right to Know [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: client's right to a careful explanation of the therapists perceptions of their problems and functioning shared in a way they can understand and that are therapeutic and not damaging

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Malpractice [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: faiture to provide proper service through ignorance or negligence which results in injur or loss to client

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] A - beneficence and Nonmaleficence (do no harm) B- fidelity and responsibility (promote trust) C- Integrity - promote honesty D- Justice - protect client agains bias E - repsect for people's rights and dignity [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Principles of Ethics

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] psychoanalysis [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: stresses role of unconscious and its functioning in psychic life uses free association and relies on transference and resistance

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Psychic Determinism [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: belief that every psychic event you experience is determeind by ones that preceeded it; unconscious forces can be brought to consciousness and controlled

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Eros [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Life Instinct whose energy is Libido sriving for life and to become whole; founding behaivor for our reproduction

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Thanatos [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Death instinct whose energy is aggression and repitition compusion

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Libido [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: sexual life energy that drives the ID

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Conscious [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: things you are currently aware of - constantly changing

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Preconscious [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Long term memory that influences behavior - can be retrieved if desired

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Subconscious [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: unaware of but influential of behavior - primariy personality component

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Unconscious [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: thoughts/memories that are too painful to keep in mind; what really drives us

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] ID [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: ruled by pleasure principle; concerned with drive satisfaction

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] EGO [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: ruled by reality principle; controls and channels ID; rational thought

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Superego [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: balance between ID and Ego; morals - like conscience

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] oral stage [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: pleasure through oral mechanisms; 0-1 yr

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] anal stage [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: control over biological processes; pleasure through excretion of waste

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] phallic stage [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: libidinal energy focused on genitals; pleasure through genital stimulation; become aware of gender

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] latency stage [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: energy is focused on social environment

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] genital stage [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: sexual energy reoccur outside of family

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Phsiological growth Frustration COnflicts Threats [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Four sources of Tension (psychoanalytic theory)

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Identifications Displacement Sublimation Anxiety and Defenses [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Four ways to deal with Reducing Tension

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] denial [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: refusing to accept that the feeling is present or that the event occurred very primitive!

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] sublimation [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: redirecting anxiety causing impulses into socially acceptable actions most mature

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] regression [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: reverting to the confort of behaviors of an earlier stage of development in order to cope

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] reaction formation [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: taking actions opposite to one's feelings in order to deny relatiy of the feelings

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] repression [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: relegating anxiety-causng througths to the unconscious, refusing to think abuot them

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] displacement [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: substituting a less threatening object for the subject of the hostile or sexual impuse

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] rationalization [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: creating intellectually acceptable arguments for thoughts or behaviors to hid actual anxiety causing impulses

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] projection [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: attributing one's undesirable traits or actions so they become the problem instead of you

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Results from making unconscious conscious Adops problem solving approach Emphasis on affective behavior Working through transference and resistance therapist-patient relationship [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Change Process according to Psychoanalytic Theory (5)

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] transference [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: the sum total of the emotional relationship between patient and therapist

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] resistance [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: everything that works against the progress of therapy

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Establish Relationship Analytic Honeymoon First Therapeutic Crisis Deepening of Therapy Working through Transference Termination [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Main Stages of Therapy for Analysand

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] manifest content [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: what client reports of dream/conscious dream

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] latent content [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: real meaning of dream; analyzed and interpreted by analyst

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Psycho-Imagination [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: guided imagery; allowing imagination to flow freely allowing for telling of stories and events

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Cathartic Techniques [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: techniques used to get you feeling/experiencing emotinos -- leads to unconscious process

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] clarification of feeling Interpretations (to make unconscious conscious) Catharsis Realtiy Testing Clarificatino of Feelings [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Goals of Analyst

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] catharsis [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: re-experiencing emotions/feeings associated with past experienes/events

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] reality testing [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: particular behavior/thoughts in which clients begin to pay attention to views of the world and eventually come to see their view of reality as being distorted

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Lifestyle Convictions [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: beliefs you come to hold about yourself and the world emphasis on individual perception resulting from a unique cognitive organization (categories that make up phenomenological field)

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Self Concept Self Ideal Weltbild Ethical Convictions [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: 4 Categories of Phenomenological Field

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] self concept [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Who Am I? - comes from interactinos early in life w/ significant others

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] self-ideal [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: what should i be? - who we need to be to get acceptance from others

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] weltbild [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: what world expects you to be - things that are Not us

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] ethical convictions [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: sense of what's right/wrong

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Self-Concept vs Self-Ideal Self-Concept vs Weltbild Self-Concept vs Ethical Convictioons [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: conflicts/discrepancies of convictions

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Self-Concept vs Self-Ideal [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: results in feelings of INFERIORITY

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Self-Concept vs Weltbild [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: results in feelings of INADEQUACY

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Self-Concept vs Ethical Convictioons [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: results in feelings of GUILT

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] society [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Life task in which we have a need to feel as though we are being socially contributive or "giving back"

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Work [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Life task in which we are concerend with others work

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Sex [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Life task in which we have a need to understand and connect to the opposite gender

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Self-Acceptance [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Life task in which we have a need to be less judgemental of ourselves and accept what we are and embrace differences

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] spirituality [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Life Task in which we have a need to be aware of and sense our connectiveness as a whole person; a sens of smallness in the grand scheme of things

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Fictional Finalisms [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: belief about world where we tak in what we think are truths and incorporate them into the world (gives us direction) imagined essential aols that give direction

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Establish Relationship Uncover Dynamics Insight through Interpretation Reorientation [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Therapy Process of Individula Therapy

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Goal of Individual Therapy [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: to liberate patients social interest; by changing faulty values, analyzing lifestyle and life tasks, identifying basic mistakes

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] immediacy (technique of adlerian therapy) [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: using what happened in sessions as miniature to person's life - focus on immediate impact

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Immediacy Finding positive in every situation to instill hope Exaggeration (distort peoples percetpions) Acting in the way we want to be in life Puprosely pointing out reason for behavior Helping client to recognize own faulty thoughts [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Techniques of Adlerian Therapy

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Foster Social interest Decrease Feelings of inferiority Change in lifestyle Change in faulty motivation Encourage feelings of equality Become contributive [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Steps of Adlerian Therapy

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [cognitive modifications] Overgeneralization False/Impossible Goals of security Mispercetpions of lifes demands Minimization Faulty Values [emphasize verbal mediation]

Output: Basic Mistaks in Adlerian Therapy

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] influence of past events on current functioning [cognitive modifications]

Output: cognitive insight therapies

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] use of imagery to bring about change [cognitive modifications]

Output: behavioral therapies

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] training procedures w/o mediation [cognitive modifications]

Output: behavioral modifications

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] increase awareness of influence of current feelings on attitudes/behaviors [cognitive modifications]

Output: active insight

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Steps for Making Ethical Decisions [cognitive modifications]

Output: Identify Problem Clearly Review relevant codes Seek Consultation Brainstorm List Consequences Decide

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] breeching confidentiality to a 3rd party b/c client allowed you to [cognitive modifications]

Output: voluntary disclosure

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] breeching confidentiality to 3rd party w/o client's permission [cognitive modifications]

Output: non-voluntary disclosure

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] holds practitioner immune to disclosure [cognitive modifications]

Output: privilege

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Ethical Issues [cognitive modifications]

Output: Confidentiality Informed Concent Right to know Conflicts of Interest Professional Relationships

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Steps for Disclosing Information w/ Client Consent [cognitive modifications]

Output: Discuss with client Make sure client understands consequences Specify EXACTLY what is being disclosed and to whom in WRITING Show to client before releasing information

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Client Threat Process [cognitive modifications]

Output: Discuss threat process w/ client Seek Consultation Seek legal consultation Error on side of safety Document Every Step in Writing Warn client of legal constratins of confidentiality Always act in good faith/follow guidelines

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] professional responsibility to inform clients about therapy/treatment and getting consent from person/guardian [cognitive modifications]

Output: Informed Consent

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Inform the client of... [cognitive modifications]

Output: Theoretical Orientation Types of techniques/treatment How different Professional Background Limitations of Practice Guidelines of Practice Right to Terminate at Anytime

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] leads to possibility of exploitation of client - any relationship w/ client outside of treatment [cognitive modifications]

Output: Client-Therapist Conflict of Interest

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] conflict between clients and someone else involved with client [cognitive modifications]

Output: Client-3rd party Conflict of interest

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] when thereapist is in simultaneous relationship with more than one client [cognitive modifications]

Output: Client-Client Conflict of Interest

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] client's right to a careful explanation of the therapists perceptions of their problems and functioning shared in a way they can understand and that are therapeutic and not damaging [cognitive modifications]

Output: Right to Know

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] faiture to provide proper service through ignorance or negligence which results in injur or loss to client [cognitive modifications]

Output: Malpractice

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Principles of Ethics [cognitive modifications]

Output: A - beneficence and Nonmaleficence (do no harm) B- fidelity and responsibility (promote trust) C- Integrity - promote honesty D- Justice - protect client agains bias E - repsect for people's rights and dignity

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] stresses role of unconscious and its functioning in psychic life uses free association and relies on transference and resistance [cognitive modifications]

Output: psychoanalysis

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] belief that every psychic event you experience is determeind by ones that preceeded it; unconscious forces can be brought to consciousness and controlled [cognitive modifications]

Output: Psychic Determinism

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Life Instinct whose energy is Libido sriving for life and to become whole; founding behaivor for our reproduction [cognitive modifications]

Output: Eros

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Death instinct whose energy is aggression and repitition compusion [cognitive modifications]

Output: Thanatos

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] sexual life energy that drives the ID [cognitive modifications]

Output: Libido

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] things you are currently aware of - constantly changing [cognitive modifications]

Output: Conscious

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Long term memory that influences behavior - can be retrieved if desired [cognitive modifications]

Output: Preconscious

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] unaware of but influential of behavior - primariy personality component [cognitive modifications]

Output: Subconscious

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] thoughts/memories that are too painful to keep in mind; what really drives us [cognitive modifications]

Output: Unconscious

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] ruled by pleasure principle; concerned with drive satisfaction [cognitive modifications]

Output: ID

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] ruled by reality principle; controls and channels ID; rational thought [cognitive modifications]

Output: EGO

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] balance between ID and Ego; morals - like conscience [cognitive modifications]

Output: Superego

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] pleasure through oral mechanisms; 0-1 yr [cognitive modifications]

Output: oral stage

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] control over biological processes; pleasure through excretion of waste [cognitive modifications]

Output: anal stage

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] libidinal energy focused on genitals; pleasure through genital stimulation; become aware of gender [cognitive modifications]

Output: phallic stage

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] energy is focused on social environment [cognitive modifications]

Output: latency stage

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] sexual energy reoccur outside of family [cognitive modifications]

Output: genital stage

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Four sources of Tension (psychoanalytic theory) [cognitive modifications]

Output: Phsiological growth Frustration COnflicts Threats

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Four ways to deal with Reducing Tension [cognitive modifications]

Output: Identifications Displacement Sublimation Anxiety and Defenses

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] refusing to accept that the feeling is present or that the event occurred very primitive! [cognitive modifications]

Output: denial

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] redirecting anxiety causing impulses into socially acceptable actions most mature [cognitive modifications]

Output: sublimation

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] reverting to the confort of behaviors of an earlier stage of development in order to cope [cognitive modifications]

Output: regression

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] taking actions opposite to one's feelings in order to deny relatiy of the feelings [cognitive modifications]

Output: reaction formation

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] relegating anxiety-causng througths to the unconscious, refusing to think abuot them [cognitive modifications]

Output: repression

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] substituting a less threatening object for the subject of the hostile or sexual impuse [cognitive modifications]

Output: displacement

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] creating intellectually acceptable arguments for thoughts or behaviors to hid actual anxiety causing impulses [cognitive modifications]

Output: rationalization

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] attributing one's undesirable traits or actions so they become the problem instead of you [cognitive modifications]

Output: projection

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Change Process according to Psychoanalytic Theory (5) [cognitive modifications]

Output: Results from making unconscious conscious Adops problem solving approach Emphasis on affective behavior Working through transference and resistance therapist-patient relationship

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] the sum total of the emotional relationship between patient and therapist [cognitive modifications]

Output: transference

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] everything that works against the progress of therapy [cognitive modifications]

Output: resistance

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Main Stages of Therapy for Analysand [cognitive modifications]

Output: Establish Relationship Analytic Honeymoon First Therapeutic Crisis Deepening of Therapy Working through Transference Termination

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] what client reports of dream/conscious dream [cognitive modifications]

Output: manifest content

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] real meaning of dream; analyzed and interpreted by analyst [cognitive modifications]

Output: latent content

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] guided imagery; allowing imagination to flow freely allowing for telling of stories and events [cognitive modifications]

Output: Psycho-Imagination

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] techniques used to get you feeling/experiencing emotinos -- leads to unconscious process [cognitive modifications]

Output: Cathartic Techniques

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Goals of Analyst [cognitive modifications]

Output: clarification of feeling Interpretations (to make unconscious conscious) Catharsis Realtiy Testing Clarificatino of Feelings

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] re-experiencing emotions/feeings associated with past experienes/events [cognitive modifications]

Output: catharsis

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] particular behavior/thoughts in which clients begin to pay attention to views of the world and eventually come to see their view of reality as being distorted [cognitive modifications]

Output: reality testing

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] beliefs you come to hold about yourself and the world emphasis on individual perception resulting from a unique cognitive organization (categories that make up phenomenological field) [cognitive modifications]

Output: Lifestyle Convictions

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] 4 Categories of Phenomenological Field [cognitive modifications]

Output: Self Concept Self Ideal Weltbild Ethical Convictions

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Who Am I? - comes from interactinos early in life w/ significant others [cognitive modifications]

Output: self concept

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] what should i be? - who we need to be to get acceptance from others [cognitive modifications]

Output: self-ideal

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] what world expects you to be - things that are Not us [cognitive modifications]

Output: weltbild

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] sense of what's right/wrong [cognitive modifications]

Output: ethical convictions

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] conflicts/discrepancies of convictions [cognitive modifications]

Output: Self-Concept vs Self-Ideal Self-Concept vs Weltbild Self-Concept vs Ethical Convictioons

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] results in feelings of INFERIORITY [cognitive modifications]

Output: Self-Concept vs Self-Ideal

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] results in feelings of INADEQUACY [cognitive modifications]

Output: Self-Concept vs Weltbild

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] results in feelings of GUILT [cognitive modifications]

Output: Self-Concept vs Ethical Convictioons

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Life task in which we have a need to feel as though we are being socially contributive or "giving back" [cognitive modifications]

Output: society

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Life task in which we are concerend with others work [cognitive modifications]

Output: Work

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Life task in which we have a need to understand and connect to the opposite gender [cognitive modifications]

Output: Sex

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Life task in which we have a need to be less judgemental of ourselves and accept what we are and embrace differences [cognitive modifications]

Output: Self-Acceptance

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Life Task in which we have a need to be aware of and sense our connectiveness as a whole person; a sens of smallness in the grand scheme of things [cognitive modifications]

Output: spirituality

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] belief about world where we tak in what we think are truths and incorporate them into the world (gives us direction) imagined essential aols that give direction [cognitive modifications]

Output: Fictional Finalisms

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Therapy Process of Individula Therapy [cognitive modifications]

Output: Establish Relationship Uncover Dynamics Insight through Interpretation Reorientation

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] to liberate patients social interest; by changing faulty values, analyzing lifestyle and life tasks, identifying basic mistakes [cognitive modifications]

Output: Goal of Individual Therapy

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] using what happened in sessions as miniature to person's life - focus on immediate impact [cognitive modifications]

Output: immediacy (technique of adlerian therapy)

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Techniques of Adlerian Therapy [cognitive modifications]

Output: Immediacy Finding positive in every situation to instill hope Exaggeration (distort peoples percetpions) Acting in the way we want to be in life Puprosely pointing out reason for behavior Helping client to recognize own faulty thoughts

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Steps of Adlerian Therapy [cognitive modifications]

Output: Foster Social interest Decrease Feelings of inferiority Change in lifestyle Change in faulty motivation Encourage feelings of equality Become contributive

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [emphasize verbal mediation] Basic Mistaks in Adlerian Therapy [cognitive modifications]

Output: Overgeneralization False/Impossible Goals of security Mispercetpions of lifes demands Minimization Faulty Values

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [demand curve] substitution effect

Output: - as the price of one good goes up, people substitute another good for it - causes the downward slope because increase in price = decrease in purchases

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] income effect

Output: - people still buy the good (no substitution), but they cannot buy as much since their income can only support a certain amount

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] change in quantity demanded

Output: - movement along the curve - caused by a change in price ONLY

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] change in demand

Output: - shift of the entire demand curve - caused by anything EXCEPT for price

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] normal good

Output: - as income increases, they buy more of this good

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] inferior good

Output: - as income increases, they buy less of this good

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] buyer's reservation price

Output: - the maximum a buyer will pay for a certain quantity of a good

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] supply curve

Output: - shows the quantity of goods that sellers are able to sell and wish to sell at each possible price - a seller's reservation price at every quantity

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] change in quantity supplied

Output: - movement along the curve - change occurs because of price ONLY

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] change in supply

Output: - shift in the supply curve - caused by anything EXCEPT for price

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] seller's reservation price

Output: - the lowest price they are willing to sell a quantity of goods for

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] buyer's surplus

Output: - the difference between the buyer's reservation price and the market price

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] seller's surplus

Output: - the difference between the market price and the seller's reservation price

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: [demand curve] total surplus

Output: - the difference between the buyer's and the seller's reservation prices

Intro to Macroeconomics Chapter 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

- shows the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy and are able to buy at each price - a buyer's reservation price at every quantity


Input: Fatuous love lacks

Output: Intimacy

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Strongest Love Relationship

Output: Consummate Love

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: highest area of agreement for happily married couples

Output: religious orientation

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How divorce affects attitudes toward marriage

Output: it makes you not value marriage as much

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Love triangle and commitment

Output: Commitment, Intimacy, Passion

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Americans Select partners

Output: physical attraction

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: people with high self esteem or self acceptance

Output: perceive themselves to be similar to their partners

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Very dissimilar people who marry

Output: are often among couples who are likely to divorce

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cohabitation subsequent marriage

Output: increases the probability to divorce

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Physical aggression in dating couples

Output: highest among younger couples of lower economic status who had been drinking

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: dating and physical relationships

Output: permissiveness refers to how physically intimate couples are before marriage

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cohabitation from 1970-2000

Output: increased 10 fold from 500,000 to 5.5 million couples

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cohabitators compared to non cohabitators

Output: Cohabitation before engagement resulted in: lower couple commitment, more negative couple interaction, lower couple satisfaction, lower confidence in the relationship,

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Best predictor of marital success

Output: realistic expectations

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: before marriage couples should

Output: have premarital counseling

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: defensiveness

Output: blaming one's spouse by denying one's won role in an issue or problem

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: feedback from premarital inventories

Output: significantly affects the relationship

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: PREPARE is able to predict what percentage of relationships

Output: 80%-85%

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: reason why marriages drift apart

Output: we take marriage for granted and focus on other things

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: parent education programs

Output: new Chance presentations and discussions about parenting

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1997 estimates to raise a child

Output: $178,590

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: authoritarian parents

Output: high in cohesion, low in flexibility, moody, vulnerable to stress, and often unfriendly

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: permissive parents

Output: flexible to chaotic, cohesive to enmeshed, parent allows child's preferences to take priority over their ideals

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: democratic parenting

Output: clear rules when discussed with child connect to cohesive, strutted to flexible acknowledged child's perspective, however enforces their standards by reason and power

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: hitting and suicidal thoughts

Output: hitting adolescence increases suicidal thoughts

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Number of young adults living with adult parents

Output: 4 million or 1 out of every 4

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: life expectancy

Output: 77.2 years

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: depression in older adults

Output: often alluded to old age, but sometimes linked to life occurrences

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: % of wives widowed

Output: 3 out of 4 or 75%

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: life expectancy for men and women

Output: males 74.4 females 79.8

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: killing partners

Output: murdered women 30% by husband, ex-husband or boyfriend

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: work family strain

Output: young couples with children

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: childbearing years

Output: financial and business strains

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: financial strain

Output: families with school aged children

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: spiritual well being

Output: praying: seeking help from pastor, minister or rabbi

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: reframing

Output: cognitive resource and involves defining the situation as a challenge that can be conquered rather than denying its problem


Input: stepparents and child abuse rates

Output: more likely to abuse kids 40% greater chance for stepchildren

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: highest divorce rate among women

Output: 60%-80% in the teen years

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: divorce and children

Output: a crisis in the lives of children who experience it also creates feelings of sadness, regret and anger

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Wallerstein Study

Output: she did a study on negative impact of divorce on children and concluded that it has a long term effect on children such as depression, underachieving, emotional problems and love relationship problems

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: low conflict divorces and children

Output: 2/3 of marriages, negative impact on the adult child's development. the offspring psychological distress, few friends, less happy marriages, greater chances for divorce

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: child support payments

Output: 48% make full payment 26% make partial payment 26$ make no payment

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: increases 1970-2000 of single African American

Output: 64%

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1970-2000 increase in female Caucasian single parent

Output: 12% to 26%

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: qualities of strong and successful families

Output: commitment to family enjoyable time together ability to manage stress and crisis spiritual well being positive communication apperception and affection

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: difficult time of life and families

Output: couple flexibility personality issues communication lea sure activities parenting

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: premarital counseling

Output: improves relationships and reduces chances of divorce, 6-8 weeks long and start a year before marriage, most common is the PREPARE program

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: rituals

Output: a very useful way to build on intentional family relationship through coordinated actives that have a significant for the family


Input: leadership equality

Output: the most problematic issue for couples in a relationship with over 93% of coupes agreeing

Marriage and Family Final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Epilepsy [2]

Output: A brain disorder characterized by transient but recurrent seizures. These seizures may or may not be associated with impairment or loss of consciousness and abnormal movements or behavior.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Seizure [2]

Output: A sudden, excessive and highly synchronous discharge of neurons in the central nervous system that results in changes in perception, sensation, and/or behavior.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Status Epilepticus: [2]

Output: A prolonged seizure (usually defined as lasting longer than 30 minutes) or a series of repeated seizures; a continuous state of seizure activity.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hippocrates: [2]

Output: Correctly asserted that epilepsy (the Sacred Disease) is a natural disease that originates in the brain rather than a curse from the Gods. Also maintained that people with epilepsy did not hold prophetic powers. Incorrectly believed that epilepsy was caused by a surplus of cold phlegm from the brain flowing down into the warm blood of the body.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Galen: [2]

Output: First to formally note that some epileptic seizures are preceded by an ‘aura’ or specific sensation of which only the patient is aware. Incorrectly believed that some epileptic seizures can originate in the body and spread to the brain.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Alexandros of Tralleis [2]

Output: Correctly noted that alcohol can increase the risk of having a seizure, however incorrectly believed that herbal remedies would provide an effective cure for epilepsy.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Renaissance Period [2]

Output: A more scientific approach to the study of epilepsy begins, leading to a decreased emphasis on faith based or superstitious explanations of the disorder. This welcome change shortly followed a 1494 handbook on witch hunting that identified seizures as a means of identifying witches. This handbook contributed to the torture and execution of some 200,000 women.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Samuel Auguste Tissot [2]

Output: writes his Treatis on Epilepsy or the Falling Sickness (1771). Suggested a clear differentiation between idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsy.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] John Hughlings Jackson [2]

Output: Realized that some forms of seizures do not involve loss of consciousness. This was the first formal identification of what are now called partial (or focal seizures). He also noted partial seizures that progressed to generalized seizures (involving whole body convulsions and loss consciousness). This is sometimes called a Jacksonian march.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Victor Horsley [2]

Output: Cured a patient with focal motor seizures by resecting the cortex adjacent to a depressed skull fracture.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hans Berger [2]

Output: Invented the electroencephalogram (EEG, ~1929) and conclusively demonstrated the presence of fluctuating electrical potentials in the human brain.

Epilepsy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Acetic acid is derived from __ via fermentation

Output: ethanol

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] acid or base what are CA's?

Output: acid

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] When a CA does give away a proton, the leftover electrons are resonated b/w ___ atoms

Output: two oxygen

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] CA has a hydrogen bond ___ and ___ in the same functional group, leading to ____ intermolecular forces and ___ B.P.'s

Output: donor, acceptor, large, high

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] The carbonyl carbon is ____

Output: electropositive *so it makes it a great electrophile

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] CA's have the ___ priority in nomenclature

Output: highest

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] t or f CA's occur widely in nature and are synthesized by all living organisims

Output: t

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] CA's are always named by adding the suffix...

Output: -oic acid

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What are the common and IUPAC names of the first 3 carboxylic acids?

Output: methanoic acid => formic acid ethanoic acid => acetic acid propanoic acid => propionic acid

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Cyclic carboxylic acis are usually names as what?

Output: cycloalkane CA's

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Salts of CA's are named beginning with the ___, followed by the ____.

Output: cation, name of the acid with the ending -ate Ex) Sodium hexanoate

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What is a dicarboxylic acid?

Output: Molecules with two carboxyl groups on the same molecule

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What are the first 6 straight chain terminal dicarboxylic acids?

Output: oxalic malonic succinic glutaric adipic pimelic

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] polar or non polar What are CA's?

Output: polar

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Can CA's form hydrogen bonds with each other?

Output: yes

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] As a result of hydrogen bonding CA's can form what?

Output: dimers

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Define dimers?

Output: pairs of molecules connected by two hydrogen bonds

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Multiple hydrogen bonds ___ the boiling and melting point of CA's

Output: elevate

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] BP ___ with increasing MW

Output: increase

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] CA's acidity is due to what?

Output: resonance stabilization of the carboxylate anion

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What happens when the hydroxyl proton dissociates from the acid?

Output: The negative charge left on the carboxylate group is delocalized b/w the two oxygen atoms

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Name 2 ways to stabilize the negative charge to increase acidity:

Output: 1. electron withdrawing groups (halides) 2. groups that allow more resonance stabilization (benzyl or allyl)

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] How does electron withdrawing groups influence acidity?

Output: Absorbs the negative charge and increases acidity

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] How does electron donating groups influence acidity?

Output: Donates additional electron density and destabilizes the negative charge, making the compound less acidic

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] In dicarboxylic acids, one -COOH group influences the other, making the compound what?

Output: more acidic

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Beta-dicarboxylic acids are notable for what?

Output: high acidity of the alpha-hydrogens located on the carbon b/w the two carboxyl groups

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] CA's are the most ___.

Output: oxidized

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] CA's can be prepared via oxidation of...

Output: aldehydes, primary alcohols, and certain alkylbenzenes

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What oxidant is normally used to oxidize CA's?

Output: KMnO4

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Why can't secondary and tertiary alcohols be oxidized to carboxylic acids?

Output: B/c of valence limitations

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Organometallic reagents react with ___ to form ___.

Output: CO2, CA's

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Give an example of an organometallic reagent

Output: Grignard reagents

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Carboxylation of organometallic reagents is useful for the conversion of ___ alkyl halides into CA's

Output: tertiary

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Carboxylation of organometallic reagents adds ___ carbon atom to the chain

Output: one

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Nitriles are also called what?

Output: cyanides

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] HYDROLYSIS OF NITRILES The cyanide anion carries the ___ charge on the ___ atom, making it a great ___, but not a great ___.

Output: negative, carbon, nucleophile, base

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] HYDROLYSIS OF NITRILES The cyanide anion will displace __ and ___ halides in a typical SN2 fasion

Output: primary and

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] HYDROLYSIS OF NITRILES Nitriles can be hydrolyzed under either __ or __ conditions

Output: acidic, basic

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] HYDROLYSIS OF NITRILES This reaction allows for the conversion of ___ into ___.

Output: alkyl halides, CA's

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] HYDROLYSIS OF NITRILES As in the carboxylation reaction, an additional __ is introduced into the chain

Output: carbon

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What do long chain carboxylic acids form when they react with sodium or potassium hydroxide?

Output: salt

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] How do you make soap?

Output: by mixing fat (triglycerides) with lye (sodium hydroxide)

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Why can salts solvate nonpolar organic compounds in aqueous solutions?

Output: They possess both a nonpolar tail and polar carboxylate head

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Define micelles

Output: soap molecules that arrange themselves in spherical structures

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] SOAP FORMATION The ___ face outward, where they can be solubilized by water, the ___ are oriented inward where it is protected

Output: polar heads, nonpolar hydrocarbon chains

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Many of the reactions in which CA's participate proceed via a single mechanism called what?

Output: nucleophilic acyl substitution

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Nucleophilic acyl substitution is similary to...

Output: nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Carboxylic acids and esters can only be reduced by __ and not the less reactive ___.

Output: LiAlH4, NaBH4

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] most or least CA's occupy the ___ oxidized end of the oxidation-reduction continuum

Output: most

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] yes or no Can CA's be further oxidized?

Output: no

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] LAH reduces CA's to ___.

Output: alcohols

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Show reduction of a CA mechanism

Output: carboxylic acid => aldehyde => alcohol

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Reduction of a CA occurs by nucleophilic ____ of ____ to the carbonyl group

Output: addition, hydride

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] How do you synthesize esters?

Output: react CA's with alcohols under acidic conditions

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Ester formation is a ____ reaction, so ___ is a side product.

Output: condensation, water

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] ESTER FORMATION In acidic conditions, the ___ on the C=O can be protonated. This enchances the ___ of the bond, putting more ___ charge on the C, and making it ___ susceptible to nucleophilic attack

Output: O, polarity, positive

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] ESTER FORMATION This condensation reaction occurs most rapidly with ___ alcohols

Output: primary

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Whats another name for acyl halides?

Output: acid halides

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What are acyl halides?

Output: Compounds with carbonyl groups bonded to halides

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] How is thionyl chloride written?

Output: SOCl2

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What does thionyl chloride do?

Output: A reagent that can convert CA's into acyl halides

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] reactive or nonreactive Acid cholorides.

Output: reactive

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Acid chlorides are frequently used as ____ in the conversion of CA's to ___ and ___.

Output: intermediates, esters and amides

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What biochemical pathway is decarboxylation most common in?

Output: Krebs Cycle

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What is decarboxylation?

Output: loss of a carbon

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Whenever we want to get rid of a carbon on the MCAT, it will be lost in the form of ___?

Output: CO2

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] t or f Acid chlorides are most stable and least reactive

Output: f Acid chlorides are the least stable and the most reactive

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] ____ and other ____ may spontaneously decarboxylate when heated.

Output: 1,3 Dicarboxylic acids and other beta-keto acids

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] DECARBOXYLATION the carboxyl group is lost and replaced with what?

Output: hydrogen

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] DECARBOXYLATION Because both the electrophile and nucleophile are in the same molecule, the reaction proceeds....

Output: through a six membered ring transition state

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] DECARBOXYLATION The ___ that is initially formed from the destruction of the ring tautomerizes to the more stable __ form.

Output: enol, keto

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] The more stable the ___ is, the more likely it is that the ___ will leave

Output: conjugate base, proton

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] CA stability is determined by what 3 factors?

Output: -periodic trends (electronegativity, and thus, induction) -size of the anion (HF is a weaker acid than HI) -resonance

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] The acidity of a CA is enhanced by...

Output: resonance b/w its oxygen atoms

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Primary alcohols or aldehydes can be ___ by CA's

Output: oxidized

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] What 2 ways can CA's be synthesized?

Output: -from the carbocation of organometalic reagents -by hydrolyzing nitriles

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] Carboxylic acids can be reduced to primary alcohols or stopped at the aldehyde level with a...

Output: bulky hydride reagent

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] CA's with long chains form soaps when neutralized with ___ or ___.

Output: NaOH or KOH

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is a carboxyl group?] 1,3 Dicarboxylic acids and other beta-keto acids may spontaneously decarboxylate when heated producting...

Output: a ketone and carbon dioxide

MCAT Carboxylic Acids Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Hemoglobin] Heme Group

Output: no composed of amino acids, instead they are composed of and Fe atom

Made up of CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen) Dominated by Alpa Helices Hydrogen Bonds are needed to keep the alpha helices together


Input: [Hemoglobin] Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic amino acids in hemoglobin

Output: Hydrophilic- on surface of hemoglobin Hydrophobic- middle of the molecule

Made up of CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen) Dominated by Alpa Helices Hydrogen Bonds are needed to keep the alpha helices together