Input: Volunteer Nurses Improvement in patient care through control of the environment in which the patient recovered. The greatest problems for the Army stemmed from the poor sanitary conditions in the camps, which bred diseases such as smallpox and dysentery. The results were many deaths from inadequate nutrition, impure water, and a general lack of cleanliness. It was in this era that the value of primary prevention, or the prevention of the occurrence of disease by measures such as immunization and the provision of a pure water supply, became understood.

Output: Describe key changes in nursing during historical periods discussed in class: Civil War


Input: Man had total control of the house. Nursing provided an escape. Power of the Doctor, Better education, New legislation, had to be licensed. A time of repression but also a time of reform. Nurses generally were women who wanted to avoid the drudgery of a Victorian marriage. They were required to be single to make a complete commitment to their vocation. Schooled in submission, women were expected to be equally accommodating within the hospital organization. Reformers focused on establishing standards for nursing education and practice. Among their accomplishments were the organization of the American Nurses Association and the creation of its journal, the American Journal of Nursing, and the enactment of legislation to require the licensure of prepared nurses. This protected the public from inadequate care given by people who were not trained to nurse

Output: Describe key changes in nursing during historical periods discussed in class: Victorian Age


Input: Balanced exchange [Balanced exchange]

Output: a system of transfers in which the goal is either immediate or eventual equality in value.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a mode of consumption in which people's demands are many and infinite and the means of satisfying them are insufficient and become depleted in effort to satisfy these demands. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Consumerism

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Consumerism [Balanced exchange]

Output: a mode of consumption in which people's demands are many and infinite and the means of satisfying them are insufficient and become depleted in effort to satisfy these demands.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a category of a personal or household budget used to provide for consumption needs and desires [Balanced exchange]

Output: Consumption fund

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Consumption fund [Balanced exchange]

Output: a category of a personal or household budget used to provide for consumption needs and desires

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an exchange of approximately equally valued goods or services, usually between people roughly equal in social status. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Expected reciprocity

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Expected reciprocity [Balanced exchange]

Output: an exchange of approximately equally valued goods or services, usually between people roughly equal in social status.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: exchange involving the least conscious sense of interest in material gain or thought of what might be received in return. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Generalized reciprocity

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Generalized reciprocity [Balanced exchange]

Output: exchange involving the least conscious sense of interest in material gain or thought of what might be received in return.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an unwritten, culturally embedded rule that prevents an individual from becoming wealthier or more powerful than anyone else. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Leveling mechanism

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Leveling mechanism [Balanced exchange]

Output: an unwritten, culturally embedded rule that prevents an individual from becoming wealthier or more powerful than anyone else.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the buying and selling of commodities under competitive conditions, in which the forces of supply and demand determine value. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Market exchange

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Market exchange [Balanced exchange]

Output: the buying and selling of commodities under competitive conditions, in which the forces of supply and demand determine value.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the dominant pattern, in a culture, of using things up or spending resources in order to satisfy demand. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Mode of consumption

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mode of consumption [Balanced exchange]

Output: the dominant pattern, in a culture, of using things up or spending resources in order to satisfy demand.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the dominant pattern, in a culture, of transferring goods, services, and other items between and among people and groups. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Mode of exchange

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mode of exchange [Balanced exchange]

Output: the dominant pattern, in a culture, of transferring goods, services, and other items between and among people and groups.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a medium of exchange that can be used for a variety of goods. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Money

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Money [Balanced exchange]

Output: a medium of exchange that can be used for a variety of goods.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a grand feast in which guests are invited to eat and to receive gifts from the hosts. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Potlatch

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Potlatch [Balanced exchange]

Output: a grand feast in which guests are invited to eat and to receive gifts from the hosts.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: something given with no expectation or thought of a return. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Pure gift

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pure gift [Balanced exchange]

Output: something given with no expectation or thought of a return.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a form of exchange that involves one person collecting goods or money from many members of a group, who then, at a later time and at a public event, "returns" the pooled goods to everyone who contributed. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Redistribution

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Redistribution [Balanced exchange]

Output: a form of exchange that involves one person collecting goods or money from many members of a group, who then, at a later time and at a public event, "returns" the pooled goods to everyone who contributed.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the formalized exchange of one thing for another according to set standards of value. [Balanced exchange]

Output: Trade

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Trade [Balanced exchange]

Output: the formalized exchange of one thing for another according to set standards of value.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a system of transfers in which one party seeks to make a profit. [Balanced exchange]

Output: unbalanced exchange

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: unbalanced exchange [Balanced exchange]

Output: a system of transfers in which one party seeks to make a profit.

Anth 2 Chapter 5 terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: kind and amount of activity client is able to perform [ADLs]

Output: activity tolerance

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: relax to allow movement initiated by "prime mover" muscle [ADLs]

Output: antagonistic muscles

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: involved in joint stabilization and continuously oppose forces of gravity. In adult, these are extensors of leg, gluteus maximus, quadriceps femoris, soleus muscles, and back muscles [ADLs]

Output: antigravity muscles

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: All the ways in which the body moves and methods of using the body to increase efficiency and reduce strain. Coordinated by efforts of musculoskeletal and nervous sytems [ADLs]

Output: body mechanics

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: nonvascular supporting connective tissue with the flexibility of a firm plastic material [ADLs]

Output: cartilage

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: little movement but flexible such as in rib cage [ADLs]

Output: cartilaginous joints

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the point from with the weight of a body system may be considered to act [ADLs]

Output: center of gravity

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: style/method of walking with crutches [ADLs]

Output: crutch gait

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is physical activity for conditioning the body, improving health, maintaining fitness, or it may be used as a therapeutic measure. [ADLs]

Output: exercise

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: fit closely together and are fixed [ADLs]

Output: fibrous joints

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a tool to allow patient to push against to move up in bed or flex ankle [ADLs]

Output: footboard

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: forces opposing movement [ADLs]

Output: friction

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is the manner or style of walking including rhythm, cadence, and speed [ADLs]

Output: gait

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: weakness on one side of the body [ADLs]

Output: hemiparesis

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: paralysis on one side of the body [ADLs]

Output: hemiplegia

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: exercise using equipment that regulates movement to a set speed regardless of force exerted [ADLs]

Output: isokinetic

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: "same length" contraction of muscles that does not result in movement - resistive isometric includes object to provide added resistance (eg - weight or wall) [ADLs]

Output: isometric contraction

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: "same tension" a muscle contraction that results in movement [ADLs]

Output: isotonic contraction

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: (joint) - is a connection between bones [ADLs]

Output: articulation

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: white, shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that bind bone to cartilage [ADLs]

Output: ligaments

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ability to move - 3 components include range of motion, gait, and exercise [ADLs]

Output: mobility

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: tension in muscles (healthy muscles retain some tension even at rest) [ADLs]

Output: muscle tone

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: pose or position of the body. Is regulated by nervous system and requires coordination of proprioception and balance [ADLs]

Output: posture

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: awareness of the position of the body and parts [ADLs]

Output: proprioception

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Range Of Motion - ability to move bones of a joint. Normal range of motion is based on joint mobility typical for age/sex/development [ADLs]

Output: ROM

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: "helper" muscles that support and enhance strength and movement but do not act as the "prime mover" of a joint. [ADLs]

Output: synergistic muscles

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: true joints - freely moveable and most mobile, numerous and complex [ADLs]

Output: synovial joints

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: white, glistening, fibrous bands of tissue that connect muscle to bone [ADLs]

Output: tendons

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Problem? Signs and symptoms? Timing (onset and duration)? Severity? Other Barriers to exercise/activity? Effects these have had overall? PSTIBE mnemonic = Please State The Ills Barring Exercise [ADLs]

Output: Steps to assess a patient's activity tolerance

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: First put at ease to reduce rigid/unnatural posture. Head erect and midline, symetrical, spine vertical and normal curves, abdomen tucked, knees in straight line with hips and slightly flexed, feet forward, arms hanging at sides. [ADLs]

Output: To assess posture in standing patient

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: activity intolerance ineffective coping impared gas exchange risk for injury impaired physical mobility imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirments acute or chronic pain [ADLs]

Output: examples of nursing diagnoses related to activity/exercise

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Did it meet the client's expected outcomes and goals? Make comparisons with baseline measures that include pulse, BP, strength, endurance, psychological well-being. [ADLs]

Output: criteria used to evaluate effectiveness of interventions

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: support, protect, allow movement, mineral storage, hematopoisis [ADLs]

Output: 5 functions of bone

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: cerebellum and inner ear [ADLs]

Output: balance controlled by

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: increased cardiac output improved myocardial contraction, strengthening cardiac muscle decreased heart rate improved venous return [ADLs]

Output: Effects of exercise on cardiovascular system (opposite effects caused by immobility).

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: increased respiratory rate and depth followed by quicker return to resting state improved alveolar ventilation decreased work required for breathing improved diaphragmatic excursion [ADLs]

Output: Effects of exercise on pulmonary system (opposite effects caused by immobility).

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: increased BMR increased use of glucose and fatty acids increased triglyceride breakdown increased gastric motility increased production of body heat [ADLs]

Output: Effects of exercise on metabolic system (opposite effects caused by immobility).

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: improved muscle tone increased joint mobility (opposite of contracture) improved muscle tolerance to physical exercise possible increase in muscle mass reduced bone loss [ADLs]

Output: Effects of exercise on musculoskeletal system (opposite effects caused by immobility).

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: improved tolerance decreased fatigue [ADLs]

Output: Effects of exercise on activity tolerance (opposite effects caused by immobility).

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: improved tolerance of stress reports of "feeling better" reports of decreased illness (colds, influenza) [ADLs]

Output: Effects of exercise on psychosocial factors (opposite effects caused by immobility).

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: inflammation (eg arthritis), fluid in the joint, altered nerve supply, or contractures [ADLs]

Output: Limited range of motion often indicates

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: connective tissue disorders, ligament tears, or possible joint fractures [ADLs]

Output: increased mobility beyond the normal range of motion may indicate

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a drop in blood pressure that occurs when a client changes from a horizontal to vertical position [ADLs]

Output: orthostatic hypotension

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Wide base of support lower center of gravity keep COG between base of support face direction of movement divide load between arms and legs leverage, rolling, turning are less work than lifting always reduce friction [ADLs]

Output: Techniques to avoid injury when lifting/moving a patient

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: active, passive, combination. Flex and extend joint through full comfortable range of motion. Stop if there is any pain or resistance. If all is well complete 3-5 repetitions. [ADLs]

Output: purposes and techniques of 3 kinds of joint ROM exercises

Exam 1 - Ch. 37 Activity and Exercise Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Substitution] Sn1 reaction

Output: Two step reaction with a rate dependent on only one of the reactants.

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] Slow step

Output: Rate determining step of reaction

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] Sn2 reaction

Output: One step reaction with a rate dependent on the concentration of the nucleophile and the substrate

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] Sterical Hinderance

Output: Sn2 reactions typically do not occur in tertiary substrates.

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] "The nucleophile and the 5 Ss"

Output: Differences between Sn1 and Sn2 reactions

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] "The Nucleophile"

Output: Sn2 requires strong nucleophile while Sn1 is not affected by nucleophile strength

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] 1st S- Substrate

Output: Sn2 reactions dont occur with sterically hindered substrate. Sn2 requires methyl, primary or secondary substrate while Sn2 requires secondary or tertiary.

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] 2nd S- Solvent

Output: Highly polar solvent increases reaction rate of Sn1 by stabilizing the carbocation, but slows down Sn2 reactions by stabilizing the nucleophile

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] 3rd S- Speed

Output: Speed of Sn2 depends on concentration of substrate and the nucleophile, while speed of Sn1 depends only on the substrate.

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] 4th S- Stereochemistry

Output: Sn2 inverts stereochemistry about chiral center while Sn1 creates a racemic mixture.

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] 5th S- Skeleton

Output: Sn1 may be accompanied by carbon skeleton rearrangement but Sn2 never rearranges the carbon skeleton.

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] Oxidation

Output: Loss of H2, addition of O or O2, addition of X2

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] Reduction

Output: Addition of H2, loss of O or O2, loss of X2

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] Formation of sulfonates

Output: Nucleophilic substitution where alcohol acts as a nucleophile.

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] Tosylates and mesylates

Output: commonly used sulfonates (draw)

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] Pinacol arrangement

Output: Dehydration of an alcohol that results in a unexpected product

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Substitution] Ethers yj

Output: Polar, relatively non reactive substances that can hydrogen bond with compounds that contain hydrogen attached to an N, O, or F atom.

Orgo (starting from 2nd half of Ch. 2) Flashcards - Cram.com

Occur when one functional group replaces another.


Input: [Double Helix] Nitrogenous Base

Output: a structure found in DNA or RNA that contains nitrogen; 4 types are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C)

Unit 5 DNA Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com

shape of DNA molecule; two DNA strands are twisted into a springlike structure; twisted ladder


Input: [Double Helix] Transcription

Output: process where an RNA copy of DNA is made; happens in the nucleus

Unit 5 DNA Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com

shape of DNA molecule; two DNA strands are twisted into a springlike structure; twisted ladder


Input: [Double Helix] Translation

Output: changing the information in RNA into amino acids to make proteins

Unit 5 DNA Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com

shape of DNA molecule; two DNA strands are twisted into a springlike structure; twisted ladder


Input: [Double Helix] Codon

Output: set of three nitrogenous bases (letters)that make an amino acid

Unit 5 DNA Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com

shape of DNA molecule; two DNA strands are twisted into a springlike structure; twisted ladder


Input: [Double Helix] Mutation

Output: any change or error in DNA

Unit 5 DNA Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com

shape of DNA molecule; two DNA strands are twisted into a springlike structure; twisted ladder


Input: [Double Helix] Mutagen

Output: anything that causes a changing in DNA could be radiation (X-rays), chemicals or high

Unit 5 DNA Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com

shape of DNA molecule; two DNA strands are twisted into a springlike structure; twisted ladder


Input: [Double Helix] Messenger Rna

Output: RNA that picks up information in the nucleus from DNA and travels to the cystoplasm

Unit 5 DNA Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com

shape of DNA molecule; two DNA strands are twisted into a springlike structure; twisted ladder


Input: [Double Helix] Ribosomal RNA

Output: RNA that makes ribosomes; helps make proteins

Unit 5 DNA Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com

shape of DNA molecule; two DNA strands are twisted into a springlike structure; twisted ladder


Input: [Double Helix] Transfer RNA

Output: RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins

Unit 5 DNA Flashcards Flashcards - Cram.com

shape of DNA molecule; two DNA strands are twisted into a springlike structure; twisted ladder


Input: adrenaline

Output: a naturally occurring hormone that also may be given as a cardiac drug and has alpha and beta effects, also called epinephrine

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: anaphylaxis

Output: a severe reacting to an antigen that occurs after sensitization from prior exposure to the same antigen


Input: antibody- mediated (humoral) immunity

Output: one of two types of specific immunity that exists in the body, it is primarily mediated by B cells

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: antigen

Output: a substance foreign to the body


Input: axillary nodes

Output: a large collection of lymph nodes located in the axilla (armpit)

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: basophil

Output: a white blood cell that may play a role following infection of various areas in the body


Input: CD4 antigen

Output: a protein found on the surface of T helper cells that is adversely affected by exposure to HIV

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: cell- mediated immunity

Output: one of two types of specific immunity that exists in the body, it is primarily mediated by T cells

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: cervical nodes

Output: a large collection of lymph nodes located in the neck

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: chemotaxis

Output: the process of the migration of leukocytes in blood toward areas of bacterial invasion, foreign body or infection


Input: diffuse lymphatic tissue

Output: tissue with no clear boundary that bends with surrounding tissues and contains lymphocytes and other cells

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: e coli

Output: a normal flora or bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract that aids in digestion and absorption of food, as well as metabolization of waste products

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: eosinophil

Output: a leukocyte that may play a role following infection in various areas in the body


Input: erythroblastosis fetalis

Output: a condition that is potentially fatal to a fetus that occurs during late pregnancy or delivery when a Rh negative mother is exposed to a small amount of Rh positive fetal blood. antibodies to Rh antigens may be produced by mother and enter the fetal circulation and destroy the fetus' red blood cells

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: hapten

Output: a small molecule that will not evoke a specific immune response unless it is combined with other serum proteins, in which case, a severe reaction may occur


Input: human immunodeficiency virus

Output: a virus that adversely effects a protein on T helper cells, the CD4 antigen, by causing it to appear as an antigen to healthy cells, resulting in destruction of helper T cells and the inability to fight infections and certain types of tumors

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: immune system

Output: the body system that is responsible for providing immunity

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: immunity

Output: the body's ability to resist damage from foreign substances, microscopic organisms, or harmful chemicals


Input: infectious disease

Output: a disease that may be transmitted from one person to another via some type of specific organism such as a bacteria or virus

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: inflammatory response

Output: a response of the immune system that results in influx of cells and other chemicals to fight a foreign challenge

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: inguinal nodes

Output: a large collection of lymph nodes located in the groin

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lingual tonsils

Output: one of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils, they are located in the posterior margin of the tongue and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lymph

Output: a thin plasma-like liquid formed from interstitial or extracellular fluid that bathes the tissues of the body


Input: lymph nodes

Output: round or bean shaped structures interspersed along the course of lymph vessels, which filter the lymph and serve as a source of lymphocytes

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lymph nodules

Output: tissue that is denser than diffuse lymphatic tissue, found in loose connective tissue of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lymph vessels

Output: thin-walled vessels through which lymph circulates through the body, they travel close to the major arteries and veins

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lymphadenitis

Output: inflammation of a lymph node caused by infection

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lymphadenopathy

Output: any swelling of the lymph nosed, with or without pain

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lymphangitis

Output: an infection that spreads beyond the local area into the lymphatic vessels causing red streaks to run from the infected area proximally

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lymphatic capillaries

Output: vessels of the lymphatic system that cary fluid away from the tissues

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lymphatic duct

Output: one of the two great lymph vessels, it empties into the subclavian vein

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lymphatic system

Output: a passive circulatory system that transports a plasma-like liquid called lymph, a thin fluid that bathes the tissues of the body

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: lymphocyte

Output: a type of white blood cell that helps fight infection and provide immunity


Input: lymphokines

Output: complex proteins produced by T effector cells that recruit mast cells and other nonspecific inflammatory mediators to aid in destruction of antigens


Input: lysis

Output: the breakdown of a foreign cell caused, in some cases, when T effector cells bind to the foreign cell


Input: macrophages

Output: cells that leave the bloodstream and enter diseased tissues after the neutrophils and are responsible for the later stages of fighting an infection, including the disposal of dead bacteria


Input: mast cells

Output: a large white blood cell that mediates allergic reactions and may play a role following infections of various areas in the body

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: metastasize

Output: the spreading of a disease from one part of the body to another, especially with many forms of cancer


Input: microorganism

Output: an organism of microscopic size

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: neutrophils

Output: usually the first cells to enter infected tissue, they ingest bacteria through phagocytosis


Input: nonspecific immunity

Output: an immune response that is predictable each time the body is exposed to a particular challenge

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: normal flora

Output: bacteria found in certain sites in the body, such as GI tract and oral and nasal cavities, that help maintain homeostasis

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: palatine tonsils

Output: one of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils. they are located in the back of the throat, on each side of the posterior opening of the oral cavity, and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: phagocytosis

Output: the process of ingesting and destroying foreign matter by certain types of leukocytes

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: pharyngeal tonsils

Output: one of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils, they are located near the internal opening of the nasal cavity and help protect the body from bacteria into the mouth and nose, also called adenoids

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: specific immunity

Output: the immune response to a given substance that is faster and stronger after each subsequent exposure

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: spleen

Output: an organ of the lymphatic system that is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen and consists of two types of lymph tissue that are associated with drainage of this organ


Input: splenectomy

Output: surgical removal of the spleen


Input: T effector cells

Output: the cells that carry out most of the cell mediated immune functions by seeking and destroying foreign materials such as; viruses, fungi, bacteria, and particles

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: T helper cells

Output: cells that aid the T effector cells in carrying out cell-mediated immune functions

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: T memory cells

Output: the form into which T cells differentiate when activated by an antigen, the T memory cells remain within the body, ready to respond to a second challenge

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: T suppressor cells

Output: cells that suppress the actions of the at effector cells by limiting the specific immune response

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: thoracic duct

Output: one of two great lymph vessels, it empties into the superior vena cava

ch.6 (lymphatic and immune system) A&P vocab Flashcards - Cram.com

the disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus


Input: thymus

Output: a triangular shaped gland located below the sternum in the superior mediastinum that produces lymphocytes


Input: tonsils

Output: three sets of lymphatic organs, the palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual, that are located in the back of the throat and nasopharynx and protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose


Input: [1] liberty [2]

Output: principle that individuals should be free to act and think as they choose, provided they do not infringe unreasonably on the freedom of others


Input: [1] equality [2]

Output: the notion that all individuals are equal in their moral worth, their treatment under law, and their political voice


Input: [1] self-government [2]

Output: idea that people are the ultimate source and proper beneficiary of governing authority and must have a voice in how they are governed


Input: [1] politics [2]

Output: the process through which society settles its conflicts and decides the policies by which it will be governed


Input: [1] social contract [2]

Output: (Thomas Hobbes) ordinary people surrender the freedom they would have in a state of nature in return for the protection that a sovereign ruler can provide


Input: [1] democracy [2]

Output: form of govt in which people govern, either directly or through elected representatives


Input: [1] oligarchy [2]

Output: control rests with a small group


Input: [1] autocracy [2]

Output: control rests with a single individual (king or dictator)


Input: [1] constitutionalism [2]

Output: holds that there are limits on the rightful power of govt over its citizens


Input: [1] authoritarian governments [2]

Output: repress their political opponents as a means of staying in power, although they do so to varying degrees


Input: [1] totalitarian governments [2]

Output: assert complete dominance over individuals and the institutions of society


Input: [1] capitalism [2]

Output: the govt should interfere with the economy as little as possible


Input: [1] socialism [2]

Output: assigns govt a large role in the ownership of the means of production, in economic decision making, and in providing for the economic security of the individual


Input: [1] communism [2]

Output: govt owns most or all major industries and also takes responsibility for overall management of the economy


Input: [1] public policy [2]

Output: decision by the govt to pursue a particular course of action


Input: [1] power [2]

Output: ability of persons, interests, or institutions to control public policy


Input: [1] authority [2]

Output: the right to make binding decisions


Input: [1] majoritarianism [2]

Output: the notion that the majority should prevail not only in the counting of votes but also in the determination of public policy


Input: [1] pluralism [2]

Output: focuses on group activity and holds that many policies are effectively decided through power wielded by diverse (plural) interests


Input: [1] elitism [2]

Output: power is held by a small number of well-positioned, highly influential individuals


Input: [1] bureaucratic rule [2]

Output: (Max Weber) power resides in the hands of career government bureaucrats


Input: [1] political system [2]

Output: various components that are separate, but connect with one another, affecting how each performs


Input: [1] Thomas Hobbes [2]

Output: In Leviathan he argued government rests on a social contract. People give up their freedom because life in its natural state is “nasty, brutish, and short”. For this reason, people seek protection even if some rulers are cruel because the alternative is far worse.


Input: [1] John Locke [2]

Output: argued against absolutism in Second Treatise on Civil Government. He claimed all individuals have certain natural rights, including life, liberty, and property. A social contract is based on the promise that government will protect their rights, and if they fail to do so, the people can overthrow it.


Input: [1] Jean-Jacques Rousseau [2]

Output: extended the idea of social contract to include popular sovereignty. He despised absolute government. He claimed people in their natural state are innocent and happy. The only legitimate govt is one that promotes their interests and governs with their consent.


Input: [1] Virginia plan [2]

Output: called for two chamber Congress that would have supreme authority in all areas states were incompetent in (defense and interstate trade), representation based on size


Input: [1] New Jersey plan [2]

Output: stronger national government with power to tax & regulate commerce between stages, most of the Articles would stay in effect, Congress single chamber where all states have the same single vote


Input: [1] grants of power [2]

Output: method of limiting US govt by confining its scope of authority to those powers expressly granted in the Constitution


Input: [1] denials of power [2]

Output: constitutional means of limiting governmental action by listing those powers that govt is expressly prohibited from using


Input: [1] federalism [2]

Output: division of political authority between national govt and the states, enabling the people to appeal to one authority if their rights and interests are not respect by the other authority


Input: [1] trustees [2]

Output: elected representatives who obligation is to act in accordance with their own consciences as to what policies are in the best interests of the public


Input: [1] delegates [2]

Output: officeholders who are obligated to respond directly to the expressed opinions of the people they represent


Input: [1] constitutional democracy [2]

Output: type of govt in the USA today, It is democratic in its provisions for majority influence through elections and constitutional I its requirement that power gained through elections be exercised in accordance with law and with due respect for individual rights


Input: [1] Articles of Confederation [2]

Output: each state retained its “sovereignty, freedom and independence” One legislature where every state got one vote and 9 states had to agree to pass legislation any constitutional change had to be unanimous denied congress power to tax


Input: [1] Shay's Rebellion [2]

Output: farmers surrounded courthouses to prevent foreclosures on their land (govt promised debt would be forgiven if fought in war, but congress ran out of money) rebellion showed how weak the national govt was people then decided to meet only for revising the articles of confederation but delegates at the constitutional convention ignored congress’s orders


Input: [1] political culture [2]

Output: politically relevant ideas and social practices characteristic of society: habits of action, symbols of good & evil, norms of conduct, religious practices, family & child practices


Input: [1] political socialization [2]

Output: training people in the ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are characteristic of a political culture


Input: [1] utilitarian justice [2]

Output: greatest good for the greatest number (but do we always know what they is)


Input: [1] Schenk v. US (1919) [2]

Output: protested the draft, “Clear & Present danger”, speech ok in peace time but can be illegal during war


Input: [1] Gitlow v. NY (1925) [2]

Output: gitlow was a socialist arrest for giving out pamphlets calling for socialism, he was charged with trying to overthrow the govt • Is this a violation of the first amendment? • Does the first amendment apply to the states? • First amendment applies to both people & state


Input: [1] Dennis v. US (1951) [2]

Output: they were encouraging resistance


Input: [1] Yeates v. US [2]

Output: said it had to be very threatening before it was reasonable to convict people under first speech


Input: [1] Near v. Minnesota [2]

Output: you can get rid of newspapers if you accuse people of blatantly false things (you can sue once book is out, but you can’t stop him from publishing)


Input: [1] NY v. Sullivan [2]

Output: ad published that insulted Sullivan & wasn’t true, but on the other hand there was no reason to show it wouldn’t be true, so there was no “reckless disregard” for the truth


Input: [1] Reno v. ACLU [2]

Output: how much can you suppress what is published on internet? (Not much)


Input: [1] prisoner's dilemma [2]

Output: 1. two players who are self-interested are driven solely to pareto non optimal 2. has to be pareto non optimal


Input: [1] Miller v California [2]

Output: • work must have clear intent to appeal to sexual interests • work portrays sexual conduct in a patently offensive way • work, taken as a whole, lacks serious political & artistic value


Input: [1] Lemon v. Kurtzman [2]

Output: • anything the state does must have a secular purpose • primary effect neither enhances nor prohibits religion (neutral) • does not foster excessive govt entanglement with religion


Input: [1] Zelman v Simmon Harris [2]

Output: • if it’s something that hurts religion, then it’s just as bad as something that helps religion • defines 2nd & 3rd points of Lemon test more clearly • gave vouchers for public school kids to go to religious private schools


Input: [1] Democracy [2]

Output: • A political system in which regular elections exist in which two or more competing groups or individuals contend for control of the government o A reasonable percentage are eligible to vote in the election o Competition is reasonably fair with competitors having relatively similar access to the media with free press & free speech


Input: [1] public good [2]

Output: goods that are collectively produced and [freely] available to anyone’s consumption (ex. National defense, public education)


Input: [1] excludable public good [2]

Output: • Excludable public good – toll roads, college education (not free but available)


Input: [1] American values [2]

Output: Liberty, self-government, justice, equality, diversity, unity


Input: [1] supremacy clause [2]

Output: Article VI grants national government supremacy to state


Input: [1] McCulloch v Maryland [2]

Output: can’t tax the national government


Input: [1] John C Calhoun [2]

Output: had “doctrine of nullification”


Input: [1] dual federalism [2]

Output: based on the idea that a precise separation (each can only do certain things) of national and state authority was both possible and desirable


Input: [1] cooperative federalism [2]

Output: state, national, and local policymakers working together to solve problems


Input: [1] fiscal federalism [2]

Output: the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through state and local govts


Input: [1] grants-in-aid [2]

Output: cash payments to states/localities which then administer the federal programs


Input: [1] categorical grants [2]

Output: more restrictive type, can only be used for a designated activity


Input: [1] block grants [2]

Output: only has to stick to a general area


Input: [1] devolution [2]

Output: passing down of authority from the national government to the state and local levels • Idea that federal authority has extended too far • Roosevelt and Johnson have been strongest advocates of a large national govt while Nixon and Reagan the opposite


Input: [1] prior restraint [2]

Output: government prohibition of speech or publication before the fact (not allowed except rare instances)


Input: [1] selective incorporation [2]

Output: certain rights contained in the Bill of Rights become applicable through the 14th amendment to actions by the state govts


Input: [1] imminent lawless action [2]

Output: severely limits government’s power to restrict expression, legal test that says govt cannot lawfully suppress advocacy that promotes lawless action unless such advocacy is aimed at producing and is likely to produce imminent lawless action


Input: [1] procedural due process [2]

Output: procedures that authorities must follow before a person can legitimately be punished for an offense


Input: [1] habeas corpus [2]

Output: gives defendants access to federal courts in order to argue that their rights under that Constitution were violated when they were convicted in a state court


Input: [1] exclusionary rule [2]

Output: bars the use in trials of evidence obtained in violation of a person’s constitutional rights


Input: [1] First women’s rights convention [2]

Output: in America 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY after Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton had been barred from the main floor of an antislavery convention


Input: [1] Equal Credit Act of 1974 [2]

Output: prohibits sex discrimination in the granting of financial credit


Input: [1] Family & Medical Leave Act 1993 [2]

Output: up to 12 weeks unpaid leave for employees to care for a new baby or seriously ill family member


Input: [1] 1964 Civil Rights Act [2]

Output: prohibits discrimination by sex, race, or national origin


Input: [1] equal-protection clause [2]

Output: in 14th amendment it says no state shall “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”


Input: [1] reasonable basis test [2]

Output: courts require govt only to show that a particular law is reasonable (allows inequalities that are reasonably related to a legitimate govt interest)


Input: [1] strict-scrutiny test [2]

Output: a law is presumed unconstitutional unless govt can provide overwhelming evidence of its necessity (deals with race & ethnicity)


Input: [1] equality of result [2]

Output: aim of policies intended to reduce de facto discriminatory effects


Input: [1] affirmative action [2]

Output: deliberate efforts to provide full & equal opportunities in employment, education, & other areas for members of traditionally disadvantaged groups


Input: [1] Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Board of Education [2]

Output: ruled the busing of children was an appropriate way to integrate schools that were segregated because past discrimination had contributed to the creation of racially separate neighborhoods


Input: [1] tubulin [2]

Output: protein that makes up microtubules

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] actin [2]

Output: protein that makes up microfilaments

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] video microscopy [2]

Output: technique used to follow activites of molecular motors

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] protofilaments [2]

Output: row of globular subunits of a microtubule

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] plectin [2]

Output: protein connecting microtubules and neurofilaments. connects the different filaments to each other as a cross bridge

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] kinesin [2]

Output: motor protein that moves to (+) end - Plasma Membrane or ER

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] KIF5B [2]

Output: Kinesin like protein that transports mitochondria outward.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cytoplasmic dyneins [2]

Output: (-) end directed microtubular motor.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] centrosome [2]

Output: animal's microtubule organizing center (MOC). Consists of two barrel shaped centrioles surrounded by a peri-centriolar material. (PCM)

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] regrowth of MTs [2]

Output: addition of subunits at the (+) end of the polymer away from the centrosome

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nucleation of MTs [2]

Output: alpha and beta tubulin dimers bind to open ring of gamma tubulin.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Colchicine, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Nocadazole, Ca ions, and Cold Temperatures [2]

Output: MT Destabilizers. Binds dimers and prevents assembly into + end.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Taxol [2]

Output: MT Stabilizer. Binds alongside of polymer and prevents disassembly.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Internal Structure of Cilium [2]

Output: central microtubule, central sheath, radial spoke, outer doublet, cilium and basal body.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Intraflagellar Transport (IFT) [2]

Output: assembles and maintains ciliary region.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Keratin I & II [2]

Output: IF protein found in epithelia

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Vimentin [2]

Output: IF protein found in mesenchymal cells

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Desmin [2]

Output: IF protein found in muscle cells

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Glial fibrillary acid protein [2]

Output: IF protein found in glial cells

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Peripherin [2]

Output: IF protein found in astrocytes

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Neurofilament Proteins [2]

Output: IF proteins found in nuerons of the central and peripheral nervous system.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Lamin Proteins [2]

Output: IF proteins found in cells with lamin A,B,C in nuclear envelope

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nestin [2]

Output: IF proteins found in neuronal stem cells

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] myosin [2]

Output: molecular motor for actin filaments

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Conventional (Type II) myosins [2]

Output: found in various muscle and non muscle cells. in non muscle functions it splits cell in two during cytokinesis and generates tension at focal adhesions.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Myosin Va [2]

Output: specific myosin motor that transports vesicles in cooperation with either a kinesin of dynein motor protein.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Z line of Sarcomere [2]

Output: borders of the sarcomere

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A Band [2]

Output: The full thick filament

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] I band [2]

Output: Just the thin filament that is not overlapped by thick filament

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] H zone [2]

Output: Middle of thick fil

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] tropomyosin [2]

Output: rod-shaped molecule situated in the grooves of thin filaments. When moved, it exposes the binding site on the thin filament to the myosin head.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] troponin [2]

Output: molecules spaced at defined intervals in a thin filament. Interacts with calcium to to move tropomyosin and expose the binding site on the thin filament to the myosin head.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] titin [2]

Output: from z line to the m band. Maintains the thick filaments in the center during contraction

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nebulin molecules [2]

Output: acts as a molecular ruler regulating the number of actin monomers allowed to assemble into a thin filament.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] microvilli [2]

Output: present on apical surface of epithelia (lining of kidneys and intestines) and absorbs solutes.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] villin [2]

Output: bundling protein that arranges actin filaments in microvilli

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] fimbrin [2]

Output: bundling protein that arranges actin filaments in microvilli

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] myosin I [2]

Output: located between plasma membrane and actin filaments. its purpose is unknown.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] lamellipodium [2]

Output: portrusion shape of leading edge of cell

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Arp 2/3 complex [2]

Output: Is activated in the mechanism for movement of a non-muscle cell and initiates the nucleation of actin polymerization. Then anchors to actin and pushes them outward causing Plasma membrane to extend outward.

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] WASP family [2]

Output: activates the Arp 2/3 complex in non-muscle cell movement

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] colifin [2]

Output: binds to ADP-actin subunits causing depolymerization. (specifically in mechanism for non-muscle cell movement)

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] prolifin [2]

Output: free actin subunits bind to it and get recharged by ATP/ADP exchange making them ready for actin polymerization. (specifically in mechanism for non-muscle cell movement).

Cell Biology - Chapter 9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [short-term memory] long-term memory

Output: Your memory for events that have happened in the past 2 minutes – 100 years Unlimited duration Unlimited capacity

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] duration

Output: A measure of how long a memory lasts before it is no longer available

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] capacity

Output: A measure of how much can be held in memory. Measured in terms of bits of information i.e. number of digits

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] chunking

Output: Meaningful units of information Increases capacity of STM

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] central executive

Output: Monitors and coordinates all other mental functions in working memory

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] phonological loop

Output: Encodes speech sounds in working memory Rehearsal

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] visuo-spatial sketchpad

Output: Encodes visual information in terms of separate objects as well as the arrangement of these objects in one’s visual field

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] episodic buffer

Output: 1.Receives input from many sources 2. Temporarily stores 3. Integrates information 4. Constructs a mental episode of what is being experienced now

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] word length effect

Output: The observation that people remember lists of short words better than lists of long words.

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] eyewitness testimony

Output: Evidence provided in court by a witness of crime. Accuracy may be affected: during initial encoding, during storage, during retrieval

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] leading (misleading) questions

Output: Question that, either by its form or by its content, suggests to the witness what answer is desired

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] cognitive interview

Output: A police technique for interviewing witnesses, encouraging them to recreate the original context, to increase accessibility of stored information.

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] mnemonic techniques

Output: Any structured technique used to help people remember and recall information

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: [short-term memory] elaborative rehearsal

Output: Deeper processing for meaning which is then repeated.

Your memory for immediate events. Working memory Limited duration Limited capacity


Input: a substance such as C12H22O11 that does not form ions in solution [Electrolyte]

Output: Nonelectrolyte


Input: very effective solvent for ionic compounds [Electrolyte]

Output: water is a...


Input: the solution usually consists of intact molecules dispersed throughout the solution. [Electrolyte]

Output: when a molecular compound dissolves in water what happens?


Input: most molecular compounds are nonelectrolytes. [Electrolyte]

Output: what does this result in?


Input: are those solutes that exist in solutions completely or nearly completely as ions. [Electrolyte]

Output: Strong electrolytes


Input: are those solutes that exist in solution mostly in the form of molecules with only a small fraction in the form of ions. [Electrolyte]

Output: weak electrolytes


Input: the ionization of weak electrolytes [Electrolyte]

Output: what does a double arrow represent


Input: the ionization of strong electolytes [Electrolyte]

Output: what does a single arrow represent


Input: that the H+ and Cl- ions have no tendency to recombine in water to form HCl molecules [Electrolyte]

Output: HCl(aq)-->H+(aq)+Cl-(aq) what does the single arrow indicate


Input: strong electrolytes [Electrolyte]

Output: soluble ionic compounds are what?


Input: as being composed of metals and nonmetals [Electrolyte]

Output: How do we identify ionic compounds?


Input: compounds containing the ammonium ion NH4+ such as NH4Brand (NH4)2CO3 [Electrolyte]

Output: How else do we identify ionic compounds?


Input: when certain pairs of oppositely charged ions attract each other so strongly that they form an insoluble ionic solid [Electrolyte]

Output: when do precipitation reactions occur


Input: reactions that result in the formation of an insoluble product [Electrolyte]

Output: precipitation reaction


Input: is an insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution [Electrolyte]

Output: precipitate


Input: [Statistics] Collecting, Organizing, Presenting of numerical data

Output: Methods used to describe data

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] Inferential Statistics

Output: Sample used to infer something about the population

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] All possible individuals, objects, or measurements under consideration

Output: Population

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] portion or part of the population, can be biased

Output: Sample

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] nonnumeric, what proportion fall into each eategory

Output: Qualitative

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] numeric, can be either discrete or continuous

Output: Quantitative

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] whole numbers

Output: Discrete

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] whole numbers and fractions

Output: Continuous

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] Published Data, Surveys, Questionnaires

Output: Sources of Statistical Data

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] mutually Exclusive

Output: can only be placed in one category

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] Exhaustive

Output: appears in one of the categories, other or all

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ration

Output: NOIR

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] Lowest, most limited can only be classified into categories and can't be arranged in a ranking

Output: Nominal

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] higher ranking, arranged in some order, can't differences b/w data values

Output: Ordinal

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] all characteristics of ordinal, amounts of differences b/w data values can be determined, no "natural" zero point

Output: Interval

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] Degrees, temperature Interval

Output: Does zero ____ mean an absence of ___

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] all characteristics of interval, ratio b/w two numbers is meaningful, meaningful zero point

Output: Ratio

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: [Statistics] Weight Pounds, Ratio

Output: Does zero ___ mean an absence of ___

Business Statistics Flashcards - Cram.com

A body of techniques used to collect, organize, analyze, present and interpret data to make better decisions


Input: Chronic sleep deprivation is likely to

Output: promote obesity and impair memory.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: The activation-synthesis theory provides a physiological explanation for

Output: dreaming

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: A few hours of sleep deprivation each night can:

Output: build up over time causing potentially serious physical and mental harm.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called

Output: sleep spindles.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: Consciousness is

Output: our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An electroencephalograph is most likely to indicate the presence of

Output: alpha waves.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: According to Freud, repression is way for the unconscious to:

Output: remove unacceptable thoughts and desires from conscious thought.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: When he opened his movie theater, Joe intended to have messages about popcorn and candy flashed on the screen to promote concession sales. Such messages are called:

Output: subliminal stimuli.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: In a study on the effects of subliminal persuasion, Bargh and colleagues (1996) found that students exposed to words commonly associated with aging (for example, Florida, gray, wrinkled) ________ than those not exposed to the aging words.

Output: walked more slowly down the hall as they were leaving the study

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: The sleep cycle is approximately ________ minutes.

Output: 90

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: Circadian rhythm refers to

Output: a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24hour cycle.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: Exposure to bright light causes the...

Output: pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

Output: REM sleep

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: When you're told to turn over and stop snoring, you respond without much effort or processing if you are in a state of:

Output: minimal consciousness.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: The large, slow brain waves associated with Stage 4 sleep are called:

Output: delta waves.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: During the course of a full night s sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in

Output: REM sleep than in Stage 4 sleep.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

Output: suprachiasmatic nucleus.

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is

Output: dreaming

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: Advertising companies that tried to influence consumers' shopping habits by incorporating subliminal messages into commercials appealed to what type of unconscious?

Output: cognitive

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.


Input: VERTICALLY Favorable fractures

Output: Which type of fracture resists the medial pull of the medial pterygoid on the proximal fragment when viewed in the vertical plane?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Digastric and Suprahyoid muscles pulling the segment posteriorly

Output: With a bilateral parasymphyseal fracture, the actions of what muscles put the patient in danger?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Flail segment

Output: What is the term for the portion of the mandible detached by bilateral parasympyseal fractures?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Denotalveolar fracture

Output: Any fracture limited to the tooth-bearing area?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Symphysis fracture

Output: A fracture running in a vertical direction in the midline of the mandible

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Parasymphyseal fracture

Output: A fracture found between the lateral mandibular incisor anteriorly and the mandibular foramen posteriorly

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Mandibular body fracture

Output: Any fracture between the mandibular foramen anteriorly and the distal aspect of the 2nd molar posteriorly

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Ascending ramus fracture

Output: A fracture extending horizonatally through both the anterior and posterior borders of the ramus OR vertically from the sigmoid notch to the inferior border of the mandible

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Ramus and Condyle fractures because they generally do not communicate with the exterior

Output: What are the 2 types of fractures most likely to be considered Simple fractures? Why?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: A compound fracture because it may be associated with the periodontal ligament.

Output: A fracture that has not torn through the mucosa and is not associated with a laceration can still be considered what kind of fracture?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Greenstick fracture

Output: A fracture that only goes through one cortex, and not the other, most commonly seen in children?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Implies damage to structures adjacent to the bone such as major vessels, nerves, or joints. Think IA canal or mental foramen

Output: How can a fracture be classified as complex or complicated? That's personification!

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: 1) Telescoped 2) Impacted

Output: What are the two possible names for a fracture in which one fractured segment is forcibly wedged into the other?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Pathologic fracture

Output: A type of fracture that occurs with normal forces applied to weakened bone.

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Phenothiazines

Output: What class of drugs is commonly associated with anterior dislocation of the mandible? (jaw is stuck open)

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: 1. Mandibular body 2. Condyle 3. Angle 4. Symphysyeal region 5. Coronoid process 6. Alveolar body

Output: What are the most common sites of mandible fracture? In order from greatest to least!

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Edentulous patients

Output: What patients are Gunning splints used in?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: 1. Unfavorable or unstable fractures (remember : horizontally or vertically) 2. Parasymphyseal fractures 3. Prolonged delay in txt 4. Complex facial fractures 5. Medically compromised pts. 6. Condylar fracture associated with another mandible fracture

Output: What are the major indications for open reduction of a fractured mandible?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: 1. Those with decreased pulmonary function 2. Patients with GI disorders 3. Epileptics 4. Patients with psychiatric disorders

Output: What are the types of medically compromised patients in whom you would consider ORIF vs. CRIMF?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: 1. Foreign body within with capsule 2. Fracture into the middle cranial fossa 3. Extracapsular dislocation 4. Mechanical stop present OR, if you can't bring the teeth into occlusion for CRIMF, but that's a copout answer.

Output: What are the Absolute indications for open reduction of a condylar fracture? (FFEM)

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Page 419 or page 19 of 34 in the computer file version.

Output: Know the relative indications for ORIF of a condylar fx. They are on page __ of Petersons

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: A bridle wire

Output: What is another name for an Essig wire?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Gunning splints

Output: What can you use to achieve closed reduction and fixation in edentulous patients?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: 1. Unfavorable/Unstable fx 2. Prolonged delay in txt 3. Concurrent condylar fx associated with mandible fx 4. Complex facial fx

Output: What are the indications for open reduction of mandible fractures?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: 1. If there's a simpler way to treat the fx 2. Gunshot wounds 3. Fractures with small comminuted segments

Output: What are some general contraindications to ORIF of mandible fx?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Parasymphyseal fractures because of the pull of the suprahyoid and digastric muscles

Output: Which type of mandible fracture is best treated with open reduction? why?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: A 4 mm, 30° endoscope

Output: When doing an endoscopic approach to a condylar fracture, what type endoscope is used?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: 1. Loose teeth; gross pathology like caries or perio 2. Partially erupted 3rds with periorcoronitis or cyst 3. Teeth prevent reduction of fx 4. With fractured roots 5. Tooth with exposed apices 6. Delay in txt

Output: Why extract teeth in the line of fracture?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Output: What percentage of fractures end up with delayed or nonunion?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Alpha hemolytic Strep and Bacteroides species

Output: Which bacterial species are most commonly found in mandibular fractures?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Output: Whaht percentage of fractures result in permanent mental nerve injury?


Input: 25% !

Output: What percentage of pediatric patients suffer growth disturbance after condylar fractures?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Adults

Output: Internal derangement is more common in which population post-mandible fx? adults or children


Input: Children

Output: Ankylosis is more common in which population post-mandible fx? Adults or children


Input: 1. Patients under the age of 10 2. Intracapsular fractures with fracture dislocation and telescoping 3. Compound, comminuted fractures

Output: What groups of patients are at greatest risk of ankylosis?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: The mental foramen: mental nerve, artery, vein

Output: What is the most significant neurovascular structure to be aware of when doing a vestibular approach to the mandible?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Sensory to the skin and mucosa of the lower lip, skin in the region of the chin, facial gingiva of the ant. teeth

Output: What type of innervation does the mental nerve provide?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: 3, one to the skin of the chin, the others to the mucosa and gingiva

Output: How many main branches does the mental nerve have?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Through the periosteum in the region of the mandibular antegonial notch

Output: Where would you incise to encounter the facial artery and vein during surgery?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Periosteum. Significance is that if you are dissecting, best to do it subperiosteal in the antegonial region to avoid these vessels

Output: What is the only structure that lies between the facial vessels and bone?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: It is the only elevator of the lower lip and chin

Output: What is the significance of the mentalis muscle to facial expression?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: NO! The mentalis is innervated by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve.

Output: What nerve innervates the mentalis? Is it the mental nerve?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: To avoid the buccal fat pad, as well as the buccal artery and nerve

Output: When extending a vestibular incision posteriorly, why would you incise no higher than the mandibular occlusal plane?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: In the anterior region because you have to re-attach the mentalis to avoid ptosis of the lip and chin

Output: In what region of the mandible is in NOT acceptable to close in just one layer?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: The Risdon approach

Output: What is another name for the submandibular approach to the mandible?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: Because in 19% of cases, the marginal mandibular branch lies below the inferior border of the mandible

Output: Why is it important to incise the mandible at least 1.5cm below the inferior border of the mandible during a Risdon appproach?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: The facial vein joins with the retromandibular vein to become the internal jugular vein

Output: What vein does the facial vein empty into?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: The skin and the submucosa

Output: What layers do you initially incise through with the Risdon approach?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: The platysma lies just superior the the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia which you do NOT want to haphazardly incise

Output: Why do you undermine and then resect the platysma? Why not just go for it?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: The superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia

Output: What fascial layer makes up the capsule of the submandibular gland?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: The node of Stahr is a submandibular lymph node that alerts the surgeon to the presence of the facial artery

Output: What is the significance of the node of Stahr in this surgical approach?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: At the premasseteric notch

Output: At what point on the mandible is there only periosteum anterior and pterygomasseteric sling?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: The inferior portion

Output: What is the most avascular portion of the pterygomasseteric sling and thus the best portion to incise thru?

Mandible Fractures Flashcards - Cram.com

Which type of fracture resists upward displacing muscular forces when viewed in a horizontal plane?


Input: [Auschwitz] Viet Cong

Output: -was South Vietnamese Communist guerrillas backed by the North Vietnamese -almost seized the country through their ranks in military units and attacks from the North Vietnam -persistence of the Viet Cong defeated the U.S. despite their inferior equipment and weapons

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] SALT I

Output: -is the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the U.S. and the USSR during the Cold War -this froze ballistic missile launchers between the 2 countries *this showed that treaties between two opposing countries was possible

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Yalta Conference

Output: -this is where the three Allied leaders met before they had defeated the Germans -it was a wartime conference to plan the final assault on Germany and postwar settlements *showed the Allied wartime diplomacy and international relations were possible

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Fidel Castro

Output: -was a left-wing revolutionary who had overthrown the Cuban dictator and established a Soviet-supported totalitarian *this was the U.S.'s major threat since Castro would work with the Soviet right off the shores of the U.S., example, the Cuban Missile Crisis

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Douglas McArthur

Output: -the American general who led the offensive operations in the Pacific against Japan-held islands -he proceeded by the process know as "island hopping" *helped fight in the island hopping and the Korean War

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Mikhail Gorbachev

Output: -became USSR's 1st President after his radical reforms as Party secretary -his perestroika or radical reforms created a lean towards parliament style gov't with Communist as the lead *weakened the Communist Party through his perestroika and gave the people a say in the gov't

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Bay of Pigs

Output: -was an American-supported attempt to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro -the attempt was a failure *Castro's Communist influences in Cuba would continue and he will allow the USSR to station nuclear missiles in Cuba

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Ho Chi Minh

Output: -was the leader of the Vietnamese Communist Party who controlled the North Vietnam with Soviet Union support -he also supported the Viet Cong in the South *his take over of the North led to the American's involvement in Vietnam b/c of their Domino Theory against Communism

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Glasnost

Output: -was a important instrument to Gorbachev's perestroika reforms -it meant "openess" and allowed the Soviet people to talk openly about the strengths and weaknesses of the Soviet Union *led to ethnic groups protesting b/c of tensions that resurfaced and led to believing the Communist Party couldn't run the country

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Kristallnacht

Output: -after the assassination of a 3rd secretary in the German embassy in Paris by a young Polish Jew, led to a Nazi Party destructive rampage over the Jews -synagogues were burned down, destroyed Jewish businesses and killed over a 100 Jews *led to more round-ups of Jewish people and tighter, more extreme rules against Jewish people

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Potsdam Conference

Output: -was a conference held to discuss the postwar steps for European countries and what to do with Germany -Truman wanted free elections and Stalin thought that would led to anti-Soviet and was a threat to him *showed the complete opposition between the USSR and the U.S.

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Taliban

Output: -is a fundamentalists Islamic militia that supported Bin Laden's al-Qaeda *allowed the al-Queda to put through their plans of terrorism through their support and protection, for example, 9/11 attacks

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Nikita Khrushchev

Output: -was the leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin -he eliminated Stalin's worst features of his regime -tried to use Soviet advances such as ICBMs and Sputnik to push Western influence out of West Berlin and then eventually put up Berlin Wall *never succeeded on removing Western power out of Berlin and de-Stalinized the USSR

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Berlin Airlift

Output: -was the answer to the Berlin Wall that blockaded food and supplies -Western Allied air forces dropped supplies into Berlin *the Berlin Wall would not stop the great economy and prosperity set up by the Western powers

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Dachau

Output: -was a concentration camp that held political opponents -wasn't an extermination camp and prisoners were eventually released as a pardon action *this was the 1st concentration camp opened by the Nazi Party

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps


Input: [Auschwitz] Marshall Plan

Output: -was a European Recovery Program to help rebuild war-torn countries in Europe -this followed the Truman Doctrine in efforts to prevent the spread of Communism *was created to stop the spread of Communism b/c the Marshall Plan believed Communist fed off weak economies and helped countries that were economically weak like Italy

Final Exam for History 1121 Deem Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

-was an extermination center or death camp built to kill European Jews -this was the Nazi's plan after their Einsatzgruppen plan -Auschwitz was the largest of these death camps