Input: Before entering the lab...

Output: Make sure you have read through the lab

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: ABSOLUTLY NO...

Output: horseplay, jokes, and pranks

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: Will your teacher give you extra credit for doing a lab not given?

Output: NONE never do one that's not instructed

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: Know where...

Output: the first aid, eyewash station, safety shower, fire extinguisher, and the fire blanket is

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: Always wear...

Output: goggles and lab aprons

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: When should you not do a lab?

Output: When an instructor is not present

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: Work areas should be...

Output: cean n tidy at all times

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: Never mix chemicals...

Output: in a sink, put chemicals and solids in a garbage can

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: Before using chemicals...

Output: read the labels very carefully

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: When using chemicals..

Output: don't touch your face eyes or mouth. Wash your hands after use, and clean work surface area.

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: When doing a lab...

Output: don't wander around the room or distract other students

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: Never enter the..

Output: storage rooms unless given permission from the teacher

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: If a fire drill happens...

Output: close all containers, turn valves off, and turn off all electrical equipment

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: If a thermometer is broken...

Output: dont touch the mercury and tell a teacher

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: If you have left over chemicals dont

Output: return them to the original containers

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: How do you fill a pipette?

Output: use a rubber bulb or pippette pump

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: When using acid..

Output: always add acid to water and stir, be careful of the heat given off

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: Handle flammable liquids..

Output: over a pan, never put it anywher near an open flame or soarce of heat

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: What should you do when glass is broken?

Output: Use a dustpan and dispose in a proper container, never pick it up with your hands

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: When insurting & removing glass tubing from rubber stoppers..

Output: lubricate glasswear, protect your hands with towels or gloves- if it becomes frozen, take it to instructor for removal

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: Don't imerse hot glasswhere..

Output: in cold water, it could shatter

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: When you use a gas burner, don't ..

Output: stuick anything in it..unless instructed to do so---- don't leave flame unattended

Yes, you should wear goggles when heat, glass, or chemicals are being used


Input: [1] 〜てもらう [2]

Output: done for you by others at your request benefactor に make requests 〜てもらえますか

JPN 3902 L. 7-9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] 〜てくれる [2]

Output: done by someone toward you or members of your family spontaneously benefactor に

JPN 3902 L. 7-9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] 〜てあげる [2]

Output: service done by the subject toward someone else, doing someone a favor

JPN 3902 L. 7-9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] 〜てあげてください [2]

Output: asking to do a favor for a third person

JPN 3902 L. 7-9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] つもり [2]

Output: express intention verbs take plain form past tense meant to do did not come to pass make excuses

JPN 3902 L. 7-9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Passive form [2]

Output: ５だん ーないstem + れる １だん ーないstem + られる

JPN 3902 L. 7-9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] 〜とした時 [2]

Output: about to do something when... volitional form

JPN 3902 L. 7-9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] 〜としましたが [2]

Output: tried to do, but couldn't... volitional form

JPN 3902 L. 7-9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] 間 [2]

Output: verbs: 〜ている form nouns: 間のnoun~

JPN 3902 L. 7-9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Causative [2]

Output: to make or to let someone do something 5だん ーないstem + せる 1だん ーないstem + させる

JPN 3902 L. 7-9 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the symptoms of Passive Schizophrenia?

Output: Withdrawal from interaction with people No emotional response

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: How many people are affected with schizophrenia in the US?

Output: 2 million

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: Approximately how many people in the US are being treated for schizphrenia

Output: only half

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: When does schizohrenia usually start

Output: in adolescents or early adulthood

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the suicide rate for people with schizophrenia

Output: about 10%

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the cause of schizophrenia

Output: There is a genetic compenent that is found with twin studies and higher incidences in families there is also an environmental component

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the pathophysiology of schizophrenia

Output: either too many dopamine receptors or they are too sensitive

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the 1st anti-psychotic drug?

Output: Chlorpromazine

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the low potency typical antipsychotic agents?

Output: thioridizine and chlorpromazine

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the mechanism of the low potency typical anti-psychotics?

Output: block dopamine1(DA1) and dopamine2(DA2) receptors

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the mechanism of action of thioridizine?

Output: block dopamine1(DA1) and dopamine2(DA2) receptors

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the mechanism of action of chlorpromazine?

Output: block dopamine1(DA1) and dopamine2(DA2) receptors

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the side affects of thioridizine?

Output: sedation and some extrapyramidal effects

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the side effects of chlorpromazine?

Output: sedation and some extrapyramidal effects

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the high potency typical anti-psychotic agents?

Output: trifluoperazine and haloperidol

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the difference between low potency and high potency anti-psychotic agents

Output: They have more extra pyramidal effects then sedation

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the mechanism of trifluoperazine?

Output: Work on DA1 and DA2

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the mechanism of haloperidol

Output: Work on DA1 and DA2

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the atypical anti-psychotics

Output: clozapine, olanzapine, riperidone, aripirazole

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the mechanism of action of the atypical anti-psychotics?

Output: Act on DA2 and serotonin receptors

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the mechanism of action of clozapine?

Output: Act on DA2 and serotonin receptors

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the mechanism of action of olanzapine?

Output: Act on DA2 and serotonin receptors

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the mechanism of action of riperidone

Output: block DA2 and serotonin receptors

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the difference between the atypical and the typical anti-psychotics?

Output: fewer side affects and the atypical may work better with negative side affects

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What long is the onset of the typical anti-psychotic drugs?

Output: All take as least several days to work and several weeks to have a full affect

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the distribution of the typical anti-psychotic drugs?

Output: They are highly lipid soluble and tightly bound to circulating proteins in the blood and may be possible to discontinue use and still see metabolites in the blood 18 months later

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What other receptors might the typical anti-psychotic drugs work on?

Output: histamine, norepi, serotonin

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: Where are the sites of action for the typical anti-psychotic drugs in the CNS and what will the effects of each be?

Output: Cortical Sites- will lower intellectual function Basal Ganglion - will cause extrapyramidal effects Hypothalmus - will alter hormone function Chemoreceptor trigger zone Anti-emetics - prevent nausea

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the two sites major sites of action for the typical anti-psychotic drugs

Output: CNS and autonomic

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What affects do the typical anti-psychotics drugs have in the autonomic system

Output: Anti-cholineurgic and antihistamine

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What percentage of patients will have extra pyramidal effects if they take typical anti-psychotics?

Output: 40%

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are dystonias?

Output: Movement of the head neck and face

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What do extrapyramidal effects consist of?

Output: Bradykinesia, tremors, kinesia, dystonias, ocucogynic crisis and akathisia

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is a ocuogynic crsis?

Output: A fixed stare

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is akathisia

Output: need for constant movement

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the extrapyamidal effects of the typical anti-psychotic drugs treated with

Output: an anti-cholineurgic drug - benztropine

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: Why does sedation occur when one uses typical anti-psychotics?

Output: Due to the anti-histamine affects of the autonomic nervous system

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: Why does postural hypotension occur when administration of typical anti-psychotics

Output: Due to a alpha 1 blockade

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the alterations in the visual systems that can occur with typical anti-psychotics?

Output: diplopia, photophobia, glaucoma, dry eye, blurry vision, irreversible pigmentation of lens, sclera and conj

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: Why is the glaucoma worsened when one takes a typical anti-psychotic agent?

Output: Due to the anti-cholinergic effects

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What endocrine disturbances occur with typical anti-psychotics

Output: increase in prolactin

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Output: high fever, high blood pressure and msucle rigidity

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the side effects of typical anti-psychotic drugs?

Output: extrapyramidal effects, sedation, postural hypotension, hypersensitivity reaction, alterations in the visual system, Endocrine disturbances, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, dysphoria

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What will the typical antipsychotic drugs interact with

Output: Any other CNS drug including alcohol

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What other uses do the typical anti-psychotic drugs have besides schizophrenia

Output: treatment of prolonged hiccups treatment of tourettes Motion sickness by decreasing nausea

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the differences between the typical and the atypical anti-psychotics?

Output: All have fewer extrapyramidal effects, fewer hormonal effects but can cause sedation, weight gain and associated with diabetes and agranulocytosis

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the negative side effects of atypical anti-psychotics not seen with typical anti-psychotics

Output: more sedation, weight gain, they are associated with diabetes and agranulocytosis

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What are the atypical anti-psychotics?

Output: clozapine, aripiprazole, risperdone, olanzapine

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is the trade name of aripirazole?

Output: abilify

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: What is apripirazole used to treat

Output: Can be used as an atypical anti-psychotic to treat schizophrena or to treat bipolar disorder

Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence


Input: [1] Fossil [2]

Output: the preserved remains of an ancient organism Ex: bones, skeletons, scales, shells, imprints

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] evolution [2]

Output: change in a kind of organism over time

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] species [2]

Output: a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] adaptation [2]

Output: characteristic that helps an organism survive

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] population [2]

Output: group of individuals of a species that live in the same area

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] gene pool [2]

Output: genetic information of all the members in a population

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Biogeography [2]

Output: the geographic distribution of species

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] homologous structures [2]

Output: features that have different functions but are structurally similar because of common ancestry

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] vestigial organs [2]

Output: structures of very little importance Ex: appendix, tailbone

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Embryology [2]

Output: vertebral organisms have similar embryonic developmental stages

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Natural selection [2]

Output: variation-> competition-> reproduction-> evolution organism that is best adapted survives then reproduces such that offspring inherit their favorable traits (survival of the fittest)

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artificial selection [2]

Output: humans select the desired traits and breed the organisms such that the new generation inherits the selected traits

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Lamarck's theory [2]

Output: Theory of use and disuse of traits in 1809: continually acquired features that would help them live thought those traits would move onto offspring the DNA is not changed therefore the offspring will not inherit said acquired traits

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] competition [2]

Output: natural resources are limited these offspring struggle to survive

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Fitness [2]

Output: the ability to survive and reproduce in its environment

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Genetic drift [2]

Output: change in the gene pool due to chance

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Founder effect [2]

Output: colonization of a new location by a small number of individuals

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Bottleneck Effect [2]

Output: event that drastically reduces the population

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] gene flow [2]

Output: migration

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] mutation [2]

Output: change in DNA

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] speciation [2]

Output: the formation of a new species Separation Accumulation of adaptations Division

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] reproductive isolation [2]

Output: occurs when the members of 2 populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] geographic isolation [2]

Output: when populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers or mountains

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] temporal isolation [2]

Output: when populations of similar species mate at different times

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] behavioral isolation [2]

Output: when populations that have differences in courtship rituals that prevent them from breeding

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] neutral variation [2]

Output: genetic variation that provides no apparent selective advantage for individuals

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Genetic equilibrium [2]

Output: when all gene frequencies in a population stay constant

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] 5 Conditions to maintain genetic equilibrium (Hardy + Weinberg) [2]

Output: Population must be large No gene flow into or out of the population No mutations Mating must be random No natural selection

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mechanisms for evolution [2]

Output: Natural selection Genetic Drift Gene Flow Mutations Non-random mating

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] About Darwin [2]

Output: Born 1809 Trip to Galapagos Theory of natural selection

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the ordering of nursing diagnoses or client problems using notions of urgency and/or importance to establish a preferential order for nursing actions. [Planning]

Output: Priority setting

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: diagnoses that, if untreated, result in harm to the client or others. They can be either physiological or psychological [Planning]

Output: High priority nursing diagnosis

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: involve the non-emergent, non-life threatening needs of the client [Planning]

Output: Intermediate priority nursing diagnosis

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: not always directly related to a specific illness or prognosis but affect the clients' future well-being. [Planning]

Output: Low priority nursing diagnosis

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: development of preliminary plan of care following admission assessment and initial selection of nursing diagnoses. Important in addressing nursing dx and collaborative problems to hasten problem resolution [Planning]

Output: Initial planning

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: continuous updating of the clients' plan of care. as condition changes sometimes revise the initial plan of care and further individualize your interventions. [Planning]

Output: Ongoing Planning

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: involves critical anticipation and preparation for meeting the clients needs after discharge [Planning]

Output: Discharge panning

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: shifts in attention from one client to another during the conduct of the nursing process. shift of attention occurs in response to client needs changing, new procedures being ordered, or environmental processes interacting. [Planning]

Output: cognitive shift

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: is an aim, intent, or end. A broad statement that describes the desired change in a client's condition or behavior [Planning]

Output: Goal

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: measurable criteria to evaluate goal achievement, which you expect to occur in response to nursing care. [Planning]

Output: Expected outcomes

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: provide specific statements of client behavior or physiological responses that you set to achieve nursing diagnosis or collaborative problem resolution. Provide a clear focus for the type of interventions necessary [Planning]

Output: Purpose of goals and expected outcomes

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a specific and measurable behavior or response that reflects a clients highest possible level of wellness and independence in function. [Planning]

Output: client-centered goal

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an objective behavior or response that you expect a client to achieve in a short time, usually less than a week [Planning]

Output: short-term goal

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an objective behavior or response that you expect a client to achieve over a longer period of time, usually several days, weeks, or months. [Planning]

Output: Long-term goal

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an individual, family, or community state, behavior, or perception that is measurable along a continuum in response to a nursing intervention [Planning]

Output: nursing-sensitive client outcome

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: client-centered, singular, observable, measurable, time-limited, mutual, and realistic [Planning]

Output: Guidelines for writing goals and expected outcomes

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: write a goal to reflect client behavior, not to reflect nursing goals. ex. Client will ambulate in the hall 3 times a day [Planning]

Output: Guidelines for writing goals- Client-centered

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: be precise in evaluating a client response to a nursing action, each goal/outcome addresses only one behavior or response. Ex. lungs will be clear to auscultation by 8/22 [Planning]

Output: Guidelines for writing goals- Singular

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: need to be able to observe if a change takes place in a clients status. occur in physiological findings and the clients knowledge, perceptions, and behavior. Observe by assessment or asking client directly. Ex. client will be able to self-administer insulin [Planning]

Output: Guidelines for writing goals- Observable

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: set goals/outcomes that set standards against which to measure the client's response to nursing care, do not use vague qualifiers but use terms that describe quantity, quality, frequency, length or weight allow you to evaluate precisely [Planning]

Output: Guidelines for Writing Goals- Measurable

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: each goal/income should indicate when you expect the response to occur which assist in determining if client is making progress, and they promote accountability in the delivery and management of nursing care [Planning]

Output: Guidelines for Writing Goals- Time-limited

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: mutually set goals to ensure client and nurse agree on the direction and time limits of care which will increase the client's motivation and cooperation [Planning]

Output: Guidelines for Writing Goals- Mutual Factors

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: set goals that client is able to reach, but realistic goals provide hope which increases motivation and cooperation. be aware of limitations, and client ability. [Planning]

Output: Guidelines for Writing Goals- Realistic

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: actions that are initiated by the nurse, and do not require direction or an order form another health care professional. These pertain to ADL's, health education, health promotion, and counseling [Planning]

Output: Independent Nursing Interventions

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: actions that require an order from a physician or another health care professional, which are based on treatment/management of medical diagnosis. You intervene by carrying out the orders [Planning]

Output: Dependent Nursing Interventions

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: require the combined knowledge, skill, and expertise of multiple health care professionals. [Planning]

Output: Collaborative Interventions/interdependent interventions

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: consider six important factors: characteristics of the nursing dx; goals and expected outcomes; evidence base for the interventions; feasibility of the intervention; acceptability to the client; and your own competency [Planning]

Output: Selection of interventions

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: enhances the continuity of nursing care by listing specific nursing interventions needed to achieve the goals of care. [Planning]

Output: Nursing Care plan

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: useful for learning the problem-solving technique, the nursing process, skills of written communication, and organizational skills needed for nursing care. [Planning]

Output: Student care plan

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the reason that you chose a specific nursing action, based on supporting evidence. Needs to include a reference, document the source from the scientific literature [Planning]

Output: Scientific Rationale

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Does not have a scientific rationale, as it is assumed that the nurses know the rationales for recommended interventions, and the focus will differ by setting and evolving client situation [Planning]

Output: Institutional care plans

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: multidisciplinary treatment plans that outline the treatments or interventions clients need to have while they are in a health care setting for a specific disease or condition [Planning]

Output: Critical Pathways

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a process in which you seek the expertise of a specialist, such as your nursing instructor, to identify ways to handle problems in client management or the planning and implementation of therapies. [Planning]

Output: Consultation

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: begins after the nurse develops a plan of care, the nurse initiates interventions that are most likely to achieve the goals, and expected outcomes needed to support or improve the clients health status [Planning]

Output: Implementation

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: any treatment, based upon clinical judgment and knowledge, that a nurse performs to enhance client outcomes [Planning]

Output: nursing intervention

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: treatments performed through interactions with clients [Planning]

Output: direct care interventions

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: treatments performed away from the client but on behalf of the client or group of clients [Planning]

Output: indirect care interventions

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a preprinted document containing orders for the conduct of routine therapies, monitoring guidelines, and/or diagnostic procedures for specific clients with identified clinical problems. give the nurse legal protection to intervene appropriately in the client's best interest. [Planning]

Output: Standing orders

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: reassessing the client, reviewing and revising the existing plan of care, organizing resources and care delivery, anticipating and preventing complications, and implementing nursing interventions [Planning]

Output: What should be done before implementation?

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a document that guides decisions and interventions for specific health care problems or conditions [Planning]

Output: Clinical Guideline

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: assessment should be a continuous process that occurs each time you interact with the client. It helps you decide if the proposed nursing action is still appropriate. [Planning]

Output: Reassessing the Client

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Care plans have to modified to reflect the patients most current status. Revise data in assessment column to reflect current status. Revise the nursing diagnosis as needed. Revise specific interventions that correspond to each new diagnosis or goal. Determine the method of evaluation for determining achieved outcomes. [Planning]

Output: Reviewing and Revising the care Plan

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Make sure needed equipment is available, in working order, and safe for client. make sure the personnel needed for action are available. Make sure that the environment is safe and conducive to the implementation of therapies. Be sure the client is as physically and psychologically comfortable as possible. [Planning]

Output: Preparing for Care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Be alert for and recognize risks, adapt choice of interventions to the situation, evaluate the relative benefit of the treatment versus the risk, and then initiate risk preventive measures [Planning]

Output: Anticipate and Prevent Complications

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: include: Cognitive skills, interpersonal skills, and pyschomotor skills. [Planning]

Output: Implementations Skills

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: involve the application of critical thinking in the nursing process. use good judgment and make sound clinical decisions. no intervention should be automatic. [Planning]

Output: Cognitive Skills for Implementation

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Developing a trusting relationship, expressing a level of caring, communicating clearly with client and family. Good skills are critical for keeping clients informed, providing individualized teaching, and effectively supporting clients with challenging emotional needs. [Planning]

Output: Interpersonal Skills for Implementation

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Includes: Activities of Daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, physical care techniques, lifesaving measures, counseling, teaching, controlling adverse reactions, and preventive measures [Planning]

Output: Direct Care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: activities usually performed in the course of a normal day, including ambulation, eating, dressing, bathing, brushing teeth and grooming. Assistance with ADL may be partial or complete. [Planning]

Output: Activities of Daily Living-direct care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: skills such as shopping, preparing meals, writing checks, and taking medications. (occupational therapists are useful for training clients to adapt approaches with IADL) [Planning]

Output: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living-direct care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: include turning and positioning; performing invasive procedures/ administering medication, and providing comfort measures. often involve protecting you and client from injury, using proper infection control practices, staying organized and following applicable practice guidelines. [Planning]

Output: Physical Care Techniques-direct care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a physical care technique that you use when a client's physiological or psychological state is threatening, and the purpose is to restore equilibrium. Include: administering emergency medications, instituting CPR, intervening to protect a confused or violent client, and obtaining immediate counseling from a crisis center for severely anxious clients. [Planning]

Output: Lifesaving measures- direct care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a direct care method that helps the client use a problem-solving process to recognize and manage stress and to facilitate interpersonal relationships. Involves emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and psychological support, and can foster cognitive, behavioral, developmental, experiental, and emotional growth in clients. [Planning]

Output: Counseling-direct care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: usually closely aligned with counseling, but is focused on the intellectual growth or the acquisition of new knowledge or psycho-motor skills. Correct principles, procedures, techniques of health care are taught, and clients are informed of health status. include topics such as medication administration scheduled, activity restrictions, health promotion activities, and knowledge about disease and related complications. [Planning]

Output: Teaching-direct care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a harmful or unintended effect of a medication, diagnostic test, or therapeutic intervention. Nursing actions must know how to reduce or counteract adverse reactions. Must be able to recognize signs and symptoms of an adverse reaction and intervene in a timely manner. [Planning]

Output: Adverse reactions-direct care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: promote health and prevent illness to avoid the need for acute or rehabilitative health care. Includes assessment and promotion of client's health potential, application of prescribed measures, health teaching, and identification of risk factors for illness and/or trauma [Planning]

Output: Preventive Measures-direct care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Include communicating nursing interventions, and delegating, supervising, and evaluating the work of other staff members [Planning]

Output: Indirect Care Measures

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: plans that represent the contributions of all disciplines caring for a client. [Planning]

Output: interdisciplinary care plan

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: any intervention you provide must be communicated in a written and/or oral format. The information written in a medical records about interventions/and need for them will allow other personnel to know what is being done for the client. Verbally communicating also allows others to know what is being done and what still needs to be done. Communication helps reduce duplication of services, prevents delays in care, and helps tasks to get completed. [Planning]

Output: Communicating Nursing interventions- indirect care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Some care tasks may be delegated to other staff members, but the nurse is accountable for the care provided/not provided. [Planning]

Output: Delegating, supervising, and evaluation of the work of other staff members

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Nursing care is implemented to meet client goals and outcomes [Planning]

Output: Achieving goals

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: clients and families invest time in carrying out required treatments (another way to achieve goals) [Planning]

Output: Client adherence

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An ongoing process that occurs anytime you have contact with a client. Involves two components: an examination of condition or situation and then a judgement as to whether change has occurred. You conduct evaluative measure to see if outcomes/goals are met, not if nursing interventions were completed! [Planning]

Output: Evaluation

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Identifying evaluative criteria and standards; collecting data to determine whether the criteria or standards are met; interpreting and summarizing findings; documenting findings and any clinical judgments; and terminating, continuing, or revising the care plan [Planning]

Output: Five Elements of the Evaluation Process

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: assessment skills and techniques (auscultation, observation, discussion, and inspection) are actually the same as the assessment but performed at the point of care when you make decisions about the client's status and progress [Planning]

Output: Evaluative Measures

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the minimum level of care accepted to ensure high quality of care to clients, and define the types of therapies typically administered to clients with defined problems. [Planning]

Output: Standard of Care

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: describe an approach to the continuous study and improvement of the processes of providing health care services to meet the needs or clients and others [Planning]

Output: Quality improvement (QI)/Performance improvement (PI)

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: managing the individual clinical outcomes of clients as a result of prescribed treatments (used to conduct a formal measurement of system-level performance and effectiveness ex. # of hospital re-admissions, infection rates, # of missed appointments) [Planning]

Output: Outcomes Management

Key Terms- N210 Chapters 18-20 Unit 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] entrepreneur

Output: A person who starts and/or operates a business.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] reluctant entrepreneur

Output: A person who becomes an entrepreneur as a result of some severe hardship.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] refugee

Output: A person who becomes an entrepreneur to escape an undesirable situation.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] founder

Output: An entrepreneur who brings a new firm into existence.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] franchisee

Output: An entrepreneur whose power is limited by a contractual relationship with a franchising organization.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] high-potential venture

Output: A small firm that has great prospects for growth.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] attractive small firm

Output: A small firm that provides substantial profits to its owner.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] microbusiness

Output: A small firm that provides minimal profits to its owner.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] lifestyle business

Output: A microbusiness that permits the owner to follow a desired pattern of living.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] entrepreneurial team

Output: Two or more prople who work together as entrepreneurs on one endeavor.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] artisan entrepreneur

Output: A person with primarily technical skills and little business knowledge who starts a business.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] opportunistic entrepreneur

Output: A person with both sophisticated managerial skills and technical knowledge who starts a business.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] internal locus of control

Output: A belief that one's success depends on one's own efforts.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] external locus of control

Output: A belief that one's life is controlled more by luck or fate than by one's own efforts.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] precipitating event

Output: An event, such as losing a job, that moves an individual to become an entrepreneur.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] entrepreneurial legacy

Output: Material assets and intangible qualities passed on to both heirs and society.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] integrity

Output: An uncompromising adherence to doing what is right and proper.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] ethical issues

Output: Questions of right and wrong.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] stakeholders

Output: Individuals who can affect or are affected by the performance of the company.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] social responsibilities

Output: Ethical obligations to customers, employees, and the community.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] intellectual property

Output: Original intellectual creations, including inventions, literary creations, and works of art, that are protected by patents or copyrights.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] ethical imperialism

Output: The belief that the ethical standards of one's own country can be applied universally.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] ethical relativism

Output: The belief that ethical standards are subject to local interpretation.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] underlying values

Output: Unarticulated ethical beliefs that provide a foundation for ethical behavior in a firm.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] code of ethics

Output: Official standards of employee behavior formulated by a firm.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] bait advertising

Output: An insincere offer to sell a product or service at a very low price, used to lure customers in so that they can be switched later to a more expensive product or service.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [entrepreneurial opportunity] environmentalism

Output: The effort to protect and preserve the environment.

A value-creating innovation with market potential.


Input: [2] stressing trivial points of learning lacking a sense of proportion in scholarship [1]

Output: pedantic

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] stubborn unyeilding holding firmly to one belief [1]

Output: pertinacious

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ornate stiff having the dignity of a priest or pope [1]

Output: pontificial

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] making claims against distinctions showy [1]

Output: pretentious

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] wordy long winded [1]

Output: prolix

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] childish silly young [1]

Output: puerile

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] inactive, in respons, latent [1]

Output: quiescent

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] unruly, refusing to obey authority [1]

Output: recalcitrant

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] hard to control, restless, contrary [1]

Output: restive

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] course, vulgar in language, irreverent [1]

Output: ribald

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] sarcastic, bitterly sneering [1]

Output: sardonic

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] busy, working hard, diligent [1]

Output: sedulous

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] flimsy or thin in texture or substance, of poor quality [1]

Output: sleazy

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] naughty, arrogant, contemptuous [1]

Output: supercilious

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] sensuous, full of sensual delight and pleasures [1]

Output: voluptuous

601 Words Chapter 27 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: i hate pompous toddlers who use fancy words like 'discuss'

Output: I hate raisens in my food because they're sweet and dinner shouldnt be sweet

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: i hate all the pollution in the air making the sky gray and colorless

Output: i hate people who talk loud on their cell phones in public

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: i hate how dogs just use poeple. all they want is food and a patting

Output: i hate when people take up two seats on trains, one for their bag and one for themself

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: i hate liberals with all theose stickers on their car and hog up two lanes on the road

Output: i hate tow truck drivers down the street like its the indy 500

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: i worry about not getting consistent 8 hours of sleep every night

Output: i hate that my dog is so depressed all tht time

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: i worry about growing more chest hair than i already have especially on my back

Output: i worry about my sister in law chewing me out the rest of my life

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: i worry about getting eaten alive by large fish on my honeymoon

Output: i worry about not seeing my older brother and family as much as i used to

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: i worry about swearing too much and never being able to stop

Output: i worry about losing my wife in a kidnapping

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: i worry about losing my patience with kids that i accidentally strike one in anger

Output: i worry about not making a single friend in boston after living her 10 years

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: im frightened about having sex with one woman the rest of my life

Output: i worry about lsing my memory and forgetting my wifes name

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: im frightened about slimy tape worms burrowing through my feet; love gummy worms though

Output: im frightened about my brother getting hurt while on tour with his band powerglove

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: im frightened about sitting in the same casket for all of eternity.

Output: im frightened about floating upward and being unable to come back down.

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: im frightened about going to sleep right before a scary movie

Output: im frightened about enemy soldiers taking me hostage and sending me to a concentration camp

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: im frightened about getting held hostage by 'said' from the show LOST

Output: im frightened about not being able to overcome my pron addiction, that ive had since 15

I hate that my hands and feet are always cold


Input: [2] The outer portion of the skin, formed by the epithelial tissue which rests on the dermis [1]

Output: Epidermis


Input: [2] Dense irregular connective tissue that forms the deep layer of the skin [1]

Output: Dermis


Input: [2] Loose connective tissue under the dermis which connects the dermis to muscle or bone [1]

Output: Hypodermis


Input: [2] The process of manufacturing blood cells [1]

Output: Hemopoiesis


Input: [2] Dense bone matrix enclosing only a few small spaces [1]

Output: Compact bone


Input: [2] Bone with many small spaces or cavities surrounding the bone matrix [1]

Output: Cancellous bone


Input: [2] Bone formation [1]

Output: Ossification


Input: [2] Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of a bone in a joint [1]

Output: Articular cartilage


Input: [2] The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it [1]

Output: Appendicular skeleton


Input: [2] The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk [1]

Output: Axial skeleton


Input: [2] A junction between flat bones of the skull [1]

Output: Suture


Input: [2] A projection on a bone [1]

Output: Process


Input: [2] A passageway [1]

Output: Meatus


Input: [2] A hole [1]

Output: Foramen


Input: [2] A hollowed out space in a bone [1]

Output: Sinus


Input: [climacteric] crystallized intelligence

Output: intellectual skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgement, and mastery of social conventions - abilities acquired because they are valued by the individual's culture

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] fluid intelligence

Output: intellectual skills that largely depend on basic information-processing skills -- ability to detect relationships among visual stimuli, speed of analyzing information, and capactiy of working memory; laregely influenced by conditions in the brain and by learning unique to the individual

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] glaucoma

Output: a disease in which poor fluid drainage leads to a buildup of pressure within the eye, damaging the optic nerve; a leading cause of blindness among older adults

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] hardiness

Output: a set of three personal qualities - control, commitment, and challenge - that help people cope with stress adaptively; thereby reducing its impact on illness and mortality

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] hormone therapy

Output: low daily doses of estrogen, aimed at reducing the discomforts of menopause and protecting women from other impairments due to estrogen loss, such as bone deterioration; comes in two types: estrogen alone, or estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), for women who have had hysterectomies (surgical removal of the uterus), and estrogen plus progesterone, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT), for other women

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] information-loss view

Output: a view that attributes age-related slowing of cognitive processing to greater loss of information as it moves through the system; as a result, the whole system must slow down to inspect and interpret the information

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] menopause

Output: the end of menstruation and, therefore, reproductive capacity in women; occurs, on average, in the early fifties among North American, European, and East Asian women, although the agee range is large - from the late thirties to the late fifties

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] neural network view

Output: a view that attributes age-related slowing of cognitive processing to breaks in neural networks as neaurons die; the brain forms bypasses - new synaptic connections that go around the breaks but are less efficient

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] osteoporosis

Output: a severe version of age-related bone loss; porous bones are easily fractured and when very extreme, lead to a slumped-over posture, a shuffling gait, and a "dowager's hump" in the upper back

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] practical problem solving

Output: problem solving that requires people to size up real-world situations and analyze how best to achieve goals that have a high degree of uncertainty

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] presbycusis

Output: age-related hearing impairments that involve a sharp loss at high frequencies around age 50, which gradually extends to all frequencies

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] presbyopia

Output: condition of aging in which, around the age of 60, the lens of the eye loses its capacity to accommodate entirely to nearby objects

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: [climacteric] Type A behavior pattern

Output: a behavior pattern consisting of extreme competitiveness, ambition, impatience, hostility, angry outbursts, and a sense of time pressure

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

midlife transition in which fertility declines; brings an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminshed fertility in men


Input: changes in taste, income, number of buyers, and related goods which cause a fundamental change in the way that consumers view a particular product or service [demand]

Output: determinants of demand

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: changes in resource prices, technology, expectations, related goods, taxes and subsidies or the number of producers which cause a fundamental change in the way that producers view a particular product or service [demand]

Output: determinants of supply

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: that point in an individual market where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. It is always where the curves cross - the market is cleared with no surplus or shortage [demand]

Output: equilibrium

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: this law assumes an inverse relationship between price and quantity. At a higher price, quantity demanded declines - at a lower price, the quantity demanded increases. [demand]

Output: law of demand

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: this law assumes a direct relationship between price and quantity. At a higher price, producers will produce more. At a lower price, the quantity will decline. [demand]

Output: law of supply

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied [demand]

Output: market shortage

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded [demand]

Output: market surplus

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: where buyers and sellers meet. It provided for the free interaction of buyer and seller in the market place. [demand]

Output: market system

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: government sets a price that is below the equilibrium price [demand]

Output: price ceiling

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: government sets a price that is above the equilibrium price [demand]

Output: price floor

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: in a market, price measures scarcity. If the product is more scarce, price goes up; if less scarce, it will go down. Price is an important mechanism for allocating scarce resources in a market. [demand]

Output: price function

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a large number of independently acting buyers and sellers in a market place where no one producer can unduly affect that market. [demand]

Output: pure competition

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: on a demand schedule, this is one amount that corresponds to one price. A change in price will change this. [demand]

Output: quantity demanded

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: on a supply schedule, this is one amount that corresponds to one price. A change in price will change this. [demand]

Output: quantity supplied

Macro - Lesson 3 Key Terms Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] density [1]

Output: What is the amount of mass that fits in a given volume called?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] reactivity [1]

Output: What is the abililty of a substance to go through a chemical change called?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] combustion reaction [1]

Output: When a substance combines with oxygen, produces heat and often light, it is called what?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] stability [1]

Output: What do substances have when they can not go through chemical changes very easily?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] decomposition reaction [1]

Output: When a substance is broken down into simpler substances, it is called?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] double replacement reactions [1]

Output: When ionic compounds exchange ions with each other, it is called?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] oxidation reactions [1]

Output: What is a chemical change in which the atoms of a substance lose elections?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] mixture [1]

Output: A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined with each other is called?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ductility [1]

Output: What is the ability of a substance to be pulled into thin threads without breaking?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] solution [1]

Output: What is a mixture in which the particles of each substance are mixed evenly called?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] combustibility [1]

Output: The ability to burn is called what?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] colloids [1]

Output: Suspensions that aren't easily filtered because of the small size of their particles are called?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] buoyancy [1]

Output: What is the ability to float in a liquid or rise in a gas called?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] suspension [1]

Output: A mixture that contains particles that are large enough to be seen is called?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] texture [1]

Output: How the surface of a substance feels is called what?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] physical properties [1]

Output: What are properties that can be observed or measured without changing an object, or any of the materials it's made of, into something else?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] exothermic reaction [1]

Output: What is a chemical reaction that releases energy?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endothermic reaction [1]

Output: What is a chemical reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] chemical properties [1]

Output: What are properties that describe the ability of a substance to react with other materials and form new substances?

Matter - Properties and Changes Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: intellectual skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgement, and mastery of social conventions - abilities acquired because they are valued by the individual's culture [climacteric]

Output: crystallized intelligence

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: intellectual skills that largely depend on basic information-processing skills -- ability to detect relationships among visual stimuli, speed of analyzing information, and capactiy of working memory; laregely influenced by conditions in the brain and by learning unique to the individual [climacteric]

Output: fluid intelligence

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a disease in which poor fluid drainage leads to a buildup of pressure within the eye, damaging the optic nerve; a leading cause of blindness among older adults [climacteric]

Output: glaucoma

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a set of three personal qualities - control, commitment, and challenge - that help people cope with stress adaptively; thereby reducing its impact on illness and mortality [climacteric]

Output: hardiness

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: low daily doses of estrogen, aimed at reducing the discomforts of menopause and protecting women from other impairments due to estrogen loss, such as bone deterioration; comes in two types: estrogen alone, or estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), for women who have had hysterectomies (surgical removal of the uterus), and estrogen plus progesterone, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT), for other women [climacteric]

Output: hormone therapy

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a view that attributes age-related slowing of cognitive processing to greater loss of information as it moves through the system; as a result, the whole system must slow down to inspect and interpret the information [climacteric]

Output: information-loss view

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the end of menstruation and, therefore, reproductive capacity in women; occurs, on average, in the early fifties among North American, European, and East Asian women, although the agee range is large - from the late thirties to the late fifties [climacteric]

Output: menopause

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a view that attributes age-related slowing of cognitive processing to breaks in neural networks as neaurons die; the brain forms bypasses - new synaptic connections that go around the breaks but are less efficient [climacteric]

Output: neural network view

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a severe version of age-related bone loss; porous bones are easily fractured and when very extreme, lead to a slumped-over posture, a shuffling gait, and a "dowager's hump" in the upper back [climacteric]

Output: osteoporosis

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: problem solving that requires people to size up real-world situations and analyze how best to achieve goals that have a high degree of uncertainty [climacteric]

Output: practical problem solving

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: age-related hearing impairments that involve a sharp loss at high frequencies around age 50, which gradually extends to all frequencies [climacteric]

Output: presbycusis

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: condition of aging in which, around the age of 60, the lens of the eye loses its capacity to accommodate entirely to nearby objects [climacteric]

Output: presbyopia

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a behavior pattern consisting of extreme competitiveness, ambition, impatience, hostility, angry outbursts, and a sense of time pressure [climacteric]

Output: Type A behavior pattern

Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 15 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the preserved remains of an ancient organism Ex: bones, skeletons, scales, shells, imprints [1]

Output: Fossil

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] change in a kind of organism over time [1]

Output: evolution

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring [1]

Output: species

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] characteristic that helps an organism survive [1]

Output: adaptation

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] group of individuals of a species that live in the same area [1]

Output: population

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] genetic information of all the members in a population [1]

Output: gene pool

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the geographic distribution of species [1]

Output: Biogeography

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] features that have different functions but are structurally similar because of common ancestry [1]

Output: homologous structures

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] structures of very little importance Ex: appendix, tailbone [1]

Output: vestigial organs

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] vertebral organisms have similar embryonic developmental stages [1]

Output: Embryology

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] variation-> competition-> reproduction-> evolution organism that is best adapted survives then reproduces such that offspring inherit their favorable traits (survival of the fittest) [1]

Output: Natural selection

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] humans select the desired traits and breed the organisms such that the new generation inherits the selected traits [1]

Output: Artificial selection

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Theory of use and disuse of traits in 1809: continually acquired features that would help them live thought those traits would move onto offspring the DNA is not changed therefore the offspring will not inherit said acquired traits [1]

Output: Lamarck's theory

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] natural resources are limited these offspring struggle to survive [1]

Output: competition

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the ability to survive and reproduce in its environment [1]

Output: Fitness

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] change in the gene pool due to chance [1]

Output: Genetic drift

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] colonization of a new location by a small number of individuals [1]

Output: Founder effect

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] event that drastically reduces the population [1]

Output: Bottleneck Effect

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] migration [1]

Output: gene flow

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] change in DNA [1]

Output: mutation

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the formation of a new species Separation Accumulation of adaptations Division [1]

Output: speciation

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] occurs when the members of 2 populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring [1]

Output: reproductive isolation

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] when populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers or mountains [1]

Output: geographic isolation

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] when populations of similar species mate at different times [1]

Output: temporal isolation

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] when populations that have differences in courtship rituals that prevent them from breeding [1]

Output: behavioral isolation

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] genetic variation that provides no apparent selective advantage for individuals [1]

Output: neutral variation

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] when all gene frequencies in a population stay constant [1]

Output: Genetic equilibrium

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Population must be large No gene flow into or out of the population No mutations Mating must be random No natural selection [1]

Output: 5 Conditions to maintain genetic equilibrium (Hardy + Weinberg)

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Natural selection Genetic Drift Gene Flow Mutations Non-random mating [1]

Output: Mechanisms for evolution

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Born 1809 Trip to Galapagos Theory of natural selection [1]

Output: About Darwin

Bio chapter 1 evolution Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Describe the main ideas that Darwin advanced in his works

Output: species change over time b. living species have arisen from earlier life forms

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Input: Describe Aristotle’s beliefs regarding species and evolution?

Output: perfect and permanant

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Input: The eighteenth-century French naturalist Lamarck argued for which mechanism of evolution

Output: Lamarck argued inheritance of acquired characteristice. (remember giraffe example)

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Input: Lyell's book Principles of Geology, which Darwin read on board the H.M.S. Beagle, argued for which concept regarding Earth’s geologic history

Output: natural forces gradually change earth's surface and that thses forces are still operating

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Input: Who developed a theory of evolution identical to Darwin 's

Output: Alfred Wallace

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Input: The unifying theme of biology is

Output: Life evolves and species change over time “All cells from pre-existing cells” Today’s advanced cells can be traced back to primitive prokaryotic cells that existed over 3 billion years ago Basic mechanism of evolution is natural selection - described by Darwin in 1859

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Input: What did Darwin discover that led him to suspect that species in the Americas were more closely related to each other than to species elsewhere

Output: The South American fossils he collected were more similar to living South American species than to fossils from other continents.

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Input: Which Greek Philosopher promoted the idea about 2,500 years ago that life arose in water and that simpler forms preceded more complex ones

Output: Anaximander

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Input: In the 1700s, __________ raised the possibility that certain fossil forms might be ancient versions of similar living species

Output: Lamarck

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Input: The concept of natural selection is best expressed as

Output: survival of the fittest

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Input: Describe the assumptions that were part of Darwin 's theory of natural selection.

Output: 1. individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproduceing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals. 2. this unequal production of offspring will cause favorable traits to accumulate in a population over time

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Input: Malthus's essay led Darwin to what generalization that became part of the theory of natural selection

Output: individuals whose traits enable them to better obtain food or escape predators or tolerate physical conditions will survive and reproduce more successfully than individuals without those traits.

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Input: Broccoli and cabbages are both descended from the same wild mustard and can still interbreed. The existence of these two vegetables is an example of

Output: artificial selection

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Input: Describe the processes of fossil formation

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Input: The earliest fossils of life are about ______________ years old

Output: 3.5 billion

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Input: The first life forms were prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Output: prokaryotic

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Input: What do we learn from fossil positions in sedimentary strata

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Input: The first vertebrates to evolve were

Output: fish

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Input: How do fossils provide support for evolution?

Output: Fossils show that life forms have changed over time, and radioactive dating shows the times at which the earlier forms lived

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Input: List the different types of evidence that modern species have evolved from prior species

Output: a. molecular biology b. comparative anatomy c. comparative embryology d. biogeography

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Input: Describe evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor

Output: *A) homologous structures B) the common development of pharyngeal pouches in an embryonic stage C) similarities in protein structure

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Input: Darwin found that Galápagos animals resembled species from what area

Output: South America

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Input: Be able to identify homologous structures (like the examples in your text)

Output: arms, forelegs, flippers, and wings

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Input: Describe the role of natural selection in evolutionary change

Output: Natural selection produces adaptations that are essential to the survival of populations in changing environments

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Input: Give a basic, modern definition of a sexually reproducing species

Output: a group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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Input: A population is

Output: a group of individuals of the same species in the same place at the same time

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Input: Describe the modern evolutionary synthesis

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Input: A change in the relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population is called

Output: microevolution

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Input: In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, homozygous dominant individuals in a population are represented by

Output: p2

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Input: What conditions would tend to make the Hardy-Weinberg equation more accurate for predicting the gene frequencies of future generations in a population of a sexually reproducing species?

Output: little gene flow with surrounding populations

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Input: The disease phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a recessive allele, and one child in 10,000 is born with the disease. Let q represent the frequency of the PKU allele. What is the value of q2

Output: 0.0001

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Input: What fraction of the population are carriers for PKU

Output: 2%

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Input: Genetic drift resulting from a disaster that drastically reduces population size is called

Output: bottleneck effect

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Input: A population of 1,000 birds exists on a small Pacific island. Some of the birds are yellow, a characteristic determined by a recessive allele. The others are green, a characteristic determined by a dominant allele. A hurricane on the island kills most of the birds from this population. Only ten remain, and those birds all have yellow feathers. What process has occurred in this population

Output: genetic drift

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Input: Thirty people are assigned to live in a spaceship that is exploring other galaxies. The journey will take several hundred years and will be completed by the descendants of these crew members. The gene pool of the population on this ship when it returns is most likely to reflect what process

Output: founder effect

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Input: Genetic differences between populations tend to be reduced by

Output: gene flow

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Input: The degree of adaptation that can occur in a population is limited by

Output: environment or fittness

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Input: Certain whale species were hunted to near extinction. With a moratorium on hunting them, their population sizes have expanded. What might you expect regarding current populations?

Output: The populations may still be endangered because they may have little remaining genetic variation

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Input: Gene diversity is the average percent of gene loci that are ______________ in a population

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Input: A graded change in an inherited trait along a geographic continuum is called a

Output: cline

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Input: A population is polymorphic for a characteristic if two or more morphs are present in readily noticeable numbers

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Input: Is all variation in a population heritable?

Output: no

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Input: In what species would you expect to find individual variation

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Input: The genetic variation among individuals in a sexually reproducing population of a plant that does not self-pollinate is the result of

Output: a. gene mutation b. crossing-over during meiosis c. independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis d. random fertilization

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Input: What factors increase the chances that a mutation will significantly affect genetic variation from one generation to the next in most plants and animals

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Input: An individual who does not finish all of a prescribed antibiotic is affecting the bacterial population in what way

Output: increasing resistance

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Input: Tay-Sachs is inherited as an autosomal recessive allele. Homozygous individuals die within the first few years of life. However, there is some evidence that heterozygous individuals are more resistant to tuberculosis. What does this tell us about the allele for Tay-Sachs

Output: This situation is an example of heterozygote advantage if tuberculosis is present in a population

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Input: What factors promote genetic variation in a population

Output: migration of new individuals into the population mutation of alleles in the population genetic drift in the population due to random events

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Input: In a particular environment, there are no obvious fitness differences among individuals with dark hair and individuals with light hair. The term that best describes this situation is

Output: disruptive selection

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Input: Fitness increases when an organism

Output: passes on a greater proportion of it's genes to the next generation

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Input: An elk herd is observed over many generations. Most of the full-grown bull elk have antlers of nearly the same size, although a few have antlers that are significantly larger or smaller than this average size. The average antler size remains constant over the generations. What effect probably accounts for this situation

Output: Stabilizing Selection

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Input: Long-legged cheetahs are well adapted to catching prey. The ancestor of the cheetah is believed to have had relatively short legs. According to Darwinian views, the evolution of long-legged cheetahs is best explained by

Output: directional selection

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Input: A rabbit population consists of animals that are either very dark on top or very light on top. When examining them closely, biologists were surprised to find no rabbit with a medium darkness, intermediate to the two extremes. This is an example of

Output: disruptive selection

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Input: Mate-attracting features such as the bright plumage of a male peacock result from

Output: sexual dimorphism

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Input: Large antlers in male elk, which are used for battles between males, are a good example of

Output: intrasexual selection

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Input: Natural selection and the ability to generate perfection are limited by

Output: selection can only edit existing variations. chance and natural selection interact. organisms are limited by historical constraints. adaptations are often compromises

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Input: The primary purpose of the 1831 voyage of the Beagle was to

Output: map the coastline

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Input: What was Darwin 's job on board the Beagle (the one that he did not the one that he was originally hired to do)?

Output: captains companion

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Input: What term is used to refer to structures that have a similar origin or ancestry even though they may be very different in appearance

Output: convergent

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Input: What is a mutation

Output: a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene

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Input: What is the result of natural selection

Output: a change in the gene pool of a population due to differential reproductive success

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Input: What is genetic drift

Output: Genetic drift is random changes in the genotype (and phenotype) of a population, without selective pressure. An example is blue eyes in humans: there is no advantage or disadvantage to having blue eyes

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Input: In sexually reproducing organisms, the events of __________ do not contribute to an increase in genetic variation

Output: crossing over

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Input: Macroevolution is

Output: large scale changes in the history of life

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Input: A biological species is defined as a

Output: population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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Input: Can the biological species concept be used for organisms that are completely asexual in their reproduction

Output: no

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Input: The ecological species concept identifies species in terms

Output: of their ecological niches

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Input: The morphological species concept relies upon

Output: subjective criteria

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Input: Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with

Output: naming and classifying species and groups them into broader categories

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Input: The phylogenetic species concept defines a species as

Output: the smallest group of species that shares a common ancestor

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Input: Speciation can occur as a result of reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can occur when individuals in two populations of organisms

Output: mate together producing sterile offspring

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Input: Which type of reproductive barrier separates a pair of species that could interbreed except that one mates at dusk and the other at dawn?

Output: temporal isolation

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Input: Which type of reproductive barrier separates a pair of insect species that could interbreed except that one mates on goldenrod flowers and the other on autumn daisies that blossom at the same time?

Output: habitat isolation

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Input: Which type of reproductive barrier separates a pair of moth species that could interbreed except that the females' mating pheromones are not attractive to the males of the other species?

Output: behavioral isolation

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Input: What type of reproductive barrier separates two flowering plant species that could interbreed except that one has a deep flower tube and is pollinated by bumblebees, whereas the other has a short, narrow flower tube and is pollinated by honeybees

Output: mechanical isolation

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Input: What type of reproductive barrier separates two species that occasionally mate but in whom the sperm do not produce the right enzymes to enter the egg

Output: gametic isolation

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Input: Two species that occasionally mate and produce zygotes, but which have incompatible genes that prevent the resulting embryo from developing, are separated by

Output: reduced hybrid viability or hybrid inviabilty

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Input: Two species interbreed occasionally and produce vigorous, fertile hybrids. When the hybrids breed with each other or with either parent species, however, the offspring are feeble or sterile. These species are separated by

Output: hybrid breakdown

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Input: Two species that sometimes mate and produce vigorous, sterile offspring are separated by

Output: reduced hybrid fertility or hybrid sterility

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Input: What prevents closely related species from interbreeding even when their ranges overlap

Output: reproductive barrier

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Input: Frequently, a group of related species will each have a unique courtship ritual that must be performed correctly for both partners to be willing to mate. Such a ritual constitutes a type of

Output: mechanical...postzygotic

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Input: Give an example of a hybrid that is both vigorous and sterile

Output: mule

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Input: The Monterey pine and Bishop's pine inhabit some of the same areas of central California . The Monterey pine releases pollen in February, while the Bishop's pine does so in April. This is an example of __________ isolation

Output: reproductive

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Input: The isolation of a population from other members of the species and the subsequent evolution of reproductive barriers between it and the parent species describes __________ speciation.

Output: allopatric

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Input: The likelihood of allopatric speciation increases when a population is __________ and __________ the broader range of the species

Output: small and isolated

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Input: A mountain range divides a freshwater snail species into two isolated populations. Erosion eventually lowers the range and brings the two populations together again, but when they mate, the resulting hybrids all produce sterile young. This scenario is an example of

Output: allopatric speciation

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