Input: [2] endocrine system [1]

Output: The internal system of chemical communication involving hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones, and the molecular receptors on or in target cells that respond to hormones; functions in concert with the nervous system to effect internal regulation and maintain homeostasis.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endocytosis [1]

Output: The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endoderm [1]

Output: The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, pancreas, lungs, and the lining of the digestive tract.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endodermis [1]

Output: The innermost layer of the cortex in plant roots; a cylinder one cell thick that forms the boundary between the cortex and the stele.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endomembrane system [1]

Output: The collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endometrium [1]

Output: The inner lining of the uterus, which is richly supplied with blood vessels.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endomycorrhizae [1]

Output: A type of mycorrhizae that, unlike ectomycorrhizae, do not have a dense mantle ensheathing the root. Instead, microscopic fungal hyphae extend from the root into the soil.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endoparasites [1]

Output: Parasites that live within a host.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endoplasmic reticulum (ER) [1]

Output: An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endorphin [1]

Output: A hormone produced in the brain and anterior pituitary that inhibits pain perception.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endoskeleton [1]

Output: A hard skeleton buried within the soft tissues of an animal, such as the spicules of sponges, the plates of echinoderms, and the bony skeletons of vertebrates.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endosperm [1]

Output: A nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization, which provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endospore [1]

Output: A thick-coated, resistant cell produced within a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endosymbiotic theory [1]

Output: A hypothesis about the origin of the eukaryotic cell, maintaining that the forerunners of eukaryotic cells were symbiotic associations of prokaryotic cells living inside larger prokaryotes.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endothelium [1]

Output: The innermost, simple squamous layer of cells lining the blood vessels; the only constituent structure of capillaries.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endotherm [1]

Output: An animal that uses metabolic energy to maintain a constant body temperature, such as a bird or mammal.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endothermic [1]

Output: Organisms with bodies that are warmed by heat generated by metabolism. This heat is usually used to maintain a relatively stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] endotoxin [1]

Output: A component of the outer membranes of certain gram-negative bacteria responsible for generalized symptoms of fever and ache.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] energetic hypothesis [1]

Output: The concept that the length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] energy [1]

Output: The capacity to do work (to move matter against an opposing force).

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] energy coupling [1]

Output: In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] energy level [1]

Output: The different states of potential energy for electrons in an atom.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] enhancer [1]

Output: A DNA sequence that recognizes certain transcription factors that can stimulate transcription of nearby genes.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] enterocoelous [1]

Output: The type of development found in deuterostomes. The coelomic cavities form when mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron and hollows out.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] enterogastrones [1]

Output: A category of hormones secreted by the wall of the duodenum.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] enteropeptidase [1]

Output: An intestinal enzyme that directly or indirectly triggers activation of other enzymes within the intestinal lumen.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] entomology [1]

Output: The study of insects.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] entropy [1]

Output: A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness, symbolized by S.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] environmental grain [1]

Output: An ecological term for the effect of spatial variation, or patchiness, relative to the size and behavior of an organism.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] enzyme [1]

Output: A protein serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epicotyl [1]

Output: The embryonic axis above the point at which the cotyledons are attached.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epidermis [1]

Output: (1) The dermal tissue system in plants. (2) The outer covering of animals.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epididymis [1]

Output: A coiled tubule located adjacent to the testes where sperm are stored.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epigenesis [1]

Output: The progressive development of form in an embryo.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epiglottis [1]

Output: A cartilaginous flap that blocks the top of the windpipe, the glottis, during swallowing, which prevents the entry of food or fluid into the respiratory system.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epinephrine [1]

Output: A hormone produced as a response to stress; also called adrenaline.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epiphyte [1]

Output: A plant that nourishes itself but grows on the surface of another plant for support, usually on the branches or trunks of tropical trees.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] episome [1]

Output: A genetic element that can exist either as a plasmid or as part of the bacterial chromosome.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epistasis [1]

Output: A phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene that is independently inherited.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epithalamus [1]

Output: A brain region, derived from the diencephalon, that contains several clusters of capillaries that produce cerebrospinal fluid.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epithelial tissue [1]

Output: Sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] epitope [1]

Output: A localized region on the surface of an antigen that is chemically recognized by antibodies; also called antigenic determinant.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] erythrocyte [1]

Output: A red blood cell; contains hemoglobin, which functions in transporting oxygen in the circulatory system.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] erythropoietin [1]

Output: A hormone produced in the kidney when tissues of the body do not receive enough oxygen. This hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] esophagus [1]

Output: A channel that conducts food, by peristalsis, from the pharynx to the stomach.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] essential amino acids [1]

Output: The amino acids that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must obtain from food. Eight amino acids are essential in the human adult.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] essential fatty acids [1]

Output: Certain unsaturated fatty acids that animals cannot make.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] essential nutrient [1]

Output: A chemical element that is required for a plant to grow from a seed and complete the life cycle, producing another generation of seeds.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] estivation [1]

Output: A physiological state characterized by slow metabolism and inactivity, which permits survival during long periods of elevated temperature and diminished water supplies.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] estrogens [1]

Output: The primary female steroid sex hormones, which are produced in the ovary by the developing follicle during the first half of the cycle and in smaller quantities by the corpus luteum during the second half. Estrogens stimulate the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] estrous cycle [1]

Output: A type of reproductive cycle in all female mammals except higher primates, in which the nonpregnant endometrium is reabsorbed rather than shed, and sexual response occurs only during midcycle at estrus.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] estrus [1]

Output: A period of sexual activity associated with ovulation.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] estuary [1]

Output: The area where a freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ethology [1]

Output: The study of animal behavior in natural conditions.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ethylene [1]

Output: The only gaseous plant hormone, responsible for fruit ripening, growth inhibition, leaf abscission, and aging.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] euchromatin [1]

Output: The more open, unraveled form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] eudicots [1]

Output: A large subgroup of traditionally dicot angiosperms including roses, peas, buttercups, sunflowers, oaks, and maples.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] euglenoid [1]

Output: A group of protistans, including Euglena and its relatives, characterized by an anterior pocket or chamber from which one or two flagella emerge.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] eukaryotic cell [1]

Output: A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, present in protists, plants, fungi, and animals; also called eukaryote.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] eumetazoa [1]

Output: Members of the subkingdom that includes all animals except sponges.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] euryhaline [1]

Output: Organisms that can tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] eurypterids [1]

Output: Mainly marine and freshwater, extinct, chelicerates. These predators, also called water scorpions, ranged up to 3 meters long.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] eustachian tube [1]

Output: The tube that connects the middle ear to the pharynx.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] eutherian mammals [1]

Output: Placental mammals; those whose young complete their embryonic development within the uterus, joined to the mother by the placenta.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] eutrophic [1]

Output: Pertaining to a highly productive lake, having a high rate of biological productivity supported by a high rate of nutrient cycling.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] evaporation [1]

Output: The removal of heat energy from the surface of a liquid that is losing some of its molecules.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] evaporative cooling [1]

Output: The property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] evolution [1]

Output: All the changes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity that characterizes it today.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] evolutionary species concept [1]

Output: The idea that evolutionary lineages and ecological roles can form the basis of species identification.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] exaptation [1]

Output: A structure that evolves and functions in one environmental context but that can perform additional functions when placed in some new environment.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] excitable cells [1]

Output: Cells that have the ability to generate changes in their membrane potentials.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) [1]

Output: An electrical change (depolarization) in the membrane of a postsynaptic neuron caused by the binding of an excitatory neurotransmitter from a presynaptic cell to a postsynaptic receptor; makes it more likely for a postsynaptic neuron to generate an action potential.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] excretion [1]

Output: The disposal of nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] exergonic reaction [1]

Output: A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] exocytosis [1]

Output: The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] exoenzymes [1]

Output: Powerful hydrolytic enzymes secreted by a fungus outside its body to digest food.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] exon [1]

Output: A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons, which are expressed, are separated from each other by introns.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] exoskeleton [1]

Output: A hard encasement on the surface of an animal, such as the shells of mollusks or the cuticles of arthropods, that provides protection and points of attachment for muscles.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] exotoxin [1]

Output: A toxic protein secreted by a bacterial cell that produces specific symptoms even in the absence of the bacterium.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] exponential population growth [1]

Output: The geometric increase of a population as it grows in an ideal, unlimited environment.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] expression vector [1]

Output: A cloning vector that contains the requisite prokaryotic promoter just upstream of a restriction site where a eukaryotic gene can be inserted.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] external fertilization [1]

Output: The fusion of gametes that parents have discharged into the environment.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] exteroreceptor [1]

Output: Sensory receptors that detect stimuli outside the body, such as heat, light, pressure, and chemicals.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] extracellular digestion [1]

Output: The breakdown of food outside cells.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] extracellular matrix (ECM) [1]

Output: The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] extraembryonic membranes [1]

Output: Four membranes (yolk sac, amnion, chorion, allantois) that support the developing embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] extreme halophile [1]

Output: Microorganisms that live in unusually highly saline environments such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] extreme thermophiles [1]

Output: Microorganisms that thrive in hot environments (often 60–80 degrees C).

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] extremeophile [1]

Output: Microorganisms that live in extreme environments. They are further classified as either methanogens, extreme halophiles, or extreme thermophiles.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] 5' cap [1]

Output: The 5' end of a pre-mRNA molecule modified by the addition of a cap of guanine nucleotide.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] F factor [1]

Output: A fertility factor in bacteria, a DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili for conjugation and associated functions required for the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient. It may exist as a plasmid or integrated into the bacterial chromosome.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] F1 generation [1]

Output: The first filial, or hybrid, offspring in a genetic cross-fertilization.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] F plasmid [1]

Output: The plasmid form of an F factor.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] F2 generation [1]

Output: Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] facilitate [1]

Output: The positive effect of early species on the appearance of later species in ecological succession.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] facilitated diffusion [1]

Output: The spontaneous passage of molecules and ions, bound to specific carrier proteins, across a biological membrane down their concentration gradients.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] facultative anaerobe [1]

Output: An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] family [1]

Output: In classification, the taxonomic category above genus.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fast block to polyspermy [1]

Output: The depolarization of the egg membrane within 1–3 seconds after sperm binding to the vitelline layer. The reaction prevents additional sperm from fusing with the egg's plasma membrane.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fast muscle fibers [1]

Output: Muscle cells used for rapid, powerful contractions.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fat (triacylglycerol) [1]

Output: A biological compound consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fate maps [1]

Output: Territorial diagrams of embryonic development that reveal the future development of individual cells and tissues.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fatty acid [1]

Output: A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] feathers [1]

Output: Light epidermal outgrowths that form the external covering of the body of birds.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] feces [1]

Output: The wastes of the digestive tract.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] feedback inhibition [1]

Output: A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fermentation [1]

Output: A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fertilization [1]

Output: The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fertilization envelope [1]

Output: The swelling of the vitelline layer away from the plasma membrane.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fetus [1]

Output: A developing human from the ninth week of gestation until birth; has all the major structures of an atult.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fiber [1]

Output: A lignified cell type that reinforces the xylem of angiosperms and functions in mechanical support; a slender, tapered sclerenchyma cell that usually occurs in bundles.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fibrin [1]

Output: The activated form of the blood-clotting protein fibrinogen, which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fibrinogen [1]

Output: The inactive form of the plasma protein that is converted to the active form fibrin, which aggregates into threads that form the framework of a blood clot.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fibroblast [1]

Output: A type of cell in loose connective tissue that secretes the protein ingredients of the extracellular fibers.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fibronectin [1]

Output: A glycoprotein that helps cells attach to the extracellular matrix.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fibrous connective tissue [1]

Output: A dense tissue with large numbers of collagenous fibers organized into parallel bundles. This is the dominant tissue in tendons and ligaments.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fibrous root systems [1]

Output: Root systems common to monocots consisting of a mat of thin roots that spread out below the soil surface.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] filament [1]

Output: The stalk of a stamen.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] filtrate [1]

Output: Fluid extracted by the excretory system from the blood or body cavity. The excretory system produces urine from the filtrate after extracting valuable solutes from it and concentrating it.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] filtration [1]

Output: In the vertebrate kidney, the extraction of water and small solutes, including metabolic wastes, from the blood by the nephrons.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] first law of thermodynamics [1]

Output: The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fixed action pattern (FAP) [1]

Output: A sequence of behavioral acts that is essentially unchangeable and usually carried to completion once initiated.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] flaccid [1]

Output: Limp. Walled cells are flaccid in isotonic surroundings, where there is no tendency for water to enter.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] flagellum [1]

Output: A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules, ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] flower [1]

Output: In an angiosperm, a short stem with four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fluid mosaic model [1]

Output: The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fluid-feeder [1]

Output: An animal that lives by sucking nutrient-rich fluids from another living organism.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] follicle [1]

Output: A microscopic structure in the ovary that contains the developing ovum and secretes estrogens.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) [1]

Output: A protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the production of eggs by the ovaries and sperm by the testes.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] follicular phase [1]

Output: That portion of the ovarian cycle during which several follicles in the ovary begin to grow.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] food chain [1]

Output: The pathway along which food is transferred from trophic level to trophic level, beginning with producers.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] food vacuole [1]

Output: A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] food web [1]

Output: The elaborate, interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] foot [1]

Output: The portion of a moss sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] foraging [1]

Output: Behavior necessary to recognize, search for, capture, and consume food.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] foram [1]

Output: A marine protozoan that secretes a shell and extends pseudopodia through pores in its shell.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] forebrain [1]

Output: One of three ancestral and embryonic regions of the vertebrate brain; develops into the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebrum.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fossil [1]

Output: A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fossil fuels [1]

Output: Energy deposits formed from the remains of extinct organisms; fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fossil record [1]

Output: The chronicle of evolution over millions of years of geologic time engraved in the order in which fossils appear in rock strata.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] founder effect [1]

Output: Genetic drift attributable to colonization by a limited number of individuals from a parent population.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fovea [1]

Output: An eye's center of focus and the place on the retina where photoreceptors are highly concentrated.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fragile X syndrome [1]

Output: A hereditary mental disorder, partially explained by genomic imprinting and the addition of nucleotides to a triplet repeat near the end of an X chromosome.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fragmentation [1]

Output: A means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] frameshift mutation [1]

Output: A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three, resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] free energy [1]

Output: The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] free energy of activation [1]

Output: The initial investment of energy necessary to start a chemical reaction; also called activation energy.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fruit [1]

Output: A mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] functional group [1]

Output: A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] Fungi [1]

Output: The kingdom that contains the fungi.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fungus [1]

Output: A heterotrophic eukaryote that digests its food externally and absorbs the resulting small nutrient molecules. Most fungi consist of a netlike mass of filaments called hyphae. Molds, mushrooms, and yeasts are examples of fungi.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fusiform initials [1]

Output: The cambium cells within the vascular bundles. The name refers to the tapered ends of these elongated cells.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] G protein [1]

Output: A GTP-binding protein that relays signals from a plasma membrane signal receptor, known as a G-protein linked receptor, to other signal-transduction proteins inside the cell. When such a receptor is activated, it in turn activates the G protein, causing it to bind a molecule of GTP in place of GDP. Hydrolysis of the bound GTP to GDP inactivates the G protein.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] G0phase [1]

Output: A nondividing state in which a cell has left the cell cycle.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] G1 phase [1]

Output: The first growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] G2 phase [1]

Output: The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gallbladder [1]

Output: An organ that stores bile and releases it as needed into the small intestine.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gametangium [1]

Output: The reproductive organ of bryophytes, consisting of the male antheridium and female archegonium; a multichambered jacket of sterile cells in which gametes are formed.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gamete [1]

Output: A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gametophore [1]

Output: The mature gamete-producing structure of a gametophyte body of a moss.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gametophyte [1]

Output: The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) [1]

Output: An amino acid that functions as a CNS neurotransmitter.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ganglion [1]

Output: A cluster (functional group) of nerve cell bodies in a centralized nervous system.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gap genes [1]

Output: Mutations in these genes cause "gaps" in Drosophila segmentation. The normal gene products map out the basic subdivisions along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gap junction [1]

Output: A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells; also known as a communicating junction.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gas exchange [1]

Output: The uptake of molecular oxygen from the environment and the discharge of carbon dioxide to the environment.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gastric juice [1]

Output: The collection of fluids secreted by the epithelium lining the stomach.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gastrin [1]

Output: A digestive hormone, secreted by the stomach, that stimulates the secretion of gastric juice.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gastrovascular cavity [1]

Output: An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gastrula [1]

Output: The two-layered, cup-shaped embryonic stage.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gastrulation [1]

Output: The formation of a gastrula from a blastula.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] gated channel [1]

Output: A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus.

Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] It is contraindication for any bodywork

Output: what is the proper position to take when you suspect a client of substance abuse?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Toxemia, edema

Output: what condition would cause massage to be contraindicated in working with a pregnant woman?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] It can cause stress or pain, which can trigger and episode.

Output: why would deep tissue massage be contraindicated for someone with chronic asthma?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] It can be infectious, especially when the patient has a fever

Output: for what reason bronchitis contraindicated for most type of massage therapy?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Cancer

Output: What condition always requires a doctor's approval before any bodywork can be administered?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Avoid the Area

Output: What is the acceptable massage technique to be used with varicose veins

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] to research the reason for taking the medication

Output: What is the purpose in finding out what medications yours client is taking?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] It may reduce muscle spasms, stress, and anxiety

Output: how can massage be beneficial for a client that has parkinsons disease?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Femoral triangle

Output: What endangerment site is associated with the inuinal lymph nodes?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Massage should be light and soothing because coronary circulation may be affected

Output: For a client who has informed you that he or she has experienced angina pectoris, what would be the appropriate action to take in massage?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] To help protect the patient from potential life threatening illness

Output: Why would universal precautions be used with someone who has AIDS?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Pain, itching, or weepy

Output: what symptoms would cause psoriasis to be contraindicated for massage?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Cerebral spinal fluid production

Output: craniosacral pulses or rhythm is based on which of the following physiological functions?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Kyphosis

Output: which postural conditions is also known as forward head?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Through ear lobe

Output: when using a plumb line to evaluate posture, from a lateral view, where should the plumb line be in relation to the ear?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Goniometer

Output: what is a tool used in measuring range of motion (ROM)?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Walking

Output: Gait pattern refers to which type of movement?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] contracture

Output: Which condition is usually associated with hypomobility as it relates to ROM assessment?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Protruding, irregular veins during rest

Output: Varicose veins appear as:

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Spider veins

Output: Massage is indicated in which of the following conditions?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Carcinoma

Output: In which of the conditions is it important to receive a doctor's approval before giving a massage?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Ask as many questions as necessary and proceed with the massage

Output: If a new client efuses to fill out an intake form or questionaire, what action would you take first?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] There are no contraindications; proceed as usual

Output: what is not true about regarding treatment of a client with blood pressure?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] Clean hands nails

Output: For a massage therapist, what is most important aspect of personal hygiene?

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: [Neck, brachial plexus] brachial plexus

Output: Increased pressure in the axillary region can put excess pressure on the:

Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Assessment Flashcards - Cram.com

Anatomically, where would massage be indicated for thoracic outlet syndrome?


Input: When it comes to parliamentary procedure, and the chair asks, "Is the membership ready for the question?" he or she is really asking the group if they are ready to: [consider new ideas]

Output: vote on a motion


Input: When someone is conducting an effective meeting, they should make each person believe that they are speaking: [consider new ideas]

Output: directly to him or her


Input: In parliamentary procedures, which type of motion must be voted on before the main motion? [consider new ideas]

Output: subsidiary motion


Input: When it comes to parliamentary procedures, if no one seconds the motion, then it is considered to be: [consider new ideas]

Output: dead


Input: In this type of learning, each student within a given group may have specific tasks for which he or she is responsible. [consider new ideas]

Output: cooperative learning


Input: The official student association that provides technology education students an opportunity to develop learning skill is known as: [consider new ideas]

Output: TSA


Input: Sometimes your speech can be comlpex, In such a case, your main points should be: [consider new ideas]

Output: summarized


Input: Parliamentary procedures assures that everyone is treated fairly through majority rules. This is an example of being: [consider new ideas]

Output: democratic


Input: When it comes to parliamentary procedure, before you can make a motion you must: [consider new ideas]

Output: obtain the floor


Input: Which one of the following is among the common goals of a meeting? [consider new ideas]

Output: sharing concerns


Input: The reason we use parliamentary procedure to conduct meetings is to: [consider new ideas]

Output: run meetings effectively


Input: Once you make a motion, you must wait for it to be: [consider new ideas]

Output: seconded


Input: After a mechanic has clearly defined the problem with a vehicle, the next step would be to: [consider new ideas]

Output: explore all possible solutions


Input: It is important to follow a formal problem soling method because it: [consider new ideas]

Output: allows you to deal with problems logically


Input: What should you do after exploring all possible solutions to a problem? [consider new ideas]

Output: act on the best solution


Input: In problem solving, the process of acting on a solution occurs after: [consider new ideas]

Output: exploring all possible solutions


Input: A workable solution to a clearly defined problem is: [consider new ideas]

Output: output


Input: The best use of any problem solving method ends with: [consider new ideas]

Output: the best possible solution


Input: An electrician has acted on a chosen solution to a problem, what would the next step be? [consider new ideas]

Output: look back and evaluate the results


Input: evaluation of a solution reveals important new information which can be used as: [consider new ideas]

Output: input


Input: if the desires results are the input, then the actual results are the: [consider new ideas]

Output: output


Input: what is the first step in problem solving [consider new ideas]

Output: define the problem clearly


Input: after acting on the best solution, you should: [consider new ideas]

Output: look back and evaluate the results


Input: after you clearly define a problem, you should: [consider new ideas]

Output: explore all possible solutions


Input: before exploring possible solutions you should: [consider new ideas]

Output: clearly define the problem


Input: the exploration of all possible solutions is a/an: [consider new ideas]

Output: process task


Input: input includes: [consider new ideas]

Output: problem identification


Input: during problem exploration it is important to: [consider new ideas]

Output: include all possible solutions


Input: observation and evaluation of results: [consider new ideas]

Output: engages the feedback loop


Input: for presentation software, when you are able to go from any slide to any other slide, then the presentation is said to be: [consider new ideas]

Output: hyper


Input: what is used to automate repetitive calculations? [consider new ideas]

Output: spreadsheet


Input: to automate the management of different types of data, one would use: [consider new ideas]

Output: database software


Input: for a database, what represents all the same type of data and is a column heading? [consider new ideas]

Output: field


Input: what is accomplished by using a database and word processor together? [consider new ideas]

Output: mail merge


Input: for a database, all information about one "person" or row is known as what? [consider new ideas]

Output: record


Input: which software type is useful for integrating different types of media together? [consider new ideas]

Output: presentation


Input: a device that can detect the absence or presence of a condition is known as a/an: [consider new ideas]

Output: sensor


Input: how does an engineer represent a system of electronic components? [consider new ideas]

Output: schematic


Input: electrical current flows from: [consider new ideas]

Output: negative to positive


Input: human innovation that involves the generation of knowledge and processes to develop systems that solve problems and extend human capabilities is: [consider new ideas]

Output: technology


Input: north carolina technology education programs divide technology into six systems. which of the following is NOT one of those systems? [consider new ideas]

Output: graphics


Input: someone who is able to use, manage, understand, and access technology is considered to be : [consider new ideas]

Output: technologically literate


Input: the student organization for technology education is: [consider new ideas]

Output: technology student association


Input: the study of the knowledge related to technology that is needed to solve problems and extend human capabilities is: [consider new ideas]

Output: technology education


Input: which is NOT an example of technology? [consider new ideas]

Output: tree


Input: which is an example of technology? [consider new ideas]

Output: lever


Input: laying out floor plans is an example of integrating which discipline into technology education? [consider new ideas]

Output: mathematics


Input: discussing how various inventions impact people is an example of integrating which discipline into technology education? [consider new ideas]

Output: social studies


Input: when you study the history of technology, you are integrating disciplines from social studies and: [consider new ideas]

Output: technology


Input: What is the first General Order?

Output: To take charge of this post and all Government property in view.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: What is the second General Order?

Output: To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on alert and observing everything that takes place within sight and sound.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: What is the third General Order?

Output: To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: What is the fourth General Order?

Output: To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the guardhouse than my own.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: What is the fifth General Order?

Output: To quit my post only when properly relieved.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: What is the sixth General Order?

Output: To receive, obey, and pass on to the sentry who relieves me all orders from the commanding officer, the command duty officer, officer of the day, and officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard only.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: What is the seventh General Order?

Output: To talk to no one except in the line of duty.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: What is the eighth General Order?

Output: To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: What is the ninth General Order?

Output: To call the corporal of the guard in any case not covered by instructions.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: What is the tenth General Order?

Output: To salute all officers, and colors, and standards not cased.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: What is the eleventh General Order?

Output: To be especially watchful at night and during the time for challenging challenge all persons on or near my post, and to allow no one to pass without proper authority.

FMF PQS 2012 107 Security Fundamentals Flashcards - Cram.com

Preserve order Protect property Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command


Input: [1] Which molecules do not normally cross the nuclear membrane? [2]

Output: DNA

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] the nuclear envelope is continuos with the Golgi apparatus. True or false? [2]

Output: False

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] true or false? large proteins containing a nuclear localization signal bind to the nuclear pore and enter the nucleus without any expenditure of energy [2]

Output: False

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] a small protein (molecular weight = 25,000 daltons) is injected into a cell and observed in the nucleus a short time later. what type of transport has taken place? [2]

Output: passive transport

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] in experiments to test whether a protein can enter the nucleus, why would proteins be labeled with florescent molecules? [2]

Output: to make the proteins easy to see

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Histones are nuclear proteins. two fusion proteins, each consisting of a different segment of histone linked to the same large cytoplasmic protein, are injected into a cell. a short time later, one fusion protein is found in the nucleus and the other is found in the cytoplasm? what conclusion can be drawn from these results? nucleoplasmin is a nuclear protein. this protein was divided into two segments and linked to the same large cytoplasmic protein, generating two fusion proteins. after injecting these fusion proteins into a cell, one of the proteins was found in the nucleus and the other in the cytoplasm. which of the following conclusion can be drawn from these results? [2]

Output: only one of the two fusion proteins possesses a nuclear localization signal. only one of the fusion proteins contains a nuclear localization signal.

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pancreatic cells, which secrete a large amount of digestive enzymes, are labeled with radioactive leucine and then chased for several hours with nonradioactive leucine. photographic emulsions are prepared at different times during the chase. where would the black spots appear on an emulsion prepared 3 hours after the pulse? [2]

Output: exterior of the cell

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] what path does a protein in the secretory pathway take, starting from its site of synthesis? [2]

Output: rough er, golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, plasma membrane

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] during a pulse-chase experiment, photographic emulsions were prepared at different times during the chase, and radioactive spots were detected at the following times and locations: 5 mintutes: rough ER. 10 minutes: golgi apparatus. 40 minutes: endosomes. 70 minutes: lysosomes. 140 minutes: lysosomes. what conclusion can be drawn? [2]

Output: the final destination of the proteins was lysosome

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] what scientific hypothesis can be tested by a pulse chase experiment? [2]

Output: movement of the molecules through a cell over time

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] true or false? proteins produced during the chase phase of a pulse chase experiment are labeled with radioactive material. [2]

Output: false

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] what is the first step in a pulse-chase experiment? [2]

Output: incubating cells with a labeled molecule

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] which event does not take place before the start of mitosis? [2]

Output: the nuclear envelope disintegrates

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] true or false? mitosis takes place during m phase, which is the longest phase of the cell cycle. [2]

Output: false

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] which term describes two recently replicated DNA strands that are joined together just before cell division? [2]

Output: sister chromatids

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] during which stage of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in the center of the cell? [2]

Output: metaphase

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] which stage of mitosis is characterized by the disintegration of mitotic spindles and the formation of two new nuclear membranes? [2]

Output: telophase

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] to which part of the centromere do mitotic spindle fibers attach during prometaphase? [2]

Output: kinetochore

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] during which substage of mitosis do sister chromatids break apart and start moving to opposite poles of the cell? [2]

Output: anaphase

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] what is the function of the S phase in the cell cycle? [2]

Output: synthesis of sister chromatids

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] the copying of chromosomes occurs during which phase in the cell cycle? [2]

Output: S phase

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] for the first several divisions of early frog embryos, cells proceed directly from the M phase to the S phase and back to the M phase without gaps. what is likely true about diving cells in early frog embryos? [2]

Output: the cells get smaller with each generation

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True or false? The M phase is characterized by the replication and division of a cell's chromosomes. [2]

Output: Flase

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] If an organism normally has 34 chromosomes, how many molecules of DNA should there be in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? [2]

Output: 34

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following events would cause the cell cycle to arrest? [2]

Output: Poor nutrient conditions

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is the ploidy of organisms that have two sets of chromosomes? [2]

Output: 2n

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What information can not be obtained from an individual's karyotype? [2]

Output: The sequence of bases of a particular gene

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True or false? A haploid organism has one pair of homologous chromosomes. [2]

Output: False

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] If a cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would each of its four daughter cells have after meiosis? [2]

Output: 12

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following statements about meiosis and mitosis is true? [2]

Output: Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which structure is directly correlated with the production of genetic variability in the daughter cells produced during meiosis? [2]

Output: Chiasma

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is the composition of a tetrad at the beginning of prophase I? [2]

Output: One pair of homologous chromosomes

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is a nondisjunction? [2]

Output: An error in cell division that causes homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to move to the same side of the dividing cell

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] When can nondisjunction occur? Choose the best answer. [2]

Output: All three answers are correct.

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which syndrome is characterized by the XO chromosome abnormality? [2]

Output: Turner syndrome

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What kind of cell results when a diploid and a haploid gamete fuse during fertilization? [2]

Output: A triploid cell

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Of the following chromosomal abnormalities, which type is most likely to be viable in humans? [2]

Output: Trisomy

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] If a diploid cell undergoes meiosis and produces two gametes that are normal, and one with n− 1 chromosomes, and one with n + 1 chromosomes, what type of error occurred? [2]

Output: A nondisjunction error occurred in meiosis II, in which both sister chromatids of a chromosome migrated to the same pole of the cell.

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] If a diploid cell undergoes meiosis and produces two gametes with n + 1 chromosomes and two gametes with n− 1 chromosomes, what type of error occurred? [2]

Output: A nondisjunction error occurred in meiosis I, in which both members of a homologous pair migrated to the same pole of the cell.

Mastering biology CH 7, 11, 12 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mental depositories for stroing information [attention]

Output: cognitive categories


Input: Mental picture of an event or object [attention]

Output: Schema


Input: Being consciously aware of somehting or someone [attention]

Output: attention


Input: Beliefs about the characteristics of a group [attention]

Output: Stereotype


Input: Suspend or inferred causes of behavior [attention]

Output: Casual attributions


Input: Personal characteristcs that cause behavior [attention]

Output: Internal factors


Input: Enviromental characteristics that cause behavior [attention]

Output: External factors


Input: Ignoring enviromental factors that affect behavior [attention]

Output: fundamental attribution bias


Input: Taking more personal responsibility for success than failure. [attention]

Output: Self-serving bias


Input: The host of individual differences that make people different from and similiar to each other. [attention]

Output: Diversity


Input: Occurs when employment decisions are based on factors that are not job related [attention]

Output: Discrimination


Input: Focuses on achieving equality of opportunity in an organization. [attention]

Output: Affirmative action


Input: Creating organizational changes that enable all people to perfomr up to their maximum potential [attention]

Output: Managing diversity


Input: Invisible barrier blocking women and minorities from top management positions [attention]

Output: Glass ceiling


Input: A broad statement that describes the desired change in a client’s condition or behavior An aim, intent, or end

Output: Goal

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Measurable criteria to evaluate goal achievement A specific, measurable change in a client’s status Provide focus or direction Determine when a specific, client-centered goal has been met

Output: Expected outcome

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: A specific and measurable behavior or response Reflect a client’s highest possible level of wellness and independence in function.

Output: Client-centered goal

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: An objective behavior or response expected within hours to a week

Output: Short-term goal

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: An objective behavior or response expected within days, weeks, or months

Output: Long-term goal

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Client-centered: outcomes and goals reflect the client behavior and responses expected as a result of nursing interventions. Singular Goal: addresses only one behavior or response. Observable: be able to observe if change teaks place in a client's status. Measurable: set standards against which to measure the client's response to nursing care. Time-limited: indicates when you expect the response to occur. Mutual factors: ensure that the client and nurse agree on the direction and time limits of care. Realistic: that a client is able to reach.

Output: Types of Goals

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Independent

Output: Nurse initiated

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Dependent

Output: Physician initiated


Input: Interdependent

Output: Collaborative

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Characteristics of nursing diagnosis Goals and expected outcomes Evidence base for interventions Feasibility of the intervention Acceptability to the client Nurse’s competency

Output: Selection of Interventions-Six factors to include

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Enhances the continuity of nursing care by listing specific nursing interventions needed to achieve the goals of care

Output: Nursing Care Plan

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Useful for learning the problem-solving technique, the nursing process, skills of written communication, and organizational skills needed for nursing care. Contains a nursing diagnosis, assessment findings, goals, expected outcomes, nursing interventions with supporting rationales, and evaluative outcome criteria

Output: Student Care Plan

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Does not have a scientific rationale. Allows quick reference to the needs of the client for certain aspects of nursing care

Output: Institutional Care Plan

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: A visual representation of client problems and interventions that shows their relationship to one another

Output: Concept Map

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Consultation is a process in which you seek the expertise of a specialist to identify ways to handle problems in client management or the planning and implementation of therapies.

Output: Consulting other healthcare professionals

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: are documents that guide decisions and interventions for specific health care problems or conditions. They are developed on the basis of current scientific evidence and help nurses, physicians, and other health care providers make decisions about appropriate health care

Output: Clinical guideline or protocols

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: is a reprinted document containing orders for the conduct of routine therapies, monitoring guidelines and/or diagnostic procedures for specific clients with identified clinical problems.

Output: A standing order

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: involve the application of critical thinking. No intervention should be automatic. Nurses need to think and anticipate how to individualize care for their clients

Output: Cognitive skills

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: are used to develop a trusting relationship, express a level of caring, and communicate clearly with the client and family. In Chapter 24 we will further discuss communication

Output: Interpersonal skills

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: require the integration of cognitive and motor activities

Output: Psychomotor skills

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: ADLs: These instrumental ADLs include the day-to-day activities a person performs. These include shopping, preparing meals, writing checks to pay the bills, taking medications. Physical Care Techniques are the activities that nurses perform while rendering care. These including turning, positioning, and administering care, as well as performing tasks such as Foley catheter insertion, NG tube insertion, IV insertion, administering IV, IM, or SQ medications. Lifesaving measures are those activities you perform when a client’s physiological or psychological state is threatened. These activities include CPR, administering emergency medications, and falls prevention. Counseling involves emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and psychological support to your clients. Box 19-3 presents examples of counseling strategies. Teaching is a constant part of nursing. Teaching occurs formally and informally and involves clients and their family members. We will further discuss this in Chapter 25: Client Education. An adverse reaction is a harmful or unintended effect of a medication, diagnostic test, or therapeutic intervention. Before performing any skill or task, you need to know the possible adverse effects or reactions that can occur. Preventive nursing actions promote health and prevent illness to avoid the need for acute or rehabilitative health care. Prevention includes assessment and promotion of the client’s health potential, application of prescribed measures, health teaching, and identification of risk factors for illness and/or trauma.

Output: Direct Care

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Communicating nursing interventions Written or oral Delegating, supervising, and evaluating the work of other health care team members

Output: Indirect Care

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Nurses implement care to meet client goals. At times, multiple interventions may be needed. Priorities help nurses to anticipate and sequence nursing interventions.

Output: Achieving Client Goals

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Identify evaluative criteria and standards. Collect data. Interpret and summarize findings. Document findings and clinical judgments. Terminate, continue, or revise the care plan.

Output: The Evaluation Process-Includes five elements:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: are interchangeable terms. An approach to the continuous study and improvement of the processes involved in providing health care services to meet the needs of clients and others (JCAHO, 2004).

Output: Quality improvement and performance improvement

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, relief, or prevention of diseases.

Output: A medication

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: chemical: provides the exact description of medication’s composition generic: the manufacturer who first develops the drug assigns the name and it is then listed in US Pharmacopeia trade, also known as brand or proprietary name. This is the name under which a manufacturer markets the medication.

Output: Drugs can have 3 names:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: The study of how medications: Enter the body Are absorbed and distributed into cells, tissues, or organs Alter physiological functions absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Output: Pharmacokinetics

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: The passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration Factors that influence absorption: Route of administration Ability to dissolve Blood flow to site of administration Body surface area Lipid solubility of medication

Output: Absorption

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Topical administration has the slowest rate of absorption. The mucous membrane and respiratory tract have a quick rate of absorption. IV administration has the fastest absorption rate. The oral route takes some time due to the passage of medications through the GI tract. When the site of administration contains a rich blood supply, the medication will be absorbed quickly.

Output: Each route of administration has a different rate of absorption.

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: After absorption, distribution occurs within the body to tissues, organs, and to specific sites of action. Distribution depends on: Circulation Membrane permeability Protein binding

Output: Distribution

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Once the medication has entered into the bloodstream, it is carried throughout the tissues and organs of the body. The speed of the distribution depends on the vascularity of the various tissues and organs. In order to be distributed to an organ, a medication has to pass through the organ’s tissues and biological membranes. Some membranes serve as barriers to the passage of medications. For example, the blood-brain area allows fat-soluble medications to pass into the brain and CSF. Both fat-soluble and non–fat-soluble agents often cross the placenta and produce fetal abnormalities such as respiratory depression. Narcotic use can create withdrawal symptoms. The degree to which medication binds to serum proteins will affect medication distribution. Most medications bind to albumin to some extent.

Output: The rate and extent of distribution depends on the physical and chemical properties of medication and the physiology of the client.

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Medications are metabolized into a less potent or an inactive form. Biotransformation occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify, degrade, and remove active chemicals. Most biotransformation occurs in the liver. Biotransformation can also occur in the lungs, kidneys, blood, and intestines.

Output: Metabolism

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Kidney(MAIN ONE) Liver(Anesthetic gases, alcohol) Bowel Lungs Exocrine glands

Output: Medications are excreted through:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Therapeutic effect: Expected or predictable Adverse effect: Severe response to med Idiosyncratic reaction: Over- or under-reaction to a medication Side effect: Unintended, secondary effect Toxic effect: Medication accumulates in the blood stream Allergic reaction: Unpredictable response to a medication

Output: Types of Medication Action:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: may occur when one increases or diminishes the way the other medication is absorbed, metabolized, or eliminated. Alcohol has synergistic effect on antihistamines, antidepressants, barbiturates, and narcotics since alcohol is a CNS depressant. On the other side of the spectrum, a client with HTN may need to take a combination of medications, such as a diuretic and vasodilator, to control high blood pressure through the synergistic effect of the two medications.

Output: Medication interactions

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Time for serum medication concentration to be halved

Output: Serum half-life:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Time at which a medication reaches its highest effective concentration

Output: Peak:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Time medication takes to produce greatest result

Output: Duration:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Time it takes for a medication to produce a response

Output: Onset:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Minimum blood serum concentration before next scheduled dose

Output: Trough:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Blood serum concentration is reached and maintained

Output: Plateau:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Prescriber can be physician, nurse practitioner, or physician’s assistant. Prescribers must document the diagnosis, condition, or need for each medication. Orders can be written, verbal, or by telephone.

Output: Prescriber's Role

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Administered until the dosage is changed or another medication is prescribed

Output: Standing or Routine:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Given one time only for a specific reason

Output: Single one-time:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: When a medication is needed right away, but not STAT

Output: Now:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Given when the client requires it

Output: PRN:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Given immediately in an emergency

Output: STAT:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: Medication to be taken outside of the hospital

Output: Prescriptions:

Foundations Test #5 Flashcards - Cram.com

The planning of nursing care occurs in three phases:


Input: part of the U.S. constitutional that allows congress to stretch its delegated powers to address issues not otherwise specified in the document [delegated powers]

Output: elastic clause


Input: powers retained by the state governments or by citizens [delegated powers]

Output: reserved powers


Input: powers that are shared by the federal and state governments [delegated powers]

Output: concurrent powers


Input: governments by representatives of the people [delegated powers]

Output: representative demoncracy


Input: distribution [delegated powers]

Output: apportionment


Input: bring charges against [delegated powers]

Output: impeach


Input: cancel [delegated powers]

Output: veto


Input: nonlegislative directions that have the force of law [delegated powers]

Output: excutive orders


Input: freedom fron punishment [delegated powers]

Output: pardons


Input: group that advises the U.S. president made up of the heads of the excutive departments [delegated powers]

Output: cabinet


Input: jujde in the supreme court [delegated powers]

Output: Sandra Day O' Connor


Input: helped secure the constitutional ratification with the promise that a bill of rights would be added to it [delegated powers]

Output: James Madison


Input: make a request [delegated powers]

Output: petition


Input: jujde's prder that authorizes the search because the property in question seems likely to contain evidence relating to a crime [delegated powers]

Output: search warrent


Input: the fair application of the law [delegated powers]

Output: due process


Input: formally accuse the person [delegated powers]

Output: indict


Input: be tried again for the same crime [delegated powers]

Output: double jeopardy


Input: legl process by which a person becomes a U.S. citizen [delegated powers]

Output: naturalization


Input: send back to the country of orgin citizen [delegated powers]

Output: deport


Input: requirement of military service [delegated powers]

Output: draft


Input: organizations that collect money to distrivute to candidates who support the same issues as the contributors [delegated powers]

Output: political action committees


Input: [Equilibrium] Free Body Diagram

Output: is a simplified sketch of a structure or part of a structure solated from its supports which shows all active and reactive forces acting on the structure

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] Beams

Output: Are structural members that resist loads applied transverse to their longitudinal axis

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] Rigid Frame and Shearwalls

Output: two bracing systems that provide lateral stability for a pinned frame

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] Diaphragms

Output: Roof and floors are horiontal planes that must be supported against lateral movement. these horizontal planes are called

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] Shearwalls

Output: Lateral force-resisting walls are called

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] Transverse shear force

Output: Loads uniformly distrobuted over and area of a roof or floor are assigned to individual members based on the concept of

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] load path

Output: is the manner in which loads travel throughout thhe structure

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] load tracing

Output: involves the sysematic prcess of determining loads and support reactions of individual structural members as they in turn affect the loading of other structural elements

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] point of inflection

Output: is a tranverse section in a beam span where the bending momnet is zero

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] deflection

Output: the sagging of a beam subjected to loads that create bending

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] Sum Fy = 0 Sum Fx = 0 Sum M = 0

Output: the equations of static equilibrium for a rigid body that lies on a plane (x,y)

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] The bending Moment, Shear, and Normal Force

Output: the internal force system, which exists within a beam to resist the applied forces and moments, consists of

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Equilibrium] dm/dx = V

Output: equation that indicates that at any section in the beam the slope of the moment diagram is equal to the shear.

Structures II Exam # 1 Vocabulary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chain

Output: What is often selected as a chafing pendant or bridle because of its abrasion resistance and survivability?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Tow hawser which is normally wire rope or a synthetic line

Output: What is the primary tension element of the towline system?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Safety Factor of 3, a safety factor of 4 is recommended for routine tows to be conservative

Output: For wire rope in conjunction with an auto. towing machine, a minimum safety factor of ____is appropriate for good ocean tows in good weather?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: 15% less than dry line

Output: What is the breaking strenght for wet nylon?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Polyester line

Output: What is a better suited material for towing applications?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Secondary tow line often made up with synthetic line

Output: What shall be rigged on all tows and is intended for emergency short-term use?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: From either the bow or the stern

Output: Where can a secondary towline be rigged to tow?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: The ships anchor chain

Output: For small tows what is used as a primary pendant?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: 200 ft. with a small trailing bouy

Output: How long is the floating messenger on a small tow's emergency hawser?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: A safety shackle should be used, pelican hooks should not be used.

Output: What should be used to connect chafing chain to the tow pad and what should not be used?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: 1 5/8 inch wire rope

Output: As a minimum for vessels above 600 L-ton displacement, the secondary towing pendant should be ______ wire rope with the necessary chafing gear?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: The towing machine or the traction winch

Output: What are the towline attachment points on U.S. Navy tugs?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: deck padeye, chain stopper, or specialized tow bracket

Output: What are some attachments to the tow that may be at a hard point specifically intended for towing?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: 1. Non destructive testing (NDT) 2. Visual inspection of the attachment point and surrounding area 3. Dye-penetrant test of the padeye or bitt attachment point

Output: What is recommended for planned tows with newly installed attachment points?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Output: The breaking strenght of the line should not exceed ______ of the padeye's bitt, or cleats yield strenght?


Input: A pawl or ratchet type system that cannot be released against tension.

Output: What is the "'dog" system on a towing machine?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: -Horizontal padeye -Vertical free-standing padeye -Towing bracket

Output: What are the three types of padeyes found in towing?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Output: Chain stoppers are designed to bear ______ of the breaking strength of the chain.


Input: 75% - 80%

Output: The width of the shackle-pin type padeye plate should occupy ____ - ____ % of the jaw width of the shackle, to prevent it from racking and creating loads?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: *Type I anchor shackle Grade A - Regular Class 3 - Safety Bolt and Nut *Type I anchor shackle Grade B - High Strength Class 3 - Safety Bolt and Nut *Type II chain shackle Grade A - Regular Class 3 - Safety Bolt and Nut *Type II chain shackle Grade B - High Strength Class 3 - Safety Bolt and Nut

Output: What 4 kinds of shackles can be used as towline connectors?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: False

Output: T or F screw pin shackles can be used for connections in towing rigs?


Input: False, replace cotter keys with locking bolts with jam nuts.

Output: T or F cotter pins for shackles can be used for towing?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: A hairpin

Output: In detachable links, what is the safest and most cost-effective method to secure the tapered pin into the link?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: 1. Swaged 2. Spliced 3. Socketed

Output: What are the 3 types of wire rope terminations?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Output: Properly made swaged eyes develop ______% of the strength of the wire?


Input: High efficiency and low cost process

Output: What are the advantages of swaged fittings made of special alloy steels?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Field repair capability

Output: Why are hand spliced eyes so popular?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: It can be swaged by replacing the fiber core at the termination with a strand of wire

Output: How can a fiber core wire rope be swaged properly?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Output: A wire splice with properly placed wire clips will withstand ______% of the wires breaking strength?


Input: Poured socket (spelter socket)

Output: What wire termination will withstand 100% of the ropes breaking strength?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Poured zinc

Output: What is used to make a poured socket termination?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: NSTM Chap 613

Output: Spelter socket is prepared IAW NSTM, Chap _____ ?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: -Thimble with end link -Closed thimble -Synthetic rope thimble -Nylite thimble

Output: What are the approved Navy standard thimbles used as end fittings for synthetic line?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: equal to the size of chain used to anchor the tow

Output: As a rule of thumb the size of the chain to use for the bridles and the pendants should be at least equal to what?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Between 30-60 degrees

Output: What is the optimal bridle apex angle?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Lacing wire rope through the chain links and securing it to a second securing point

Output: How do you rig a back up securing system for a towing bridle?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: By counting the links when the rigging is complete.

Output: How do you verify that both of the bridle legs are the same lenght?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Up to 300 ft. of wire rope

Output: What is usually the lead pendant and how long can it be?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: 5/8-inch wire rope safety factor of 4:1

Output: What is the minimum bridle retrieval pendant size and what safety factor is considered?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Periodically adjusting the scope of the tow wire to reduce the wear on any one point.

Output: What does the term freshing the nip mean?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Wire rope with a breaking strength 10 to 15% below the the main tow hawser

Output: What is usually selected as the safety link and is sized to have a breaking strength ____ to ____% below the main tow hawser?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: To keep the towline clear of all deck fittings and furnish a protected area where personnel can pass safely.

Output: What are the function of the tow bows?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: 50,000 lbs

Output: The vertical stern rollers and norman pins onboard the ARS 50 class ships will drop when a load of ________ lbs. or more is applied to mid barrel height?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: back of the neck

Output: niska

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: Saddle like fittings because they have a larger radii

Output: When using a hogging strap what is perferred over using a shackle?

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the primary materials used as tension members?


Input: What is often selected as a chafing pendant or bridle because of its abrasion resistance and survivability?

Output: Chain

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.


Input: What is the primary tension element of the towline system?

Output: Tow hawser which is normally wire rope or a synthetic line

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.


Input: For wire rope in conjunction with an auto. towing machine, a minimum safety factor of ____is appropriate for good ocean tows in good weather?

Output: Safety Factor of 3, a safety factor of 4 is recommended for routine tows to be conservative

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.


Input: What is the breaking strenght for wet nylon?

Output: 15% less than dry line

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.


Input: What is a better suited material for towing applications?

Output: Polyester line

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.


Input: What shall be rigged on all tows and is intended for emergency short-term use?

Output: Secondary tow line often made up with synthetic line

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.


Input: Where can a secondary towline be rigged to tow?

Output: From either the bow or the stern

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.


Input: For small tows what is used as a primary pendant?

Output: The ships anchor chain

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.


Input: How long is the floating messenger on a small tow's emergency hawser?

Output: 200 ft. with a small trailing bouy

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.


Input: What should be used to connect chafing chain to the tow pad and what should not be used?

Output: A safety shackle should be used, pelican hooks should not be used.

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.


Input: As a minimum for vessels above 600 L-ton displacement, the secondary towing pendant should be ______ wire rope with the necessary chafing gear?

Output: 1 5/8 inch wire rope

NAVSEA SL740-AA-PRO-MAN-010, U.S. Navy Towing Manual; Chap 4 (2011) Diego Flashcards - Cram.com

Wire rope, synthetic fiber lines, and chain are primary materials used as tension members.