Input: formed when lipoprotein lipase modifies VLDL in the peripheral tissue [chylomicron]

Output: LDL

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: acts as a repository for apoC and apoE [chylomicron]

Output: HDL

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: apoE [chylomicron]

Output: mediates remnant uptake found on cholomicrons, chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL and HDL

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: apoA-I [chylomicron]

Output: activates LCAT- LCAT matures HDL- found on chylomicrons and HDL

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: apoC-II [chylomicron]

Output: lipoprotein lipase cofactor present on chylomicrons and VLDL

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: lipoprotein lipase [chylomicron]

Output: degrades the TG in chylomicrons and VLDL to give to peripheral tissues

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: apoB-48 [chylomicron]

Output: mediates chylomicron secretion (from intestines) on chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: apoB-100 [chylomicron]

Output: binds the LDL receptor- VLDL, IDL, LDL

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: type I dyslipidemia [chylomicron]

Output: lipoprotein lipase deficiency or altered CII causes pancreatitis, HSM, eruptive and pruritic xanthomas high chylomicrons; elevated TG and cholesterol seen in blood no risk for atherosclerosis

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: type IIa dyslipidemia [chylomicron]

Output: autosomal dominant decreased or absent LDL receptors causes increased LDL; high cholesterol seen in blood causes accelerated atherosclerosis, tendon xanthomas, corneal arcus

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: type IIb dyslipidemia [chylomicron]

Output: apo B100 defect- high LDL and VLDL- can't get in liver

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: type III dyslipidemia [chylomicron]

Output: dysbetalipoproteinemia ApoE defect- high IDL

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: type IV dyslipidemia [chylomicron]

Output: hepatic overproduction of VLDL causing high VLDL, blood shows high TG-> pancreatitis

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: deficiency in B100 or B48 [chylomicron]

Output: abetalipoproteinemia can't synthesize lipoproteins symptoms show in first few months of life- failure to thrive, steatorrhea, acathocytosis, ataxia, night blindness intenstinal biopsy shows accumulation within the enterocytes d/t inability to export absorbed lipid

apolipoproteins and lipoproteins Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [n] (the judiciary) the judicial authorities of a country ; judges collectively [refer: judiciary] refer: judicature [Judicature]

Output: Judiciary

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [n] the official power to make legal decisions and judgements ; a system of law courts; a judicature ; the territory or sphere of activity over which the legal authority of a court or other institution extends [Judicature]

Output: Jurisdiction

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [n] a decision on an issue of fact in a civil or criminal case or an inquest ; an opinion or judgement [Judicature]

Output: Verdict

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [n] a body of people (typically twelve in number) sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on basis of evidence submitted to them in court [Judicature]

Output: Jury

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [n] all the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election [Judicature]

Output: Electorate

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [n] a person, typically a lawyer, appointed to act for another in business or legal matters [refer: judiciary] refer: barrister, solicitor [Judicature]

Output: Attorney

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [n] the legal process of transferring property from one owner to another [Judicature]

Output: Conveyance

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [n] a member of the legal profession qualified to deal with conveyancing, the drawing up of wills, and other legal matters [Judicature]

Output: Solicitor

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [n] a person called to the bar and entitled to practice as an advocate [Judicature]

Output: Barrister

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [v] seize (a person or property) by legal authority [Judicature]

Output: Attach

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [v] to cancel by authority The judge would not abrogate the law. [Judicature]

Output: Abrogate

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: (v.) solemnly ordered The jurors were adjured by the judge to make a fair decision. [Judicature]

Output: Adjure

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [n] a written law passed by a legislative body [Judicature]

Output: Statute

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [adj] required, permitted, or exacted by statute [Judicature]

Output: Statutory

Vocabulary: MCAT purpose 21 - Law Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which Tissue provides a plant's continuous growth [2]

Output: Dermal


Input: [1] Which primary plant tissue is the most abundant? [2]

Output: Ground


Input: [1] How are the two types of vascular tissues xylem and phloem different? [2]

Output: Xylem moves water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant and Phloem moves sugar throughout the plant.


Input: [1] List two ways that plant's anatomy is adapted to existence on land. [2]

Output: Development of Root and Vascular Tissue


Input: [1] Describe how roots maximize surface area. [2]

Output: With the development of root hairs the plant in able to increase its surface area


Input: [1] Name to two different classification of compound leaves [2]

Output: Pinnate and Palmate


Input: [1] What is the name of the feature that allow gas exchange on the surface of the leaf? [2]

Output: Stomata


Input: [1] What is the function of the apical meristem? [2]

Output: The apical meristem increases shoot length


Input: [1] What is the function of the root cap [2]

Output: To protect the root meristem and to increase lubrication so that the root can grow through the soil.


Input: [1] Are plants living? Why or Why not? [2]

Output: Yes plant are living because they can reproduction, respond to stimuli, grow, and adapt to the environment in which they live


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Standing Requirements

Output: Injury, Causation & Redressability. P must show direct & personal injruy. There must be a connection between the injury and the conduct complained of and a decision in the Ps favor must be capable of eliminating her grievance.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Congressional Conferral of Standing

Output: Congress can't eliminate the case or controversy requirement. Can't extend the scope of federal judicial powers

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Standing under a government statute

Output: A P can enforce a federal statute if she is within the zone of interests Congress meant to protect.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Standing to Assert the rights of others

Output: Not generally allowed. But if a person has a claim in her own right they may assert the rights of another party when either 1) it is difficult for the third party to assert their own rights or 2) a special realthioship exists between the claimant and the third party.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Standing of Organizations

Output: 1) injury in fact to members that gives them the right to sue on their own behalf 2) injury is related to organizations purpose 3) individual participation in lawsuit is not required.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Citizenship & Taxpayer Standing

Output: No claims as citizens & no taxpayer standing with the exception of attacking taxing and spending on Establishment Clause grounds.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Abstention Doctrine

Output: A federal court may abstain from 1) resolving a constituional question when it turns on unsettled question of state law or when 2) state criminal proceedings are pending (unless there is harassment or bad faith).

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Political Question

Output: Issues that are constituionally committed to another branch of government. Hallmark Examples: Republican Form of Government President's foreign policy Impeachment/removal Partisan Gerrymander Quals of elected officials The court can act on questions such as legislative apporitonment & production of presidential papers.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] 11th Amendment

Output: Prohibits federal courts from hearing a private party or foreign government's claim against a state government. Also SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY bars an action by a state government in state court, unless the state consents. Exceptions: State can waive Congress can pass laws that allow suit under 14A Fed Gov can sue State Gov Bankruptcy proceedings Can instead sue state officers.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Actions against state officers

Output: 1) can seek to enjoin an officer from conduct that violates Const/laws or 2) sue for damages against an officer personally.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Ripeness/Mootness

Output: Ripeness - there must be some harm or immediate threat of harm. (potential statute does not qualify) Mootness - won't consider a resovled matter unles 1) capable of repetition, but evading review 2) volutary stopping but free to resume 3) class actions when the representative's issue is moot but other's arent.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Supreme Court Review

Output: 1) Cert - discretion - rule of 4 2) Mandatory review for decisions of 3 judge panel in federal district court - case skips court of appeals 3) exclusive JX for suits between states & ambassadors (concurrent w/ other feds)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] What can congress regulate under the commerce power?

Output: 1) Channels of interstate commerce 2) Instrumentalities of interstate commerce (persons and things) 3) Activities that have a substantial effect on interstate commerce. A court will uphold a regualtion on an entirely intrastate activity if it is an economic or commercial activity and the court can concieve or a rational basis under which Congresss could find the activity in aggregate affects interstate commerce. But, if it is noncommercial and non economic, Congress must show a substantial economic effect.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Congressional Authority to Act under the police power

Output: Only MILD police powers - Military, Indians, Lands and DC.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Taxing power

Output: The tax must either 1) bear a reasonable relationship to revenue production or 2) Congress should have the power to regulate the activity being taxed.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Spending power

Output: for the general welfare - congress can dispose of property.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Congress - War Power limitations

Output: 1) Congress cannot deny habeas corpus review to aliens detained as enemy combatants without a meaningful substitute for review. 2) American civilians may be tried by military courts under martial law only if actual war forces the courts to shut down.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Congress - power over citizenship

Output: Can establish uniform rules. Can deny aliens entry because of their political beliefs. However resident aliens are entitled to notice and a hearing before they can be deported. Congress cannot deprive someone of citizenship without their consent.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Delegation of Legislative Power

Output: Must set intelligible standards and it must not be a power that is confied to Congress under the Constitution.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Speech and Debate Clause

Output: Conduct in the course of the federal legislative process is immune from prosecution. Immunity doesn't cover bribes, speeches outside of Congress, republication in a press release.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Presidential appointment powers

Output: Preident appoints with advice and consent of teh enate. Congress can vest appointment of inferiror officers in the president, the courts or the heads of departments but congress cannot give itself this power. Removal is entirely up to the president, unless statutory limitations for good cause in certain job titles that require it. Congress can only remove through impeachment.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Pardon power

Output: all FEDERAL offenses. Cannot be limited by Congress. Doesn't include civil contempt, even where jail time exists.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] President's power as Chief Executive (Steel Seizure Framework)

Output: 1) Authority is at it's maximum when Pres acts with express or implied consent from Congress 2) when Congress is silent Pres power will be upheld unless it interferes with sep of powers 3) President acts against the will of congress his action is likely invalid.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Executive Privilege/Immunity

Output: Priviledge - to keep confidential communications secret. In criminal proceedings, prosecution can demonstrate need. Immunity - absolute immunity for civil damages based on action Pres takes in his official responsibility. Extends to presidential aides w/ discretionary authority.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Preemption

Output: 1) If a state or local law prevents acheivement of a federal objective it is invalid. 2) If a federal statute expressly or impliedly occupys the entire field this precludes any reguatlion even if it is non conflicting. Courts presume police powers are not superseeded unless that is the clear purpose of Congress

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Interstate Compact Clause

Output: An agreement between states that increases their powers at the expense of federal powers must have Congressional approval.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Full Faith and Credit requirements

Output: 1) JX 2) on the merits 3) final judgment

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Intersovereign Litigation

Output: 1) U.S. can sue a state without it's consent 2) U.S. government must give consent to be sued by a state 3) A suit against a federal officer is brought against the U.S. if the judgment would be satisifed out of the treasury or if it interfers with public adminsitraiton. However, specific relief against an officer as an individual is allowed if the officer acted ultra vires. 4) State may sue another state in the S.C. without consent.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Can the Federal Government tax or regulate state and/or local governmental activities?

Output: Only if both the public sector and the private sector are regulated (ex: minimum wage). Regulating or taxing only the state would be limited by the 10th amendment. Exception - Congress can restrict state activities that violate civil rights. Exception - Congress can regulate states trhough the spending power.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Commandeering State Officials

Output: Congress may not require state executive officials to enforce federal laws.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Can the state tax/regulate the federal government?

Output: No, not without the consent of congress. However, nondiscriminatory, indirect taxes are permissible if they don't unreasonably burden the federal government (income tax on federal employees).

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Article IV - Priviledges and Immunities

Output: Only protects people not corps/aliens. Prohibits discrimination by a state against a nonresident. Only fundamental rights and civil liberties are protected. Subject to "Substantial justification" for the different treatment. State must show that nonresidents cause/contribute to the problem and that there are no less restrictive means of solving the problem. Consider Dormant Commerce Clause when using P&I

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Priviledges and Immnities - 14th Amendment

Output: States cannot deny citizens the P & I of NATIONAL citizenship. Essentially right to travel, vote for federal officers, petition Congress for redress

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Dormant Commerce Clause

Output: Facially Discriminatory & unduely burdensome it is invalid unless 1) Market participant 2) furthers an important, noneconomic state interst & no reasonable nondiscrimintaory alternatives or 3) law favors government performing traditional government functions If non facially discriminatory - does it still place a burden on interstate commerce. If so, it is invalid unless the states interest outweighs the burden. Actions under the DCC can be brought by an alien or a corporation.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Bill of Rights, those not extended to states

Output: 3rd/Quartering 5th/grand jury 7th/jury in civil 8th/excessive fines

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] 13th amendment

Output: Prohibits slavery & involuntary servitude. Under enabling Clause, Congress can prohibit racially discriminatory action by ANYONE (the government or a private citizen)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] 14th Amendment - Due Process, Esp. Section 5

Output: Only involves state action. Section 5 gives Congress power to adopt legislation to enforce the 14th. They may not expand rights or create new ones, but they may adopt legislation that is "congruent and proportional" to remdying a violation of rights.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Commerce Clause & racial discrimination

Output: Congress can use the substantial effect on interstate commerce prong to limit private racial discrimination.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Rights of National Citizenship

Output: Right to assemble, travel and petition Congress

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] When can private action constitute state action?

Output: When either individuals 1) perform exclusive public functions or 2) have significant state involvment (when a state affirmatively facilitiates discrimination/enforcing a discriminatory covenant)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Contract Clause

Output: Prohibits sates from enacting a law that retroactively impairs contract rights. If a federal issue, look at due process (5th amendment). Contract Clause doesn't apply to Feds. 1) state legistlation that substantially impairs an existing contract is invalud unless it 1) serves and important and legitimate public interest and 2) it is a reasonable and narrowly tailored means. STRICTER SCRUTINY when the state is a party.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Procedural Due Process (General Rule)

Output: A fair process (notice & hearing) is required for a gov't to take a person's life, liberty or property. Must e intentional or "shock the conscience." Balancing Test...(on another card)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Deprivation of LIberty

Output: loss of freedom of action or statutory freedom 1) Except in an emergency, before an adult can be instituionalized, there must be notice and a hearing 2) When a child is institutionalized by a parent, only a screening by a neutral fact finder 3) Harm to reputation is not loss of liberty

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Deprivation of Property

Output: An entitlement, where there is a reasonable expectation of continued benefit (welfare benefits)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Balancing Test for Procedural Due Process

Output: 1) Importance of the interest to the individual 2) government's interests in efficiency/money 3) The ability of additonal procedures to increase the accuracy of fact finding.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Government Fees & Indigent Plaintiffs

Output: When government fees would deny a fundamental right, the fee must be waived. (marriage, divorce, filing fee for election)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] The Taking Clause, in general

Output: 5th amendment - The government may take private property for public use if it provides just compensation.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Takings attack

Output: 1) Is there a taking? 2) Is it for public use? 3) Has just compensation been paid?

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] When a taking exists?

Output: 1) posessory taking or 2) reulatory taking that leave no reasonalbe econoically viable use of the property

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Defining public use

Output: Very broadly defined - so long as the government acts out of a reasonable belief that the taking will benefit the public

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Measuring just compensation

Output: Measured in terms of loss to the owner. (Fair market value)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Takings, Special Rules

Output: 1) Government conditions on devleopment must be justified by a benefit that is proportionate to the burden or it is a taking. 2) a property owner may bring a takings challenge to regs that existed before they owned teh property 3) temporary deprivation is not a taking if the action is reasonable

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Adenocard] Antidysrhythmic Adenosine is a class V antidysrythmic (direct nodal inhibition). Adenosine also has topical anti-inflammatory properties

Output: What is the functional class of adenosine?

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the best-known trade name for adenosine?


Input: [Adenocard] A naturally occurring nucleoside that decreases conduction through the AV node and interrupts AV and SA re-entry pathways thus restoring normal sinus rhythm in patients with SVT. Adenosine also indirectly causes a shortening of the refractory period in atrial tissue and can precipitate A Fib if administered via a central lumen catheter.

Output: What is the mechanism of action of adenosine?

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the best-known trade name for adenosine?


Input: [Adenocard] SVT refractory to vagal maneuvers including Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) WPW features ventricular preexcitation due to an accessory pathway from the atria to the ventricles known as the bundle of Kent.

Output: What are the listed indications for adenosine?

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the best-known trade name for adenosine?


Input: [Adenocard] - 2nd and 3rd Degree AV heart blocks - Symptomatic bradycardia - Sick sinus syndrome - Hypersensitivity 2nd and 3rd degree AV heart blocks and sick sinus syndrome may be permitted if a cardiac pacemaker is present.

Output: What are the listed contraindications for adenosine?

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the best-known trade name for adenosine?


Input: [Adenocard] - Place patient in semi-Fowler position as patients will typically develop arrhythmias at the time of conversion - Use cautiously in patients with asthma This can be expanded to include patients with acute bronchospasm and other obstructive lung diseases.

Output: What are the listed precautions for adenosine?

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the best-known trade name for adenosine?


Input: [Adenocard] - Syncope - Dizziness - Dyspnea - N/V - Headaches - Palpitations - Chest pain - Hypotension - Dysrhythmias Side effects are usually self-limiting due to short half-life. A metallic taste in the mouth is a hallmark side effect of adenosine.

Output: What are the listed side effects for adenosine?

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the best-known trade name for adenosine?


Input: [Adenocard] - Patients taking caffeine or xanthines (aminophylline or theophylline) may require larger doses as these drugs antagonize adenosine - Patients on dipyridamole (Persantine) and carbamazepine (Tegretol) may need smaller doses of adenosine as these drugs potentiate adenosine’s effects Some sources state that verapamil (and related medications) may increase the risk of V Fib.

Output: What are the listed interactions for adenosine?

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the best-known trade name for adenosine?


Input: [Adenocard] Adult: - 6mg rapid IVP followed by a 10-20mL NS flush - If no conversion after 1-2 minutes administer 12mg rapid IVP followed by a 10-20mL NS flush - If no conversion after 1-2 minutes administer repeat 12mg rapid IVP followed by a 10-20mL NS flush Pedi: - 0.1mg/kg IVP/IO (maximum single dose is 6mg) - May repeat only once in 1-2 minutes at 0.2mg/kg (maximum second dose is 12mg) Because of the very short half-life, administer adenosine as close to the heart as possible.

Output: What is the dosage and route of adenosine?

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the best-known trade name for adenosine?


Input: [Adenocard] Onset = rapid Half-Life = approximately 10 seconds Adenosine is broken down by adenosine deaminase, which is present in RBCs and vessel walls.

Output: What are the pharmacokinetics of adenosine?

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the best-known trade name for adenosine?


Input: [1] device that accepts input, processes data, stores data and produces output, all according to a set of stored instructions [2]

Output: computer

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Includes the electronic and mechanical devices that process the data; refers to the computer as well as peripheral devices. [2]

Output: hardware

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A computer program that tells the computer how to perform particular tasks. [2]

Output: software

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Two or more computers and other devices that are connected, for the purpose of sharing data and programs. [2]

Output: network

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Used to expand the computer’s input, output and storage capabilities. [2]

Output: Peripheral devices

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Manipulation of the data in many ways. [2]

Output: Processing

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Consists of the processing results produced by a computer. [2]

Output: Output

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The results of the computer storing data as bits and bytes; the words, numbers, sounds, and graphics. [2]

Output: Information

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Whatever is put into a computer system. [2]

Output: Input

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, or ideas. [2]

Output: Data

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Area of the computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed, stored, or output. [2]

Output: Memory

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Area of the computer that holds data on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing. [2]

Output: Storage

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A personal computer; designed to meet the computer needs of an individual. Provides access to a wide variety of computing applications, such as word processing, photo editing, e-mail, and internet. [2]

Output: Microcomputer

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] that fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet.The CPU can be housed in either a vertical or a horizontal case.Has separate components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) that are each plugged into the computer. [2]

Output: Desktop Microcomputer

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A portable, compact computer that can run on an electrical wall outlet or a battery unit. All components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) are in one compact unit. [2]

Output: Laptop Computer

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Powerful desktop computer designed for specialized tasks.Can tackle tasks that require a lot of processing speed. Can also be an ordinary personal computer attached to a LAN (local area network). [2]

Output: Workstation

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A computer that was the fastest in the world at the time it was constructed. Can tackle tasks that would not be practical for other computers.Typical uses: Breaking codes & Modeling weather systems [2]

Output: Supercomputer

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Large expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users. Used to store, manage, and process large amounts of data that need to be reliable, secure, and centralized. Usually housed in a closet sized cabinet. [2]

Output: Mainframe

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A computer that has the purpose of supplying its users with data; usually through the use of a LAN (local area network). [2]

Output: Server

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] a PDA, fits into a pocket, runs on batteries, Typically used as an appointment book, address book, calculator, and notepad.Can be synchronized with a personal microcomputer as a backup. [2]

Output: Handheld

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Case that holds the power supply, storage devices, and the circuit boards (including the motherboard). [2]

Output: System unit

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Where the processing in a computer takes place, often called the brain of the computer [2]

Output: CPU

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Units that gather information and transform that information it into a series of electronic signals for the computer. [2]

Output: Input Devices

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special function keys that act as the primary input device to the computer. [2]

Output: Keyboard

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An input device that allows the user to manipulate objects on the screen by moving the device along the surface of a desk. [2]

Output: Mouse

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to accept audio input, play sound files, and produce audio output through speakers or headphones. [2]

Output: Sound Card

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A device that sends and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines. [2]

Output: Modem

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] display, print, or transmit the results of processing from the computer’s memory. [2]

Output: Output Devices

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] forms an image by converting electrical signals from the computer into points of colored light on the screen. [2]

Output: monitor

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Used to keep data when the power to the computer is turned off. Different forms Hard disk Floppy or zip disks CD-Writer [2]

Output: Storage Devices

Types of Computers & Computer Hardware Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] pure substance

Output: is uniform in its composition and chemical properties and cannot be easily separated

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] elements

Output: pure substances that contain only one type of atom and cannot be separated into simpler components

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] mixture

Output: two or more substances blended together

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] atom

Output: smallest and simplest particle of an element

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] chemical compounds

Output: pure substances consisting of atoms combined in specific ratios that can be split into simpler substances by chemical reactions

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] molecule

Output: is the smallest particle of a compound that still retains the properties of that compound

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] proton

Output: positively charged subatomic particle that have mass

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] neutron

Output: electrically neutral subatomic particle that has mass

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] electron

Output: electrically negative sub atomic particle that is so small it essentially has no mass

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] nucleus

Output: protons and neutrons are contained in this central part of the atom

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] organic chemistry

Output: is the study of the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon and related compounds

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] chemical formulas

Output: abbreviations or symbols that show how many atoms of each element are present

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] atomic weight (AW)

Output: average weight of an element's atoms

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] molecular weight (MW)

Output: average mass of a substance's molecules

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] atomic mass unit

Output: unit of measurement for the combined atomic and molecular weights

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] periodic table

Output: chart that organizes the symbols, chemical properties, and full names of all elements

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] atomic number (Z)

Output: number of protons and atom contains

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] mass number (A)

Output: sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] isotopes

Output: atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons and thus having a different mass number

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] ion

Output: electrically charged atoms

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] cation

Output: positively charged ion

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] anion

Output: negatively charged ion

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] water soluble

Output: compounds that dissolve in water and separate into their original ionic form

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] electrolytes

Output: salts that break up into ions

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] milliequivalent (mEq)

Output: concentration of electrolytes in a certain volume of solution

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] ionic bonds

Output: these are formed because of the natural attraction between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions and are the forces that hold ions together

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] hydrogen bonds

Output: associations between electronegative atoms and a hydrogen atom attached to another electronegative atom

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] dipole

Output: a molecule in which each end had an equal but opposite charge

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] chemical reaction

Output: a change brought about by the interactions of one or more chemicals

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] reactants

Output: the precursor or starting substance of a chemical reaction

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] product

Output: end result of a chemical reaction

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] endothermic

Output: a chemical reaction that requires energy and absorbs heat

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] exothermic

Output: a chemical reaction that releases heat

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] enthalpy

Output: the measurement of the heat of a reaction

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] enzymes

Output: protein catalysts designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] catalysts

Output: substances that increase the reactions speed but are unchanged themselves at the end of the reaction

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] chemical equilibrium

Output: a state of balance in a chemical reaction

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] hydrophilic

Output: easily dissolved in water, means "water loving"

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] hydrophobic

Output: not easily dissolved in water, means "water fearing"

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] acid

Output: a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a water solution

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] base

Output: a substance that decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] acidotic

Output: blood that is too acidic

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] alkalotic

Output: blood that is too basic

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] buffer

Output: any substance that can reversibly bind hydrogen (H+)

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] buffer systems

Output: fact-acting defenses for acid-base changes, providing almost immediate protection against changes in the hydrogen ion concentration of extracellular fluid

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] mole

Output: a unit of base measure of atoms in which one mole of substance has a mass that is equal to the molecular weight of the substance

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [matter] molarity (M)

Output: the chemical term for strength of solutions, which is expressed in terms of the numbers of moles of solid dissolved in solvent to yield a given volume of solution

Basic Chemistry A&P- Vocab Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] loyalty [1]

Output: allegiance


Input: [2] following God’s principles of right and wrong [1]

Output: moral


Input: [2] not reliable [1]

Output: irresponsible


Input: [2] happening once and a while [1]

Output: occasional


Input: [2] the product of imagination [1]

Output: fantasy


Input: [2] payment for work [1]

Output: wages


Input: [2] catching [1]

Output: contagious


Input: Injury, Causation & Redressability. P must show direct & personal injruy. There must be a connection between the injury and the conduct complained of and a decision in the Ps favor must be capable of eliminating her grievance. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Standing Requirements


Input: Congress can't eliminate the case or controversy requirement. Can't extend the scope of federal judicial powers [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Congressional Conferral of Standing


Input: A P can enforce a federal statute if she is within the zone of interests Congress meant to protect. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Standing under a government statute


Input: Not generally allowed. But if a person has a claim in her own right they may assert the rights of another party when either 1) it is difficult for the third party to assert their own rights or 2) a special realthioship exists between the claimant and the third party. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Standing to Assert the rights of others


Input: 1) injury in fact to members that gives them the right to sue on their own behalf 2) injury is related to organizations purpose 3) individual participation in lawsuit is not required. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Standing of Organizations


Input: No claims as citizens & no taxpayer standing with the exception of attacking taxing and spending on Establishment Clause grounds. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Citizenship & Taxpayer Standing


Input: A federal court may abstain from 1) resolving a constituional question when it turns on unsettled question of state law or when 2) state criminal proceedings are pending (unless there is harassment or bad faith). [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Abstention Doctrine


Input: Issues that are constituionally committed to another branch of government. Hallmark Examples: Republican Form of Government President's foreign policy Impeachment/removal Partisan Gerrymander Quals of elected officials The court can act on questions such as legislative apporitonment & production of presidential papers. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Political Question


Input: Prohibits federal courts from hearing a private party or foreign government's claim against a state government. Also SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY bars an action by a state government in state court, unless the state consents. Exceptions: State can waive Congress can pass laws that allow suit under 14A Fed Gov can sue State Gov Bankruptcy proceedings Can instead sue state officers. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: 11th Amendment


Input: 1) can seek to enjoin an officer from conduct that violates Const/laws or 2) sue for damages against an officer personally. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Actions against state officers


Input: Ripeness - there must be some harm or immediate threat of harm. (potential statute does not qualify) Mootness - won't consider a resovled matter unles 1) capable of repetition, but evading review 2) volutary stopping but free to resume 3) class actions when the representative's issue is moot but other's arent. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Ripeness/Mootness


Input: 1) Cert - discretion - rule of 4 2) Mandatory review for decisions of 3 judge panel in federal district court - case skips court of appeals 3) exclusive JX for suits between states & ambassadors (concurrent w/ other feds) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Supreme Court Review


Input: 1) Channels of interstate commerce 2) Instrumentalities of interstate commerce (persons and things) 3) Activities that have a substantial effect on interstate commerce. A court will uphold a regualtion on an entirely intrastate activity if it is an economic or commercial activity and the court can concieve or a rational basis under which Congresss could find the activity in aggregate affects interstate commerce. But, if it is noncommercial and non economic, Congress must show a substantial economic effect. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: What can congress regulate under the commerce power?


Input: Only MILD police powers - Military, Indians, Lands and DC. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Congressional Authority to Act under the police power


Input: The tax must either 1) bear a reasonable relationship to revenue production or 2) Congress should have the power to regulate the activity being taxed. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Taxing power


Input: for the general welfare - congress can dispose of property. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Spending power


Input: 1) Congress cannot deny habeas corpus review to aliens detained as enemy combatants without a meaningful substitute for review. 2) American civilians may be tried by military courts under martial law only if actual war forces the courts to shut down. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Congress - War Power limitations


Input: Can establish uniform rules. Can deny aliens entry because of their political beliefs. However resident aliens are entitled to notice and a hearing before they can be deported. Congress cannot deprive someone of citizenship without their consent. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Congress - power over citizenship


Input: Must set intelligible standards and it must not be a power that is confied to Congress under the Constitution. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Delegation of Legislative Power


Input: Conduct in the course of the federal legislative process is immune from prosecution. Immunity doesn't cover bribes, speeches outside of Congress, republication in a press release. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Speech and Debate Clause


Input: Preident appoints with advice and consent of teh enate. Congress can vest appointment of inferiror officers in the president, the courts or the heads of departments but congress cannot give itself this power. Removal is entirely up to the president, unless statutory limitations for good cause in certain job titles that require it. Congress can only remove through impeachment. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Presidential appointment powers


Input: all FEDERAL offenses. Cannot be limited by Congress. Doesn't include civil contempt, even where jail time exists. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Pardon power


Input: 1) Authority is at it's maximum when Pres acts with express or implied consent from Congress 2) when Congress is silent Pres power will be upheld unless it interferes with sep of powers 3) President acts against the will of congress his action is likely invalid. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: President's power as Chief Executive (Steel Seizure Framework)


Input: Priviledge - to keep confidential communications secret. In criminal proceedings, prosecution can demonstrate need. Immunity - absolute immunity for civil damages based on action Pres takes in his official responsibility. Extends to presidential aides w/ discretionary authority. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Executive Privilege/Immunity


Input: 1) If a state or local law prevents acheivement of a federal objective it is invalid. 2) If a federal statute expressly or impliedly occupys the entire field this precludes any reguatlion even if it is non conflicting. Courts presume police powers are not superseeded unless that is the clear purpose of Congress [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Preemption


Input: An agreement between states that increases their powers at the expense of federal powers must have Congressional approval. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Interstate Compact Clause


Input: 1) JX 2) on the merits 3) final judgment [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Full Faith and Credit requirements


Input: 1) U.S. can sue a state without it's consent 2) U.S. government must give consent to be sued by a state 3) A suit against a federal officer is brought against the U.S. if the judgment would be satisifed out of the treasury or if it interfers with public adminsitraiton. However, specific relief against an officer as an individual is allowed if the officer acted ultra vires. 4) State may sue another state in the S.C. without consent. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Intersovereign Litigation


Input: Only if both the public sector and the private sector are regulated (ex: minimum wage). Regulating or taxing only the state would be limited by the 10th amendment. Exception - Congress can restrict state activities that violate civil rights. Exception - Congress can regulate states trhough the spending power. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Can the Federal Government tax or regulate state and/or local governmental activities?


Input: Congress may not require state executive officials to enforce federal laws. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Commandeering State Officials


Input: No, not without the consent of congress. However, nondiscriminatory, indirect taxes are permissible if they don't unreasonably burden the federal government (income tax on federal employees). [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Can the state tax/regulate the federal government?


Input: Only protects people not corps/aliens. Prohibits discrimination by a state against a nonresident. Only fundamental rights and civil liberties are protected. Subject to "Substantial justification" for the different treatment. State must show that nonresidents cause/contribute to the problem and that there are no less restrictive means of solving the problem. Consider Dormant Commerce Clause when using P&I [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Article IV - Priviledges and Immunities


Input: States cannot deny citizens the P & I of NATIONAL citizenship. Essentially right to travel, vote for federal officers, petition Congress for redress [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Priviledges and Immnities - 14th Amendment


Input: Facially Discriminatory & unduely burdensome it is invalid unless 1) Market participant 2) furthers an important, noneconomic state interst & no reasonable nondiscrimintaory alternatives or 3) law favors government performing traditional government functions If non facially discriminatory - does it still place a burden on interstate commerce. If so, it is invalid unless the states interest outweighs the burden. Actions under the DCC can be brought by an alien or a corporation. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Dormant Commerce Clause


Input: 3rd/Quartering 5th/grand jury 7th/jury in civil 8th/excessive fines [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Bill of Rights, those not extended to states


Input: Prohibits slavery & involuntary servitude. Under enabling Clause, Congress can prohibit racially discriminatory action by ANYONE (the government or a private citizen) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: 13th amendment


Input: Only involves state action. Section 5 gives Congress power to adopt legislation to enforce the 14th. They may not expand rights or create new ones, but they may adopt legislation that is "congruent and proportional" to remdying a violation of rights. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: 14th Amendment - Due Process, Esp. Section 5


Input: Congress can use the substantial effect on interstate commerce prong to limit private racial discrimination. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Commerce Clause & racial discrimination


Input: Right to assemble, travel and petition Congress [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Rights of National Citizenship


Input: When either individuals 1) perform exclusive public functions or 2) have significant state involvment (when a state affirmatively facilitiates discrimination/enforcing a discriminatory covenant) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: When can private action constitute state action?


Input: Prohibits sates from enacting a law that retroactively impairs contract rights. If a federal issue, look at due process (5th amendment). Contract Clause doesn't apply to Feds. 1) state legistlation that substantially impairs an existing contract is invalud unless it 1) serves and important and legitimate public interest and 2) it is a reasonable and narrowly tailored means. STRICTER SCRUTINY when the state is a party. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Contract Clause


Input: A fair process (notice & hearing) is required for a gov't to take a person's life, liberty or property. Must e intentional or "shock the conscience." Balancing Test...(on another card) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Procedural Due Process (General Rule)


Input: loss of freedom of action or statutory freedom 1) Except in an emergency, before an adult can be instituionalized, there must be notice and a hearing 2) When a child is institutionalized by a parent, only a screening by a neutral fact finder 3) Harm to reputation is not loss of liberty [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Deprivation of LIberty


Input: An entitlement, where there is a reasonable expectation of continued benefit (welfare benefits) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Deprivation of Property


Input: 1) Importance of the interest to the individual 2) government's interests in efficiency/money 3) The ability of additonal procedures to increase the accuracy of fact finding. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Balancing Test for Procedural Due Process


Input: When government fees would deny a fundamental right, the fee must be waived. (marriage, divorce, filing fee for election) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Government Fees & Indigent Plaintiffs


Input: 5th amendment - The government may take private property for public use if it provides just compensation. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: The Taking Clause, in general


Input: 1) Is there a taking? 2) Is it for public use? 3) Has just compensation been paid? [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Takings attack


Input: 1) posessory taking or 2) reulatory taking that leave no reasonalbe econoically viable use of the property [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: When a taking exists?


Input: Very broadly defined - so long as the government acts out of a reasonable belief that the taking will benefit the public [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Defining public use


Input: Measured in terms of loss to the owner. (Fair market value) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Measuring just compensation


Input: 1) Government conditions on devleopment must be justified by a benefit that is proportionate to the burden or it is a taking. 2) a property owner may bring a takings challenge to regs that existed before they owned teh property 3) temporary deprivation is not a taking if the action is reasonable [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Takings, Special Rules


Input: Mitral stenosis Aortic Regurgitation Tricuspid valve stenosis Patent ductus arteriosus

Output: What are the murmurs that are heard during systole?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Increase Capillary permeability Vasomotor center failure Peripheral circulatory failure decreased cellular mitochondrial activity Acidosis Urine output decreases

Output: Events that occur during progressive shock

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: To counter act HTN (as a vasoconstrictor) 1. Spinal cord injury 2. very deep anesthesia 3. Anaphylactic shock

Output: When to administer a sympathomimetic drug to prevent shock?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Excess vomiting Hemorrhage Overuse of diuretics Diarrhea

Output: When to give a balanced electrolyte solution as a treatment for shock?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Closing of the atrioventricular valves

Output: What is the first heart sound caused by?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Closing of Pulmonary and Aortic valves

Output: What is the second heart sound caused by?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Inrushing of blood into the ventricles in the early to middle part of diastole

Output: What is the 3rd heart sound associated with?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Inrushing of blood into the ventricles caused by atrial contraction occurs @ end of diastolic period "Kick" that increase output by 25-30%

Output: What is the 4th heart sound associated with?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Increased Pulse pressure Decreased diastolic pressure

Output: Aortic valve regurgitation associated with?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Increased heart rate stress-relaxation -> constrict veins Increase ADH -> water retention CNS- Ischemic response (which increase sympathetic output, increase absorption, increase volume in the vasoculature)

Output: Compensated hemorrhagic shock How is progression prevented?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: 1. Pulmonary valve regurgitation -> RT ventricle hypertrophy 2. Aortic stenosis-> LF ventricle hypertrophy 3. Mitral stenosis-> Ventricles stay normal 4. Tricuspid stenosis-> Ventricles stay normal

Output: How do the following affect hypertrophy in the ventricles? 1. Pulmonary valve regurgitation 2. Aortic stenosis 3. Mitral stenosis 4. Tricuspid stenosis

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Sympathomimetic drug

Output: Patient received influenza inoculation and went into shock...what is the treatment?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Replace volume lost in the urine by infusion of a balanced electrolyte

Output: Overdose of furosemide.. What is the treatment?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Mitral stenosis Aortic regurgitation Mitral regurgitation

Output: What can cause increase in left atrial pressure?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Tricuspid stenosis and regurgitation

Output: What can cause increase in Right Atrial pressure?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Septic shock

Output: what is a shock that causes increase in cardiac output?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Aortic stenosis Aortic regurgitation (increased in pulse pressure)

Output: What can cause left side of heart to enlarge?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: due to severe reduction in plasma volume-> treat with replacing plasma

Output: In intestinal obstruction what is the treatment?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: -Acidosis -Blood agglutination -Vessels blocked -Necrosis of liver -Mitrochondrial activity decreases - Increased capillary permeability - Increased release of hydrolases by the lysosomes - decreased in cellular metabolism of glucose

Output: Progressive shock

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: -decrease in cardiac contractility - vasomotor center is depressed -Acidosis -Endotoxin release -Increased capillary permeability -Active transport of Na/K decreases

Output: Progressive HEMORRHAGIC shock

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: Treat with Plasma infusion

Output: Burned patients.. Treatment?

Ch 23 and 24 Review book question-physiology Flashcards - Cram.com

What are the Murmurs that are heard during systole?


Input: operational databases & analytical databases [What is a database?]

Output: What are two types of databases?

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: operational databases are collect, modify, and maintain data on a daily basis - ie a retail operation, or a bank operation [What is a database?]

Output: What is meant by an operational database?

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Analytic databases store static data - they track historical and time dependent data - the info gleaned from an analytic database reflects a point-in-time snapshot of the data [What is a database?]

Output: What is meant by an analytical database?

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the hierarchical and the network [What is a database?]

Output: What type of database model preceded the relational database?

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: usu as an inverted tree, a single table is the root and other tables act as branches flowing from the root [What is a database?]

Output: How is a the hierarchical model diagrammed

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: parent/child [What is a database?]

Output: what is the relationship between tables in the hierarchical model called

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: data access is quick because there are explicit links between the tables; secondly, referential integrity is built in [What is a database?]

Output: what are advantages to the hierarchical model

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a child record cannot be inserted without a parent table; complex, many-to-many data cannot be modeled without redundancy [What is a database?]

Output: what are problems to the hierarchical model?

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: nodes & set structures [What is a database?]

Output: How is the structure of a network database modeled

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a node, in the network database model, is a collection of records [What is a database?]

Output: What is a node?

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: in the network database model, establishes and represents a relationship - one node is an owner, the other node is a member [What is a database?]

Output: what is a set structure?

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: data could be traversed from any side of a relationship in the network data model, there could also be many to many relationships [What is a database?]

Output: what did the network database model do - in relation to hierarchical models

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: conceived in 1969 by Dr.Edgar F.Codd, IBM research scientist, looking into ways to better handle large amts of data - [What is a database?]

Output: Origins of the relational database model?

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Set Theory [What is a database?]

Output: What does the name relational database stem from?

Relational Database Design Into Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the functional class of adenosine? [Adenocard] Antidysrhythmic

Output: Adenosine is a class V antidysrythmic (direct nodal inhibition). Adenosine also has topical anti-inflammatory properties

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

A formulation of adenosine used as a pharmacologic stress agent is called Adenoscan. Adenosine is often abbreviated "Ado".


Input: What is the mechanism of action of adenosine? [Adenocard] A naturally occurring nucleoside that decreases conduction through the AV node and interrupts AV and SA re-entry pathways thus restoring normal sinus rhythm in patients with SVT.

Output: Adenosine also indirectly causes a shortening of the refractory period in atrial tissue and can precipitate A Fib if administered via a central lumen catheter.

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

A formulation of adenosine used as a pharmacologic stress agent is called Adenoscan. Adenosine is often abbreviated "Ado".


Input: What are the listed indications for adenosine? [Adenocard] SVT refractory to vagal maneuvers including Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW)

Output: WPW features ventricular preexcitation due to an accessory pathway from the atria to the ventricles known as the bundle of Kent.

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

A formulation of adenosine used as a pharmacologic stress agent is called Adenoscan. Adenosine is often abbreviated "Ado".


Input: What are the listed contraindications for adenosine? [Adenocard] - 2nd and 3rd Degree AV heart blocks - Symptomatic bradycardia - Sick sinus syndrome - Hypersensitivity

Output: 2nd and 3rd degree AV heart blocks and sick sinus syndrome may be permitted if a cardiac pacemaker is present.

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

A formulation of adenosine used as a pharmacologic stress agent is called Adenoscan. Adenosine is often abbreviated "Ado".


Input: What are the listed precautions for adenosine? [Adenocard] - Place patient in semi-Fowler position as patients will typically develop arrhythmias at the time of conversion - Use cautiously in patients with asthma

Output: This can be expanded to include patients with acute bronchospasm and other obstructive lung diseases.

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

A formulation of adenosine used as a pharmacologic stress agent is called Adenoscan. Adenosine is often abbreviated "Ado".


Input: What are the listed side effects for adenosine? [Adenocard] - Syncope - Dizziness - Dyspnea - N/V - Headaches - Palpitations - Chest pain - Hypotension - Dysrhythmias Side effects are usually self-limiting due to short half-life.

Output: A metallic taste in the mouth is a hallmark side effect of adenosine.

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

A formulation of adenosine used as a pharmacologic stress agent is called Adenoscan. Adenosine is often abbreviated "Ado".


Input: What are the listed interactions for adenosine? [Adenocard] - Patients taking caffeine or xanthines (aminophylline or theophylline) may require larger doses as these drugs antagonize adenosine - Patients on dipyridamole (Persantine) and carbamazepine (Tegretol) may need smaller doses of adenosine as these drugs potentiate adenosine’s effects

Output: Some sources state that verapamil (and related medications) may increase the risk of V Fib.

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

A formulation of adenosine used as a pharmacologic stress agent is called Adenoscan. Adenosine is often abbreviated "Ado".


Input: What is the dosage and route of adenosine? [Adenocard] Adult: - 6mg rapid IVP followed by a 10-20mL NS flush - If no conversion after 1-2 minutes administer 12mg rapid IVP followed by a 10-20mL NS flush - If no conversion after 1-2 minutes administer repeat 12mg rapid IVP followed by a 10-20mL NS flush Pedi: - 0.1mg/kg IVP/IO (maximum single dose is 6mg) - May repeat only once in 1-2 minutes at 0.2mg/kg (maximum second dose is 12mg)

Output: Because of the very short half-life, administer adenosine as close to the heart as possible.

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

A formulation of adenosine used as a pharmacologic stress agent is called Adenoscan. Adenosine is often abbreviated "Ado".


Input: What are the pharmacokinetics of adenosine? [Adenocard] Onset = rapid Half-Life = approximately 10 seconds

Output: Adenosine is broken down by adenosine deaminase, which is present in RBCs and vessel walls.

NEEMSI Paramedic Pharmacology - Adenosine Flashcards - Cram.com

A formulation of adenosine used as a pharmacologic stress agent is called Adenoscan. Adenosine is often abbreviated "Ado".


Input: These are any and all actions that one morally must preform, and if one does not preform these actions, then one is morally wrong. -moral duties -ought or should do [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define the Right/Obligatory:


Input: Action that one must NOT preform, and if one does fail to fulfill his or her moral duty. [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define the Wrong


Input: Things whoes existence or occurrence by itself makes the universe better [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define The Good


Input: Things whose existence or occurrence by itself makes the universe worse [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define The Bad


Input: Actions that you ought or is moreally best to do but are not obligated to perform. [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define The Supererogatory


Input: Consideration that morally count in favor of an action, but do not guarantee that the action is right or supererogatory. [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define The Normative Reasons


Input: Actiosn that make on subject to moral blame, but it needn't be morally wrong. [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define The Blameworthy


Input: Actiosn that make one subejct to moral praise. [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define the Praiseworthy


Input: being a moral right to a certain kind of treatment if and only if others are generally obligated to treat that individual that way even if treating them that way does not have the best consequences [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define A Moral/Human Right


Input: actions we(or a government) are morally premitted to actively prevent or discourage [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define Actions subject to Force, Saction or Prior Restraint


Input: it tells us which types of actions are right and wrong [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define Ethical Theories


Input: it focuses on consequences. A theory is teleological if and only if the rightness or the wrongness of actions always depends in some way on the effects of the action. EX -ethical egoism -Consequentialism [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define Teleological Theories


Input: focus on aspects other than the consequences. It may focus on the motive of action, type of action, or whether the actions was commanded by God. -Ethical Subjectivism -Divine Command Theory -Agent-Relative Cultural Relativism -Any Ten Commandment type view [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define Deontological Theories


Input: have a mix of teleological and Deontological theories. - an action is right if and only if it maximizes pleasure over pain and does not violate anyone's moral rights - an action is right if it follows a set of social rules and if this set would maximize happiness better than anyother set. [Define Moral Agent]

Output: Define Hybrid View


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] -Eclipse period -Latent period -Rise period -Burst size

Output: -no intact virons exist -no viral progeny released yet -viral progeny released -# of viruses produced per infected cell

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] Plaque

Output: -zone of bacterial or cell lysis due to infection by a single viron -Only formed by viable virus particles -Plaque Forming Units(number of colonies) -can be used to obtain pure viral cultures

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] Bacteriophage Repoduction Cycle

Output: A)Lytic Infection -cell lysis during virus release -Virulent Phages B)Latent Infection -incorp into host cells chrom -later reactivated to cause lytic infection -Temperate phages

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] Virulent Phage Reproduction

Output: 1)Attachment 2)Penetration & Uncoating 3)Replication of Viral NA 4)Synthesis of Viral coat proteins 5)Assembly of Virons 6)Release of Viral Progeny

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] 1) Attachment

Output: -Phages bind to specific receptor sites -Receptor sites vary among phages -No receptor no attachment

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] 2) Penetration & Uncoating

Output: -Penetration of viral DNA, and loss of empty capsid

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] 3) Replication of viral nucleic acid

Output: -Virus stops reproduction of cell DNA, RNA, Proteins -Activation and transcription of early genes -3 types of early genes 1) enzymes to degrade bacterial DNA 2) enzymes to aid in synthesis of viral DNA 3) Proteins involved in inhibiting bacterial mechs

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] Synthesis of T4 DNA

Output: -Contains hydroxymethylcytosine (HMC) instead of cytosine -After DNA synth HMC is glycosylated, protecting the DNA

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] Replication of ssDNA

Output: -must generate a dsDNA replicative form before replication or transcription can occur

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] 4)Synthesis of Viral Coat Proteins

Output: - Virus-encoded sigma factor directs the reading of the late genes by the cell's RNA polymerse - Late- transcribed after the phage nucleic acid is replicated

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] 3 Catergories of Late Genes

Output: 1)Phage structural proteins 2)Proteins that aid in phage assembly 3)Proteins involved in cell lysis and release of phages

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] 5)Assembly of Virons

Output: -Spontaneous self assembly 1)Head -Proteins assembled in prohead -DNA packed into head 2)Tail -attached to head at collar 3)Tail fibers made & attach to baseplate -Ends eclipse period

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] 6)Release of Viral Progeny

Output: -Lysis usually -T4 proteins +Endolysin (attacks petidoglycan) +Holin (lesions in cell membrane) -latent period is 22 mins after infection

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] B)Temperate Bacteriophages

Output: -Specialized transduction -Lysogeny +Non-lytic relationship btwn phage and host +Intergration of phage genome into host DNA (prophage) +Lysogens(infected bacterial host)

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] Lambda repressor

Output: -cI gene product -Activated= lambda remains prophage -Inactivated= prophage excises and becomes virulent +Repair mechs for DNA directly inactivates repressor protein

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] Cro Protein

Output: -Cro gene product -Regulates lytic cycle genes -Blocks synthesis of lambda repressor

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] Induction

Output: -Activation and excision of prophage -Triggered by drop in Lambda Repressor -Virus then enters lytic replication cycle

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [Bacteriophage growth] 1)Inductase 2)Excisionase

Output: 1)Viral enzyme that catalyzes induction of lamba genome into cell's genome 2)Enzyme that reverses intergration process by binding to integrase

Micro test 3 CH 17 Flashcards - Cram.com

- must be inside cell to reproduce - one step growth curve +viral progeny made and released at same time


Input: [1] held together by tropomyosin [2]

Output: actin


Input: [1] contains heads whose movement provides a 'rowing' action [2]

Output: myosin


Input: [1] binding sites on it are exposed by calcium action [2]

Output: actin


Input: [1] makes up most of the thin filaments [2]

Output: actin


Input: [1] Which neurotransmitter is responsible for initiating muscle contraction? [2]

Output: Acetylcholine


Input: [1] What features of cardiac muscle allow communication between muscle cells? [2]

Output: intercalated discs containing gap junctions and desmosomes


Input: [1] striation [2]

Output: occurs in both skeletal and cardiac muscle


Input: [1] number of nuclei per cell [2]

Output: Cardiac has one nucleus/cell, skeletal are multi-nucleated/cell


Input: [1] communication between cells [2]

Output: cardiac muscles can communicate muscle contraction to next cell, while skeletal muscles cells contraction in isolation


Input: [1] position of nucleus in cells [2]

Output: cardiac muscle has central nucleus whereas skeletal muscle cells have nuclei on periphery


Input: [1] list the substances which may initiate smooth muscle contraction [2]

Output: neurotransmitters, hormones, chemicals


Input: [1] why does smooth muscle not appear striped or striated like striated muscle? [2]

Output: contractile proteins not arranged in sarcomeres


Input: [1] erector pilli muscles [2]

Output: multi-unit


Input: [1] small arteries [2]

Output: visceral


Input: [1] large airways [2]

Output: multi unit


Input: [1] stomach [2]

Output: visceral


Input: [1] large arteries [2]

Output: multi unit


Input: [1] circular muscle in iris [2]

Output: multi unit


Input: [1] bladder [2]

Output: visceral


Input: [1] list the processes by which muscles obtain ATP energy [2]

Output: phosphagen system; glycogen-lactic acid system; aerobic system


Input: [1] What do we call the process of converting glucose to lactate in the muscles and then lactate to glucose in the liver [2]

Output: Cori cycle


Input: [1] Name two types of smooth muscle [2]

Output: visceral and multi unit


Input: [1] what protein replaces troponin in smooth muscle? [2]

Output: calmodulin


Input: [1] Why are both calcium and magnesium necessary for smooth muscle contraction? [2]

Output: Ca binds to calmodulin -> myosin head binds to actin; Mg is part of MgATPase which provides the energy for contraction


Input: [1] What important molecule is used to transfer high energy phosphate groups in the phosphagen system? [2]

Output: Creatine phosphate


Input: [1] What are two advantages of the Cori cycle [2]

Output: increases glucose availability and decreases acidity


Input: [1] Why is a good supply of oxygen to the heart essential? [2]

Output: Cardiac muscle acts continuously and is therefore dependent on aerobic processes.


Input: [1] What are the tree types of muscle? [2]

Output: skeletal, cardial, smooth


Input: [1] T/F the cells in skeletal muscle lie parallel to each other [2]

Output: True


Input: [1] What does the sarcoplasm contain? [2]

Output: myoglobin and glycogen


Input: [1] T/F skeletal cells are multi nucleated [2]

Output: true


Input: [1] What are the functional contractile units in myofibrils? [2]

Output: Sarcomeres


Input: [1] T/F each myofibril is surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum [2]

Output: True


Input: [1] What holds actin molecules together? [2]

Output: tropomyosin


Input: [1] Which protein is attached to the tropomyosin? [2]

Output: Troponin


Input: [1] T/F Troponin contains calcium ion binding sites [2]

Output: True


Input: [Strabimus] Snellen Chart

Output: Chart used for testing visual acuity.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Retina

Output: Light sensitive nerve tissue lining the inner surface of the posterior chamber of the eye.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Ptosis

Output: Drooping of the eyelid.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Pupil

Output: Variable-sized black circular opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Presbyopia

Output: Refractive condition in which there is a diminished power of accommodation arising from loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens, as occurs with aging. Usually becomes significant after age 45.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Photophobia

Output: Abnormal sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Peripheral vision

Output: Side vision; vision elicited by stimuli falling on retinal areas distant from the macula.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Optic Nerve (CN-II)

Output: Largest sensory nerve of the eye; carries impulses for sight from the retina to the brain.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Optometrist

Output: Doctor of optometry (OD) specializing in vision problems, treating vision conditions with spectacles, contact lenses, low vision aids and vision therapy, and prescribing medications for certain eye diseases.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Optician

Output: Professional who makes and adjusts optical aids, e.g., eyeglass lenses, from refraction prescriptions supplied by an opthalmologist or optometrist.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Ophthalmoscope

Output: Illuminated instrument for visualizing the interior of the eye (especially the fundus).

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Nystagmus

Output: Involuntary, rhythmic side-to-side or up and down (oscillating) eye movements that are faster in one direction than the other.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Myopia

Output: Nearsightedness, can not see clearly in the distance.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Lens

Output: Focuses light on the retina.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Lacrimal gland

Output: Produces tears. Located at the upper, outer eye.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Iris

Output: Pigmented muscle tissue lying behind the cornea that gives color to the eye (e.g., blue eyes) and controls amount of light entering the eye by varying the size of the pupillary opening.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Hyphema

Output: Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. This is a medical emergency. The blood visible behind the cornea and over the iris and pupil.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Output: Blood beneath the conjunctiva on the "white of the eye" (sclera). This is usually self-limiting.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Vitreous humor

Output: Transparent, colorless gelatinous mass that fills the rear two-thirds of the eyeball, between the lens and the retina.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Auricle, Pinna

Output: External ear

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Ossicles

Output: Middle ear blones: incus, malleous, stapes

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN-VIII), also called the Aucostic nerve

Output: Provides for the sense of hearing and equilibrium

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Otorrhea

Output: Discharge from the ear.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Battle's sign

Output: Ecchymosis over the Mastoid processes behind the ears. It is a late sign of basilar skull fracture.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Raccoon's eyes

Output: Bilateral periorbital ecchymosis. It is a late sign of basilar skull fracture.

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Rhinitis

Output: a runny nose

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [Strabimus] Epistaxis

Output: Nosebleed

Assessment Terms 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

Eye misalignment caused by extraocular muscle imbalance: one fovea is not directed at the same object as the other.


Input: [2] Dermal [1]

Output: Which Tissue provides a plant's continuous growth


Input: [2] Ground [1]

Output: Which primary plant tissue is the most abundant?


Input: [2] Xylem moves water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant and Phloem moves sugar throughout the plant. [1]

Output: How are the two types of vascular tissues xylem and phloem different?


Input: [2] Development of Root and Vascular Tissue [1]

Output: List two ways that plant's anatomy is adapted to existence on land.


Input: [2] With the development of root hairs the plant in able to increase its surface area [1]

Output: Describe how roots maximize surface area.


Input: [2] Pinnate and Palmate [1]

Output: Name to two different classification of compound leaves


Input: [2] Stomata [1]

Output: What is the name of the feature that allow gas exchange on the surface of the leaf?


Input: [2] The apical meristem increases shoot length [1]

Output: What is the function of the apical meristem?


Input: [2] To protect the root meristem and to increase lubrication so that the root can grow through the soil. [1]

Output: What is the function of the root cap


Input: [2] Yes plant are living because they can reproduction, respond to stimuli, grow, and adapt to the environment in which they live [1]

Output: Are plants living? Why or Why not?


Input: [THE CELL THEORY] ORGANELLE

Output: TINY CELL STRUCTURE

PRENTICE HALL LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

THEORY THAT STATES THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS; CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN KIVING THINGS; AND LIVING CELLS COME ONLY FROM OTHER LIVING CELLS


Input: [THE CELL THEORY] CELL

Output: BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN A LIVING THING

PRENTICE HALL LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

THEORY THAT STATES THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS; CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN KIVING THINGS; AND LIVING CELLS COME ONLY FROM OTHER LIVING CELLS


Input: [THE CELL THEORY] CELL WALL

Output: OUTER MOST BOUNDARY OF A PLANT AND BACTERIAL CELLS THAT IS MADE OF CELLULOSE

PRENTICE HALL LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

THEORY THAT STATES THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS; CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN KIVING THINGS; AND LIVING CELLS COME ONLY FROM OTHER LIVING CELLS


Input: [THE CELL THEORY] CELL MEMBRANE

Output: THIN, FLEXIBLE ENVELOP THAT SURROUNDS THE CELL

PRENTICE HALL LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

THEORY THAT STATES THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS; CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN KIVING THINGS; AND LIVING CELLS COME ONLY FROM OTHER LIVING CELLS


Input: [THE CELL THEORY] NUCLEUS

Output: CELL STRUCTURE THAT DIRECTS ALL THE ACTIVITIES OF A CELL

PRENTICE HALL LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

THEORY THAT STATES THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS; CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN KIVING THINGS; AND LIVING CELLS COME ONLY FROM OTHER LIVING CELLS


Input: [THE CELL THEORY] CHROMOSOME

Output: ROD-SHAPED CELL STRUCTURE THAT DIRECTS THE ACTIVITIES OF A CELL AND PASSES ON THE TRAITS OF A CELL TO NEW CELLS

PRENTICE HALL LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

THEORY THAT STATES THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS; CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN KIVING THINGS; AND LIVING CELLS COME ONLY FROM OTHER LIVING CELLS


Input: [THE CELL THEORY] CYTOPLASM

Output: ALL THE PROTOPLASM, OR LIVING MATERIAL, OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS OF A CELL

PRENTICE HALL LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

THEORY THAT STATES THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS; CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN KIVING THINGS; AND LIVING CELLS COME ONLY FROM OTHER LIVING CELLS


Input: [THE CELL THEORY] ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Output: CLEAR TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY LEADING OUT FROM THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE THAT IS INVOLVED IN THE TRANSPORT OF PROTEINS

PRENTICE HALL LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 Flashcards - Cram.com

THEORY THAT STATES THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS; CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN KIVING THINGS; AND LIVING CELLS COME ONLY FROM OTHER LIVING CELLS