Input: [curl re-formation] blotting

Output: The term used to describe removing excess water before the application of a neutralizer is:

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com

The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is:


Input: [curl re-formation] firm S formation

Output: When checking for test curl development, the test curl should reflect:

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com

The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is:


Input: [curl re-formation] 1.5 turns

Output: When performing test curls, the rod should be unwound approximately:

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com

The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is:


Input: [curl re-formation] breakage

Output: Incorrect placement of the rubber band of perm rods will cause band marks or:

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com

The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is:


Input: [curl re-formation] hot irons

Output: When working with hair that has been chemically relaxed, you should avoid using:

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com

The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is:


Input: Injury, Causation & Redressability. P must show direct & personal injruy. There must be a connection between the injury and the conduct complained of and a decision in the Ps favor must be capable of eliminating her grievance. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Standing Requirements


Input: Congress can't eliminate the case or controversy requirement. Can't extend the scope of federal judicial powers [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Congressional Conferral of Standing


Input: A P can enforce a federal statute if she is within the zone of interests Congress meant to protect. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Standing under a government statute


Input: Not generally allowed. But if a person has a claim in her own right they may assert the rights of another party when either 1) it is difficult for the third party to assert their own rights or 2) a special realthioship exists between the claimant and the third party. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Standing to Assert the rights of others


Input: 1) injury in fact to members that gives them the right to sue on their own behalf 2) injury is related to organizations purpose 3) individual participation in lawsuit is not required. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Standing of Organizations


Input: No claims as citizens & no taxpayer standing with the exception of attacking taxing and spending on Establishment Clause grounds. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Citizenship & Taxpayer Standing


Input: A federal court may abstain from 1) resolving a constituional question when it turns on unsettled question of state law or when 2) state criminal proceedings are pending (unless there is harassment or bad faith). [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Abstention Doctrine


Input: Issues that are constituionally committed to another branch of government. Hallmark Examples: Republican Form of Government President's foreign policy Impeachment/removal Partisan Gerrymander Quals of elected officials The court can act on questions such as legislative apporitonment & production of presidential papers. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Political Question


Input: Prohibits federal courts from hearing a private party or foreign government's claim against a state government. Also SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY bars an action by a state government in state court, unless the state consents. Exceptions: State can waive Congress can pass laws that allow suit under 14A Fed Gov can sue State Gov Bankruptcy proceedings Can instead sue state officers. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: 11th Amendment


Input: 1) can seek to enjoin an officer from conduct that violates Const/laws or 2) sue for damages against an officer personally. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Actions against state officers


Input: Ripeness - there must be some harm or immediate threat of harm. (potential statute does not qualify) Mootness - won't consider a resovled matter unles 1) capable of repetition, but evading review 2) volutary stopping but free to resume 3) class actions when the representative's issue is moot but other's arent. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Ripeness/Mootness


Input: 1) Cert - discretion - rule of 4 2) Mandatory review for decisions of 3 judge panel in federal district court - case skips court of appeals 3) exclusive JX for suits between states & ambassadors (concurrent w/ other feds) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Supreme Court Review


Input: 1) Channels of interstate commerce 2) Instrumentalities of interstate commerce (persons and things) 3) Activities that have a substantial effect on interstate commerce. A court will uphold a regualtion on an entirely intrastate activity if it is an economic or commercial activity and the court can concieve or a rational basis under which Congresss could find the activity in aggregate affects interstate commerce. But, if it is noncommercial and non economic, Congress must show a substantial economic effect. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: What can congress regulate under the commerce power?


Input: Only MILD police powers - Military, Indians, Lands and DC. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Congressional Authority to Act under the police power


Input: The tax must either 1) bear a reasonable relationship to revenue production or 2) Congress should have the power to regulate the activity being taxed. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Taxing power


Input: for the general welfare - congress can dispose of property. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Spending power


Input: 1) Congress cannot deny habeas corpus review to aliens detained as enemy combatants without a meaningful substitute for review. 2) American civilians may be tried by military courts under martial law only if actual war forces the courts to shut down. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Congress - War Power limitations


Input: Can establish uniform rules. Can deny aliens entry because of their political beliefs. However resident aliens are entitled to notice and a hearing before they can be deported. Congress cannot deprive someone of citizenship without their consent. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Congress - power over citizenship


Input: Must set intelligible standards and it must not be a power that is confied to Congress under the Constitution. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Delegation of Legislative Power


Input: Conduct in the course of the federal legislative process is immune from prosecution. Immunity doesn't cover bribes, speeches outside of Congress, republication in a press release. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Speech and Debate Clause


Input: Preident appoints with advice and consent of teh enate. Congress can vest appointment of inferiror officers in the president, the courts or the heads of departments but congress cannot give itself this power. Removal is entirely up to the president, unless statutory limitations for good cause in certain job titles that require it. Congress can only remove through impeachment. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Presidential appointment powers


Input: all FEDERAL offenses. Cannot be limited by Congress. Doesn't include civil contempt, even where jail time exists. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Pardon power


Input: 1) Authority is at it's maximum when Pres acts with express or implied consent from Congress 2) when Congress is silent Pres power will be upheld unless it interferes with sep of powers 3) President acts against the will of congress his action is likely invalid. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: President's power as Chief Executive (Steel Seizure Framework)


Input: Priviledge - to keep confidential communications secret. In criminal proceedings, prosecution can demonstrate need. Immunity - absolute immunity for civil damages based on action Pres takes in his official responsibility. Extends to presidential aides w/ discretionary authority. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Executive Privilege/Immunity


Input: 1) If a state or local law prevents acheivement of a federal objective it is invalid. 2) If a federal statute expressly or impliedly occupys the entire field this precludes any reguatlion even if it is non conflicting. Courts presume police powers are not superseeded unless that is the clear purpose of Congress [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Preemption


Input: An agreement between states that increases their powers at the expense of federal powers must have Congressional approval. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Interstate Compact Clause


Input: 1) JX 2) on the merits 3) final judgment [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Full Faith and Credit requirements


Input: 1) U.S. can sue a state without it's consent 2) U.S. government must give consent to be sued by a state 3) A suit against a federal officer is brought against the U.S. if the judgment would be satisifed out of the treasury or if it interfers with public adminsitraiton. However, specific relief against an officer as an individual is allowed if the officer acted ultra vires. 4) State may sue another state in the S.C. without consent. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Intersovereign Litigation


Input: Only if both the public sector and the private sector are regulated (ex: minimum wage). Regulating or taxing only the state would be limited by the 10th amendment. Exception - Congress can restrict state activities that violate civil rights. Exception - Congress can regulate states trhough the spending power. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Can the Federal Government tax or regulate state and/or local governmental activities?


Input: Congress may not require state executive officials to enforce federal laws. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Commandeering State Officials


Input: No, not without the consent of congress. However, nondiscriminatory, indirect taxes are permissible if they don't unreasonably burden the federal government (income tax on federal employees). [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Can the state tax/regulate the federal government?


Input: Only protects people not corps/aliens. Prohibits discrimination by a state against a nonresident. Only fundamental rights and civil liberties are protected. Subject to "Substantial justification" for the different treatment. State must show that nonresidents cause/contribute to the problem and that there are no less restrictive means of solving the problem. Consider Dormant Commerce Clause when using P&I [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Article IV - Priviledges and Immunities


Input: States cannot deny citizens the P & I of NATIONAL citizenship. Essentially right to travel, vote for federal officers, petition Congress for redress [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Priviledges and Immnities - 14th Amendment


Input: Facially Discriminatory & unduely burdensome it is invalid unless 1) Market participant 2) furthers an important, noneconomic state interst & no reasonable nondiscrimintaory alternatives or 3) law favors government performing traditional government functions If non facially discriminatory - does it still place a burden on interstate commerce. If so, it is invalid unless the states interest outweighs the burden. Actions under the DCC can be brought by an alien or a corporation. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Dormant Commerce Clause


Input: 3rd/Quartering 5th/grand jury 7th/jury in civil 8th/excessive fines [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Bill of Rights, those not extended to states


Input: Prohibits slavery & involuntary servitude. Under enabling Clause, Congress can prohibit racially discriminatory action by ANYONE (the government or a private citizen) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: 13th amendment


Input: Only involves state action. Section 5 gives Congress power to adopt legislation to enforce the 14th. They may not expand rights or create new ones, but they may adopt legislation that is "congruent and proportional" to remdying a violation of rights. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: 14th Amendment - Due Process, Esp. Section 5


Input: Congress can use the substantial effect on interstate commerce prong to limit private racial discrimination. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Commerce Clause & racial discrimination


Input: Right to assemble, travel and petition Congress [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Rights of National Citizenship


Input: When either individuals 1) perform exclusive public functions or 2) have significant state involvment (when a state affirmatively facilitiates discrimination/enforcing a discriminatory covenant) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: When can private action constitute state action?


Input: Prohibits sates from enacting a law that retroactively impairs contract rights. If a federal issue, look at due process (5th amendment). Contract Clause doesn't apply to Feds. 1) state legistlation that substantially impairs an existing contract is invalud unless it 1) serves and important and legitimate public interest and 2) it is a reasonable and narrowly tailored means. STRICTER SCRUTINY when the state is a party. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Contract Clause


Input: A fair process (notice & hearing) is required for a gov't to take a person's life, liberty or property. Must e intentional or "shock the conscience." Balancing Test...(on another card) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Procedural Due Process (General Rule)


Input: loss of freedom of action or statutory freedom 1) Except in an emergency, before an adult can be instituionalized, there must be notice and a hearing 2) When a child is institutionalized by a parent, only a screening by a neutral fact finder 3) Harm to reputation is not loss of liberty [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Deprivation of LIberty


Input: An entitlement, where there is a reasonable expectation of continued benefit (welfare benefits) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Deprivation of Property


Input: 1) Importance of the interest to the individual 2) government's interests in efficiency/money 3) The ability of additonal procedures to increase the accuracy of fact finding. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Balancing Test for Procedural Due Process


Input: When government fees would deny a fundamental right, the fee must be waived. (marriage, divorce, filing fee for election) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Government Fees & Indigent Plaintiffs


Input: 5th amendment - The government may take private property for public use if it provides just compensation. [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: The Taking Clause, in general


Input: 1) Is there a taking? 2) Is it for public use? 3) Has just compensation been paid? [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Takings attack


Input: 1) posessory taking or 2) reulatory taking that leave no reasonalbe econoically viable use of the property [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: When a taking exists?


Input: Very broadly defined - so long as the government acts out of a reasonable belief that the taking will benefit the public [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Defining public use


Input: Measured in terms of loss to the owner. (Fair market value) [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Measuring just compensation


Input: 1) Government conditions on devleopment must be justified by a benefit that is proportionate to the burden or it is a taking. 2) a property owner may bring a takings challenge to regs that existed before they owned teh property 3) temporary deprivation is not a taking if the action is reasonable [Is a case justiciable?]

Output: Takings, Special Rules


Input: What are neutral fats?

Output: Fatty acids in form of triglycerides

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are conjugated lipids?

Output: Phosphate or sugar group added to lipid molecule; integral part of cell wall structure

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are sterols?

Output: Building blocks in cells & membranes; constituents of hormones

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are triglycerides?

Output: 3 fatty acid molecules esterified to a single glycerol molecule

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is a lipoprotein?

Output: lipid complex + specialized proteins

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is apoA1?

Output: HDL

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is apoB?

Output: LDL

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What do apolipoproteins do?

Output: aid in solubilization of lipids and in transfer of lipids from GI tract to liver

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the types of lipoproteins?

Output: Chylomicrons VLDL IDL LDL HDL

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What lipoprotein contains the most plasma cholesterol?

Output: LDL

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The least dense proteins are those that contain the most what?

Output: triglycerides

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What lipoprotein contains triglyceride in fasting plasma?

Output: VLDL

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the exogenous pathway do?

Output: Absorption of TGL & Cholesterol through the intestine

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does the endogenous pathway do?

Output: Synthesis of TGL from fatty acids by liver

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does a serum sample with uniform turbidity indicate?

Output: Increased VLDL without chylomicrons

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does a "cream" & turbid serum sample indicate?

Output: increased VLDL, increased chylomicrons

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What does a "cream" & clear serum sample indicate?

Output: increased chylomicrons, no excess VLDL

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the calculation for LDL?

Output: Total cholesterol - HDL - (Triglycerides/5)

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the goal LDL for patients with CHD/CHD risk?

Output: below 100 mg/dL

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: For patients with 0-1 risk factor, at what LDL level should drug therapy be considered?

Output: 190 mg/dL

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is lipoprotein (a)?

Output: Specialized form of LDL that is assembled extracellularly from apolipoprotein (a) and LDL; structurally similar to plasminogen

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the action of lipoprotein (a)?

Output: Interferes with fibrinolysis by competing with plasminogen binding to plasminogen receptors, fibrinogen, and fibrin

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the net effect of lipoprotein (a)?

Output: impaired plasminogen activation and plasmin generation at the thrombus surface, leading to decreased thrombolysis

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is homocysteine?

Output: an intermediary amino acid formed by the conversion of methionine to cysteine

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the histopathologic hallmarks of homocysteine-induced vascular injury?

Output: intimal thickening elastic lamina disruption smooth muscle hypertrophy marked platelet accumulation formation of platelet-enriched occlusive thrombi

Unit3 Lipid Panel Interpretation Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Abnormal condition of the clot formation in a deep vein, usually in the leg or pelvic (hip) region. [Debridement]

Output: Deep vein thrombosis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Brief discharges of electricity applied to the chest to stop an abnormal heart rhythm. [Debridement]

Output: Defibrillation

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A persistent belief held by a person despite applied to the contrary. [Debridement]

Output: Delusion

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Loss of memory and mental abilities. [Debridement]

Output: Dementia

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pertaining to the skin. [Debridement]

Output: Dermal

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of the skin. [Debridement]

Output: Dermatitis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Physician specializing in the skin and its diseases. [Debridement]

Output: Dermatologist

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Study of the skin and its diseases. [Debridement]

Output: Dermatology

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any abnormal condition of the skin. [Debridement]

Output: Dermatosis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Fibrous middle layer of the skin below the epidermis. The dermis contains nerves and blood vessels, hair roots, and oil and sweat glands; the CORIUM. [Debridement]

Output: Dermis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Disorder marked by the deficient insulin in the blood, which causes sugar to remain in the blood rather that entering cells. Diabetes is names from a greek word meaning “siphon” (though which water passes easily). One symptom is frequent urination (polyuria). Type 1 diabetes is marked by lack of insulin, and patients need injections of insulin. In type 2 diabetes, insulin is not adequately or appropriately secreted. Type 2 diabetes has a tendency to develop later in life, and patients can be managed with diet, exercise, and oral antidiabetic drugs. [Debridement]

Output: Diabetes mellitus

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Complete knowledge of patient’s condition (plural: diagnoses). [Debridement]

Output: Diagnosis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Complete separation (-LYSIS) of wastes (urea) from the blood when the kidneys fail. See also HEMODIALYSIS and PERTINEAL DIALYSIS. [Debridement]

Output: Dialysis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Widening, dilatation. [Debridement]

Output: Dilation

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Widening of the opening to the cervix and scraping (curettage) of the inner lining of the uterus; abbreviated D&C. [Debridement]

Output: Dilation and curettage

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pad of cartilage that is between each backbone. [Debridement]

Output: Disk

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Drug that causes kidneys to allow more fluid (as urine) to leave the body. Diuretics remove fluid from the blood and are used to treat HYPERTENSION. DI- (from DIA-) means complete, and UR- means urine. [Debridement]

Output: Diuretic

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Small pouches or sacs created by herniation of mucous membrane linings, most commonly in the colon (singular: diverticulum). [Debridement]

Output: Diverticula

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of diverticula. Penetration of fecal material through thin-walled diverticula causes inflammation and infection in the colon. [Debridement]

Output: Diverticulitis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Abnormal condition of small pouches in the lining of the intestines. [Debridement]

Output: Diverticulosis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pertaining to the duodenum. [Debridement]

Output: Duodenal

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Condition of painful intestines (often caused by bacterial infection). [Debridement]

Output: Dysentery

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Painful menstrual flow. [Debridement]

Output: Dysmenorrhea

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Painful (DYS-) digestion (-PEPSIA). [Debridement]

Output: Dyspepsia

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Difficult swallowing. [Debridement]

Output: Dysphasia

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Abnormality of the development or the formation of cells. Normal cells change in size, shape, and organization. [Debridement]

Output: Dysplasia

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Painful (DYS-) (labored, difficult) breathing (-PNEA). [Debridement]

Output: Dyspnea

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Painful of difficult urination. [Debridement]

Output: Dysuria

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Organ that receives sound waves and transmits them to nerves leading to the brain. [Debridement]

Output: Ear

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Membrane separating he outer and middle parts of the ear; the tympanic membrane. [Debridement]

Output: Eardrum

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Development of the zygote (early product of conception) in a place outside the uterus. The fallopian tubes are the most common ectopic site. [Debridement]

Output: Ectopic pregnancy

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Swelling in tissues. Edema is often caused by retention (holding back) of fluid and salts by the kidneys. [Debridement]

Output: Edema

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Release of semen from the male urethra. [Debridement]

Output: Ejaculation

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Record of the electricity in the heart. [Debridement]

Output: Electrocardiogram

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Record of the electricity in the brain. [Debridement]

Output: Electroencephalogram

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Process of recording the electricity in the brain. [Debridement]

Output: Electroencephalography

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Substance that conduct an electrical current and is found in blood (serum) and body cells. Examples are sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca+), and chloride (Cl-). [Debridement]

Output: Electrolyte

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Use of a substance to block or reduce blood flow in a vessel. [Debridement]

Output: Embolization

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Foreign object (air, tissue, tumor, or clot) that circulates in the bloodstream until it lodges in a vessel. [Debridement]

Output: Embolus

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A new organism in an early stage of development (2 to 6 weeks). From 6 to 38 weeks, the developing infant is a fetus. [Debridement]

Output: Embryo

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Care of patients requiring immediate action. [Debridement]

Output: Emergency medicine

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lung disorder in which air becomes trapped in the air sacs and bronchioles, making breathing difficult. Emphysema is marked by the accumulation of mucus and the loss of elasticity in lung tissue. [Debridement]

Output: Emphysema

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of the brain. [Debridement]

Output: Encephalitis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Disease of the brain. [Debridement]

Output: Encephalopathy

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium). [Debridement]

Output: Endocarditis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Organs that produce (secrete) hormones. [Debridement]

Output: Endocrine glands

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Endocrine glands. Examples are the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands and the pancreas. [Debridement]

Output: Endocrine system

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Specialist in the study of endocrine glands and their disorders. [Debridement]

Output: Endocrinologist

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Study of ENDOCRINE GLANDS. [Debridement]

Output: Endocrinology

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dentist who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of the inner parts of a tooth (root canal therapy). [Debridement]

Output: Endodontist

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An abnormal condition in which tissue from the inner lining of the uterus is found outside the uterus, usually in the pelvic cavity. [Debridement]

Output: Endometriosis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inner lining of the uterus. [Debridement]

Output: Endometrium

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Instrument used to view a hollow organ or body cavity; a tube fitted with a lens system that allows viewing in different directions. [Debridement]

Output: Endoscope

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: X-ray images of bile ducts and pancreas after injection of contrast through a catheter from the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into bile and pancreatic ducts. [Debridement]

Output: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Process of viewing the inside of hollow organs or cavities with an endoscope. [Debridement]

Output: Endoscopy

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pertaining to the small intestines. [Debridement]

Output: Enteric

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Outer (EPI-) layer of skin (-DERMIS). [Debridement]

Output: Epidermis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mass of blood above the dura mater (outermost layer of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). [Debridement]

Output: Epidural hematoma

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Flap of cartilage that covers the mouth of the trachea when swallowing occurs so that food cannot enter the airway. [Debridement]

Output: Epiglottis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of the EPIGLOTTIS. [Debridement]

Output: Epiglottitis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress and physical injury. It is a drug used to treat hypersensitivity reactions (sever allergy), asthma, bronchial spasm, and nasal congestion. Also called ADRENALINE. [Debridement]

Output: Epinephrine

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pertaining to skin cells. This term originally described cells upon (EPI-) the breast nipple (THELI-). Now, it indicates cells lining the inner part of internal organs and covering the outside of the body. [Debridement]

Output: Epithelial

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Covering of the internal and external tissues of the body (skin, vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs). [Debridement]

Output: Epithelium

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Red blood cell. [Debridement]

Output: Erythrocyte

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An antibiotic that is produced from a red (ERYTHR/O-) mold (-MYCIN). [Debridement]

Output: Erythromycin

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pertaining to the esophagus. [Debridement]

Output: Esophageal

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of the esophagus. [Debridement]

Output: Esophagitis

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Visual examination of the esophagus. [Debridement]

Output: Esophagoscopy

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tube leading from the throat to the stomach. [Debridement]

Output: Esophagus

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hormone that promotes the development of female secondary sex characteristics. Examples are estradiol, and conjugates estrogen. [Debridement]

Output: Estrogen

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Channel connecting the middle part of the ear with the throat. [Debridement]

Output: Eustachian tube

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Increase in the seriousness of a disease, with greater intensity in the signs or symptoms. [Debridement]

Output: Exacerbation

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Act of cutting out, removing, or resecting. [Debridement]

Output: Excision

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Glands that produce (secrete) chemicals that leave the body through tubes (ducts). Examples are tear, sweat, and salivary glands. [Debridement]

Output: Exocrine glands

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Enlargement of the thyroid gland accompanied by high levels of thyroid hormone in the blood and protrusion of the eyeballs (EXOPHTHALMOS). [Debridement]

Output: Exophthalmic goiter

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Abnormal protrusion of eyeball usually caused by HYPERTHYROIDISM. [Debridement]

Output: Exophthalmos

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pertaining to the outside skull. [Debridement]

Output: Extracranial

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Pertaining to outside the liver. [Debridement]

Output: Extrahepatic

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Outside the lungs. [Debridement]

Output: Extrapulmonary

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Organ that receives light waves and transmits them to the brain. [Debridement]

Output: Eye

medterms D & E Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Spaces of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles totaling about 150 ml of the 500 ml in a quiet breath (tidal volume) [ANEURYSM]

Output: ANATOMICAL DEAD SPACE


Input: A pain the chest related to reduced coronary circulation due to cornoary artery disease (CAD) or spasms of vascular smooth muscle in coronary arteries. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Angina Pectoris


Input: Group of diseases characterized by thickening of the walls of arteries and loss of elasticity. [ANEURYSM]

Output: ARTERIOSCLEROSIS


Input: Progressive disease characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries walls [ANEURYSM]

Output: ATHEROSCLEROSIS


Input: Phase of contraction [ANEURYSM]

Output: ATRIAL SYSTOLE


Input: Phase of relaxation [ANEURYSM]

Output: ATRIAL DIASTOLE


Input: Valves between the atrials and ventricles [ANEURYSM]

Output: ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES: BICUSPID (MITRAL) TRICUSPID


Input: Cardiac cells with contract without stimulation [ANEURYSM]

Output: AUTORHYTHMICITY


Input: Neuron capable of responding to changes in blood, air, or fluid pressure [ANEURYSM]

Output: BARORECEPTOR


Input: Another part of the brain that coordinates the transition between inhalation and exhalation [ANEURYSM]

Output: Apneustic Area


Input: The greatest percentage of CO2, about 70%, is transported in blood plasma as ... [ANEURYSM]

Output: bicarbonate ions


Input: Exchange of negative ions, which maintain the electrical balance between blood plasma and RBC cytosol [ANEURYSM]

Output: chloride shift


Input: Enzyme in blood that catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3) from water and carbon dioxide (CO2) [ANEURYSM]

Output: Carbonic Anhydrase


Input: Sensory receptor that detects the presence of a specific chemical. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Chemoreceptor


Input: The difference between a person's maximum cardiac output and cardiac output at rest. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Cardiac reserve


Input: Most of the deoxygenated blood from the myocardium drains into a large vascular sinus in the coronary sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart. A wide venous channel on the posterior surface of the heart that collects the blood from the coronary circulation and returns it to the right atrium. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Coronary sinus


Input: Dome shaped skeletal muscle between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Diaphragm


Input: A blood clot, bubble of air or fat from broken bones, mass of bacteria, or other debris or foreign material transported by the blood. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Embolus


Input: ventricles contain 130 ml of blood volume at end of relaxation period. [ANEURYSM]

Output: End Diastolic Volume


Input: Blood volume that is left after systole, about 60 ml. [ANEURYSM]

Output: End Systolic Volume


Input: The layer of the heart wall, composed of endothelium and smooth muscle, that lines the inside of the heart and covers the valves and tendons that hold the valves open. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Endocardium


Input: The 11 pairs of muscles involved in breathing that occupy the superficial layer. They elevate the ribs during inhalation to help expand the thoracic cavity. [ANEURYSM]

Output: External intercoastal muscles


Input: The 11 pairs of muscles involved in breathing that occupy the intermediate layer of the intercoastal spaces. The draw adjacent ribs together during forced exhalation to help decrease the size of the thoracic cavity. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Internal intercoastal muscles


Input: After SL valves close, there is a brief interval when ventricular blood volume does not change because all four valves are closed. [ANEURYSM]

Output: isovolumetric relaxation


Input: Both the SL and AV valves are closed. [ANEURYSM]

Output: isovolumetric contraction


Input: -The degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. [ANEURYSM]

Output: preload


Input: -The outermost covering of the blood vessels, consists of elastic & collagen fibers. [ANEURYSM]

Output: tunica externa


Input: -is a muscular & connective tissue layer that displays the greatest variation among the differant vessel types. [ANEURYSM]

Output: tunica media


Input: -forms the inner lining of blood vessels & is indirect contact w/the blood as it flows through the lumen. [ANEURYSM]

Output: tunica interna


Input: -the circulatory system of fetus, exist only in the fetus, the lungs, kidneys & GI do not function until after birth. [ANEURYSM]

Output: fetus-circulation


Input: -the combination of aortic & pul.valve. [ANEURYSM]

Output: semilunar valve


Input: -is the passageway for the blood from the right Atrium into the R-ventricle. [ANEURYSM]

Output: tricuspid valve


Input: -always take blood away from the heart [ANEURYSM]

Output: arteries


Input: -always return blood to the heart. [ANEURYSM]

Output: veins


Input: -is a prominant feature of interstial septum, also know as oval depression. [ANEURYSM]

Output: fossa ovale


Input: -an in the interstial septum of the fetal heart that closes after birth. [ANEURYSM]

Output: foramen ovale


Input: -is a series of ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle. [ANEURYSM]

Output: trabeculae carnea


Input: muscle involved with inhalation [ANEURYSM]

Output: External Intercostals


Input: muscle involved with exhalation [ANEURYSM]

Output: Internal Intercostals


Input: A part of the respiratory center in the pons that continually sends inhibitory nerve impulses to the inspiratory area, limiting inhalation and facilitating exhalation. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Pneumotaxic Center


Input: A receptor located in muscles, tendons, joints, or the internal ear that provides information about body position and movements [ANEURYSM]

Output: Proprioceptor


Input: a valve between the aorta or the pulmonary trunk and a ventricle of the heart. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Semilunar valves


Input: Failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen and nutrients to meet the metabolic needs of the body due to inadequate cardiac output. [ANEURYSM]

Output: shock


Input: A stationary clot formed in an unbroken blood vessel, usually a vein [ANEURYSM]

Output: Thrombus


Input: air in the pleural cavities [ANEURYSM]

Output: Pneumothorax


Input: the pressure of a specific gas in a mixture [ANEURYSM]

Output: partial pressure of a gas


Input: the area in the lungs where gas exchange should take place but does not. Ex. emphysema where alveoli space has been lost. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Physiological Dead Space


Input: the total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute [ANEURYSM]

Output: minute respiratory volume


Input: a vessel that arises from an arteriole and supplies a network of capillaries [ANEURYSM]

Output: Metarteriole


Input: atrioventricular valve of right side of heart [ANEURYSM]

Output: Tricuspid Valve


Input: Blood backs up into the lungs; failure of valves to open [ANEURYSM]

Output: Mitral Stenosis


Input: Blood flows back into the left atrium [ANEURYSM]

Output: Mitral Prolapse


Input: Has three tunics; larger lumens; and have valves; contain the lowest pressure; carries blood towards the heart; [ANEURYSM]

Output: Veins


Input: Has three tunics; mostly smooth muscle; small lumen; contains the highest pressure; carries blood away from the heart; thick tunica media [ANEURYSM]

Output: Arteries


Input: regulate blood flow from artery into the capillary; has greater pressure than capillaries. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Arterioles


Input: Where is the cross sectional area the greatest? [ANEURYSM]

Output: Capillary bed


Input: Venules pressure is <,>,= Arterioles pressure [ANEURYSM]

Output: less than


Input: low oxygen [ANEURYSM]

Output: hypoxia


Input: high carbon dioxide [ANEURYSM]

Output: hypercapnia


Input: Hormone sequence [ANEURYSM]

Output: BV decreases or blood flow to kidneys decreases; kidneys release RENIN; Renin CONVERTS angiotensiongen into Angiotension-1; ACE-Angiotension Converting Enzyme in the lungs convert Angio-1 to Angiotensin II which increases BP; Vasoconstriction of Arterioles; Secretion of Aldosterone from Adrenal Cortex; Increases re-absorption of sodium (active transport) and water (osmosis) by kidneys; therefore increasing blood volume and BP.


Input: Adrenal medulla hormones; increase rate and force of contractions; vasoconstricts arterioles in skin and abdominal organs; vasodilates arteriles of cardiac and skeletal muscles [ANEURYSM]

Output: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine


Input: causes vasoconstriction; increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys; inserts water channels Aquaporin II-water can follow Na [ANEURYSM]

Output: ADH


Input: short term mechanisms for regulating blood pressure include regulating what three things? [ANEURYSM]

Output: vessel diameter; heart rate; heart contractility


Input: Two major arterial baroreceptors are located where? [ANEURYSM]

Output: carotid sinus; arch of aorta


Input: What is the effect of BP on the impulses sent to the brain, the effect on the PNS and SNS nervous systems and the resulting change in BP [ANEURYSM]

Output: I-BP-> I-IMPULSES-> I=PNS AND D SNS-> D BP


Input: As a result of these changes in PNS AND SNS, list the effects on the heart and blood vessels [ANEURYSM]

Output: Heart: Decrease in HR/contractility Decrease in CO Decrease in SV Blood vessels: Increase in arteriolar diameter Decrease in resistance Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle


Input: Show the effect of decreasing BP [ANEURYSM]

Output: Decrease impulses Decrease PNS Increase SNS Increase BP


Input: What enzyme is released as a result of low blood pressure? [ANEURYSM]

Output: Renin


Input: Two effects of Angiotension II [ANEURYSM]

Output: Vasoconstrictor Goes to adrenal glands to release aldosterone


Input: How does aldosterone increase blood volume [ANEURYSM]

Output: increase reabsorption of Na and water by kidneys


Input: The main effect of aldosterone is.... [ANEURYSM]

Output: opens up channels in collecting duct to allow Na to leave; increases reabsorption of Na and water from kidney tubules


Input: smallest of the blood vessels; thin tunica media; site of exchange of nutrients [ANEURYSM]

Output: capillaries


Input: Pressure of a gas in a closed container is INVERSELY proportional to the volume. Vol of container (inc., dec.,)then pressure ...... [ANEURYSM]

Output: Boyle's Law Volume of container increases, pressure decreases. Volume of container decreases, pressure increases


Input: During Tidal Volume, normal exhalation uses what muscles? [ANEURYSM]

Output: It is a passive process so no muscles contractions.


Input: The muscles involved in inhalation [ANEURYSM]

Output: Diaphragm and External Intercostals


Input: Histamine will .......... bronchioles........resistance........airflow....arterioles [ANEURYSM]

Output: constrict increase decrease dilate


Input: Epinephrine will ....... bronchioles.......resistance.......airflow during exercise.....arterioles [ANEURYSM]

Output: dilate decrease increase constrict


Input: acetylcholine will ..... bronchioles.......resistance......airflow [ANEURYSM]

Output: constrict increase decrease


Input: The p exerted by each gas in a mixture, with no relation to any other p [ANEURYSM]

Output: partial pressure


Input: carbon dioxide is transported by [ANEURYSM]

Output: dissolving; bicarbonate ion; bound to hemoglobin


Input: What moves in to keep electrical gradient? [ANEURYSM]

Output: Cl- Chloride Shift


Input: site in brain stem that coordinates the transition between inhalation and exhalation. Inhibits inspiration. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Pneumotaxic Area


Input: part of brain stem that coordinates the transition between inhalation and exhalation. In the lower pons, this area sends stimulatory impulses to the aspiratory area that activates it and prolongs inhalation. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Apneustic Area


Input: A tricuspid insufficiency allows blood to flow back into the [ANEURYSM]

Output: right atrium


Input: the amount of venous return is termed [ANEURYSM]

Output: preload


Input: the maximum amount of air exhaled after a normal expiration is [ANEURYSM]

Output: ERV


Input: The amount of air left in the lungs after a forced exhalation is [ANEURYSM]

Output: residual volume


Input: after hyperventilating, indicate what happens to these factors; pH, CO2; O2; ACIDITY [ANEURYSM]

Output: increase decrease increase increase


Input: the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume [ANEURYSM]

Output: inspiratory capacity TV + IRV=IC


Input: Breathing in; the air pressure in the lungs is equal to the air pressure of the atmosphere at sea level. [ANEURYSM]

Output: Inspiration (Inhalation)


Input: pigment that gives blood its red color; carries oxygen and carbon dioxide [ANEURYSM]

Output: hemoglobin


Input: sum of residual volume and expiratory reserve volume [ANEURYSM]

Output: RV+ERV=FRV(Functional Residual Volume)


Input: Breathing out; the pressure in the lungs is greater than atmosphere [ANEURYSM]

Output: Expiration (Exhalation)


Input: emphysema or chronic bronchitis; is increased air way resistance due to obstruction or collapse of air ways [ANEURYSM]

Output: COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease


Input: when CO2 enters the blood it is transformed into ..... by carbonic anhydrase [ANEURYSM]

Output: carbonic acid


Input: collapse of part of lung [ANEURYSM]

Output: Atelectasis


Input: the amount of air inhaled [ANEURYSM]

Output: Inspiratory Reserve Volume IRV


Input: oxygen and hemoglobin bound together [ANEURYSM]

Output: Oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)


Input: air that is left inside the lungs [ANEURYSM]

Output: residual volume RV


Input: increases secretion of angiotensin 2 and aldosterone, which increases blood volume; increasing blood pressure [ANEURYSM]

Output: Renin


Input: Three areas: 1; the medullary rhythmicity area in the medulla oblongata 2; the pneumotaxic area in the pons 3; the apneustic area, also in pons [ANEURYSM]

Output: Respiratory Center


Input: the volume of one breath [ANEURYSM]

Output: Tidal Volume


Input: the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume [ANEURYSM]

Output: Vital Capacity=IRV+ERV+TV


Input: blood left after ventricle empty [ANEURYSM]

Output: Ventricle systole


Input: blood left after ventricle fill [ANEURYSM]

Output: Ventricular Diastole


Input: areas in the brain that regulate breathing, heart rate, and vasoconstriction [ANEURYSM]

Output: Vital centers


Input: carries venous blood from gastrointestinal organs and spleen to liver [ANEURYSM]

Output: Hepatic Circulation


Input: pressure between two pleural layers and cavity is always lower than atmospheric pressure [ANEURYSM]

Output: Negative Intrathoracic Pressure


Input: medullary respiratory area; establishes the basic rhythm in breathing [ANEURYSM]

Output: Inspiratory Center


Input: [2] standard that nonmarital intercourse is wrong or inadvisable for both women and men regardless of the circumstances [1]

Output: abstinence


Input: [2] does not experience sexual desire. sexual orientation. [1]

Output: asexual


Input: [2] does not experience sexual desire [1]

Output: asexuality


Input: [2] people who are sexually attracted to both males and females [1]

Output: bisexual


Input: [2] marital infedelity or adultery on the Internet [1]

Output: cyberadultery


Input: [2] standard according to which nonmarital sex or multiple partners are more acceptable for males than for females [1]

Output: double standard


Input: [2] display of certain emotions that one believes is expected in a given situation, regardless of whether one feels those emotions [1]

Output: emotion labor


Input: [2] view of human sexuality where sexuality is basic to the humanness of both women and men, all individuals are free to express their sexual selves without one-sided sense of ownership [1]

Output: expressive sexuality


Input: [2] sexual activity between friends/acquaintances with no expectation of romance/emotional attachment [1]

Output: friends with benefits


Input: [2] person whose sexual orientation is to people of the same sex. mostly males, but both sexes can be "gay" [1]

Output: gay


Input: [2] acronym for gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered. discussing sexual minorities [1]

Output: GLBT


Input: [2] decreased interest in sex over time that results from increased accessibility of a sexual partner & predictability of their sexual behavior [1]

Output: habituation


Input: [2] decline in sexual frequences over a marriages results from habituation [1]

Output: habituation hypothesis


Input: [2] system of beliefs, values, and customs that places superior value on heterosexual behavior and denies/stigmatizes nonheterosexual relations [1]

Output: heterosexism


Input: [2] people who prefer sexual partners of the opposite sex [1]

Output: heterosexuals


Input: [2] HIV is human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS, which is a sexually transmitted disease involving breakdown of the immune system defense against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other diseases [1]

Output: HIV/AIDS


Input: [2] fear, dread, aversion to and often hatred of homosexuals [1]

Output: homophobia


Input: [2] people who are sexually attracted to people of the same sex. [1]

Output: homosexuals


Input: [2] sexual encounter between young people with the understanding there is no obligation to see each other again or have emotional meaning [1]

Output: hooking up


Input: [2] perspective that holds sexul activities and relationships are shaped by the sexual scripts available in a culture [1]

Output: interactionist perspective on human sexuality


Input: [2] view of sexual relations, from exchange theory, that sees sexual satisfaction as shaped by the costs, rewards, and expectations of a relationship and the alternatives to it [1]

Output: interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction


Input: [2] woman sexually attracted to another woman [1]

Output: lesbian


Input: [2] view of human sexuality where men own everything in the society, including women and women's sexuality. males sexual needs are emphasized [1]

Output: patriarchal sexuality


Input: [2] standard that permits nonmarital sex for women and men equally, provided they have a fairly stable3, affectionate relationship [1]

Output: permissiveness with affection


Input: [2] standard that allows nonmarital sex for men and women regardless of how much stability/affection exists in their relationship [1]

Output: permissiveness without affection


Input: [2] idea that sexual expression between intimates is one way of expressing and strengthening the emotional bond between them [1]

Output: pleasure bond


Input: [2] using cell phones to send sexually explicit images or messages to others [1]

Output: sexting


Input: [2] attraction an individual has for a sexual partner of the same or opposite sex [1]

Output: sexual orientation


Input: [2] assumption by each partner of responsibility for his or her own sexual response [1]

Output: sexual responsibility


Input: [2] culturally written pattens/plots for human behavior. offer reasons for having sex and designate who should take the sexual initiative, how long an encounter should last, what positions are acceptable, etc. [1]

Output: sexual scripts


Input: [2] unions in which parents choose their children's marriage partners [1]

Output: arranged marriage


Input: [2] social psychological filtering process in which individuals gradually filter out those among their pool of eligible individuals they believe would not make the best spouse [1]

Output: assortative mating


Input: [2] (to intimacy) determination to develop relationships where experiences cover many areas of personality, problems are worked through, conflict is expected and seen as normal part of growth, & expectation that relationships is viable and worthwhile [1]

Output: commitment


Input: [2] short-term decision that one loves someone and the long-term commitment to maintain that love; one dimension of traingular theory of love [1]

Output: commitment - sternberg's triangular theory of love


Input: [2] complete love, in terms of Sternberg's triangular theory of love, where the components of passion, intimacy, and commitment come together [1]

Output: consummate love


Input: [2] marriages in which spouses are from different countries [1]

Output: cross-national marriages


Input: [2] forced/unwanted sexual contact between people who are on a date [1]

Output: date rape


Input: [2] marrying within one's own social group [1]

Output: endogamy


Input: [2] marrying a partner from outside one's own social group [1]

Output: exogamy


Input: [2] idea that the independent variable in a hypothesis is responsibile for changes to a dependent variable. regardto marriage, the experience hypothesis holds that something about the experience of being married itself causes certain results for spouses [1]

Output: experience hypothesis


Input: [2] culture/society where individuals choose their own marriage partners, a choice usually based at least somewhat on romance [1]

Output: free-choice culture


Input: [2] traditionally known in marriage/family as propinquity/proximity and referring to the fact people tend to meet potential mates who are present in their regional environment [1]

Output: geographic availability


Input: [2] marriage between partners who differ in race, age, education, religious background or social class [1]

Output: heterogamy


Input: [2] marriage between partners of similar race, age, education, religious background and social class [1]

Output: homogramy


Input: [2] marriages between spouses who are not defined as of different races but do belong to different ethnic groups [1]

Output: interethnic marriages


Input: [2] tendency for children of divorced parents to have a greater propensity to divorce than children from intact families [1]

Output: intergenerational transmission of divorce risk


Input: [2] marriages of a partner of one (socially defined) race to someone of a different race [1]

Output: interracial marriages


Input: [2] committing oneself to a particular other and honoring that commitment in spite of some personal sacrifices while sharing one's inner self with the other. intimacy requires interdependence [1]

Output: intimacy (sternberg's triangular theory of love)


Input: [2] seeking to control the feelings, attitudes, and behavior of one's partner or partners in underhanded ways rather than by assertively stating one's case [1]

Output: manipulating


Input: [2] quality or situation of remaining married [1]

Output: marital stability


Input: [2] sociological concept that potential mates take stock of their personal and social characteristics and then comparison shop/bargain for the best buy they can get (mate) [1]

Output: marriage market


Input: [2] doing all one can for others while ignoring one's own legitimate needs. martyrs often punish person they are martyring by letting the person know "how much they put up with" [1]

Output: martyring


Input: [2] idea that children of divorce may be likely to select spouses who are unlikely to make good marriage partners [1]

Output: mate selection risk


Input: [2] the drives that lead to romance, physical attraction, sexual consummation, and so on in a loving relationship, one dimension of the theory of love [1]

Output: passion (sternberg's)


Input: [2] group of individuals who, by virtue of background or social status, are most likely to be considered eligible to make culturally compatible marriage partners [1]

Output: pool of eligibles


Input: [2] beliefs about rape that function to blame the victim and exonerate the rapist [1]

Output: rape myths


Input: [2] many of the benefits associated with marriage (higher income/wealth/health) are not necessarily due to the fact of being married but to the personal characteristics of those who choose marriage. many characteristics associated with cohabiting are not results of the practice itself but from the personal characteristics of those who choose to cohabit [1]

Output: selection hypothesis


Input: [2] gradually sharing intimate information about oneself [1]

Output: self-revelation


Input: [2] regarding interracial/interethnic marriage, argument that an individual might trade his or her socially defined superior racial/ethnic status for the economically or educally superior status of a partner in a less-privileged racial/ethnic group [1]

Output: status exchange hypothesis


Input: [2] theory that consummate love involves three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment [1]

Output: sternberg's triangular theory of love


Input: [2] idea where love is seen as developing through a four-stage, circular process, including rapport, self-revelation, mutual dependence, and personality need fulfillment [1]

Output: wheel of love


Input: Intuition Results in a “good” or “bad” feeling Faster: automatic and effortless Associated with somatic (body) states (e.g., sweating) [Two systems in brain]

Output: 4 things of emotional system of brain

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Involves amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex [Two systems in brain]

Output: Two parts of brain that emotional system covers

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Effortful Reasoning and Cognitive Control Utilitarian (considers costs vs. benefits) Slower: uses attention and working memory Resolves conflict when reason and emotion don’t agree Suppress inappropriate or unwanted automatic behavior [Two systems in brain]

Output: Cognitive system in brain

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Involves lateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex [Two systems in brain]

Output: Two parts of brain for cognitive system

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ventromedial prefrontal damage [Two systems in brain]

Output: Head injuries cause

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Patients with ventromedial damage fail to show anticipatory sweating when contemplating a decision with negative consequences [Two systems in brain]

Output: In the lab...

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Role in emotional learning and responses, especially to aversive stimuli (fear) Role in perception of fearful facial expressions Lack of a fear response through conditioning or explicit learning Difficulty with Fearful Facial Expressions [Two systems in brain]

Output: Two roles of amygdala

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Detecting conflict between automatic and effortful processes Overcoming conflict Suppressing Inappropriate/automatic Behavior [Two systems in brain]

Output: Responsibilities of cog system

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Anterior cingulate cortex and lateral PFC activity when there is high response conflict and errors` [Two systems in brain]

Output: Evidence of cog system

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Experiment 1 Results Personal vs. impersonal: Activation of ventromedial PFC and amygdala (emotion) areas during personal moral dilemmas. People treat these dilemmas differently because the personal dilemma evokes an emotional response. [Two systems in brain]

Output: Greene test results

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Personal: Pushing the big guy over the bridge to stop the train Impersonal: Hitting the switch so the train hits the man [Two systems in brain]

Output: Personal and impersonal

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Psychopaths lack a healthy emotional system that would normally make it aversive to harm others [Two systems in brain]

Output: Theory of psychopaths

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: fMRI response of Psychopaths in Moral Dilemma task Reduced amygdala activity in psychopaths, correlated with psychopathy score Glenn, Raine, & Schug, 2009 [Two systems in brain]

Output: Results of psychopath tests

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How many articles are in the Code of Conduct?

Output: 6

BMR CH. 2 2012 HSC-21 Flashcards - Cram.com

a. U.S. Navy Regulations b. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy c. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)


Input: When military police are from different armed forces and combined to form one unit, they are known as....

Output: Armed Forces Police Detachment (AFPD)

BMR CH. 2 2012 HSC-21 Flashcards - Cram.com

a. U.S. Navy Regulations b. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy c. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)


Input: The purpose of discipline in the military is to....

Output: Bring about an efficient military organization

BMR CH. 2 2012 HSC-21 Flashcards - Cram.com

a. U.S. Navy Regulations b. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy c. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)


Input: What theory of punishment is used by the Navy?

Output: Detterent

BMR CH. 2 2012 HSC-21 Flashcards - Cram.com

a. U.S. Navy Regulations b. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy c. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)


Input: Chapter 10 of the Navy Regs deals with...

Output: Responisbility and authority while carrying out orders

BMR CH. 2 2012 HSC-21 Flashcards - Cram.com

a. U.S. Navy Regulations b. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy c. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)


Input: Chapter 11 of the Navy Regs deals with...

Output: Your rights and responsibilities

BMR CH. 2 2012 HSC-21 Flashcards - Cram.com

a. U.S. Navy Regulations b. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy c. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)


Input: Secretary of the Navy issues and the President approves.....

Output: new Navy Regs and changes to Navy Regs

BMR CH. 2 2012 HSC-21 Flashcards - Cram.com

a. U.S. Navy Regulations b. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy c. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)


Input: The instructions found in the OPNAVINST 3120.32 provide guidance and regulations for.....

Output: the duties and responsibilities for all personnel within a unit or organization

BMR CH. 2 2012 HSC-21 Flashcards - Cram.com

a. U.S. Navy Regulations b. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy c. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)


Input: TheUCMJwas signed into law on....

Output: 13 May 1951

BMR CH. 2 2012 HSC-21 Flashcards - Cram.com

a. U.S. Navy Regulations b. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy c. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)


Input: The three types of courts-martial are.....

Output: Summary, special, and general

BMR CH. 2 2012 HSC-21 Flashcards - Cram.com

a. U.S. Navy Regulations b. Standard Organization and Regulations of the U.S. Navy c. Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)


Input: [2] Back Vowel [1]

Output: A vowel produced with the tongue positioned toward the back of the mouth.


Input: [2] Central Vowel [1]

Output: A vowel produced with the tongue positioned in the center of the mouth; for example, the first vowel in upon.


Input: [2] Corner or point vowel [1]

Output: A vowel located at any one of the four points of the vowel quadrilateral


Input: [2] Derhotaciazation [1]

Output: Partial loss of r coloring from a normally rhotacized vowel


Input: [2] Dipthong [1]

Output: a vowel-like sound that serves as a syllable nucleus and involves a gradual transition from one vowel articulation (onglide) to another (offglide)


Input: [2] Diphthongization [1]

Output: Alteration of a pure vowel (or monophthong) to a dynamic articulation of changing vowel quality.


Input: [2] Front vowel [1]

Output: A vowel produced with the tongue positioned near the front of the mouth.


Input: [2] High Vowel [1]

Output: A vowel produced with the tongue in a high (superior) position


Input: [2] Lax or short vowel [1]

Output: A vowel that is relatively short in duration as is assumed to be produced with a relatively relaxed vocal tract musculature.


Input: [2] Low vowel [1]

Output: A vowel produced with the tongue in a low (inferior) position


Input: [2] Monophthong [1]

Output: a pure vowel; that is, a vowel of essentially unchanging phonetic quality throughout its duration


Input: [2] Monophthongization [1]

Output: Alteration of a diphthong to a pure vowel; that is, loss of the dynamic phonetic quality of a dipthong


Input: [2] nasalized vowel [1]

Output: A vowel produced with nasal resonances, usually because of an open velopharnyx


Input: [2] offglide [1]

Output: the terminal vowel or vocal tracct shape of a diphthong


Input: [2] the initial vowel or vocal tract shape of a diphthong [1]

Output: onglide


Input: a single supplier of a product for which there are no close substitutes [What is a monopoly]

Output: Monopoly firm (monopolist)


Input: anything that mipedes the ability of firms to begin a new business in an industry in which existing firms are earning positive economic profits [What is a monopoly]

Output: barrier to entry


Input: 1. Natural barriers, such as economies of scale 2. Actions on the part of firms that create barriers to entry 3. Governmentally created barriers [What is a monopoly]

Output: Three general classes of barriers to entry


Input: charging different customers at different prices for the same product [What is a monopoly]

Output: price discrimination


Input: 1. The firm cannot be a price taker (PERFECT COMPETITIOR) 2. The firm must be able to separate customers according to price elasticities of demand 3. The firm must be able to prevent resale of the product [What is a monopoly]

Output: Necessary Conditions for Price Discrimination


Input: the reduction of consumer surplus without a corresponding increase in profit when a perfectly competitive firm is monopolized [What is a monopoly]

Output: Deadweight loss


Input: [Phosphorus] in the duodenum and jejunum

Output: Where does absorption of phosphorus occur?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] Phosphates

Output: What form of phosphorus are people getting when they consume large amounts of animal product?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] the form and the pH

Output: What factors influence the bioavailability of phosphorus?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] inorganic

Output: Are most phosphates absorbed in their organic or inorganic form?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] bone

Output: Where is the major store of phosphorus in the body?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D anc calcitronin

Output: What controls phosphorus concentration?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] true

Output: T/F PTH influences phosphorus in similar ways to how it affects calcium

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus into the bone (opposite effect of PTH)

Output: What is the effect of calcitonin on phosphorus?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] calcium magnesium iron aluminium

Output: what factors inhibit phosphorus absorption?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] 1,25-dihydroxylvitamin D acidity

Output: what are some factors enhancing phosphorus absorption?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] 80-85% found in the bones and teeth, 15-20% found in the soft tissue including muscle, brain, and blood as phosphate ions

Output: Where is phosphorus distributed and stored in the body?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] the kidneys are the primary route of excretion

Output: How is phosphorus excreted?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate salt) phospholipids nucleic acid ATP acid-bas buffer

Output: What are the primary functions of phosphorus?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] Hypophosphataemia

Output: What is the clinical deficiency of phosphorus?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] hospitalisation malabsorption alcoholism respiratory alkalosis

Output: What are common causes of hypophosphataemia?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] rhabdomyolysis haemolysis respiratory failure impaired myocardial performance

Output: What are some possible effects of hypophosphataemia?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] chicken, fish, eggs, milk products (60%) legumes and grains (20%)

Output: What are some nutritional sources of phosphorus

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] Cu2

Output: which form of copper is most often found in biological systems?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] Copper Sulphate Copper Nitrate

Output: What are the two forms of copper that are readily absorbed?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] fibre phytates amino acids vit C Zinc Iron

Output: What are some factors that inhibit the absorption of copper?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] low dietary intake

Output: What are some factors that enhance the absorption of copper?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] after intestinal absorption, it is transported to hepatocytes where it is incorporates into copper-containing enzymes

Output: How is copper transported in the body?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] In a protein called metallothionein, in the liver

Output: Where is copper stored in the body?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] bones, kidneys, heart, muscles, liver, brain, and blood

Output: Where is copper found in the body?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] via the bile

Output: How is copper excreted?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] critical functional component of essential enzymes known as cuproenzymes, thus: energy production connective tissue formation iron metabolism CNS functions Melanin formation

Output: What are the main functions of copper?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] Superoxide dismutase (breaks down superoxide free radical)

Output: What is SOD?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] converts dopamine to noradrenaline

Output: What is the function of Dopamine hydroxylase

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] for melanin formation

Output: What is the function of Tyrosine?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] organ meats shellfish nuts seeds

Output: What are the richest food sources of copper?

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: [Phosphorus] Metallothionein Albumin Blood clotting factor IV

Output: List the copper binding proteins

Nutrition 2C- Lesson 4a & b Flashcards - Cram.com

Is phosphorus, or calcium more rapidly absorbed?


Input: -out of field theory -tendency to remember uncompleted tasks better than completed ones -related to state of tension and disequilibrium but varies with amount of ego involvement in task [Field Theory]

Output: Zeigarnik effect


Input: -choose between two equally positive goal objects -ambivalence first then as move toward one the other becomes less attractive [Field Theory]

Output: Approach-Approach conflict


Input: -choose between two negatively valenced alternatives -if can "leave the field" and move away from both then resolution, or avoid choice -vacillate first then find an equilibrium to push equally away from both [Field Theory]

Output: Avoidance-Avoidance conflict


Input: -drawn to and repelled by same situation -reaches stable equilibrum [Field Theory]

Output: Approach-Avoidance


Input: -equilibrum first (halfway between approach and avoidance goals) -as approach goals, intensity of each increases -eventually avoidance response becomes stronger (avoidance gradient is steeper) [Field Theory]

Output: Miller's work on Approach-Avoidance


Input: when internal cues are difficult to interpret, we infer our thoughts/feelings from our behavior & situation [Field Theory]

Output: Bem's Self Perception Theory


Input: -supports self perception theory -those unaware of drugs effect took on emotion of confederates -when internal arousal was ambiguous, subjects observed own beh and external environ (reactions of others) to interpret their feelings [Field Theory]

Output: Schachter's epinephrine study


Input: -Schachter -to experience specific emotion one must have 1) physiological arousal and 2) cognitive interpretation of arousal [Field Theory]

Output: Two-factor theory of emotion


Input: rewarding ppl for enjoyable activity (overrewarded) can undermine interest in activity -related to intrinsic/extrinsic motivation [Field Theory]

Output: over-justification hypothesis


Input: -when ppl are uncertain about abilities they evaluate selves by comparing selves to similar others -may make downward comparisons when self-esteem is at stake [Field Theory]

Output: social comparison theory


Input: -ppl need and seek confirmation of self-concept regardless of whether positive or negative -prefer to be right than happy -important implications for understanding depression [Field Theory]

Output: self verification theory


Input: when understanding behavior of others, tend to underestimate situation and overestimate personal factors. [Field Theory]

Output: fundamental attribution error


Input: when explaining our own behavior, we are more likely to blame situation, except to explain successes -then make personal attributions [Field Theory]

Output: actor-observer effect


Input: tendency to take credit for our successes but blame situational factors for failures, does not apply to depressed/low self-esteem [Field Theory]

Output: self-serving bias


Input: -categorizes attributions in three-dimensions 1) internal/external 2) stable/unstable 3) controllable/uncontrollable later added: 4) intentional/unintentional 5) global/specific [Field Theory]

Output: Weiner


Input: -locus of control -internal: view selves as cause (achievement-oriented, self-confident, less anxious) -external: see external factors as cause [Field Theory]

Output: Rotter


Input: -Lerner (think @ Robin/lawyer) -ppl need to believe we get what we deserve and deserve what get - explains tendency to "blame victim" [Field Theory]

Output: belief in a just world


Input: -Derald Sue -measure of degree of responsibility or blame one places on ind or system [Field Theory]

Output: Locus of Responsibility


Input: -attributions are influenced by ethnicity and racial identity -included locus of control and responsibility (internal/external) -4 combos [Field Theory]

Output: Derald Sue's contribution to attribution theory


Input: 1) IC-IR: dominant culture, therapist cultually encapsulated 2) IC-ER: assimilated minorities, active in therapy but demand action from therapist 3) EC-IR: marginalized minorities, blame self. 4) EC-ER: little control, blame self. Provide coping strategies [Field Theory]

Output: Explore 4 worldviews influenced by ethnic and racial identity


Input: tendency to overestimate the degree to which others agree/conform with our opinions, attributes and behavior [Field Theory]

Output: false consensus bias


Input: -Asch -a trait associated with other traits and therefore assumed to imply more about a person (ex. warm/cold) [Field Theory]

Output: central traits


Input: -when irrelevant activity intervenes between conflicting info or if told not to jump to conclusion, then most recent info has greatest impact (vs. info 1st heard/presented) [Field Theory]

Output: exception to primacy effect


Input: -confirmation bias -staff members did not recongnize pseudopx as not mentally ill while real px did [Field Theory]

Output: Rosenhan's "pseudopatient study"


Input: a person's expectations about the behavior of others can lead to fulfillment of those expectations [Field Theory]

Output: self-fullfiling prophecy


Input: -Rosenthal and Jacobson -planted expectation of intellectual growth spurt in randomly selected students -IQ score improvements shown [Field Theory]

Output: Pygmalion in the classroom study


Input: stereotype: belief prejudice: feelings discrimination: behavior [Field Theory]

Output: stereotyping vs. prejudice vs. discrimination


Input: 1) characteristics ex. indepenent vs. dependent, assertive vs. sensitive 2) men more competent 3) mental health prof descriptions of "healthy adult/male vs. healthy female" -while there are gender diff, stereotypes are stronger and more numerous than actual diff [Field Theory]

Output: gender role stereotypes


Input: -conventional, rigid thinkers, sexually inhibited, submissive to auth, intolerant of differences -domineering parents, harsh discipline [Field Theory]

Output: authoritarian (prejudiced) personality


Input: -strive to maintain and enhance our self-esteem -social identity enhanced by believing in own group while belittling other groups (prejudice/discrim part of enhancing our self-esteem) [Field Theory]

Output: social identity theory


Input: -reduce intergroup hostility (arising from competition) with superordinate/shared goals [Field Theory]

Output: Sherif's Robber's Cave Study


Input: -contact between hostile groups can be reduced if the following conditions are met: 1) bt two equal-status groups 2) personal contact 3) cooperative activity 4) social norms must favor the above (explains why desegration increased prejudice, these conditions were not met) [Field Theory]

Output: contact hypothesis


Input: -Schachter -high-fear arousal = greater need to affiliate w/others in similar sit -except in survival sit, prefer to affiliate with successful survivors -first-born higher need to affiliate [Field Theory]

Output: Misery loves miserable company


Input: -Zajonc -repeated contact is sufficient to increase attraction, not necc positive [Field Theory]

Output: mere exposue


Input: physcially attractive people are generally believed to possess a variety of other desirable characteristics [Field Theory]

Output: what is beautiful is good bias


Input: -if moderate and gradual -appropriate to sit -reciprocal - at same level [Field Theory]

Output: self-disclosue increases liking when?


Input: -like others who like us -increased when others liking us are discriminate and/or first reacts negatively than warms up [Field Theory]

Output: reciprocity in attraction


Input: -Berscheid -strong emotions result from deviating from partner's expectations, pos and neg -explains strong emotions in beg of rel because et is unexpected -unrealistic expectations = chronic negative emotion [Field Theory]

Output: emotion-in-relationships model (ERM)


Input: -Latane and Darley -presence of others reduces helping of any one person -greater #, greater the apathy [Field Theory]

Output: bystander apathy


Input: 1. diffusion of responsibility 2. social influence 3. evaluation apprehension (4. confusion of responsibility: if help may be blamed) [Field Theory]

Output: 3 psychological factors cause bystander apathy


Input: -when victim obviously in distress and sit not ambiguous: increased -when someone has already intervened: increased -rural environ > urban due to "stim overload" -Batson's innate "capacity for caring" [Field Theory]

Output: other factors affect prosocial behavior


Input: -Filipino, Kenyan ,Mexican children highest -US children lowest -high when cooperative families, many chores, older help raise younger children -more likely to be prosocial if have siblings [Field Theory]

Output: cultural differences in altruism


Input: -no win/lose, if cooperate then min losses and max gains, however most compete -Prisoner's Dilemma [Field Theory]

Output: non-zero-sum games


Input: -means to end vs. venting negative emotions -behavior can be both [Field Theory]

Output: instrumental vs. hostile aggression


Input: -learning, esp. of adults who are important, powerful, successful, liked and familiar -children imitate aggressive beh of adults [Field Theory]

Output: aggression greatly influenced by what?


Input: -Miller and Dollard -frustration always leads to aggression and aggression always preceded by frustration -inhibition leads to displacement -considered too simplitic since there are moderating factors in response such as character, cognitions, attributions etc. [Field Theory]

Output: frustration-aggression hypothesis


Input: -an aggressive act, or witnessing one, can reduse inclination to engage in other aggressive acts -not supported but actually shown it increases aggressive beh [Field Theory]

Output: catharsis model


Input: -high temps highly correlated with violent crimes [Field Theory]

Output: temperature and aggression


Input: -people who never violent will display violence under sway of crowd -sense of anonymity -in lab settings and induced by intense environ stimuli (attn away from self) [Field Theory]

Output: deindividuation


Input: -assigned institutional roles have powerful effect on aggressive beh -guards became abusive, prisoners became passive (prior normals) [Field Theory]

Output: Zimbardo's prison study


Input: in darkness a point of light appears to move in various directions [Field Theory]

Output: autokinetic effect


Input: in groups, estimates of light movement converged where individually the estimates varied widely -informational conformity [Field Theory]

Output: Sherif's study of conformity


Input: no errors alone, but with peers instructred to give wrong answers, overall 35% conformed (75% conformed at least once) -normative confromity [Field Theory]

Output: Asch line study


Input: use other's beh as source of accurate info, to avoid making mistake, esp. if unsure of own accuracy [Field Theory]

Output: informational conformity


Input: "going along" with group norm due to group pressure, desire to be accepted and avoid criticism [Field Theory]

Output: normative conformity


Input: -3-4 ppl in group -unanimous majority toughest, just one dissenter can reduce conformity -ambiguous situations -group cohesiveness -low self-esteem, low intell, high approval needs, authoritarianism [Field Theory]

Output: influences to conformity


Input: a large group can change its opinions or beh based on the lead of one person [Field Theory]

Output: minority influence


Input: 1. minority opinion is consistent 2. not rigid, imbalanced, or biased 3. not waver 4. not member of familiar social group arguing in favor of that group's interest, but seen as arguing for self alone [Field Theory]

Output: factors that increase minority influence


Input: "brownie points" becoming accepted member of group provides crredits so that attempts to deviate or become leader will be more accepted [Field Theory]

Output: idiosyncrasy credits


Input: conformity less likely to occur in situations where person feels their freedom to choose is threatened, will then act opposite to re-establish that freedom [Field Theory]

Output: psychological reactance


Input: conformity involves implicit group norms vs. agreeing to explicit group norms (compliance) [Field Theory]

Output: conformity vs. compliance


Input: 1. foot-in-door: small request first then larger follows (desire for beh to remain consistent) 2. door-in-face: initial request so large sure to be rejected than follow with second. 3. low balling: securing agreement then reveal hidden costs [Field Theory]

Output: Techniques increasing compliance


Input: 1. ppl willng to obey more than experts would guess 2. legitimate authority increases obedience 3. more likely to obey for anonymous victim than one present 4. obey if authority accountable for consequences 5. presence of others who don't obey decreases obedience [Field Theory]

Output: Miligram's study on obedience to authority: major conclusions


Input: types of social power 1. reward 2. coercive 3. legitimate 4. referent 5. expert -can hold several types of power, depending on sit [Field Theory]

Output: French and Raven studied what?


Input: based on a person's attraction to or desire to be like the holder of power [Field Theory]

Output: referent power


Input: combo of referent and expert based more on char of person rhather than position or sit [Field Theory]

Output: what types of power in leaders are most effective?


Input: presence of others enhances perf on simple tasks and impairs perf on complex tasks -focus on ind performance [Field Theory]

Output: social facilitation


Input: -focus on group performance -individual output declines when ppl are working as a group -reduced when ind contrib are believed identifyable, or if task regarded as personally relevant or challenging [Field Theory]

Output: social loafing


Input: -tendency of ind w/similar views to make more risky decisions -"risky shift" effect [Field Theory]

Output: group polarization


Input: -repeated persuasive arguments -if members know positions beforehand - if "ingroup" - relevantly similar to each other [Field Theory]

Output: degree of group polarization related to what factors?


Input: -tendency among group members to reach agreement, often impulsively and irrationally [Field Theory]

Output: groupthink


Input: 1. high group cohesiveness 2. similar backgrounds 3. group isolation 4. presence of strong leader 5. lack of systematic decision making procedures 6. stressful sit 7. newly formed groups [Field Theory]

Output: factors assoc w/groupthink


Input: 1. bring in ppl not part of group 2. encourage criticism of leader and leader refrain from strong positions 3. assigning "devils advocate" [Field Theory]

Output: ways to avoid groupthink


Input: -generate large number of ideas -more quantity and quality when brainstorm individually [Field Theory]

Output: brainstorming


Input: group product determined by ind. with poorest perf, "weakest link" [Field Theory]

Output: conjunctive task


Input: group perf determined by ind with best perf (best idea adopted) [Field Theory]

Output: disjunctive task


Input: group prduct determined by perf of average member (same grade on group perf) [Field Theory]

Output: compensatory task


Input: 1. neutral site and time limited 2. clarify issues and identify alt solutions 3. foster trust by helping see agreement is possible [Field Theory]

Output: successful mediation involves what 3 components


Input: arbitrator has authority to strongly recommend or dictate a final agreement to abide by [Field Theory]

Output: mediator vs. arbirtrator


Input: rate objects in terms of favorableness, power or activity. [Field Theory]

Output: semantic differential scale


Input: -addresses social desirability in test taking -fake mechanical device supposedly records true feelings [Field Theory]

Output: bogus pipline method


Input: -measures attitudes toward different ethnic groups [Field Theory]

Output: social distance scale


Input: moderated by a number of variables [Field Theory]

Output: relationship between attitude and behavior


Input: 1. if measures are specific rather than general 2. attitudes are well-informed 3. obtained through experience 4. attitude readily accessible to awareness [Field Theory]

Output: when attitudes are better predictors of behavior


Input: attitudes and norms don't affect behavior directly but rather our intentions that are not always acted upon [Field Theory]

Output: behavioral intention


Input: -Festinger -when cognitions are inconsistent we experience tension and to reduce it we may change additudes, cognitions or reduce importance of conflict [Field Theory]

Output: Cognitive dissonance


Input: -causes dissonance -i.e. can't attribute actions to sufficient reward [Field Theory]

Output: insufficient justification


Input: 1. negative consequences 2. personally responsible 3. produce physiological arousal 4. attribute arousal to own behavior [Field Theory]

Output: four steps necessary for arousal of dissonance and subsequent attitude change


Input: -we desire consistency between attitudes and feelings toward others -ex. if friend likes someone you don't you are pressured to change attitude toward friend or the other person (also pressure if agree with someone you dislike) [Field Theory]

Output: Heider's balance theory


Input: credible communicator produces more immediate attitude change, however over time the impact decreases and that of the non-cedible communicator increases. -forget source but remember message [Field Theory]

Output: sleeper effect


Input: -presenting a weakened version of an opposing point of view builds up resistance to full presentation later [Field Theory]

Output: McGuire's inoculation theory


Input: -moderate, too discrepant is too radical and not discrepant enough doesn't warrant change -more credible communicator can take a more extreme position, to a limit [Field Theory]

Output: amout of discrepancy necessary for a persuasive message


Input: -not much except when provide specific instructions on how to avoid danger [Field Theory]

Output: arousing fear's effect on attitude change


Input: 1. second message must immed follow first and attitude assessment taken right away, or 2. period of time between two messages and between last message and attitude measurement [Field Theory]

Output: to prevent primacy or recency effect when providing two-sided arguments


Input: only low self-esteem, not intelligence or gender [Field Theory]

Output: what aspects of audience affect ability to be persuaded?


Input: -two routes to persuasive communication: central and peripheral -central route: think carefully about message, when not distracted and well-informed, easily learned, positive -peripheral route: focus less on content and more on other cues (i.e. attractiveness, emot tone, symbols), when distracted, uninformed. [Field Theory]

Output: elaboration likelihood model


Input: study of effect of physical environment on behavior [Field Theory]

Output: environmental (ecological) psychology


Input: -enhances current feelings -effects depend on level of distraction -social facilitation effects -men more sensitive to crowding although research is inconsistent [Field Theory]

Output: important effects of crowding


Input: -need increases gradually until 21 yo -cultural differences -> space needed for low self esteem and high authoritarianism -Americans require more -men need more although research inconsistent [Field Theory]

Output: personal space


Input: 1. unpredictability 2. uncontrollability also, neg affects performance and social behavior (increase aggression, reduce altruism) [Field Theory]

Output: what is most psychologically damaging about noise stress?


Input: -read less -poorer academically -less time family interactions -linked to aggressive beh and tolerance for aggression -reinforces traditional sex-role stereotypes [Field Theory]

Output: effects of tv viewing


Input: -fewer than 12 more likely to convict [Field Theory]

Output: jury size and conviction


Input: -children age 5-10 less accurate witnesses than adults, but NOT with regard to sexual abuse [Field Theory]

Output: child witnesses


Input: -enhances jurors recall and interpretation of evidence (i.e. instruct to disregard will actually make them consider it more) [Field Theory]

Output: judge giving jury instructions


Input: -lowered juror's standards of proof and brought out pro-prosecution biases [Field Theory]

Output: introduction of graphic evidence in trial


Input: jurors and judges more lenient to physically attractive defendants, except when attractiveness aided in carrying out crime then harsher [Field Theory]

Output: features of defendants


Input: -after we observe something, additional info becomes integrated into our memory of event (whether T or F) [Field Theory]

Output: reconstructive memory


Input: -competitive striving for achievement -time urgency, hostility, aggression [Field Theory]

Output: Type A behavior pattern


Input: initially like to heart disease, but now believed the "hostility complex" (cynical mistrust and contemp for others, willingness to express these feelings) aspect of some type A more correlated [Field Theory]

Output: health and Type A


Input: 1. sense of personal control over events (strongest research support) 2. commitment or sense of purpose 3. healthy optimism toward challenges, i.e. make you stronger [Field Theory]

Output: factors of hardiness to stress


Input: under stress, high perceived levels of social support serve to protect against negative effects of stress on health [Field Theory]

Output: buffering hypothesis


Input: -most influential variable for predicting and explaining health-related behaviors [Field Theory]

Output: perceived barriers


Input: [What is a monopoly] Monopoly firm (monopolist)

Output: a single supplier of a product for which there are no close substitutes

A market structure in which there is a single supplier of a product


Input: [What is a monopoly] barrier to entry

Output: anything that mipedes the ability of firms to begin a new business in an industry in which existing firms are earning positive economic profits

A market structure in which there is a single supplier of a product


Input: [What is a monopoly] Three general classes of barriers to entry

Output: 1. Natural barriers, such as economies of scale 2. Actions on the part of firms that create barriers to entry 3. Governmentally created barriers

A market structure in which there is a single supplier of a product


Input: [What is a monopoly] price discrimination

Output: charging different customers at different prices for the same product

A market structure in which there is a single supplier of a product


Input: [What is a monopoly] Necessary Conditions for Price Discrimination

Output: 1. The firm cannot be a price taker (PERFECT COMPETITIOR) 2. The firm must be able to separate customers according to price elasticities of demand 3. The firm must be able to prevent resale of the product

A market structure in which there is a single supplier of a product


Input: [What is a monopoly] Deadweight loss

Output: the reduction of consumer surplus without a corresponding increase in profit when a perfectly competitive firm is monopolized

A market structure in which there is a single supplier of a product


Input: [Organelles] Light Microscope

Output: Light passes through the specimen through glass which magnifies it

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Electron Microscope

Output: Electrons are beamed through the specimen

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Scanning Electron Microscope

Output: useful for detailed study of topography of a specimen

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Transmission Electron Microscope

Output: Used to study internal structure of cells by aiming an electron beam through a thin layer of specimen after being stained with heavy metals

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells


Input: [Organelles] Cell Fractionation

Output: Takes cells apart and separates major organelles from one another.The higher the speed, the smaller the pellets that appear on the bottom.

Membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells