Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Description of a typical long bone

Output: Irregular epiphysis at each end, composed mainly of spongy (cancellous) bone, and a shaft or diaphysis of compact bone

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Cells that form compact bones

Output: Osteoblasts; when they are fixed in dense bone matrix, they stop dividing, but continue to maintain bone tissue as osteocytes

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Example of sesamoid bone

Output: Patella

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Axial skeleton skull bones

Output: 28 bones in skull; 14 facial bones and 14 cranium bones; the mandible is the only movable bone in the skull

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Axial skeleton vertebral columns

Output: 33 vertebral columns; 7 cervical vertebrae; 12 thoracic vertebrae; 5 lumbar vertebrae; 5 scaral "fused" vertebrae; 1 coccygeal vertebrae

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Axial skeleton thorax cage

Output: Sternum bones; 12 pair of rib bones

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Appendicular skeleton upper portion

Output: Pectoral or shoulder girdle, clavicle, scapula, and upper extremity

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Appendicular skeleton arms

Output: Humerus, radius, ulna, 8 carpals (wrist), 5 metacarpals (hand), 14 phalanges (fingers)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Appendicular skeleton lower portion

Output: Pelvic girdle or os coxae (consists of fused ilium, ischium, and pubis)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BONES Appendicular skeleton lower extremity

Output: Femur, tibia, fibula, 7 tarsals (ankle), 5 metatarsals (foot), and 14 phalanges (toes)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE How movement is produced

Output: By contracting in response to nervous stimulation

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE How does contraction result

Output: From the sliding together of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle cell or fiber.

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What does each muscle cell consist of

Output: Myofibrils, which in turn are made up of still smaller units of sacromeres

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What must be present for contraction to result

Output: Calcium and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE How does contraction occur

Output: 1. Nervous stimulation from motor neuron release Ca ion from sacroplasmic reticulum 2. Ca ion attaches to inhibitory proteins on actin filaments within the cell, moving aside that results cross-bridge between actin and myosin filaments 3. Using energy from ATP, filaments slide together to produce contraction

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What type are the skeletal muscles

Output: Voluntary muscles; they are under conscious control

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What must occur for skeletal muscle to function

Output: Must work in pairs

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What is the name of the muscle that executes movement

Output: Prime mover

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What is the name of the muscle that produces opposite movement

Output: Antagonist

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What is the name of the muscle that cooperates with the prime mover

Output: Synergist

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What is a flexor muscle

Output: Flexors reduce angle at the joint

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What is a extensor muscle

Output: Extensor increase angle at the joint

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What is the abductor muscle

Output: Moves limb away from the midline

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MUSCLE What is the adductor muscle

Output: Returns limb back toward the body

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What does nervous system consists of

Output: Brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What is the nervous system (part 1)

Output: Vital system that perceives changes in external and internal environments to respond to the changes

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS Examples of perception

Output: Seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What is the nervous system (part 2)

Output: It makes body movement possible by supplying nerve impulses to skeletal muscles to contract

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS How does the nervous and endocrine systems work together

Output: By correlating and integrating body functions (i.e. digestion and reproduction)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What actions of the nervous system depend

Output: Transmission of nerve impulses over neurons, or nerve cells, the functional unit of the nervous system

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What are the main parts of a neuron

Output: Cell body, axon, and dendrites

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS How does a neuron function

Output: Dendrites transmit impulses toward cell body, and axon transmit the impulse away from the cell body

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What are the divisions of the nervous system

Output: Central nervous system (CNS; consists of brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (PNS; consists of nerves and their branches)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What neurons transmit impulses from PNS to CNS

Output: Sensory (afferent) neurons

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What neuron transmits impulses away form CNS to PNS

Output: Motor (efferent) neurons

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What is the CEREBRUM responsible for

Output: Sensory input and its associate with movement

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What is the CEREBELLUM responsible for

Output: Muscular coordination

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What is the MEDULLA OBLONGATA responsible for

Output: Controls many vital functions (i.e. respiration and heart rate)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS Describe the spinal cord

Output: Approximately 18 inches long, from the skull base (foramen magnum) to the first or second lumbar vertebrae

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS How many pairs of nerves exit the spinal cord

Output: 31 pairs

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS What are simple (spinal) reflexes

Output: Nerve impulses that travel through spinal cord, but it does not reach the brain

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS How do most impulses travel

Output: Through reflex pathways to and from brain in ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord.

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS Where does the sensory impulses enter

Output: Dorsal horns of the spinal cord

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] NERVOUS Where does the motor impulses leave through

Output: Ventral horns of the spinal cord

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE How does the endocrine and nervous system assist each other

Output: Maintaining homeostasis and plays important roles in growth and sexual maturation

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE Where do the endocrine and nervous system meet

Output: At the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE Describe the hypothalamus

Output: It governs the pituitary and it is controlled by the feedback of hormones in the blood

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What do both nervous and endocrine system achieve

Output: They coordinate and control the body, but the endocrine system has more long-lasting and widespread effect

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What are hormones

Output: Chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What are some types of hormones and their objectives

Output: Two major types, steroid and protein hormones. Most hormones affect cell activity by altering the rate of protein synthesis

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What are steroid hormones

Output: They enter the target cell and have direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What are protein hormones

Output: They remain at cell surface and act through a second messenger, usually adenosine mono phosphate (AMP)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What is the main function of the endocrine glands

Output: Production of hormones

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What other organs produce hormones

Output: Stomach, small intestine, and kidneys

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE Which areas release hormones during stress

Output: Adrenal cortex, hypothalamus, and the posterior and anterior pituitary

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What hormone is released by the adrenal cortex during stress

Output: Cortisol; It reduces inflammation, raises the blood sugar level, and inhibits the release of histamine

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What is another name for the pituitary gland

Output: The master gland

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE Where is the pituitary and the hypothalamus attached

Output: By a stalk called the infundibulum

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE How many portions does the pituitary gland have

Output: 2 portions; anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What are the hormones called from the adenohypophysis portion

Output: Tropic hormones; they act mainly on the other endocrine glands

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What are some tropic hormones

Output: 1. Somatotropin (STH) or Growth Hormone (GH) 2. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) 3. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 4. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 5. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What are some hormones released by the posterior pituitary

Output: 1. Oxytocin (labor hormone) 2. Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] ENDOCRINE What are some other important endocrine glands

Output: Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, and gonads (ovaries and testes)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What components make up blood

Output: 55% plasma; 45% formed elements: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Where are all formed elements produced

Output: From a stem cell in the red bone marrow

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What is the main role of erythrocytes

Output: To transport oxygen; oxygen is bound to the pigmented protein hemoglobin

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What distinguishes the five type of leukocytes

Output: Size, appearance of nucleus, staining properties, and presence or absence of visible cytoplasmic granules

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What are white blood cells mostly active in

Output: Phagocytosis (neutrophils and monocytes) and antibody formation (lymphocytes)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What are platelets mostly active in

Output: Blood clotting

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What are some of the functions of blood

Output: Transports oxygen and nutrients to body cells, and to carry away carbon dioxide and metabolic waste

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What does plasma contain

Output: 10% protein, ions, nutrients, waste products, and hormones, which dissolve or suspense in water

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What is the function of the heart in reference to being a double pump

Output: It sends blood to the lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary circuit and to the remainder of the body through the systemic circuit

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Where in the heart is the blood received

Output: In the atrias

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Where is the heart is the blood pump to circulation

Output: In the ventricles

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What are the valves between the aria and ventricle in the heart

Output: Tricuspid valve on the right side and Bicuspid (Mitral) valve on the left side

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Where are the semilunar valves found in the heart

Output: At the entrance of pulmonary trunk and the aorta

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD How is blood supplied to the heart muscle (myocardium)

Output: By the coronary arteries

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD How is blood drained from the heart muscle (myocardium)

Output: Drained into the right atrium through the coronary sinus

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What causes the heart to have an intrinsic beat

Output: Its caused by the sinoatrial node; its transmitted along a conduction system through the myocardium

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What device can measure the electrical activity of the heart

Output: An electrocardiogram (ECG)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Define the cardiac cycle

Output: Is the period from the end of 1 ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Define systole

Output: Its the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Define diastole

Output: Its the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Define arteries

Output: Carries blood away from the heart

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Define veins

Output: Carries blood to the heart

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Define microscopic vessels

Output: Known as capillaries; exchange take place between blood and cell of the body

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Where does the systemic arteries begin

Output: From the aorta; which sends branches to all parts of the body

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Define arterioles

Output: The smallest form of arteries

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD How does blood reach the heart

Output: Through the inferior and superior venae cavae; they empty at the right atrium

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Define the walls of the arteries

Output: Thick and elastic; so they can carry blood under high pressure

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Output: It results from contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial walls; changes pressure and blood distribution

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD Define the walls of the veins

Output: Thinner and less elastic than arteries; they carry blood under lower pressure

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] BLOOD What mechanisms allow blood to flow back to the heart

Output: Skeletal muscle pressure, expansion of chest in breathing, and valves in veins of the legs to keep blood moving forward

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS What are the components of the respiratory system

Output: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs with alveoli, diaphragm, and muscles surrounding the ribs

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS Where is the respiratory center control in the brain

Output: In the medulla oblongata

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS What is the primary function of the respiratory system

Output: To supply oxygen to the body and eliminate carbon dioxide

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS What is external respiration

Output: The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS What is internal respiration

Output: The exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS Define gas exchange pathway between nasal cavities and alveoli

Output: To and from the lungs; gases travel both ways

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS What is another service that the upper passageways provide

Output: They warm, filter, and moisten incoming air

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS What prevents debris and foreign substance from entering the lungs

Output: Cilia; they line the upper respiratory tubules

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS Define Inhalation

Output: Contraction of the diaphragm, enlargement of the chest cavity, and draw air into lungs

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS Define Exhalation

Output: Passive process in which lungs recoil as respiratory muscles relax and thorax decreases in size

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS Where is most of the oxygen carried

Output: In the hemoglobin, inside the red blood cells

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS Define hemoglobin and oxygenation

Output: Oxygen is release from the hemoglobin when oxygen drops in the tissues

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS Define carbon dioxide's role

Output: Some are carried in solution or bound to blood proteins; Most are converted to bicarbonate ion by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] LUNGS What gas regulates the blood pH

Output: Carbon dioxide; because the carbonic anhydrase causes a release of hydrogen ions

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE What does the digestive tube consists of

Output: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE What are the accessory organs

Output: Liver, pancreas, and the gallbladder

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTION Define mastication

Output: Chewing; ingested food in mouth mechanically broken down by teeth and tongue

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTION Primary role of saliva during digestion

Output: Lubricate and dilate chewed food; contains amylase, that starts the digestion of complex carbohydrates

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTION Define bolus

Output: A ball of food

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTION What forces food from the pharynx to the upper portion of the esophagus

Output: The constrictive muscles of the pharynx

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTION Define the 4 main layers of the digestive tract

Output: From inner to outer; the mucous membrane, the submucous layer, the muscular layer, and serous layer

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE What occurs when food enters the stomach

Output: Gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid to break down foods; the stomach muscle churns and mixes the food

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE Define Chyme

Output: Occurs after the stomach converts the bolus of food to a soupy substance

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE What organ stores food and regulates the movement into the small intestine

Output: The stomach

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE Where does most digestion and absorption occur

Output: In the small intestine; enzymes from small intestine, pancreas, and liver contribute to the process

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE Which accessory organ contributes water to neutralize acid from stomach

Output: The pancreas; by diluting the chyme and bicarbonate ions

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE What are the three major regions of the small intestine

Output: The duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum; nutrients are absorbed through these walls

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE What is absorbed directly into the blood

Output: Amino acids, simple sugars derived from proteins, and carbohydrates

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE Where are fats absorbed

Output: Through the lymph by the lacteals, which will eventually be added to bloodstream

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE Where do the nutrients travel after being absorbed by the small intestine

Output: They travel to the hepatic portal vein, on route to the liver for decontamination

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE Define villi in the digestive tract

Output: They are small finger-like projections that greatly increase the surface area of the intestinal wall

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE Define primary role of large intestine

Output: Re-absorption of water and stores and eliminates undigested food; large amounts of bacteria are present, intestinal flora

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE What are the five portions of the large intesine

Output: The ascending colon, transverse colon, desending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE Define enzymes in mouth

Output: Amylase - breaks polysaccharides

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE Define enzymes in pancreas

Output: Trypsin and chymotrypsin - breaks proteins Amylase - breaks polysaccharides Lipase - breaks lipids

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] DIGESTIVE Define enzymes in small intestine

Output: Peptidase - breaks proteins Sucrases - breaks sugars Amylase - breaks polysaccharides

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] URINARY What consists of the urinary system

Output: 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a urinary bladder, and the urethra

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] URINARY What is the overall objective of the kidney

Output: To filter the blood

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] URINARY What is the overall objective of the ureters

Output: To transport the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] URINARY What is the overall objective of the urinary bladder

Output: To store urine before urination through the urethra, then to the outside

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] URINARY What is the functional units of the kidney

Output: The nephrons; small coiled tubes filter waste out of the blood brought to the kidney by the renal artery

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] URINARY Where does the actual filtration occur

Output: Through the glomerulus in the Bowman's capsule; it occurs under the force of blood pressure

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] URINARY What occurs to the components need by the body during filtration

Output: Water, glucose, and ions leave the nephron by diffusion and reenter the blood; water is reabsorbed at the tubules

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] URINARY What is the final product of the nephron

Output: Millions of nephrons per kidney produces urine

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE What is the male sex organ

Output: Testes

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE What is the functions of the testes

Output: 1. Produce gametes (sex cells) 2. Produce hormones

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE What type of reproduction cycle does men have

Output: Continuous; the gametes are formed by meiosis

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE Where does the spematozoa develps

Output: Within the seminiferous tubules of each testis

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE Where does the production of testosterone occur

Output: In the interstitial cells between the seminiferous tubules

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE What are the responsibilities of the testosterone hormone

Output: Influences sperm development and produces male secondary sex characteristics (i.e. body hair, deep voice)

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE Where is the sperm stored

Output: In the epididymis of each testicle

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE Define the ejaculatory pathway

Output: Sperm travels through the vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE What glands facilitate the travel sperm by producing semen

Output: The seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE What part of the brain controls the testicular activity

Output: Two hormones from the anterior pituitary, FSH and ICSH or LH

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE What is the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) responsible

Output: Stimulation of sperm production

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] MALE What is the Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) or Luteinizing Hormone (LH) responsible

Output: Stimulation of the interstitial cells to produce testosterone

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What is the sex organ for the female

Output: Ovaries

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What are the functions of the ovaries

Output: 1. Production of gametes (sex cells) 2. Production of hormones

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE Which gland controls the activities of the ovaries

Output: The pituitary gland via the tropic hormones

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What type of reductive cycle does women have

Output: Cyclic; gametes are formed by meiosis

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What occurs each month for a women in her reproductive years

Output: Several eggs ripen withing the ovarian follicles in the ovary, under the influence of FSH

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What occurs during the production of estrogen

Output: It initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregancy

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What occur at approximately day 14 of cycle

Output: LH is released from the anterior pituitary, which stimulates ovulation and the conversion of follicle to corpus luteum

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What does the occurs in the corpus luteum

Output: It produces progesterone hormone, which will further stimulate development of the endometrium

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What occurs if fertilization is successful or a failure

Output: Successful - the corpus luteum remains functional Failure - the corpus luteum degenerates and menstruation begins

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What occurs during ovulation

Output: The egg is swept into the oviduct or fallopian tube

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE Where does fertilization occur

Output: It occurs while the egg is in the oviduct

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What occurs after the egg has been fertilize

Output: The fertilize egg or zygote travels to the uterus and implants itself within the endometrium

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What occurs after the egg has implated itself within the endometrium

Output: The embryo is nourished by the placenta, which is formed by maternal and embryonic tissues

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [Dorsal Cavity] FEMALE What occurs during pregnancy

Output: Hormones from the placenta maintain the endometrium and prepare the breasts for milk production

HESI Anatomy Physiology Review Flashcards - Cram.com

Includes the cranial and spinal cavities


Input: [anorexia] borborygmi borborygmus .

Output: The audible rumbling sounds of gas moving through the intestinal tract. This is the plural form. The singular form is blank

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] chills

Output: A shivering or a shaking.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] rigor

Output: Shivering or trembling, usually accompanied by fever; also called chills

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] constipation

Output: This term could be classified as either a symptom or a disease. Patients can subjectively relate that they are experiencing the discomfort of constipation, and it can also be the diagnosis.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] obstipation

Output: Constipation that continues for a prolonged period of time.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] dysphagia

Output: This is a subjective feeling of difficulty swallowing. It occurs when there is impaired progression of the food bolus from the pharynx to the stomach.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] fever

Output: An elevation in temperature above normal. This is also called pyrexia. If a patient has a fever, physicians will usually refer to that patient as being febrile.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] afebrile

Output: Not having a fever.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] flatus

Output: Gas produced by bacterial action on waste matter in the intestines. Composed primarily of hydrogen sulfide and methane

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] bloating

Output: The feeling of excessive gas in the colon.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] belching

Output: Expressing of excessive gas through the mouth.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] flatulence

Output: Expressing of excessive gas through the anus.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] heartburn

Output: A retrosternal sensation of burning felt in waves and arising upward toward the neck.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] hematemesis

Output: Vomiting of blood.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] hematochezia

Output: The passage of bloody stools

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] melena

Output: Melan(o)- is a combining form that means black. The term melena refers both to the passage of dark and pithy stools stained with blood pigment, and black vomit. Although the combining form is spelled with an A, it is important to note that the term melena or melenic stools is spelled with an E.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] nausea

Output: An unpleasant sensation in the epigastric and abdominal area, which often results in vomiting.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] odynophagia

Output: Pain during swallowing.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] pallor

Output: Paleness or the absence of skin color.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] regurgitation

Output: Flow in the opposite direction than is normal.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] tenesmus

Output: Straining, especially ineffective and painful straining during a bowel movement or urination.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] vomiting

Output: Also called emesis. The forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. (Try not to think about it.)

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] weakness

Output: Lacking physical strength.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] weight loss

Output: This is self-explanatory: losing pounds

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] anorexia nervosa

Output: This is a mental condition characterized by an individual's refusal to eat enough to maintain a minimal body weight, usually fueled by an intense fear of becoming obese.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] achalasia

Output: This is an impairment of normal esophageal peristalsis. (You may remember that peristalsis is the movement of the muscles in the alimentary canal to propel the food bolus.) It also affects the ability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax. The most common symptoms are dysphagia, regurgitation, nocturnal cough, and chest pain.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] appendicitis

Output: Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. (The term appendix is actually a general term which means a supplementary, accessory, or dependent part of a main structure.) This is the first, but many individual structures which are found in the body (GI system and elsewhere) can be individually affected by infection which causes inflammation. You will notice that the suffix -itis appears in several disease processes.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] vermiform

Output: The vermiform appendix specifically identifies the diverticulum of the cecum. However, healthcare professionals commonly drop the term vermiform when referring to this particular appendix

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] atresia

Output: The absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] bezoar

Output: Tightly packed, partially digested agglomerations of hair or vegetable matter. Seeds, bubble gum, medication, and other materials can mimic true bezoars.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] botulism

Output: A type of food poisoning caused by the production of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum in improperly canned foods. It is characterized by vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty seeing, dryness of the mouth and pharynx, dyspepsia, cough; it often results in death.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] cheiloschisis

Output: This is another term for cleft lip or harelip. It is a congenital abnormality.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] cholecystitis

Output: Inflammation of the gallbladder. There are different types of cholecystitis, the most common being chronic and acute. An acute infection generally indicates severe infection and often necessitates a cholecystectomy, which is removal of the gallbladder. This is an extremely common procedure.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [anorexia] cholelithiasis

Output: The presence or formation of gallstones.

APD, Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Illness Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [probability] What are the requirements for a random sample?

Output: Each individual has to have an equal chance of being selected; independent random sampling

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] inferential statistics

Output: looking for noticeable difference

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] sampling distribution

Output: all possible sample means

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] sampling error

Output: natural discrepancy between a sample statistic and population parameter

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] expected value of M

Output: µ

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] σM

Output: standard error of M-how much error between M and µ

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] sample size

Output: as n increases σM decreases

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] how do you calculate standard error of M?

Output: σ/√n or

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] hypothesis test

Output: statistical method that uses sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a population

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] type 1 error

Output: reject null hypothesis that is actually true

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] type II error

Output: failure to reject null that is really false

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] What effects the size of the mean difference?

Output: numerator of the z-score; larger difference=increased likelihood of treatment effect

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] What effects the variability of he scores?

Output: standard error, the number of scores in the sample

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] Increased variability

Output: = deceased likelihood of treatment effect

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] Increased number of scores

Output: = increased likelihood of treatment effect

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] What is the effect size?

Output: measurement of the absolute magnitude of a treatment effect

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] statistical power

Output: probability of correctly rejecting a false H0 or fail to reject H0

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] What is a t-statistic?

Output: test hypothesis about an unknown population when σ is unknown

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] DF

Output: number of scores in a sample that are independent

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] What are the factors that influence the t statistic?

Output: sample size (increasing scores=increased likelihood if treatment effect, sample variance (large variance=decreased likelihood of treatment effect).

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] independent measures

Output: two sets of data from two different groups, representative sample

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] Hartley F-Max Test

Output: tests for homogeneity of variance

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] repeated measures

Output: single sample measured more than once, compare across conditions

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] matched subject design

Output: 1 subject matched to another on important characteristics: age, gender, IQ

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] What term is used to identify the mean of the distribution of sample means?

Output: the expected value of M

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] Under what circumstance will the distribution of sample means be normal?

Output: If the population is normal or if the sample size is greater than 30

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] The Central Limit Theorem

Output: the standard error for a sample mean becomes smaller, approaching zero, and the sample size approaches infinity.

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] Describe a hypothesis test

Output: an inferential technique that uses data from a sample to draw inferences about a population

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] Under what circumstances can a very small treatment effect still be signifcant?

Output: if the sample size is very large.

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] What is the difference between a t statistic and a z-score?

Output: The t statistic uses the sample variance in place of the population variance

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [probability] What is measured by the estimated standard error?

Output: the average distance between a sample mean and the population mean

# of outcomes classified as A/total # of possible outcomes


Input: [auricle (pinna)] external auditory meatus (canal)

Output: short tube that ends at the tympanic mm; contains glands that secrete earwax

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] tympanic mm (eardrum)

Output: semitransparent mm that separates the external auditory meatus and the middle ear cavity; transmits sound vibrations to the ossicles

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] eustachian tube

Output: connects middle ear and the pharynx; equalizes pressure on both sides of th eardrum

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] ossicles

Output: bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations; ossicles are composed of malleaus. incus, and stapes

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] labyrinth (inner ear)

Output: bony spaces w/n temporal bone of the skull; contains cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] semicircular canals and vestibule

Output: contains receptors and endolymph that help the body maintain it sense of balance (equilibruim)

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] mastoid bone and cells

Output: located in the skull bone behind the external auditory meatus

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] labrynthitis/ mastoiditis/ myringitis/ otomastoiditis/ tympanitis

Output: inflammation of the labyrinth/ mastoid bone/ tympanic mm/ ear and mastoid bone/ middle ear

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] otalgia

Output: pain in the ear

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] otomycosis

Output: abnormal condition of fungus in the ear

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] otopyorrhea

Output: discharge of pus from the ear

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] otorrhea

Output: discharge from the ear (may be serous, bloody, etc)

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] otosclerosis

Output: hardening of the ear

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] acoustic neuroma

Output: benign tumor w/n auditiry canal growing form the acoustic nerve; may cause hearing loss and damage structures of the cerebellum

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] ceruminoma

Output: tumor of a gland that secretes earwax

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] cholesteatoma

Output: cystlike mass composed of epithelial cells and cholesterol ocurring in the middle ear;

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] Meniere d.

Output: chronic d. of the inner ear chara. by dizziness, ringing in the ear, and hearing loss

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] otitis externa/ media

Output: inflammation of the outer/ middle ear

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] presbycusis

Output: hearing impairment in old age

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] tinnitus

Output: ringing in the ears

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] vertigo

Output: sense that either one's own body or the environment is revolving; may indicate inner ear d.

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] cochlear implant

Output: pertaining to the cochlea implant; surgically inserted prosthetic device that uses electrical currents to stimulate the auditory nerve and provide hearing)

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] labyrinthectomy/ mastoidectomy/ stapedectomy

Output: excision of the labyrinth; mastoid bone; stapes

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] mastoidotomy/ myringotomy

Output: incision into the mastoid bone/ tympanic mm

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] myringoplasty/ tympanoplasty

Output: surgical repair of the tympanic mm/ of middle ear

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] audiogram

Output: graphic record of hearing

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] audiometer

Output: instrument used to measure hearing

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] audiometry

Output: measurement of hearing

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] otoscope

Output: instrument used for visual examination of the ear

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] otoscopy

Output: visual examination of the ear

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] tympanometer

Output: instrument used to measure middle ear (function)

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] tympanometry

Output: measurement of movement of the tympanic mm

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] audiologist

Output: one who studies and specializes in hearing

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] audiology/ otology

Output: study of hearing/ ear

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] aural/ cochlear/ vestibular/ vestibulocochlear

Output: pertaining to the ear/ cochlea/ vestibule/ vestibule and cochlea

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] otologist/ otorhinolaryngologist

Output: physician who studies and treats d. of the ear/ ear, nose, and larynx

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [auricle (pinna)] a

Output: a

Ch. 13 Ear Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com

external structure located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus


Input: [1] Motivation [2]

Output: Physiological and psychological factors that account for the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior


Input: [1] Drive [2]

Output: Internal motivational state created bu a physiological need


Input: [1] Drive-reduction theory [2]

Output: Theory that views motivated behavior as directed toward the reduction of a physiological need


Input: [1] Optimum-level theory [2]

Output: Theory that the body functions best at a specific level of arousal, which varies from one individual to another


Input: [1] Cognitive dissonance [2]

Output: aversive state produced when an individual holds two incompatible thoughts or cognitons


Input: [1] Hierarchy of Needs [2]

Output: Maslow's view that basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs can be satisfied


Input: [1] Basic Physiological Needs [2]

Output: Food, water, and sleep


Input: [1] Safety needs [2]

Output: Order, physical security, freedom from fear


Input: [1] Belongingness and love needs [2]

Output: Affiliation with friends, a supportive family, group identification, and an intimate relationship


Input: [1] Esteem needs [2]

Output: Attention and recognition from others, and feelings of accomplishment, competence, and mastery


Input: [1] Self-actualization needs [2]

Output: Development of one's potential to the fullest extent


Input: [1] Self-actualization [2]

Output: Need to develop one's full potential; the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy


Input: [1] Obesity [2]

Output: body weight of 20% or more in excess of desirable body weight


Input: [1] Body Mass Index [2]

Output: A numerical index calculated from a person's height and weight that is used to indicate health status and disease risk


Input: [1] Anorexia nervosa [2]

Output: A potentially life-threatening eating disorder occurring in primarily young and adolescent females; an intense fear of becoming fat that leads to self starvation and weight loss


Input: [1] Bulimia nervosa [2]

Output: Eating disorder in which a victim alternatively consumes large amounts of food and then empties the stomach


Input: [1] Pheromones [2]

Output: Chemical odors emitted by some animals that appear to influence the behavior of members of the same species


Input: [1] Achievement [2]

Output: Manipulation of the environment according to established rules to attain a desired goal


Input: [1] Emotion [2]

Output: Physiological changes and conscious feelings of pleasantness or unpleasantness aroused by external and internal stimuli, that lead to behavioral reactions


Input: [1] James-Lange Theory [2]

Output: Theory that physiological changes precede and cause emotions


Input: [1] Commonsense view of emotions [2]

Output: View that emotions precede and cause bodily change


Input: [1] Cannon-Bard Theory [2]

Output: Theory that the thalamus relays information simultaneously to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system and physiological changes to occur at the same time


Input: [1] Polygraph [2]

Output: an electronic device that snese and records changes in several physiological indices including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and galvanic skin response


Input: [1] Facial Feedback Hypothesis [2]

Output: Hypothesis that making a certain facial expression will produce the corresponding emotion


Input: [1] Display rules [2]

Output: Culturally specific rules for which emotions to display, to whom, and when


Input: [1] Nonverbal communication [2]

Output: Communication that involves movements, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, use of personal space, and touching


Input: [1] Paralanguage [2]

Output: Communication that involves aspects of speech such as rate of talking and tone of voice, but not the words used


Input: [1] Memory [2]

Output: System or process by which the products or results of learning are stored for future use


Input: -Direct provisionals are fabricated in the mouth -Indirect provisional are fabricated w/ a model outside of the mouth

Output: What is the difference b/t a direct provisional and an indirect provisional?

Fixed Prosthodontics Lecture 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the purpose of provisional prosthesis?


Input: -A fully convex surface that will resist trapping of food debris, and sufficient space b/t the belly of the pontic and the ridge to allow easy cleaning.

Output: What are the critical characteristic of hygienic pontic?

Fixed Prosthodontics Lecture 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the purpose of provisional prosthesis?


Input: -Allows the patient to evaulate the estehtics of the multi-unit prosthesis and see what it feels like in the mouth, also maintains tooth position and prevents supraeruption of opposing teeth.

Output: What are the advantages of a multi-unit fixed provisional compared to several single-unit provisionals?

Fixed Prosthodontics Lecture 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the purpose of provisional prosthesis?


Input: -NO

Output: Is Protemp Garant an appropiate material for fabricating a long-span provisional FPD?

Fixed Prosthodontics Lecture 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the purpose of provisional prosthesis?


Input: -Custom and prefabricated

Output: What are the two types of provisional restorations?

Fixed Prosthodontics Lecture 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the purpose of provisional prosthesis?


Input: Convenient handling, biocompatibility, dimensional stability, ease of contouring, adequate strength, abrasion resistance, good esthetics, ease of adding and repairing, chemical compatibility w/ luting cements

Output: What is the ideal properties of a properly constructed provisional restoration include:

Fixed Prosthodontics Lecture 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the purpose of provisional prosthesis?


Input: Simple aluminum cylinders, -Metal crowns that mimic the normal anatomic contour of teeth -Clear Celluloid shell (used as mould) -Pre-made tooth-colored polycarbonate crowns. -Custom provisional is best option

Output: Prefab provisionals take several forms:

Fixed Prosthodontics Lecture 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the purpose of provisional prosthesis?


Input: -Multi-unit provisionals that mimics the characteristics of final fixed partial denture a patient will receive.

Output: Provisional FPD is what?

Fixed Prosthodontics Lecture 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the purpose of provisional prosthesis?


Input: -1.0 -2.0 mm clearance (pontic tip to crest of ridge) -Facio-lingual dimension is reduced by 1.5-2.0 on either side (total of 3-4 mm)

Output: What is the dimension of hygienic pontic?

Fixed Prosthodontics Lecture 15 Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the purpose of provisional prosthesis?


Input: After the implants have been placed and integrated, the healing caps are removed and you have to determine what size of prosthetic head to use. You will use a plastic peiodontal probe to measure the distance from the platform to the top of the tissue. You only want _______ mm of the tissue above the head of the platform.

Output: 1-1.5mm

False the denture provides the stability


Input: When placing prosthetic implant heads, you will tighten it by hand 1st and then you will use a wrench to tighten it fully. You want to tighten it to about _____ for our implant overdenture technique.

Output: 15Ncm

False the denture provides the stability


Input: For a mandibular overdenture, after the implants have been placed, you can place an overdenture AFTER _________ of healing

Output: 6 weeks

False the denture provides the stability


Input: It has been said that the chewing efficiency for the various forms of implant treatment can be quantified. According to Dr. Faddoul, what level of chewing efficiency will be restored for a patient with 2 implants and an overdenture on the mandible?

Output: 60%

False the denture provides the stability


Input: As one of your assessments before committing to recommending that implants be placed, you must have a minimum of interocclusal space. That magic # is?

Output: 15mm

False the denture provides the stability


Input: You will need to assess the depth or vertical amount of bone available for use of the implants. The minimum length of implant that we can use is?

Output: 10mm

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F As on criteria for success with implant placement, it is very desirable to have the surface of the implant surrounded by strong fibrous tissue.

Output: False

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In the clinic we are using Nobel/Biocare 4.3x13 implant. What is the minimum amount of bone that must surround the implant on all sides?

Output: 1mm

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Physiologically, the endentulous oral cavity is divided into 2 types of surfaces. They are?

Output: Myostatic (tissue fixed in place) Myodynamic (tissue that Moves)

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In selecting teeth for your patient, the most difficulty will arise from trying to select the perfect tooth for the anteriors. There are several sets of numbers on it. One is the mold number, one is the length and width of the central incisor. Below the picture of the maxillary six anteriors are 2 sets of numbers such as 47-51. This stands for?

Output: The width of the anteriors in a straight line and the width of the anteriors curving from canine to canine

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In picking out the shade for the patient, several things to look at are: the skin tone, lip color, certainly the gender, but many times what shade selection comes down to is?

Output: Patient Preference

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In selecting the posterior teeth, one method is to look at the residual ridge to help determine whether you need teeth with cusps or not. If you have severely resorbed ridge, you would probably select?

Output: Non-Anatomic Teeth

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Anatomic teeth have a cusp angulation of?

Output: 33 deg

False the denture provides the stability


Input: There are two types of teeth that we use in making dentures: pocelain and plastic. The plastic teeth are actually a combination of composite of composite resin and acrylic. The base is made of:

Output: PMMA Polymethylmethacrylic

False the denture provides the stability


Input: The quality in the prosthesis which acts to resist forces of dislodgement along the path of placement is defined as?

Output: Retention

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Which material has a greater wetability?

Output: Heat and pressure cured acrylic

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the difference in resorption rate between maxilla and mandible?

Output: Mandible resorbs 4x faster

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Adhesion is the physical attraction of unlike molecules to to each other. An example of BAD adhesion is exhibited in patients with?

Output: Xerostomia

False the denture provides the stability


Input: When teeth are in occlusion, we refer to this as?

Output: Vertical dimension of occlusion

False the denture provides the stability


Input: The physiological rest position, phonetics, esthetics, swallowing threshold and tactile sense refer to?

Output: Physiological Methods for obtaining Vertical Dimension of Rest

False the denture provides the stability


Input: You need to make sure that you carve in the PPS. When should this be done?

Output: Right after pouring the Master Cast (probably want to let it set up first though)

False the denture provides the stability


Input: On your prescription paper to the lab everything is pretty evident. For the general instructions you have the opportunity to be specific about specific desires. Five of them were given to you to emphasize to the lab. Name them:

Output: Do not polish lingual cusps Call me if you have questions

False the denture provides the stability


Input: For artificial occlusion function where is the primary support for dentures? a) the peridontium b) the buccal shelf c) the palate and remaining alveolar ridge d) the bone e) b & c only

Output: d) The BONE

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F When doing a set up for the denture teeth, you would like to be able to create a bilateral balance, just like with the occlusion of the natural teeth.

Output: False It is not "just like" the occlusion of the natural teeth. It is a lingualized occlusion.

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F Approximately 175 lbs of force can be applied to the natural dentition. With properly made dentures, this same amount of force will normally be applied and tolerated.

Output: False

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Usually, the greater the cusp angle and height of the denture teeth used, the lateral forces will be _______ on the denture bases. a) increased b) decreased c) about the same as with any tooth that is used

Output: Increased

False the denture provides the stability


Input: The bilateral, simultaneous, anterior and posterior occlusal contact of teeth in centric and exxentric positions describe what?

Output: Bilateral Balance

False the denture provides the stability


Input: A processed maxillary denture has somewhat of a tendency to warp in one particular area. Besides having better contact of the actual processing procedure, what else is done to minimize this effect?

Output: Carve the PPS into the master cast

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Flat plane or monoplane occlusion does not normally have balance. However, this can be changed to a balanced occlusion by?

Output: RAMP

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F It has been shown that dentures with cusped teeth are much more functional than dentures with no particular occlusal form (monoplane).

Output: False

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Should the contour of the cameo be concave or convex?

Output: Concave

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In our school, what gypsum products do we use to make diagnostic models?

Output: Type II gypsum (Lab Plaster)

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In our school, what gypsum products do we use to make casts for processing dentures?

Output: Type III Microstone

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In our school, what gypsum products do we use to make casts for crown and bridge work?

Output: Type IV Snap Stone or Silky Rock

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In our school, what gypsum products do we use to make casts for partial denture work?

Output: Type IV Snap Stone or Silky Rock

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What material do we use to mount edentulous casts to articulator?

Output: Mounting plaster (type I gypsum)

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the expansion rate for silky rock?

Output: 0.09% Silky Rock expasion

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the expansion rate for Microstone?

Output: 0.12% Microstone expansion

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the expansion rate for Snap Stone?

Output: 0.15% Snap Stone Expansion

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the expansion rate for Mounting Stone?

Output: .09% Mounting Stone expansion

False the denture provides the stability


Input: When you make alginate, when should you pour it?

Output: Right away

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Another name for the pterygomaxillary notch is?

Output: Hamular Notch

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F The PPS is usually located near or at the fovea palatinal area. It is advisable to palpate and locate this area, even though you are making only the preliminary impression.

Output: True

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What gypsum product is advisable to use for your preliminary casts?

Output: Type II gypsum

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Which gypsum product that we use here at the school has the least amount of expansion?

Output: Silky Rock

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In making your preliminary impression we use the syringe and tray method. This is primarily used to capture the peripheral turn areas better than just regular tray alginate. One such area on the maxilla is: and the mandible is?

Output: Maxilla: mylohyoid area Mandible: retromylohyoid space (lateral throat form)

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What should you tell your patient to do before the appointment when you have the final impression?

Output: INFORM THE PATIENT TO LEAVE CURRENT DENTURES OUT 12 – 24 HOURS PRIOR TO NEXT APPOINTMENT. This allows the tissues to return to as natural/physiological a shape as possible. Remember that poorly fitting dentures distort the tissues. What good are new dentures that do not fit the physiologic shape of the alveolar ridges? Answer: NONE

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the best way to combing the water and powder, when mixing alginate?

Output: Pour powder into the water

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In creating your custom tray you will place a layer of wax over the entire cast just shy of the outline of the triad base material. What is this called?

Output: Relief Wax

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What should the dimensions of the handles on the custom trays be?

Output: 2cm x 1.5cm x 0.5cm

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In constructing the custom tray you are supposed to draw a blue line and a red line. What does the blue line designate?

Output: The Peripheral Turn

False the denture provides the stability


Input: tray you are supposed to draw a blue line and a red line. What does the red line designate?

Output: The depth of the custom tray

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the distance between the peripheral turn and the depth of the custom tray?

Output: Typodont patient = 1mm REAL PATIENT = 2mm

False the denture provides the stability


Input: When trimming the triad, which line do you trim it to?

Output: red line = depth of custom tray

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In making impressions, the most common reason for having to remake the impression is:

Output: Not Positioning the Tray Properly

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What are the objectives of Border Molding?

Output: 1)To capture the physiological extent of the peripheral turn of the patient. 2)To support the light bodied impression material as it is carried into the peripheral turn

False the denture provides the stability


Input: The wax spacer is placed before contouring the triad for what reason?

Output: 1) To keep the impression tray from seating all the way while border molding 2) To create enough space for the light bodied impression material

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the intaglio surface of the tray on the denture?

Output: The inside or supporting tissue surface

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In forming the master cast, it is necessary to have an area of protection for the anatomy. This is called the land area. It should be ____ mm wide and ____mm deep from the peripheral turn to the top of the land area.

Output: 2-4mm wide 1mm deep

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the primary stress area for the mandibular denture?

Output: The buccal shelf

False the denture provides the stability


Input: On the maxilla, what is the secondary stress bearing area?

Output: (NOT the hard palate)

False the denture provides the stability


Input: How much faster does the mandible resorb than the maxilla?

Output: 4x faster

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F One of the reasons we use the centric relation record is because?

Output: It is a repeatable position

False the denture provides the stability


Input: The Vertical Dimension of Occlusion is usually ____ les than the vertical dimension of rest.

Output: 2-4mm

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What region is the vertical dimension of rest measured in?

Output: The anterior region

False the denture provides the stability


Input: After your casts have been retrieved and trimmed, you need to place remount grooves in the bases. Why do you need to place them?

Output: For properly realigning the casts on the articulator after they are removed

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F When making your wax occlusal rim it is acceptable to measure 22mm on the right lateral region of teh maxillary WOR, 18 mm on the left side of your mandibular WOR.

Output: False

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F The maxillary wax occlusal rim is contoured to give you some specific information about your patient. Two main things you are looking for are lip contour and incisal length.

Output: True

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the key theme to the neutral zone?

Output: Equalized area where the teeth rest

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Because of what we have learned about the neutral zone, you generally would want to shape the cameo surfaces of the mandibular denture to be _____ in shape.

Output: Concave

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What are the surfaces of the dentures that we need to be concerned with?

Output: a) occlusal surface b) intaglio surface c) cameo surface

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is the resorption pattern of the maxilla typically?

Output: Vertical and toward the palate

False the denture provides the stability


Input: The horizontal aspect of the seal for the maxillary denture is the ______

Output: PPS

False the denture provides the stability


Input: The fovea palatinae is usually located?

Output: Slightly anterior to the anterior vibrating line

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F The posterior vibrating line is usually 2-3 mm posterior to the anterior vibrating line in a class I throat form.

Output: False

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F In setting the maxillary anterior teeth, you want to follow a guide formula generally referred to as IMG

Output: False MIG

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F In setting the maxillary anterior teeth, the long axis of the teeth should be exactly perpendicular to the horizontal.

Output: False

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In placing the Maxillary anterior teeth you want the overjet of the maxillary anterior to be about?

Output: 1.5-2 mm

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In looking at the mandibular set up of the anterior you would want to see ____ of the lateral incisors when viewed from the intaglio surface.

Output: The Mid (IMG)

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What are the two categories of sounds that affect our work in prosthetics the most?

Output: Labiodental Linguoalveolar

False the denture provides the stability


Input: After setting the anterior teeth, you have your patient in for the try in. When you have them count from 40-50, what are you looking for?

Output: F&V sounds incisal edge touches middle of lower lip

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What category are the F & V sounds

Output: Labiodental

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Where is an epulous fissuratum most commonly seen?

Output: Facial aspect of the U or L anterior region

False the denture provides the stability


Input: The surface of an epulous fissuratum is usually?

Output: Smooth

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Although we advise our patients to remove their dentures at night, about ______% of denture patients wear them 24 hrs/day

Output: 20%

False the denture provides the stability


Input: A papillary hyperplasia usually occurs?

Output: In the palate under the maxillary denture

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Xerostomia can be caused by?

Output: Age HIV patient Medication Radiation

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F In setting denture teeth for esthetics and function it is desirable to have cuspid protected occlusion if at all possible

Output: False

False the denture provides the stability


Input: T/F In a balanced occlusion, you ideally would like to have all the teeth touch, not only in centric occlusion but also in all excursion

Output: False

False the denture provides the stability


Input: In a lingualized occlusion you would want to have?

Output: The lingual cusp of the maxillary posterior teeth in the central fossa of the mandibular posterior teeth

False the denture provides the stability


Input: The compensating curve is a combination of ____ & ____

Output: Spee Wilson

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What is a monoplane tooth?

Output: Flatter planes

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Which appointment does this happen? Clinic: Diagnosis, prognosis, treatment plan, patient evaluation. If applicable, make Preliminary impressions in alginate. If you are going to proceed to construct dentures for your patient, make sure that they leave their existing dentures out for 12-24 hours before the next appointment. This is to ensure that the tissue will be “rested” at the time of final impressions. Record in the progress notes. Lab: Pour impressions in Type II gypsum (lab plaster) Fabricate Custom impression trays.

Output: 1st appt

False the denture provides the stability


Input: Which appointment does this happen? Clinic: Border mold maxillary and mandibular custom impression trays. Make final impressions in appropriate impression material. Record the Posterior Palatal Seal area in maxillary impression. Lab: Disinfect the impressions before beading, boxing, and pouring the final impressions. Pour in Type III stone (Microstone). Trim and index casts. Fabricate record bases and wax occlusal rims. Construct face-bow mounting jig & attach bite fork.

Output: 2nd appt

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What appt does this happen? Clinic: Do facebow transfer & mount upper cast on articulator, OR mount lower cast on Stratus articulator with horizontal guide. Shape maxillary wax occlusal rim for lip contour and incisal length. Measure VDR, VDO. Shape mandibular rim. Register Centric Relation with interocclusal recording material (Regisil, etc.) Select Anterior teeth (shape, size and shade) Posterior teeth may be selected after casts are mounted. Have your patient arrange to bring in relative or close friend for next appointment. (VERY IMPORTANT!) Lab: Mount opposing cast to existing mounted cast. Select posterior teeth. Set upper anterior teeth first, then lower anterior teeth. Refine wax ready for try in with patient.

Output: 3rd appt

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What appt does this happen? Clinic: Try in of upper and lower anterior teeth. Include patient’s friend / relative in decision process. Listen to comments and alter set up where appropriate. If another appointment will be needed for the final try in, make sure that trusted friend / relative will return with your patient for final judgment before denture processing. Lab: if time permits, set lower and upper posterior teeth and complete try in (Usually this is not the case and setting the posteriors will need to be done in preparation for the next appointment). Complete posterior set-up, refine wax for final try in at the next appointment.

Output: 4th appt

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What appt does this happen? Clinic: Final try in of dentures. Final O.K. for processing from both your patient and his/her “critiquer”. Lab: Refine waxing, prepare laboratory prescription, send to lab for processing. When case returned, check over thoroughly before you see your patient.

Output: 5th appt

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What appointment does this happen? Clinic: Place and adjust dentures. Give “patient instructions”, what to expect, how to care for them, etc. Make 24 hour check appointment

Output: 6th appt

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What appt does this happen? Clinic: Check for “sore spots”, occlusion, speech, etc. Make 1 week check appointment, but advise your patient that if they need to see you before then, to call and come in.

Output: 7th appt

False the denture provides the stability


Input: What appt does this happen? Clinic: Check for everything. If all O.K…..move on to your next project. Make tentative follow-up appointment for approximately 1 year.

Output: 8th appt

False the denture provides the stability


Input: [Access] Administrative Costs

Output: The costs of billing, collections, bad debts, and medical record maintenance; more in the US than any other national health care system

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Balance Bill

Output: when providers can bill the patient directly for the remaining costs of treatment not covered by their insurance/health plan

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Capitation

Output: a payment mechanism in which all health care services are included under one set fee/covered individual (PMPM-predetermined fixed payment per member per month)

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Defensive Medicine

Output: Because of our litigious society, many practitioners prescribe additional diagnostic tests, schedule check-up visits, and maintain copious documentation; all of these additional efforts are often unnecessary, costly and inefficient

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Demand

Output: driven by the prices prevailing in the free market; increases as price is lowered

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Enrollee

Output: (member) refers to an individual covered under an insurance plan

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Free Market

Output: multiple patients (buyers) and providers (sellers) act independently; unrestrained competition must exist between providers on the basis of price and quality; patients must have information on price and quality for each provider; patients must have information about the availability of various services; patients must directly bear the cost of services received; patients make decisions as consumers about their purchases

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Global budget

Output: used to determine total health care expenditures on the national scale and to allocate the resources within the budgetary limits

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Health Plan

Output: a part of managed care which uses selected providers from whom enrollees can choose to receive routine services

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Inpatient Care

Output: Health services predominantly associated with acute care hospitals/institutions; to receive health care services, patients are temporarily confined to an institution, such as a hospital or nursing home, where they stay overnight

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Managed Care

Output: A system that combines the functions of health insurance and the actual delivery of care, where costs and utilization of services are controlled by such methods as gatekeeping, case management, and utilization review. A large variety of arrangements can fall under this rubric. It is a system of delivery that 1.seeks to achieve efficiencies through integration 2. employs mechanisms to manage utilization 3. determines the price at which services are purchased

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Medicaid

Output: The US government financed program that provides health benefits to the poor

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Medicare

Output: The US government financed program that provides health benefits to the elderly and certain disabled individuals

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Moral Hazard

Output: the tendency of individuals to use health care services to a greater extent after purchasing health insurance than before when they did not have insurance

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] National Health Insurance (NHI)

Output: The government finances health care through taxes, but it is delivered by private providers

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] National Health system (NHS)

Output: A tax-supported NHI where the government manages the infrastructure for the delivery of medical care

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Need

Output: the amount of medical care that medical experts believe a person should have to remain or become healthy

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Outpatient Care

Output: the process where health care is delivered in a non-institutional setting; health care services that are obtained without an overnight stay

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Package Pricing

Output: a bundled fee for a package of related services

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed


Input: [Access] Phantom Providers

Output: providers that charge costs not anticipated/included in the cost of a surgery, such as anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, and pathologists

Chapter One Health Policy and Management Flashcards - Cram.com

The ability of an individual to obtain health care services when needed