Input: Advertising link the material world and the world of symbolism and culture.

Output: ON ADVERTISING Why is Jhally interested in advertising, coming out of the Marxist tradition?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Political factors, not moral ones.

Output: ON ADVERTISING What is Jhally’s view driven by?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Things don’t make people happy. Social lives drive people.

Output: ON ADVERTISING What according to Jhally, have advertisers realized since the 1920s?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Deliver images of what people say they want connected to the things advertisers sell.

Output: ON ADVERTISING Why doesn’t Jhally agree with Twitchell, when he (Twitchell) says that advertisers are delivering to people what they want?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Vision of socialism used to sell commodities.

Output: ON ADVERTISING What vision does Jhally see in advertising?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Not as high on most people’s agendas as they are for those in their 50s.

Output: ON ADVERTISING Why does Twitchell think advertising excludes communal desires?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Only answered when you have a space in the culture where alternative values can be articulated.

Output: ON ADVERTISING Why doesn’t Jhally think that we can accept that advertisers reflect people’s real needs and desires?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: The academy, where discussions take place.

Output: ON ADVERTISING According to Jhally, where is the only place in the culture where there is still independent thinking going on?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: They are $30,000 in debt but know what they want to do; capitalism is to get people in debt early.

Output: ON ADVERTISING Why does Jhally think that students do not follow through on the politics they really believe in once they leave higher education?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Education provides the tools to think and understand the world. It’s up to them to figure out what to do with that.

Output: ON ADVERTISING Why does Jhally disagree with Twitchell’s claim that the media system reflects most people’s ideas and desires?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Jhally thinks it’s the outside in and Twitchell thinks it’s the articulated will of the consumer.

Output: ON ADVERTISING How do Jhally and Twitchell disagree when it comes to the question of power?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Company says it’s how you are successful in courting women.

Output: ON ADVERTISING Why does Twitchell think people buy diamonds when they know them to be worthless?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: People’s relationship with objects that defines us as humans, illustrating the power of advertising.

Output: ON ADVERTISING According to Jhally, what does the diamond example point to?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: It takes real needs and desires. REAL: it appeals. FALSE: there are no answers it provides to appeals.

Output: ON ADVERTISING According to Jhally what is real and false about advertising?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: It’s a relative state in terms of what others have at the time.

Output: ON ADVERTISING According to Jhally, why is happiness a zero-sum game?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: People make their own history, but not in condition of their own choosing.

Output: ON ADVERTISING What does Marx say about people making history?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: You get a distorted view.

Output: ON ADVERTISING According to Jhally, what happens when you look at only one side of Marx’s aphorism on making history?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Never dealt with individual needs; no one believed glamorous images from West.

Output: ON ADVERTISING According to Jhally, why did the Soviet Union fall apart?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: We collaborate in the process of advertising. We don’t quite understand how it works, but we suspend disbelief and give ourselves over to it.

Output: ON ADVERTISING Why does Twitchell think advertising is not a trick?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: He doesn't think it figures in advertising; advertising has only one moral and that is to buy stuff.

Output: ON ADVERTISING What is Twitchell’s view of morality in advertising?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Whether it tells the truth or not.

Output: ON ADVERTISING According to Jhally, what is the last way you should evaluate advertising?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Patterns that have to do with belonging, ordering, making sense.

Output: ON ADVERTISING What does Twitchell think people are after in advertising?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: “Art is whatever I say it is.”

Output: ON ADVERTISING How does Twitchell answer the question of whether advertising is art?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: More from the congregation than from behind the pulpit.

Output: ON ADVERTISING Where does Twitchell see power emanating from in religion?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Bolstering one’s brand name; the production of goods.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What idea was the gospel of the machine age?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: They were bloated, oversized, owned too much, employed too many.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What consensus emerged about corporations in the 1980’s?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Race toward weightlessness. Producing the most powerful images, as opposed to products.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What race were new companies such as Nike and Microsoft competing in?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: It requires an endless parade of brand extensions, continuously renewed imagery for marketing and, most of all, fresh new spaces to disseminate the brand's idea of itself.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What tools and materials are needed for creating a brand?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Think of the brand as the core meaning of the modem corporation, and of the advertisement as one vehicle used to convey that meaning to the world.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What is the difference between the brand and the advertisement?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Bestow proper names on generic goods.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What was the first function of branding?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: To help corporations find their soul.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD According to adman Bruce Barton what was the role of advertising?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: “Brand essence” = took the agencies away from individual products and their attributes and toward a psychological anthropological examination of what brands mean to the culture and to people's lives.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD Where did the search for the true meaning of the brand take the agencies?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: More than just a sales strategy: it was an investment in cold hard equity. The more you spend, the more your company is worth.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD Why was the purchase of Kraft by Phillip Morris spectacular news for the ad world?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Engaged in a cultural feeding frenzy to inflate brand names.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What did the radical shift in corporate philosophy towards the value of branding send manufactures to engage in?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: They’re like roaches - you spray them and spray them and they get immune after a while.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What does David Lubars call consumers?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: A phrase used to encompass the strategy of branded pieces of corporate performance art and other “happenings” – INGENIOUS GIMMICKS.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What is the “experiential communication” industry?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: A sudden announcement from Phillip Morris to slash prices 20% in an attempt to compete with bargain brands.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What happened on “Marlboro Friday”?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Years of anxiety in the face of dramatic shifts in consumer habits that we seen as eroding the market share of household names.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What was “Marlboro Friday” a culmination of?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Seemed smarter to put resources in price reductions and other incentives than into expensive ad campaigns.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What happened to corporate strategy as a result of the bargain craze of the early nineties?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Not just death of brand, but corporate death as well.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD According to the agencies what would competing on the basis of real value lead to?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Integrated the ideas of branding into the very fabric of companies; became cultural accessories and cultural philosophies. Escalated the brand crisis by not being phased.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD How did companies such as Coke, Pepsi, McDonald’s, Burger King and Disney respond to the brand crisis?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Made their brand concept into a virus and sent it out in the culture via a variety of channels: sponsorship, controversy, experience, brand extensions, etc.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD How did The Body Shop and Starbucks foster powerful brand identities?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Emotional ties.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD According to Scott Bedbury what must brands establish?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Ad = about promoting a product. Brand = corporate transcendence.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What is the difference between advertising and branding?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: The products that will flourish in the future will be the ones presented not as commodities, but as concepts: the brand experience, as a lifestyle.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What was the new consensus that developed as a result of the success of the brand builders?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Free to soar; less as the disseminator of goods or services than as collective hallucinations.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD How do brands present themselves on-line?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Top half: pure players in brainware (Coke, Microsoft, Disney) Bottom half: lumpy object-purveyors.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD How does Tom Peters separate types of companies?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: On their ability to act as “brand stewards”: identifying, articulating, and protecting their corporate soul.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD In the new context how did ad agencies present themselves to their clients?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Not to sell shoes, but to enhance people’s live through sports and fitness. To keep the manic of sports alive.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What does Phil Knight think Nike’s mission is?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: A social lubricant.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD According to John Hegarty, what is Polaroid?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: The original notion of the brand was quality, but now the brand is a stylistic badge of courage.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD How does Tibor Kalman sum up the shifting role of the brand?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Reputation; attributes not related directly to one product, but to a set of values.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD According to Richard Branson, what do you build brands around?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: Less in business of manufacturing clothes than of signing his name.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD What is Tommy Hilfiger in the business of?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: One brand, many different products.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD According to Paul Otellini, how is Intel like Coke?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: An endless variety of commodities traditionally considered immune to the process.

Output: NEW BRANDED WORLD According to Sam Hill, Jack McGrath and Sandeep Dayal what can also be branded?

ADVERTISING AS RELIGION What secret did capitalism discover that previous modes of production had not?


Input: [1] A vowel produced with the tongue positioned toward the back of the mouth. [2]

Output: Back Vowel


Input: [1] A vowel produced with the tongue positioned in the center of the mouth; for example, the first vowel in upon. [2]

Output: Central Vowel


Input: [1] A vowel located at any one of the four points of the vowel quadrilateral [2]

Output: Corner or point vowel


Input: [1] Partial loss of r coloring from a normally rhotacized vowel [2]

Output: Derhotaciazation


Input: [1] a vowel-like sound that serves as a syllable nucleus and involves a gradual transition from one vowel articulation (onglide) to another (offglide) [2]

Output: Dipthong


Input: [1] Alteration of a pure vowel (or monophthong) to a dynamic articulation of changing vowel quality. [2]

Output: Diphthongization


Input: [1] A vowel produced with the tongue positioned near the front of the mouth. [2]

Output: Front vowel


Input: [1] A vowel produced with the tongue in a high (superior) position [2]

Output: High Vowel


Input: [1] A vowel that is relatively short in duration as is assumed to be produced with a relatively relaxed vocal tract musculature. [2]

Output: Lax or short vowel


Input: [1] A vowel produced with the tongue in a low (inferior) position [2]

Output: Low vowel


Input: [1] a pure vowel; that is, a vowel of essentially unchanging phonetic quality throughout its duration [2]

Output: Monophthong


Input: [1] Alteration of a diphthong to a pure vowel; that is, loss of the dynamic phonetic quality of a dipthong [2]

Output: Monophthongization


Input: [1] A vowel produced with nasal resonances, usually because of an open velopharnyx [2]

Output: nasalized vowel


Input: [1] the terminal vowel or vocal tracct shape of a diphthong [2]

Output: offglide


Input: [1] onglide [2]

Output: the initial vowel or vocal tract shape of a diphthong


Input: [1] System [2]

Output: A set of interacting units or component parts that together make up a whole arrangement or organization.


Input: [1] Cohabitating [2]

Output: The living arrangement of an unmarried heterosexual couple as an alternative to marriage.


Input: [1] Single-Parent-led families [2]

Output: A family led by a single custodial parent, most often a woman, due to divorce, death of a spouse, desertion, or never having married.


Input: [1] Nuclear Family [2]

Output: A family composed of a husband, wife, and their offspring, living together as a family unit.


Input: [1] Stepfamily [2]

Output: A linked family system created by the marriage of two persons, one or both of whom has been previously married, in which one or more children form the earlier marriage lives with the remarried couple.


Input: [1] Postmodern [2]

Output: A philosophical outlook rejecting the notion that there exists an objectively knowable universe discoverable by impartial science, and instead arguing that there are multiple views of reality ungoverned by universal law.


Input: [1] Psychopathology [2]

Output: A disease concept derived from medicine, referring to the origins of abnormal behavior.


Input: [1] Interpersonal [2]

Output: Interactional, as between persons


Input: [1] Monad [2]

Output: Properties or characteristics of a single individual.


Input: [1] Dyad [2]

Output: A liaison, temporary or permanent, between two persons.


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Standing Requirements

Output: Injury, Causation & Redressability. P must show direct & personal injruy. There must be a connection between the injury and the conduct complained of and a decision in the Ps favor must be capable of eliminating her grievance.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Congressional Conferral of Standing

Output: Congress can't eliminate the case or controversy requirement. Can't extend the scope of federal judicial powers

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Standing under a government statute

Output: A P can enforce a federal statute if she is within the zone of interests Congress meant to protect.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Standing to Assert the rights of others

Output: Not generally allowed. But if a person has a claim in her own right they may assert the rights of another party when either 1) it is difficult for the third party to assert their own rights or 2) a special realthioship exists between the claimant and the third party.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Standing of Organizations

Output: 1) injury in fact to members that gives them the right to sue on their own behalf 2) injury is related to organizations purpose 3) individual participation in lawsuit is not required.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Citizenship & Taxpayer Standing

Output: No claims as citizens & no taxpayer standing with the exception of attacking taxing and spending on Establishment Clause grounds.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Abstention Doctrine

Output: A federal court may abstain from 1) resolving a constituional question when it turns on unsettled question of state law or when 2) state criminal proceedings are pending (unless there is harassment or bad faith).

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Political Question

Output: Issues that are constituionally committed to another branch of government. Hallmark Examples: Republican Form of Government President's foreign policy Impeachment/removal Partisan Gerrymander Quals of elected officials The court can act on questions such as legislative apporitonment & production of presidential papers.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] 11th Amendment

Output: Prohibits federal courts from hearing a private party or foreign government's claim against a state government. Also SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY bars an action by a state government in state court, unless the state consents. Exceptions: State can waive Congress can pass laws that allow suit under 14A Fed Gov can sue State Gov Bankruptcy proceedings Can instead sue state officers.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Actions against state officers

Output: 1) can seek to enjoin an officer from conduct that violates Const/laws or 2) sue for damages against an officer personally.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Ripeness/Mootness

Output: Ripeness - there must be some harm or immediate threat of harm. (potential statute does not qualify) Mootness - won't consider a resovled matter unles 1) capable of repetition, but evading review 2) volutary stopping but free to resume 3) class actions when the representative's issue is moot but other's arent.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Supreme Court Review

Output: 1) Cert - discretion - rule of 4 2) Mandatory review for decisions of 3 judge panel in federal district court - case skips court of appeals 3) exclusive JX for suits between states & ambassadors (concurrent w/ other feds)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] What can congress regulate under the commerce power?

Output: 1) Channels of interstate commerce 2) Instrumentalities of interstate commerce (persons and things) 3) Activities that have a substantial effect on interstate commerce. A court will uphold a regualtion on an entirely intrastate activity if it is an economic or commercial activity and the court can concieve or a rational basis under which Congresss could find the activity in aggregate affects interstate commerce. But, if it is noncommercial and non economic, Congress must show a substantial economic effect.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Congressional Authority to Act under the police power

Output: Only MILD police powers - Military, Indians, Lands and DC.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Taxing power

Output: The tax must either 1) bear a reasonable relationship to revenue production or 2) Congress should have the power to regulate the activity being taxed.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Spending power

Output: for the general welfare - congress can dispose of property.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Congress - War Power limitations

Output: 1) Congress cannot deny habeas corpus review to aliens detained as enemy combatants without a meaningful substitute for review. 2) American civilians may be tried by military courts under martial law only if actual war forces the courts to shut down.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Congress - power over citizenship

Output: Can establish uniform rules. Can deny aliens entry because of their political beliefs. However resident aliens are entitled to notice and a hearing before they can be deported. Congress cannot deprive someone of citizenship without their consent.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Delegation of Legislative Power

Output: Must set intelligible standards and it must not be a power that is confied to Congress under the Constitution.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Speech and Debate Clause

Output: Conduct in the course of the federal legislative process is immune from prosecution. Immunity doesn't cover bribes, speeches outside of Congress, republication in a press release.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Presidential appointment powers

Output: Preident appoints with advice and consent of teh enate. Congress can vest appointment of inferiror officers in the president, the courts or the heads of departments but congress cannot give itself this power. Removal is entirely up to the president, unless statutory limitations for good cause in certain job titles that require it. Congress can only remove through impeachment.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Pardon power

Output: all FEDERAL offenses. Cannot be limited by Congress. Doesn't include civil contempt, even where jail time exists.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] President's power as Chief Executive (Steel Seizure Framework)

Output: 1) Authority is at it's maximum when Pres acts with express or implied consent from Congress 2) when Congress is silent Pres power will be upheld unless it interferes with sep of powers 3) President acts against the will of congress his action is likely invalid.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Executive Privilege/Immunity

Output: Priviledge - to keep confidential communications secret. In criminal proceedings, prosecution can demonstrate need. Immunity - absolute immunity for civil damages based on action Pres takes in his official responsibility. Extends to presidential aides w/ discretionary authority.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Preemption

Output: 1) If a state or local law prevents acheivement of a federal objective it is invalid. 2) If a federal statute expressly or impliedly occupys the entire field this precludes any reguatlion even if it is non conflicting. Courts presume police powers are not superseeded unless that is the clear purpose of Congress

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Interstate Compact Clause

Output: An agreement between states that increases their powers at the expense of federal powers must have Congressional approval.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Full Faith and Credit requirements

Output: 1) JX 2) on the merits 3) final judgment

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Intersovereign Litigation

Output: 1) U.S. can sue a state without it's consent 2) U.S. government must give consent to be sued by a state 3) A suit against a federal officer is brought against the U.S. if the judgment would be satisifed out of the treasury or if it interfers with public adminsitraiton. However, specific relief against an officer as an individual is allowed if the officer acted ultra vires. 4) State may sue another state in the S.C. without consent.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Can the Federal Government tax or regulate state and/or local governmental activities?

Output: Only if both the public sector and the private sector are regulated (ex: minimum wage). Regulating or taxing only the state would be limited by the 10th amendment. Exception - Congress can restrict state activities that violate civil rights. Exception - Congress can regulate states trhough the spending power.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Commandeering State Officials

Output: Congress may not require state executive officials to enforce federal laws.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Can the state tax/regulate the federal government?

Output: No, not without the consent of congress. However, nondiscriminatory, indirect taxes are permissible if they don't unreasonably burden the federal government (income tax on federal employees).

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Article IV - Priviledges and Immunities

Output: Only protects people not corps/aliens. Prohibits discrimination by a state against a nonresident. Only fundamental rights and civil liberties are protected. Subject to "Substantial justification" for the different treatment. State must show that nonresidents cause/contribute to the problem and that there are no less restrictive means of solving the problem. Consider Dormant Commerce Clause when using P&I

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Priviledges and Immnities - 14th Amendment

Output: States cannot deny citizens the P & I of NATIONAL citizenship. Essentially right to travel, vote for federal officers, petition Congress for redress

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Dormant Commerce Clause

Output: Facially Discriminatory & unduely burdensome it is invalid unless 1) Market participant 2) furthers an important, noneconomic state interst & no reasonable nondiscrimintaory alternatives or 3) law favors government performing traditional government functions If non facially discriminatory - does it still place a burden on interstate commerce. If so, it is invalid unless the states interest outweighs the burden. Actions under the DCC can be brought by an alien or a corporation.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Bill of Rights, those not extended to states

Output: 3rd/Quartering 5th/grand jury 7th/jury in civil 8th/excessive fines

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] 13th amendment

Output: Prohibits slavery & involuntary servitude. Under enabling Clause, Congress can prohibit racially discriminatory action by ANYONE (the government or a private citizen)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] 14th Amendment - Due Process, Esp. Section 5

Output: Only involves state action. Section 5 gives Congress power to adopt legislation to enforce the 14th. They may not expand rights or create new ones, but they may adopt legislation that is "congruent and proportional" to remdying a violation of rights.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Commerce Clause & racial discrimination

Output: Congress can use the substantial effect on interstate commerce prong to limit private racial discrimination.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Rights of National Citizenship

Output: Right to assemble, travel and petition Congress

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] When can private action constitute state action?

Output: When either individuals 1) perform exclusive public functions or 2) have significant state involvment (when a state affirmatively facilitiates discrimination/enforcing a discriminatory covenant)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Contract Clause

Output: Prohibits sates from enacting a law that retroactively impairs contract rights. If a federal issue, look at due process (5th amendment). Contract Clause doesn't apply to Feds. 1) state legistlation that substantially impairs an existing contract is invalud unless it 1) serves and important and legitimate public interest and 2) it is a reasonable and narrowly tailored means. STRICTER SCRUTINY when the state is a party.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Procedural Due Process (General Rule)

Output: A fair process (notice & hearing) is required for a gov't to take a person's life, liberty or property. Must e intentional or "shock the conscience." Balancing Test...(on another card)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Deprivation of LIberty

Output: loss of freedom of action or statutory freedom 1) Except in an emergency, before an adult can be instituionalized, there must be notice and a hearing 2) When a child is institutionalized by a parent, only a screening by a neutral fact finder 3) Harm to reputation is not loss of liberty

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Deprivation of Property

Output: An entitlement, where there is a reasonable expectation of continued benefit (welfare benefits)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Balancing Test for Procedural Due Process

Output: 1) Importance of the interest to the individual 2) government's interests in efficiency/money 3) The ability of additonal procedures to increase the accuracy of fact finding.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Government Fees & Indigent Plaintiffs

Output: When government fees would deny a fundamental right, the fee must be waived. (marriage, divorce, filing fee for election)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] The Taking Clause, in general

Output: 5th amendment - The government may take private property for public use if it provides just compensation.

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Takings attack

Output: 1) Is there a taking? 2) Is it for public use? 3) Has just compensation been paid?

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] When a taking exists?

Output: 1) posessory taking or 2) reulatory taking that leave no reasonalbe econoically viable use of the property

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Defining public use

Output: Very broadly defined - so long as the government acts out of a reasonable belief that the taking will benefit the public

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Measuring just compensation

Output: Measured in terms of loss to the owner. (Fair market value)

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: [Is a case justiciable?] Takings, Special Rules

Output: 1) Government conditions on devleopment must be justified by a benefit that is proportionate to the burden or it is a taking. 2) a property owner may bring a takings challenge to regs that existed before they owned teh property 3) temporary deprivation is not a taking if the action is reasonable

Must be a viable case or controvery including: Standing Eleventh Amendment Abstention/Political Question Ripeness/Mootness


Input: Required the reporting of suspected MAL of vulnerable adults, to provide for the voluntary reporting of MAL of v.adults, to require the investigation of the reports, and to provide protective and counseling services in appropriate cases.

Output: MAL of Vulnerable adults- Guidelines 2

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A mandated reporter who has reason to believe that a v.adult is being or has been MAL, or who has knowledge that a v.adult has sustained a phys. injury which is not reasonable explained shall immediately report the info. to the Common entry point (located in every county in MN)

Output: Timing of report

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A reporter is not required to report suspected MAL of the ind. from prior to admission UNLESS: if belief v.adult was MAL at prior facility; Ind. knows they are a v.adult; no report if already reported; nothing in this section shall preclude an ind. from reporting v.adult MAL to common entry pt.

Output: Reporting Prior to Admission to facility

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: If there has been an error in receiving medical tx. that a v.adult receives an injury or harm

Output: Reporting will happen

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. circumstance where federal law specifically prohibits a person for disclosing patient id. info. in connection w/ a report or suspected MAL, unless the v.adult or guardian has consented to disclose in legal matter; 2.verbal of phys. aggression occurring bwtn patients, residents, or clients of facility, or self-abusive bx. by these persons does not constitute abuse unless the bx. causes serious harm; 3. accidents; 4. Events occurring in a facility that result from an ind.'s error in the provision of therapeutic conduct to a v.adult; 5. nothing shall be construed to require a report of $ exploitation, solely on the basis of the transfer of $ or property by gift or compensation for services rendered

Output: Report NOT required

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mandated reported shall immediately oral report to the common entry pt. (may not require written report)

Output: Reporting

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Id. v.adult, caregiver, the nature and extent of the suspected MAL, any evidence of previous MAL, the name and address or reporter, time, date, and the location of the incident and anything else reporter think may be important

Output: Reporting Content

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Facility shall establish and enforce an ongoing written procedure in compliance with applicable licensing rules to ensure that all cases of suspected MAL are reported; internal reporting may or may not report to the common entry pt. but will notify mandated reporter; facility may not prohibit report to an external common entry pt. in good faith

Output: Internal reporting of MAL

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A person who makes a good faith report is immune to any civil or criminal liability that might otherwise result from making the report, or participating in the investigation , or for failure to comply fully with the reporting obligation

Output: Immunity; Protection to reporters

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A person or facility who intentionally makes a false report shall be liable in a civil suit for any actual damages suffered by the reported facility, person or persons and for punitive damages up to 10k and attorney fees

Output: Falsified reports

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A mandated reporter who negligently or intentionally fails to report is liable for damages caused by the failure. Nothing in this section imposes vicarious liability for the acts or omissions of others

Output: Failure to report

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: NO evidence regarding the MAL of the v.adult shall be excluded in any proceeding arising out of the alleged MAL on the grounds of lack of competency

Output: Evidence not privileged

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Upon request of reporter the lead investigation unit shall notify the reporter that is has received the report and provide info. on the initial disposition of the report w/in 5 business days of receipt of the report, provided that the notification will not endanger the v.adult or hamper the investigation

Output: Lead investigation agency; notifications, dispositions, determines

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Act against a v.adult that constitutes a violation of, an attempt to violate, or aiding and abetting a violation of: assault in the 1-5 degrees; the use of drugs to injure or facilitate crime; the solicitation, inducement, and promotion of prostitution; criminal sexual conduct in the 1-5.

Output: Abuse

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1.hitting, slapping, kicking, biting, corporal punishment; 2. use of repeated or malicious oral, written, or gestured lang toward v.adult or tx which would be considered disparaging, derogatory, humiliating, harassing, or threatening; 3.any use of aversive or deprivation procedure, unreasonable confinement, involuntary seclusion including forced separation from persons against will of v.adult; 4.any aversive or deprivation procedures for persons with developmental disabilities or related conditions not authorized; any sexual contact or penetration bwtn staff and v.adult; abuse does not count when refusing to consent; no spiritual or prayer needs unless consistent with the tx

Output: Conduct that is not accident or therapeutic which produces or could reasonably be expected to produce phys. pain or injury or emotional distress includes:

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: for the reason if the v.adult is not impaired engages in sexual conduct with a staff member or other persons; when consensual existed prior to the caregiving relationship; PCA regardless of whether the consensual sexual personal relationship existed prior to the caregiving relationship

Output: Not abused

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A sudden, unforeseen, unexpected occurrence or event with: is not likely to occur and which could not have been prevented by exercise of due care; if occurring while a v.adult is receiving services from a facility, happens when the facility and the employee or person providing services in the facility are in compliance with the laws and rules relevant to the occurrence or event

Output: Accident

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An ind. or facility who has responsibility for the care for a v.adult as a result of a family relationship or who has assumed responsibility for all or a portion of the care of a c.adult voluntarily, by contract, or by agreement

Output: Caregiver

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the entity designated by each county responsible for receiving reports of MAL of v.adults

Output: Common entry point

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Preponderance of the evidence shows that an act that meets the definition of MAL did not occur

Output: False

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The determination of an investigation by a lead investigative agency that a report of MAL is substantiated, inconclusive, false, or that no determination will be made. If substantial will make known the alleged perps of MAL

Output: Final Disposition

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: in a breach of a fiduciary obligation recognized elsewhere in law, including pertinent regulations, contractual obligations, documented consent by a competent person or the obligations of a responsible party.

Output: Financial Exploitation

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Person: engages in unauthorized expenditure of funds entrusted to the actor by the v.adult which results or likely to detriment the adult; 2.Fails to use $ resources of the v.adult to provide food, clothing, shelter, health care, therapeutic conduct or supervision for the v.adult and the failure results to detriment to v.adult;

Output: Financial Exploitation Criteria

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1. willfully uses, w/holds, or disposes of funds or property of a v.adult; 2.obtains for the actor or another the performance of services by a 3rd person for the wrongful profit or advantage of the actor or another to the detriment of the v.adult; 3.acquires possession or control of or an interest in funds, or property of a v.adult trough the used of undue influence, harassment, duress, deception, or fraud; 4.Forces, compels, coerces, or entices, a v.adult against the v.adult's will to perform services for the profit or advantage of another

Output: Financial Exploitation Criteria: In the absence of legal authority a person

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Nothing in Financial exploitation definition requires a facility or caregiver to provide $ management or supervise $ management for a v.adult except as otherwise required by law

Output: Financial Management service

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ASAP; but no longer than a 24 hours from the time initial knowledge that the incident occurred has been received

Output: Immediately

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: There is less than a preponderance of evidence to show that MAL did or did not occur

Output: Inconclusive

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the lead investigation agency's determination of whether the report will be assigned for further investigation

Output: Initial disposition

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Abuse as defined by neglect or $ exploitation

Output: Maltreatment

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Failure or omission by a caregiver to supply a v.adult with care or services, including not limited to food, clothing, shelter, health care, supervision which is; reasonable and necessary to obtain or maintain the v.adult's phys. or mental health of safety considering the phys.or mental capacity of dysfunction of the v.adult; which is not the result of an accident or therapeutic conduct

Output: Neglect (A)

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Absence of likelihood of absence of care of services not limited to food, clothing, shelter, health care, supervision necessary to maintain the phys. and mental health of v.adult which a reasonable person would deem essential to obtain or maintain the v.adult's health, safety, or comfort considering the phys. or mental capacity or dysfunction of the v.adult

Output: Neglect (B)

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1.v.adult or persons sig. refuses consent or w/draws consent, consistent with that authority and w/in the boundary of reasonable medical practice to any mental health condition; 2.v.adult/CT to consent to or refuse therapeutic conduct, or caregiver to offer or provide or refuse to offer therapeutic services; in good faith rely on spiritual means for tx. instead of medical care if consistent with prior tx of adult; v.adult who is not impaired in judgement or capacity mental or emotional or undue influence has sexual contact; personal care attendant; ind. makes error in the provision of therapy that does result in injury or does result in injury; care is provided in timely fashion; after getting care the v.adult health status is reasonably expected; error is not part of a pattern of errors by ind.; error is reported ASAP, internally; facility works to reduce error for future; documented throughly; does not let caregiver provide services outside competence

Output: Neglect (C) V.adult is NOT neglected for the sole reason if:

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Statement concerning all the circumstances surrounding the alleged or suspected MAL of a v.adult which are known to the reporter at the time statement is made

Output: Report

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Preponderance of the evidence shows that an act that meets the definition of MAL occurred

Output: Substantiated

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The provision of a program services, health care, or other personal care services done in good faith in the interests of the v.adult; By MFt or caregiver

Output: Therapeutic Conduct

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any person 18yrs.old or older: receives services at facility, EXCEPT a person receiving tx. for mental illness or in sexual psychopathic personality; gets services from home are provider; THAT IMPAIRS THE IND.'S ABILITY TO PROVIDE ADEQUATELY FOR THE IND.'S OWN CARE W/OUT ASSISTANCE INCLUDING THE PROVISION OF FOOD, SHELTER, CLOTHING, HEALTH CARE, OR SUPERVISION; b/c of dysfunction or infirmity and the need for care or services, the ind. has an impaired ability to protect the ind's self from MAL

Output: Vulnerable Adult

Mandate Vulnerable Adults Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Kidneys [2]

Output: two structures on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood & secrete impurities, forming urine.

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cortex [2]

Output: outer part of the kidneys cortex = bark

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hilum [2]

Output: indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Medulla [2]

Output: inner part of the kidney

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] calyces (calises) [2]

Output: system of ducts carrying urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Nephron [2]

Output: microscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each capable of forming urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Glomerulus [2]

Output: little ball shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Bowman's capsule [2]

Output: top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Renal Tubule [2]

Output: stem portion of the nephron

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Ureter [2]

Output: tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] renal pelvis [2]

Output: basin like portion of the ureter within the kidney

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Uteropelvic Junction [2]

Output: point of connection between the renal pelvis and ureter

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urinary bladder [2]

Output: sac that holds urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urethra [2]

Output: single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urethral meatus [2]

Output: opening in the urethra to the outside of the body

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urine [2]

Output: fluid produced by the kidneys containing water and waste products

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urea [2]

Output: waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] creatinine [2]

Output: waste product of muscle metabolism filtered out of the blood by kidneys and excreted in urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] albuminuria or proteinuria [2]

Output: presence of albumin in the urine; occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] anuria [2]

Output: absence of urine formation

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] bacteriuria [2]

Output: presence of bacteria in the urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] dysuria [2]

Output: painful urination

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] enuresis [2]

Output: to void urine; involuntary discharge of the urine, most often refers to a lack of bladder control

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nocturnal enuresis [2]

Output: bed wetting during sleep

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] hematuria [2]

Output: presence of blood in the urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] glucosuria [2]

Output: presence of glucose in the urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] incontinence [2]

Output: involuntary discharge of urine of feces

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] stress urinary incontinence [2]

Output: involutary discharge of urine during a cough, sneeze, and/or strained exercise

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ketonuria [2]

Output: presence of ketone bodies in the urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ketone compounds [2]

Output: acetone, beta-hydrobutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid are products of metabolism that appear in the urine as a result of an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nocturia [2]

Output: urination at night

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] oliguria [2]

Output: scanty production of urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] polyuria [2]

Output: condition of excessive urination

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pyuria [2]

Output: presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urinary retention [2]

Output: retention of urine owing to the inability to void naturally because of spasm, obstruction, etc

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) [2]

Output: inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] glomerulonephritis [2]

Output: form of nephritis involving the glomerulus

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] hydronephrosis [2]

Output: dilation and pooling of urine in the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys caused by an obstruction of the outflow of urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nephritis [2]

Output: inflammation of the kidney

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pyelonephritis [2]

Output: inflammation of the renal pelvis

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nephrosis [2]

Output: degenerative disease of the renal tubules

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nephrolithiasis [2]

Output: presence of mineral stones in the kidneys commonly caused by hyperuricuria or hypercalciuria

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cystitis [2]

Output: inflammation of the bladder

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urethritis [2]

Output: inflammation of the urethra

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urethrocystitis [2]

Output: inflammation of the urethra and bladder

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urethral stenosis [2]

Output: narrowed condition of the urethra (sten/o = narrow)

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) [2]

Output: invasion of pathogenic organisms in the structures of the urinary tract, especially in the urethra and bladder

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] uremia or azotemia [2]

Output: excessive urea and nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cystometrogram [2]

Output: record that measures urinary volume, bladder pressure, and capacity to evaluate urinary dysfunction such as incontinence

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cystoscopy [2]

Output: examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] kidney biopsy or renal biopsy (Bx) [2]

Output: removal of kidney tissue for pathological examination

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] intravenous pyelogram or intravenous urogram (IVP) [2]

Output: x-ray of the urinary tract after iodine is injected into the bloodstream and as the contrast passes through the kidney, revealing obstruction, evidence of trauma, etc

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Kidney, Ureter, Bladder (KUB) [2]

Output: abdominal x-ray of kidney, ureter, and bladder typically used as a scout before IVP

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] scout film [2]

Output: plain x-ray to detect pathologies before further imaging

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] renal angiogram or arteriogram [2]

Output: x-ray of the renal artery made after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] retrograde pyelogram (RP) [2]

Output: x-ray of upper urinary tract to detect presence of stones or obstruction

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] voiding cystourethrogram (VCU or VCUG) [2]

Output: x-ray of urethra and bladder taken during urination

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] abdominal sonogram [2]

Output: ultrasound of the urinary tract including the kidney, ureters, and bladder

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urinalysis [2]

Output: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] specific gravity (SpGr) [2]

Output: kidneys ability to concentrate or dilute urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pH (urinalysis) [2]

Output: the measurement of acidity or alkalinity of the urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] glucose (urinalysis) [2]

Output: chemical test to see if glucose is present in the urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] albumin or protein (urinalysis) [2]

Output: chemical test to see if albumin or protein is in the urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ketones (urinalysis) [2]

Output: ketone detection in the urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] occult blood, urine [2]

Output: chemical test of hidden blood in the urine resulting from hemolysis indicates bleeding in the kidneys (occult = hidden)

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] bilirubin (urinalysis) [2]

Output: chemical test for bilirubin in the urine seen in gallbladder and liver disease

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urobilinogen (urinalysis) [2]

Output: chemical test for bile pigment in the urine seen excessively in gallbladder and liver disease

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nitrite (urinalysis) [2]

Output: chemical test for bacteria in the urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] microscopic findings (urinalysis) [2]

Output: microscopic indentification of abnormal constituents in the urine as per high or low power field

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urine culture & sensitivity (C&S) [2]

Output: isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium that propagates the growth of microscopic organisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, and drugs to which they are sensitive to are listed

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] blood urea nitrogen (BUN) [2]

Output: blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood; a high BUN indicates the kidney's inability to excrete urea

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] creatinine, serum [2]

Output: test for level of creatinine in the blood; useful in assessing kidney function

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] creatinine, urine [2]

Output: test for level of creatinine in urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] creatinine clearance testing [2]

Output: measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and a 24 hour urine specimen to determine the rate of creatinine cleared from the blood by the kidneys

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urologic endoscopic surgery [2]

Output: use of specialized endoscopes within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] resectoscope [2]

Output: urologic endoscope sent through the urethra to resect lesions of the bladder urethra or prostate

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] intracorporeal lithotripsy [2]

Output: method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using electrical energy discharges transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nephrotomy [2]

Output: incision into kidneys

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nephrorraphy [2]

Output: suture of kidney

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nephrolithotomy [2]

Output: incision to remove kidney stones

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] nephrectomy [2]

Output: excision of the kidney

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pyeloplasty [2]

Output: reconstruction of the renal pelvis

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] stent placement [2]

Output: use of a device to hold open vessels or tubes

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] kidney transplantation or renal transplantation [2]

Output: transfer of a kidney from the body of one person to another

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] urinary diversion [2]

Output: creation of a temporary or permanent diversion to pass urine outside of the body

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy [2]

Output: procedure using ultrasound to penetrate the body from outside and bombard and disintergrate a stone within

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] kidney dialysis [2]

Output: methods of filtering impurities from the blood to replace the function of one or both kidneys due to renal failure

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] hemodialysis [2]

Output: method to remove impurities by pumping the patient's blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] peritoneal dialysis [2]

Output: method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; catheter insertion in the peritoneal cavity is required to deliver cleansing fluid that is washed in and out of in cycles

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] analgesic [2]

Output: drug that relieves pain

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] antibiotic [2]

Output: drug that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] antispasmodic [2]

Output: drug that relieves spasms

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] diuretic [2]

Output: drug that increases the secretion of urine

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] BUN [2]

Output: Blood Urea Nitrogen

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] C&S [2]

Output: urine Culture & Sensitivity

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] IVP [2]

Output: IntraVenous Pyelogram

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] KUB [2]

Output: Kidney Ureter Bladder

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] UA [2]

Output: UrinAlysis

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] UTI [2]

Output: Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary System Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] 4 things of emotional system of brain

Output: Intuition Results in a “good” or “bad” feeling Faster: automatic and effortless Associated with somatic (body) states (e.g., sweating)

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Two parts of brain that emotional system covers

Output: Involves amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Cognitive system in brain

Output: Effortful Reasoning and Cognitive Control Utilitarian (considers costs vs. benefits) Slower: uses attention and working memory Resolves conflict when reason and emotion don’t agree Suppress inappropriate or unwanted automatic behavior

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Two parts of brain for cognitive system

Output: Involves lateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Head injuries cause

Output: ventromedial prefrontal damage

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] In the lab...

Output: Patients with ventromedial damage fail to show anticipatory sweating when contemplating a decision with negative consequences

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Two roles of amygdala

Output: Role in emotional learning and responses, especially to aversive stimuli (fear) Role in perception of fearful facial expressions Lack of a fear response through conditioning or explicit learning Difficulty with Fearful Facial Expressions

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Responsibilities of cog system

Output: Detecting conflict between automatic and effortful processes Overcoming conflict Suppressing Inappropriate/automatic Behavior

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Evidence of cog system

Output: Anterior cingulate cortex and lateral PFC activity when there is high response conflict and errors`

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Greene test results

Output: Experiment 1 Results Personal vs. impersonal: Activation of ventromedial PFC and amygdala (emotion) areas during personal moral dilemmas. People treat these dilemmas differently because the personal dilemma evokes an emotional response.

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Personal and impersonal

Output: Personal: Pushing the big guy over the bridge to stop the train Impersonal: Hitting the switch so the train hits the man

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Theory of psychopaths

Output: Psychopaths lack a healthy emotional system that would normally make it aversive to harm others

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Two systems in brain] Results of psychopath tests

Output: fMRI response of Psychopaths in Moral Dilemma task Reduced amygdala activity in psychopaths, correlated with psychopathy score Glenn, Raine, & Schug, 2009

PSYCH 240-Lecture 23 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: episodic memory

Output: the memory system concerned concerned with personally experienced events

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: semantic memory

Output: the memory system concerned with knowledge of words, concepts, and their relationships

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: recency bias versus primacy bias

Output: a tendency to recall experiences from the recent past compared to a tendency to recall experiences from the relatively distant past

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: procedural memory

Output: the memory system concerned with knowing how to do things

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: tacit knowledge

Output: knowing how to do something without being able to say exactly what it is that you know

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: explicit knowledge

Output: knowing that something is the case

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: anoetic, noetic, and autonoetic

Output: three levels of consciousness corresponding to procedural, semantic, and episodic memory systems

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: prefrontal leucotomy

Output: a surgical procedure whereby the connections between the prefrontal lobes and other parts of the brain are severed

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: evolution of memory

Output: ways in which memory systems possibly evolved include natural selection exaptation and the baldwin effect

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: chronosthesia

Output: our subjective sense of time

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: butcher-on-the-bus phenomenon

Output: a feeling of knowing a person without being able to remember the circumstances of any previous meeting or anything else about the person

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: implicit memory

Output: memory without episodic awareness-the expression of previous experiences without conscious recollection of the prior episode

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: method of opposition

Output: pitting conscious (explicit) and unconscious (implicit) tendencies against one another

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: perceptual representation system

Output: the memory system containing very specific representations of events that is hypothesized to be responsible for priming effects

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: mental chronometry

Output: measuring how long cognitive processes take

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: moses illusion

Output: people who will respond to questions with embedded errors by assuming a piece of learning that is irrelevant, for example, by answering the question how many animals of each kind did moses take on the ark? by saying two

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: spreading activation

Output: searching a semantic network activates paths spreading from the node at which the search begins

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: involuntary semantic memory (mind popping)

Output: whenever semantic memory pops into your mind without episodic context

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: propositional network

Output: a network that specifies the relations between a set of concepts

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: fan effect

Output: the more a person knows about a particular concept, the longer it takes to recognize specific information about it.

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: phenological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad

Output: temporary stores of linguistic and non-verbal information, respectively.

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: episodic buffer

Output: the ability to move information both to and from episodic and long-term memory

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: fluid systems

Output: cognitive processes that manipulate information

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: crystallized systems

Output: cognitive systems that accumulate long-term knowledge

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: working memory

Output: the temporary storage and manipulation of information that is necessary for various cognitive activities

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: central executive

Output: the function of the brain that co-ordinates information that may be represented in the subsystems of working memory

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: excitatory and inhibitory connections

Output: a neural network is made up of connections that either enhance or diminish the associations between units

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: associative deficit hypothesis

Output: older adults have a deficiency in creating and retrieving links between single units of information

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: Korsakoff's syndrome

Output: a form of amnesia typically due to chronic alcoholism combined with thiamine efficiency

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: disconnection syndrome

Output: amnesiac patients may be able to acquire new information and yet not be aware of the fact that learning has taken place

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: prospective memory

Output: the intention to remember to do something at some future time

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: method of vanishing cues

Output: amnesiac participants learned the meaning of computer commands by being presented with definitions of the commands and fragments of the command's names. Additional letters were presented until the participant guessed the word. Then letters were progressively removed until the patient was unable to gibe the name of the command upon being presented with its definition

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: errorless learning

Output: the subject in a learning situation is allowed only to perform the task correctly to prevent the opportunity of learning to do something incorrectly

the way that an item is retrieved from memory depends on the way that it was stored in memory


Input: All chemical texture procedures involve changing the hair structure using" [curl re-formation]

Output: chemical and physical changes

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The exterior hair structure layer that protects the hair from damage is the: [curl re-formation]

Output: cuticle

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The layer of the hair that provides strength and elasticity is the: [curl re-formation]

Output: cortex

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hair bonds that cannot be broken by heat or water are: [curl re-formation]

Output: disulfide bonds

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The natural pH of hair is between: [curl re-formation]

Output: 4.5 and 5.5

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: One of the most important parts of a successful texture services is the: [curl re-formation]

Output: client consultation

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Permanent waves cannot be performed if the hair is coated with: [curl re-formation]

Output: metallic salts

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Disulfide bonds are chemical-based side bonds that are formed when: [curl re-formation]

Output: sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein chains are joined together

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The measurement used to determine the hydrogen ions in a solution is: [curl re-formation]

Output: potential of hydrogen

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chemical texturizers temporarily raise the pH of hair by lifting the cuticle layer to: [curl re-formation]

Output: allow penetration to the cortex layer

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Long, coiled polypeptide chains that are part of the hairs structure are: [curl re-formation]

Output: keratin proteins

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The client record card should include a complete evaluation of length, texture, color and: [curl re-formation]

Output: condition of the hair

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: During the hair and scalp analysis procedure, the stylist should look for: [curl re-formation]

Output: abrasions or signs of scalp disease

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hair texture that requires a longer processing or rewetting of solution to ensure complete saturation is: [curl re-formation]

Output: coarse-textured hair

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The measurement of the number of hairs per square inch on the head is: [curl re-formation]

Output: density

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An indication of the strength of the side bonds is: [curl re-formation]

Output: elasticity

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The second process of a permanent wave is the: [curl re-formation]

Output: chemical change process

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the: [curl re-formation]

Output: size of the rod

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The permanent wave rod that produces a uniform curl along the entire width of the strand is a: [curl re-formation]

Output: straight rod

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A wrapping technique using two endpapers, one placed under the strand and one over is the: [curl re-formation]

Output: double-flat wrap

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Permanent wave rods are placed onto subsections of a panel called: [curl re-formation]

Output: base sections

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The position of a permanent wave rod in relation to its base section is the: [curl re-formation]

Output: base placement

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The technique of wrapping at a 90 degree angle or straight out from the center is: [curl re-formation]

Output: half-off base placement

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The two basic types of wrapping hair around a perm rod are the spiral method and: [curl re-formation]

Output: croquignole method

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A technique used to wrap extra-long hair using two rods in opposite directions is an: [curl re-formation]

Output: piggyback wrap

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or removal of: [curl re-formation]

Output: oxygen

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A common, colorless reducing agent used in chemical texture servics is: [curl re-formation]

Output: thioglycolic acid

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The main reducing agent in alkaline permanents is: [curl re-formation]

Output: ammonium thioglycolate

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between: [curl re-formation]

Output: 9.0 and 9.6

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The primary low pH reducing agent in acid waves is: [curl re-formation]

Output: glyceryl monothioglycolate

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An exothermic chemical recation produces: [curl re-formation]

Output: heat

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The basic components of acid waves are permanent wave solution and: [curl re-formation]

Output: activator and neutralizer

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An endothermic wave must be activated using a: [curl re-formation]

Output: outside heat source

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In permanent waving, the processing should be determined by the: [curl re-formation]

Output: strength of the solution

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hair that is too weak to hold a curl or may be completely straight after a perm is: [curl re-formation]

Output: over-processed

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The process of stopping the action of a permanent wave is: [curl re-formation]

Output: neutralization

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for a minimum of: [curl re-formation]

Output: 5 minutes

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A 90 degree perm wrap that minimizes stress and tension on the hair is: [curl re-formation]

Output: half off base

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The process of rearranging extreamely curly hair into a straighter or smoother form is: [curl re-formation]

Output: chemical hair relaxing

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In extremely curly hair, the thinnest and weakest sections of the hair strand are located at the: [curl re-formation]

Output: twists

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Thio chemical relaxers usually have a pH value above: [curl re-formation]

Output: 10

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers is the hydroxide: [curl re-formation]

Output: ion

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: All hydroxide relaxers can swell the hair up to: [curl re-formation]

Output: twice its normal diameter

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond converting it into a: [curl re-formation]

Output: lanthionine bond

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Disulfide bonds broken by hydroxide relaxers can never be: [curl re-formation]

Output: re-formed

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hydroxide ions left in the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using a: [curl re-formation]

Output: acid-balanced shampoo

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Relaxers containing one component used without any additional mixing are: [curl re-formation]

Output: metal hydroxide relaxers

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sodium hydroxide relaxers (NaOH) are commonly called: [curl re-formation]

Output: lye relaxers

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A relaxer with two components mixed immediately prior to use is: [curl re-formation]

Output: guanidine hydroxide relaxer

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lithium hydroxide relaxers and potassium hydroxide relaxers are advertised and sold as: [curl re-formation]

Output: no-lye relaxers

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Ammonium sulfite and ammonium bisulfite are marketed as: [curl re-formation]

Output: mild alternative relaxers

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cream used to protect the skin and scalp during a hair-relaxing process is: [curl re-formation]

Output: base cream

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The strength of relaxers is determined by the concentration of: [curl re-formation]

Output: hydroxide

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: To avoid overprocessing during a retouch relaxer application, wait until the last few minutes of processing to apply relaxer to the area: [curl re-formation]

Output: closest to the scalp

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Conditioners with an acidic pH that condition and normalize hair prior to shampooing are: [curl re-formation]

Output: normalizing lotions

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Curl re-formation does not straighten the hair, it simply makes the existing curl: [curl re-formation]

Output: larger and looser

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: To avoid scalp irration, prior to the application of a hydroxide relaxer never: [curl re-formation]

Output: shampoo the hair

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: To avoid excessive stretching of the hair when combing out tangles, use a: [curl re-formation]

Output: wide-tooth comb

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Performing texture services involves powerful chemicals that must be handled with: [curl re-formation]

Output: caution

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The term used to describe removing excess water before the application of a neutralizer is: [curl re-formation]

Output: blotting

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When checking for test curl development, the test curl should reflect: [curl re-formation]

Output: firm S formation

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When performing test curls, the rod should be unwound approximately: [curl re-formation]

Output: 1.5 turns

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Incorrect placement of the rubber band of perm rods will cause band marks or: [curl re-formation]

Output: breakage

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When working with hair that has been chemically relaxed, you should avoid using: [curl re-formation]

Output: hot irons

Chemical Texture Services Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: To edit is to...

Output: To make changes to its existing content

To allow users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics


Input: To format is to...

Output: To change its appearance

To allow users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics


Input: Font

Output: The name assigned to specific design of characters

To allow users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics


Input: What is the function of spreadsheet software?

Output: To organize data into rows and columns and perform calculations

To allow users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics


Input: Cell

Output: The intersection of a column and a row


Input: Data base

Output: A collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use

To allow users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics


Input: What is the function of Presentation Software?

Output: To create visual aids for presentations

To allow users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics


Input: Software suite

Output: A collection of individual programs available together

To allow users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics


Input: PIM

Output: Personal information manager: appointment calendar, address notepad, notepad, etc.


Input: CAD

Output: Computer-aided design: software that assists a professional user in creating engineering, architectural, and scientific designs


Input: DTP

Output: Desktop publishing software: software that enables professional designers to create sophisticated documents that contain text, graphics, and many colors


Input: Paint software

Output: An illustration software that allows users to draw pictures, shapes, etc.

To allow users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics


Input: Pointer

Output: A small symbol displayed on the screen that moves as you interact with the mouse or other pointing device


Input: Icon

Output: A small image displayed on the screen that represents a program, a document, or some other object


Input: File

Output: A named collection of stored data, instructions, or information


Input: Menu

Output: Contains a list of commands from which you make instructions


Input: Command

Output: An instruction that causes a program to perform a specific instruction


Input: Title bar

Output: A horizontal space that contains the windows name

To allow users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics


Input: [2] A person who agrees to represnt or act for another, called the principal [1]

Output: Agent


Input: [2] In agency law, a person who agrees to have another, called the agent, act on his or her behalf [1]

Output: Prinicapal


Input: [2] indidivual or business entity who hires employees, pays them salaries or wages, and exerciss control over their work [1]

Output: Employer


Input: [2] who receives payment from employer, who working condidions and methods are not controlled by the employer [1]

Output: Indpendent Contractor


Input: [2] Permitting the agent to transact all business for the principal [1]

Output: Power of an Attorney: General


Input: [2] Permitting the agent to perform specified acts only [1]

Output: Power of an Attorney: Special


Input: [2] Can act on behalf of a incompetent person-write checks, collect insurace, manage persons affair. spouses often give it to each other [1]

Output: Power of an Attorney: Durable


Input: [2] given by one party to another. agent can act for both parties if both agree, orally or in writing. Written=Do this [1]

Output: Creation of Agency: Express Authority


Input: [2] Not created by explicit oral or written agreement, but by implication. by custom, position the agent occupies, or by reasonably necessary to carry out express authority. What ever is implied to finish the task. [1]

Output: Creation of Agency: Implied Authority


Input: [2] obtained by agent when the principal, by either word or action, cause 3rd part to belivle that the agen has authoriy to act, even if there is no express or implied authority. Bascially if authority is abused or used wrongfully, then passed to a 3rd party. [1]

Output: Creation of Agency: Apparent Authority


Input: [2] Bosley is hired by grey to collect dbt from cochran. Grey dies, bosely doesnt know, he still collects debt from cochran. cochran payment to bosely is not legally suffeicnet to discharge debt to grey because he no longer has authority [1]

Output: Termination of Agency: Death or insanity


Input: [2] when subject matter of agency is destroyed or lost, agency terminates. Gonzalez employs rich to sell house. before any sale, house is burned down by fire,. richs agency and authority the house terminates [1]

Output: Termination of Agency : Impossibility


Input: [2] Event occurs that has an unusual effect. agene can resonably infer that the principal will not want agency to continue Bird hires mark to sell land for 40k. mark learns oil is under land that is worth 1 mil. agency and mark authority for 40k are terminated. [1]

Output: Termination of Agency: Changes Circumstances


Input: [2] if either principla or agent petitions for bankruptcy, agency usually terminated [1]

Output: Termination of Agency: Bankruptcy


Input: [2] when principals and agents countyr at war, agency is terminated [1]

Output: Termination of Agency: War


Input: [2] employer or princiapl held liable for wrongful acts commited by acts or employes while in cours or scope of agency or employment [1]

Output: Respondeat Superior


Input: [2] Joel v. Morison 1834 if servery mearly took, detour from masters buisness, then master responsible. but if servent, was on a "frolic of his own" and not in any way on masters business. the master will not be liable. [1]

Output: Detour compared to Frolic


Input: [2] principal may be liable for giving improper instruction, authorizing the use of improper materials or tools.that result in agent commiting a tort ex. jack knows lucy cannot drives, but tells her to drive the company truck to deliver equipment to customer. jack will liable for his own negligence to anyone injured by her negligent driving [1]

Output: Tort Liability of Principal: Tortious Contract


Input: [2] principal who authorizes an agent to commit a tort, will be liable for persons or property injured thereby, [1]

Output: Tort Liability of Principal: Principaln authorization of agents tortious conduct


Input: [2] either the employer or employee may terminate an employment for any resson. unless the contract specifcally states otherwise. Execeptions:employer may be liable for making false promises. ex. employer says to prospective employees there is "long term job with thriving business"but really it is loosing money and merging, the employee is soon fired. employee can sue. [1]

Output: "At Will" Employment


Input: [2] Public policy must be expressed clearly in the staturtory law governing the jursidiction Whistleblowing: reporting to govnerment officials, upper management authorites, or the press that and employer is involved in some unsafe or illegal activity [1]

Output: At Will Employment: Execeptions based on public policy