Input: responsibility. Since the 1960s, the pressure on companies to have a sense of social responsibility has increased steadily.

Output: The concept of social _________ argues that a business has obligations to society beyond the pursuit of profits.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: QWL. In recent years, many companies have increased their efforts to improve the quality of work life (QWL) within their organizations. Such improvements allow employees to better balance their lives while improving their work-related skills and abilities.

Output: _______ is a term describing the overall environment that results from job and work conditions.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: philanthropic. Being philanthropic is just one of many indicators of a company’s social responsibility. Several companies now undergo an annual social audit to objectively inform its various stakeholders of all its activities and assess their social performance.

Output: A company that participates in altruistic actions such as donating money, time, goods, or services to charitable, humanitarian, or educational institutions is said to be ____________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: flextime. Three of the most popular alternative work arrangements being used today are telecommuting, job sharing, and flextime. Such arrangements are necessary, considering today’s staffing and demographic challenges being faced by companies.

Output: In attempts to accommodate employees’ diverse scheduling needs, many organizations now offer _________, or a scheduling system in which employees are allowed certain options regarding time of arrival and departure.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: Consumerism. Consumerism prompted President Kennedy to announce a “bill of rights” for consumers, including the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose, and the right to be heard. These rights laid the foundation for consumer-oriented legislation in the decades to come.

Output: The spirit of activism in the 1960s started a movement known as ___________, which pressures businesses to consider consumer needs and interests.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: ethics. Business ethics governs the way in which a company conducts its business. Because of the number of stakeholders to whom a company is responsible – including employees, customers, governments, and society at large – making business decisions that will be considered ethical by everyone is difficult.

Output: The application of moral rules or standards to business situations is called business __________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: risk. The main functions of risk management are to assess risk, control risk, and finance risk by shifting it to an insurance company or by self-insuring to cover possible losses.

Output: The process of reducing the threat of loss from uncontrollable events and funding potential losses is called _____ management.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: insurance. For risks that meet certain predefined criteria, one can purchase insurance to cover potential losses. Such risks are called insurable risks.

Output: A contractual agreement whereby one party agrees to compensate another party for losses is called __________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: loss prevention. Loss prevention techniques, such as hiring additional security guards or posting warning signs, is one of the major risk-control techniques used by companies. Such techniques are used by companies to minimize losses, particularly if the loss is not covered by insurance.

Output: Risk managers who try to reduce (but not totally eliminate) the chance of a given loss by removing hazards or taking preventative measures are practicing _____ ________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: actuaries. Those employed by the insurance company to calculate the costs of premiums are called actuaries.

Output: By compiling statistics of losses, predicting the amount needed to pay claims over a given period, and calculating the amount needed to cover these expenses plus any anticipated operating costs, _________ determine how much income insurance companies need to generate.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: liability. Medical malpractice and faulty product manufacturing are examples of cases in which losses could be covered by liability insurance.

Output: _________ insurance provides protection against financial losses suffered by firms or individuals held responsible for property damage or for injuries suffered by others.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: key person. Following fashion designer Gianni Versace’s death, his company was paid $21 million by his key-person insurance policy.

Output: For companies that depend upon a crucial employee or executive, they can often purchase ______ ________ insurance that will cover losses in income due to that person’s illness, disability, death, or unplanned retirement.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: self insurance. Self-insurance plans can save large companies a significant amount of money, since they are not subject to state regulation, mandates, or premium taxes. To fully succeed, however, they require a sizeable financial investment, regular contributions, and a long-term commitment.

Output: Rather than buying insurance from another company, an increasing number of businesses are adopting _______ _______ plans, in which they accumulate funds each year to pay for predicted liability losses.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: PPO. A preferred-provider organization (PPO) is a health care provider that contracts with employers, insurance companies, or other third-party payers to deliver health care services to an employee group at a reduced fee. Employees typically are offered incentives to use preferred providers, though they are not required to do so.

Output: As an alternative to health maintenance organizations (HMOs), some employers choose to join a _______________. While such plans usually save employers money, they also restrict the employees choice of hospitals and doctors.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: beneficiaries. Term insurance, whole life insurance, and variable life insurance are all examples of different types of life insurance that provide proceeds to the beneficiaries upon the insured’s death.

Output: To cover the losses associated with premature death, life insurance policies will pay predetermined amounts to any listed ___________ when the covered individual dies.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: unemployment. Unemployment insurance is a government-sponsored program designed to meet the perils of unemployment caused by the business cycle and other factors which workers cannot control.

Output: Employees who are laid off for reasons not related to performance can benefit from _______________ insurance programs.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: marketing. Because marketing involves an exchange between the buyer and selling organization, it plays a pivotal role in society by helping people satisfy their needs and wants, and helping organizations determine what to produce.

Output: The term ___________ describes the planning and executing of the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: Place. Place marketing tries to lure tourists, residents, or businesses to a specific geographic location. Cause-related marketing and permission marketing are two other common kinds of marketing that do not focus on the selling of tangible products.

Output: Marketing is not always concerned with selling tangible goods for profit. ________ marketing, for example, tries to attract people and organizations to a particular geographic location.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: wants. While the basic motivation to buy products are created by needs, it is a person’s wants that leads him or her to buy a particular brand or type of product over another. Marketing aims to transform the customer’s basic need for a general product into a want for a specific brand.

Output: More specific than needs, _______ are those things that are desirable in light of a person’s experiences, culture, and personality.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: utility. Organizations can create utility in four different ways – by changing raw materials into finished goods and services (form utility), by making a product available at a convenient time (time utility) or location (place utility), and by facilitating the process of product ownership (possession utility).

Output: The appeal of a product or service is based upon its ________, or the power of a good or service to satisfy a human need.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: sellers. . A sellers’ market existed in the U.S. until the 1930s, when technological advancements increased production capacity and the market for manufactured goods became more competitive. The resulting overabundance of products then created a buyers’ market that lasted through the 1950s.

Output: In a _______ market, the demand for products exceeds supplies, making it easy for the manufacturer to sell all that it produces.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: marketing. Increased competition has led most companies to adopt the marketing concept, allowing them to more fully understand and target their customers’ needs and wants.

Output: As companies became increasingly customer-centered in the last half of the twentieth century, many began to adopt the ________ concept. This approach to business management stresses customer needs and wants, seeks long-term profitability, and coordinates marketing efforts within the organization.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: relationship. Sometimes referred to as customer relation ship management (CRM), relationship marketing focuses on learning more about a customer with each transaction and continually changing the product or service so that it more precisely meets the customer’s needs.

Output: _________ marketing focuses on building and maintaining satisfying relationships with customer, suppliers, and distributors in order to retain their long-term business.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: research. Among other things, companies use marketing research to determine their target market, develop new products according to customer needs, and plan future marketing programs.

Output: To learn about the needs and wants of their customers, companies collect and analyze information about customers, markets, and related marketing issues – a process called marketing ________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: database. Analyzing the data collected through database marketing allows companies to determine which customers to target and how to customize marketing efforts for the best response.

Output: Often used in conjunction with relationship marketing, ___________ marketing records and analyzes all customer interactions, preferences, and buying behavior, for the purpose of future contact and transactions with those customers.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: strategy. In the strategic marketing planning process, a company develops a marketing strategy to help achieve its chosen marketing objectives.

Output: The overall plan for marketing a product is called a marketing _________. Its main steps are segmenting the market, choosing what markets to target, deciding how to position the product in those markets, and then developing the right marketing mix to obtain that position.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: market segmentation. Marketers commonly practice market segmentation by using demographics, psychographics, geographic location, and behavior to divide the market. Each market segment can then be targeted by offering products that are priced, distributed, and promoted differently.

Output: The process of _________ _____________ divides the total market into smaller, rather homogenous groups.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: differentiated. Only companies with substantial resources can practice differentiated marketing, since it requires specially tailored products, prices, promotions, and distribution efforts for each customer group.

Output: Those companies that sell a variety of different products to several customer groups practice _____________ marketing.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: positioning. Through positioning, a company creates for its offering a unique and meaningful position in the minds of its target market. Price, performance, quality, design, and customer support are some examples of factors that help differentiate a product from its competitors.

Output: ___________ a product means differentiating a good or service from those of competitors through the use of promotion, distribution, product, and price.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: marketing mix. A company’s marketing mix is basically the way in which it goes about achieving its marketing strategy – i.e., how it uses product, price, distribution, and promotion to obtain its desired position in the selected target market.

Output: A firm’s ____________ _____ consists of the four key elements of marketing strategy – product, price, distribution, and promotion.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: product. Each stage of a product’s life cycle is marked by distinct patterns of supply and demand. After introducing a product (introductory stage) and growing its sales (growth), a company usually gains its maximum market share for the product (maturity), before the increased competition forces sales and profits to diminish (decline).

Output: A ________ is any tangible object or intangible service that is offered for the purpose of satisfying a want or a need in a marketing exchange.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: life cycle. Each stage of a product’s life cycle is marked by distinct patterns of supply and demand. After introducing a product (introductory stage) and growing its sales (growth), a company usually gains its maximum market share for the product (maturity), before the increased competition forces sales and profits to diminish (decline).

Output: A product’s _____ _______ usually consists of four stages – introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: test. Test marketing a product usually gives the marketer experience with how to best market the product before going through the expense of a full introduction.

Output: life cycle. Each stage of a product’s life cycle is marked by distinct patterns of supply and demand. After introducing a product (introductory stage) and growing its sales (growth), a company usually gains its maximum market share for the product (maturity), before the increased competition forces sales and profits to diminish (decline).

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: product line. Most large companies will have at least one product line. This allows the company to continually add and drop products, so that the sales of new products can replace the lost revenue of declining items.

Output: A ________ _____ is a series of related products owned by one company that is similar in terms of use or characteristics.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: product mix. A company’s product mix can be described in terms of width (the number of product lines), length (the number of items in each product line), and depth (the number of varieties of each individual product).

Output: Those organizations that have several different product lines have what is called a __________ ____, a collection of various goods or services offered for sale.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: brand. Marketers use a variety of different methods to create a recognizable brand. A brand usually consists of a brand name – the portion of a brand that can be expressed orally – and a brand symbol – a symbol that can not be expressed verbally.

Output: A company differentiates its products from its competitors through a distinct _______ identity – the name, term, sign, symbol, design, or combination of these elements that enables consumers to recognize the product as belonging to a particular company.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: generic. Generic products have no brand name or advertising, and usually have just plain labeling. The success of such products in the grocery industry illustrates that a niche market for them definitely exists among cost-conscious consumers.

Output: Many retailers offer ________ products, which are alternatives to branded products and typically cost significantly less because of the uneven quality, plain packaging, and lack of promotion.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: brand loyalty. The three different degrees of brand loyalty are brand awareness, brand preference, and brand insistence. Marketers strive to have customers at the brand insistence stage, since it means they are unwilling to try alternatives and insist on buying products by their preferred brand.

Output: The loyalty of customers to a particular brand is called ________ __________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: break even. In order to avoid losing money, a company must reach what is known as its break-even point, which is the minimum sales volume necessary to cover all of the company’s manufacturing and selling costs.

Output: ______ _____ analysis is used by companies to determine the minimum volume of sales of a product are needed at a given price to cover all costs.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: fixed. While variable costs change with the level of production, fixed costs are those expenses that remain stable regardless of the number of products produced.

Output: In determining the break-even point, companies must not only consider the variable costs associated with production, but also certain _______ costs, such as rent payments, insurance premiums, and real estate taxes.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: elasticity. Since the demand for some products is more sensitive to changes in price than others, a company must consider a product’s price elasticity when setting its market price.

Output: While demand usually helps determine the price of a product, companies also need to consider how responsive the demand for a product is relative to its price – a concept known as price ____________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: skimming. Skimming works best for high-quality products in markets that competitors cannot easily enter with competing products. Skimming is a common practice with technological products, which will often have inflated prices until enough competitors enter the market to successfully bring them down.

Output: During a product’s introductory phase, companies often try to recoup their manufacturing costs quickly by charging a high initial price and then lowering it later – a practice known as __________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: dynamic. The opposite of fixed pricing, dynamic pricing charges different prices depending on the individual customer and situation. Many companies have switched to dynamic pricing in recent years, using the Internet to electronically reprice items based upon current supply and demand levels.

Output: Auction pricing, group buying, and name-your-price selling are three popular examples of __________ pricing.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: distribution channels. Also called marketing channels, distribution channels are responsible for moving products to the end users. How they are moved through these channels can play a major role in a product’s success or failure.

Output: ________ __________ are systems of firms organized to facilitate the moving of goods and services from producers to customers.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: marketing intermediary. A marketing intermediary provides an efficient process for transferring products from the producer to consumer and helps add place utility, time utility, and possession utility to the product.

Output: Any individual or firm found in a distribution channel between the producer and end user is called a ___________ ______________. They are also commonly called “middlemen.”

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: intensive. Unlike selective and exclusive distribution strategies, an intensive distribution marketing strategy does not require specialized sales and service support. Thus, it does not limit the number of outlets through which it sells.

Output: Inexpensive convenience goods or organizational supplies are goods that sell best with an ___________ distribution strategy, which tries to place a product in as many outlets as possible.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: vms. In a vertical marketing system (VMS), one channel member tends to control the channel, influencing the actions of all other members. The single firm might own the others (corporate VMS), have contracts with them (contractual VMS), or wield so much power that the others must cooperate (administered VMS).

Output: A _________ is a planned distribution channel in which the producer, wholesaler, and retailer coordinate their efforts to optimize distribution activities.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: wholesaler. Unlike a retailer, a wholesaler seldom deals directly with individual consumers but rather sells to retailers or to organizational buyers.

Output: A _________ is a intermediary that sells products to other firms for resale or for organizational use.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: physical. In addition to selecting effective distribution channels, a company must also efficiently move its product through physical distribution, an area concerned primarily with the logistics of the supply chain.

Output: All the activities required to move finished products from the producer to the consumer – including inventory control, order processing, warehousing, materials handling, and outbound transportation – is known collectively as __________ distribution.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: promotion. Of the four ingredients in the marketing mix, promotion is the one most often associated with marketing. Advertising, public relations, personal selling, direct marketing, and sales promotion are all components of an effective promotional mix.

Output: ___________ is the use of persuasive techniques by a company to communicate with its target market

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: personal. Personal selling allows for immediate interaction between the buyer and seller, and also enables the seller to adjust the message to the specific needs, interests, and reactions of the individual customer.

Output: Person-to-person communication between a seller and one or more potential buyers is called _________ selling

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: advertising. By economically bringing a consistent message to a large target consumer group, advertising helps create product awareness and stimulate demand.

Output: Sponsored communication to a target market through mass communications channels is called ___________

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: interactive. The Internet, interactive TV, and kiosks in retail outlets have allowed companies to increase their amount of interactive advertising.

Output: Recent advances in technology has led to an increase in __________ advertising, a two-way communication in which the customer controls the amount and type of information received.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: direct. Advertising on the Internet is the most rapidly growing form of direct marketing. Other examples include telemarketing, infomercials, and direct mail.

Output: _________ marketing can be defined as any direct communication other than personal sales contacts designed to generate either a response in the form of an order, a request for further information, or a visit to a place of business for purchase of a specific product or service.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: consumer. Coupons and rebates are the most popular forms of consumer promotion. The other category of promotion, trade promotion, targets distributors and retailers in an effort to get them to push a producer’s product.

Output: One of the two basic categories of sales promotion, __________ promotion is aimed at the final users of the product.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: public relations. Two common public relations tools are the news release and the news conference, both of which are used when company news is of widespread interest, when products need to be demonstrated, or when company officials want to be available to answer questions from the media.

Output: _______ _________ encompasses all the non-sales communications that business have with their various audiences in order to foster positive relations with them and build a favorable corporate image.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: IMC. Developing all the elements of promotion for a company to result in one consistent message is called integrated marketing communications (IMC).

Output: The strategy of coordinating and integrating all communications and promotions efforts with customers to provide the greatest efficiency and effectiveness is called __________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: pull. A pull strategy uses a combination of promotional tools to appeal directly to the consumer. A push strategy, on the other hand, focuses on persuading intermediaries to carry an item.

Output: When a producer uses a ____ strategy to promote a product, it appeals to consumers to help stimulate demand, which subsequently exerts pressure on wholesalers and retailers to carry a product.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: financial management. The goal of financial management is to maximize a company’s value through implementing a company’s financial plan, budgeting its expenditure, and developing a plan to fund future growth.

Output: __________ ___________ is the planning for a company’s current and future money needs through the effective acquisition and use of money.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: financial plan. . Financial managers usually work form a financial plan, a document showing the funds a company will need for a period of time, as well as the sources and uses of those funds.

Output: Most financial managers use a _________ ______ to forecast the financial requirements of a company, as well as the financing sources to be used.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: cash flow. Most financial managers can improve cash flow through monitoring and improving the company’s working capital accounts – i.e., cash, inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable.

Output: One of the primary objectives of a financial manager is to create a positive _____ _____, or a ready supply of money needed to purchase the assets and supplies a company needs to operate and pay dividends to shareholders.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: securities. In order to earn as much interest as possible, financial managers invest any excess cash in interest-bearing or dividend-paying marketable securities.

Output: Marketable __________ are those short-term investments that can be turned into cash quickly.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: budget. Companies compare the actual results of operating to those proposed in the budget. If variances are discovered, corrective action is then recommended – a process known as financial control.

Output: One of the main responsibilities of financial managers is the development of a ________, a planning and control tool that reflects estimated revenues, expenses, and cash flows over a given period (often one year).

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: capital investments. In order to decide which capital investments a company can afford, the financial manager will go through a financial evaluation called capital budgeting to determine the investments that will return the greatest revenue.

Output: Major expenditures in buildings or equipments are examples of ___________ ___________, major investments for the purpose of acquiring something of permanent value in a business.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: long term. Long-term financing is generally needed for a company’s long-term plans for growth, whereas a company uses short-term financing to maintain its ability to meet day-to-day operating costs.

Output: Any financing typically repaid in a period of a year or more is called ____ ______ financing. Such financing is usually for the purpose of acquiring assets such as buildings or equipment, or to fund company expansion via other growth options.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: leverage. If a company uses leverage effectively, then it can use borrowed money to increase profits to such an extent that it can cover additional interest rates and also generate a greater return.

Output: Rather than relying solely on its own cash to finance its growth, a company might choose to use __________ to increase the rate of return on an investment by financing it with borrowed funds.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: debt. Specific kinds of debt financing are trade credit, commercial paper, and secured and unsecured loans.

Output: Commonly referred to as a loan, _____ financing is when a creditor agrees to lend money to a debtor in exchanged for repayment, with accumulated interest, at some future date.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: deposit institutions. Commercial banks, thrifts, and credit unions are the most popular forms of deposit institution

Output: Known as ________ __________, this category of U.S. financial institutions accepts deposits from customers or members, and offers checking and savings accounts, loans, and other banking services.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: community. As an alternative to the larger banks, community banks are becoming increasingly popular. Because these smaller banks know their clients better, they might go out of their way to make a loan or other decision possible for a small business owner.

Output: ___________ banks are smaller banks that concentrate on serving the needs of local consumers and businesses.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: Federal Reserve. Serving as the central bank, the Federal Reserve System is the most powerful financial institution in the United States. It is commonly referred to simply as the Fed.

Output: Created in 1913, the _________ _________ system manages the U.S. money supply so that the country avoids both recession and inflation. It also supervises and regulates banks and serves as a clearinghouse for checks.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: money. The U.S. money supply consists of currency, demand deposit, and time deposits. In some societies, the bartering system still exists, though it is becoming increasingly obsolete in the global economy.

Output: __________ is the term for anything generally accepted as a means of paying for goods and services.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: currency. The bills and coins that make up the cash supply of a society is its currency.

Output: Coins, bills, traveler’s checks, cashier’s checks, and money orders are forms of __________.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: time deposits. Savings accounts, certificates of deposit, and money-market deposit accounts are all examples of time deposits.

Output: Any accounts that pay interest and require advance notice before withdrawals can be made are called ______ _________.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: M3. The M3 measure is the broadest of the three measures used by the Fed to get a rough idea of the size of the money supply.

Output: ____, the Fed’s broadest measure of the money supply, includes all M2 plus time deposits of $100,000 and higher and other restricted deposits.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: reserve requirement. Adjusting the reserve requirement can have a drastic effect on the economy. A small increase in the reserve requirement decreases the amount of money banks can lend and thus slows down the economy. The opposite occurs when a decrease in the requirement greatly increases the bank’s lending ability.

Output: One way in which the Fed influences the money supply is by changing the _________ ___________ of U.S. banks. This technique modifies the percentage of a bank’s deposit that must be set aside.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: open market. The Fed can increase or decrease the money supply through its open-market operations. For example, it put cash into circulation and increase the money supply by buying back previously issued government bonds.

Output: The most common tool used by the Fed to influence the money supply is known as ____ _______ operations, in which it uses its power to buy and sell U.S. government bonds.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: securities. Securities are traded in organized markets where individual and institutional investors can buy and sell them to meet their investment goals.

Output: Stocks, bonds, options, futures, and commodities are instruments known as __________.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: par value. A stock’s par value differs from both its market value, the price at which a share currently sells, and its book value, the amount of a corporation’s net assets represented by one share of common stock.

Output: When stock certificates are issued to shareholders, they include a ____ ________, a dollar value assigned to the stock primarily for bookkeeping purposes and, in the case of some stocks, for use in calculating dividends.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: stock split. A company will announce a stock split whenever it wants to make a share price more affordable.

Output: The per share value of a stock will decrease when a company announces a _______ ________, increasing the number of shares that each stock certificate represents.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: blue chip. Conservative investors minimize risk by investing in blue-chip corporations that have a long record of solid earnings and dividends.

Output: Investing in _____ _____ stocks means purchasing equity from large, well-established companies with consistent records of stock price increases and dividend payments.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: principal. The purchaser of a bond will receive a certificate listing the issuer’s name, the principal, the date this principal amount will be repaid with any due interest, and the annual interest rate investors receive.

Output: With a bond, the amount borrowed from an investor is known as the __________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: debentures. Because of the greater risk involved with investing in debentures, investors generally can expect higher interest rates than they would receive with secured bonds.

Output: Unsecured bonds backed only by the corporation’s reputation are known as ___________.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: Detailed Explanation: municipal. The two types of municipal bonds are general obligation bonds, which are backed by the government’s taxing power, and revenue bonds, which are backed by the money to be generated by the project being financed.

Output: When government agencies need to raise money for public services, they often will issue ___________ bonds. The interest on such bonds is exempt from federal income tax and from taxes in the issuing jurisdiction.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: capital gain. As in the case with government bonds, generally tax-exempt securities might nevertheless be taxable on any capital gain earned by the investors.

Output: Any difference between the price at which a financial asset is sold and its original cost is called a _________ ______.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: commodities. Investors sometimes hedge the risk of trading in commodities by investing in trading commodities futures, which guarantee the price of a commodity and protect against violent price swings.

Output: Speculating in ___________ is an extremely risky investment strategy where one invests in raw materials and agricultural products, such as petroleum, gold, coffee beans, pork bellies, beef, and coconut oil.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: institutional. The U.S. securities market is dominated by institutional investors. Such investors often buy blocks of 10,000 shares or more per transaction, and their investment decisions thus have a major impact on the overall behavior of the securities market.

Output: ___________ investors are companies that invest money entrusted to them by others, such as pension funds, insurance companies, banks, and colleges and universities.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: Asset allocation. Asset allocation balances a portfolio in such a way as to gain the highest rates of return while reducing risks as much as possible.

Output: For both institutions and individuals, a common strategy to manage their investment portfolio is to shift their investments to adapt them to the current investment environment – a method known as _______ _________.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: diversification. Common methods of diversification include investing in securities from unrelated industries or from different countries, or by allocating assets to different investment types (i.e., bonds, stocks, and money-markets).

Output: Besides asset allocation, another way investors reduce the risk of their investment portfolio is through ____________, which invests funds in several different securities in such a way that a loss in one investment will not hurt the entire portfolio.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: mutual funds. For investors who want to spread a fixed amount of money over a variety of investments but do not have the time or experience to search out and manage investment opportunities, mutual funds are good investment opportunities.

Output: Pools of money that are raised from many investors in order to buy a diversified mix of stocks, bonds, or other securities are known as ________ ______.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: stock. The stock exchanges, also sometimes called securities exchanges, are those locations where traders buy and sell stocks and bonds. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the world’s largest and most famous stock exchan

Output: Whereas newly issued shares are sold to initial investors in the primary market, subsequent investors buy and sell shares in organized secondary markets, known as _____ exchanges.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: auction. Whereas an auction exchange has all trading take place physically on an auction floor, other types of exchanges, known as dealer exchanges, have no central marketplace but rely rather on executing sales through computers. The NASDAQ is a well known example of a dealer exchange.

Output: The New York Stock Exchange is an example of an ________ exchange, a centralized marketplace where securities are traded by specialists on behalf of investors.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: ECN. Sometimes refereed to as virtual stock markets or cybermarkets, electronic communications networks (ECNs) now control approximately a third of all security trades, and that number is growing.

Output: In recent years, the ____________ has become an increasingly popular method to invest in stock, using the Internet to link buyers and sellers without using a middleman.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: market. A specific type of market order is the limit order, which stipulates the highest or lowest price at which the customer is willing to trade.

Output: A _________ order gives authorization to a broker to buy or sell securities at the best price that can be negotiated at the moment.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: margin trading. Although margin trading allows one to purchase stock without paying for it in full, it also increases the risk. If the price of stock purchased on margin falls, the investor must pay the broker even more money, or else the broker will sell the stock.

Output: Borrowing money from stockbrokers in order to buy stock, paying interest on the borrowed money, and leaving the stock with the broker as collateral is a practice called _________ _________.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: bull market. A bull market is a rising stock market, as opposed to a bear market. Looking at the timing of such markets is important, since if a certain type of market has lasted for an overly extended period, a reversal of fortunes is likely imminent.

Output: A _____ ________ is a term to describe a stock market in which stock prices have been rising over a long period.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: market indexes. The two best known U.S. market indexes are the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Average (S&P 500).

Output: A common method of determining the current strength of a market is to look at indicators called _________ ________, which are based upon the prices of a selection of securities.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: price earnings. One indicator of a stock’s present status is to compare its price-earnings ratio (p/e ratio) to the industry average. If it is low, than either the company is in trouble or it is a newly emerging company with a relatively low stock price.

Output: A stock’s _____________ _________ ratio is its current market price divided by issuer’s annual earnings per share.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: business. Whether a business is for profit or some other motive, it must use the same basic principles of efficiency in order to reach its goals.

Output: A ____________ is any activity or enterprise that provides goods or services to satisfy a society’s needs.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: labor. Labor-intensive businesses rely predominantly upon human resources to prosper. Capital-intensive businesses, on the other hand, require large amounts of money or equipment.

Output: Service businesses typically are _______________ intensive, since the investment in labor is usually greater than the costs of capital.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: service. Changing demographics, increasingly technological needs, and the rise of e-commerce are just a few of the factors attributing to the rise of service sector jobs.

Output: Most of the jobs created in the U.S. over the past two decades have been in the ___________ sector.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: economics. Free-market systems and planned systems are the two basic structures most commonly found in economics.

Output: ___________ is the study of how society uses scare resources to produce and distribute goods and services.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: factors. Natural resources, human resources, capital, entrepreneurs, and knowledge are what economists call the five factors of production.

Output: The basic inputs that a society uses to produce goods and services are called ________ of production.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: free market. The lack of government intervention in a free-market system leaves the success or failure of a business up to the individual.

Output: Individuals in a ______ ________ system are free to decide what products to produce and in what quantities.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: capitalism. Philosophers such as Adam Smith developed the theory of capitalism, in which the market’s buyers and sellers determine what is to be produced without any regulations from the government. In modern practice, however, limited intervention from the government is usually necessary in capitalism.

Output: The most common free-market system is called __________, a system based upon eighteenth-century philosophical theories of economic freedom and competition.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: planned. One of the main goals of a planned system is social equality.

Output: The government controls most of the factors of production and regulates their allocation in a ________ economic system.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: communism. Communism exists today in such countries as Cuba and North Korea. In such a system, private ownership is limited primarily to personal and household goods.

Output: The planned system that allows individuals the least amount of economic freedom is called ___________. It is a system in which all productive resources are owned and operated by the government.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: socialism. Because government absorbs the costs of medical care, education and other social services in socialism, taxes tend to be high.

Output: Though considered a planned system, ___________ actually lies somewhere in between capitalism and communism. In this system, key industries are owned and operated by the government, while less vital industries are privately owned.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: privatizing. The privatizing process converts public ownership to private ownership. Many countries are attracted to the financial benefits that can come from private ownership, but are not adequately preparing themselves for the transformation to a free-market economy.

Output: Many socialists and communist economies are ______________ some of their government-owned enterprises – a process that is moving them increasingly towards free-market systems.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: demand. In a free-market system, supply and demand regulates the market, determining the the quantity of goods produced and at what price they are sold.

Output: ________ is the buyer’s willingness and ability to purchase products.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: equilibrium price. On a graph, supply and demand curves meet at the equilibrium price. It is at this point that the intentions of buyers and sellers interact.

Output: When graphing a market’s supply and demand for a certain product, the point at which the quantity of goods supplied equals the quantity demanded is called the __________ _______.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: Pure competition. Pure competition ensures that it is the market interests that regulate supply and demand – not an individual buyer or seller.

Output: The free-market ideal of _____ __________ is characterized by so many buyers and sellers of a single product existing at once that no single buyer or seller can individually influence market prices.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: monopoly. A monopoly enables a producer to determine the price of a product and the quantity it will supply. In most capitalist societies, the governments enact legislation to forbid monopolies.

Output: When only one producer of a given product exists in a given market, it is called a ____________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: monopolistic. Pure competition can be rare in free markets. More common is monopolistic competition, where many sellers offer very similar products that are just different enough to distinguish themselves from the competition.

Output: Most competition in today’s free-market economies is defined as __________ competition, in which many sellers offer products that can be distinguished from competing products in at least some small way.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: competitive advantage. Companies might use price, speed, quality, service, or innovation to gain a competitive advantage over the rest of the market. Although price is one way to compete with others, ensuing price wars can do serious harm to an entire industry. Thus many companies will try to find other ways to gain an advantage instead.

Output: When the market becomes filled with competitors and products begin to look too similar, companies look for a way to gain a ____________ ____________ over their competitors by performing in one or more ways that competitors cannot match.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: deregulation. Airlines, banks, and telecommunications have all undergone significant deregulation in the past, in hopes that the increased competition will provide consumers with lower prices and improved products or services.

Output: The process of ____________ removes or relaxes government rules and restrictions affecting businesses.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: scale. At the beginning of the twentieth century, growing American businesses achieved economies of scale. As these business increased in size, some of them also grew more powerful and gained control of their industries, thus leading to an increase in government’s antitrust legislation.

Output: Producing large quantities of similar products allows businesses to achieve economies of _______ – savings gained from manufacturing, marketing, or buying in sizeable quantities.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: recession. A recession usually occurs in response to a variety of factors – including changes in investment patterns, world events, and basic economic forces. The opposite of a recession is a recovery.

Output: A period when national income, employment, and production all fall is called a __________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: business cycle. The fluctuations of the business cycle are to be expected and are to a degree predictable. Nonetheless, government tries to avoid the hardships caused by such swings through adjusting its fiscal and monetary policy.

Output: The recurrent swings between recession and recovery are known as the __________ _______.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: monetary. The government’s monetary policy works in conjunction with its fiscal policy (adjustments to government revenue collection and spending) to help minimize the damage done by business cycle fluctuations.

Output: The government’s ___________ policy involves the actions taken by the Federal Reserve Board to regulate the nation’s money supply, such as the raising or lowering of interest rates to help control inflation.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: GDP. So long as goods are produced within a nation’s boundaries, they are included within a nation’s gross domestic product (GDP). This differs from a nation’s gross national product (GNP), which excludes the value of production from any foreign-owned businesses and includes receipts from any domestic company’s overseas operations.

Output: The broadest measure of an economy’s health is a nation’s ______ , which measures a country’s output by computing the sum of all the final goods and services produced by businesses located within a nation’s borders.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: deflation. Purchasing power increases during deflation, since the falling price level means more can be purchased per dollar than would have been possible before.

Output: _________ is the economic condition in which the general price level for goods and services falls steadily throughout the economy.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: CPI. Measured monthly, the consumer price index (CPI) is often used by businesses to adjust rent increases and to keep employees’ wages aligned with the current cost-of-living rate.

Output: An economic indicator often used to measure the rate of inflation is the _______, which measures changes in the prices of about 400 representative goods and services that consumers buy.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: globalization. One of the major challenges facing business today is globalization. With financial and product markets being more interconnected than ever before, U.S. businesses now face increased competition in a marketplace that is increasingly unpredictable.

Output: The increasing tendency of the world’s economies to act as a single interdependent system is known as ________________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: e-commerce. E-commerce utilizes the reach and convenience of the Internet to collapse boundaries and reach new markets around the world. In the e-commerce era, businesses are rapidly redefining their business structures and exploring new ways in which the Internet can maximize customer value.

Output: One of the reasons for the resurgence of the U.S. economy in the late 1990s was the rise in __________, or the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: new economy. A decreased concern with physical goods, the loosening of geographic boundaries, and an increased ease of entry into the market are all characteristics of what is being called the new economy.

Output: The faster growth, lower inflation, and technology-driven expansion of the past decade has led to such drastic changes in the economy that it is now being referred to as the ____ ________.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: Accounting. Accounting is used both internally to help management and owners make informed business decisions (management accounting) and also externally to communicate relevant financial information to lenders, investors, and government agencies (financial accounting).

Output: ____________ is a system a business uses to measure, interpret, and communicate financial information to support internal and external decision-making.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: audits. Only certified public accountants (CPAs) have the authority to conduct audits, during which they determine whether or not a company’s financial statements fairly present the financial position and operating results of the firm.

Output: All companies with publicly-traded stock are required to undergo regular ________, which evaluate the fairness and reliability of their financial statements.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: matching. The matching principle is a necessary tool in presenting an accurate picture of the profitability of a business. To match revenue to expenses accurately, accountants use the accrual basis – recording revenue at the time the sale is made or the service provided, not when payment is received.

Output: The _________ principle is a basic accounting principle requiring that expenses incurred in producing revenue be deducted from the revenues they generated during the same accounting period.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: balance sheet. Such a statement is called a balance sheet because it shows the balance between assets on one side and liabilities and owners’ equity on the other. Though businesses are ever changing, a balance sheet freezes a business’s financial position as if it were static.

Output: A ________ ________ is a statement of a firm’s financial position on a particular date, freezing all business actions and providing a baseline from which a company can measure change.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: income statement. While a balance sheet gives a static picture of a company’s financial position. an income statement records net income or loss over time. Such statements are helpful in evaluating past performance and predicting future behavior.

Output: The profitability of an organization over time is revealed in its _________ _________, which records a company’s revenue, expenses, and profits over a specific time period.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: cash flow. By looking at its statement of cash flows, a company can determine a sense of its ability to pay its short-term obligations when they become due. Cash flows also help a company analyze how liquid its assets are and what proportion of its assets are fixed.

Output: In addition to preparing a balance sheet and an income statement, most companies also prepare a statement of _____ _______ to report how much cash the company generated over time and where it went.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: equity. The debt-to-equity ratio is calculated by dividing the company’s total liabilities by the total equity. From a lender’s standpoint, a lower ratio is better, since it means the company has very little existing debt.

Output: Accountants determine a company’s debt to _______________ ratio in order to measure the extent to which it is financed by debt as opposed to invested capital.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: data warehousing. . With the increasing complexity of today’s organizations, data warehousing makes it possible to cross-reference vast amounts of data and use the findings to answer intricate, multi-departmental queries.

Output: The process of ______ ____________ builds an organized central database out of files and databases gathered from various functional areas. It then uses this central database to sort and analyze the information, so that informed recommendations can be made.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: CIO. The intricacies of turning data into useful information in today’s business world have caused several companies to hire a chief information officer (CIO). It is the CIO’s responsibility to assess a company’s information needs and develop efficient ways to meet them.

Output: More and more organizations are hiring a _______ to oversee and manage the company’s information and information systems.

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___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: management information. A variety of management information systems (MISs) exist today that supply information and support to managers for making effective routine decisions. Such systems structure data into useful reports such as monthly sales figures, daily inventory levels, product manufacturing schedules, etc.

Output: A computer system that provides structured, routine information for managerial decision making is called a ____________ ____________ system.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: Data communications. Data communications uses networks to transmit information between users both inside and outside the organization, as well as to connect users to expensive, powerful resources such as supercomputers.

Output: One of the most important issues in business computing today is _____ _______________, or the process of connecting multiple computers and allowing them to send data back and forth.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: LAN. An intranet is an example of a local area network (LAN). For networks that cover a larger geographic area, a wide area network (WAN) links computers in different places through one of several transmission media.

Output: When a company’s data communications needs encompasses only a small geographic area (such as an office or college campus), then a ________ will likely link the hardware, software, and communications media.

DSST Intro to Business Flashcards - Cram.com

___________, or selling and shipping goods and services to another country, is one of the least risky forms of international business activity.


Input: [1] Dyspnea [2]

Output: Difficult or labored breathing

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Atelectasis [2]

Output: Incomplete expansion or collapse of a part of the lungs

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Adventitious [2]

Output: Abnormal breath sound heard over the lungs

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Alveoli [2]

Output: Small air sacs at the end of the terminal bronchioles that are the site of gas exchange

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Bradypnea [2]

Output: Slow rate of breathing

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Bronchial sounds [2]

Output: Those heard over the trachea; high in pitch and intensity, with expiration being longer than inspiration

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Bronchodilator [2]

Output: Medication that relaxes contractions of smooth muscles of the bronchioles

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Bronchovesicular [2]

Output: Normal breath sounds heard over the upper anterior chest and intercostal area

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Eupnea [2]

Output: Normal respirations

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hemothorax [2]

Output: Blood that develops in the pleural space

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hyperventilation [2]

Output: Condition in which there is more than the normal amount of air entering and leaving lungs

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hypoventilation [2]

Output: Decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hypoxemia [2]

Output: Deficient oxygenation of blood

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Hypoxia [2]

Output: Inadequate amount of oxygen available to the cells

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pulmonary ventilation [2]

Output: Movement of air into and out of the lungs

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pleural effusion [2]

Output: Fluid in the pleural space.

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pneumothorax [2]

Output: Air in the pleural space

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Spirometer [2]

Output: Instrument used to measure lung capacities and volumes; one type is used to encourage deep breathing (incentive spirometry)

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Surfactant [2]

Output: Detergent-like phospholipid that reduces surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tachypnea [2]

Output: Rapid rate of breathing

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Thoracentesis [2]

Output: aspiration of fluid or air from the pleural space

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tracheostomy [2]

Output: Artificial opening made into the trachea through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Vesicular breath sounds [2]

Output: normal sound of respirations heard on auscultation over peripheral lung areas

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Wheezing [2]

Output: continuous, high-pitched squeak or musical sound made as air moves through narrowed or partially obstructed airway passages

Oxygenation Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] If an atom loses an electron, it becomes a(n): [2]

Output: cation

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A molecule that tends to form hydration spheres around it is _____. [2]

Output: hydrophilic

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A saturated fatty acid has a ___ hydrocarbon chain, and is _____ at room temperature. [2]

Output: A saturated fatty acid has a straight hydrocarbon chain, and is solid at room temperature.

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True/False: The primary structure of a protein is determined by its hydrogen bonds [2]

Output: False

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True/False: Water molecules are held to other water molecules by polar covalent bonds [2]

Output: False

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True/False: A solution with a pH of 9 would have a higher free H+ concentration than a solution with a pH of 6. [2]

Output: False

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True/False: When the body experiences a drop in blood calcium levels, the body secretes a hormone that causes the bone to break down (resulting in the release of calcium into the blood stream). This is an example of positive feedback. [2]

Output: False

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True/False: Lipids are examples of hydrophobic molecules. [2]

Output: True

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True/False: Enzymes can only catalyze a reaction one time before being degraded by lysosomes. [2]

Output: False

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons is called a(n): [2]

Output: ionic bond

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Three fatty acids attach to a glycerol molecule to form a triglyceride in a process called _____. [2]

Output: dehydration synthesis

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The plasma membrane is composed of _____ [2]

Output: phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Where is energy stored in an ATP molecule? [2]

Output: phosphate bonds

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A substrate binds to an enzyme at its ____. [2]

Output: active site

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Microvilli are abundant on: [2]

Output: cells along the small intestine/digestive tract

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following is NOT a function of a protein: a. support b. metabolism regulation c. immune system defenses (antibodies) d. movement e. storage of genetic information [2]

Output: e. storage of genetic information

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The three base sequence on the mRNA molecule that recognizes and binds to the three base sequence on the tRNA molecule is the: [2]

Output: codon

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] During _____, an anticodon binds to a codon in the _____. [2]

Output: During translation, an anticodon binds to a codon in the cytosol.

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Monosaccharides are a. polar b. nonpolar c. amphipathic [2]

Output: a. polar

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Compare/Contrast the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum versus the functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum [2]

Output: smooth ER lipid and carbohydrate synthesis rough ER newly synthesized proteins are chemically modified & packaged for export to Golgi apparatus

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The presence of ___ chemical groups makes carbohydrates __. [2]

Output: The presence of hydroxyl chemical groups makes carbohydrates polar.

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Each of the following statements concerning hydrogen bonds is true except one. Identify the exception. a. Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms (e.g. oxygen) b. Hydrogen bonds can occur within a single molecule c. Hydrogen bonds can form between neighboring molecules d. Hydrogen bonds are important forces for holding large molecules together e. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the unique properties of water [2]

Output: a. Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms (e.g. oxygen)

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] __ are molecules that contain primarily carbons and hydrogens linked together by non-polar covalent bonds. [2]

Output: Lipids

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Explain why phospholipids are amphiphatic [2]

Output: Polar head due to phosphate group; non-polar tails due to fatty acids

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] T/F: Interstitial fluid is a component of extracellular fluid. [2]

Output: True

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The function of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) is to conserve water by decreasing urine output. According to the negative feedback mechanism, ADH will be secreted when the: A) Body is running low in water B) Body has an excess amount of water C) Pituitary gland is extremely dry D) Kidneys are not functioning properly [2]

Output: A) Body is running low in water

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] T/F: There are more organelles than cells in the body. [2]

Output: True

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] T/F: The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration. [2]

Output: True

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] T/F: Hydrolysis is an example of a catabolic reaction in which a large molecule is broken down into smaller molecules. [2]

Output: True

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The ___ determines the extent of the error signal in a feedback loop, in order to initiate the appropriate response. [2]

Output: control center

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A bond in which electrons are shared unequally occurs in which of the following compounds: a) NaCl b) oxygen c) water d) sucrose e) steroid [2]

Output: c) water

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] 12. Which of the following reactions represents a catabolic reaction? a. A + B → C+ D b. A+ B → AB c. AB → A + B d. C + D → AB [2]

Output: c. AB → A + B

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] T/F: If a molecule is polar it can pass through a cell membrane. [2]

Output: False

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] When an atom is electrically charged (positive or negative), it is known as a(n)__. [2]

Output: ion

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] During translation, ___ is synthesized in the ___. [2]

Output: Protein: cytoplasm

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What strand of mRNA would be synthesized from the following strand of DNA: AATG? [2]

Output: UUAC

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The portion of DNA that codes for a particular protein is called a ___. [2]

Output: gene

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a molecule of water are held together by a(n) _______ bond. [2]

Output: polar covalent

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] T/F: Thymine is a pyrimidine that binds adenine. [2]

Output: True

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Name and describe three differences between the structure of DNA and RNA. [2]

Output: DNA: deoxyribose sugar, RNA: ribose sugar DNA: ATCG, RNA: AUCG DNA: double stranded, RNA typically single stranded

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The sum of the thousands of chemical reactions that occur within the body is called ________. [2]

Output: metabolism

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Chemical reactions that involve the production of a phosphate bond are called ________ reactions. [2]

Output: phosphorylation

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] During what type of reaction are electrons removed from the reactant? [2]

Output: oxidation

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following is not one of the factors that affect the rate of reactions? A.height of the activation energy barrier b. temperature c. transition state d. reactant and prodcut concentration [2]

Output: transition state

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Decreasing temperatures will ________ the frequency of collisions between molecules, thereby ________ the reaction rate. [2]

Output: decrease : decreasing

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Enzymes act as ________ to increase reaction rate. [2]

Output: catalysts

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] a. increasing the concentration of reactants b. increasing the activation energy barrier c. increasing the temperature d. adding a catalyst e. adding an enzyme [2]

Output: increasing the activation energy barrier

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Enzymes are what class of molecule? [2]

Output: proteins

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] How do enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions? [2]

Output: bringing the substrates together to undergo collision

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The greater the attractive forces between substrate and enzyme, that enzyme is said to have a higher ________ for the substrate. [2]

Output: affinity

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An increase in the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate will increase the reaction rate. [2]

Output: TRUE

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An increase in the concentration of enzyme will increase the reaction rate. [2]

Output: TRUE

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] During glycolysis, glucose is broken down, yielding what type of molecule? [2]

Output: 2 pyruvate

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following does NOT occur in mitochondria? [2]

Output: conversion of pyruvate to lactate

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The final product of glycolysis under aerobic conditions is pyruvate. What happens to pyruvate under aerobic conditions? [2]

Output: Pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix where it is converted into acetyl CoA.

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Where are the enzymes of glycolysis located within the cell? [2]

Output: cytosol

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is the final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport? [2]

Output: oxygen

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Where is the electron transport chain? [2]

Output: inner mitochondrial membrane

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ATP synthase is able to use the potential energy that originates from ________ to produce ATP. [2]

Output: the hydrogen gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Under anaerobic conditions, what is pyruvate converted to and where does this occur? [2]

Output: lactate in the cytosol

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pyruvate is converted to lactate in the cytosol under anaerobic conditions, but it is converted to acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix under aerobic conditions. [2]

Output: TRUE

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following molecules is NOT converted to glucose through the process of gluconeogenesis? A. lactate b. pyruvate c. amino acids d. glycerol e. fatty acids [2]

Output: fatty acids

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is glycogenolysis? [2]

Output: the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of the following molecules is a substrate for gluconeogenesis? [2]

Output: amino acids and glycerol only

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Glycogenolysis is an example of a catabolic reaction. [2]

Output: TRUE

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Regulation of an enzyme through reversible binding of a modulator to a regulatory site on an enzyme is specifically called ________. [2]

Output: allosteric regulation

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] During aerobic respiration, __ is oxidized and __ is reduced to form __ and __. [2]

Output: Glucose; oxygen; carbon dioxide; water

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True/False: After a triglyceride is broken down, fatty acids undergo beta oxidation to form multiple acetyl CoA molecules that can enter the Kreb’s Cycle to form ATP. [2]

Output: true

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The movement of oxygen from a higher concentration in the lungs to a lower concentration in the blood stream is an example of: [2]

Output: simple diffusion

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane with the same properties as a cell membrane. Solution A is a 5 percent large globular protein solution and solution B is a 10 percent large globular protein solution. Under these circumstances, which of the following would most likely occur: [2]

Output: water will move from solution A to solution B

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] A red blood cells placed into a hypertonic solution will: [2]

Output: shrink

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True/False: Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires ATP to undergo a conformational shape change within the membrane. [2]

Output: true

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid is a(n) ____ process. [2]

Output: anaerobic

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True/False: A modulator molecule binds to an enzyme at the regulatory site to change the shape or activity of that enzyme. [2]

Output: true

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] True/False: Glucose can be broken down to form ATP, fat (fatty acids), and amino acids. [2]

Output: true

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What process(es) increase after you have eaten a high-carbohydrate meal (circle all that apply): a. glycogenolysis b. glycogenesis c. gluconeogenesis d. insulin release e. glucagon release [2]

Output: b. glycogenesis and d. insulin release

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The inside of a cell is more negative with respect to the outside of the cell. Explain WHY. [2]

Output: excess of anions on the inside of the cell; excess of cations on the outside of the cell

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] How would boiling an enzyme affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction? [2]

Output: Boiling an enzyme would increase the temperature of the enzyme which the enzyme functions best at 40 degrees Celsius which lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction

BIO 219: Quiz Questions Flashcards - Cram.com