Input: [1] Processing Cash Receipts [2]

Output: Remittance advice Prelisting of Cash Receipts- Person listing cash receieved who has no duty to post to general ledger- Bank


Input: [1] Understanding A/R IC [2]

Output: Flow charts Inquiries w/ questionaire walk through of sales


Input: [1] Key Controls of Sales [2]

Output: Separation of duties Proper Authorization- credit, shipping, prices i.e. shipping terms, freight, discounts Adequate Documents and Records Prenumbered Documents Monthly Statements Internal Verification Procedures- i.e checking prenumbered documents, accuracy of document preparation


Input: [1] Lapping [2]

Output: Postponement of entries of cash receipts to conceal an existing shortage


Input: [1] Prepare proof of cash receipts [2]

Output: al recorded cash receipts are in the bank


Input: [1] Realizable Value [2]

Output: essential balance related audit objective because collectibility is a major financial item. periodic aging schedule,


Input: [1] nonsampling risk [2]

Output: risk that audit tests do not uncover existing exceptions in the sample


Input: [1] causes of nonsampling risk [2]

Output: auditor's failure to recognize exceptions inappropriate or ineffective audit procedure


Input: [1] sampling risk [2]

Output: risk the auditor comes to the wrong conclusion because sample misrepresents the population


Input: [1] ways of controlling sampling risk [2]

Output: adjust sample size use an appropriate method of seleting sample items


Input: [1] methods of sampling [2]

Output: statistical-using mathematical rules nonstatistical


Input: [1] directed sample selection [2]

Output: deliberately select each nonprobabilistic sample item based on judgement ie large dollar coverage, items with high risk of misstatements


Input: [1] block sample selection [2]

Output: nonprobabilistic blocks of transactions


Input: [1] haphazard selection [2]

Output: nonprobabilistic selection without bias,


Input: [1] random [2]

Output: probabilistic every combination has an equal chance of selection


Input: [1] Systematic selection [2]

Output: probabilistic calculates an interval based on sample size biased because first number is chosen


Input: [1] probability proportional to size [2]

Output: take a sample in which the probability of selecting any individual item is proportional to its recorded amount


Input: [1] stratified selection [2]

Output: divide the population into suvpopulations usually by dollar size and take larger samples from them


Input: [1] Methodology of designing tests of details of balances [2]

Output: 1. id business risks of account 2. set tolerable misstatements= and assess inherent risk 3. assess control risk 4. design and perform substantive test of controls and transactions 5. analytics 6. tests of details


Input: [1] business risks of a/r [2]

Output: risk outside risks that may affect balance ie realizable value


Input: [1] 3 major internal controls of a/r [2]

Output: controls that prevent or detect embezzlement controls over cutoff controls related to ada


Input: [1] relationship to sales and collection cycle [2]

Output: occurence of sales cycle affects existence of a/r completeness affects completeness


Input: [1] most important test of detail of a/r [2]

Output: confirmation test existence, accuracy


Input: [1] cutoff [2]

Output: important obtained by using the number of the last shipping document and comparing against current and subsequent transactions


Input: [1] test for rights to a/r [2]

Output: review minutes, confirm with banks, debt contracts,


Input: [1] negative confirmation [2]

Output: can be used when: 1. many small accounts 2. combined control and inherent risk is low 3. response rates to previous year's positive confirmations was high


Input: [1] confirmation sampling [2]

Output: stratification, including dollar size and time outstanding


Input: [1] when a/r differences have been resolved [2]

Output: reevaluate internal control


Input: [1] 3 types of tests [2]

Output: tests of controls- the operating effectiveness of controls substantive tests of transactions- effectiveness of controls, monetary correctness of transactions in accounting system tests of details of balances- whether the dollar amounts of accounts are materially misstated


Input: [1] why do auditors perform substantive tests of transactions [2]

Output: to determine whether the exception rate is sufficiently low to reduce assessed conrol risk and thereby reduce tests of details of balances to conclude that the control is operating effectively


Input: [1] funcitions in the purchase cycle [2]

Output: purchase requisition- request goods and services by authorized employee purchase order- document to order goods and services receiving report vendor's invoice voucher- include documents of an acquisitions


Input: [1] vendor's statement [2]

Output: bank statement for vendors


Input: [1] trial balance [2]

Output: prepared from master file, shows current a/p


Input: [1] internal control of payment cycle [2]

Output: proper authorization of purchases separation of asset custody from other functions timely recording and independent review of transactions authorization of payments


Input: [1] four important objectives of a/p [2]

Output: 1. occurrence- recorded acquisitions are for goods and svcs received 2. completeness- existing acquisitions are recorded 3. Accuracy- acquisitions are accurately recorded 4. classification- acquisitions are accurately recorded


Input: [1] three important differences in acquisitions and payments cycle [2]

Output: 1. large number of accounts involved (IS and BS), misclassification is high 2. transactions require much more judgement- reduce tolerable exception rate 3. dollar amounts of individual transactions cover wide range- segregate large dollar items and test on 100% basis


Input: [1] Acquisitions of PPE are different because [2]

Output: 1. few in period 2. material 2. kept and maintained in records for years


Input: [1] ppe [2]

Output: verify current period acqusitions current year disposals ending balance depreciation expense accumulated depr. balance


Input: [1] objectives of current year acquisition of ppe [2]

Output: existence, completeness, accuracy classification


Input: [1] test of acquisition of ppe [2]

Output: vendor invoices


Input: [1] 4 procedures for verifying disposal of ppe [2]

Output: 1. review whether newly acquired assets replace old ones 2. analyze gains and losses on the disposal and misc income for receipts of the assets 3. review plant modificaions and chanfes in product line, property taxes, or inseurance coverage for indications of deletions of equipment 4. make inquiries of management and production personnel about the possibility of the disposal of assets


Input: [1] objectives of verifying ending balance of ppe [2]

Output: existence completeness


Input: [1] objective of depreciation expense [2]

Output: accuracy


Input: [1] prepaid expenses [2]

Output: analytical procedures are often sufficient


Input: [1] Payroll cycle [2]

Output: internal controls are effective for most companies


Input: [1] HR for payroll cycle [2]

Output: rate authorization form deduction authorization form personell records


Input: [1] controls of payroll [2]

Output: time cards job time ticket- indicates which jobs an employe worked on during a given time payroll transaction file- all payroll transactions processed in a period


Input: [1] making sure payroll payment is correct [2]

Output: processed separately from other checks bank rec


Input: [1] most important means to ferify payroll balance [2]

Output: tests of controls and substantive test


Input: [1] reasons for low risk of payroll misstatements [2]

Output: employees are likely to complain to management if they are underpaid transactions are typically uniform and uncomplicated transactions are subject to audit by gov't for taxes


Input: [1] Key controls of payroll [2]

Output: separtion of duties proper authorization adequate documents and records physical control over assets and records independent checks on performance


Input: [1] payroll taxes [2]

Output: auditor must observe at least one form preparation make sure they are timeily


Input: [1] If payroll affects inventory [2]

Output: extend procedures


Input: [1] tests for payroll [2]

Output: test for nonexistent employees- suprise payroll payoff, trace selected transactions to hr documents, compare names on cancelled checks to time cads and other records tests for fraudulent hours- difficult to discover, reconcile total hours paid to independent record of hours worked, observe employee clocking in more than once


Input: [1] two objectives of payroll [2]

Output: 1. accruals are stated correctly- accuracy 2. transactions are recorded in the proper period- cutoff


Input: [1] 5 reason inventory is complex [2]

Output: largest account on balance sheet in different locations making control and counting difficult diverse inventory items make them difficult to count and value valuation is difficult with obsolescence and manufacturing costs must be allocated several acceptable caluation methods


Input: [1] 6 functions of inventory cycle [2]

Output: process purchase orders recieve materials store materials process goods store finished goods ship finished goods


Input: [1] inventory costing systems [2]

Output: job cost- costs are accumulated by individual jobs process cost- accumulated by processes


Input: [1] 5 activities in audit of inventory [2]

Output: 1. acquire and record raw materials and overhead 2. transfer assets and costs 3. ship goods and record revenue 4. physically observe inventory 5. price and compile inventory


Input: [1] Inventory price tests [2]

Output: used to verify that physical count quantities are correctly priced and compiled recalculaitng PxQ, footing inventory summary, tracing totals to ledger


Input: [1] standard cost records [2]

Output: used to independently verifying inventory costs reasonableness


Input: [1] testing valuation of inventory [2]

Output: determine method focus on larger dollar amounts compare inventory to invoices


Input: [1] 4 influential characteristics of capital acquisition cycle [2]

Output: 1. relatively few but highly material transactions 2. exclusionor misstatement of one transaction can be material 3. legal relationship exists between the entity and holder of stock, bond 4. a direct relationship exists between the interest and dividends account and debt and equity


Input: [1] tolerable misstatement of capital acquisition cycle [2]

Output: set low


Input: [1] notes payable objectives [2]

Output: completeness accuracy


Input: [1] tests of n/p [2]

Output: verify schedule


Input: [1] equity objectives [2]

Output: completeness occurrence accuracy


Input: Absorbtion, distrbution, metabolism, and exration [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What are the four steps of pharmacokinetics?


Input: Absorption-The process by which a drug passes from its site of administration into the bloodstream This requires the passage of the drug across cell membranes, unless the drug is given directly into the bloodstream [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: Describe absorbtion?


Input: The amount of the drug that reaches the site of action. IV drugs have 100% bioavailability [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is bioavailability?


Input: it crosses cell mebranes easily. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: IF a drug is lipid soluble what does that mean for its membrane permeability?


Input: Molecular size Lipid solubility Degree of ionization [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: WHat three factors influence mebrane permeablity?


Input: Bloodstreem to tissue [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is distrabution?


Input: Highly lipid soluble drugs [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What drugs can cross the BBB?


Input: none, only free drugs can reach target cells. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: If a drug is bound to a protien what effect will it have on the body?


Input: They often compete for receptors sites on protiens giving a much higher amount of free drug. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is the problem protien binding drugs have with drug drug interactions>


Input: the effect the drug has on the body. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is pharmicdynamics?


Input: the degree of attraction between a drug and a receptor [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: define affinity?


Input: the ability of a drug to activate a receptor following binding [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: Define intrinsic activity?


Input: the degree to which a drug produces its desired effect [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: define Efficacy?


Input: the dose of the drug that is required to achieve 50% of the maximal response. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: define Potency?


Input: A: fetal harm is unlikely B: no evidence of risk in 2nd or 3rd trimester; no risk seen in animal studies, but not confirmed in women during 1st trimester C: risk is unknown; use only if benefit greatly outweighs risk D: evidence of adverse risk X: contraindicated in pregnant women [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: WHat are the different categories of drugs related to pregos?


Input: Complimentary Solo contradctory [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: wHAT ARE THE THREEE TYPES OF DRUG DRUG INTERATIONS?


Input: Very low molecular weight, Radiocative, lipid soluble (anything that cross the BBB), and low protien binding. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What are drug characterisxtics that should be avoided by pregos>


Input: may be either reversible cholinesterase inhibitors, irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors or drugs that promote ACh release or anti-adrenergics. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What are Indirect acting parasympathomimetic drugs ?


Input: sometimes given orally or subcutaneously to treat urinary retention resulting from general anesthetic or diabetic neuropathy of the bladder, or to treat . gastrointestinal atony (lack of muscular tone). The muscarinic receptors in the bladder and gastrointestinal tract stimulate contraction of the bladder and expulsion of urine, and increased gastrointestinal motility, respectively. It is a direct acting parasympathetic drug. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is Bethanechol?


Input: They stimulate receptors directly. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What do direct acting parasympathetic drugs do?


Input: Donepezil (also misspelled donezepil), marketed under the trade name Aricept by its developer Eisai and partner Pfizer, is a centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.[1] Its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is Donepezil?


Input: A beta 1 agonoist a sympathomimetic drug used in the treatment of heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Its primary mechanism is direct [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is dobutamine (Dobutrex)?


Input: is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: WHat is albuterol(Proventil)?


Input: Specifically, prazosin is selective for the alpha-1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle. which lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is prazosin (minopress)?


Input: is a non-selective beta blocker mainly used in the treatment of hypertension. It was the first successful beta blocker developed. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is Propranolol (Inderal)?


Input: selective beta1-adrenoreceptor blocking ,used to treat angina (chest pain) and hypertension (high blood pressure). It is also used to treat or prevent heart attack. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is metoprolol (Lopressor)?


Input: Beta1 agonists: Cardiac arrest, HF, shock (dobutamine, DOBUTREX) Beta2 agonists: Asthma (terbutaline, BRETHINE); decrease uterine contractions (ritodrine, YUTOPAR) [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: WHat is the main use for selective beta agonist drugs?


Input: Alpha1 agonists: Treatment of nasal congestion (oxymetazoline, AFRIN); treatment of shock (norepinephrine, LEVOPHED) Alpha2 agonists: Treatment of HTN (methyldopa, ALDOMET; clonidine, CATAPRES) [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is the main use for selective alpha agonist?


Input: Alpha 1 agonist [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: Which catagory of drugs is used as eye drops and nasal decongestants?


Input: Headache Restlessness Excitement Insomnia Euphoria [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What are the most common side effects when using sympathomimetic agents (adrenergic agonist)?


Input: sympathomimetics-adrenergic agonist Sympatholytics - adrenergic antagonist [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is the difference between sympathomimetics and Sympatholytics ?


Input: Used extensively to treat hypertension. Most widely prescribed class of autonomic drugs. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is the main use for sympatholytic drugs (adrenergic antagonist?


Input: Do not stop abruptly and monitor liver and kidney lab values frequently. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is some of the pt teaching we give with sympatholitc drugs?


Input: Smooth muscle Doxazosin: vasodilatation and decreased BP BPH Increased urinary flow [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: WHat does the sympathlyitc alpha blocker (zonins_ do?


Input: CV system: decrease rate and force of cardiac contraction, slow conduction thru AV node Hypertension Ease pain associated with angina pectoris Treat dysrhythmias [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: what do sympatholyitc beta blockers do(olos)?


Input: Common s/e is orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia Instruct patient about 1st dose effect! [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: WHat adverse effects do zozins have?


Input: Common s/e is orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia Instruct patient about 1st dose effect!, [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What are important things to remember about the adverse effeects of zozins?


Input: lower the heart rate, contrindicated in brady cardia and reynuads disease. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: WHat do zonzins do to heart rate?


Input: Migranes and they are a prego catagory c because they are lipophilic. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What do zozins help treat and what is the pregnencey catagory?


Input: They are cholenesterase inhibters the decrease the fucntion of the AchE and more ach is availible. EX:Aricept(donepezil), neostigmine, tacrine(Cognex) Help treat myestenia gravis and alzihemrs.and is a cure for anticholanergic poisoning. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: WHat do inderatacting cholanergic drugs do and treat?


Input: cholanergic crisis- death from paralysis of respiratory muscles. Cured by anti-cholanergic drugs. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: WHat is a myestenic crises?


Input: Ach- acetocholene [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: To much what causes a cholanergic crises?


Input: Glucoma, xerostomia, and atonic blader, it tones the bladder and tightes the bladder sphinqtor [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What do direct acting cholnergic agonist Treat?


Input: Rememeber when the parasympathetic system is stimulate you are in rest and digest mode and the body begins to secreate more fluids. SLUDGE, Salivation Lacrimation Urinary Incontinence Diarrhea GI cramps Emesis [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What are sighns of a cholenergic crisis or to much acetocholene.


Input: Atrophine-competitive antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What is the antidote to a cholenergic crisis?


Input: THEY LET the sympathtic system take over. go into flight or fight mode. Stomach relaxes, pupils dialate. used in opthalmic procedures. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: WHat do anticholanergic drugs do (parasympatholytics)/


Input: treates urinary incontance, raises HR, decrease respitory secrations, and dialates bronchi. [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: Clinical uses of anticholanergic drugs(parasympatholytics)/


Input: Tachycardia CNS stimulation Urinary retention Dry mouth and eyes Decreased sweating Photophobia Impotence [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: Whast does an Anticholanergic crisis look like?


Input: Immediately report any chest pain, palpitations, blurred vision, headache, seizures, hallucinations, tachycardia [WHat is pharmacokinetics?]

Output: What should pt. be tought to report immedatly when taking anticholanergic drugs?


Input: what are the drugs that are used in acid pepctic siseases [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: antacids H2 receptor blockers propton pump inhibitors sucralfate misoprostil bismuth comoubds


Input: What are some examples of antacids [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: aluminum hydroxids aluminm hydroxid and magnesium hydroxid calcium carbonate


Input: What is the MOA for antacids [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: react with HCl to increase pH


Input: What are some of the adverse reactions of antacids [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: Mg(OH) can cause diarhea Al(oH) causes constipation which is why they are combined Milk alkali syndrome-alkolosis with dairy aluminum and magnesium can cause rean insuffiencey decreased abosorpption of some drugs


Input: What are some examples of H2 receptor blockers [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: histamine cimetidine ranitidine famotidine nizatidiine


Input: MOA of H2 rec. blockers [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: competitive inhibition of H2 receptors on parietal cells decrease HCl secretion


Input: what are some adverse effects of H2 receptor blockers [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: GI effects cimetidine-possible gynecomastia altered mental state in ICU pts interactions


Input: Proton pump inhibitors examples [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: omeprazole pantoprazole lansoprazole rabeprazole


Input: Proton pump inhibitors MOA [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: inhibit H/K ATPase which decreases HCl secretion. significantly


Input: what are some adverse rxn for proton pump inhibitors [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: increased gastrin interactions


Input: What are proton pump inhibitors used in? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: GERD peptic ulcer disease hypersecretor conditions like zellwinger ellinger syndrome


Input: What are some examples of proton pump inhibitors? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: omeprazole(prilosec)


Input: What is the mech of action for sucralfate? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: converted to thick paste binds ulcer acts as a physical barrier


Input: What are some adverse reactions for sucralfate? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: constipation some aluminum absorbed can cause toxicity in renal insuffienct pts interactions


Input: what is the MOA of misoprostil? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: decrease acid secretion increases mucas, bicarb increase mucosal blood flow


Input: what are the adverse rxn of misoprostil [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: diarrhea, abdominal cramps contraindicated in preg. increases uterine contractions


Input: what are some examples of bismuth compounds? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: bismuth subsaliclylate bismuth subcitrate potassium peptobismal


Input: what are some adverse effects of the bismuth compounds? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: darkening of the tongue and stool


Input: what are some uses of bismuth compound? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: dyspepsia, diarrhea, traverer's diarrhea in some regimens against H. Pylori


Input: What are some drugs used to increase GI motility? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: metoclopramide erythromycin


Input: what is the moa of metopclopramide? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: dopamine antagonist stimulation of dopamine receptors inhibits motility of GI so dopamine antagonist would increase motility


Input: What is the use of metopclopramide? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: diabetic gastropariesis


Input: what is the moa of erythomycin [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: stimulates motilin receptors


Input: what is the use of erythromcyin [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: diabetic gasteropariesis


Input: what are some expamples of bulk forming laxatives? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: psyllium (metamucil) methylcellulose polycarbophil


Input: what is the moa of bulk forming laxiatives? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: Absorb water distend colon increase peristalsis


Input: What are some examples of stool softeners? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: docusate(colase)


Input: What is the mech of action of stool softeners? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: decrease surface tension of stoole which leads to increased lipids in stool


Input: What are the two types of osmotic laxatives? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: nonabsorbable sugars and salts balanced polyethylene glycol


Input: What are some examples of nonabsorbable sugrs and salts [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: magnesium hydroxide lactulose magnesiun citrate sodium phosphate


Input: what are some examples of use for balanced pyolyethylene glycol(Golightly) [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: cleansing bowel for endoscopy


Input: what are the two stimulant laxatives? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: anthrauinones(senna, cascara) diphenylmethanes(bisacodyl)


Input: what are some examples of chloride channel activators [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: lubiprostone


Input: what is the moa of lubiprostone [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: increased fluid secretion which increases motility


Input: what are some uses of lubiprostone [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: chronic constipation irritable bowel sydnrome


Input: what are some examples of opiod receptor antagonists [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: methylnaltrexone


Input: what is the moa of methylnaltrexone [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: opioids lead to constipation methylnaltrexone blocks peripheral receptors without entering the brain.


Input: what are some examples of opioid agonist antidiarrheals [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: loperamide-poor entry into CNS diphenyloxylate- higher doses produce CNS effects


Input: what are the different classes of antidiarrheal drugs? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: opioid agonists colloidal bismuth compounds kaolin and pectin bile salt-binding resins octreotide


Input: what is the moa of octreotides [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: synthetic peptide that mimic somatostatin and causes antidiarrheal effects.


Input: what are some drugs used in IBS(irritable bowel syndrome)? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: antispasmodics(anticholinergics serotonin 5 HT3 receptor antagonist chloride receptor activators


Input: what are some examples of serotonin 5 HT3 receptor blockers [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: alosetron


Input: what are some adverse effects of alosetron? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: infrequent but serious GI tox ischemic colitis, constipation with serisou complications participation in prescribing program required for use


Input: what is an example of use for alosetron [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: indicated only in woman with severe diarrhea predominant IBS


Input: what is an example of chloride receptro activator [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: lubriprostone


Input: what are some examples of serotonin 5 HT3 receptor antagonists used for antimimetics [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: ondansetron


Input: what are some adverse effects of ondansetron [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: headache, constipation increased QT interval


Input: what is the moa of ondansetron [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: block peripheral and central 5 HT3 receptors


Input: what is the ending on all 5 HT3 receptor blockers [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: setron


Input: how are the 5 HT3 receptor blockers metabolised? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: hepatic metabolism


Input: What are the examples of neurokinin 1 substance P receptor antagonists used for antimemetics [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: aprepitant fosaprepitant


Input: what is the antimemetic MOA of substnace P receptor blockers [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: blocks central receptors to inhibit bothe the acute and delayed phases of cislatin induced emesis


Input: what are some adverse effects of the neurokinin (sub P) rec. blockers [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: fatigue dizziness diarrhea


Input: what are the examples of the phenothiazines antiemeic drugs [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: prochlorperazine promethazine(phenergin)


Input: what is the moa of the phenothiazines [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: inhibit DA and muscarine receptors inhibit the histamine recprtos


Input: what is the moa of metoclopramide [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: blocks dopamine rec.


Input: what are the adverse effects of metoclopramide? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: extrapyramidal effects


Input: what are some examples of H1 antihistamines and antichlolingergic drugs? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: diphenyhydramine meclizine scopolmine


Input: what is an example of use for the H1 / anticholinergic drugs [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: motion sickness


Input: what are some examples of cannabinoids? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: dronabinal (THC) nabilone


Input: what is the adverse effects of cannabinoids [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: CNS effects


Input: what are some drugs used to treat IBS [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: aminosalicylates glucocorticoids purine analogs methotrexte anti TNF antibodies anti integrins


Input: Why are aminosalicylates made as azo compounds [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: bc aminosalicylates provide topical relief to IBS in the colon, but are absorbed in the proximal bowel. azo compounds are not absorbed until they are broken down into aminosalicylsates in the colon.


Input: what are some examples of the aminosalicylates? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: azo compounds -sulfasalzine, olsalazine, baslsalazid 5-ASA -mesalamine- non azo formulation usually given in casuple that allows it to only be released in the colon.


Input: what are some adverse effects found in the aminosalicylates? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: sulfasalazine- leads to GI upset headache hypersensistiviy, reversable oligospermia, decreased folate absorption other forumations of the aminosalicylates cause less adverse effects


Input: what are some uses of aminosalicylates [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: ulcderative ccolites crohns disease


Input: Whater are some examples of purine analogs? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: azathioprine 6 mercaptopurine


Input: what is the mechanism of action in 6-mercaptorpurine [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: active nucleotides interfere with multiple reactions also incorporated into DNA and RNA.


Input: what are some adverse effects found in 6 mercaptopurines? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: BM Liver imunosuppporesionn


Input: what is the moa of methotrexates? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: inhibit DHRF which is needed for a step in DNA synthesis


Input: what are some examples of the anti TNF antibodies used in inflammatory bowel disease [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: infiximab adalimumab certolizumbad.


Input: what is the moa of infliximab? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: chimeric that binds TNF


Input: what are some adverse effects of infliximab [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: increased risk of infection infusino reaction serum sickness devlopment of antiobdies to drug reports of lymphomas


Input: what are some uses of infliximab [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: chrons ulcerative colits


Input: what are some examples of anti integrin therapy used in inflamatory bowel? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: natalizumam(tysarbi)


Input: what is the moa of natalizumab [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: binds to alpha4 integrin which decreases extravasation of some cells to inflammatorory area


Input: what are some adverse effects of natalizumab? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: increases risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, an opportunistic viral infection of the brain that usualy leads to death ro severe disability.


Input: examples of use fore natalizumab [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: indicated for severe crohns with evidence of inflammation who have inadequeate respone to other conventional therapies and the inhibitors of TNF alpha, never use in combonation with immunosupppresants


Input: what is an example of pancreatic enzyme supplements used to treat inflamatory bowel syndrome [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: pancrelipase


Input: what are some adverse effects of pancrelipase [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: fibrosing colonopathy increased uric acid allergic reactions


Input: what is an example of use for pancrelipase [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: exocrine pancreatic insufficiency cystic fibrosis


Input: What is bile acid therapy used for ? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: gallstones


Input: what are some examples of bile acid therapy [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: ursodilol


Input: what are some drugs used to treat variceal bleeding? [ACh histimines Gastrin]

Output: octreotide beta blockers


Input: [2] study of disease [1]

Output: pathology

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] stody of the cause of a disease [1]

Output: etiology

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] development of disease [1]

Output: pathogenesis

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] colonization of the body by pathogens [1]

Output: infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] an abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally [1]

Output: disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] may be present for days weeks or months [1]

Output: transient microbiota

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] permanently colonize the host [1]

Output: normal microbiota

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] nose throat eyes mouth skin LGI urinary and reproductive sys [1]

Output: normal microbiota located

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] occupy niches that pathogens might occupy producing acids producing bacteriocins [1]

Output: normal microbiota protect host by

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] is a competition b/w microbes [1]

Output: microbial antagonism

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] live microbes applied to or ingested into body, intended to exert a beneficial effect [1]

Output: probiotic

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] relationship b/w normal microbiota and host [1]

Output: symbiosis

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] one organism benefits, other is unaffected [1]

Output: commensalism

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] both organisms benefit [1]

Output: mutualism

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] one organism benefits at the expense of the other [1]

Output: parasitism

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ordinarily do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person but may do so in a different environment [1]

Output: opportunistic pathogen

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] used to prove cause of infectious disease 1. same pathogen present in every case 2. isolated and grown in pure culture 3. cause disease when inoculated into healthy animal 4. pathogen isolated from incoulated animal and shown to be original pathogen [1]

Output: koch's postulates

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] HIV virus uncurable pathogens ethical considerations diseases caused by 1+ pathogen pathogens ignored as potential causes of disease pathogens that cause disease in humans only pathogens that cause several disease conditions [1]

Output: Koch's exceptions

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] chang ein body function that is felt by pt as a result of disease [1]

Output: symptom

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] change in body that can be measured or observed as result of disease [1]

Output: sign

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease [1]

Output: syndrome

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] disease that is spread from one host to another [1]

Output: communicable disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] disease that is easily spread from one host to another [1]

Output: contagious disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] disease that is not transmitted from one host to another [1]

Output: non-communicable disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fraction of population that contracts a disease during a specific time [1]

Output: incidence

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] fraction of population having a specific disease at a given time [1]

Output: prevalence

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] disease that occurs occasionally in a population [1]

Output: sporadic disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] disease constantly present in a population [1]

Output: endemic disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time [1]

Output: epidemic disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] worldwide epidemic [1]

Output: pandemic disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] immunity in most of a population [1]

Output: herd immunity

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] symptoms develop rapidly [1]

Output: acute disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] disease develops slowly [1]

Output: chronic disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] symptoms b/w acute and chronic [1]

Output: sub-acute disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] disease w periods of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive [1]

Output: latent disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pathogens are limited to small area of body [1]

Output: local infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] infection throughout the body [1]

Output: systemic infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] systemic infection that began as a local infection [1]

Output: focal infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] toxic infammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins from focus of infection [1]

Output: sepsis

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] bacteria in blood [1]

Output: bacteremia

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] growth of bacteria in blood [1]

Output: septicemia

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] toxins in blood [1]

Output: toxemia

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] viruses in blood [1]

Output: viremia

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acute infection that cuses initial illness [1]

Output: primary infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] opportunistic infection after a primary infection [1]

Output: secondary infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] no noticable signs or symptoms [1]

Output: subclinical disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] short urethra in females inherited traits climate/weather fatigue age lifestyle chemotherapy stress occupation [1]

Output: predisposing factors to disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] incubation period prodromal period period of illness period of decline period of convalescence [1]

Output: stages of disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] period b/w initial infection and first appearance of signs or symptoms [1]

Output: incubation period

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] early mild symptoms of some illnesses ache and malaise [1]

Output: prodromal period

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] disease most severe overt signs/symptoms wbc count low/high pt dies if not overcome [1]

Output: period of illness

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] signs and symptoms subside vulnerable to secondary infections [1]

Output: period of decline

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] regain strength and return to pre-disease state can spread disease [1]

Output: period of convalescence

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] animal human carrier non-living [1]

Output: reservoir of infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] contact vehicle vector [1]

Output: transmission of disease

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] spread of agent of disease by direct, indirect or droplet transmission [1]

Output: contact

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] requires close association b/w infected and susceptible host hard to determine [1]

Output: direct contact

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] spread by fomites, tissues, towels, equipment [1]

Output: indirect contact

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] airborne droplets travel short distances [1]

Output: droplet

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] transmission of disease agent via inanimate water, food, air, blood, fluid [1]

Output: vehicle

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] animals that cary pathogens from one host to another arthropods most common: fleas, ticks, mosquitoes [1]

Output: vector

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] arthropod carries pathogen on feet passive [1]

Output: mechanical transmission by vector

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] pathogen reproduces in vector active process: bites infected animal and ingests blood pathogen reproduced in vector increase # defecate while biting host & parasite enters wound [1]

Output: biological transmission

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] acquired at hospital 5-15% pts [1]

Output: nosocomial infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] hospital staff - patient patient - patient [1]

Output: direct contact nosocomial infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ventilation sys fomites [1]

Output: indirect contact nosocomial infection

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] skin, mucous membranes, placenta, parenteral route (break in skin/puncture) [1]

Output: portals of entry

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] incidence of specific notifiable disease [1]

Output: morbidity

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] death from notifiable disease [1]

Output: mortality

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given period of time [1]

Output: morbidity rate

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] number of deaths from disease in relation to the population in a given time [1]

Output: mortality rate

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] one whose resistance to infection is impaired by disease, therapy or burns, broken skin or syppressed immune system [1]

Output: compromised host

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] ear wax blood flakes of skin feces semen /lubricating secretions tears snot saliva, sputum breast milk, secretions vaginal secretions and blood urine [1]

Output: movement of pathogen out of host

Principles of Infectious Disease Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: As a sailor, what action must you take in order to get paid? [three]

Output: open a savings or a checking account

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Define Incentive Pay [three]

Output: Pay you get for certain types of duty that are usually considered hazardous

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Define Basic Pay [three]

Output: The pay you get that's based on your paygrade and length of service

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: You are getting a selective reenlistment bonus. What type of pay are you receiving? [three]

Output: special pay

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is an allowance? [three]

Output: Money used to reimburse you for expenses necessary for you to do your job

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: You are entitled to an annual clothing maintenance allowance after you have been on active duty for what length of time? [three]

Output: 6 months

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What offices can provide you information about the types of allowances to which you're entitled? [three]

Output: disbursing and personnel

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How is your housing allowance shown on the LES? [three]

Output: BAH

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An allotment is money you have withheld from your pay and paid directly to someone else. There are how many categories of authorized allotments? [three]

Output: 5

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What office should you notify if you think that you're being overpaid? [three]

Output: disbursing

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True or False. By looking at your LES, you can find the amount of allowances you have earned. [three]

Output: True

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True or False. Leave and liberty are times you're authorized to spend away from work and off duty. They are combined on the LES. [three]

Output: False

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: You earn a certain number of leave days each year you serve on active duty. What is the maximum number of days of leave you can earn in a year? [three]

Output: 30

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True or False. Regular liberty is usually granted as a 4-day period? [three]

Output: False

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Under certain circumstances, what is the maximum number of days special liberty a CO can grant? [three]

Output: 4 days

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What type of leave is NOT charged to your earned, annual, or excess leave account? [three]

Output: convalescent leave

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What form should you use to request either regular or emergency leave? [three]

Output: NAVCOMPT form 3065

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True or False. The safest and most convenient way for you to keep track of your money is to open a checking account. [three]

Output: True

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is one way you can avoid bouncing a check? [three]

Output: balance your checkbook

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are some types of voluntary allotments? [three]

Output: life insurance payments, mortgage paymetns, payment to family members

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are some types of involuntary allotments? [three]

Output: garnishment of pay, AAFES garnishments

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the key to money management? [three]

Output: using a budget

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Define deductions [three]

Output: The amount of money taken from pay for income taxes, social security, SGLI, and so forth

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Define allotments [three]

Output: the money taken from gross income to pay debts to the United States

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Define Net income [three]

Output: the money paid to a member after all deductions and allotments are paid

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Define fixed [three]

Output: expenses that are the same each month

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What type of expense is rent? [three]

Output: a fixed expense

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: You are planning a budget. What is the first thing for which you should plan? [three]

Output: savings

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: According to the U.S. Department of Labor, approximately what percentage of your income should be budgeted for housing costs? [three]

Output: 25%

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True or False. Credit is buying now and paying later at no extra cost [three]

Output: False

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What method, if any, can you use to find the total amount you will pay for a loan? [three]

Output: subtract the price of the purchase from the total amount you will pay for the loan

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Good credit is priceless for which of the following reasons? [three]

Output: in emergencies

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the principles of using credit? [three]

Output: Don't use credit for splurging, make as large a down payment as possible, use credit to purchase goods that will last for a long time

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the maximum life insurance coverage under the SGLI program? [three]

Output: $200,000

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Who is responsible for the safety, health, and well-being of your family? [three]

Output: yourself

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the result of abusive behavior of Navy personnel? [three]

Output: destroyed lives, negative morale of the military unit, bad reputation of the military in the civilian community

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What program was established to help families in distress? [three]

Output: Family Advocacy Program (FAP)

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Victims of spouse or child abuse can report incidents directly to what persons/activities? [three]

Output: FAO, FSC, medical treatment center

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: True or False. Stress happens when there is an imbalance between the demands of our lives and the means we have to deal with those demands. [three]

Output: True

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the three means we can use to deal with stress? [three]

Output: Acceptance, attitude, and perspective

Basic Military Requirements NAVEDTRA 14325 Chapter 17 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Capital gains tax] IRA

Output: Individual Retirement Account that has tax advantages because income deposited into these accounts is not taxed until it is withdrawn at retirement and interest earned on the accounts is not taxed

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] Consumption tax

Output: ONLY goods and services consumed are taxed

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] Corporate profit tax

Output: tax on a companies profits...a decrease would make companies invest more so they get taxed less from their incomes

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] investment tax credit

Output: decrease taxes on a company's investments

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] Governments budget deficit

Output: spending > tax revenues t-g<0 Gov. gets money by issuing bonds decreases household saving

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] Governments budget surplus

Output: tax revenues > spending t-g>0 gov. pays back bond holders increases household saving

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] How the capital gains tax shifts the supply curve

Output: an increase in this tax will shift to the left b/c households want to save less

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] How IRA requirements shifts the supply curve

Output: lessening the restrictions causes a shift to the right b/c households want to save

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] how income tax rate shifts the supply curve

Output: decreasing this tax will shift to the right b/c households want to save

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] the affect on supply curve of switching to only consumption tax

Output: households have more income and only get taxed on what they consume so they want to save more which shifts to the right

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] How the governments budget surplus affects supply curve

Output: shifts to right b/c households have money paid back to them

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] how the governments budget deficit affects supply curve

Output: shifts to left b/c households have less money from buying gov. bonds

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] how the corporate profit tax affects the demand curve

Output: decrease on profit tax shifts demand curve to right b/c firms want to invest (need to borrow)

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] how the investment tax credit affects the demand curve

Output: decrease on investment tax makes firms need to demand loans...shifts curve to right

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: [Capital gains tax] "crowding out"

Output: the government's needs to borrow takes away from firm's and household's money to invest

Financial system, unemployment, the monetary system, and money growth and inflation Flashcards - Cram.com

tax taken on a households income, wage, salary...decreases their incentive to save


Input: Why do disks always beat hoops when rolling down ramps? [disks]

Output: Disks have more rotational inertia (since the average location of the mass radius is shorter, no matter what size the disk)


Input: Does it matter how big or how massive a disk or hoop is when letting them race each other down ramps? [disks]

Output: No -- disks always beat hoops, no matter the size


Input: Rotational inertia is increased by increasing the ___ of the object or the ___ where it's located [disks]

Output: mass radius


Input: Why do tightrope walkers carry a long pole? [disks]

Output: The long pole has a large rotational inertia -- making it difficult to set in motion.


Input: What does it mean to have a large rotational inertia? [disks]

Output: It means that it's hard to set the object in rotational motion.


Input: How does a short pendulum swing compared to a long arm pendulum? [disks]

Output: The short one swings faster?


Input: Why do short pendulums swing faster than long ones? [disks]

Output: They have a smaller rotational inertia -- easier to set in motion.


Input: What effect does the mass of a pendulum bob have on the swing rate of a pendulum? [disks]

Output: No effect. Mass does not matter.


Input: If you double the length of a pendulum, the period of swing will be longer by what factor? [disks]

Output: about 1.4 times (square root of 2); T is proportional to root of length;


Input: What do we call the point around which all the mass of an object seems to be centered? [disks]

Output: Center of gravity


Input: When an object is set into rotation, it rotates around the .... [disks]

Output: center of gravity


Input: Does the center of gravity actually have to physically be in an object? [disks]

Output: No


Input: Where is the center of gravity of a doughnut? [disks]

Output: in the hole


Input: When you toss a tennis racket to someone, will the racket obey the rules of projectiles and follow a curved trajectory? [disks]

Output: Yes. The center of gravity is the one point that follows the trajectory.


Input: What must happen for an object to fall over? [disks]

Output: Center of gravity must extend beyond the support base -- not over the support base.


Input: If you hit an object exactly at the center of gravity, will it rotate? [disks]

Output: No. It will probably move, but it won't rotate.


Input: When a torque is applied perpendicularly to the side of football's tip, what will the ball do? [disks]

Output: It will rotate end over end. (The ball has been kicked.)


Input: Torque is defined as the ____ applied perpendicularly to an object times the ____ of rotation. [disks]

Output: force radius


Input: What are units for torque? [disks]

Output: N m [Newton-meter] kg m^2 / s^2


Input: A force of 5 N applied perpendicularly to a wheel of radius 0.5 m has a torque of.... [disks]

Output: 2.5 N m


Input: If a torques of 5 N m and 3 N m are applied to one side of lever, then what torque must be applied to the other side of the lever? [disks]

Output: 8 N m


Input: Why are doorknobs placed at the edge of a door than in the center of the door? [disks]

Output: Longer radius means that the force to move the door will be smaller.


Input: How do you find the center of gravity of an object? [disks]

Output: Balance on your finger. or... Hang plumb bobs from 2 locations on the hanging object to see where the lines intersect.


Input: Why do satellites, like our moon, not ever hit the earth if they are falling into each other? [disks]

Output: The curvature of the earth matches the fall rate of the satellites. [A tangent line to the earth be 8 km long would extend 4.9 m above the earth at it's far point. 4.9 m is the distance an object falls in 1 second.]


Input: Absence of crystalline lens [Astigmatism]

Output: Aphakia

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Corrected with convex lens [Astigmatism]

Output: Hyperopia

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Image focused behind retina [Astigmatism]

Output: Hyperopia

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Abnormally long eyeball [Astigmatism]

Output: Myopia

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Excessive light refraction [Astigmatism]

Output: Myopia

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Corrected with a concave lens [Astigmatism]

Output: Myopia

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Unequal Corneal curvature [Astigmatism]

Output: Astigmatism

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: No accommodation for distance vision with accommodation for near Vision [Astigmatism]

Output: Emmetropia

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Insufficient light refraction [Astigmatism]

Output: Hyperopia

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Abnormally short eyeball [Astigmatism]

Output: Hyperopia

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Image focused in front of retina [Astigmatism]

Output: Myopia

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: To determine if an unconscious patient has contact lens in place, the nurse should? [Astigmatism]

Output: use a pen light to shine a light obliquely over the eyeball.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the most common correction for aphasia is [Astigmatism]

Output: surgical implantation of interocular lens

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A patent tells the nurse or admission to the health care facility that he recently has been classified as legally blind. The nurse recognizes that the patient? [Astigmatism]

Output: may be able to perform many tasks and activities with Vision enhancement techniques.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Identify five nursing measures that should be implemented to increase a Visually impaired patient's safety and comfort. [Astigmatism]

Output: 1. address the patient, not others with the patient. talk in a NORMAL conversational Voice/tone. 2. face the patient and make eye Contact. 3. Introduce yourself when approaching patient and let patient know when you are leaving. 4. Do not move objects positioned by patients without patient's consent and knowledge. 5. Ask patient what help is needed and how to provide it.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A patient is admitted to the ED with a wood splinter in bedded in the right eye. An appropriate intervention by the nurse is to? [Astigmatism]

Output: Cover the eye with a dry sterile patch and a protective shield.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Acute bacterial conjunctivitis [Astigmatism]

Output: Pinkeye

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: keratoconus [Astigmatism]

Output: corneal degeneration

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Keratitis [Astigmatism]

Output: Inflammation of the cornea

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Epidemic keratotoconjunctivitis [Astigmatism]

Output: Viral infection spread by direct or sexual contact.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: chalazion [Astigmatism]

Output: Inflammation of the eyelid

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Trachoma [Astigmatism]

Output: Blindness-causing Keratoconjunctivitis

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hordeolum [Astigmatism]

Output: Sty

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The nurse teaches all patients a with conjectural infections to use? [Astigmatism]

Output: frequent and thorough hand washing to avid spreading the infection.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A patient with early cataracts tells the nurse that he is afraid cataract surgery may cause permanent Visual damage. the nurse informs the patient that? [Astigmatism]

Output: Vision-enhancement techniques may improve vision until surgery becomes an acceptable option to maintain desired activity.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A 6o-year-old patient is being prepared for outpatient cataract surgery. when obtaining admission data from the patient, the nurse world expect to find that the patient has a history of? [Astigmatism]

Output: a gradual loss of vision with abnormal color perception and glare.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A patient with bilateral cataracts is scheduled for an extracapsular cataract extraction with an interocular lens implantation of one eye. Preoperatively, the nurse should? [Astigmatism]

Output: assess the visual acuity in the inoperative eye to plan the need for postoperative assistance.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Retinal tears leading to retinal detachment are most often caused by? [Astigmatism]

Output: Vitreous shrinking during aging that pulls and tears retina.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the leakage of vitreous humor into the Subretinal space, separating the sensory retina from the pigment epithelium is termed a _____ retinal detachment. [Astigmatism]

Output: rhegmatogenous

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Treatments for retinal detachment that are used to create am inflammation and scarring between the retina and the Choroid include ______ and _____. [Astigmatism]

Output: laser photocoagulation Cryproxy

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the surgical procedure that involves physical indentation of the globe to bring the pigmented epithelium, the choroids and sclera in contact with a detached retina is known as______? [Astigmatism]

Output: Sclera Buckling

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: following sclera buckling with a pneumatic retinopexy, the nurse plans postoperatively care of the patient based on the knowledge that? [Astigmatism]

Output: Specific positioning and activity restrictions are likely to be required for several days.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In caring for the patient with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), it is important for the nurse to? [Astigmatism]

Output: emphasize the use of vision enhancement techniques to improve what vision is present.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a patient with wet ARMD is treated with photodynamic therapy. after the procedure the nurse instructs the patient to? [Astigmatism]

Output: Completely cover all the skin to avoid a thermal burn from sunlight.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Visual impairment occurring with glaucoma results from? [Astigmatism]

Output: ischemic pressure on the retina and optic nerve.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An important health promotion nursing intervention that is relevant to glaucoma is? [Astigmatism]

Output: promoting regular measurements of interocular pressure for early detection and treatment of glaucoma.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: resistance to aqueous humor outflow through trabecular meshwork [Astigmatism]

Output: POAG Primary open-angle glaucoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: treated with iridotomy/iridectomy [Astigmatism]

Output: PACG Primary angle-closure glaucoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Administration of hypertonic oral and IV fluids [Astigmatism]

Output: PACG Primary angle-closure glaucoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: caused by lens blocking pupillary opening [Astigmatism]

Output: PACG Primary angle-closure glaucoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: may be caused by increased production of aqueous humor [Astigmatism]

Output: POAG Primary open-angle glaucoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Causes sudden severe eye pain associated with nausea and vomiting [Astigmatism]

Output: PACG Primary angle-closure glaucoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: causes loss of central vision with corneal edema [Astigmatism]

Output: PACG Primary angle-closure glaucoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Treated with beta-adrenergic blocking agents [Astigmatism]

Output: POAG Primary open-angle glaucoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Gradual loss of peripheral vision [Astigmatism]

Output: POAG Primary open-angle glaucoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: treated with trabeculoplasty/trabeculectomy [Astigmatism]

Output: POAG Primary open-angle glaucoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Betaxolol [Astigmatism]

Output: beta blocker decreases aqueous humor production

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dipivefrin [Astigmatism]

Output: an adreneric agonist and decreases aqueous humor production

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Carbachol [Astigmatism]

Output: a cholinergic agent that stimulates iris sphincter contraction leading to miosis and opening of the trabecular network, increasing aqueous outflow

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: acetazolamide [Astigmatism]

Output: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases aqueous humor production

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: one of the nurse's roles in preservation of hearing includes? [Astigmatism]

Output: monitoring patients at risk for drug-induced ototoxicity for tinnitus and vertigo

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a 74-year-old man has moderate presbycusis and heart disease. he takes one aspirin a day as an antiplatelet agent and uses quinidine, furosemide (Lasix) and enalapril (vasotec) for his heart condition. what risk factors are present for ototoxicity in this situation? [Astigmatism]

Output: age and 3 ototoxic drugs

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Nursing management of the patient with external otitis includes [Astigmatism]

Output: administering eardrops without touching the dropper to the auricle and positioning the ear upward for 2 minutes afterward

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: acute otitis is most commonly treated with _______ to resolve this increased pressure and inflammation in the middle ear. [Astigmatism]

Output: antibiotics

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: in chronic otitis media, formation of an _______ may destroy the structures of the middle ear or invade the dura of the brain. [Astigmatism]

Output: cholesteatoma

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a _________ may be used to insert an ossicular prostheses and a tympanic membrane graft in patients with chronic otitis media [Astigmatism]

Output: tympanoplasty

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the patient who has had a myringotomy with placement of a tympanostomy tube should be instructed to ? [Astigmatism]

Output: avoid getting water in the ear

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: _________ otitis media is an infection of the middle ear that frequently leads to mastoiditis and meningitis [Astigmatism]

Output: Chronic

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: impairment of the _________ is most commonly associated with chronic otitis media with effusion [Astigmatism]

Output: eustachian tube

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: following middle ear surgery, the patient should be positioned? [Astigmatism]

Output: elevated 30 degrees

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: while caring for a patient with otosclerosis, the nurse would expect that the patient has? [Astigmatism]

Output: a strong family history of the disease

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of risk for injury for a patient following a stapedectomy based on the knowledge that? [Astigmatism]

Output: stimulation of the labyrinth during surgery may cause vertigo and loss of balance.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: List the triad of symptoms that occur with inner ear problems [Astigmatism]

Output: 1. vertigo 2. tinnitus 3. sensorineural hearing loss

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an appropriate nursing intervention for the patient during an acute attack of Meniere's disease includes providing? [Astigmatism]

Output: a quiet, darkened room

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The nurse counsels the patient with an acoustic neuroma based on the knowledge that? [Astigmatism]

Output: early diagnosis and treatment of the tumor can preserve hearing and vestibular function.

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: conductive hearing loss characteristics [Astigmatism]

Output: hears best in noisy environments may be caused by impacted cerumen hearing aid is helpful speaks softly associated with otosclerosis related to otitis media

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sensorineural hearing loss characteristics [Astigmatism]

Output: caused by noise trauma presbycusis associated with meniere's disease result of ototoxic drugs

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when teaching a patient to use a hearing aid, the nurse encourages the patient to initially use the aid? [Astigmatism]

Output: in a quiet, controlled environment to experiment with tone and volume

Med surg study Guide chapter 22 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Episodes of severe intense anxiety and panic. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Anxiety Disorders INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Unilateral facial paralysis of sudden onset resulting from inflammation of cranial nerve (VII) Facial Nerve [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Bell's Palsy INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mood disorder in which both depressive and manic episodes occur. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Bipolar Disorder INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Repetitive stress injury caused by compression of median nerve by transverse carpal ligament. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Partial or complete lack of transparency in the lens or lens capsule of the eye that can impair vision or cause blindness. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Cataract INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Motor disorders resulting in loss of muscle control. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Cerebral Palsy PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cognitive disorder resulting in personality disintergration, disorientation, and general loss of cognitive abilities. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Dementia PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mood disorder resulting in deep sadness, despair, pessimism, low self-esteem, withdrawal from personal contact, decreased energy, sleep and eating disturbances. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Depression INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of the brain caused by disease, hemorrhage, poisoning or other conditions. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Encephalitis CONTRAINDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Caused by injury to upper brachial plexus, resulting in paralysis of the arm. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Erb's Palsy INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Elevated pressure within one or both eyes caused by an obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Glaucoma INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Rapidly progressive peripheral nerve paralysis. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Guillain-Barre' Syndrome PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Degeneration of motor neurons resulting in weakness and muscle atrophy of hands, forearms, legs. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Lou Gehrig's Disease PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Progressive deterioration of the retinal maculae. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Mascular Degeneration INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Infection or inflammation of the meninges. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Meningitis CONTRAINDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Autoimmune disorder that causes destruction of the myelin sheaths. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) CONTRAINDICATED DURING FLARE-UPS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Autoimmune disorder resulting in loss or impairment of ACh receptors. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Myasthenia Gravis PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Nerve Impingement. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Nerve Compression PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dysfunction caused by pressure from adjacent soft tissues. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Nerve Entrapment INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Degeneration of the PNS. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Neuropathy PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Anxiety disorder characterized by emotionally constricted mannerisms that are overly conventional and rigid. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Loss of muscle function and/or sensation due to injury, illness or poisoning. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Paralysis INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Progressive neurological disease caused by destruction of dopamine-producing neurons and depletion of dopamine. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Parkinson's Disease PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye caused by infection, allergy or debris. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Pinkeye CONTRAINDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Infectious disease caused by one of three viruses. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Poliomyelitis (Polio) INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Complex disorder affecting limbs; caused by trauma. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Caused by inflammation of the sciaic nerve. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Sciatica INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Presence of abnormal and irregular discharges of cerebral electrical activity. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Seizure Disorders (Epilepsy) INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Congenital defect, involves lack of bone development in the lamina (Posterior vertebra arch). [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Spina Bifida PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A blockage of cerebral blood vessels, resulting in ischemia of brain tissue. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Stroke PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Use of a mood or behavior-altering substance that results in distress or impairment. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Substance Abuse INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Caused by compression of the brachial nerve, often between clavicle and first rib. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT IF CAUSED BY NERVE COMPRESSION

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Excruciating episodic pain in the areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve, or cranial nerve (V). [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Trigeminal Neuralgia PHYSICIAN'S CONSENT IF SYMPTOMS ARE SEVERE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: ANEMIA INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Weakened section of a blood vessel that bulges outward. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: ANEURISM PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Constriction of coronary arteries and myocardial anoxia. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: ANGINA PECTORIS INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hardening of arteries. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: ARTERIOSCLEROSIS PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Narrowing of arteries. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: ATHEROSCLEROSIS PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Narrowing of arteries reducing blood flow to heart. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Blood clot, air bubble or debris transported in bloodstream. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: EMBOLISM PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Abnormal heart sounds caused by problems with the heart valves. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: HEART MURMUR PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A localized collection of blood trapped in tissues of organs, body space or skin. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: HEMATOMA LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Elevated blood pressure. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: HYPERTENSION CONTRAINDICATED IF NOT CONTROLLED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Dilation of extracranial blood vessels. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: MIGRAINE AND CLUSTER HEADACHES CONTRAINDICATED IF HAVING A ATTACK

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Numbness, pain and elevated blood pressure affecting both blood and lymph vessels. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION IF SYMPTOMS ARE SEVERE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammation of the veins often accompanied by blood clot. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: PHLEBITIS LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Periodic vasospasm in vessels of the extremities. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: RAYNAUD'S SYNDROME INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Abnormally shaped hemoglobin which reduces oxygen supplid to tissues. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: SICKLE CELL DISEASE PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Permanent dilation of capillaries, venules or arterioles. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: TELANGIECTASIA INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Thrombus formation in an unbroken blood vessel. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: THROMBOPHLEBITIS LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Event of temporary cerebral dysfunction caused by ischemia or reduced blood flow. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: TIA PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Characterized by an array of opportunistic infections and a low T-Cell count. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: AIDS INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Immune system hypersensitivity and overreaction to otherwise harmless agents. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: ALLERGIES INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Characterized by the onset of disabling fatigue, sometimes after viral infection, often accompanied by influenza-like symptoms such as low-grade fever, sore throat and headache. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid tissues. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: EDEMA CONTAINDICATED IF CLIENT HAS HISTORY OF HEART OR KIDNEY DISEASE OR IF CAUSED BY CONTRAINDICATED DISEASE.

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the connective tissues. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS CONTRAINDICATED DURING FLARE-UPS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Acute viral infection that results from Epstein-Barr virus. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: MONONUCLEOSIS CONTRAINDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Chronic inflammatory disorder • Smooth muscles of smaller bronchi and bronchioles spasm to close • Causes labored breathing • May be brought on by exercise, stress, infections or allergens [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Asthma INDICATED (Make sure client has inhaler handy)

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Inflammation of bronchial mucosa • Bronchial tubes swell and extra mucus is produced • Acute version is caused by upper respiratory tract infections • Chronic version creates copious amounts of mucus and productive cough for up to 3 months [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Bronchitis CONTRAINDICATED W/ FEVER OR INFECTION

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Eventually destroys alveoli and reduces gas exchange • Also destroys respiratory cilia then the body produces excess mucus and the individual tends to be sick more often because excess mucus breeds bacteria • Teens may never develop completely mature lungs [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Smoking INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Group of disorders (asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, pneumoconiosis an chronicbronchitis) • Characterized by persistent or recurring obstruction of airflow • Individual is unable to breathe freely • Pathological Conditions of the Respiratory System [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Acute Inflammation of mucosa of upper respiratory tract • Usually confined to the nose and throat • Symptoms include: coughing, sneezing, watery eyes,nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat and hoarseness • May be accompanied by fever and chills [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Common Cold CONTRAINDICATED 2-3 DAYS AFTER COLD STARTS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Involves over-inflation or destruction of alveoli • Large air spaces remain filled during expiration • Usually leads to labored breathing • Caused by smoking or other air pollution [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Emphysema INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Any allergic reaction of the nasal mucosa • Symptoms: sneezing, swelling, mucous discharge, itching and watering eyes [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Hay Fever CONTRAINDICATED DURING ACUTE ATTACK

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Acute viral infection of respiratory tract • 3-day incubation period - lasts 3-10 days • Symptoms: inflamed nasal mucosa & pharynx, fever, chills, head and muscle aches • Pathological conditions of the Respiratory System [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Influenza CONTRAINDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Inflammation of the larynx • Often results in loss of voice • Caused by infections or irritants [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Laryngitis CONTRAINDICATED IF CAUSED BY A CONTRAINDICATED DISEASE OR INFECTION

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Inflammation of the pleural membrane • Stabbing pain during breathing [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Pleurisy PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Infection or inflammation of alveoli caused by bacteria • Alveoli fill with fluid, dead white cells, pus [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Pneumonia CONTRAINDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses • Swelling of nasal mucosa amy obstruct openings for sinuses to nose • Causes local tenderness, pain, headaches and fever [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Sinusitis CONTRAINDICATED W/ FEVER

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Chronic lung infection • Caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis bacteria • Lungs are primary target but it can also affect liver, bone marrow and the spleen [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Tuberculosis PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE OR CONTRAINDICATED WHILE IN INFECTIOUS STATE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: • Temporary cessation of breathing while sleeping • Should position client for comfort [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: Apnea INDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Bacterial infection of the hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: ACNE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ACNE [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Superficial fungal infection of the foot characterized by discoloration of the skin and a ridge of red tissue. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: ATHLETE'S FOOT

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ATHLETE'S FOOT [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An abscess that is caused by the staphylococcal bacteria in the dermis or hair follicle. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: BOILS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: BOILS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An injury that does not break the skin. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: BRUISE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: BRUISE [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When heat, radiation, electricity or chemical agents damage the skin, cells perish. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: BURNS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: BURNS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: PHYSICIAN'S CLEARANCE NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: CANCER [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An acute infection of the subcutaneous tissues caused by staphylococci or streptococci bacteria. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED if contained to small area. CONTRAINDICATED CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Skin irritation often due to an allergic reaction when the skin comes into contact with various substances, creating an inflammatory response. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: CONTACT DERMATITIS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: CONTACT DERMATITIS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED if contained to small area. CONTRAINDICATED

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Thickened cone-shaped skin involving the uppermost layer of epidermis. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: CORNS OR CALLUSES

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: CORNS OR CALLUSES [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: INDICATED NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Caused by local ischemia of tissues that have been subjected to prolonged pressure. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: DECUBITUS ULCERS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: DECUBITUS ULCERS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An acute or chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin characterized by redness, watery discharge, crusting, scaling, itching, and burning. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: ECZEMA

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: ECZEMA [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED if open, oozing or painful. NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When hair follicles become inflamed. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: FOLLICULITIS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: FOLLICULITIS [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Viral infection that has the ability to remain dormant within the doral nerve root ganglion corresponding to the site of infection for extended periods without expressing any signs or symptoms of disease. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: HERPES SIMPLEX

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: HERPES SIMPLEX [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: CONTRAINDICATED CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammatory disorder consisting of localized edema, with developmental wheals. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: HIVES

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: HIVES [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: CONTRAINDICATED during acute phase. LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED where wheals are visible. NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inflammatory skin infection caused by staphylococchi or streptococci bacteria, characterized by raised, fluid-filled sores that itch or burn. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: IMPETIGO

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: IMPETIGO [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: CONTRAINDICATED CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Parasitic insect that is highly contagious. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: LICE

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: LICE [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: CONTRAINDICATED CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Age spots, albinism, birthmarks, chloasma, freckles, and vitiligo. [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: PIGMENTATIONS (SKIN)

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: PIGMENTATIONS (SKIN) [Alzheimer's Disease INDICATED]

Output: INDICATED NOT CONTAGIOUS

A&P I Pathologies for Cumulative Exam Flashcards - Cram.com