Input: [Sensory store] Momentary forgetting Prospective forgetting Absentmindedness Temporary forgetting of common names and words

Output: What are general items in everyday forgetting?

Learning and Memory: Human Memory Chapter 8 Flashcards - Cram.com

There exists a theory in dual store theory of a third type of memory...what is it?


Input: PreviousPage object which is filled in with the @PreviousPageType Directive In 1.x Page caller = (Page) Context.Handler

Output: How do you retrieve values on the posting page from a cross-page post?

5 - Working with the Page Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the Single Forms Interface (SFI)


Input: Check PreviousPage.IsValid

Output: How do you check if the posting page has valid data

5 - Working with the Page Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the Single Forms Interface (SFI)


Input: Page Level: Page_Error Global Level: Application_Error

Output: What are the different methods of handling errors?

5 - Working with the Page Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the Single Forms Interface (SFI)


Input: ability to output messages commenting on execution

Output: What is tracing

5 - Working with the Page Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the Single Forms Interface (SFI)


Output: How do you enable tracing at the application level and page level

5 - Working with the Page Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the Single Forms Interface (SFI)


Input: trace.axd

Output: How do you invoke the trace viewer tool


Input: The developer defines personalization properties or data model in web.config, create database using WSAT, ASP.Net parses and compiles properties into a class and adds it to Request, loading and saving data is transparent to users and developers, developer uses Profile class in pages

Output: How does page personalization work?

5 - Working with the Page Flashcards - Cram.com

What is the Single Forms Interface (SFI)


Input: set

Output: How do you activate anonymous profiles


Input: Process by which tissue damage is communicated to the Central Nervous System [What is somatic pain?]

Output: What is nociception?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is pain perception? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Distraction, hypnosis and relaxation alter this step in the pain process

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is a narcan [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Medication used to reverse narcotic toxicity

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is scopalamine? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Medication used to dry secretions during final phases of death

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is constipation [What is somatic pain?]

Output: The most common side effect of all narcotics

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is Toradol or ketoralac? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Common NSAID given IM following orthopedic surgeries. Also available PO

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is intrathecal? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Medication delivered directly into the subarachnoid space

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: (volume x gtt factor) / time [What is somatic pain?]

Output: gtts/min

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are advanced directives? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Written statements regarding a persons wishes regarding medical care

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is Morphine? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Medication used to ease respiratory distress during final stages of death

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is a skilled nursing facility? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Long term care facility which provides 24 hour care with nursing supervision. Patients must have a skilled need

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is an intermediate care facility? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Long term care facility which provides convalescent care along with medical, social and rehabilitation services

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is managed care or the prospective payment system [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Health care delivery where charges are negotiated in advance of the delivery of care. Reimbursement rates are predetermined for hospitalization and medical services

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is a K+ level? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Normal values are 3.5-5.0

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is 30 mL? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Normal hourly urine output

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is: Right Patient Right Medication Right Dose Right Time Right Route [What is somatic pain?]

Output: 5 Rights of Medication Safety

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is 60 mg? [What is somatic pain?]

Output: One grain is how many mg?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: insurance companies [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Who governs hospitalizations?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: health promotion [What is somatic pain?]

Output: What is the purpose of community based care facilities?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: pt education [What is somatic pain?]

Output: What is a nurse's role in outpatient care?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: have to be bound to the home, must have a dr order, have a medical need [What is somatic pain?]

Output: What are the defining principles for home care?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: they don't have an acute problem but they really need someone to watch them [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Intermediate care

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: care between hospital and home, people on ventilators, when you just can't send someone home [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Transitional care

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: pain [What is somatic pain?]

Output: what is one of the largest reason's people miss work in America?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sudden onset, less than 3 months [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Acute pain

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sympathetic [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Does acute pain have to deal with sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: acute [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Which type of pain is typically localized?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a gradual onset, last 3 months or longer [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Chronic pain

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: latin [What is somatic pain?]

Output: What culture expresses themselves freely?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Asian [What is somatic pain?]

Output: What culture doesn't express themselves?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: where, intensity, radiateing, description, nonverbal [What is somatic pain?]

Output: When doing a pain assessment, what do you look for?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: people with gastric bleeding, renal pt etc decreases blood flow to kidney [What is somatic pain?]

Output: Who shouldn't take NSAIDS and why?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: decreased need to eat, death rattle, skin mottling, hypothalamus goes whack and temp goes up, pulse and B/P goes up and then down, urinary output decreases, increase in bowel and bladder incontinence, may get restless, agitated as the air hunger increases [What is somatic pain?]

Output: What are some S&S of death?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: give them a fan or open a window [What is somatic pain?]

Output: What do you do to help a pt with air hunger?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: call the family while someone prepares the body, call the dr, call the coroner or the funeral home after all the family has left, cal the nurse in charge to let them know the pt has died, document [What is somatic pain?]

Output: What do you do when someone dies?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: who you notified, who cam to see the pt, what time the pt died, how you disposed of the body, what you did, where they went, their belongings and what was done with them [What is somatic pain?]

Output: what do you document when someone dies?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Total Utility] Marginal utility

Output: Maximum amount of money a consumer will pay for an additional unit of some commodity

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] The "law" of diminishing marginal utility

Output: Observation that additional units of a given commodity generally have decreasing value for a consumer

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Marginal Analysis

Output: Method for calculating choices that best promote the decision maker's objective

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Consumer's surplus

Output: Difference between total utility and total expenditures for a given quantity of some commodity

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] inferior good

Output: Quantity demanded declines when consumer real income rises

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Market demand curve

Output: Horizontal summation of individual demand curves

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] The "law" of demand

Output: Observation that a lower price generally increase the amount of a commodity that people in a market are willing to buy.

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Price Elasticity of Demand

Output: Ratio of percent change in quantity demanded to percent change in price

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Elastic Demand Curve

Output: A change in price leads to a more than proportionate change in quantity demanded

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Inelastic demand curve

Output: A change in price leads to a less than proportionate change in quantity supplied.

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Unit-elastic demand curve

Output: A change in price accompanied by an equal proportionate change in quantity demanded

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] income elasticity of demand

Output: ratio of percentage change in quantity demanded to percentage change in income

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] complements

Output: An increase in price of one good decreases the demand for the other

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] substitute

Output: An increase in the price of one good increases the demand for the other

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] cross elasticity of demand

Output: Ration of percentage change in quantity demanded of one product to the percent change in the price of another

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] optimal decision

Output: decsion that best serves the objectives of the decision maker, whatever those objectives may be

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] short run

Output: period of time during which none of a firm's commitments will have ended.

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] long run

Output: period of time long enough for all of a firm's commitments to end.

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] fixed costs

Output: Costs which do not change when output rises or falls

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] variable costs

Output: costs that change as the level of production changes

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Total Physical Product

Output: Graph of output generated by various quantities of one input holding other inputs fixed.

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Average Physical Product

Output: Increase in output that results from an additional unit of a given input, holding all other inputs constant

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Marginal physical product

Output: Increase in output that result from an addition unit of a given input, holding other inputs constant

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Marginal revenue product

Output: Dollar value of output produced by an extra unit of input

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Economies of Scale (increasing)

Output: Increase in output greater then the proportionate increase in all inputs.

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Total Profit

Output: Difference between total revenue and total costs

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Economic Profit

Output: Net earnings minus a firm's opportunity cost of capital

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Total Revenue

Output: Price of output times quantity sold

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Average revenue

Output: Total revenue divided by quantity of output

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Marginal Revenue

Output: Addition to total revenue when producing one more unit of output

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Marginal profit

Output: Addition to profit by producing an additional unit of output

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Perfect competion

Output: Many small firms selling an identical product

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] price taker

Output: Agent or firm too small to affect the market price

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] variable cost

Output: Costs that depends upon the quantity of output

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Total Utility] Firms supply curve

Output: The portion of the marginal cost curve that exceeds average variable cost

Maximum amount of money a consumer will give in exchange for a quantity of some commodity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Thiamin Deficiency

Output: Malnourished and Alcoholics BeriBeri Wet and Dry

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Thiamin Food Source

Output: Grains and Pork Leaches into water

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Riboflavin Function

Output: Carries Hydrogen to Electron Transport Chain Helps as Coenzyme in Energy Metabolism

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Riboflavin Deficiency

Output: Riboflavinosis

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Riboflavin Food Source

Output: Milk and Milk Products and Erniched Breads and Cereals Breaks Down from sunlight

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Niacin Function

Output: Two Co-enzyme forms Helps in Energy Metabolism

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Niacin Food Source

Output: Grans and Meats

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Niacin Toxicity

Output: Niacin Flush

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Biotin Function

Output: Assists in Kreb Cycle by conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate Nucleogenisis and fatty acid synthesis Breakdown fatty acid and amino acids

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Biotin Food Source

Output: Egg Yolk, Liver, Soy Note: also made in GI Tract

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Biotin Deficiency

Output: Skin Rash, Hair Loss, Nerves

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] B6 Toxicity

Output: Irreversible Nerve Damage

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Folate Function

Output: Protects against Neural Tube Defects and Heart Disease

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] B12 Needs

Output: Intrinisic Factor to bind with for digestion

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Vitamin A Function

Output: 3 R's Beta Carotene Precursur Skin, Mucous Membranes, Youth Development,

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: [Thiamin Function] Vitamin A Deficiency

Output: xeropthallmalia death Children Most Likely

Conversion pyruvate to Aco Energy Metabolism TCA Cycle Muscle and Nerve Activity


Input: humans are imperfect, but seek to optimize accuracy Herb Simon also conceptualized satisficing [Homo Economicus]

Output: Bounded Rationality

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: speed-accuracy trade-off for functional reasons, human judgment is often driven by speed more than accuracy [Homo Economicus]

Output: Fundamental Principle of Judgment

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: examines how REAL decisions match with decisions based on "rational" decision making [Homo Economicus]

Output: Behavioral Decision Theory

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Kahneman and Tversky Attribute substitution and Effort reduction rules of thumb or short-cuts used on complicated judgment and decision tasks not irrational - they usually make sense, but can lead to misjudgments [Homo Economicus]

Output: Heuristics

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Representativeness Availability Anchoring [Homo Economicus]

Output: Original Big 3 Heuristics

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Judgment: is instance A a member of category B? Shortcut: how much does A resemble a prototypical instance of category B? Conjunctive fallacy: conjunctive events cannot be more likely than either event alone Perceptions of Randomness Law of Small Numbers (people want random sequences to be more mixed than they'd usually be) Hot Hand (under-appreciate randomness) Gambler's Fallacy (over-appreciate randomness) Neglecting base rates (lawyer or engineer?) Nonregressive prediction (regression to the mean) basic idea: for intentional behaviors, people think streaks will continue; for non-intentional behaviors, people think streaks will end [Homo Economicus]

Output: Representativeness Heuristic

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Judgment: How frequently does event A occur? Shortcut: Do examples of event A come to mind easily? Outcome: event A is judged to occur frequently to the extend that instances of event A are easily available in memory [Homo Economicus]

Output: Availability Heuristic

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: people look for a place to "start" judgment, then "adjust" from this anchor anchor is "sticky" - people don't adjust sufficiently, so where you start affects the judgment thought to be a heuristic, but not anymore (no attribute substitution) [Homo Economicus]

Output: Anchoring and Adjustment

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Intuition and Effortful Reasoning [Homo Economicus]

Output: Dual-Process view of decision making

Error and Bias Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Money functions as:] If you write a check on a bank to purchase a care, you are using money primarily as:

Output: a medium of exchange

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] If you place part of your summer earnings in a savings account, you are using money primarily as:

Output: a store of value

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] a $70 price tag on a sweater in a department store window is an example of money functioning as:

Output: a unit of account

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] when economist say that money serves as a medium of exchange, they mean

Output: that it i "a means of payment"

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] purchasing common stock by writing a check best describes money as:

Output: a medium of exchange

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The largest component of the money supply (M1) is:

Output: currency in circulation

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] Paper money in the US is called:

Output: Federal Reserve notes

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] When economist say that money serves as a store of value, they mean

Output: that it is a way to keep wealth in a readily spendable form for future use

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] When economist say that money serves as a unit of account, they mean

Output: that is a monetary unit for measuring and comparing the relative value of goods

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] Currency in circulation is part of:

Output: M1, M2 and MZM money supply

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] Checkable deposit are included in what money type?

Output: M1 money supply

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] Money supply is backed by the government’s ability

Output: to control the supply of money and to keep its value relatively stable

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The money supply in the US is comprised of

Output: coins, paper currency and checkable deposits

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] A $50 dollar bill is a:

Output: Federal Reserve Note

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] MZM stands for:

Output: Money zero Maturity

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] Paper money in the US is issued by

Output: the Federal Reserve Bank

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] MZM includes

Output: M2 minus small time deposit plus money market mutual funds held by businesses

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The value of money varies

Output: inversely with the price level

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The basic policy making body in the US banking system is

Output: The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The twelve Federal Reserve Banks hold

Output: the reserve deposits of commercial banks

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] How many members are there in the Federal Reserve Board?

Output: 7 members

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] How many years do members of the Federal Reserve Board serve for?

Output: 14 years

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] Who created money:

Output: The Goldsmiths

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] Their ability to create money was based on the fact that

Output: paper money in the form of gold receipts was rarely redeemed for gold

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] When the receipts given by the Goldsmiths to depositors were used to make purchases

Output: the receipts became in effect paper money

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The most modern banking system today is based on:

Output: Fractional Reserve

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] A fractional reserve system is susceptible to

Output: bank panics

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] Bank panics are

Output: a risk of fractional reserve banking, but are unlikely when banks are highly regulated and lend prudently

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] In a fractional reserve banking system, banks can create money through

Output: the lending process

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The following identify parts of the Balance Sheet

Output: Assets equal liabilities plus net worth

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The reserves of a commercial bank consist of:

Output: deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank and vault cash

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] Commercial Banks reserves are

Output: assets to the commercial bank and liabilities to the federal reserve bank holding them

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The primary purpose of the legal reserve requirement is

Output: to provide a means by which the monetary authorities can influence the lending ability of commercial banks

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The transaction demand for money is most closely related to money functioning

Output: as a medium of exchange

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The desire to hold money for transactions purposes arises because

Output: receipts of income and expenditures are not perfectly synchronized

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The opportunity cost of holding money varies

Output: directly with the interest rate

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] It is costly to hold money because in doing so

Output: one sacrifices interest income

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The asset demand for money varies

Output: inversely with the rate of interest

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The asset demand for money is down sloping because

Output: the opportunity cost of holding money increases as the interest rates rises

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] In the US monetary policy is the responsibility of

Output: the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The three main tools of monetary policy are:

Output: reserve ratio, discount rate and open market operations

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The purchase of government securities from the public by the Fed will cause:

Output: the money supply to increase

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The purpose of a restrictive monetary policy is

Output: to raise interest rates and restrict the availability of bank credit

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The asset demand for money varies inversely with the nominal GDP

Output: False

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: [Money functions as:] The Higher the interest rate, the larger will be the amount of money demand for transactions purposes

Output: False

A medium of exchange, store of value, and a unit of account


Input: DEPENDS ON UNDERLYING RHYTHM

Output: RATE IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: INVERTED, LOST IN QRS (ABSENT), OR FOLLOWING THE QRS COMPLEX AND INVERTED

Output: P WAVES IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: CAN ONLY BE MEASURED IF P WAVE PRECEDES THE QRS COMPLEX; IF MEASURABLE IT WILL BE LESS THAN .12 SECONDS

Output: WHAT IS THE PRI IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: WHEN IMPULSE IS FROM A LOW JUNCTION

Output: WHEN WILL THE QRS IN A PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTION BE WIDE?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: DECREASE STIMULUS (CAFFIENE), BUT USUALLY NO TREATMENT

Output: TREATMENT FOR PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTION

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: LATE

Output: DOES A JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE BEAT COME EARLY OR LATE?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: JUNCTIONAL

Output: WHICH IS MORE COMMON....ATRIAL OR JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE BEAT?


Input: IDIOJUNCTIONAL RHYTHM

Output: WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE RHYTHM?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: INVERTED, LOST IN THE QRS (ABSENT), OR FOLLOWING THE QRS COMPLEX AND INVERTED

Output: DESCRIBE THE P WAVES IN JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE RHYTHM.

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: LESS THAN .10 SECONDS, BUT WILL BE WIDE IF FROM LOW JUNCTION

Output: DESCRIBE THE QRS IN JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE RHYTHM.

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE RHYTHM

Output: WHAT RHYTHM? --- ABSENT PACING STIMULUS FORM ABOVE, THE AUTO FOCUS IN THE AV JUNCTION MAY ESCAPE OVERDRIVE SUPPRESSION AND BECOME THE INHERENT PACEMAKER (SA NODE DOES NOT TAKE BACK OVER AFTER ITS FIRST MISSED BEAT)

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: THE P WAVES WILL BE INVERTED AND THE QRS UPRIGHT

Output: IF A JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE RHYTHM CAUSES RETROGRADE ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION, WHAT WILL THE P WAVES AND QRS LOOK LIKE?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: 40-60 BEATS PER MINUTE

Output: WHAT IS THE RATE IN JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE RHYTHM

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: REGULAR

Output: WHAT IS THE RHYTHM IN JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE RHYTHM?


Input: INSULT TO/FAILURE OF THE SA NODE **, INCREASED VAGAL TONE ON SA NODE, HYPOXIA, DIGITALIS THERAPY (TOXICITY)

Output: WHAT IS THE ETIOLOGY OF JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE RHYTHM?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: RATE RELATED PROBLEMS

Output: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE RHYTHM.

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: TREAT THE UNDERLYING CAUSE; TREATE BRADYCARDIA---- DO NOT SUPPRESS JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS AS THEY MAY BE PREVENTING ASYSTOLE

Output: WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR JUNCTIONAL ESCAPE RHYTHM?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: 60-100 BEATS PER MINUTE

Output: WHAT IS THE RATE IN ACCELERATED JUNCTIONAL RHYTHM?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: HAS PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECT; SLOWS SA NODE PACING RATE; CONDUCTION THROUGH AV NODE SLOWS; ALSO INHIBITS AV NODE'S RECEPTIVENESS TO MULTIPLE STIMUI SO FEWER REACH THE VENTRICLES

Output: WHAT IS THE RESULT OF DIGITALIS TOXICITY?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: ENHANCED AUTOMATICITY TO THE AV NODE AS A RESULT OF INSULT TO THE AV JUNCTION. DIGITALIS TOXICITY**, AND ACUTE MI

Output: ETIOLOGY OF ACCELERATED JUNCTIONAL RHYTHM

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: THEY BECOME VERY IRRITABLE

Output: WITH DIGITALIS TOXICITY, WHAT HAPPENS TO THE AUTO. FOCI OF THE ATRIA AND AV JUNCTION?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: DEPENDS ON UNDERLYING CAUSE/RATE; USUALLY ASYMPTOMATIC

Output: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ACCELERATED JUNCTIONAL RHYTHM.

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: 100-180 BEATS PER MINUTE

Output: WHAT IS THE RATE IN JUNCTIONAL TACHYCARDIA?

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: INVERTED, LOST IN THE QRS, OR FOLLOWING THE QRS COMPLEX AND INVERTED

Output: DESCRIBE THE P WAVE IN JUNCTIONAL TACHYCARDIA

IPAPBURKE EKG TEST 2- JUNCTIONAL RHYTHMS Flashcards - Cram.com

RHYTHYM IN PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTIONS


Input: [what is diffusion?] what is osmosis?

Output: movement of water from high concentration to low concentration

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what is a selectively permeable membrane?

Output: a membrane that some solutes can cross more easily than others

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what is osmotic stress?

Output: when the solute concentration of dissolved substances in a cell or tissue is abnormal

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what is osmoregulation?

Output: the process by which living organisms control the concentration of water and salt in their bodies

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what is an osmoconformer?

Output: an organism that's set point for water and electrolyte concentration matches their environment

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what is hypotonic?

Output: a body containing more solutes outside the body than inside

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] why are marine fish under constant osmotic stress?

Output: because they constantly lose water and gain salt

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] why are freshwater fish constantly under osmotic stress?

Output: because they gain water and lose salt

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what is a hypertonic solution?

Output: when the solution inside the body contain more solutes than the surrounding water

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] which fish constantly drinks water?

Output: marine fish because they constantly lose water

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what fish doesn't drink water?

Output: freshwater fish because they gain too much water

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] how do terrestrial animals lose water?

Output: evaporation

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] whats passive transport?

Output: diffusion of a solute along a electrochemical gradient, requires no atp

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what is active transport?

Output: requires atp to move s solute against it's concentration gradient

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what's a channel?

Output: proteins that form a pore that selectively admits an ion or ions

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what is a carrier?

Output: a membrane protein that binds a specific molecule to pass it through the membrane by changing shape

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] whats a sympoter?

Output: a cotransporter that moves solutes in opposite directions

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] whats a cotransporter?

Output: a active transport method passing two molecules

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] explain how water moves in and out of cells?

Output: when salt moves in water moves out or salt moves out water moves in

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] why do animals use an electrochemical gradient?

Output: animals set up a strong electrochemical gradient for one ion (typically salt) which is then used to transport other substances without more energy

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what does the rectal gland secrete?

Output: it secretes a concentrated salt solution

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] how do ions move into cells?

Output: the na+ gradient

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] when a buildup of cl- ions happens where do they go?

Output: a pump diffuses them into the lumen of the gland

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what is hemolymph?

Output: a substance in insects that is pumped by the heart which carries electrolytes, nutrients,oxygen and waste products

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what do the malpighian tubules in insects do?

Output: they form a filtrate from the hemolymph where it is processed in the hindgut

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what if an insect is osmotically stressed?

Output: it will try to recollect its water and electrolytes from the filtrate and put them back into the hemolymph

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what factor regulates reabsorbtion?

Output: stress by the enviornment

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] if there is no water how will it affect reabsorbtion?

Output: all water will be reabsorbed and the concentration of waste molecules will be higher in excretion

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] if there is an abundace of water , how will this affect reabsorbtion?

Output: water is less conserved and waste molecules will

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] explain the path of urine from creation to exit

Output: urine is waste and water processed in the kidneys that pass through the ureter to the bladder then passed to the body surface by the urethra

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what part of the kidney does work involving water and electrolytes?

Output: the nephron maintains water and electrolyte balance

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] the kidneys outter region is called what?

Output: the cortex

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] the kideys inner region is called what?

Output: medulla

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] explain the path of the nephron.

Output: renaal corpuscle to the proximal tube to the loop of henle to the distal tube and finally to the collecting duct

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what does the renal corpuscle do?

Output: filters blood to make pre urine

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what does the proximal tube do?

Output: reabsorbs nutrients, vitamins, valuable ions and water

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what does the loop of henle do?

Output: has a strong osmotic gradient with outside tissues and having osmolarity increase as it move down the tube.

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what does the distal tube do?

Output: ions and water are reabsorbed in a regulated manner

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what does the collecting duct do?

Output: this collects urine but may also reabsorb water if necessary.

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what does adh do?

Output: causes reabsorbtion of water

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [what is diffusion?] what does aldosterone do?

Output: it causes reabsorbtion of salt through the distal tube

bios 171 chapter 42 Flashcards - Cram.com

movement of substances from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration


Input: [is] is not [tá]

Output: níl

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] the day [tá]

Output: an lá

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] the weather [tá]

Output: an aimsir

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] the night [tá]

Output: an oíche

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] the morning [tá]

Output: an mhaidin

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] fine [tá]

Output: go breá

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] nice [tá]

Output: go deas

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] good [tá]

Output: go maith

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] bad [tá]

Output: go dona

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] beautiful [tá]

Output: go hálin

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] wonderful [tá]

Output: go hiontach

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] now [tá]

Output: anois

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [is] today [tá]

Output: inniu

Buntus Cainte Ceacht 2 Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Sleet [2]

Output: a form of frozen rain

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Arid [2]

Output: opposite of humid

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Salt [2]

Output: in sea water but not in rain

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Barometer [2]

Output: an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Humidity [2]

Output: the amount of water vapor in the air

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Atmospheric Pressure [2]

Output: force exerted by the weight of air

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Thunder [2]

Output: sound that results from rapidly expanding gasses along the heated channel of lightning discharge

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Wind Vane [2]

Output: an instrument that tells wind direction

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Precipitation [2]

Output: water falling to the earth's surface in any form

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Water [2]

Output: it freezes at 32 degrees F and boils at 212 degrees F

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Snowflakes [2]

Output: no two are the same

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Temperature [2]

Output: the measure of how hot or cold something is

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Slick [2]

Output: what the roads become in icy weather

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Evaporation [2]

Output: water changing from a liquid into a gas

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What 2 primary gases are in our atmosphere? [2]

Output: nitrogen and oxygen

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is the layer of the atmosphere where meteors travel? [2]

Output: mesosphere

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is the layer of the atmosphere closest to space? [2]

Output: exosphere

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is the layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs? [2]

Output: troposphere

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which layer of the atmosphere contains ozone? [2]

Output: stratosphere

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What measures air temperature? [2]

Output: thermometer

5th Grade Science Vocabulary - Weather Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Two-point threshold: what is the smallest separation between two points that is still perceived as two separate points – Depends on location on the body where this is measured [psyhophysics]

Output: 2-point threshold

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the amount of change needed for people to detect a change [psyhophysics]

Output: just noticeable difference JND

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: very large differences are judged faster than small differences [psyhophysics]

Output: distance of discriminablity

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: large symbolic differences (1 vs. 100) are judged faster than small symbolic differences (2 vs. 3) [psyhophysics]

Output: symbolic distance effect

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: symbolic differences are faster when the question is phrased in a way that matches our semantic knowledge of the symbols -EX: which is smaller? A rhino or an elephant? vs. which is BIGGER? [psyhophysics]

Output: semantic congruity effect

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: just remember that we are quicker when the wording is congruent with our knowledge [psyhophysics]

Output: Give an example of the Semantic congruity effect and explain how it shoes the role of knowledge in even simple decisions

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: People can also judge differences between concepts that do not have any underlying physical, quantitative dimension – Which one is better: • lose vs. peace • hate vs. pressure – Results in the distance effects and congruity effects [psyhophysics]

Output: what is semantic orderings?

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a specific rule or solution procedure that is guaranteed to furnish the correct answer if it is followed correctly – For example, a formula or a recipe [psyhophysics]

Output: define algorithm and give an example

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a strategy or approach that works under some circumstances but that is not guaranteed to yield the correct answer – For example, a rule-of-thumb, a quick-and-dirty solution [psyhophysics]

Output: define heuristics and give an example

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the algorithms to use given a certain problem – how people should make decisions if they wanted to optimize their outcomes [psyhophysics]

Output: normative model of reasoning

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what people actually do when they make a decision [psyhophysics]

Output: descriptive model of reasoning

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: an estimate of the probability or likelihood of an event is determined by one of 2 characteristics: how similar the event is to the population of events it came from or whether the event seems similar to the process that produced it [psyhophysics]

Output: what is the representativeness heuristic, what is it used for. and on which 2 features is it based?

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: rating the co-occurrence of two events as more probable than only one event by itself [psyhophysics]

Output: conjunction fallacy

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the tendency to seek and pay attention to evidence and information that supports, instead of falsifies, current beliefs [psyhophysics]

Output: confirmation bias

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Estimating the frequency or likelihood of events based on how easily examples of the event come to mind, the ease with which relevant examples can be remembered [psyhophysics]

Output: availability heuristic

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Availability heuristic works if information in memory is representative of objective frequency • But, some information is more salient: more noticeable, important or prominent – News coverage is selective, providing us with non-representative frequencies [psyhophysics]

Output: salience and vividness bias

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a mental construction or imagining of outcomes, a forecasting of how some event will turn out or how it might have turned out under another set of circumstances [psyhophysics]

Output: simulation heuristic

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: reasoning about an event by deliberately contradicting the facts in a “what if” kind of way - i'm going to act like something didn't just happen the way it happened [psyhophysics]

Output: counterfactual reasoning

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: first initial answer [psyhophysics]

Output: anchoring

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: change original answer, usually based off of general world knowledge [psyhophysics]

Output: adjustment

Cognition exam 3 ch. 11 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [sequence of AA] alpha helix and beta pleated sheets, interactive folding [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: secondary structure of protien


Input: [sequence of AA] further interactions cause more folding [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: tertiary structure of protein


Input: [sequence of AA] 2 or more polypeptides [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: quaternary structure of protein


Input: [sequence of AA] aa specify more than one codon [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: degenerate code


Input: [sequence of AA] tRNAs that accept more than one aa [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: iso-accepting tRNA


Input: [sequence of AA] 1. bind aa to tRNA 2. initation (assemply at ribosome) 3. elongation 4. termination [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 4 stages of translation


Input: [sequence of AA] all tRNAs have CCA at 3'end COO- attaches to OH of adenine specficity is due to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases requires ATP [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: step 1 of translation


Input: [sequence of AA] components needed: rRNA, ribosome, initation factor proteins, initiator fMet-tRNA, GTP 1) mRNA binds to small ribosomal subunit 2) initiator tRNA binds to mRNA (base pairing of anticodon and codon) 3) large subuint joins complex [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: step 2 of translation


Input: [sequence of AA] IF-3 pairs with SSU preventing LSU from binding IF-1 enhances dissoaction Shine Delgarno sequence within ribosomal binding site IF-2 needed to attach iniation codon and GTP [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: Initation Factors


Input: [sequence of AA] no shine delgarno, recognizes 5' cap instead SSU moves until it finds AUG [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: translation in eukaryotes


Input: [sequence of AA] need: 70S complex, charged tRNA, elongation factors, GTP 3 sites on ribosome can be occupied: Aminoacyl (A site) peptidyl (P site) Exit (E site) initiator tRNA (fMET) is the only one that can bind to the P site, all others bind to the A site [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: translation: elongation


Input: [sequence of AA] 1) charged tRNA + EF-Tu and EF-Ts + GFP complex enter A site 2) GTP cleaved and EF-TU-GDP complex release 3) peptide bond forms between A and P site releases AA at Psite from tRNA 4) Translocation: ribosome moves down the mRNA [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 3 steps to Elongation in translation


Input: [sequence of AA] no tRNA for stop codon release factor RF1-3, they bind to the stop code and release polypeptide chain from ribosome [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: Translation Termination


Input: [sequence of AA] initation: shine delgarno for pro and 5' cap for eu in seperate locations in cell for eu 1/2 life of mRNA is longer [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: translation in pro vs eu


Input: [sequence of AA] 1) precursor enzymes cleave and trim it 2) carbohydrates added 3) molecular chaperon proteins needed for folding 4) methyl, phosphate or carboxyl groups may be added [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: post-translational modification


Input: [sequence of AA] 5' UTR shine delgarno, protein encoding region, 3' UTR [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 3 principle elements in mRNA sequences in bacterial cells


Input: [sequence of AA] it is an extra guanine nucleotide thta is methylated. it occurs by removing a phsophate group from the 5' end and bonding the guanine and then methylating it. increases stability and ribosome binds to it [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: what is the 5' cap?


Input: [sequence of AA] poly A tail is the processing of the 3' end. the consensus sequence is AAUAAA and is 11-30 upstream cleavge site protiens find cleavae site and reomve 3' end. after cleavage is complete, adenine nucleotides are added to the new 3' end, creating poly-A tail [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: what is the poly-A tail how is it added


Input: [sequence of AA] consits of 5 snRNPs. splicing of pre-mRNA nuclear introns takes place within the splicesome [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: splicesome


Input: [sequence of AA] pre-mRNA is cut at 5' splice site, freeing exon 1 from the intron and the 5' end of intron attaches to the branch point; intron folds back on itself froming lariat second step of RNA splicing, a cut is made at the 3'splice site and the 3'end of exon 1 becomes covalently attached to the 5'end of exon 2 intron is released as a lariat [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: explain splicing


Input: [sequence of AA] alternative splice sites and multiple 3' cleavage sites [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 2 types of alternative processing pathways


Input: [sequence of AA] alters sequence of an RNA molecule after transcription by the insertion,d leetion or modification fo nucleotides the guide RNAs provide templates for the lateration of nucleotides in RNA molecules undergoing editing the gRNAs base pair to the pre-edited RNA molecule. the binding determines the location of the alteration of nucleotides [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: RNA editing and guide RNAs


Input: [sequence of AA] 5' cap cleavage of 3' end + poly(A) splicing of introns [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: pre-mRNA processing


Input: [sequence of AA] iniation: transcription apparatus assembles on promoter and begins synthesis of RNA elongation: RNA pol moves down DNA and adds rNTPs to growing 3'end termination: RNA molecule separates from DNA temp [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 3 basic stages of transcription


Input: [sequence of AA] sim: both use DNA templates, read in 3-5 direction, complementary strand is synthesized in 5-3 direction, antiparallel to the template, both us triphosphates as substrates, actions enhanced by accesory protiens differencts: RNA pol uses rNTPS, DNA pol requires primer, RNA pol sytnesize a copy of one one of the DNA strands, DNA pol copies both strands [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: similarities btwn DNA and RNA pol


Input: [sequence of AA] TATA box, TFIIB proteins, TBP [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 3 ways in which archaea are similar to eukaryotes


Input: [sequence of AA] a) DNA template b) raw materials c) transcription apparatus to catalzye reaction [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 3 things needed for transcription


Input: [sequence of AA] 1) At the initiation of translation the first step is when the mRNA binds to the small subunits of the ribosome (30S and 50S subunits). The IF-3 (initiation factor 3) binds to the small subunit preventing the 50S from binding to the 30S. This allows for the mRNA to bind to the 30S unit. 2) At this time a tRNA forms a complex with IF-2 and GTP and this complex binds with the initiation codon (shine dalgarno sequence) 3) while IF-1 binds to the 30S subunit. All IF factors and complexs dissosate and the 50S can now bind to the 30S with the mRNA creating the 70S complex. 4) Elongation is first started by the binding of the fMet-tRNA to the P site of the ribosome. 5) After the EF-Tu (elongation factor Tu) binds to GTP and tRNA to form a complex in which enters the A site of the ribosome. 6) GTP is cleaved and GDP is formed and the EF-Tu along with GDP is released to combine with another charged tRNA. A peptide bond is formed between the P and A sites. 7) Translocation begins as the ribosome moves down the mRNA molecule in the 5 to 3 direction. This process reguires EF-G and GTP. 8) The complex is now at the E site and releases tRNA which moves to the cytoplasm. 9) Termination begins as the translocation hits a stop codon. When this occurs RF-1 (release factor 1) attaches to the A site of the complex. 10) RF 3 forms a bond with GTP and the ribosome. The peptide that was translated is released from the complex. 11) GTP associates with RF 3 and the complex releases itself from one another. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: translation in bacteria


Input: [sequence of AA] siRNA miRNA Origin- can be mRNA, a transposon, or virus Origin-transcribed from a different gene forms long hairpins from RNA duplex or ssRNA Forms short hairpins from ssRNA Triggers degradation of mRNA Some trigger mRNA degradation other inhibit translation Target genes from which they were transcribed Target genes other than those from which they were transcribed [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: siRNA vs miRNA


Input: [sequence of AA] The DNA must be made available for transcription, which is difficult because eukaryotic DNA is complexed with histone proteins. Acetyltransferases add acetyl groups to the amino acids at the end of histones to destabilize the nucleosome. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: crucial point in eukaryotic translation


Input: [sequence of AA] During attenuation in the trp Operon of E. coli, transcription is terminated when the secondary structure hairpin forms by the base pairing of regions 3 and 4 of the 5’ UTR. This hairpin is followed by a string of uracil NTs and only occurs when tryptophan levels are high. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: attenuation


Input: [sequence of AA] Anti-sense RNA is a form of gene regulation. It is complementary to mRNA; it binds and inhibits translation. Is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: anti-sense RNA


Input: [sequence of AA] In a pre-mRNA an intron lies between an upstream exon and a downstream exon. First the pre-mRNA is cut in the 5’ splice site. The 5’ end of the intron attaches to the branch point. A cut is made at the 3’ splice site. Then, the intron is release as a lariat and the two exons are spliced together. The bond holding the lariat is broken, and the linear intron is degraded. Finally, the spliced mRNA is exported to the cytoplasm and translated. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: splicin process


Input: [sequence of AA] UAA, UAG, and UGA. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: stop codons


Input: [sequence of AA] The presence of the free 2'OH in the ribose sugar makes RNA more susceptible to degradation under alkaline conditions. DNA molecules contain the sugar deoxyribose and lack the 2'OH found in ribose sugars, so DNA is more stable. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: why is DNA more stable than rna


Input: [sequence of AA] 1) Group I introns are found in rRNA genes and some bacteriophage genes. (2) Group II introns are found in protein-encoding genes of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and a few eubacteria. (3) Nuclear pre-mRNA introns are found in the protein-encoding genes of the nucleus. (4) Transfer RNA introns are found in tRNA gene [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 4 types of introns


Input: [sequence of AA] RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA. (2) RNA polymerase II transcribes pre-mRNA and some snRNAs. (3) RNA polymerase III transcribes small RNA molecules such as 5S rRNA, tRNAs,and some small nuclear RNAs. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: types of RNA Pol


Input: [sequence of AA] pos/neg [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 2 types of transcriptional control


Input: [sequence of AA] Transcription in bacteria, begins with (1) initiation, in which the transcription apparatus assembles on the promoter and begins the synthesis of RNA; (2) elongation, in which DNA is threaded through RNA polymerase, while it unwinds the DNA and add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA strand; and (3) termination, where the recognition of the ending trascription unit takes place causing the separation of the RNA molecule from the DNA template. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: bacterial transcription summary


Input: [sequence of AA] A Pribnow box is a consensus sequence found in bacteria. It is also called the -10 consensus sequence. 35 consensus sequence, TTGACA [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: Pribnow box


Input: [sequence of AA] 1. Self splicing introns I, II in mitochondrial DNA. 2. The structure and function of Spliceosomes. and ribozymes [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: why we think RNA preceeded DNA


Input: [sequence of AA] polyploids that arise through hybridization between species [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: alloploidy


Input: [sequence of AA] polyploids that arise from a single parental form [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: autoploidy


Input: [sequence of AA] 1. Centromere = attachment site for spindle – Spindle microtubules = move chromosomes during cell division – Complexes with kinetochore proteins & spindle microtubules attach 2. Telomeres = tips; stabilize ends. Origin of replication = sites where DNA synthesis begins [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 3 parts to a chromosome


Input: [sequence of AA] Copies of a chromosome • Held together at the centromere [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: sister chromatids


Input: [sequence of AA] 1. Metacentric- centromere is located in the middle and both arms of chromosomes are of equal length 2. submetacentric- centromere is moved toward one end creating a long arm and short arm. 3. Acrocentric- Centromere is near one end producing a long arm and a knob at the other end. 4. Telocentric- centromere is moved to or at the complete end of the chromosome. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 4 major types of chromosomes


Input: [sequence of AA] Interphase and M phase [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: 2 major phases of mitosis


Input: [sequence of AA] Stage G1: – Several hours long (10 hrs in mammals) • Stage G0 (optional): – Before G1/S checkpoint, stable state, constant size, extended period of time; regulatory signal • Stage S-phase: – DNA synthesis; DNA duplicated (9 hrs) – BEFORE S phase = 1 chromatid – AFTER S phase = 2 sister chromatids but same # of chromosomes (held together by centromere) • Stage G2: Prep for M phase (4 hrs) [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: Interphase


Input: [sequence of AA] Five stages of M phase – Prophase: chromosomes condense – Prometaphase: nuclear membrane disintegrates; attachment of spindle to kinetochore – Metaphase: move to metaphase plate – Anaphase: Separation of sister chromatids – Telophase: chromosomes at spindle poles; nuclear membrane forms [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: M phase


Input: [sequence of AA] DNA doubles post S phase chrosome # doubles after the separation of sis tids in anaphase [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: when does DNA material double? when does chromosome double?


Input: [sequence of AA] So, CANCER cells differ from normal cells in that they mostly rely on the G2 checkpoint phase which follows G1 and precedes cell division. • If you could silence the G2 checkpoint, you would push CANCER cells into cell division without repair to the damage – They would divide with a mess of broken chromosomes and DIE. knocking out G2 checkpoint would not be bad bc cells have G1 [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: cancer and cell cycle


Input: [sequence of AA] p53 PROTEIN binds DNA & stimulates another gene to produce p21 protein that interacts with a cell division-stimulating protein (cdk2). • When p21 is complexed with cdk2 the cell CANNOT pass through to the next stage of cell division. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: work of p53


Input: [sequence of AA] Begins at origin, dsDNA unwinds, replication bubble forms, replication fork, ssDNA, bidirectional replication in both directions [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: theta replication


Input: [sequence of AA] template dNTPs enzymes, ex: pol, topio, etc [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: requirments of DNA rep


Input: [sequence of AA] initiated by a break in one of he nucleotide strands, producing a ds-stranded circular dna MOLECULE AND A SINGLE STRANDED LINEAR dna MOLECULE, THE ATTER OF WHICH MAY CIRCULARIZE AND SERVE AS A TEMPATE FOR the synthesize of a compliementary strand [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: rolling circle replication


Input: [sequence of AA] Aneuploidy is the change in number of individual chromosome. Human: Down’s syndrome, Trisomy 21 (caused by non-disjuction during meiosis) Animal: Mule (cross between a mare and a jackass) (monosomy) Anueploidy is the change in the number of individual chromosomes. Polyploidy is the change in the number of chromosome sets. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: aneuploidy


Input: [sequence of AA] a. Molecular genetics: one gene or part of a gene b. Transmission genetics: from individuals from one generation to the next generations c. Population genetics: multiple group, genomes and populations. d. Evolutionary genetics: over time [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: genetics


Input: [sequence of AA] Crossing over in meiosis occurs when homologous chromosomes exchange a portion of their DNA. In translocation, the same process occurs but with nonhomologous chromosomes or within the same chromosome. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: transolcation vs crossing over


Input: [sequence of AA] Eukaryotes -have a nucleus -posses membrane bound organelles -Large -Posses a linear DNA Prokaryote -Do not have a nucleus -Are relatively small -Lack cytoskeleton -Have a circular DNA -Have more than one chromosome, but they are not homologous. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: prokaryotic and eukaryiotic differences


Input: [sequence of AA] pangenesis, particles called gemmules carried genetic material from each part of the body to the reproductive organs where they entered the embryo at conception. In the currently held germ-plasm theory, cells in the reproductive system already have complete genetic information for the whole body, which is then passed on to the sperm and egg. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: pangenisis concept and the germ-plasm theory


Input: [sequence of AA] Crossing over is the exchange of genes between nonsister homologous chromatids during late prophase 1 of meiosis 1, creating more genetic variation. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: crossing over


Input: [sequence of AA] The G1/S checkpoint ensures that the cell has all enzymes necessary for DNA replication. The G2/M checkpoint ensures the DNA is undamaged. The spindle assembly checkpoint ensures that each chromosome is aligned on the metaphase plate and attached to spindle fibers from opposite poles. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: checkpoints


Input: [sequence of AA] Each purine consists of a six-headed ring attached to a five-sided ring, some examples of purines are adenine and guanine. Each pyrimidine consist of a 6-headed ring, some examples of pyrimidines are cytosine, thymine and uracil. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: purines and prymidines


Input: [sequence of AA] he main difference between genes and traits is that while genes are inherited directly, traits are not. Genes determine the expression of traits due to external factors such as changes in the environment. Therefore, the genetic information that an individual organism possesses is its genotype and the trait is its phenotype. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: gene vs trait


Input: [sequence of AA] A DNA nucleotide consists of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. RNA nucleotide consists of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: what does DNA and RNA consist of


Input: [sequence of AA] Performatationism occurs when all of a person's gentic code is inherited from one individual while blending inheritance occurs when both parents contribue to the person's traits. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: performationism vs blending inheirtanc


Input: [sequence of AA] 1) initator proteins bind to the orgin of rep and open it up slightly so helicase can come in 2) helicase entes and uniwnds the dna creating a bubble called replication fork. single strand binding protiens assure the DNA does not fold up. DNA gyrase (topioisomerase) relieves supercoiling strain farther down in the DNA 3) RNA primase enters and lays down RNA based nucleotdies called primers. it is able to do this bc it does not require a bond to OH 4) DNA pol III begins to add dNTPS to the leading strand in the 5-3 direction. for the lagging strand, RNA pol has deposited primers throughout the strand so that DNA pol III can add in the 5-3 direction. this creates a series of gramgents called Okazaki gragents termination: sequence or merging of rep forks DNA pol I replaces the primers with DNA based nucleotides and DNA ligase seals the fragments [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: replication in prokaryotes


Input: [sequence of AA] semiconserv rep entails the parent DNA strand to pen and serve as a temp; new complimentary bases are added, yielding a final product of one parent strand and one new strand [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: semi conservative rep


Input: [sequence of AA] Pattern of inheritance where there are more than two alleles present in population but only two are still present in an individual. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: Multiple allele


Input: [sequence of AA] Prophase: 12 chromosomes, 24 chromatids Metaphase: 12 chromosomes, 24 chromatids Anaphase I: 12 chromosomes, 24 chromatids Telophase I: 6 chromosomes, 12 chromatids Prophase II: 6 chromosomes, 12 chromatids Metaphase II: 6 chromosomes, 12 chromatids Anaphase II: 12 chromosomes, 12 chromatids Telophase II: 6 chromosomes, 6 chromatids [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: chromatids/chromosomes


Input: [sequence of AA] Percentage of individuals having a particular genotype that express the expected phenotype [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: penetrance


Input: [sequence of AA] The gene that hides the effect of the other at different locus [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: epistatic


Input: [sequence of AA] sex-limited trait: a trait determined by an autosomal gene that is expressed in only one sex sex-influenced trait: a trait determined by an autosomal gene that is more easily expressed in only one sex [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: What is the difference between sex-limited trait and sex-influenced trait?


Input: [sequence of AA] hypostatic [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: the gene whose effect is hidden in epistasis


Input: [sequence of AA] test cross is performed by crossing the individual with the unknown genotype with an individual possessing a homozygous recessive genotype for the trait. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: test cross


Input: [sequence of AA] The goodness-of-fit chi-square test is a statistical test that determines whether the differences between observed values and expected values are statistically significant or whether they are due to chance alone. [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: chi-squared test


Input: [sequence of AA] differential expression of gene based off which parent it came from --> does not follow mendel's principle of inheritance [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: genomic imprinting


Input: [sequence of AA] distincitveness of a local species and connection that exist among diff pop of same species [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: species accounts for 2 phenomena


Input: [sequence of AA] geographical mechanical temporal behavioral ecological gametic fusion post zygotic [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: repro barriers


Input: [sequence of AA] transformation of one species or the splitting of one ancestoral species into 2 descendant species [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: speciation


Input: [sequence of AA] the differenitation of a population within a local area species that occur together are: - distinctive entitties - behave separately - phenotypically different - utilize differnet parts of habittat [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: sympatric speciation


Input: [sequence of AA] utilize diff parts of habitat such that they never meet ex: tigers and lions, or anything living on the tree tops and something on earths floor [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: ecological isolation


Input: [sequence of AA] may affect traits responsible for reproductive isolation --> speciation may occur [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: random divergence


Input: [sequence of AA] polyploidy (plants) : individual is reproductively isolated from all other members of the species [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: instantenous speciation


Input: [sequence of AA] hybridization of 2 parents, offspring has one set of chromosomes from each species is infertile can reproduce asexually can become fertile if chromosomes spontaneously doubled (polyploidy) - that would be like the donkey + horse = mule, which gave the odd number of chrom. if those doubled, the mule would = new species [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: alloloploidy and speciation


Input: [sequence of AA] closely related species that have recently evolved from a common ancestor by adapting to different parts of the environment • Occurs – in an environment with few other species and many resources – Hawaiian and Galápagos Islands – Catastrophic event leading to extinction of other species [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: adapative radiation


Input: [sequence of AA] (blue footed boobie)– Visual signals – Sound production – Chemical signals: pheromones – Electrical signals: electroreception [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: sympatric avoidance


Input: [sequence of AA] prevents normal development into reproducing adults [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: post zygotic development


Input: [sequence of AA] mating between two different species with a zygote being formed • Hybrids often: – Do not develop into adults – Do not develop into fertile adults Example: mule [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: hybridization


Input: [sequence of AA] changes w/in populations over time2 step process: (1) genetic variation occurs (mutation, changes); (2) increase/decrease of allelic frequencies [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: evolution


Input: [sequence of AA] evolution within a single group ( lineage) over time [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: anagenesis


Input: [sequence of AA] evolution that causes the splitting of a group over time, evolve independently from each other [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: cladogenesis


Input: [sequence of AA] 1. 4 bya : single cells invade other cells = compartmentalization (cyanobacteria in alagae etc) 1 bya: single cell organisms of plants and animals diverge 600-900mya: primitive multicellular organisms 570: explosion of mulitcellular organisms, plant and animal [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: cell time line


Input: [sequence of AA] Phylogenictreesconstructedtoinferchangesin character states originating with a common ancestor [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: point of phylogenetic trees


Input: [sequence of AA] Divergence may be due to a few thousand isolated genetic changes not yet identified Probably in regulatory sequences [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: humans vs chimpanzees


Input: [sequence of AA] Genetic/protein data: easy to interpret • Can be used with all organisms • Can assess evolutionary history between distantly related organisms • Can be quantified • Can provide information about the processes of evolution • Databases are HUGE and growing!! Can use DNA sequence variations – Restriction enzymes (molecular scissors) to find sequence differences – Microsatellite variation w/in populations – DNA sequence gene of interest [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: molecular markers


Input: [sequence of AA] Exon Shuffling = exchange, mosaics of genes created • Duplication creates multi-gene families that are similar but encode different products • Whole genome duplication (two copies of every gene--will acquire new function; yeast S. cerevisiae) • Horizontal gene transfer (bacteria) [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: genome evolution


Input: [sequence of AA] small changes over great amount of time [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: gradualism


Input: [sequence of AA] long periods of stasis followed by rapid change --> Stabilizing and oscillating selection is responsible for stasis [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: puncuated equilibrium


Input: [sequence of AA] Changing patterns of natural selection • Globalclimatechange: majorchallenge for many species • Decreased population sizes will increase the likelihood of genetic drift • Geographic isolation will remove homogenizing effect of gene flow • Chemicals and radiation could increase mutation rate [Primary structure of proteien]

Output: humans + future + evolution


Input: What keeps the horse from kicking out laterally?

Output: Accessory ligament of the head of the femur

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Input: Where does the ligament of the head of the femur originate from in the horse? In the ruminant?

Output: Horse - pubic groove near acetabular notch Ruminant - acetabulum

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: From where does the accessory ligament of the head of the femur originate in the horse?

Output: Prepubic tendon

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Input: What ligament covers the acetabular notch?

Output: Transverse acetabular ligament

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where is the coxofemoral joint injection done in the horse?

Output: Btw. greater and lesser trochanter, direct needle craniomedially to a depth of 11 to 12 cm yeah right

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which is more proximal, the base or the apex of the patella?

Output: The base is the most proximal

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Is the parapatellar fibrocartilage located medially or laterally?

Output: Medially

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: T or F: The patella is the only sesamoid bone in the large animal stifle joint.

Output: True!

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the three patellar ligaments? Which animals are they found in?

Output: Lateral, middle, medial In horse and ox

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which patellar cartilage is most commonly torn?

Output: Medial is most commonly torn (causes lateral patellar luxation)

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which ligaments course from the menisci to the tibia?

Output: cranial and caudal meniscotibial ligaments

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which ligaments course from the menisci to the femur?

Output: ONLY the meniscofemoral ligament! From the lateral meniscus!

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where does the patella "lock" in the horse?

Output: On the medial trochlear ridge of the femur

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the three patellar positions?

Output: Gliding surface for progression Resting for standing squarely or walking Locking

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which muscle is involved in the patellar locking mechanism?

Output: Vastus medialis

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Input: Which of the synovial pouches of the femorotibial joint communicates with the femoropatellar joint?

Output: Medial pouch usually does Lateral pouch does in 25% of horses

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where would the femoropatellar joint be injected in the horse?

Output: Dorsal to tibial crest btw. middle and medial patellar ligs.

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where would the medial femorotibial pouch be injected in the horse?

Output: btw medial patellar ligament and the medial collatoral ligament

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where would the lateral femorotibial pouch be injected in the horse?

Output: Between the lateral patellar ligament and the lateral collateral ligament

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What term describes inflammation of the stifle?

Output: Gonitis

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Inability to unlock the patella is known as...

Output: ...upward fixation of the patella

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How many patellar ligaments in the small ruminant?

Output: Just one. :(

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the bones of the equine tarsus?

Output: Calcaneus Talus Fused tarsal 1 and 2 Central tarsal bone 3rd and 4th tarsal bones

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which tarsal collateral ligament forms a canal for the lateral digital extensor tendon?

Output: Lateral collateral ligament

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Input: Curb is caused by inflammation of what structure?

Output: Long plantar ligament

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Input: What is the function of the long plantar ligament?

Output: Counteracts the pull of the common calcaneal tendon

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the joints of the equine tarsus?

Output: Tarsocrural (tarsotibial) Proximal intertarsal Distal intertarsal joint Tarsometatarsal joint

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which joints of the equine tarsus communicate?

Output: Tarsocrural (tarsotibial) Proximal intertarsal

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Input: Which joint of the equine carpus has the greatest mobility?

Output: Tarsocrural (tibiotarsal)

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Which tarsal joint are the four tarsal pouches associated with?

Output: Tarsocrural (tibiotarsal) joint

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Input: What are the boundaries of the dorsomedial pouch?

Output: Cunean tendon Peroneus tertius Medial collateral lig Medial malleolus

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Input: What are the boundaries of the Medioplantar pouch?

Output: medial collateral lig DDF level of medial malleolus

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Input: What are the boundaries of the dorsolateral pouch?

Output: lateral collateral lig btw long and lat digital ext tendon short digital ext

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Input: What are the boundaries to the lateroplantar pouch?

Output: caudal to the lateral collateral lig btw calcaneus and lat malleolus

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Input: Where is the tarsocrural joint commonly injected? What structure must be avoided?

Output: Dorsomedial pouch avoid cranial br. of the medial saphenous v.

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where is the distal intertarsal joint injected?

Output: medial surface of tarsus btw. distal tubercle of the talus and space btw metatarsals II and III proximally

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where is the cunean bursa injected?

Output: medial surface of tarsus under distal border of cunean tendon

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where is the tarsometatarsal joint injected?

Output: Plantarolateral aspect of tarsus insert needle proximal to head of metatarsal IV

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Input: Which tendons do the tarsal sheath enclose?

Output: Lateral and caudal heads of the DDF

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Input: Inflammation of the tarsal sheath is called...

Output: Thoroughpin

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Input: Osteoarthritis of the distal hock joints is known as...

Output: Spavin!

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A neurological hyperflexion of joints of pelvic limb is called

Output: Stringhalt

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How can stringhalt be treated?

Output: remove lateral digital extensor muscle insertion (less input to lateral collateral ligament)

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the stifle component of the pelvic stay apparatus?

Output: Patellar locking mechanism of the stifle

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the hock component of the pelvic stay apparatus?

Output: SDF prevents flexion of hock

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: How does the pelvic limb stay apparatus differ from that of the thoracic limb below the hock?

Output: Not much different. Pelvic limb has no prox check lig; SDF attaches directly to tuber calcanei Distal check ligament may not be present.

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What are the bones of the bovine tarsus?

Output: Calcaneus Talus Fused 2nd and 3rd tarsal bones Fused central and 4th tarsal bones

Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Joints of the Pelvic Limb - Spring 2010 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [What is somatic pain?] What is nociception?

Output: Process by which tissue damage is communicated to the Central Nervous System

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] Distraction, hypnosis and relaxation alter this step in the pain process

Output: What is pain perception?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] Medication used to reverse narcotic toxicity

Output: What is a narcan

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] Medication used to dry secretions during final phases of death

Output: What is scopalamine?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] The most common side effect of all narcotics

Output: What is constipation

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] Common NSAID given IM following orthopedic surgeries. Also available PO

Output: What is Toradol or ketoralac?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] Medication delivered directly into the subarachnoid space

Output: What is intrathecal?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] gtts/min

Output: (volume x gtt factor) / time

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] Written statements regarding a persons wishes regarding medical care

Output: What are advanced directives?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] Medication used to ease respiratory distress during final stages of death

Output: What is Morphine?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] Long term care facility which provides 24 hour care with nursing supervision. Patients must have a skilled need

Output: What is a skilled nursing facility?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] Long term care facility which provides convalescent care along with medical, social and rehabilitation services

Output: What is an intermediate care facility?

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources


Input: [What is somatic pain?] Health care delivery where charges are negotiated in advance of the delivery of care. Reimbursement rates are predetermined for hospitalization and medical services

Output: What is managed care or the prospective payment system

Nurs 155 Test 1: Community, Pain, Death Flashcards - Cram.com

Pain which arises from musculoskeletal sources