Input: What is the difference between sporangiospores and conidiospores?

Output: Sporangiospores are produced at the end of aerial hyphae. Conidiospores are formed on hyphae called conidiospores can be one-celled or multi-celled.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: how are molds identified in the laboratory?

Output: Pigment, Height, Slide Cultures

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Define Bacteriophage:

Output: Viruses that infect bacteria

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Define Lytic

Output: Lysis, Explode, burst

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Define Plaque

Output: Clear area on the agar represented by lysed E. coli

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What is the purpose for making dilutions of the T-4 virus?

Output: To get a countable plate

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What equation is used to calculate the titer of phage?

Output: Plaque Count X Dilution Factor X Sample Amount= PFU/mL

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Define obligate intracellular parasite

Output: They can grow only inside another living host cell.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Define the Lytic Cycle

Output: Viruses burst open their bacterial host once the appropriate number of viruses has been synthesized, killing the bacteria.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: How does a medium used for bacterial growth differ from media used for bacteriophage growth?

Output: Bacteriophages can only survive in molten agar, not in normal media.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What was the purpose of E. coli in the viral plaque experiment (Ex. 14)?

Output: E. coli was the host.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Differentiate between Staphylococcus and Streptococcus by the catalase test.

Output: Staphylococcus will bubble, meaning it has catalase to break down the hydrogen peroxide. Streptococcus will not bubble because it does not have the catalase enzyme.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What is the principle of the catalase test and what reagent is used?

Output: The test is used to determine whether or not catalase is present. Catalase will break down the hydrogen peroxide (reagent) and produce bubbles that are visible to the naked eye.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What is the principle and the reagents used in the coagulase test?

Output: Reagent is rabbit plasma...if coagulase is present there will be clumping.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What are the results for Staphylococcus aureus in the coagulase and it's reaction on Mannitol Salt agar?

Output: Coagulase positive. Positive On Mannitol Salt Agar.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What are the results for Staphylococcus epidermidis in the coagulase and it's reaction on Mannitol Salt agar?

Output: Coagulase negative. Negative on mannitol salt agar.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: How is Mannitol Salt Agar both a selective and a differential media?

Output: It is selective because it determines what can grow because of the high salt concentration and differential because it determines what ferments mannitol because it will turn hot pink.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What is the pigmentation of Micrococcus luteus?

Output: Yellow.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What are the results of the nitrate test and glucose fermentation for Micrococcus luteus?

Output: Negative for nitrate reduction. Negative for glucose fermentation.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What are the results of the nitrate test and glucose fermentation for Micrococcus roseus?

Output: Positive for nitrate reduction. Negative for glucose fermentation.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What is the pigmentation of Micrococcus roseus?

Output: Pink.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Staphylococcus and Micrococcus are what type of bacteria?

Output: Gram Positive Cocci in clusters.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Where is Staphylococcus and Micrococcus found normally on the body?

Output: On the Skin and Mucous membranes.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What is a carrier?

Output: Someone who harbors the pathogen but shows no signs and symptoms.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What is MRSA?

Output: Isolates that have become resistant to penicillin derivatives.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What does nosocomial mean?

Output: Hospital acquired infection.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Name two substances that Staphylococcus aureus produce to cause disease.

Output: Exotoxins and enzymes

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: When do Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus cause disease?

Output: In compromised tissues.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What are the types of hemolysis and what do they look like?

Output: Alpha: Brownish green Beta: Bright Yellow Gamma: Looks like normal bacteria growth

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Why do you use the streak stab method for blood agar inoculations?

Output: Because it enhances the appearance. Microaerophiles will find their area of oxygen easier.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Identify the Alpha Streptococcus and beta Streptococcus given the appropriate biochemical test...

Output: Optochin for Alpha: sensitive= Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant= Streptococcus mitis. Beta= Bacitracin Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes; resistant= group c streptococcus

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Differentiate the Enterococcus from other alpha hemolytic streptococcus...

Output: Enterococcus turns black (+) during the bile esculin test while the others are negative. Enterococcus is also resistant to both the optochin and bacitracin tests.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: How do the appearances of the colonies of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus differ?

Output: Staphylococcus=clusters streptococcus= lines and pairs

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Which enzyme helps differentiate all staphylococcus from streptococcus?

Output: Catalase

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: How did Lancefield divide the beta-hemolytic streptococci into groups?

Output: Based on the C polysaccharides extracted from the cell walls.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What is the species name of Lancefield Group A streptococcus?

Output: Streptococcus Pyogenes

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: What is the species name of Lancefield Group B streptococci?

Output: Streptococcus agalactiae

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Where are Enterococcus normally found in the body?

Output: G.I. Tract

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Define VRE

Output: Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus- nosocomial acquired strains that have acquired resistance to vancomycin.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Define Viridans Streptococci

Output: Alpha hemolytic streptococci that produce green hemolysis.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Name a disease that Group A Strep causes...

Output: Strep Throat

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Name a disease that Group B Strep causes...

Output: Neonatal septicemia

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Name a disease that Enterococcus causes....

Output: Urinary Tract Infection

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Name a disease that Streptococcus pneumoniae causes...

Output: Community-acquired pneumonia

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Name a disease that viridans streptococci causes...

Output: Dental Cavities

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Explain how CNA and MacConkey agar aid in the identification of your mixed unknown...

Output: CNA only grows gram (+) bacteria MacConkey grows gram (-) bacteria

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: Differentiate bacteria that grow on MacConkey by their ability to ferment lactose...

Output: If the bacteria can ferment lactose it will turn hot pink.

Mold has a hairy, mossy look while yeast is white, creamy, and moist and smells like yeast.


Input: psychological disorder that can include involutional melancholia and bipolar disorders. [activity theory]

Output: affective psychosis


Input: community based psychiatric care groups in which a multidisciplinary team assesses the individual & develops a holistic plan of care. [activity theory]

Output: comprehensive community psychogeriatric care systems


Input: theory that relates the factors of personality & the predisposition toward certain actions in old age to similar factors during other phases of life. [activity theory]

Output: continuity theory of aging


Input: problem solving that is unique, innovative, original, and inventive. [activity theory]

Output: creativity


Input: disorder that can range from mild, brief sadness to intense reaction to loss, severe psychotic depression, or a profound regression into pseudodementia. [activity theory]

Output: depression


Input: another name for the continuity theory of aging. [activity theory]

Output: developmental theory


Input: controversial theory that views aging as a process whereby society and the individual gradually withdraw, or disengage, from each other, to the mutual satisfaction and benefit of both. [activity theory]

Output: disengagement theory


Input: a muscle that acts as a part of a stimulus-response chain. [activity theory]

Output: effector


Input: theory that presumes people will try to maximize their rewards and minimize their losses [activity theory]

Output: exchange theory of aging


Input: refers to the outlook of people who believe that luck, chance, or fate determines what happens to them and that they are not in control of their own destiny. [activity theory]

Output: external orientation


Input: refers to people who are group oriented and want to go along as much as possible with what others in particular social situations are doing. [activity theory]

Output: field dependent


Input: Refers to people who see no need to conform to societal expectations and may choose to go their own way instead [activity theory]

Output: field independent


Input: A scale used in gerontological research to categorize the life satisfaction of elderly individuals. [activity theory]

Output: Havighurst scale


Input: Inner life or psychological existence. [activity theory]

Output: interiority


Input: Outlook of persons who tend to believe that they are in control of themselves and their environment and that they determine their own life chances, successes, and failures. [activity theory]

Output: internal orientation


Input: Refers to dementia that has resulted from brain tissue loss or poor circulation and cannot be medically corrected. [activity theory]

Output: irreversible dementia


Input: Theory that proposes an individual derives a self-concept from interaction with other people in one’s social surrounding. [activity theory]

Output: labeling theory


Input: refers to an onset of schizophrenia after age 50. [activity theory]

Output: late-life schizophrenia


Input: A detachment that allows people to view any problem-solving process in a larger context. [activity theory]

Output: meditative intelligence


Input: A noticeable and dysfunctional behavior that occurs in an individual and is associated with personal distress or impaired ability to function in everyday social roles. [activity theory]

Output: mental disorder


Input: Term used to refer to a large group of complex processes that are subdivided into learning, memory, creativity, intelligence, and wisdom. [activity theory]

Output: mental functioning


Input: Emotional disorders which may include anxiety neurosis, hysterical neurosis, depressive neurosis, and hypochondriacal neurosis. [activity theory]

Output: neuroses


Input: Psychotic disorders presenting a persecutory or grandiose delusion. [activity theory]

Output: paranoid states


Input: The process of evaluating information gathered by the senses and giving it meaning. [activity theory]

Output: perception


Input: Involves how a person appears to others, especially the style of presenting attitudes, values, beliefs, habits, and preferences. [activity theory]

Output: personality


Input: A lifelong process that involves components that are physiological, genetic, psychological, or social in nature. [activity theory]

Output: personality development


Input: Lifelong defects in personality development. [activity theory]

Output: personality disorders


Input: A complex chain of activities that begins with a sensory mechanism and ends with a reaction, usually one that is muscular in nature. [activity theory]

Output: psychomotor performance


Input: A severe depression linked to a definable life experience. [activity theory]

Output: psychotic depressive reaction


Input: The period that elapses between the presentation of a stimulus and the beginning of a response. [activity theory]

Output: reaction time


Input: The idea that an older person might define a condition or situation as more positive than it might otherwise appear. [activity theory]

Output: relative appreciation


Input: An individual's sense that he or she is less fortunate than others. [activity theory]

Output: relative deprivation


Input: Timed reaction to visual stimuli, abstract shapes, and letters. [activity theory]

Output: response time


Input: Dementias resulting from physiological disturbances such as medication interactions, alcoholism, heart disease, depression, or diabetes. [activity theory]

Output: reversible dementias


Input: Refers to the level of confidence and satisfaction one has with oneself. [activity theory]

Output: self-esteem


Input: The level of function for the five sense. [activity theory]

Output: sensory functions


Input: Another name for Alzheimer's disease, a cerebral degenerative disorder of unknown origin [activity theory]

Output: senile dementia


Input: A social deficiency syndrome that develops when the following four components are present: 1) the individual is susceptible to psychological breakdown because of identity problem; 2) others label the individual as incompetent or deficient in some respect; 3) the individual is induced into a role of sickness or dependence and learns the behaviors associated with that role; 4) the individual identifies himself or herself as sick or inadequate. [activity theory]

Output: social breakdown syndrome


Input: A means of combating social breakdown syndrome in which three inputs that can help older adults maintain their self-confidence and independence over time are identified. [activity theory]

Output: social reconstructive syndrome


Input: Theory developed by George Mead, Charles Cooley, and William Thomas that proposes the ability of humans to acquire and use language makes them distinctly different from other forms of life. [activity theory]

Output: symbolic interaction theory


Input: Excellent judgment and advice about uncertain and important matters of life. [activity theory]

Output: wisdom


Input: a process whereby the presence of others enchances the performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks (do something practiced infront of a crowd, but if you just learned it, do it alone) [what is a collective]

Output: social facilitation


Input: the proposition that the mere presejnce of others is sufficient enough to produce social facilitation effects [what is a collective]

Output: mere presence theory


Input: a theory holding that the presence of others will produce social facilitaion effects only when those others are seen as potential evaluators (ppl are watching and laughing) [what is a collective]

Output: evaluation apprehension theory


Input: the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects when those others distract from the tast and create attentional conflict [what is a collective]

Output: distraction-conflict theory


Input: a group processed reduction in individual output on easy tasks where contributions are pooled. (cheer softer when in a group and louder alone) [what is a collective]

Output: social loafing


Input: theory that individuals will exert effort on a collective task to the degree that they think their individual efforts will be important, relevant, and meaningful for achieving outcomes that they value. (individuals increase their efforts to make up for social loafing) [what is a collective]

Output: collective effort model


Input: loss of a persons sense of individuality and the reduction of normal constraints against behavior (get lost in the group, not individual anymore linching, mob) [what is a collective]

Output: deindividuation


Input: the exaggeration through group discussion of initial tendencies in the thinking of group members (if most are thinking dangerous thoughts, then the rest of the group will too) [what is a collective]

Output: group polarization


Input: a group decision making style characterized by an excessive tendency among group members to seek concurrence (challenger... 1 person was nervous, ppl ignored him, blew up) [what is a collective]

Output: groupthink


Input: reduction in group performance due to obstacles created by group processes, sych as problems of coordination and motivation (ppl interfere with 1 person getting a good idea, lack of motivation-like social loafing) [what is a collective]

Output: process loss


Input: condition in which the commitments to a failing course of action are increased to justify investments already made (bigdig, even when finished still problems, and they escalate their commitment instead of changing their idea) [what is a collective]

Output: escalation effect


Input: shared system for remembering information that enables multiple people to remember information together more efficiently than they could alone (each person can remember something and put it all together) [what is a collective]

Output: transactive memory


Input: situation in which a self-interested choice by everyone creates the worst outcome for everyone (what is good for one is bad for all) [what is a collective]

Output: social dilemma


Input: one party must make either cooperative of competitive moves in relation to another party. (one confesses, no jail other 10 years...) [what is a collective]

Output: prisoner's dilemma


Input: social dilemmas concerning how two or more people share a limited resource (commons dilemma- if someone takes as much as they want, there will be none left) (public goods dilemma- all individuals contribute resources to a common pool) [what is a collective]

Output: resource dilemma


Input: strategy for unilateral, persistent efforts to establish trust and cooperation between opposing parties (cooperation is met with cooperation, attack with attack) [what is a collective]

Output: graduated and reciprocated intension-reduction GRIT


Input: negotiated resolution to a conflict in which all parties obtain outcomes that are superior to what they would havbe obtained from an equal division of the contested resources (give one girl the peel, the other the orange for juice) [what is a collective]

Output: integrative agreement


Input: the desire to establish and maintain many rewarding interpersonal relationships (want social contact with others) [what is a collective]

Output: need for affiliation


Input: the more often people are exposed to a stimulus, the more positively they evaluate that stimulus (see a grape, like it more) [what is a collective]

Output: mere exposure effect


Input: belief that physically attractive individuals also possess desirable personality characteristics [what is a collective]

Output: what is beautiful is good stereotype


Input: ppl are attracted to others who are similar in physical appearance [what is a collective]

Output: matching hypothesis


Input: mutual exchange between what we give and receive (liking those who like us) [what is a collective]

Output: reciprocity


Input: tendency to prefer people who are highly selective in their social choices over those who are more readily available (play hard to get) [what is a collective]

Output: hard to get effect


Input: perspective that views people as motivated to maximize benefits and minimize costs in their relationships with others (relationships with more rewards will last longer) [what is a collective]

Output: social exchange theory


Input: ppl are most satisfied with a relationship when the ratio between benefits and contributions is similar for both partners [what is a collective]

Output: equity theory


Input: participants expect and desire strict reciprocity in their interactions (tit for tat, want it to always be equal, give and expect something in return) [what is a collective]

Output: exchange relationship


Input: participants expect and desire mutual responsiveness to each others needs (give without expecting something back) [what is a collective]

Output: communal relationship


Input: way a person typically interacts with significant others (style with bf/gf) [what is a collective]

Output: attachment style


Input: love has three basic components- passion, intimacy, and commitment- those get put into 8 subtypes [what is a collective]

Output: triangular theory of love


Input: romantic- high arousal and intense attraction [what is a collective]

Output: passionate love


Input: secure, trusting, stable relationship [what is a collective]

Output: companionate love


Input: arousal caused by one stimulus is added to arousal from a second stimulus and the combined arousal is attributed to the second stimulus (dancing w/someone may intensify a persons feelings, fanning the flames for passion [what is a collective]

Output: excitation transfer


Input: revelations about the self that a person makes to others (open up and share intimate facts about yourself to others) [what is a collective]

Output: self-disclosure


Input: actions intended to benefit others [what is a collective]

Output: prosocial behaviors


Input: preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in the greater likelihood that genes held in common will survive (save someone who is family, animals warn others of predators) [what is a collective]

Output: kin selection


Input: people react to emergency situations by acting in the most cost-effective way to reduce the arousal of shock and alarm (see someone hurt, we are aroused, help them so that we can feel better) [what is a collective]

Output: arousal: cost-reward model


Input: motivated by the desire to improve another's welfare [what is a collective]

Output: altruistic


Input: motivated by the desire to increase one's own welfare [what is a collective]

Output: egotistic


Input: proposition that empathetic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping (truly focused on how the other person is feeling) [what is a collective]

Output: empathy-altruism hypothesis


Input: ppl help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness [what is a collective]

Output: negative state relief model


Input: presence of others inhibits of helping [what is a collective]

Output: bystander effect


Input: the state in which ppl mistakenly believe that their own feelings are different from those of others, even when everyone's behavior in the same [what is a collective]

Output: pluralistic ignorance


Input: belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need [what is a collective]

Output: diffusion of responsibility


Input: reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers (ppl feel embarrased in a social setting) [what is a collective]

Output: audience inhibition


Input: effect whereby a good mood increases behavior [what is a collective]

Output: good mood effect


Input: general rule of conduct reflecting standards of social approval and disapproval (standards of approved or disapproved behavior) [what is a collective]

Output: social norm


Input: moral standard emphasizing that people should help those who need assistance [what is a collective]

Output: norm of social responsibility


Input: theory that reactions to receiving assistance depend on whether help is perceived as supportive or threatening (receiving help is self supportive,-they feel appreciated and cared for, but self-threatened when teh recipeint feels inferior and overly dependent [what is a collective]

Output: threat-to-self-esteem model


Input: [1] anatomy [2]

Output: the science of the structure of living organisms

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] physiology [2]

Output: the science of the functioning of living organisms

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] anatomical position [2]

Output: the erect position of the body with the face directed forward, arms at the side, palms face up

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] metabolism [2]

Output: the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] organelle [2]

Output: specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] dorsal [2]

Output: pertaining to the back; posterior

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ventral [2]

Output: anterior or front

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] superior [2]

Output: body part that is located above another

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] anterior [2]

Output: the front of an organism, organ, or part; the ventral surface

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] posterior [2]

Output: located behind a part or toward the rear of a structure.

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] histology [2]

Output: the branch of anatomy dealing with the microscopic structure of tissues

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sagittal plane [2]

Output: a longitudinal plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right or left portions

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] transverse plane [2]

Output: plane that divides the body or its parts into superior and inferior portions; also called a cross section

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] coronal plane [2]

Output: a longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] distal [2]

Output: farthest from the point of attachment of a limb or origin of a structure

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] proximal [2]

Output: toward the attached end of a limb or the origin of a structure.

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] lateral [2]

Output: away from the midline of the body

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] medial [2]

Output: toward the midline of the body

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pathology [2]

Output: the scientific study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development and consequences

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] homeostasis [2]

Output: a state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] inferior [2]

Output: the point lowest on the body Ex The belly button is inferior to the nose

Anatomy Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: word gets more negative connotation over time silly (used to mean blessed) [amelioration]

Output: pejoration

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: already existing alternation of some pattern extends to new forms which did not formerly undergo the alternation [amelioration]

Output: analogical extension

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: reduces the number of allomorphs a form has makes paradigms more uniform [amelioration]

Output: analogical leveling

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: anticipatory assimilation back vowel fronted front vowel raised [amelioration]

Output: umlaut

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: loss of word-final segments [amelioration]

Output: apocope

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: one sound causes another to be more similar to it [amelioration]

Output: assimilation

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: boundary reanalysis unexpected directionality to fill a gap cherise was taken to mean English pl cherries, so cherry was formed [amelioration]

Output: back formation

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: C1VC2, C2->0, V gets lengthened [amelioration]

Output: compensatory lengthening

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sound undergoes a change everywhere it appears in a language no condition on its placement in order to get the change [amelioration]

Output: unconditioned change

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: sound becomes less like nearby sound [amelioration]

Output: dissimilation

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sanskrit dissimilation 1st breathy C in a word becomes unaspirated [amelioration]

Output: Grassmann's law

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: segment gets inserted in word, esp word-medially [amelioration]

Output: epenthesis

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: epenthesis of a vowel [amelioration]

Output: anaptyxis

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: epenthesis of a consonant [amelioration]

Output: excresence

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: stops and frics and ends of words tend to devoice Dt. Auslautverhaertung [amelioration]

Output: word-final devoicing

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: opposite of fusion from original sound, two sounds may develop Dt borrowing of Fr "ballon" (ballong) [amelioration]

Output: fission (unpacking)

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: two original sounds may turn into one sound with some features of both [amelioration]

Output: fusion

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Germanic p>f b>p bh>b [amelioration]

Output: Grimm's Law

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: syllable lost when next to very similar-sounding syllable [amelioration]

Output: haplology

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: change associated with high social standing used incorrectly in an attempt to affect that standing He gave it to you and I. Up with it I will not put! [amelioration]

Output: hypercorrection

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: semantic change based on similarity between the original concept named by a word and the target concept named by this word insult used literally to mean "jump on" saddle for saddle of mountain [amelioration]

Output: metaphor

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: assimilatory change based on palatal place of articulation spreading [amelioration]

Output: palatalization

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: two different phonemes become one phoneme one of the phonemes can be the same before and after the change r>r s>r now r doesn't exist: ethe > r s>r [amelioration]

Output: phonemic merger

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: one phoneme becomes a different phoneme s>r [amelioration]

Output: phonemic shift

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: inflected word of a particular category gets another instance of a semantically similar morpheme added on child (sg) childer (pl) > child+er+en (plpl) [amelioration]

Output: reinforcement

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: lenition of [s] or [z] to r / V_V [amelioration]

Output: rhotacism

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: loss of segment(s) word-medially [amelioration]

Output: syncope

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: long-distance vowel-specific assimilatory process [amelioration]

Output: vowel harmony

Linguistics 130 Midterm 1 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: something of value one can't get without joining an organization [interest groups]

Output: incentive


Input: the social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations [interest groups]

Output: solidary incentives


Input: money or things values in monetary terms [interest groups]

Output: material incentives


Input: a benefit that comes from serving a cause or incentive [interest groups]

Output: purposive incentive


Input: political organizations that attract members by appealing to their political convinctions or principals [interest groups]

Output: ideological interest groups


Input: a political organization whose goals will principally benefit nonmembers [interest groups]

Output: public-interest lobby


Input: a widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order [interest groups]

Output: social movement


Input: a signal telling a legislator what values are at stake in a vote, and how that issue fits into his or her own political views on party agenda [interest groups]

Output: political cue


Input: assessments of a representative's voting record on issues important to an interest group [interest groups]

Output: ratings


Input: What are the three reasons why interest groups are common in the US? [interest groups]

Output: 1. More political cleavage means more greater variety of interests. 2. We have multiple officials to go to for our political interests 3. Interest groups have more power than political parties


Input: What are four factors that contribute to the birth of interest groups? [interest groups]

Output: 1. broad economic developments 2. government policies giving power to certain groups to make decisions about professional areas 3. need leadership and money (usually from young people) 4. More government activities = more groups


Input: How does the size of an interest group affect the issues they work for? [interest groups]

Output: Small interest groups work on more issues because everyone is united in what they want done. Large issue groups work on less issues because there are so many people in the group and they want to prevent in-fighting.


Input: What does it mean when America is called a "nation of joiners"? [interest groups]

Output: Americans have a high tendency to join religious, civic, or political associations than any other country.


Input: What are the three types of incentives to join an interest group? [interest groups]

Output: Solidary, material, and purposive


Input: What is the special differences between the types of incentives to join an interest group? [interest groups]

Output: Solidary- only works face to face, lure people in through chapters of a whole big organization Material- gives discounts and insurance to members, most members only join for that so they don't work Purposive- Passionate, small in numbers


Input: What do conservative interest groups do to get their goal across? [interest groups]

Output: Research or sue until their rights are upheld or created.


Input: What is the influence of the staff and in which type of incentive is it more powerful? [interest groups]

Output: Interest groups reflect more what the staff thinks than the members. Material incentives


Input: How do social movements start up? [interest groups]

Output: They are highly unpredictable but are sometimes triggered by scandals or actions of affluent people.


Input: The three kinds of feminist movements depend on the different incentives. Describe how they handle issues. [interest groups]

Output: Solidary incentives- have to avoid group-tearing issues Purposive incentives- have to take strong issues with strong action, but can't control the local chapters Material incentives- not really said but it is important to note that they are funded by the government


Input: When did Union Movements first occur? [interest groups]

Output: During the Great Depression


Input: What are Union Movements like now? [interest groups]

Output: Since the Great Depression, membership has declined. But they still survive because many people with incentives join.


Input: How do interest groups receive funding? [interest groups]

Output: Foundation Grants, Federal Grants & Contracts, Direct Mail


Input: How do interest groups receive funding through federal grants and contracts? [interest groups]

Output: Government can't fund the group itself but they can fund the activities such as community service.


Input: How do interest groups make direct mail appeal to recipients? [interest groups]

Output: 1. Put teasers on the front (such as a hero, like MLK) 2. Put the demon on the front (like a badly hated polititian) 3. Use a famous name endorsement 4. Personalize by addressing personally


Input: How do interest groups control information to politics? [interest groups]

Output: They are the only ones with specific recent info pertaining to their agenda


Input: When people who supply info are advantageous because they are the only ones with trusted information [interest groups]

Output: Client Politics


Input: What is the basis of grassroot lobbying? [interest groups]

Output: -Senators only deal with interest groups they like and vice versa -Groups have to take action to take the vote of an undecided -Embarass enemies


Input: How are grassroot politics viewed today? [interest groups]

Output: Groups have been emphasizing grass root politics.


Input: What is the least effective way to advance a cause? [interest groups]

Output: Money


Input: What are the reasons to make trouble in politics (exp: protests)? [interest groups]

Output: 1. Disrupt work so people will listen 2. Enlist third party help


Input: Why do polititians hate trouble making in politics (exp: protests)? [interest groups]

Output: It's a no win situation. If they address the situation, the opposing side will be angry, if they don't address the situation, they will be viewed as heartless.


Input: How are interest groups not shot down? [interest groups]

Output: Protected by the 1st amendment


Input: 1946 Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act [interest groups]

Output: -must register group to Congress -submit financial reports -restrict direct contact with officials


Input: Current definition of a lobbyist [interest groups]

Output: -spends 20% of time lobbying -paid at least $5000 to lobby for 6 months -corporations who spent $20,000 on lobbying for 6 months


Input: ASSENT (usually requires mutuality) BENEFIT conferred upon principal CONTROL of agent by principal DURING and within scope of agent's employment

Output: Agency - Creation Creating an agency relationship is as easy as ABCD.

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: minimum contacts purposeful availment foreseeable defendant fair play and substantial justice relatedness of contact convenience state's interest

Output: Civil Procedure - Personal Jurisdiction acrostic My Parents Frequently Forgot to Read Children's Stories

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: IDENTICAL PARTY ACTUALLY WAIVED NECESSARY IDENTICAL issue PARTY to the first proceeding (BUT mutuality considered) ACTUALLY litigated in first proceeding WAIVED assertion rights by failing to litigate in prior proceeding (with full and fair opportunity) NECESSARY to the outcome

Output: Civil Procedure - elements of Collateral Estoppel if I PAWN something, I am precluded from taking issue if it gets sold.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: PURPOSEFUL EVIDENCE LAW INITIATION CAUSE ALTERNATIVE NATURE STATE'S BURDEN FORESEEABILITY PURPOSEFUL availment - Hanson v. Denckla EVIDENCE – location of witnesses and evidence LAW - choice of law (forum shopping?) INITIATION - did D initiate contact with forum state? CAUSE of action - where did cause of action arise? ALTERNATIVE forum available? fair & convenient? NATURE & quality of activities - systematic vs. sporadic, direct vs. indirect, dangerous activity? STATE's interest in providing a forum for its residents and protecting health & safety concerns BURDEN of parties - economic cost, risk of multiplicity of suits, relative burden on defendant FORESEEABILITY - WW Volkswagen (likely they'd be “haled into court”)

Output: Civil Procedure - Minimum Contacts, Fair Play & Substantial Justice minimal contact with PELICANS does not make you Best Friends

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: PLEADINGS INSUFFICIENCY CLAIM TRIABLE VENUE ALLEGATIONS LACK INDISPENSABLE DEFINITE motion for judgment on the PLEADINGS INSUFFICIENCY of process (motion to dismiss) failure to state a CLAIM (motion to dismiss) no TRIABLE issue of material fact exists as a matter of law (motion for summary judgment) improper VENUE (motion to transfer) ALLEGATIONS that are irrelevant, impertinent, scandalous (motion to strike) LACK of jurisdiction over subject matter or person (motion to dismiss) failure to join INDISPENSABLE party (motion to dismiss) motion for more DEFINITE statement of claim against defendant

Output: Civil Procedure - Challenging The Complaint Defendant PICT VALID reasons to challenge the complaint.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DEFINABLE ECONOMY COMMONALITY ADEQUACY NUMEROSITY TYPICALITY 23(b) roughly DEFINABLE class of which P is a member judicial ECONOMY served claims have COMMON legal theory or arise out of same transaction or occurrence named parties must ADEQUATELY represent class potential Ps too NUMEROUS for joinder claim of named P must be TYPICAL of the class 23 B - action must fall within one of three categories of FRCP 23 (b)

Output: Civil Procedure - Requirements for Certification of Class Action DECANT vintage 23(b) before you pour it into a class.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DEPOSITIONS ADMISSIONS DOCUMENTS INTERROGATORIES EXAMINATIONS SUBPOENAS depositions (written or oral) admissions of facts documents related to cause of action (if for good cause) interrogatories examination (mental or physical) subpoena (duces tecum)

Output: Civil Procedure - Discovery Devices DADIES discover what you don't want them to know.

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: MINIMUM contacts OPPORTUNITY PROPER service minimum contact with the state opportunity for defendant to be heard proper service of process upon defendant

Output: Civil Procedure - basic jurisdictional requirements The due process clause requires you to MOP up before jurisdiction can be asserted

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DOMICILIARY IN-STATE service AGENT LONG-ARM DOING business CONSENT defendant is a domiciliary in-state service on a non-domiciliary agent of corporation served (must be designated) long-arm jurisdiction over non-domiciliary doing business in-state consent to state's jurisdiction by defendant

Output: Civil Procedure - jurisdiction over corporations To obtain independent personal jurisdiction over defendant corporation, DIAL DC

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DERIVES revenue ENGAGES in conduct EXPECTS consequences REGULARLY solicits derives substantial revenues from goods used/consumed or services rendered in-state engages in persistent course of conduct in-state expects (or reasonably should expect) that tortious acts would have consequences in-state AND defendant derives substantial revenues from interstate/int'l business regularly solicits in-state business

Output: Civil Procedure - long-arm jurisdiction over tortious conduct long-arm jurisdiction extends to non-resident tortious DEER

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DOMICILE ABANDONMENT DECREE separation AGREEMENT state was most recent marital DOMICILE of parties ABANDONMENT took place in-state claim for support accrued under state DECREE or law parties executed a separation AGREEMENT in-state

Output: Civil Procedure - jurisdiction over matrimonial action When DADA doesn't live in-state, mama can still seek maintenance and child support

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: STIPULATE CAUSE ANSWER MOTION SUMMARY STIPULATE in open court, pleading, contract or letter assert unrelated CAUSE of action in answer serve an ANSWER that fails to raise JX objection or claiming improper service while failing to move for summary judgment MOTION to dismiss that fails to raise JX objection motion for SUMMARY judgment on related cause of action (seeking affirmative relief in-state)

Output: Civil Procedure - Consent To Jurisdiction That lawyer SCAMS defendants into consenting to jurisdiction.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: MAILING IN-HAND COURT SUITABLE AGENT DILIGENCe MAILING process to defendant who must then consent to such service IN-HAND personal delivery to the named defendant COURT authorized method of service of process delivered to person of SUITABLE age & discretion at last known address (then mail copy & file) AGENT service due DILIGENCE (nail, mail & file)

Output: Civil Procedure - sufficiency of Service of Process MIC is SAD because he was properly served with process.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DIRECTOR OFFICER GENERAL Agent (e.g. cashier) MANAGEMENT AGENT authorized by corporation, whether expressly, impliedly or by estoppel

Output: Civil Procedure - Service on Corporations DOGMA dictates who to serve process on a corporation.

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: 1 year to file motion REASONABLE EXCUSE for default AFFIDAVIT of MERIT setting forth meritorious defense to plaintiff's claim that shows how plaintiff won't be unreasonably prejudiced by re-opening the case

Output: Civil Procedure - Motion To Vacate Default Judgement It takes 1 REAM of paper to get a default judgment vacated.

Bar Exam Mnemonics and Acrostics - MBE and MEE Flashcards - Cram.com

Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: AGENT PRINCIPAL OWNER of property PARTNER EMPLOYEE

Output: Civil Procedure - Joinder of Parties on the basis of Vicarious Liability A POPE is held liable for the acts of others.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: WRITTEN AMENDMENT SOLDIER/SAILOR LENGTHEN OBTAINING PAYMENT EQUITABLE DISABILITY/DEATH WRITTEN acknowledgment by defendant of a time-barred valid debt AMENDMENT of pleading to add a time-barred claim SOLDIER and SAILOR relief act parties agree to LENGTHEN the timeframe OBTAINING personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state defendant who would not consent to service of process partial PAYMENT by defendant of a time-barred valid debt EQUITABLE estoppel DISABILITY or DEATH of plaintiff

Output: Civil Procedure - claims not barred by tolling under Statute of Limitations The claim WAS time-barred but plaintiff LOPED into court anyway.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: SoF INFANCY/INCOMPETENCY DISCHARGED ESTOPPEL BARRED ARBITRATION RELEASE PAYMENT FAILURE to state a claim STATUTE of Frauds INFANCY or incompetency subject matter of claim DISCHARGED in bankruptcy proceeding ESTOPPEL (collateral estoppel or res judicata) claim BARRED by statute of limitations ARBITRATION and award RELEASE from claim by plaintiff PAYMENT by defendant FAILURE to state a claim upon which relief can be granted

Output: Civil Procedure - reasons to grant Motion to Dismiss In SIDEBAR, Plaintiff Finally admitted the claim should be dismissed.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: LIAR - the four provisional remedies LIE - reasons to grant preliminary injunction COP - procedural requirements FIND CJ - extraordinary circumstances needed to get order of attachment SLOB - lis pendens requirements LIAR: LIS pendens preliminary INJUNCTION order of ATTACHMENT appointment of RECEIVER (harsh, requires bond) LIE: LIKELIHOOD of plaintiff's success IRREPARABLE injury ($ does not suffice) EQUITABLE balance of hardships COP: CLEAR & CONVINCING evidence of extraordinary circumstances and that plaintiff will succeed ORDER must be entered to be enforceable POST-seizure hearing required immediately afterwards if order was entered ex-parte FIND CJ: FOREIGN corporation INTENT to defraud creditors or frustrate enforcement of judgment NON-DOMICILIARY defendant DILIGENT efforts are not enough to serve domiciliary or resident CRIME victims are entitled to order of attachment when suing felon (Son of Sam law) cause of action is based upon default JUDGMENT from another jurisdiction that is entitled to full faith & credit SLOB: SHERIFF is not involved LIKELIHOOD of plaintiff's success not considered by court ORDER by court not required BOND does not need to be posted

Output: Civil Procedure - Provisional Remedies When a LIAR tells a LIE, the COP will FIND CJ because he's a SLOB.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: WORKER'S HAZARDOUS INTENTIONAL PROPERTY AUTOMOBILE RECKLESS OVER 50% DEATH WORKER'S compensation claims where employer is impleaded by defendant release of HAZARDOUS substance that results in harm to plaintiff INTENTIONAL tortfeasors remain 100% liable PROPERTY damage injuries caused by use, ownership or operation of AUTOMOBILE RECKLESS (grossly negligent) conduct causing injury OVER 50% responsible for plaintiff's injury wrongful DEATH judgments involving economic injuries

Output: Civil Procedure - considerations of court in assigning Joint & Several Liability The judge uses WHIP And ROD to assign joint & several liability.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: TLC - types of action that determine venue WASP MEN - claims involving property rights generally must be filed locally TLC: TRANSITORY action LOCAL action action to recover CHATTEL (replevin) WASP MEN: action for tort of WASTE ACTION involving leasehold SPECIFIC performance sought in real estate contract PARTITION of concurrent estates MORTGAGE foreclosure EJECTMENT action NUISANCE action

Output: Civil Procedure - Venue Venue is chosen with TLC, but if WASP MEN are on your land, you have to file locally.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: MENTAL ADMISSIONS INTERROGATORIES DEPOSITIONS PHYSICAL ADDRESSES INSPECTION DISCOVERY not held MENTAL exam request for ADMISSIONS written INTERROGATORIES DEPOSITIONS (aka "examination before trial") PHYSICAL exam demand for ADDRESSES INSPECTION of evidence DISCOVERY request for relevant evidence held by opposing party

Output: Civil Procedure - Discovery Devices the MAID must get PAID to discover evidence

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: BROAD AMBIGUOUS COMPOUND ARGUMENTATIVE LEADING ASSUMING REDUNDANT MISQUOTE overly BROAD question AMBIGUOUS question COMPOUND question ARGUMENTATIVE badgering of witness LEADING question on direct exam ASSUMING fact not in evidence as part of question REDUNDANT question requiring cumulative response MISQUOTING prior statement by witness

Output: Civil Procedure - Objections To Method of Inquisition Poorly phrased questions set off the BAC door ALARM.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: JUDGMENT DISMISSAL RESOLUTION IMPOSITION PRECLUSION STRIKE order default JUDGMENT against defendant DISMISS action in favor of defendant force non-disclosing party to RESOLVE the issue causing non-disclosure IMPOSE attorney fees, costs of suit and fines PRECLUDE non-disclosing party from introducing related evidence STRIKE non-disclosing party's pleadings related to issues of non-discovery

Output: Civil Procedure - Sanctions during Discovery This Judge DRIPS hot wax as a sanction for misbehavior.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: BIAS LACKED ARTICLES MISCONDUCT EXCEEDED DEMAND BIAS of arbitrator award LACKED rational basis procedure violated ARTICLES of governing statute MISCONDUCT, fraud or corruption arbitrator EXCEEDED scope of authority or issued opinion contrary to public policy DEMAND OF ARBITRATION was not properly served so losing party did not get to participate

Output: Civil Procedure Reasons Why An Arbitration Award May Be Vacated The arbitrator was BLAMED so his judgment was vacated.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: WOSSUP - elements that make an instrument negotiable WE FUC - an HDC takes instrument free of all claims and personal defenses DAFFIDILS - an HDC takes instrument subject to real defenses WOSSUP: in WRITING (statute of frauds) payable to ORDER of or to bearer (negotiable words) SIGNED by the maker or drawer SUM is certain (principal only - amount of interest flexible) UNCONDITIONAL promise with no other promises attached PAYABLE on demand or at a definite time PAYABLE in sovereign currency only WE FUC: WAIVER ESTOPPEL FRAUD in inducement (impostor) UNCONSCIONABILITY CONSIDERATION lacking (for the note) DAFFIDILS: DURESS - threat of violence (not economic duress) material ALTERATION of instrument FORGERY Fraud in the FACTUM (signor did not know it was a negotiable instrument) ILLEGALITY DISCHARGE in bankruptcy of maker or drawer INFANCY of maker or drawer LACK of mental capacity STATUTE of limitations has expired on the debt

Output: Commercial Paper Elements of Negotiability Rights of Holder in Due Course WOSSUPP! if WE FUC, you'll get DAFFIDILS.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: STANDING MOOTNESS ABSTENTION for independent state grounds Case in CONTROVERSY RIPENESS ADVISORY opinion POLITICAL questions (republican form of government) ELEVENTH Amendment

Output: Constitutional Law - Limitations on Judicial Power a federal judge cannot SMAC or RAPE.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: INSOLVENCY (Bankruptcy) - shared with states SPENDING (for general welfare) WAR declaration - raise/support military, legislate wartime economic/social conditions AFFAIRS related to Foreign commerce PROPERTY - rules & regulations on federal lands, including police power in DC COMMERCE - interstate ALIENS, naturalization, citizenship POSTAL Service (limited by 1st & 4th Am.) INVESTIGATION of facts related to subjects over which Congress may legislate TAXING to Raise Revenue (general welfare) ADMIRALTY - navigable waterways LEGISLATE!!! (rather than execute or adjudicate the law) (for) DELEGATION of legislative authority (Chadha limitation on Pres veto power & bicameral structure) ELECTIONS FINANCE - necessary/proper to coin $; create banks, fed reserve, credit system set INFERIOR federal court jurisdictional limits CIVIL rights enforcement (13th, 14th, 15th Am.) INTELLECTUAL Property - patent & copyright TREATY ratification

Output: Constitutional Law - Limitations on Legislative Power As your congressman, I SWAP CAPITAL for DEFICIT.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: PARDON FOREIGN COMMANDER APPOINTMENT VETO EXECUTIVE ADVISE TREATY PARDON convicted federal criminals FOREIGN Affairs COMMANDER in chief of the armed forces APPOINTMENT of ambassadors, federal judges and superior officers VETO power over acts of congress EXECUTIVE agreements and privileges ADVISE congress on state of the union in special session TREATY power

Output: Constitutional Law - Presidential Power The president can eat at PF chang's with one CAVEAT.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: SUBSTANTIVE DP PROCEDURAL DP EPC CIVIL rights IMMUNITIES FIRST AMENDMENT IRREBUTTABLE presumptions CONTRACTS retroactive LEGISLATION ECONOMIC taking Substantive due process Procedural due process Equal protection Civil rights Immunities granted to all citizens with regard to livelihood, employment, transfer of property, federally protected interests First amendment Irrebuttable presumptions of fact regarding constitutionally protected rights Contracts clause Legislation that is retroactive Economic taking w/o just compensation

Output: Constitutional Law Limits to Exercise of Power by Government You must SPECIFICLE state how the government violated your constitutional rights.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: STAR VP - six fundamental freedoms CAMPER - privacy rights STAR VP: freedom of SPEECH right to TRAVEL freedom of ASSOCIATION freedom of RELIGION right to VOTE right to PRIVACY CAMPER: Contraception Abortion ("undue influence" branches w/intermediate scrutiny) Marriage (including dissolution) Procreation Education of children outside public schools Related persons' right to live together

Output: Constitutional Law Due process - Fundamental Liberties Courts strictly scrutinize government action involving a STAR VP CAMPER.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: Safety Health Economic Social Welfare Aesthetic Moral ends Political

Output: Constitutional Law - Takings Valid Public Purpose 5th Am. - Fed / 14th Am. - State/Local SHE validly took the SWAMP by eminent domain.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: RACE - purposeful discrimination required (facially or as applied) ALIENAGE - state/local action only (except regulation of participation in government, e.g. teachers, police, jury duty subject to rational basis test); fed action gets rational basis test) NATIONAL origin

Output: Constitutional Law - Equal Protection Strict Scrutiny Suspect Classes The government RAN out of class when the judge strictly scrutinized its behavior.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: PERVASIVENESS UNIFORMITY of federal regulatory scheme SIMILARITY between laws not HISTORICALLY left to State

Output: Constitutional Law - Preemption by Federal Law Federal law can PUSH around state law.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: NONDISCRIMINATORY SUBSTANTIAL nexus APPORTIONED RELATEDNESS SUBSTANTIAL nexus between state interest and burden on non-resident NONDISCRIMINATORY intent, construction and application APPORTIONED between residents and non-residents that reflects fundamental fairness RELATED to State services or resources

Output: Constitutional Law - Dormant Commerce Clause (limitation on state action) Nonresident Statutes Are Rude.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: Miller v. California LAPTOP LACKS literary, artistic, political or scientific value AVERAGE person, applying contemporary community standards appeals to the PRURIENT interest in sex TAKEN as a whole patently OFFENSIVE depiction of sexual conduct POSSESSION of obscenity in privacy of home OK but child pornography can be entirely prohibited

Output: Constitutional Law - Obscenity The porn on Miller's LAPTOP is not obscene in the privacy of his home unless it includes kiddie porn.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: UNITED STATES government CORPORATIONS RESIDENTS of the state whose law is being challenged ALIENS PARTNERSHIPS

Output: Constitutional Law Unavailability of Privileges & Immunities claims if U don't give a CRAP, you can't claim privileges & immunities.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: SHELLEY V. KRAMER PUBLIC functions LICENSING ENCOURAGMENT AID SHELLEY v. Kramer - "The 14th Amendment erects no shield against merely private conduct, however discriminatory or wrongful." PUBLIC functions - cities, counties, state institutions, officials acting in official capacity LICENSING - granting monopolies and heavy regulation is NOT state action ENCOURAGEMENT (or facilitation or authorization) of discrimination by citizens AID - excessive state financial entanglement

Output: Constitutional Law - Limitation on State Action (14th & 15th Am.) the State's PLEA fell on deaf ears

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: PURPOSE. Law or conduct must have a primarily secular purpose EFFECT. Primary or inevitable effect of law or conduct must neither advance nor inhibit nor endorse religion. ENTANGLEMENT. Law or conduct can't foster excessive governmental administration or entanglement with religion

Output: Constitutional Law - Establishment Clause Violations Church and state can't PEE in the same urinal.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: Formation Defenses to contract formation Performance Discharge of duty to perform Breach - effects material - recover foreseeable damages or rescind/mitigate; minor - perform & recover damages for immaterial breach Third Party Beneficiaries, Assignment & Delegation Remedies for breach

Output: Contracts - Subject Acrostic covers Common Law & UCC Sales Forty Drunk Pirates Drank Beer Then Ran

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: Q-TIPS Quantity Time of performance Identification of parties Price Subject matter

Output: Contracts - Common Law Essential Contract Terms

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: ONE year REAL estate GOODS >$500 ADMINISTRATOR SURETY MARRIAGe One year or longer Real estate Goods over $500 or intangibles over $5000 Administrator / executor of estate promising to cover costs Surety agreements (guarantees on behalf of another, unless purpose is self-serving) Marriage agreements (prenupitals)

Output: Contracts - Applicability of Statute of Frauds a fake ORGASM violates the statute of frauds

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: SPECIALLY Mfg WAIVER ADMISSION MERCHANT MEMO PARTIAL performance SPECIALLY manufactured goods (production must have begun) WAIVER judicial ADMISSION that contract is valid MERCHANT memo - UCC. Add'l terms are part of deal unless acceptance materially alters terms of offer objected to in writing within 10 days from receipt offer expressly restricted acceptance on terms PART performance goods already delivered payment already received/accepted

Output: Contracts Exceptions to Statute of Frauds No writing necessary if the deal is made in a SWAMP.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: TERMS ACCEPTANCE CONSIDERATION OFFER definite TERMS, express or implied ACCEPTANCE of terms CONSIDERATION - bargained for legal detriment and/or benefit flowing OFFER inviting acceptance

Output: Contracts - Elements of Legal Relationship a TACO has all the ingredients to make a contract.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: INCAPACITY DEATH LAPSE EXPRESS rejection COUNTEROFFER ILLEGALITY DESTRUCTION EFFECTIVE mailbox REVOCATION Incapacity of offeror Death of offeror Lapse of time Express or implied rejection Counteroffer Intervening illegality Destruction of contract’s subject matter Effective termination under mailbox rule Revocation communicated to offeror before acceptance effective

Output: Contracts - Termination of Offer Don't offer IDLE CIDER that's expired.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DESTRUCTION of subject matter of option INTERVENING illegality EXPIRATION of stated option time

Output: Contracts - Termination of Options three ways options can DIE

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: IF (I) C SCUM = equity of rescission ILLEGALITY FRAUD - in inducement or execution (I) love contracts COERCION - lack of consent or duress STATUTE of frauds CAPACITY - minors, mental UNCONSCIONABLE k - gross disparity, against public policy MISTAKE - generally only allowed with mutually grave error while contract is still executory

Output: Contracts - Defenses to Formation IF (I) C SCUM, this contract never happened.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DECAF I - elements of parol evidence rule FOAM LID - parol evidence that will serve as a defense to formation reveal DEFENSE to contract formation EXISTENCE of a condition CONTRADICTS, varies or adds to integrated writing clarify ADDITIONAL terms (UCC) FINAL writing intended but not accomplished INTRODUCE consistent collateral subordinate agreement that would not normally be included in an integrated writing FRAUD ORAL condition precedent AMBIGUITY MISTAKE LACK of consideration ILLEGALITY DURESS

Output: Contracts - Parol Evidence Rule DECAF Includes parol evidence but a FOAM LID keeps the contract from forming.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: IMPRACTICABILITY FRUSTRATION of purpose ACCORD and satisfaction NOVATION IMPOSSIBILITY MODIFICATION RESCISSION (mutual) OCCURRENCE of condition subsequent DEFENSE to formation

Output: Contracts - Discharge of Duty to Perform IF A NIMROD is discharged of his duty to perform, so are you.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: WIVES PAD these conditions excuse performance Waiver (knowingly accepted defective performance) Impossibility (objective - nobody could perform) Voluntary disablement (implied repudiation) Estoppel (other party says don't perform) Subsequent agreement of parties (mutual rescission, modification, novation, substitution) Prevention of performance (intentional or negligent hindrance) Anticipatory repudiation (present, absolute, unequivocal renunciation of obligation) Divisibility of contract duties

Output: Contracts Excuse of Conditions & Discharge of Duty to Perform WIVES PAD their pockets with excuses to get out of contracts.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: CONTRACT implied in FACT or at LAW UNJUST enrichment if defendant allowed to keep benefit without legal detriment REASONABLE expectation of being compensated BENEFIT conferred upon defendant by express request or implied permission

Output: Contracts - Formation by Quasi-Contract I painted your CURB so you owe me.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: WARRANTY ARBITRATION RISK of loss PAYMENT SHORTENING SoL JURISDICTION LIABILITY waiver WARRANTY negation such as merchantability or fitness ARBITRATION requirement added (unless customary practice in trade) RISK of loss shifted, adjusted or altered PAYMENT terms and amount changed SHORTENING Statute of Limitations to sue for non-conforming goods JURISDICTION clause bestowing or changing laws covering K LIABILITY waiver or limitation (in tort or contract)

Output: Contracts - UCC Article 2 Material Alteration of Offer A merchant that WARPS my offer with his reply memo makes me Just Livid.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: INSPECTION CREDIT INSURANCE TENDER EXCHANGE UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE INSPECTION. Buyer usually has a right to inspect tendered goods before acceptance. CREDIT. Seller is not obligated to extend credit to buyer. INSURANCE. Risk of loss falls on party in best position to bear loss (usually the one who protected goods by insuring them). TENDER of delivery is implied at Seller's place of business. EXCHANGE of performance is usually concurrent. UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE

Output: Contracts - UCC Article 2 Implied Terms in Sales Contracts I CITE the UCC to prove implied terms.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: KEEP deposit LOST profit ASSURANCES PRICE STOP goods EXERCISE reclamation RESELL KEEP deposit if under $500 sue for LOST profit (if "unlimited supply" available) demand ASSURANCES if insolvency/incapability is evident sue for entire contract PRICE STOP goods in transit. EXERCISE right to reclaim goods delivered to insolvent buyer RESELL goods to another buyer

Output: Contracts - UCC Article 2 Seller's Remedies for Buyer's Breach When the buyer is a K LAPSER, seller has remedies.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: CANCEL REVOKE SECURITY WITHHOLD $ ACCEPT & recover $ INADEQUATE = demand TENDER & claim CANCEL the contract, purchase from another, recover damages. REVOKE contract if substantial breach where acceptance induced by reasonable expectation of prompt cure or latent (undetectable) defect withhold non-conforming goods as SECURITY for damages. WITHHOLD amount equal to damages (notice to seller required) ACCEPT non-conforming goods at k price, recover consequential & incidental damages if money damages are INADEQUATE, buyer can demand goods. TENDER balance due & claim goods if buyer has partially paid

Output: Contracts - UCC Article 2 Buyers Remedies for Seller's Breach a buyer Can Revoke Security or WAIT when seller breaches.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: FITNESS TITLE ENCUMBRANCES AFFIRMATIONS MERCHANTABILITY EXPRESS warranties as DESCRIBED FITNESS for a particular purpose seller's warranty of TITLE EXPRESS warranties written into contract AFFIRMATION of fact or promise made by seller relating to goods (written or oral) MERCHANTABILITY warranty against ENCUMBRANCES DESCRIPTION of goods in advertisement, brochure or catalog

Output: Contracts - UCC Article 2 Warranties warranties are Fully TEAMED with goods sold.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: Government Running SoL Absence Misuse Preemption Assumption GOVERNMENT military & surplus contracts RUNNING of statute of limitations ABSENCE of privity of contract unforeseen MISUSE of a product federal PREEMPTION ASSUMPTION of risk

Output: Contracts - UCC Article 2 Defenses to Breach of Warranty GRAMPA can't be liable for breach of warranty.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: TEN sh WORKER's comp ILLEGALITY SALES/corp tax unpaid TORTIOUS acts TEN largest shareholders of private company are personally liable for unpaid wages/benefits WORKER's compensation insurance must be obtained. If not, officers are criminally, strictly liable to injured employee. ILLEGAL conduct by shareholders. SALES or corporate income tax not paid renders directors & officers (D&O) responsible to taxing authority. TORTIOUS conduct of D&O, employees and shareholders cannot use corporate veil to hide from personal liability.

Output: Corporations - Piercing The Corporate Veil TWIST the knife to pierce the corporate veil.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: AUTHORIZED shares PURPOSE AGENT authorized to receive service of process INCORPORATORS NAME and address of corporation

Output: Corporations - Contents of Articles of Incorporation. It's A PAIN to write the articles of incorporation.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: PREEMPTIVE rights VALUE of par TRANSFER restrictions MAJORITY CUMULATIVE voting LESS than maj to dissolve sh AGREEMENTS at WILL PREEMPTIVE rights VALUE of par shares (if to be fixed by shareholders rather than directors) stock TRANSFER restrictions MAXI-MAJORITY, super-majority, quorum voting requirements CUMULATIVE voting rights when electing directors whether LESS than majority of shares can vote to voluntarily dissolve corporation shareholder AGREEMENTS regarding actions authorized without SH meetings, restrictions on D&O powers, or if SH can directly manage company (no BoD) corporate dissolution at WILL or upon specific event

Output: Corporations - Contents of Certificate of Incorporation the corporation's certificate of incorporation lists PVT MCLAW

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: AMENDMENT DISSOLUTION ASSET MERGER NAME SURETY AGENT LOCATION ABOLISHING liability DIRECTOR loans AMENDMENT of certificate of incorporation that changes quorum, maxi/super majority, preemptive or cumulative voting rights, and/or corporate purpose DISSOLUTION (voluntary) ASSET sale, lease or exchange (>75% of assets) MERGER or consolidation NAME change SURETY interests in debt not acquired for corporate purposes change of AGENT for service of process change of LOCATION of corporate office ABOLISHING or limiting directors’ liability for negligence DIRECTOR loans

Output: Corporations Actions Requiring Shareholder Approval Shareholders deserve A DAMN SALAD if the corporation makes a big change.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: PREEMPTIVE ASSET MERGER CUMULATIVE PREEMPTIVE, redemptive or other share of ownership rights affected ASSET sale, lease or exchange (>75% of corp assets) MERGER or consolidation into another entity CUMULATIVE voting rights affected

Output: Corporations - Appraisal Rights of Shareholders if PAM C dissents, she gets appraisal rights.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: ASSET INVESTMENT MARKET net ASSET value - where company holds substantial tangible assets (e.g. real estate investment holding co's, retail and wholesale co's) INVESTMENT value - earning power of corporate stock MARKET value of stock (court considers arms-length similar sales in same community or marketplace)

Output: Corporations - Appraisal Right Valuation The court will AIM for fair value in determining appraisal rights.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: SUED - types of conflict of interest FOLD - usurpation of corporate opportunity tests FLARE - defenses to usurping corporate opportunity SELF-dealing USURPATION EXECUTIVE compensation unreasonable DIRECT conflict of interest FITNESS & fairness of transaction OPPORTUNITY was available to corporation LINE of business was same as corporation's DISCLOSURE was not proper FINANCIAL incapacity of corporation to enter K LEGAL incapacity of corporation to enter K ABANDONED (purposeful failure to deal) REJECTED (purposefully declining to transact) EXPLICIT approval by uninterested BoD or SH

Output: Corporations - Duties of Directors & Officers Directors & Officers who get SUED For being OLD can fire a FLARE.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: REDEMPTION INTENTIONAL misconduct BAD faith ASSETS before creditors improper LOAN DIVIDEND unjust GAIN REDEMPTION of shares when not permitted (no surplus) INTENTIONAL misconduct or knowing violation of law BAD faith conduct ASSETS distributed to shareholders before paying creditors LOAN granted improperly to fellow director without dissent declaration of improper DIVIDEND (no surplus) GAINS personally derived due to misconduct

Output: Corporations - Actions of Directors that cannot be indemnified Directors can't be indemnified for RIBALD Gains.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: STOCK INCENTIVES TREASURY AUTHORIZED w/in 2 yrs MERGER PURCHASE w/o cash STOCK incentives used to retain and attract corporate talent TREASURY stock AUTHORIZED in certificate of incorporation and sold within 1st 2 years (no preemptive rights for 2 years) MERGER or consolidation caused shares to be created PURCHASE of shares occurred without cash

Output: Corporations - Shares With No Preemptive Rights If your shares have a STAMP, you don't have preemptive rights.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: if PLEDGED not ENTITLED AGREEMENT by sh CREDITOR EMPLOYEE w/proxy PLEDGED shares (for loan) ENTITLEMENT to vote is not vested on record date (bought/sold too early/late) AGREEMENT executed for specified period between shareholders CREDITOR holding shares as collateral for extending credit EMPLOYEE owned shares issued with specified proxy requirements

Output: Corporations - Irrevocable Proxy Voting Rights You can't revoke a proxy for PEACE.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: MATERIAL fact INTERSTATE DAMAGES STANDING TIPPER/TIPPEE SCIENTER TARGETED sh OMISSION RELIANCE MISSTATEMENT MATERIAL fact – is the information important? INSTRUMENTALITY of interstate commerce used in connection with transaction (mail) DAMAGES – civil, regulatory, criminal Civil: expectation damages or rescission Regulatory: SEC can impose treble damages (triple profits) and order injunction Criminal: Federal DOJ can impose criminal fines and imprisonment STANDING – purchaser/seller who purchased/sold stock in connection with alleged fraud TIP liability – inside tip given for improper purpose where tipper breached duty and tippee knew of the breach SCIENTER – defendant had actual knowledge of material misrepresentation regarding material information TARGETED persons who are already shareholders have standing to sue even if they didn’t buy/sell shares in conjunction with 10b-5 violation OMISSION or failure to disclose material fact by fiduciary will be treated similarly by the court as material misrepresentation RELIANCE on misrepresentation resulted in purchase or sale (exception: non-disclosure cases do not require reliance) MISSTATEMENT of material fact will be treated similarly by the court as material misrepresentation

Output: Corporations - Elements of 10b-5 Stock Transfer Liability In the MIDST of the STORM, it feels like a category 10b-5.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: BANNED loans ATTORNEY liability DISCLOSE ethics req. TRADING limits INDEPENDENT auditing CERTIFICATION of internal controls SARBANES OXley BAN on loans to offficers/directors of large public companies ATTORNEY liability attaches if aware of illegal transactions DISCLOSURE of ethics requirements must be made to all persons with authority to transact TRADING limitations cannot be exceeded or circumvented INDEPENDENT directors or firms must be appointed to audit records in question CERTIFICATION of internal controls required, with CEO & BoD on the hook for failure to comply. Sarbanes-OXley

Output: Corporations - Liability Under Sarbanes-Oxley Get the BAD TIC out of your SOx.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: ILLEGAL conduct DIVERSION of corporate assets to directors/officers WASTE (including that which results from deadlock) OPPRESSION of minority shareholders LOOTING FRAUD

Output: Corporations Valid Reasons For Judicial or Voluntary Dissolution To dissolve a corporation, just I.D. the WOLF in the boardroom.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: false PRETENSES Forgery Larceny Attempt Murder, first degree Embezzlement Conspiracy Robbery Assault Battery (aggravated) Solicitation

Output: Criminal Law - Crimes Requiring Specific Intent It's a specific intent crime to Purposely FLAME CRABS.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: Murder in the commission of a dangerous, statutorily enumerated felony Arson Rape Kidnapping False imprisonment Involuntary manslaughter Battery

Output: Criminal Law - Crimes Requiring General Intent It's a general intent crime for MARK to FIB.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: defense of PROPERTY AGE (7 to 13 = rebuttable presumption that child doesn't understand) prevention of CRIME constituting breach of peace (non-deadly) or risking human life (deadly) ENTRAPMENT DURESS (mitigates murder to manslaughter) DRUNKENNESS OTHER party consented to act MISTAKE of fact INSANITY NECESSITY - avoid a greater evil defense of OTHERS SELF-DEFENSE

Output: Criminal Law - Defenses Available the prosecutor PACED as his charges against defendant fell like DOMINOS

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: STATUTORY duty (filing taxes) CONTRACT (nurse, lifeguard) RELATIONSHIP (parent, spouse) ASSUMPTION of duty voluntarily (rescuer liability) PERIL (caused risk of harm)

Output: Criminal Law - When Omission To Act Is A Crime You can't just watch them SCRAP when you've got a legal duty to break it up.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: no reason to BELIEVE co-felon was armed or intended to engage in conduct likely to result in death UNARMED; and didn't COMMIT, command or request homicide;

Output: Criminal Law - Defense To Felony Murder the BUC stops at the co-felon

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: STATUTORY CONTRIBUTING ABNORMALLY BIGAMY STATUTORY rape CONTRIBUTING to the delinquency of a minor ABNORMALLY dangerous activities BIGAMY

Output: Criminal Law - Strict Liability Crimes If you pick a SCAB, you're strictly liable as a criminal.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: STOP (articulable, reasonable suspicion) & frisk (armed & dangerous) of outer clothing HOT pursuit AUTOMOBILE PLAIN view EVANESCENT evidence (up) WIRETAP w/ one party’s consent INCIDENT to lawful arrest SCHOOL property EXIGENT circumstances ADMINISTRATIVE searches (e.g. Border, Airport) CONSENT to search expressly granted ROUTINE, non-discriminatory checkpoint stops EAVESDROPPING on conversation with no reasonable expectation of privacy

Output: Criminal Procedure Exceptions to Search Warrant Requirement SHAPE up WISEACRE or I'll search you without a warrant.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: USE for impeachment independent SOURCE ATTENUATED chain of causation between tainted evidence and illegal action INTERVENING act of free will inevitable DISCOVERY GOOD faith of police & magistrate in issuing invalid warrant

Output: Criminal Procedure Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule U SAID G was fruit of the poisonous tree but he's not.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: Relevance Extrinsic policies Character evidence Impeachment Privileges (e) HEARSAY

Output: Evidence - Subject Outline Mnemonic Follow RECIP(e) H to decide if the evidence is admissible.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: UNDUE delay MISLEAD the jury PREJUDICIAL effect on jury confusion of ISSUES NEEDLESS presentation of cumulative evidence

Output: Evidence - Rule 403 Exclusion of Relevant Evidence the UMP doesn't have to let the evidence IN

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: INSURANCE proving fault PRIVILEGED communication OFFERS of compromise REMEDIAL measures NEGOTIATION during plea INSURANCE introduced to prove fault or deep pockets PRIVILEGED evidence OFFERS of compromise or settlement (except in conjunction with offer to pay medical expenses) subsequent REMEDIAL repairs NEGOTIATED admissions made by criminal defendant during unsuccessful plea bargaining

Output: Evidence - Inadmissible Relevant Evidence I like PORN but it's still inadmissible.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: OFFICIAL INSTRUMENTS LABEL CERTIFIED ACKNOWLEDGED NEWSPAPERS SEALED OFFICIAL publications issued by public authority INSTRUMENTS - negotiable and commercial paper LABEL, tag or trademark affixed on item in regular course of business CERTIFIED public documents (by clerk of agency or court that had custody) ACKNOWLEDGED documents signed before notary, swore to truth, content and execution (except wills) NEWSPAPERS and periodicals with reasonably wide circulation SEALED documents (government certified)

Output: Evidence - Self-Authenticating Documents OIL CANS are self-authenticating.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: 1. prior recorded recollection 2. prior out of court identification 3. prior consistent statement 4. prior inconsistent statement given under oath and subject to perjury

Output: Evidence - Non-Hearsay Requiring Testimony The "4 Priors" aren't hearsay provided the declarant testifies.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: STATE of mind ADMISSION by party opponent NONASSERTIVE conduct EFFECT on listener

Output: Evidence - Non-Hearsay Regardless of Testimony SANE evidence is not hearsay so it's admissible.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: CHILD custody cases WRONGFUL death ENTRAPMENT negligent ENTRUSTMENT DEFAMATION SELF-DEFENSE

Output: Evidence - Introduction of Character Evidence at Civil Trials Character evidence can be introduced in a civil trial after Chopping WEEDS.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: MOTIVE IDENTITY MODUS operandi or preparation of plan INTENT or knowledge, absence of mistake or accident COMMON scheme or plan

Output: Evidence - Introduction of Character Evidence at Criminal Trials MIMIC the criminal before introducing character evidence.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DURING ROUTINE UNTRUSTWORTHY MADE SOURCE written statement made DURING or near time of matter in issue ROUTINE, systematic practice of maintaining/storing this type of record UNTRUSTWORTHY. admissible unless circumstances indicate lack of trustworthiness MADE in ordinary course of business SOURCE of business record has personal knowledge of matter recorded

Output: Evidence - Hearsay Exceptions Admissibility of Business Records Business records feature the sound of DRUMS.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: SUPPORT - must be fair at time of enforcement PROPERTY - must be fair at time of execution IN WRITING - court does not bind on issues involving children ENTERED voluntarily into by both parties with knowing consent DISCLOSURE - full and fair

Output: Family Law - Requirements of Prenuptial Agreements Prenups are enforceable if the spouses SPIED on each other.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: VETERAN's pensions INDEMNITY compensation for service-connected deaths NURSING home and medical care OTHER survivor benefits (i.e. contractual rights, insurance benefits) SOCIAL security pension - supplemental security income

Output: Family Law - Right to Late Spouse's Benefits A widow can drink all the VINOS she wants.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: CONSANGUINITY RECOGNIZED c/l OBTAIN license WITNESSES NO spouse AGE SOLEMNIZED SIGNED CONSANGUINITY - parties cannot be closer kin than second cousins if RECOGNIZED as valid where contracted under common law, then valid in most non CL states OBTAIN license from county auditor (must be used at least 3 days later, expires after 60 days) WITNESSES - two physically present NO other living spouse at time of marriage AGE of majority SOLEMNIZED by officer authorized by state to perform marriage ceremonies SIGNED marriage certificate (witnesses and person solemnizing marriage)

Output: Family Law - Validity Requirements of Marriage To validate his marriage, the groom must CROWN his lovely bride's ASS.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: FRAUD AGE CONSANGUINITY TIMELINESS OUT-OF-STATE void INCAPACITY DURESS RESIDENT ANNULMENT PRIOR MARRIAGE EFFECT on children FRAUD - essentials of marital agreement based on fraud AGE - under 18 without parental or court approval CONSANGUINITY - parties are closer than second cousins TIMELINESS - either party may petition for declaration of invalidity at any time OUT of state marriage was void or voidable in contracting state INCAPACITY - mental, physical, 5-year incurable insanity DURESS - party induced to enter marriage by force neither party was a RESIDENT of the court's state ANNULMENT is the term describing the "symbolic" dissolution of a marriage that "never took place." However, if a marriage is legally declared invalid, the court will enter a Decree of Dissolution. PRIOR marriage undissolved at time of marriage sought to be declared invalid. no EFFECT on legitimacy of children despite declaration of invalidity.

Output: Family Law - Marriage Grounds for Declaration of Invalidity The FACTOID about the Resident APE getting married was declared invalid.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: DESIGNATION of primary residential parent ALLOCATION of decision-making authority RESTRICTIONS on contact, where appropriate TRANSPORTATION arrangements SCHEDULE for residential contact with child

Output: Family Law - Typical Provisions of a Parenting Plan Divorcing parents throw DARTS at a board to decide who gets the kids.

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.


Input: prevent DISPOSAL or concealment of property prevent INTERFERENCE or molestation with peace of opposing party or child prevent REMOVAL of a child from jurisdiction of court prevent ENTRY into family home of either party

Output: Family Law - reasons to grant Temporary Restraining Order a family in DIRE need may request a temporary restraining order

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Agency - Subject Outline Principals CORRAL Their agent's activities.