Input: [incentive pay] gross compensation

Output: payroll costs of all employee benefits and allowances as well as the total of cash compensation as defined above

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] net compensation

Output: used when comparing net (after tax) calculation of compensation

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] historical influences upon Employee Benefits

Output: • 1875 First pension plan established • 1913 Department of Labor formed • 1935 Social Security Established • Union Membership increases • Post WWII wage freezes promote benefit growth • Medicare and Medicaid established (Great Society) • 1974 ERISA, IRS Section 125, HMO Act todays health care debate

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] According to Section 125 of the IRS tax code

Output: a cafeteria plan is a written document which allows employees to convert certain taxable benefits into non-taxable benefits.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] mandatory benefits

Output: social security medicare OASDI workers compensation family and medical leave

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] nonmandatory benefits

Output: health care life insurance retirement/pension plans flexible compensation paid leave

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] social security

Output: provides for the needs of both individuals and their families. This program protects the aged and disabled against expenses that might otherwise exhaust their entire savings. While unemployment provides benefits for those that lose their jobs, workers compensation programs provide benefits to those workers disabled by occupational illness or injury.

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] unemployement insurance

Output:  Generally, employers must pay both state and federal unemployment taxes if:  (1) they pay wages to employees totaling $1,500 or more in any quarter of a calendar year; or  (2) they had at least one employee during any day of a week during 20 weeks in a calendar year, regardless of whether the weeks were consecutive. However, some state laws differ from the federal law  6.2 percent of taxable wages of employees  first $7,000 paid in wages, or $454 per employee per year  Early and timely payments receive an offset credit of up to 5.4 percent  States administer within federal guidelines  States send money to federal government

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] unemployement eligibility

Output: Did not leave job voluntarily  Able and available for work  Actively seeking work  Has not refused suitable work  Not off due to labor dispute  Not fired for gross work violations  Must be employed for the last four or five quarters (base period) prior to becoming unemployed

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] OASDI survivor benefits

Output: • Based on Eligibility Status and Relationship • Deceased was fully insured • Dependent, unmarried children • Widows age 60 and older • Dependent parent age 62 and older

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] OASDI disability benefits

Output: • Worker was fully insured • Meets Social Security work requirements • Varies according to age and disability • Disability must last one year or be terminal • Six-month waiting period

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] medicare part A

Output: • Covers inpatient and outpatient hospital care and services • Provides unlimited in-home care • Participants • Social security beneficiaries • Retirees • Voluntary enrollees • Disabled • Employer and employee financed

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] medicare part B

Output: • Voluntary supplementary medical insurance • $110 deductible, then covers 80% • Financed by government and enrollees • Participants • Part A enrollees • Those on social security • Railroad retirees

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] medigap

Output: • Supplements Parts A and B • Through private insurers • 10 standardized choices • Medicare Select Option • Lower premiums for fewer choices • Not offered in all states

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] medicare part c

Output: • Medicare + Choice, Medicare Advantage • Established through Balanced Budget Act of 1997 • Alternative to Parts A and B • Options: o Fee-for-services o Managed care plans o Medical savings accounts

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] medicare part d

Output:  Medicare Part D • Medicare Prescription Drug Program • Covers 75% after $250 deductible up to $2,250 • Cover 95% after $5,100 out-of-pocket • Employer subsidy for similar plan

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] workers compensation

Output: State compulsory disability laws o Enacted in 1911 o Employer liable regardless of fault o Maritime, federal civilian, domestic agriculture, and small business workers not covered

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] workers comp claims

Output: injury, occupational disease, and death

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] workers comp benefits

Output: medical services disability income death benefits rehabilitation services

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] workers comp objective

Output:  Provide income and medical benefits  Reduce litigation  Relieve charities’ financial drain  Eliminate legal fees and time  Encourage employer safety  Promote accident study and avoidance

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: [incentive pay] family and medical leave

Output: o 12 weeks of unpaid leave for:  Birth, adoption, foster care  Serious family medical problems  Worker’s serious medical problem o Retention of:  Seniority  Health insurance coverage  Credit for previous service  Accrued retirement benefits

Compensation fluctuates according to: A pre-established formula, individual or group goals, and company earnings. *adds to base pay, controls costs, and motivates employees


Input: The air supply outlets of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) into the conditioned space. [Access stairs]

Output: Air diffusers

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The console at the fire command station which provides audible and visual fire and trouble signals. [Access stairs]

Output: Annunciator panel

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A dry chemical extingushing system commonly used to protect commercial cooking equipment. [Access stairs]

Output: Ansul system

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A harmful changing of the chemical life processes of the body tissues due to a deficiency of oxygen. [Access stairs]

Output: Asphyxiation

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An open area within a building, more than three stories. [Access stairs]

Output: Atrium

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A fire stair being used by the Fire Department to gain access to the fire area, where the door between the stairway and fire area is being maintained in an open position. [Access stairs]

Output: Attack stairway

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The valve located between the siamese and the lower check valve which enables that section of piping to be maintained dry. [Access stairs]

Output: Ball drip valve

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Elevators serving the upper areas of a building in a shaft that is not equipped with hoistway doors on the lower floors. [Access stairs]

Output: Blind shaft elevators

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The pumps which supply a gravity or pressure tank in a Hi rise building. [Access stairs]

Output: Booster pumps

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The fire dept. dispatch office of a Boro which receives alarms from various sources and sends out fire companies to respond. [Access stairs]

Output: Boro communications office

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When the fire safety director is not present in a class "E" office building occupied by less than 100 people above or below the street floor or by less than 500 people in the entire building, an employee trained by the fire safety director will man the fire command station and execute the fire safety plan. [Access stairs]

Output: Building evacuation supervisor

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A private alarm company station which receives alarm signals from a location and transmits the alarm to the fire dept. [Access stairs]

Output: Central station

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A document issued by the Fire Dept. given to a person who has met the qualifying requirements to perform a specific function. [Access stairs]

Output: Certificate Of Fitness

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A document issued by the building department stating the approved uses and maximum occupancies of spaces in a building. [Access stairs]

Output: Certificate Of Occupancy

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A valve in a fire protection system which allows the flow of water in one direction only. [Access stairs]

Output: Check valve

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The building code designation for a building which primary use is the transaction of business. [Access stairs]

Output: Class E Building

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The building code designation for a building which primary use is for residential purposes. [Access stairs]

Output: Class J Building

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Liquids which give off flammable vapors at a tremperature over 100 degrees. [Access stairs]

Output: Combustible liquids

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The subdividing of floor areas by fire resistive separations into smaller spaces or compartments. [Access stairs]

Output: Compartmentation

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A building in which the elevators, stairway and building support systems are grouped together in one area of the building. This area could be in the center of the building as in a center core building or on one of the sides of the building as in a side core building. [Access stairs]

Output: Core type Building

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A device to seal off or to control air flow in a HVAC system. [Access stairs]

Output: Damper

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A visual display unit located in the lobby to indicate the status and location of all elevator cars and necessary controls for the operation of the cars. [Access stairs]

Output: Elevator control Panel

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The area where the equipment is located that raises and lowers the elevator car. It can be at the top or bottom of the elevator shaft. In high-rise buildings it is usually at the top of the shaft. [Access stairs]

Output: Elevator machinery Room

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A fire tower or a fire stairs that is remote from the fire area and used for the evacuation of the building occupants. A fire tower is the preferred evacuation stairs. [Access stairs]

Output: Evacuation Stairway

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The percentage of substance (vapor) in air that will burn if it is ignited. Most substances have an upper (too rich) and a lower (too lean) flammable limit. [Access stairs]

Output: Explosive or flammable limits

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A system where the stairway door unlock upon operation of certain automatic fire detecting devices or manually from the fire command station [Access stairs]

Output: Fail Safe system

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Building employees trained by the FSD to assist in evacuation, provide information to the Fire Commmand Station and extinguish incipient fires upon receipt of an alarm. [Access stairs]

Output: Fire Brigade

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A location in the lobby with communication capability to various parts of the building. The fire Command station shall include a console with capability to monitor fire alarm and fire protection systems in the building. [Access stairs]

Output: Fire Command Station

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A rated vertical unit or assembly of materials that seperate one space from another within any story of a building. [Access stairs]

Output: Fire partition

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce vapors sufficient to support combustion once ignited. The fire point is usually a few degrees above the flash point. [Access stairs]

Output: Fire point

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The inspections and maintenance to prevent hazardous conditions from developing [Access stairs]

Output: Fire prevention

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The building systems in place to extinguish a fire or limit it's spread. [Access stairs]

Output: Fire protection

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A professional engineer's plan to show the fire protection systems and features of a building. For example the sprinkler and standpipe systems and the fireproof doorways would be listed. [Access stairs]

Output: Fire protection plan

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The pumps which increase the pressure in a fire protection system [Access stairs]

Output: Fire pumps

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A designated employee holding a certificate of fitness from the Fire Department qualifying him to perform the duties as required. [Access stairs]

Output: Fire safety director

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A fire safety plan for drill and evacuation procedures [Access stairs]

Output: Fire safety plan

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An enclosed stairway connected at each story by an outside balcony or fire proof vestibule vented to the ouside. [Access stairs]

Output: Fire tower

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Employees of a tenant who's duties include providing information to the Fire Command Station and directing evacuation from the floor which they occupy [Access stairs]

Output: Fire wardens

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The treating of a combustible material to make it difficult to ignite, and to restrict the flame from spreading once it ignites [Access stairs]

Output: Flame proofing

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Liquids which give off flammable vapors at a temperature under 100 degrees [Access stairs]

Output: Flammable liquids

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface. At this temperature the ignited vapors will flash but will not continue to burn. [Access stairs]

Output: Flash point

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The insulating and heating of sections of piping on the fire protection systems which are exposed to freezing temperatures. [Access stairs]

Output: Frost proofing

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When a soldered link melts and water flows out of a sprinkler head it is said to have fused. [Access stairs]

Output: Fused

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A device designed to be actuated by an abnormal rise in temperature. [Access stairs]

Output: Fusibl link

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A tank which is elevated to provide water under pressure by way of gravity to a fire suppression system [Access stairs]

Output: Gravity tank

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Seperate stairways which will be found in close proximity to each other [Access stairs]

Output: Group Stairs

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A system of communications in which wiring physically connects both lobby command post and other areas within the building. Viz.: Points of transmission and reception. [Access stairs]

Output: Hard wire communications

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The form of energy that raises temperature. Heat can be measured by the amount of work it does; for example, the amount of heat needed to make a column of mercuty expand inside a thermometer. [Access stairs]

Output: Heat

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system in a building. [Access stairs]

Output: HVAC system

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Subjecting a container or piping to high water pressure to test it's structural integrity. [Access stairs]

Output: Hydrostatic test

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The minimum temperature to which a fuel in air must be heated to start self sustained combustion without a seperate ignition source. [Access stairs]

Output: Ignition temperature

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any device which sends an alarm signal to the fire command station [Access stairs]

Output: Initiating device

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An official Fire Department key. [Access stairs]

Output: Key (1620)

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A standard key used by the elevator industry. [Access stairs]

Output: Key (2642)

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The NYC law that included regulations for hotels. [Access stairs]

Output: Local Law 16 of 1984

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The NYC law that regulated Office buildings [Access stairs]

Output: Local Law 5 of 1973

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The NYC law that set standards for the provisions for handicapped persons. [Access stairs]

Output: Local Law 58 of 1987

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The NYC law that regulated hazardous materials [Access stairs]

Output: Local Law 78

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A system where the lock mechanism is controlled electrically from a remote location. [Access stairs]

Output: Locked door fail safe system

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The mechanical equipment acceptance number given to approved mechanical parts. [Access stairs]

Output: MEA number

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The corridors, stairways and doors which provide exit from a building [Access stairs]

Output: Means of egress

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The area where equipment is located for the heating and air conditioning of the air in a building. [Access stairs]

Output: Mechanical equipment room

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Another term for a central station [Access stairs]

Output: Monitoring station

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An outside stem and yoke valve. This water control valve has an exposed stem when the valve is in the open position [Access stairs]

Output: O.S.&Y. Valve

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The combining of a fuel with oxygen. Rusting and burning are examples of oxidation [Access stairs]

Output: Oxidation

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls. The toxic substance given off when the oil in certain electrical transformers burn. [Access stairs]

Output: PCB's

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An air compartment or chamber to which one or more ducts are connnected and which form a part of an air distribution system. In high-rise buildings the space between the suspended ceiling and the under side of the floor above is used as a plenum for the collection of the return air. [Access stairs]

Output: Plenum

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A water control valve fitted on a standpipe outlet that automatically keeps the pressure from getting too high [Access stairs]

Output: Pressure reducing valve

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A tank used to provide water under pressure by way of forced air pressure to a fire suppression system [Access stairs]

Output: Pressure tank

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Poly Vinyl Chloride. The toxic gasses given off when certain plastics and electrical wiring insulation burns. [Access stairs]

Output: PVC's

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A type of composite floor contruction in which corrugated steel is used to support the concrete floor. [Access stairs]

Output: "Q" decking

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Channels built into a floor or wall for the running of electrical, telephone, and other building wiring. [Access stairs]

Output: Raceways

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Rules of the City of New York [Access stairs]

Output: RCNY

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A stairway with a landing between floors which returns the user to a point on the floor directly above the floor below [Access stairs]

Output: Return stairs

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The standpipe outlets located on the roof, used for fire fighting and testing [Access stairs]

Output: Roof manifold

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The leading edge of an elevator car door which causes the door to reverse its direction when it encounters an obstruction. [Access stairs]

Output: Safety edge

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A manual pull box alarm in a building [Access stairs]

Output: Sending station

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A position established above the fire operations to control and coordinate all operations in that area. [Access stairs]

Output: Search and evacuation post

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The area formed when the floor area of a building is reduced thus requiring the exterior wall of a building to be recessed. [Access stairs]

Output: Set backs

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The part of the fire suppression system that enables the fire dept. to pump water under pressure into the system [Access stairs]

Output: Siamese

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An estimate of the conditions and problems of a fire or emergency situation by the officer in command. [Access stairs]

Output: Size-up

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An elevator terminal point on an upper floor of a building where passengers can change from one bank of elevators to another. [Access stairs]

Output: Sky lobby

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Doors located in hallways designed to stop the spread of smoke [Access stairs]

Output: Smoke barriers

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An area established on a floor below the operations post to provide logistical support to the operations post. [Access stairs]

Output: Staging area

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The process by which fans are activated within a stair enclosure to pressurize it and prevent smoke from entering that stairway [Access stairs]

Output: Stair pressurization

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A device that signals when part of the fire protection system is not working properly (i.e low water level in the gravity tank, low pressure in the pressure tank, etc.) [Access stairs]

Output: Supervisory device

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A fire detecting device which transmits alarm upon a increase in temperature. [Access stairs]

Output: Thermostatic device

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An audible and visual signal received at the fire command staiton from a supervisory device that warns that a part of the fire protection system is not functioning properly. [Access stairs]

Output: Trouble sginal

Fire Safety Director Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where does the heart develop from?

Output: the cardiogenic mesoderm that originally lies above the cranial end of the developing neural tube

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: What causes the heart region to be in its anatomically correct position?

Output: 1. enlargement of the cranial 2. the originally paired cardiac tubes fuse (originally with "ventricular" above "atria") 3. growth of cardiac tube flexes into s-shape tube, rotating the ventricles downward and pushing atria upward

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: What is the area where cardiac progenitor cells localize within the cranial lateral plate mesoderm on both sides of the embryo?

Output: cardiac crescent

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: What is a complex process which converts this simple tube into a four chambered heart?

Output: septation

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: What is a key part of the septation process?

Output: the separation of cardiac outflow (truncus arteriosus) into a separate pulmonary and aortic arch outflow

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: T/F. During embryonic development there is little remodeling that has to take place.

Output: False; there is extensive remodeling of the initially right and left symmetrical cardio system and a contribution from the neural crest to some vessels

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: What is the first functioning organ in humans?

Output: heart

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: What does the embryonic appear like?

Output: a single heart tube

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: what does the embryonic single heart tube contain?

Output: contractile myocardium surrounding an inner endocardial (endothelial) tube

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: T/F the heart is symmetric

Output: False, the heart is asymmetric

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: When does much of the cardiac development?

Output: while the heart is pumping blood

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: When does the heart begin beating rhythmically?

Output: day 22

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: When does blood begin pumping?

Output: day 24-25

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: Why does much cardiac development (remodeling and septation) need to take place?

Output: to provide nutrients, oxygen and waste disposal during embryonic development

Embryology Exam 2: Heart Flashcards - Cram.com

the complexity of septation, cardiac outflow separation, remodeling of the peripheral vasculature, and pre- to post- natal changes


Input: [Management Process] Strategic (management) planning

Output: : the managerial process of developing and maintaining a match between an organization’s resources and its market opportunities


Input: [Management Process] Marketing strategy

Output: specifies a target market and a related marketing mix. It is a big picture of what a firm will do in some market


Input: [Management Process] Marketing Mix

Output: the controllable variables the company puts together to satisfy this target group.


Input: [Management Process] Four P's of a marketing mix

Output: Product Place Promotion Price


Input: [Management Process] Breakthrough opportunity

Output: opportunities that help innovators develop hard-to-copy marketing strategies that will be very profitable for a long time. Competitive advantage is needed


Input: [Management Process] S.W.O.T. analysis

Output: identifies and lists the firm’s strengths and weaknesses and its opportunities and threats. Strengths weaknesses opportunities threats.


Input: [Management Process] Market penetration

Output: trying to increase sales of a firm’s present products in its present markets—probably through a more aggressive marketing mix.


Input: [Management Process] Market development

Output: : trying to increase sales by selling present products in new markets.


Input: [Management Process] Nicole Miller Fashion company

Output: Wanted to show off her line- so they opened a boutique.


Input: [Management Process] Pure subsistence economy

Output: when each family unit produces everything it consumes – there is no need to exchange goods and services and no marketing is involved. A marketing exchange is often part of an ongoing relationship, not just a single transaction.


Input: [Management Process] Macro Marketing

Output: is a social process that directs an economy’s flow of goods and services from producers to consumers in a way that effectively matches the supply and demand and accomplishes the objectives of society. Emphasis on how the whole marketing system works.


Input: [Management Process] Economies of Scale

Output: as a company produces larger numbers of a particular product, the cost of each unit of the product goes down


Input: [Management Process] Intermediary

Output: someone who specializes in trade rather than production. Benefits both producers and consumers. New specialists develop to fill market needs.


Input: [Management Process] COMMAND ECONOMY

Output: where government officials decide what and how much is to be produced and distributed by whom, when, to whom, and why. Producers have little choice about what goods and services to produce


Input: [Management Process] MARKET DIRECTED ECONOMY

Output: the individual decisions of the many consumers and producers make the macro-level decisions for the whole economy Market directed economies offer freedom of choice


Input: [Management Process] Five Stages of marketing Evolution

Output: (1) The Simple Trade Era- a time when families traded or sold their “surplus” output to local distributors. (2) The Production Era- a time when a company focuses on production of a few specific products- perhaps because few of these products are available in the market. (3) The Sales Era- a time when a company emphasizes selling because of increased competition. (4) Marketing Department Era- a time when all marketing activities are brought under the control of one department to improve short-run policy planning and to try to integrate the firm’s activities. (5) The Marketing Company Era- a time when, in addition to short-run marketing planning, marketing people develop long-range plans—sometimes five or more years ahead—and the whole company effort is guided by the marketing concept.


Input: [Management Process] Micro-Macro Dilemma

Output: When a firm focuses its efforts on satisfying some consumers—to achieve its objectives—there may be a negative effect on society. What is “good” for some firms and consumers may not be good for society as a whole.


Input: [Management Process] collaborators

Output: : firms that facilitate or provide one or more of the marketing functions other than buying or selling, includes advertising agencies, marketing research firms


Input: [Management Process] direct market environment

Output: customers company competitors


Input: [Management Process] external market environment

Output: : economic, technology, political/legal, and cultural and social environment


Input: [Management Process] Things a firm should do in producing a bike

Output: o Analyze needs o Predict wants o Estimate demand o Predict when o Determine where o Estimate price o Decide promotion o Estimate competition o Provide service


Input: [Management Process] Production vs. Marketing

Output: Marketing: makes sure right goods and services are produced Production: Making goods or performing services Marketing + production =creates customer satisfaction


Input: [Management Process] Universal Functions of Marketing

Output: • Buying • Selling • Transporting • Storing • Standardization and grading • Financing • Risk Taking • Market Information


Input: [Management Process] • Prices setting

Output: Price objectives – what is your objective in setting the price • Price flexibility – are you willing to be flexible? • Price changes over the life cycle – athletes get new contracts after 3 or 4 years • Discounts and allowances – offer discounts? • Geographic pricing terms – pricing zones • Legal environment – no price fixing/conspiracies • Cost and demand – of the product • Price sensitivity – “gotta be sensitive to customer needs” right now people are poors • Competition and substitutions – gotta know what the competition is doing


Input: [Management Process] – Randy Cohen

Output: Founder of ticket city


Input: [Management Process] LAER

Output: Listen, Acknowledge, Explore, And Respond


Input: [Management Process] Distinctive Competency

Output: What are you special/good at? Ends up being your VALUE PROPOSITION


Input: [Management Process]  Product-Market Definition

Output: o Product Type - o Customer Needs – refers to the needs of the customer by the product o Geographic Area – identifies where the market is located o Customer Type – identifies who specifically is using the product


Input: [Management Process] 2 step process of Segmentation

Output: • Naming broad product-markets – must break apart all possible needs for that broad market • Segmenting market and selecting targets – [whole foods: there is no grocery store in downtown Austin. Austin people are healthy. Pick health concerned downtown austinites!]


Input: [Management Process] brett hurt

Output: Bazaar Voice Company


Input: [Management Process] Warfarin (Coumadin)

Output: Anticoagulant s.e.: hemorrhage Diarrhea, Rash, Fever N.C.: mgmt of pulmonary emboli, deep-vein thrombosis, MI, atrial dysrhythmias, postcardiac valve replacement -therapeutic PT@1.5-2.5 X control, INR @ 2.0=3.0 -onset: 12-24 hrs, pk 1-1/2 to 3 days, dur: 3-5 days -antidote: vit. K, whole bl, plasma -avoid foods high in Vit K, green leafy vegs. -do not interchange brands, potencies may not be equivalent -avoid ASA & NSAIDS + OTC meds that contain them -wear med.tag


Input: [treponema] Mycobacterium tuberculosis (and other mycobacterium)

Output: acid fast stain

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] Rickettsia

Output: dont stain well bc they're intracellular parasites

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] mycoplasma

Output: no cell wall

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] Legionella pneumophila

Output: primarily intracellular and are visualized with a silver stain

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] Borrelia, plasmodium, trypanosomes and chlamydia

Output: giemsa stain used for finding

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] stains glycogen, mucopolysacharides and is used to diagnose whipple's disease (tropheryma whippelii)

Output: PAS(+)

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] stains acid fast

Output: Ziehl neelsen (carbol fuchsin) stain

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] cryptococcus neoformans

Output: india ink stain

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] H.flu

Output: chacolate agar with factors V and X

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] Clostridium perfringens

Output: alpha toxin that is a phospholipase that degrades tissue and cell membranes

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] Strep pyogenes

Output: Streptolysin O, a protein that degrades cell membrane

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] Diphtheria toxin (Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Output: this toxin innactivates elongation factor 2 (EF2) leading to pharyngitis and pseudomembrane formation

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [treponema] alpha toxin (hemolysis) beta toxin (sphingomyelinase) proteins A,B,C and gamma toxin (hemolysin and leukocidin) hemolysin (hemolysis) leukocidin (destroys leukocytes) enterotoxins A-E (food poisoning, NVD) TSST-1 (toxic shock syndome)

Output: name all the toxins that are secreted by staph aureus

darkfield microscopy and fluorecnt antibody staining


Input: [A community is composed of] When two different populations in a community benefit from their relationship with each other, the result is called ____

Output: Mutualism

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Which of the following is an example of predation?

Output: a hawk swooping down quickly to capture, kill, and eat a prairie king snake

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] The sum total of a population's use of the biotic and abiotic resources of its habitat constitutes its ___.

Output: Niche

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] In an ecosystem, you would expect to find interspecific competition between

Output: populations of two species that occupy the same niche

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] If an overlap develops between the ranges of two closely related species, and if the species occupy the same niche in the zone of overlap, what will probably happen in the zone of overlap?

Output: One species will take over most or all of the zone of overlap.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Camouflage typically evolves as a result of ___.

Output: predation

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] One mechanism that prey populations evolve to avoid predation is

Output: chemical defenses.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Some herbivore-plant interactions evolved through a series of reciprocal evolutionary adaptations in both species. The process is called ___.

Output: Coevolution

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Most plants have a variety of chemicals, spines, and thorns because the plants

Output: cannot run away from herbivores.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] The prokaryotes that cause tooth decay have a ________ relationship with humans.

Output: parasitic

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Within an ecosystem, a tree is a ___.

Output: producer

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] On Earth, most organic molecules are produced by

Output: photosynthesis

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] In a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass, grasshoppers, sparrows, and hawks, the grasshoppers are

Output: primary consumers

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] In a food chain consisting of phytoplankton → zooplankton → fish → fishermen, the fishermen are

Output: tertiary consumers.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Organisms that digest molecules in organic material and convert them into inorganic forms are

Output: decomposers

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Which of the following statements regarding food webs is true?

Output: Several species of primary consumers may feed on the same species of producer.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] The number of species in a community is called the

Output: species richness.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] We expect that a keystone species that is a predator will

Output: maintain the species diversity in a community.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] During ecological succession, the species composition of a plant community generally

Output: changes gradually because each species responds differently to the changing environment.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] When a New England farm is abandoned, its formerly plowed fields first become weedy meadows, then shrubby areas, and finally forest. This sequence of plant communities is an example of

Output: secondary succession.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Non-native species that are introduced in new environments, spread far beyond the original point of introduction, and cause damage are called

Output: invasive species.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] The flow of ________ into ecosystems occurs in one direction only, while ________ are recycled within the ecosystem itself.

Output: energy . . . chemicals

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] In an average ecosystem, about how much energy is present in the organisms at a given trophic level compared to the organisms at the next higher trophic level?

Output: ten times as much

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Which of the following substances is cycled between organic matter and abiotic reservoirs?

Output: carbon

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Carbon mainly cycles between the biotic and abiotic worlds through the processes of

Output: cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is true?

Output: The nitrogen cycle requires different types of bacteria.

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: [A community is composed of] Denitrifying bacteria convert ________ to ________.

Output: nitrates . . . nitrogen gas

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.


Input: 1) Individual employees and work teams differ in how much they contribute to the company, both in what they do as well as in how well they do it. 2) The company’s overall performance depends to a large degree on the performance of individuals and groups within the company. 3) To attract, retain, and motivate high performers and to be fair to all employees, a company needs to reward employees on the basis of their relative performance. [incentive pay]

Output: Effective incentive pay systems are based on three assumptions:


Input: these plans reward employees whose work is performed independently [incentive pay]

Output: individual pay system


Input: Quantity of work output Quality of work output Monthly sales Work safety record Work attendance [incentive pay]

Output: individual performance measures


Input: piecework plans managment behavior encouragement referral [incentive pay]

Output: Types of Individual Incentive Plans


Input: reward workers for every item produced over a designated production standard [incentive pay]

Output: piecework plans


Input:  Awards based on individual production vs. objective standards  Awards based on individual performance standards using objective and subjective criteria  Quantity and/or quality goals [incentive pay]

Output: types of piecework plans


Input: award bonuses to managers when they meet or exceed objectives based on sales, profit, production, or other measures for their division [incentive pay]

Output: managment incentice plans


Input: employees receive payments for specific behavioral accomplishments [incentive pay]

Output: behavior encouragement


Input: employees receive bonuses for recruitment of highly qualified employees [incentive pay]

Output: referral plans


Input: these plans promote supportive, collaborative behavior among employees [incentive pay]

Output: group/team pay systems


Input: -Customer satisfaction -Labor cost savings -Materials cost savings -Reduction in accidents -Services cost savings [incentive pay]

Output: group performance measures


Input: these plans tie employee compensation to a company’s performance over a short time frame; Rewards employees when company meets performance standards [incentive pay]

Output: company wide/organization pay plans


Input: Company profits -Cost containment -Market share -Sales revenue [incentive pay]

Output: organizational performance measures


Input: 1) Profit sharing plans: Current profit-sharing plans: Financial reward for employees when company meets profit objectives Deferred profit-sharing plans: Right to purchase shares of company stock given to employees 2) Employee stock option plans [incentive pay]

Output: types of Company-Wide incentive plans:


Input: flat, ind. commision rate, ramped, and adjusted [incentive pay]

Output: Describe the types of commissions.


Input: -% X $ amount sold [incentive pay]

Output: flat commission


Input: target/quota [incentive pay]

Output: Individual commission rate (IDR


Input: quota + % (as the volume is increased the % added in increased) [incentive pay]

Output: ramped


Input: commission varies among the product. Different %’s for each product. (used in pharmaceutical companies) [incentive pay]

Output: adjusted


Input: system of management used by a business to get higher levels of performance through the involvement and participation of its people. As performance improves, employees share . Gainsharing is about people working smarter together and not just working harder. [incentive pay]

Output: gainsharing


Input: o Incentives based on company’s o improved productivity o Based on open leadership o Involves employee participation o Includes bonuses o Most gain sharing programs have three components:  Leadership philosophy  Employee involvement systems  Bonuses [incentive pay]

Output: gain sharing details


Input: provides for a common award level, either a fixed amount or a percentage of base pay, that will be paid to all eligible employees upon achieving a certain level of profitability [incentive pay]

Output: profit sharing


Input: o Current profit-sharing plans  Financial reward for employees when company meets profit objectives o Deferred profit-sharing plans  Right to purchase shares of company stock given to employees o Fixed first-dollar-of profits o Graduated first-dollar-of profits o Probability threshold formula [incentive pay]

Output: profit sharing details


Input: •Industries oGainsharing- common in production or production-oreinted environments oProfit sharing-wide-variety of industries •Motivation oGainsharing-can start to lose their motivational value as incremental gains over prior performance periods start to diminish oProfit sharing-less effective that other forms of variable pay in motivating specific individual •Emphasis oGainsharing- group or organizational achievement oProfit sharing- emphasizes profit [incentive pay]

Output: similarites and dif. in gainsharing and profit sharing


Input: MM...CHEF SPAT?! managerial, marginal, class hegemony, human capital, efficeincy, figurehead, social comparison, prospect, agency, tournament [incentive pay]

Output: theories guiding executive compensation


Input: Shareholders give control to executives [incentive pay]

Output: agency theory


Input: managers compete for pormotinos [incentive pay]

Output: tournament theory


Input: compensation compared to others [incentive pay]

Output: social comparison theory


Input: executives share a common bond [incentive pay]

Output: class hegemony theory


Input: paid a premium to exert effort and avoid firing [incentive pay]

Output: efficiency theory


Input: CEO is a symbol and rep [incentive pay]

Output: figurehead theory


Input: value based on KSAO [incentive pay]

Output: human capital theory


Input: CEO's have power yielded to them by owners [incentive pay]

Output: managerial theory


Input: CEO compensation is base on his/her value of the firm [incentive pay]

Output: marginal productivity theory


Input: focuses on executive's loss aversion [incentive pay]

Output: prospect theory


Input: employee’s salary – range min/max-min * this ratio tells you how much room the employee has to increase their salary before they go over the max. in their pay grade [incentive pay]

Output: range penetration


Input: salary/midpoint of pay range *This ratio helps decide how large of a raise in pay an employee needs at a given time. It allows an organization to understand how an individual’s pay relates to the organization’s pay ranges and the market. If the individual’s compa-ratio is 100%, then the individual is already being paid what a competent performer would be. [incentive pay]

Output: compa-ratio


Input: individual who resides or originates from the host county [incentive pay]

Output: local national


Input: home country national who is sent to a host country for an assignment [incentive pay]

Output: expatriate


Input: host county national brought to home county for an assignment [incentive pay]

Output: inpatriate


Input: employee who works in multiple host countries [incentive pay]

Output: flexpatriate


Input: •Host country – hosts portion of your business’s operation •Home country – where the business is incorporated [incentive pay]

Output: Differentiate a host versus home country


Input: The approach is a compensation plan that equalizes cost differences between the international assignment and the same assignment in the home country. It may be seen as a protection against higher costs, or it may be seen as part of an attempt to ensure that the employee neither giants nor loses in living standard from accepting the assignment other than from changes in direct pay. [incentive pay]

Output: Describe the cost equalization approach to expatriate compensation


Input: Brought about three programs in order to relieve social problems cause by the Great Depression [incentive pay]

Output: social security act of 1935


Input: they pay wages to employees totaling $1,500 or more in any quarter of a calendar year; or  they had at least one employee during any day of a week during 20 weeks in a calendar year, regardless of whether the weeks were consecutive. However, some state laws differ from the federal law [incentive pay]

Output: generally employers must pay both state and federal unemployement taxes under the unemployement insurance when..


Input: o 6.2 percent of taxable wages of employees  first $7,000 paid in wages, or $454 per employee per year  Early and timely payments receive an offset credit of up to 5.4 percent o States administer within federal guidelines o States send money to federal government oAgriculture and domestic workers are exempt [incentive pay]

Output: o 6.2 percent of taxable wages of employees  first $7,000 paid in wages, or $454 per employee per year  Early and timely payments receive an offset credit of up to 5.4 percent o States administer within federal guidelines o States send money to federal government o Agriculture and domestic workers are exempt


Input: Civilian federal worker Railroad employees (before 1984) State and local government workers Children •Under 21 if working for a parent •Unless over 18 working in the family’s business [incentive pay]

Output: Old age, Survivor, Disability insurance (OASDI) exemptions


Input: Earn 40 quarters of credit or: Be employed for 10 years Be age 62 for partial benefits Be age 65 for full benefits In 2002 be age 67 [incentive pay]

Output: OASDI Requirements


Input: oFor citizens age 65 and older oProvided insurance coverage for Hospitalization Convalescent care Major doctor bills Prescription drug costs [incentive pay]

Output: medicare- CHMP


Input: o as an employee reward, equity represents ownership in a company, Ownership typically is in the form of stock [incentive pay]

Output: equity reward


Input: stock shares you own for the company you work for [incentive pay]

Output: company stock


Input: form of corporate equity ownership, a type of security. In the event of bankruptcy, common stock investors receive their funds after preferred stock holders, bondholders, creditors, etc. On the other hand, common shares on average perform better than preferred shares or bonds over time. [incentive pay]

Output: common stock


Input: equity securities in which an owners rate of return is fixed. Preferred stock receives a higher priority to be paid back than common stock in the event of liquidation or bankruptcy [incentive pay]

Output: preferred stock


Input: change in the number of shares issued by adjusting the number of shares to current owner [incentive pay]

Output: stock split


Input: generate cash to meet short term financial obligations [incentive pay]

Output: liquity


Input: o payments to shareholders by a corporation, paid from the company’s retained earnings and not deductible as an expense to the company [incentive pay]

Output: dividends


Input: rate of return on an investment-expressed as % [incentive pay]

Output: yield


Input: o the potential for losing money when a downturn in the market or the stock price negatively affects the value of one’s stock holdings [incentive pay]

Output: downside risk


Input: when stocks are publicly sold/traded [incentive pay]

Output: public securities market


Input: a company's initial sale of its shares to the investing pulic [incentive pay]

Output: initial public offering (IPO)


Input: securities and exchange commission financial accounting stantards board international accounting standards board dept. of labor internal revenue service [incentive pay]

Output: governing agencies that deal with equity based rewards


Input: Regulates “insider trading” Publicly traded company reports here [incentive pay]

Output: securities and exhcnage commission


Input:  A private body that decides how financial executives should report their firms’ financial information to their shareholders. It derives its authority from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the SEC enforces the accounting standards. [incentive pay]

Output: financial acct. standards board


Input: subject to FLSA and ERISA [incentive pay]

Output: dept of labor


Input: makes rulings on revenue and private-letter that interpret legislation [incentive pay]

Output: internal revenue service


Input: o Ordinary income tax o Capital gains taxes  Tax on gains from interest o Short-term capital gain o Long-term capital gain  Held for 1 year and 1 day later o Dividend tax rate  Added by JAGTRRA o Alternative minimum tax (AMT) [incentive pay]

Output: forms of taxation for employee


Input: consult firms acountnat or enrollin advance taxation [incentive pay]

Output: forms of taxation for the employer


Input:  Any plan, fund, or program…to the extent that by its express terms or as a result of surrounding circumstances such plan, fund, or program— • Provides retirement income: or • Results in a deferral of income [incentive pay]

Output: ERISA- employee pension benefit plan and pension plans


Input:  Government plans  Certain Church plans  Unfunded excess benefits plans  Plans maintained outside of the United States [incentive pay]

Output: ERISA title 1 exclusions


Input: o Imposed requirements on employer-sponsored group health plans, insurance companies, and health maintenance organizations (HMOs) beyond ERISA, IRC, etc [incentive pay]

Output: HIPPA (health insurance portability and accountablilty act of 1996)


Input:  Limit exclusion for pre-existing conditions  Prohibit discrimination due to health status  Guarantee renewability and availability of coverage to certain employers and individuals [incentive pay]

Output: HIPPA ADDED...


Input:  Pre-existing conditions is a condition for which medical advice,, diagnosis, care or treatment was recommended or received for six months [incentive pay]

Output: HIPPA title 1 rules


Input: •Plans must cover pre-existing conditions after 12 months (18 for late enrollees) •Employees must be given credit for previous coverage that occurred without a “break” in coverage (63 days or more) AKA “creditable coverage” •COBRA counts [incentive pay]

Output: HIPPA Pre-existing Condition Limitations


Input: a payment made to all expatriates going on assignment. Direct cash incentives that are unrelated to cost. Usually fifteen percent of pay in every check [incentive pay]

Output: foreign-service premium


Input: a lump sum usually paid in two amounts one in the beginning and one at the end of the year, used as an incentive payment for going on assignment [incentive pay]

Output: mobility premium


Input: Money given to an employee for moving to a difficult location. Payment usually expressed as a percentage of salary and ranges from 5 to 35 percent of pay. [incentive pay]

Output: hardship premiums


Input: A more politically correct term for hardship premium. [incentive pay]

Output: location premium


Input: bilateral social security agreement. Companies try to be exempt from the host country’s social security system and still participate in the home country’s social security system. Usually for temporary assignments and only lasts for 5-6 years. [incentive pay]

Output: tantalization agreement


Input: Here the company pays the expatriate in local and home currency. The local amount is used for housing and food expenses and the home currency protects the expatriate from fluctuations in currencies. [incentive pay]

Output: split pay approach


Input: Combining all policies to compensate the expatriate. [incentive pay]

Output: balance sheet approach


Input: cash compensation gross compensation net compensation [incentive pay]

Output: three ways in which compensation is commonly defined across the world.


Input: wage rates, salary, cash bonuses and sort term incentives but excludes the value of employee benefits, special allowances, long term incentives, deferred compensation, contributions to savings plans, distributions through profit sharing plans, and noncash compensation such as equities. [incentive pay]

Output: cash conpensation


Input: payroll costs of all employee benefits and allowances as well as the total of cash compensation as defined above [incentive pay]

Output: gross compensation


Input: used when comparing net (after tax) calculation of compensation [incentive pay]

Output: net compensation


Input: • 1875 First pension plan established • 1913 Department of Labor formed • 1935 Social Security Established • Union Membership increases • Post WWII wage freezes promote benefit growth • Medicare and Medicaid established (Great Society) • 1974 ERISA, IRS Section 125, HMO Act todays health care debate [incentive pay]

Output: historical influences upon Employee Benefits


Input: a cafeteria plan is a written document which allows employees to convert certain taxable benefits into non-taxable benefits. [incentive pay]

Output: According to Section 125 of the IRS tax code


Input: social security medicare OASDI workers compensation family and medical leave [incentive pay]

Output: mandatory benefits


Input: health care life insurance retirement/pension plans flexible compensation paid leave [incentive pay]

Output: nonmandatory benefits


Input: provides for the needs of both individuals and their families. This program protects the aged and disabled against expenses that might otherwise exhaust their entire savings. While unemployment provides benefits for those that lose their jobs, workers compensation programs provide benefits to those workers disabled by occupational illness or injury. [incentive pay]

Output: social security


Input:  Generally, employers must pay both state and federal unemployment taxes if:  (1) they pay wages to employees totaling $1,500 or more in any quarter of a calendar year; or  (2) they had at least one employee during any day of a week during 20 weeks in a calendar year, regardless of whether the weeks were consecutive. However, some state laws differ from the federal law  6.2 percent of taxable wages of employees  first $7,000 paid in wages, or $454 per employee per year  Early and timely payments receive an offset credit of up to 5.4 percent  States administer within federal guidelines  States send money to federal government [incentive pay]

Output: unemployement insurance


Input: Did not leave job voluntarily  Able and available for work  Actively seeking work  Has not refused suitable work  Not off due to labor dispute  Not fired for gross work violations  Must be employed for the last four or five quarters (base period) prior to becoming unemployed [incentive pay]

Output: unemployement eligibility


Input: • Based on Eligibility Status and Relationship • Deceased was fully insured • Dependent, unmarried children • Widows age 60 and older • Dependent parent age 62 and older [incentive pay]

Output: OASDI survivor benefits


Input: • Worker was fully insured • Meets Social Security work requirements • Varies according to age and disability • Disability must last one year or be terminal • Six-month waiting period [incentive pay]

Output: OASDI disability benefits


Input: • Covers inpatient and outpatient hospital care and services • Provides unlimited in-home care • Participants • Social security beneficiaries • Retirees • Voluntary enrollees • Disabled • Employer and employee financed [incentive pay]

Output: medicare part A


Input: • Voluntary supplementary medical insurance • $110 deductible, then covers 80% • Financed by government and enrollees • Participants • Part A enrollees • Those on social security • Railroad retirees [incentive pay]

Output: medicare part B


Input: • Supplements Parts A and B • Through private insurers • 10 standardized choices • Medicare Select Option • Lower premiums for fewer choices • Not offered in all states [incentive pay]

Output: medigap


Input: • Medicare + Choice, Medicare Advantage • Established through Balanced Budget Act of 1997 • Alternative to Parts A and B • Options: o Fee-for-services o Managed care plans o Medical savings accounts [incentive pay]

Output: medicare part c


Input:  Medicare Part D • Medicare Prescription Drug Program • Covers 75% after $250 deductible up to $2,250 • Cover 95% after $5,100 out-of-pocket • Employer subsidy for similar plan [incentive pay]

Output: medicare part d


Input: State compulsory disability laws o Enacted in 1911 o Employer liable regardless of fault o Maritime, federal civilian, domestic agriculture, and small business workers not covered [incentive pay]

Output: workers compensation


Input: injury, occupational disease, and death [incentive pay]

Output: workers comp claims


Input: medical services disability income death benefits rehabilitation services [incentive pay]

Output: workers comp benefits


Input:  Provide income and medical benefits  Reduce litigation  Relieve charities’ financial drain  Eliminate legal fees and time  Encourage employer safety  Promote accident study and avoidance [incentive pay]

Output: workers comp objective


Input: o 12 weeks of unpaid leave for:  Birth, adoption, foster care  Serious family medical problems  Worker’s serious medical problem o Retention of:  Seniority  Health insurance coverage  Credit for previous service  Accrued retirement benefits [incentive pay]

Output: family and medical leave


Input: Where in the neuron is an action potential initially generated? [equilibrium potential] axon hillock [3]

Output: Yes, this region (first part of the axon) receives local signals (graded potentials) from the soma and dendrites and has a high concentration of voltage-gated Na+ channels.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The depolarization phase of an action potential results from the opening of which channels? [equilibrium potential] voltage-gated Na+ channels [3]

Output: Yes, when the voltage-gated Na+ channels open, Na+ rushes into the cell causing depolarization.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The repolarization phase of an action potential results from __________. [equilibrium potential] the opening of voltage-gated K+ channels [3]

Output: Yes, as the voltage-gated K+ channels open, K+ rushes out of the cell, causing the membrane potential to become more negative on the inside, thus repolarizing the cell.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hyperpolarization results from __________. [equilibrium potential] slow closing of voltage-gated K+ channels [3]

Output: Yes, the slow closing of the voltage-gated K+ channels means that more K+ is leaving the cell, making it more negative inside.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the magnitude (amplitude) of an action potential? [equilibrium potential] 100 mV [3]

Output: Yes, the membrane goes from –70 mV to +30 mV. Thus, during the action potential, the inside of the cell becomes more positive than the outside of the cell.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The membranes of neurons at rest are very permeable to _____ but only slightly permeable to _____. [equilibrium potential] K+; Na+ [3]

Output: Yes, more K+ moves out of the cell than Na+ moves into the cell, helping to establish a negative resting membrane potential.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: During depolarization, which gradient(s) move(s) Na+ into the cell? [equilibrium potential] both the electrical and chemical gradients [3]

Output: Yes, a positive ion is driven into the cell because the inside of the cell is negative compared to the outside of the cell, and Na+ is driven into the cell because the concentration of Na+ is greater outside the cell.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the value for the resting membrane potential for most neurons? [equilibrium potential] -70mV [3]

Output: Yes, the resting membrane potential for neurons depends on the distribution of both Na+ and K+ across the cell membrane. The potential is closer to the equilibrium potential of K+ because the cell is more permeable to K+.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The Na+–K+ pump actively transports both sodium and potassium ions across the membrane to compensate for their constant leakage. In which direction is each ion pumped? [equilibrium potential] Na+ is pumped out of the cell and K+ is pumped into the cell [3]

Output: Yes, Na+ is pumped out of the cell against its electrochemical gradient and K+ is pumped into the cell against its concentration gradient.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The concentrations of which two ions are highest outside the cell. [equilibrium potential] Na+ and Cl– [3]

Output: Yes, both Na+ and Cl– are in higher concentrations outside the cell.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Where do most action potentials originate? [equilibrium potential] initial segment [3]

Output: The first part of the axon is known as the initial segment. The initial segment is adjacent to the tapered end of the cell body, known as the axon hillock.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What opens first in response to a threshold stimulus? [equilibrium potential] Voltage-gated Na+ channels [3]

Output: The activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels open, and Na+ diffuses into the cytoplasm

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What characterizes depolarization, the first phase of the action potential? [equilibrium potential] The membrane potential changes from a negative value to a positive value. [3]

Output: The plasma membrane, which was polarized to a negative value at the RMP, depolarizes to a positive value.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What characterizes repolarization, the second phase of the action potential? [equilibrium potential] Once the membrane depolarizes to a peak value of +30 mV, it repolarizes to its negative resting value of -70 mV. [3]

Output: The plasma membrane was depolarized to a positive value at the peak of the first phase of the action potential. Thus, it must repolarize back to a negative value.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What event triggers the generation of an action potential? [equilibrium potential] The membrane potential must depolarize from the resting voltage of -70 mV to a threshold value of -55 mV. [3]

Output: This is the minimum value required to open enough voltage-gated Na+ channels so that depolarization is irreversible.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the first change to occur in response to a threshold stimulus? [equilibrium potential] Voltage-gated Na+ channels change shape, and their activation gates open. [3]

Output: The activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels open very rapidly in response to threshold stimuli. The activation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels are comparatively slow to open.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What type of conduction takes place in unmyelinated axons? [equilibrium potential] continuous conduction [3]

Output: An action potential is conducted continuously along an unmyelinated axon from its initial segment to the axon terminals. The term continuous refers to the fact that the action potential is regenerated when voltage-gated Na+ channels open in every consecutive segment of the axon, not at nodes of Ranvier.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An action potential is self-regenerating because __________. [equilibrium potential] depolarizing currents established by the influx of Na+ flow down the axon and trigger an action potential at the next segment [3]

Output: The Na+ diffusing into the axon during the first phase of the action potential creates a depolarizing current that brings the next segment, or node, of the axon to threshold.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Why does regeneration of the action potential occur in one direction, rather than in two directions? [equilibrium potential] The inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close in the node, or segment, that has just fired an action potential. [3]

Output: At the peak of the depolarization phase of the action potential, the inactivation gates close. Thus, the voltage-gated Na+ channels become absolutely refractory to another depolarizing stimulus.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the function of the myelin sheath? [equilibrium potential] The myelin sheath increases the speed of action potential conduction from the initial segment to the axon terminals. [3]

Output: The myelin sheath increases the velocity of conduction by two mechanisms. First, myelin insulates the axon, reducing the loss of depolarizing current across the plasma membrane. Second, the myelin insulation allows the voltage across the membrane to change much faster. Because of these two mechanisms, regeneration only needs to happen at the widely spaced nodes of Ranvier, so the action potential appears to jump.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What changes occur to voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels at the peak of depolarization? [equilibrium potential] Inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close, while activation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels open. [3]

Output: Closing of voltage-gated channels is time dependent. Typically, the inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close about a millisecond after the activation gates open. At the same time, the activation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels open.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: In which type of axon will velocity of action potential conduction be the fastest? [equilibrium potential] Myelinated axons with the largest diameter [3]

Output: The large diameter facilitates the flow of depolarizing current through the cytoplasm. The myelin sheath insulates the axons and prevents current from leaking across the plasma membrane.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Ions are unequally distributed across the plasma membrane of all cells. This ion distribution creates an electrical potential difference across the membrane. What is the name given to this potential difference? [equilibrium potential] Resting membrane potential (RMP) [3]

Output: The resting membrane potential is the baseline potential that can be recorded across the plasma membrane of an excitable cell prior to excitation.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sodium and potassium ions can diffuse across the plasma membranes of all cells because of the presence of what type of channel? [equilibrium potential] Leak channels [3]

Output: Leak channels for Na+ and K+ are ubiquitous, and they allow for the diffusion of these ions across plasma membranes.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: On average, the resting membrane potential is -70 mV. What does the sign and magnitude of this value tell you? [equilibrium potential] The inside surface of the plasma is much more negatively charged than the outside surface. [3]

Output: The inside surface of the plasma membrane accumulates more negative charge because of the presence of Na+ and K+ gradients and the selective permeability of the membrane to Na+ and K+.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The plasma membrane is much more permeable to K+ than to Na+. Why? [equilibrium potential] There are many more K+ leak channels than Na+ leak channels in the plasma membrane. [3]

Output: More leak channels translates into more leakiness. Thus the outward flux of K+ is greater than the inward flux of Na+.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The resting membrane potential depends on two factors that influence the magnitude and direction of Na+ and K+ diffusion across the plasma membrane. Identify these two factors. [equilibrium potential] The presence of concentration gradients and leak channels [3]

Output: The concentration gradient and the large number of K+ leak channels allow for rather robust K+ diffusion out of a cell. In contrast, the concentration gradient and the relatively few Na+ leak channels allow for much less Na+ diffusion into a cell.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What prevents the Na+ and K+ gradients from dissipating? [equilibrium potential] Na+-K+ ATPase [3]

Output: Also known as the Na+-K+ pump, or simply the pump, this transporter moves three Na+ out of the cell and two K+ into the cell for every ATP it hydrolyzes. This pumping action prevents the Na+ and K+ gradients from running down as these ions passively move through leak channels.

BIO 219: MAP #5 - Neurophysiology I and II: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Zygote

Output: the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Embryo

Output: the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Fetus

Output: the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Teratogens

Output: agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Output: physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Maturation

Output: biological growth processes that enable orderly changed in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Cognition

Output: all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Schema

Output: a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Assimilation

Output: interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Accommodation

Output: adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Sensorimotor Stage

Output: in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Object Permanence

Output: the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Preoperational Stage

Output: in Piagent's theory, the stage (from about 2, to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Conservation

Output: the principle (which Piagent believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Egocentrism

Output: in Piagent's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Theory Of The Mind

Output: people's ideas about their own and others' mental states-about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Concrete Operational Stage

Output: in Piagent's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Formal Operational Stage

Output: in Piagent's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which perople begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Stranger Anxiety

Output: the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Attachment

Output: an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Critical Period

Output: an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Imprinting

Output: the process by which certain animals form attachements during a critical period very early in life.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Basic Trust

Output: according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predicatable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Adolescence

Output: the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Puberty

Output: the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Primary Sex Characteristics

Output: the body strustures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Secondary Sex Characteristics

Output: nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, amle voice quality, and body hair.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Menarche

Output: the first menstral period.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Identity

Output: our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Social Identity

Output: the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that somes from our group memberships.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Intimacy

Output: in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Emerging Adulthood

Output: for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Menopause

Output: the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biooligyal changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Crystallized Intelligence

Output: our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Fluid Intelligence

Output: our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: [Developmental Psychology] Social Clock

Output: the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.

Chapter 5 Development-From Exploring Psychology Flashcards - Cram.com

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.


Input: Mutualism [A community is composed of]

Output: When two different populations in a community benefit from their relationship with each other, the result is called ____


Input: a hawk swooping down quickly to capture, kill, and eat a prairie king snake [A community is composed of]

Output: Which of the following is an example of predation?


Input: Niche [A community is composed of]

Output: The sum total of a population's use of the biotic and abiotic resources of its habitat constitutes its ___.


Input: populations of two species that occupy the same niche [A community is composed of]

Output: In an ecosystem, you would expect to find interspecific competition between


Input: One species will take over most or all of the zone of overlap. [A community is composed of]

Output: If an overlap develops between the ranges of two closely related species, and if the species occupy the same niche in the zone of overlap, what will probably happen in the zone of overlap?


Input: predation [A community is composed of]

Output: Camouflage typically evolves as a result of ___.


Input: chemical defenses. [A community is composed of]

Output: One mechanism that prey populations evolve to avoid predation is


Input: Coevolution [A community is composed of]

Output: Some herbivore-plant interactions evolved through a series of reciprocal evolutionary adaptations in both species. The process is called ___.


Input: cannot run away from herbivores. [A community is composed of]

Output: Most plants have a variety of chemicals, spines, and thorns because the plants


Input: parasitic [A community is composed of]

Output: The prokaryotes that cause tooth decay have a ________ relationship with humans.


Input: producer [A community is composed of]

Output: Within an ecosystem, a tree is a ___.


Input: photosynthesis [A community is composed of]

Output: On Earth, most organic molecules are produced by


Input: primary consumers [A community is composed of]

Output: In a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass, grasshoppers, sparrows, and hawks, the grasshoppers are


Input: tertiary consumers. [A community is composed of]

Output: In a food chain consisting of phytoplankton → zooplankton → fish → fishermen, the fishermen are


Input: decomposers [A community is composed of]

Output: Organisms that digest molecules in organic material and convert them into inorganic forms are


Input: Several species of primary consumers may feed on the same species of producer. [A community is composed of]

Output: Which of the following statements regarding food webs is true?


Input: species richness. [A community is composed of]

Output: The number of species in a community is called the


Input: maintain the species diversity in a community. [A community is composed of]

Output: We expect that a keystone species that is a predator will


Input: changes gradually because each species responds differently to the changing environment. [A community is composed of]

Output: During ecological succession, the species composition of a plant community generally


Input: secondary succession. [A community is composed of]

Output: When a New England farm is abandoned, its formerly plowed fields first become weedy meadows, then shrubby areas, and finally forest. This sequence of plant communities is an example of


Input: invasive species. [A community is composed of]

Output: Non-native species that are introduced in new environments, spread far beyond the original point of introduction, and cause damage are called


Input: energy . . . chemicals [A community is composed of]

Output: The flow of ________ into ecosystems occurs in one direction only, while ________ are recycled within the ecosystem itself.


Input: ten times as much [A community is composed of]

Output: In an average ecosystem, about how much energy is present in the organisms at a given trophic level compared to the organisms at the next higher trophic level?


Input: carbon [A community is composed of]

Output: Which of the following substances is cycled between organic matter and abiotic reservoirs?


Input: cellular respiration and photosynthesis. [A community is composed of]

Output: Carbon mainly cycles between the biotic and abiotic worlds through the processes of


Input: The nitrogen cycle requires different types of bacteria. [A community is composed of]

Output: Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is true?