Input: -Eutrophication due to nutrient input -Ag runoff into Florida Everglades produces huge cattail blooms and eutrophication -Flow alteration- water use for agriculture, consumption, construction of Dams, Levees -three gorges dam on Yangtze River- flooding of upper portion of river: erosion & siltation, loss of wetlands & lakes, reduced temp. & O2 levels downstream which affects the fish and plant life. - Yuba river dams and mining: dams prevent species such as the Chinook salmon from their full range, while mining releases large amounts of sediments, altering river formation -Mesopotamian Marshlands: draining-over 70% gone -diversion of water from Mono Lake for Los Angeles area -Introduction of invasive species - fish stocks at flathead lake, MO-extreme changes in foodweb -introduction of Nile Perch to Lake Victoria- decline of native cichlid population - Climate Change - vernal pools-changes in both drought and rainfall would alter the presence of this type of wetland -Florida everglades-same as above - Channelization - Missouri River - Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta Mesopotamian marshlands

Output: What human impacts are common across many freshwater system case studies? Give three examples of impacts using at least two case studies each

Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Carry blood away from the heart [2]

Output: Arteries

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Carry blood toward the heart [2]

Output: Veins

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tunic which lines the lumen of a vessel, a single thin layer of endothelium that is continuous with the endocardium of the heart [2]

Output: Tunica intima

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Bulky middle coat of blood vessels which is made primarily of smooth muscle and elastic tissue [2]

Output: Tunica media

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Outermost tunic, is composed of fibrous connective tissue. [2]

Output: Tunica externa

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tunic made primarily of smooth muscle and elastic tissue [2]

Output: Tunica media

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tunic composed of fibrous connective tissue [2]

Output: Tunica externa

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tunic composed of a single layer of endothelium [2]

Output: Tunica interna

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Largest artery of the body [2]

Output: Aorta

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Arteries that supply the myocardium [2]

Output: Right & Left coronary arteries

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] First branch of the aortic arch [2]

Output: Brachiocephalic trunk

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The brachiocephalic artery splits and divides into the? [2]

Output: Right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artery that serves the brain [2]

Output: Internal carotid artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artery that supplies the tissues external to the skull in the neck and head [2]

Output: External carotid artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Small artery that serves the diaphragm [2]

Output: Phrenic artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Small artery that serves the esphagus [2]

Output: Esophageal arteries

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Small artery that serves the bronchi [2]

Output: Bronchial arteries

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artery that supplies to the stomach [2]

Output: Left gastric artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artery that supplies to the spleen [2]

Output: Splenic artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What does the common hepatic artery branch off to? [2]

Output: the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artery that branches off to the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas [2]

Output: Common hepatic artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The largest branch of the abdominal aorta, supplies most of the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine [2]

Output: Superior mesenteric artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artery that supplies the kidneys [2]

Output: Renal arteries

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artery that supplies the ovaries and the testes [2]

Output: Gonadal arteries

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artery that supplies the distal half of the large intestine [2]

Output: Inferior mesenteric artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Arteries that serve the pelvis, lower abdominal wall, and the lower limbs [2]

Output: Common iliac arteries

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tunic: Its smooth surface decreases friction [2]

Output: Tunica intima

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tunic of capillaries [2]

Output: Tunica intima

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Tunic that is especially thick in arteries [2]

Output: Tunica media

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which vessel may have valves? Arteries or Veins? [2]

Output: Veins

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which depends on the respiratory and muscular pumps? Arteries or Veins? [2]

Output: Veins

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which of these vessels depends on its elasticity to propel blood along? Arteries or Veins? [2]

Output: Arteries

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The arterial system has one of these; the venous system has two [2]

Output: Brachiocephalic

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Longest vein in the body [2]

Output: Great saphenous

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artery on the foot checked after leg surgery [2]

Output: Dorsalis pedis

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Serves the posterior thigh [2]

Output: Deep femoral

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Formed by the union of the radial and ulnar veins [2]

Output: Brachial

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Two superfical veins of the arm [2]

Output: basilic and cephalic

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Drains the pelvic organs and lower limbs [2]

Output: Common iliac or internal iliac

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What the external iliac vein drains into in the pelvis [2]

Output: Common iliac or internal iliac

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Major artery serving the arm [2]

Output: Brachial

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] An arterial trunk that has 3 major branches, which runs to the liver, spleen, and stomach [2]

Output: Celiac trunk

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] 2 veins that join, forming the popliteal vein [2]

Output: Posterior tibial and anterior tibial

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Artery generally used to take the pulse at the wrist [2]

Output: Radial

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is the source of blood in the hepatic portal system? [2]

Output: blood drained from the digestive viscera

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the? [2]

Output: Splenic vein

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Name given to the communication network is a protective device that provides an alternate set of pathways for blood to reach the brain tissue in the case of impaired blood flow [2]

Output: Circle of Willis

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] In a healthy heart, what part of the heart contracts simultaneously? [2]

Output: Atria

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The blood pressure when the ventricles are contracting [2]

Output: Systole

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The blood pressure when the ventricles are relaxing [2]

Output: Diastole

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The sequence of events in the heart between the start of one ctx & the start of the next [2]

Output: Cardiac cycle

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] When are the AV valves closed? [2]

Output: During ventricular systole

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] When are the semilunar valves closed? [2]

Output: During ventricular diastole

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] At what point in the cardiac cycle is the pressure in the heart highest? [2]

Output: Ventricular systole

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The monosyllables describing the heart sounds are ____. [2]

Output: lub-dup

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The first heart sound is a result of closure of the ____ valves. [2]

Output: AV

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The 2nd heart sound is a result of closure of the ____ valves. [2]

Output: Semilunar

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear the 1st heart sound are the ____, and the chambers that have just emptied are the ____. [2]

Output: Ventricles; atria

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Immediately after the 2nd heart sound, the ____ are filling with blood, and the ____ are empty. [2]

Output: Atria; ventricles

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which heart sound is longer, louder, and more booming? [2]

Output: Lub

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which heart sound is short and sharp? [2]

Output: Dup

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each beat of the left ventricle [2]

Output: Pulse

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pressure point at the wrist where an artery is palpated [2]

Output: Radial artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pressure point in front of the ear where an artery is palpated [2]

Output: Temporal arter

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pressure point in the groin where an artery is palpated [2]

Output: Femoral artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pressure point on the dorsum of the foot where an artery is palpated [2]

Output: Dorsalis pedis artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pressure point At the side of the neck where an artery is palpated [2]

Output: Common carotid artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pressure point above the medial malleolus where an artery is palpated [2]

Output: Posterior tibial artery

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which blood spurts and is a brighter shade of red? [2]

Output: Arterial

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which blood flows smoothly and is a darker shade of red? [2]

Output: Venous

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The pressure the blood exerts against the inner blood vessel walls [2]

Output: Blood pressure

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is the name of the instrument used to compress the artery and record pressures in the auscultatory method of determining blood pressure? [2]

Output: Sphygmomanometer

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Indicate the resumption of blood flow into the forearm [2]

Output: sounds of Korotkoff

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Increase or decrease BP: Increased diameter of the arterioles [2]

Output: Decrease

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Increase or decrease BP: Increased blood viscosity [2]

Output: Increase

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Increase or decrease BP: Increased cardiac output [2]

Output: Increase

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Increase or decrease BP: Hemorrhage [2]

Output: Decrease

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Increase or decrease BP: Arteriosclerosis [2]

Output: Increase

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Increase or decrease BP: Increased pulse rate [2]

Output: Increase

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mode of transmission like eating uncooked food, kissing, sexual contact, mom to baby, etc [2]

Output: Direct contact

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mode of transmission like drinking after someone, fomites (touching a contaminated object after a sick person has touched it) [2]

Output: Indirect contact

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Mode of transmission like sneezing, coughing; Must be in close proximity of contaminated person [2]

Output: Droplets

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cartilage that forms the Adam's apple [2]

Output: Thyroid cartilage

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cartilage that is broader anteriorly [2]

Output: Cricoid cartilage

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Cartilage that is a "lid" for the larynx [2]

Output: Epiglottis

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] What is the function of the pleural membranes? [2]

Output: Produce lubricating serous fluid that causes them to adhere

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Functions of the nasal cavity mucosa [2]

Output: Warms, moistens, and filters air

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which bronchi is longer? [2]

Output: Left

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which bronchi is larger in diameter? [2]

Output: Right

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Which bronchi is more horizontal? [2]

Output: Left

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Nerve that activates the diaphragm during inspiration [2]

Output: Phrenic nerve

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] "floor" of the nasal cavity [2]

Output: Palate

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Food and fluid passageway inferior to the laryngopharynx [2]

Output: Esophagus

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Flaps over the glottis during swallowing of food [2]

Output: Epiglottis

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Contains the vocal cords [2]

Output: Larynx

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] The part of the conducting pathway between the larynx and the primary bronchi [2]

Output: Trachea

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax [2]

Output: Parietal pleura

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood [2]

Output: Alveolus

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Opening between the vocal folds [2]

Output: Glottis

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity [2]

Output: Concha

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Gas exchanges to and from the pulmonary circuit blood that occur in the lungs (oxygen loading and carbon dioxide unloading) [2]

Output: External respiration

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Exchange of gases to and from the blood capillaries of the systemic circulation (oxygen unloading and carbon dioxide loading) [2]

Output: Internal respiration

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Propels mucus loaded with dust particles, bacteria, and other debris away from the lungs where it can be spat out or swallowed [2]

Output: Cilia

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] Produce mucus [2]

Output: Goblet cells

Anatomy of Blood Vessels & Respiratory System Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] allegory [2]

Output: a work that functions on a symbolic level

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] alliteration [2]

Output: the repetition of initial consonant sounds

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] allusion [2]

Output: a reference contained in a work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] X anapest [2]

Output: a metrical pattern of two unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] antagonist [2]

Output: the force of character tha topposes the main character, the protagonist

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] apostrophe [2]

Output: direct address in poetry. yeat's line "be with me Beauty, for the fire is dying" is a good example

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] aside [2]

Output: words spoken by an actor intended to be heard by the audience but not by other characters on stage

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] X aubade [2]

Output: a love poem set at dawn which bids farewell to the beloved

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ballad [2]

Output: a simple narrative poem, often incorporating dialogue that is written in quatrains, genereally with a rhyme scheme of ABCD

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] blank verse [2]

Output: unrhymed iambic pentameter. most of shakespeare's plays are in this form

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] cacophony [2]

Output: harsh and discordant sounds in a line or a passage of a literary work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] * caesura [2]

Output: a break or pause within a line of poetry indicated by punctuation and used to emphasice meaning

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] catharsis [2]

Output: accordint to aristotle, the release of emotion that the audience of a tragedy experiences pity fear

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] character [2]

Output: one who carries out hte action of the plot in literature. major, minor, static (remains the same), and dynamic (developing) are types of characters.

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] climax [2]

Output: the turning point of action or character in a literary work, usually the highest moment of tension

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] comic relief [2]

Output: the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast iwth the tragic elements of a work, thereby itensifyting hte next tragic event: grave digger scene

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] conflict [2]

Output: a clash between opposing foces in a literary work, such as man vs. man; man vs. nature; man vs. self

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] connotation [2]

Output: the interpretive level of a word based on its associated meaning rather than its leiteral meaning

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] convention [2]

Output: a traditional aspect of a literary ork such as a soliloquy in a shakespearean play or a tragic hero in a greek tragedy

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] couplet [2]

Output: two lines of rhyming poetry; often used by shakespeare to conclude a scene or an important passage

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] denotation [2]

Output: the literarl or dictionary meaning of a word

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] denouement [2]

Output: the conclusion or tying up of loose ends in a literary work; the resolution of the conflict and plot

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] X deus ex machina [2]

Output: a greek invention, literally the god from the machine, who appears at the last moment and resolves the loose ends of the play. today the term refers to anyone, usually of some stature, who untangels, resolves, or reveals the key to the plot of a work.

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] diction [2]

Output: the author's choice of words

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] dramatic monologue [2]

Output: a type of poem that presents a conversation between a speaker and an implied listener

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] elegy [2]

Output: a poem that laments the dead or a loss

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] enjambment [2]

Output: a technique in poetry that involves the running on of a line or stanza. it enables the poem to move and to develop coherence as well as directing the reader with regard to form and meaning.

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] epic [2]

Output: a lengthy, elevated peom that celebrates a hero's exploits

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] epigram [2]

Output: a brief witty poem

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] euphony [2]

Output: the pleasant, melliflous presentation of sounds in a literary work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] exposition [2]

Output: background information presented in a literary work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] fable [2]

Output: a simple symbolic story usually employing animals as characters

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] figurative language [2]

Output: the body of devices that allows the author to operate on levels other than the literal one. metaphor, simile, symbol, motif, hyperbole

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] flashback [2]

Output: a device that enables the author to refer back to past thoughts, events, episodes

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] foot [2]

Output: a metrical unit in poetry; a syllabic measure of line

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] foreshadowing [2]

Output: hints of future events in a literary work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] form [2]

Output: the shape or structure of a literary work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] free verse [2]

Output: poetry without a defined meter, rhyme scheme, or form

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] hyperbole [2]

Output: extreme exaggeration

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] iamb [2]

Output: a metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one; the most common poetic foot in the English language

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] idyll [2]

Output: a type of lyric poetry that expresses the virtues of an ideal time or place

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] image [2]

Output: a verbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] imagery [2]

Output: the total effect of relatied sensory images in a work of literature

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] impressionism [2]

Output: writing that reflects a personal image of a character, event, or concept

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] irony [2]

Output: an unexpected twist or contrast between what happens and what was intended/expected to happen. it involves dialogue and situation, and it can be intentional or unplanned. Dramatic irony centers around the ignorance of htose involved whicle the audience is aware of the circumstances.

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] lyric poetry [2]

Output: a type of poetry characterized by emotion, personal feelings, and brevity; a large and inclusive category of poetry that exhibits rhyme, meter, and reflective thought

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] metaphor [2]

Output: a direct comparison between disimilar things

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] metaphysical poetry [2]

Output: type of poetry that employs extended metaphors and paradoxes to explore highly complex, philosophical ideas: John Donne

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] meter [2]

Output: a pattern of beats in poetry

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] metonymy [2]

Output: a figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea "the pen is mightier than the sward"

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] monologue [2]

Output: a speech given by own character

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] motif [2]

Output: the repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work which is used to develop theme or characters

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] narrative poem [2]

Output: a poem that tells a story

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] narrator [2]

Output: the speaker in a literary work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] octave [2]

Output: an eight line stanza, usually combined with a sestet in a petrarchan sonnet

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] ode [2]

Output: a formal, lengthy poem that celebrates a particular subject

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] onomatopoeia [2]

Output: words that sound like the sound they represent bang bang choo choo

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] oxymoron [2]

Output: an image of contradictory terms (bittersweet, giant economy size, pretty ugly)

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] parable [2]

Output: a story that operates on omore than one level and usually teaches a moral lesson

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] parallel plot [2]

Output: a secondary story line that mimics and reinforces the main plot

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] parody [2]

Output: a comic imitation of a work that ridicules the oriinal

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] pathos [2]

Output: the aspects of a literary work that elicit pity fromthe audience

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] personification [2]

Output: the assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] plot [2]

Output: a sequence of events in a literary work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] point of view [2]

Output: the method of narration in a work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] protagonist [2]

Output: the hero or main character of a literary work; the character the audience sympathizes with

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] quatrain [2]

Output: a four line stanza

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] resolution [2]

Output: the denoument of a literary work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] rhetorical question [2]

Output: a questio nthat does not expect an explicit answer. used to pose an idea to be considred by audience or speaker

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] rhyme/rime [2]

Output: the udplicaion of final syllable sounds in two or more lines

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] rhythm [2]

Output: the rpetitive pattern of beats in poetry

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] romanticism [2]

Output: a style or movement of litearture that has as its foundation an interest in freedom, adventure, idealism, and escape

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] satire [2]

Output: a mode of writing based on ridicule, which criticizes the foibles and follies of society w/o necessarily offering a solution

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sestet [2]

Output: a six line stanza usually paired iwht an octave to form a petrarchan sonnet

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sestina [2]

Output: a highly structure poetic form of 39, written in iambic pentameter. it depends upon the repetition of six words from the first stanza in each of six stanzas

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] setting [2]

Output: the time and place of a literary work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] simile [2]

Output: an indirect comparison that uses the words like or as to link the differing items in the comparison

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] soliloquy [2]

Output: a speech in a play which is used to reveal the character's inner thoughts to the audience

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] sonnet [2]

Output: a 14 line poem with a perscribed rhyme scheme in imambic pentameter

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] spondee [2]

Output: a poetic foot consisting of two accented syllables

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] stage direction [2]

Output: the specific instruction a playwright includes concerning sets, characterization, delivery, etc.

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] stanza [2]

Output: a unit of a poem similar in rhyme, meter, and length to other units in the poem

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] structure [2]

Output: the organizaiton and form of a work

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] style [2]

Output: the unique way an author presents his ideas. diction syntax imagery structure and content all contribute to a particular style

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] subplot [2]

Output: a secondary plot that explores ideas differnt from the main storyline

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] symbol [2]

Output: something in a literary work that stands for something else

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] synecdoche [2]

Output: a figure of speech that uitlizes a part as a representative of a whole "all hands on deck"

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] syntax [2]

Output: the grammatical structure of prose and peotry

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] tercet [2]

Output: a three line stanza

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] theme [2]

Output: the underlying ideas that hte author illustrates through characterization, motifs, language, plot, etc.

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] tone [2]

Output: the author's attitude toward his subject

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] tragic hero [2]

Output: according to aristotle, a basically good person of noble birth or exalted position who has a fatal flaw or commits an error in judgement which leads him to his downfall. The tragic hero must have a moment of realization and live and suffer.

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] understatement [2]

Output: the oppositve of exaggeration. it is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [1] villanelle [2]

Output: a highly structured poetic form that comprises six stanzas: five tercets, and a quatrain. the poem repeats the 1st and 3rd lines throughout.

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A duct that continues from the epididymis serves to transport sperm to the prostatic urethra by peristalic action. [GLOMERULI]

Output: Ductus deferens

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Are contained within the prostate gland. They move downward forward openingn into the prostate uretha at either side of the prostate ureter. [GLOMERULI]

Output: Ejaculory ducts

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Lye on the fondas of the bladder enclosed by endopelvic. Fascia ducts deferens runs along medial surface seminal narrow at the prostatic end and unite with the ductus deferences. [GLOMERULI]

Output: Seminal vesicles

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Surrouonds the nek of the bladder and the proximal part of the urethra and produces a fluid that becomes part of the semen. [GLOMERULI]

Output: Prostate Gland

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Tumor that causes Cushing syndrome or Pheochromocytma [GLOMERULI]

Output: Pathology affecting the Adrenal Glands

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Transurethral Resection of th prostate [GLOMERULI]

Output: TURP

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: CORTEX: Aldosterone and reg salt and water. Androgens sex trlated characteristics and cortisol any hydrocortisone anti inflamitory; regulates metabolism of carbs, fat, protein. MEDULLA epinephrine=adrehaline and norepinephrine fight or flight [GLOMERULI]

Output: Hormones secreted by the Adrenal Glands

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: PHIMOSIS - foreskin non retracting; HYPOSPADIA - urethal opening on the underside; PROSTATE CANCER [GLOMERULI]

Output: Pathology affecting the male reporduction system

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: INGUINAL = Radical Orchiectomy (testies removed) SCROTAL = Vasectomy ABDONIMAL = Pfannenstiel GIBSON= \ FLANK INCISION = Laterial LUMBAR = Lower back [GLOMERULI]

Output: Incisional options

Genitourinary Surgery Chapter 20 Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] claim every day reporters allege stories to be true and present them as fact. [1]

Output: allege


Input: [2] assumptions In reality, they are no more than speculation or theories formed by reporters. [1]

Output: speculation


Input: [2] suffering In addition, sensationalism can also cause anguish, especially to those people mentioned in the stories. [1]

Output: anguish


Input: [2] Media outlets justify their decisions by saying they can only sell high-interest news. [1]

Output: justify


Input: [2] examination Therefore, because of the ways news is used and manipulated, it should always be put under close scrutiny. [1]

Output: scrutiny


Input: [2] point of view In other words, news is provided to us from the perspecitve of the media source. [1]

Output: perspective


Input: [2] valid Therefore, it may not always be legitimate. [1]

Output: legitimate


Input: [2] related Unfortunately, sensationalism often stretches the truth and omits relevant or important facts. [1]

Output: relevant


Input: [2] imagine Suppose new were presented as only hard and dry facts. [1]

Output: suppose


Input: [2] decision As consumers of new we must learn to think critically about the news and the media, and make our own judgment as to what the truth is. [1]

Output: judgment


Input: usually involve the glomerulus. In some cases they involve renal tubules or blood perfusion. NOT REVERSIBLE! [definition of renal failure]

Output: Chronic renal Dx


Input: Inablilty to maintain fluid and elctrolyte homeostasis and a failure to excrete nitrogenous waste. LOW GFR and URINE output. Reversilble. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Acute renal Dx


Input: Pre-renal- affects blood flow Renal- Acute tubular necrosis Post-renal- obstruction [definition of renal failure]

Output: Three types of acute renal dx


Input: Azotemia- retention of nitrogenous waste Uremia-retention of lots of toxins. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Common indicators of ARF


Input: retention of nitrogenous waste either through inability to excrete them or through failure to be delivered to kidney. INC in Waste! [definition of renal failure]

Output: Azotemia


Input: Complex syndrome that occurs when azotemia becomes symptomatic. All ORGANS involved. Endocrines changes, acid base problems, etc. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Uremia


Input: Acute Glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture dx,Chronic Glomerulonephritis, UTI, Renal calculi, Polycystic kidney dx, renal failure. [definition of renal failure]

Output: 7 catergories of renal dx


Input: Proteinuria, Hematuria, Hydrogen Ion Conc, Specific Gravity,GFR, tubular function tests [definition of renal failure]

Output: 6 biochemical assesments to determine renal dysfunction


Input: if greater than 150mg/day BAD! Simple dipstick test that is suggestive of glomerular problem. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Proteinuria


Input: Dipstick test or microscopic exam. Blood in urine is suggestive of UTI or renal dx. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Hematuria


Input: Normal is 4.5-8 thruout day. pH inc post meal but Dec with sleep and fever (metabolic acidosis). Not really helpful for diagnosing. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Hydrogen ion concentration


Input: measure oSm. 1.01-1.025 norm but if dehyd then it can be 1.04. Kidney loses ability to concentrate urine 1st with chronic renal dx. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Specific Gravity


Input: 115-125ml/min but dec with age. Measure with creatinine. BUN also good because when BUN inc GFR will dec. [definition of renal failure]

Output: GFR


Input: Four test: PAH excretion, conc/dilut test, Sodium conc test, and urine acidification tests. Challenge kidneys to determine capacity for secretion and reabs. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Tubular function test


Input: microscopic findings, intravenous pyelogram, retrograde pyleogram, renal angiography, renal biopsy, CT/MRI/ultrasound. [definition of renal failure]

Output: 6 types of morphological test for renal dyfunctoin


Input: RBC (>1 or 2) WBC (3 or 4) Bacteria Cast exam [definition of renal failure]

Output: Microscopic examinations for renal dysfunction


Input: na [definition of renal failure]

Output: Cast Exam


Input: visualize kidney cortex with x-ray. If cortex is thin=glomerulonephritis. If cortex look moth-eaten then it is pyelonephritis and ischemia. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)


Input: catheter advanced up the ureter. Contrast media inj into renal pelvis. Contrast media given then xray taken. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Retrograde pyelogram


Input: Will determine arterial stenosis, prescence of neoplasms, arrangements of arteries and veins. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Renal Angiography


Input: renal tissue taken for micro exam. Can have problems with intrarenal bleeding. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Renal Biopsy


Input: sudden impairment of renal function, oliguria. Etiology not implied. Dec renal function characterized by nitrogenous waste and azotemia. [definition of renal failure]

Output: ARF


Input: usually abnormal blood flow or myocardial dysfunction [definition of renal failure]

Output: Pre-Renal ARF


Input: parenchymal injury [definition of renal failure]

Output: Renal ARF


Input: usually tubular obstruction that interferes with elimination. oliguria. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Post Renal ARF


Input: Pre-renal and Renal [definition of renal failure]

Output: 80-95% of ARF are which types?


Input: fall in urine out put (less than 400ml/day) and dec GFR. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Normal manifestation of ARF


Input: ischemia and nephrotoxic injury. [definition of renal failure]

Output: The 2 broad categories of causes for ARF


Input: 1. kidney must be adequately prefused with blood. 2. kidney must function normally 3.urine formed must be able to leave body [definition of renal failure]

Output: 3 conditions that must prevail for kidney function to be normal


Input: See Notebook! Lots of INFO! [definition of renal failure]

Output: Pre-Renal Pathogenesis


Input: Norm ratio of BUN to Creatinine 10:1 ARF 20:1 [definition of renal failure]

Output: Normal BUN to creatinine ratio vs pre-renal ARF BUN:C


Input: aspirin will inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. PG are vasodilators so ischemia is induced. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Why avoid aspirin with pre-renal ARF


Input: restore adequate volume with whole blood or isotonic fluids. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Best treatment for pre-renal ARF


Input: Hypovolemia, dec vascular filling, heart failure/cardiogenic shock, dec renal perfusion. [definition of renal failure]

Output: four main potential causes of pre-renal ARF


Input: obstruction which result in oliguria or anuria. Sometimes it's partial obstruction. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Post-Renal ARF


Input: leads to polyuria because partial obstruction causes loss of concentrating ability and sodium wasting. [definition of renal failure]

Output: partial obstruction in post renal ARF


Input: bladder (rarely causes arf), the outlet, ureter, prostate. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Levels where obstruction can occur


Input: most common underlying problem in men enlarged prostate. [definition of renal failure]

Output: prostatic hyperplasia


Input: remove obstruction. diuresis and polyuria will occur and fluid replacement is needed. [definition of renal failure]

Output: How to treat obstruction and effects?


Input: acute tubular necrosis [definition of renal failure]

Output: Most Renal Parenchymal dx is caused by


Input: 1.immunological renal dx 2. allergic renal dx 3.obstruction which leads to necrosis 4.ischemia can lead to ATN 5.Toxic substances [definition of renal failure]

Output: 5 mechanisms of renal parenchymal dx


Input: 1.anoxia occurs with tub damage 2.vasoconstriction of pre-glom arterioles with damage 3.damage can led to oliguria All will dec GFR [definition of renal failure]

Output: ATN causes tubular damage by...


Input: accum in proximal tubules and causes mitochondrial damage [definition of renal failure]

Output: cisplatin causes renal damage by


Input: Proximal tubule with it's tubular toxic effects. Has some diuretic effects in addition to it's antibiotic effects so it can dec vol and inc damage. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Gentamicin causes damage where in the kidney?


Input: myglobin in urine associated with rhabdomyolysis or muscle injury. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Myoglobunuria (ATN cause)


Input: pre-renal: >20:1 ATN:>10:1 [definition of renal failure]

Output: BUN:Creatinine ratio in pre-renal oliguria vs. ATN


Input: Pre-renal urine is concentrated. Atn is not. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Urine concentration in pt with pre-renal oliguria vs ATN


Input: Pre: less than 20mEq/L ATN:>40mEq/L [definition of renal failure]

Output: Pre-Renal VS ATN Urinary Sodium


Input: pre-renal: none ATN: +1 [definition of renal failure]

Output: Pre-renal vs ATN urinary protein


Input: Pre:normal ATN:dirty [definition of renal failure]

Output: Pre-renal vs ATN Urinary sediment


Input: neurological manifestations [definition of renal failure]

Output: a consequence of uremia


Input: trauma with blood loss, major loss of fluids, pregnancy can change bp, hypovolemia, anoxia. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Some primary causes of ATN


Input: decline in kidney function due to permanent loss of nephrons [definition of renal failure]

Output: Chronic Kidney Dx


Input: HTN, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, and other kidney dx [definition of renal failure]

Output: Chronic kidney dx can result from


Input: stage 1- >90 stage 2- 60-89 stage 3-30-59 stage 4-15-29 stage 5 less than 15 [definition of renal failure]

Output: 5 stages of kidney dx and their GFR values


Input: no symptoms usually. the symptoms could be the underlying renal dx itself. [definition of renal failure]

Output: stages 1 and 2 of CKD


Input: Dec GFR. all organ systems affected but notable changes are anemia, loss of apetite, abnormalities in ionic, water, and acid base. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Stages 3 and 4 of CKD


Input: toxin accumulate and uremic syndrome occurs. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Stage 5 CKD


Input: GFR less than 15 and accompanied by signs and symptoms or uremia or condition that need a kidney replacement (or dialysis). [definition of renal failure]

Output: Kidney Failure definition


Input: Term NOT syn with KF. end stage is used when pt is treated with dialysis and transplantation. [definition of renal failure]

Output: End Stage renal dx


Input: as many as 90% of nephrons maybe destoryed b4 impairment is seen. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Functional Reserve of kidneys


Input: initiating which is specific to the etiology (immune, toxins, or inflamm) OR progresssive involving hyperfiltration and hypertrophy of viable nephrons. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Mechanism of damage associated with CKD can be two types


Input: monitoring nephron injury and the response to therapy in many forms of CKD. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Albuminuria is helpful to measure what?


Input: Disorders of glomerular function and tubulointerstitual disorders (pyelonephritis). [definition of renal failure]

Output: 2 major types of CKD


Input: infection of kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis [definition of renal failure]

Output: pyelonephritis


Input: intersitial fibrosis, atrophy, mononuclear infiltrates. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Chronic tubulointersitial disorders produce


Input: inability to concentrate urine, polyuria,nocturia,metabolic acidosis and diminished sodium tubular reabsorption. [definition of renal failure]

Output: fluid and electrolyte imbalance in CKD can lead to


Input: Scarring and deformation occurs. Often occurs in people with recurrent UTI or acute polynephritis. Can lead to polyuria/nocturia. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Chronic Polynephritis


Input: associated with recurrent bouts of inflammation and scarring. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Chronic obstructive polynephritis


Input: 10-20% [definition of renal failure]

Output: Chronic polynephritis responsible for what % f ESRD?


Input: age, hydration,renal function, BP and pH of urine. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Kidney's tolerance to drugs can vary with


Input: functional or structural damage after exposure to a drug [definition of renal failure]

Output: Drug-related nephropathies


Input: dec renal blood flow, obstructing urine flow, damaging tublointestitial structure, prd hypersensitivity rxn. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Drug-Related nephropathies can cause damage by..


Input: reduce renal blood flow and cause pre-renal failure. Can cause intersitial nephritis with papillary necrosis. [definition of renal failure]

Output: how can NSAIDS cause drug related nephropathy?


Input: about 2 weeks post exposure and pt will experience fever, eosinophilia, hematuria, mild proteinuria. Can cause tubulointerstitial nephritis which will damage the tubule and interstitium. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Drug-related hypersensitivity rxns present how?


Input: 1. actue prolif glomerulonephritis 2. rapid progressive glomerulonephritis 3.nephrotic syndrome 4.membranous glomerulonephritis 5.minial change dx (lipoid nephrosis) 6.focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 7. chronic glomerulonephritis [definition of renal failure]

Output: seven types of glomerular dx


Input: most take place at basement membrane. Basement membrane thickening, sclerosis, fibrosis. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Cellular changes associated with glomerular dx


Input: 1. dx that cause inflammation of endothelial,mesangial, or epithelial cell of the glomeruli 2. inflammation damages capillary wall and permits rbc and proteins to get into urine. and DEC GFR [definition of renal failure]

Output: potential causes of glomerular dx


Input: lupus, diabetes, and HTN. [definition of renal failure]

Output: glomerular dx can be a manifestation of which three dx?


Input: 1. antibodies against glomerular basement membrane in a LINEAR pattern. 2. antibody-antigen complexes. Type 3 injury. 3. urinary changes 4. mixed nephrotic and nephritic syndromes. def diagnosis needs biopsy. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Major characteristic of glomerulonephritis


Input: proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria, edema, dec gfr, azotemia, oliguria, htn. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Urinary changes in glomerulonephritis


Input: dx of the glomerular basement membrane and inc perm to plasma proteins [definition of renal failure]

Output: Def of Nephrotic sydnrome


Input: Edema, dec in plasma osmotic presure which mean dec ECF which inc RAS. Inc in RAS mean inc in aldosterone so more fluid retention. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Major characteristic of nephrotic syndrome


Input: hypoalbumina, massive proteinuria (more than 3.5gm.day). Hyperlipidia cholesterol (more than 300mg/dl). [definition of renal failure]

Output: More characteristic of nephrotic syndrome


Input: 1.minial change glomerulonephritis (lipoid nephrosis) 2. membraneous glomerulonephritis 3.Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [definition of renal failure]

Output: three types of nephrotic syndromes


Input: glomeruli look normal under light microscope, selective protein loss to lose electroneg charge. Common in children and responds well to steroids. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Characteristics of minimal change glomerulonephritis


Input: Most common type in adults. Caused by thickening GBM due to immune complex deposition. Non-selective protein loss. 1 in 1000 respond to steriod treatment. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Characteristics of membraneous glomerulonephritis


Input: portions of the glomeruli sclerotic. More common in african americans and hispanics. Can be associated with dec oxygen, HIV, drug use. HTN present. Can treat with roids. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Focal Segment Glomerulosclerosis


Input: Acute glomerular inflammation [definition of renal failure]

Output: Nephritic Syndrome


Input: hematuria, oliguria and some proteinuria. Caused by inflammation that occuldes glomerular capillary lumen and damage capillary walls. DEC GFR and retention of salt and water. Edema and HTN. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Characteristic of Nephritic Syndrome


Input: inc vascular volume, elevated peripheral resistance, dec renal vasodilators, inc RAS [definition of renal failure]

Output: HTN manifestations


Input: symmetrical and includes both motor and sensory nerves. Atrophy and demyelination of nerve fibers due to toxic agents and electrolyte abnormalities. [definition of renal failure]

Output: peripheral neuropathy


Input: CNS disturbance. inability to fix attention and loss of memory. [definition of renal failure]

Output: uremic encephalopathy


Input: decomposition of urea by intestinal flora and resulting in high conc of ammonia. [definition of renal failure]

Output: possible cause of nausea and vomitting in pt with CKD?


Input: defective phagocytic function, impaired humoral and cell-mediate immunity, dec granulocytes. Skin and mucosal infection may also be defective. [definition of renal failure]

Output: why infection more likely in pt with CKD?


Input: endocrine derangements, loss of libido due to anemia and dec testoterone. In women it's due to same factors. [definition of renal failure]

Output: causes of impotence for men on dialysis


Input: Amenorrhea [definition of renal failure]

Output: Women on dialysis experience


Input: fluid or semiseolid filled sacs of a dilated nephron. [definition of renal failure]

Output: cystic dx of kidney


Input: 1.simple/acquired 2.medullary cystic dx 3.polycystic dx (autsomal recessive and autosomal dominant). [definition of renal failure]

Output: 3 types of cystic dx


Input: tubular obsruction that inc intratubular pressure. Changes in the basement membrane of renal tubules that predispose to cystic dilation. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Causes of cystic dx


Input: glomerulonephritic, polynephritic, and polycystic dx. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Three main dx that lead to dialysis


Input: cysts are derived from collecting tubule. very rare and common in children. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Recessive polycystic dx


Input: aneurysm, LV hypertrophy, hepatic cyst. [definition of renal failure]

Output: some systemic maifestations associated with polycystic kidney dx


Input: autsomal renal disorders with onset in childhood. Small kidneys with varying number of cyst. Initial insult is in distal tubule with progressive tubular atrophy involving both medulla/cortex. polyuria,polydipsia then salt wasting and growth retard. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Medullary cystic dx complex


Input: common, in cortical region only, asymptomatic, tend to be in ppl over 50. If symptomatic will see HTN, pain, hematuria. [definition of renal failure]

Output: simple/acquired renal cyst


Input: 1. can be insidous, partial or complete. Bi and unilateral. 2.partial occulsion of flow or complete. 3. reversible if resolved. 4. if unresolved can lead to chronic kidney dx [definition of renal failure]

Output: General info about Renal Obstructive disorder


Input: 1.developmental deficits 2.calculi 3.pregnancy 4.Benign prostatic hyperplasia 5.scar tissue 6. neurological disorders (spinal cord injury) [definition of renal failure]

Output: Causes of UT obstruction


Input: 1.predisposes infection and stone formation. Calculi can contribute to infection. 2. develops back pressure that leads to kidney dilation and compresses renal vasculature. atrophy of kidney. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Damaging effects of Urinay obstruction


Input: urine filled dilation of renal pelvis associated with atrophy of kidney due to obstruction [definition of renal failure]

Output: Hydronephrosis


Input: pre-renal failure [definition of renal failure]

Output: acute bilateral obstruction can mimic


Input: inability to concentrate urine. Polyuria and nocturia as well. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Manifestation of partial bilateral obstruction


Input: reduced renal blood flow and stimulation of renin release. [definition of renal failure]

Output: HTN is secondary to what disfunctions?


Input: urinary calculi [definition of renal failure]

Output: Most common cause of upper urinary tract obstruction is what?


Input: 1. pH and ionic strength 2.presence of Nidus for crystal formation 3.deficiency of inhibitors for stone formation. Citrate! [definition of renal failure]

Output: stone formation is dependent on what factors?


Input: Metabolic acidosis, fasting and hyperkalemia. [definition of renal failure]

Output: What causes body to lack citrate?


Input: most common, inc if bone dx, renal tubulat acidosis. [definition of renal failure]

Output: calcium stones


Input: form in alkaline urine and in prescnce of bacteria ( bac splits urea into ammonia and CO2) [definition of renal failure]

Output: Magnesium ammoniun phosphate stones


Input: develop in gout and form in urine if ph is 5-6 [definition of renal failure]

Output: Uric Acid stones


Input: seen in cystinuria (genetic defect) in which renal transport of cystine is dysfunctional. RARE. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Cystine stones


Input: diet, passing, calcium salt supp, thiazide diuretics, cellulose phosphates. Removal can also be done. Antibiotic for infections and treatment of pain with meds. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Treatment for stones


Input: 1.washout phenom 2.Mucin layer is protective. 3.IgA immune response. Local and secretory. 4.Normal flora 5.prostate secretion in men [definition of renal failure]

Output: Protective mechanisms of the kidney against UTI infections


Input: Estrogen [definition of renal failure]

Output: What hormone is important in Mucin and normal flora prd?


Input: E.Coli and Urethra [definition of renal failure]

Output: Most common cause of UTI and most common entry path


Input: asymptomatic symptomatic lower UTI (cystitis) Upper UTI (pyelonephritis) [definition of renal failure]

Output: 4 types of UTI


Input: stones, prostatic hyperplasis, pregnancy, malformations of ureterovesical junction. Inc P results in reflux. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Causes of UTI assosiated with stasis of urine flow (anatomical)


Input: neurogenic bladder, infrequent voiding, detrusor instability, constipation. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Causes of UTI assosiated with stasis of urine flow (functional)


Input: when urine from urethra moves into bladder. interrupted voiding, coughing, squatting. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Urethrovesical Reflux


Input: occurs ar level of bladder to kidney. Short intravesical ureter. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Vesicoureteral Reflux


Input: erythtopoietin, renin, calcitrol [definition of renal failure]

Output: hormones produced by kidneys


Input: area where the late thick ascending limb of the distal tubulr passes between the afferent and efferent arterioles at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle. [definition of renal failure]

Output: juxtaglomerular apparatus


Input: Granule cells-seceret renin Extraglomerular mesangial cells-continous with those in b.capsule Macula Densa cells- senses sodium in lumen of nephron at end on tubule.controls gfr and renin. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Cells with function in the JGA


Input: moving substances into lumen from capillaries [definition of renal failure]

Output: tubular secretion


Input: moving substances into capil from lumen. [definition of renal failure]

Output: tubular reabsorption


Input: 125ml/min [definition of renal failure]

Output: normal GFR


Input: 1.1L/min [definition of renal failure]

Output: Renal blood flow


Input: Mean pressure of renal artery vs renal vein Resistance [definition of renal failure]

Output: two main factors that affect RBF


Input: hydraulic permeablity of capillaries, SA of capill, and net filtration pressure. [definition of renal failure]

Output: GFR is set by 3 factors


Input: GFR * plasma concentration. The filtered load is what is presented to the nephron to handle. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Concept of filtered load


Input: broad term for a collection of mechanisms thru which renal blood flow and GFR are kept constant across a wide range systemis arterial pressure. [definition of renal failure]

Output: autoregulation


Input: excretion of salt and water is strongly regulated by GFR. and GFR is strongly regulated by arterial pressure. [definition of renal failure]

Output: why is autoregulation necessary?


Input: myogenic response and tubuloglomerular feedback. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Mechanisms of autoregulation


Input: as MAP goes up, smooth muscle in the walls of the arteriloes are stretched and this induces constriction which induces inc vascular resistance. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Myogenic response


Input: intrarenal process through which the distal tubules affect GFR. MAcula densa cells responsd to sodium levels in d.tubule. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Tubuloglonerular feedback


Input: high na in the d.tubule release transmitter agents from JGA. these agents loower GFR by constricting afferent arteriole. Also contract glomerular mesangial cells to dec capill SA. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Mechanism of tubuloglomerular feedback


Input: clearance= urine conc * (volume per unit time/plasma conc of s) [definition of renal failure]

Output: Renal clearance equation


Input: 1. freely filtered 2.not reabsorbed 3.not secreted 4.not synth in tubulues 5.not metab by tubules [definition of renal failure]

Output: In order to provide an accurate measure of GFR a compound must meet the following criteria (5)


Input: it's secreted by tubules in small amt [definition of renal failure]

Output: creatintine meets all the criteria for GFR measurement except


Input: transcellular and paracellular [definition of renal failure]

Output: two mechanisms of reabsorption


Input: 1.sodium pumped into interstitial space. 2. sodium enters epithelial cells from lumen of tubule 3.there is an electr and osm gradient 4. sodium,anions, and water from interstitium move into peritubular capill [definition of renal failure]

Output: Transcellular reabsorption


Input: urea, potassium, chloride, calcium, magneium. [definition of renal failure]

Output: major substances reabsorbed thru paracellular reabs


Input: transport mechanism which can reach an upper limit because transporters are saturated. At saturation inc plasma conc does not mean inc excretion. [definition of renal failure]

Output: tubular maximum limited system


Input: transport mechanism where limit is reached because of leaky junctions. substances leak back into lumen of tubule. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Gradient limited system


Input: H, K, anions and foreign chemicals. [definition of renal failure]

Output: substances that are heavily secreted


Input: active transport, usually coupled with sodium [definition of renal failure]

Output: Tubular secretion requires


Input: abnomality in the Na/glucose co transporter that mediates reabs of glucose in prox tubule. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Familial Renal Glucosuria


Input: reabsorb most the filtered water and non-waste solutes. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Proximal tubule main role


Input: water: 2850ml salt:8.5g [definition of renal failure]

Output: total daily intake of water and salt


Input: are freely filtered and undergo considerable reabsorp but no secretion. [definition of renal failure]

Output: both salt and water


Input: 1. Osmolarity gradient 2. reabsorption of organic nutrients by co-transport 3.secretion of hydrogen ion by countertransport 4. reabs of chloride by indirect cotransport. [definition of renal failure]

Output: four mechanism by which reabsorption of sodium drives reabs of other substances


Input: Prox tubule highly perm to water, iso-osmotic volume reabs, [definition of renal failure]

Output: How is Osm not changes in the prox tubule throughout these processes?


Input: aquaporins. When aquaporins are present water reabs is high and urine conc is increased. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Vasopressin (ADH) stimulates insertion of....


Input: can contain less than 1% water. So urine is very hyperosmotic to plasma. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Urina concetration when there is maximal reabs...


Input: thin- uses na/cl co-transporters to move salt thick-uses diffusion BOTH IMPERM to water! [definition of renal failure]

Output: Thin ascending vs thick ascending limg in loop


Input: no salt reabs but highly perm to water [definition of renal failure]

Output: Descending limb


Input: uses symport. transport salt out of lumen (like ascending limg) but is imperm to water. [definition of renal failure]

Output: Distal convuluted tubule


Input: direction of gravity (always center of earth) [line of force]

Output: line of gravity

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: angle formed between a tendon of a muscle and the long axis of the bones to which it inserts [line of force]

Output: Angle of insertion

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: point that gravity acts on "balance point" -Dot indicating the balance point of the segment [line of force]

Output: Center of Mass

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: opposing forces are equal and no motion is occurring [line of force]

Output: Static Linear Equilibrium

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: in contrast to translation, describes a motion in which an assumed rigid body moves in a circular path around some pivot point. [line of force]

Output: Rotational Force

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: describes a linear motion in which all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every other part of the body . Ex: a point on the head moves in a general curvilinear manner. [line of force]

Output: Translational Force

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: flexion and extension [line of force]

Output: Movements in Sagittal plane

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: adduction and abduction lateral flexion [line of force]

Output: Movements in frontal plane

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: internal (medial) and external (lateral) rotation. Axial rotation [line of force]

Output: Horizontal Plane

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Bones rotate around a joint that is perpendicular to an axis of rotation. The axis is typically located in the convex member of the joint. The should allows movement in 3 planes so it has 3 axis of rotations. [line of force]

Output: Axis of Rotation

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Can be considered a rotary equivalent to a force. Torque= force x moment arm. torque rotates an object around an axis of raotation. Torque is the tendency of a force to rotate the body to which it is applied.Torque is always specified with regard to the axis of rotation. It is equal to the magnitude of the component of the force lying in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, multiplied by the shortest distance between the axis and the direction of the force component. Torque is the force that affects rotational motion; the greater the torque, the greater the change in this motion. Whereas,force is the agency that alters the direction, speed, or shape that a body would exhibit in the absence of any external influence.It is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction. Force is commonly explained in terms of Newton's laws of motion. All known natural forces can be traced to the fundamental interactions. Force is measured in newtons (N). [line of force]

Output: Torque

Chapter 1 kinesiology Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: What is the function of the axon?

Output: The axon carries impulse to other neurons or to the effectors; the directioni of travel is away from the cell body.

Karci's Nervous System Neuron Review Flashcards - Cram.com

The Central Nervous System(CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS).


Input: What is the All or None Theory?

Output: The neuron either responds to stimuli (threshold was reached), or not at all.

Karci's Nervous System Neuron Review Flashcards - Cram.com

The Central Nervous System(CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS).


Input: What is action potential and when does occur?

Output: Action potential is the rapid reversal of charge across the axon membrane. The membrane is being depolarized, when an impulse travels through.

Karci's Nervous System Neuron Review Flashcards - Cram.com

The Central Nervous System(CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS).


Input: What is the synapse?

Output: The space between a neuron's axon on its target for transmission. Also called the synaptic cleft.

Karci's Nervous System Neuron Review Flashcards - Cram.com

The Central Nervous System(CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS).


Input: What is the difference between pre- and postsynaptic neurons?

Output: Presynaptic neurons are before the cleft, and postsynaptic occur after the cleft.

Karci's Nervous System Neuron Review Flashcards - Cram.com

The Central Nervous System(CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS).


Input: What is saltatory conduction?

Output: The impulse or travel down a myelinated axon.

Karci's Nervous System Neuron Review Flashcards - Cram.com

The Central Nervous System(CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS).


Input: What is the difference between sensory, inter-, and motor neurons? Define all three.

Output: a)Sensory neurons begin with a sense organ or receptor, and carry impulses to the CNS. b)Interneurons connect other neurons together(eg. sensory and motor). They are found in the CNS. c)Motor neurons recieve impulses from the CNS and carry them to the effectors like muscles, tissues, or glands.

Karci's Nervous System Neuron Review Flashcards - Cram.com

The Central Nervous System(CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS).


Input: What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

Output: The Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between Schwann cells in the Myelin sheath that speed up transmission.

Karci's Nervous System Neuron Review Flashcards - Cram.com

The Central Nervous System(CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS).


Input: What three steps must all neural pathways include?

Output: 1. Reception 2. Transmission 3. Processing

Karci's Nervous System Neuron Review Flashcards - Cram.com

The Central Nervous System(CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS).


Input: demand supported by the ability to pay for a good or service [demand]

Output: effective demand

Chapter 2 Demand in a Market Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: total demand in a market for a good, the sum of all individuals' demand, at each given price [demand]

Output: market demand

Chapter 2 Demand in a Market Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: `falls in the quantity demanded caused by rises in prices [demand]

Output: contractions in demand

Chapter 2 Demand in a Market Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: increases in demand caused by fall in price [demand]

Output: extensions in demand

Chapter 2 Demand in a Market Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: goods or services that will see an increase in demand when incomes rise [demand]

Output: normal goods

Chapter 2 Demand in a Market Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: goods or services that will see demand fall when income rises [demand]

Output: inferior goods

Chapter 2 Demand in a Market Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: goods that are consumed together, for example bread and butter, or DVDs and DVD players [demand]

Output: complementary products

Chapter 2 Demand in a Market Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a good that is demanded for more than one purpose so that an increase in demand for one purpose reduces the available supply for the other purpose, typically leading to higher prices, eg milk used in butter and cheese [demand]

Output: composite demand

Chapter 2 Demand in a Market Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when the demand for one good or service comes from the demand for another good or service. The demand for cars stimulates the demand for steel, therefore the demand for steel is derived demand [demand]

Output: derived demand

Chapter 2 Demand in a Market Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a work that functions on a symbolic level [1]

Output: allegory

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the repetition of initial consonant sounds [1]

Output: alliteration

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a reference contained in a work [1]

Output: allusion

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a metrical pattern of two unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable [1]

Output: X anapest

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the force of character tha topposes the main character, the protagonist [1]

Output: antagonist

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] direct address in poetry. yeat's line "be with me Beauty, for the fire is dying" is a good example [1]

Output: apostrophe

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] words spoken by an actor intended to be heard by the audience but not by other characters on stage [1]

Output: aside

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a love poem set at dawn which bids farewell to the beloved [1]

Output: X aubade

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a simple narrative poem, often incorporating dialogue that is written in quatrains, genereally with a rhyme scheme of ABCD [1]

Output: ballad

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] unrhymed iambic pentameter. most of shakespeare's plays are in this form [1]

Output: blank verse

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] harsh and discordant sounds in a line or a passage of a literary work [1]

Output: cacophony

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a break or pause within a line of poetry indicated by punctuation and used to emphasice meaning [1]

Output: * caesura

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] accordint to aristotle, the release of emotion that the audience of a tragedy experiences pity fear [1]

Output: catharsis

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] one who carries out hte action of the plot in literature. major, minor, static (remains the same), and dynamic (developing) are types of characters. [1]

Output: character

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the turning point of action or character in a literary work, usually the highest moment of tension [1]

Output: climax

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast iwth the tragic elements of a work, thereby itensifyting hte next tragic event: grave digger scene [1]

Output: comic relief

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a clash between opposing foces in a literary work, such as man vs. man; man vs. nature; man vs. self [1]

Output: conflict

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the interpretive level of a word based on its associated meaning rather than its leiteral meaning [1]

Output: connotation

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a traditional aspect of a literary ork such as a soliloquy in a shakespearean play or a tragic hero in a greek tragedy [1]

Output: convention

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] two lines of rhyming poetry; often used by shakespeare to conclude a scene or an important passage [1]

Output: couplet

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the literarl or dictionary meaning of a word [1]

Output: denotation

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the conclusion or tying up of loose ends in a literary work; the resolution of the conflict and plot [1]

Output: denouement

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a greek invention, literally the god from the machine, who appears at the last moment and resolves the loose ends of the play. today the term refers to anyone, usually of some stature, who untangels, resolves, or reveals the key to the plot of a work. [1]

Output: X deus ex machina

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the author's choice of words [1]

Output: diction

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a type of poem that presents a conversation between a speaker and an implied listener [1]

Output: dramatic monologue

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a poem that laments the dead or a loss [1]

Output: elegy

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a technique in poetry that involves the running on of a line or stanza. it enables the poem to move and to develop coherence as well as directing the reader with regard to form and meaning. [1]

Output: enjambment

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a lengthy, elevated peom that celebrates a hero's exploits [1]

Output: epic

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a brief witty poem [1]

Output: epigram

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the pleasant, melliflous presentation of sounds in a literary work [1]

Output: euphony

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] background information presented in a literary work [1]

Output: exposition

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a simple symbolic story usually employing animals as characters [1]

Output: fable

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the body of devices that allows the author to operate on levels other than the literal one. metaphor, simile, symbol, motif, hyperbole [1]

Output: figurative language

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a device that enables the author to refer back to past thoughts, events, episodes [1]

Output: flashback

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a metrical unit in poetry; a syllabic measure of line [1]

Output: foot

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] hints of future events in a literary work [1]

Output: foreshadowing

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the shape or structure of a literary work [1]

Output: form

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] poetry without a defined meter, rhyme scheme, or form [1]

Output: free verse

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] extreme exaggeration [1]

Output: hyperbole

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one; the most common poetic foot in the English language [1]

Output: iamb

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a type of lyric poetry that expresses the virtues of an ideal time or place [1]

Output: idyll

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a verbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion [1]

Output: image

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the total effect of relatied sensory images in a work of literature [1]

Output: imagery

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] writing that reflects a personal image of a character, event, or concept [1]

Output: impressionism

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] an unexpected twist or contrast between what happens and what was intended/expected to happen. it involves dialogue and situation, and it can be intentional or unplanned. Dramatic irony centers around the ignorance of htose involved whicle the audience is aware of the circumstances. [1]

Output: irony

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a type of poetry characterized by emotion, personal feelings, and brevity; a large and inclusive category of poetry that exhibits rhyme, meter, and reflective thought [1]

Output: lyric poetry

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a direct comparison between disimilar things [1]

Output: metaphor

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] type of poetry that employs extended metaphors and paradoxes to explore highly complex, philosophical ideas: John Donne [1]

Output: metaphysical poetry

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a pattern of beats in poetry [1]

Output: meter

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea "the pen is mightier than the sward" [1]

Output: metonymy

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a speech given by own character [1]

Output: monologue

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work which is used to develop theme or characters [1]

Output: motif

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a poem that tells a story [1]

Output: narrative poem

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the speaker in a literary work [1]

Output: narrator

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] an eight line stanza, usually combined with a sestet in a petrarchan sonnet [1]

Output: octave

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a formal, lengthy poem that celebrates a particular subject [1]

Output: ode

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] words that sound like the sound they represent bang bang choo choo [1]

Output: onomatopoeia

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] an image of contradictory terms (bittersweet, giant economy size, pretty ugly) [1]

Output: oxymoron

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a story that operates on omore than one level and usually teaches a moral lesson [1]

Output: parable

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a secondary story line that mimics and reinforces the main plot [1]

Output: parallel plot

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a comic imitation of a work that ridicules the oriinal [1]

Output: parody

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the aspects of a literary work that elicit pity fromthe audience [1]

Output: pathos

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts [1]

Output: personification

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a sequence of events in a literary work [1]

Output: plot

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the method of narration in a work [1]

Output: point of view

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the hero or main character of a literary work; the character the audience sympathizes with [1]

Output: protagonist

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a four line stanza [1]

Output: quatrain

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the denoument of a literary work [1]

Output: resolution

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a questio nthat does not expect an explicit answer. used to pose an idea to be considred by audience or speaker [1]

Output: rhetorical question

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the udplicaion of final syllable sounds in two or more lines [1]

Output: rhyme/rime

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the rpetitive pattern of beats in poetry [1]

Output: rhythm

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a style or movement of litearture that has as its foundation an interest in freedom, adventure, idealism, and escape [1]

Output: romanticism

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a mode of writing based on ridicule, which criticizes the foibles and follies of society w/o necessarily offering a solution [1]

Output: satire

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a six line stanza usually paired iwht an octave to form a petrarchan sonnet [1]

Output: sestet

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a highly structure poetic form of 39, written in iambic pentameter. it depends upon the repetition of six words from the first stanza in each of six stanzas [1]

Output: sestina

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the time and place of a literary work [1]

Output: setting

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] an indirect comparison that uses the words like or as to link the differing items in the comparison [1]

Output: simile

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a speech in a play which is used to reveal the character's inner thoughts to the audience [1]

Output: soliloquy

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a 14 line poem with a perscribed rhyme scheme in imambic pentameter [1]

Output: sonnet

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a poetic foot consisting of two accented syllables [1]

Output: spondee

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the specific instruction a playwright includes concerning sets, characterization, delivery, etc. [1]

Output: stage direction

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a unit of a poem similar in rhyme, meter, and length to other units in the poem [1]

Output: stanza

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the organizaiton and form of a work [1]

Output: structure

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the unique way an author presents his ideas. diction syntax imagery structure and content all contribute to a particular style [1]

Output: style

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a secondary plot that explores ideas differnt from the main storyline [1]

Output: subplot

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] something in a literary work that stands for something else [1]

Output: symbol

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a figure of speech that uitlizes a part as a representative of a whole "all hands on deck" [1]

Output: synecdoche

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the grammatical structure of prose and peotry [1]

Output: syntax

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a three line stanza [1]

Output: tercet

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the underlying ideas that hte author illustrates through characterization, motifs, language, plot, etc. [1]

Output: theme

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the author's attitude toward his subject [1]

Output: tone

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] according to aristotle, a basically good person of noble birth or exalted position who has a fatal flaw or commits an error in judgement which leads him to his downfall. The tragic hero must have a moment of realization and live and suffer. [1]

Output: tragic hero

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] the oppositve of exaggeration. it is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended. [1]

Output: understatement

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [2] a highly structured poetic form that comprises six stanzas: five tercets, and a quatrain. the poem repeats the 1st and 3rd lines throughout. [1]

Output: villanelle

Glossery of terms AP 12 ihaha Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A flashing red light means stop.

Output: Ahead the stoplight is flashing red. You know to....

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: Green = Go Red = Stop Yellow = Slow or stop

Output: When seen in a stoplight Green means_____________ Red means_______________ Yellow means____________

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: Use your lightw between sunset and sun rise.

Output: Headlights must be turned on between what two times?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: Use your parking lights only when parked.

Output: When is it legal to use parking lights?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: A flashing yellow light means proceded with caution.

Output: What would you do for a flashing yellow light?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: A steady yellow light means slow and stop.

Output: The steady yellow light is shining in the stoplight. You see it so you begin to..

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: With a green arrow, you can turn without stopping.

Output: A green arrow is showing together with a red traffic light? Is it OK to turn without stopping?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: It's illegal ( NOT LEGAL ) to use bright or fog lightw when passing cars.

Output: Is it legal or Illeagle to have bright lights or intense fog lights on when passing other vehicles?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: The basic rule says to: drive safely and adjust to road conditions.

Output: What does the basic rule say about driving and speed

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: To get attention. Honk your horn Flash your lights

Output: Name 2 ways to let other drivers know where you are.

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: White lines often mean a bike lane or the side of the road. They should be crossed only with caution.

Output: What do solid white lines mean?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: 2 solid yellow lines mean no passing for both directions of travel.

Output: What do 2 solid yellow lines mean?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: A broken connector line means one or more lines traveling in opposite directions.

Output: A broken yellow center line means...

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: Diagional lines mean islands or fixed objects in the road.

Output: If you see yellow diagonal lines ahead, what do they mean?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: The color of the lines on roads can tell you which direction traffic moves.

Output: How does the color of the lines on roads help you?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: Solid yellow means a no passing zone.

Output: What do solid yellow lines mean?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: White dashed lines mean speed lanes going the same direciton.

Output: What do white dashed lines mean?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: Driving devensively means avoiding accidents caused by other drivers or poor conditions.

Output: When you drive defenseively it means that you ........

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: Around schools you drive 20 Miles per hour

Output: You are driving past Miller Elementary school. How fast should you be driving?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: In business area drive 20 Miles per hour.

Output: All around the car you see one business after another. How fast can you drive in a business area?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: You are driving defensively when you avoid accidents in spite of others mistakes.

Output: When you drive to avoid accidents inspite of other drivers mistakes or poor driving conditions, how are you driving?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: You should be 2 seconds behind is a good safety decision.

Output: How many seconds behind a car should you be under normal conditions?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: A ambualance must stop for a school bus with red lights.

Output: Which red light must even a ambualance stop for?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: In residental areas drive 25 miles per hour.

Output: You don't see a speed sign but you are in a residental area. You must drive _____ miles per hour

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: rural intersatate--65 MPH

Output: How fast should you drive on a rural inerstate? On a interstate the city (urban)?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: The basic rule states that you must drive reasonably and carefully at all times.

Output: What rule states that you must drive reasonably,carefully,and prudently at times on all roads and highways?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: in a park--drive 25 MPH

Output: How fast should you drive in a park?

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: TRUE only if you stay on the pavement, you can pass on the right if the guy in front is turning left.

Output: You can pass on the right when the car in front is turning left if you stay on the pavement. T or F

Oregon Drivers Permit Questions Flashcards - Cram.com

What color of arrow means right of way into the intersection, and after looking for traffic proceed.


Input: List the three types of pay the Navy uses.

Output: The three types of pay are— a. Basic b. Incentive c. Special

Basic Military Requirements (Chapter 17 - Financial and Stress Management) Flashcards - Cram.com

The main difference between pay and allowance is that pay is taxable income and allowance is nontaxable income.


Input: What system is used to deposit Navy personnel paychecks?

Output: The Navy uses the Direct Deposit System (DDS) to deposit personnel paychecks.

Basic Military Requirements (Chapter 17 - Financial and Stress Management) Flashcards - Cram.com

The main difference between pay and allowance is that pay is taxable income and allowance is nontaxable income.


Input: As an E-4, you have served more than 4 years of active-duty service. How often will you receive a longevity raise?

Output: When you have served more than 4 years of active-duty service, you will receive a longevity raise every 2 years.

Basic Military Requirements (Chapter 17 - Financial and Stress Management) Flashcards - Cram.com

The main difference between pay and allowance is that pay is taxable income and allowance is nontaxable income.