Input: [Primary intervention] 65-death erikson

Output: ego integrity vs despair

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] psychoanalysis

Output: go deep into childhood

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] psychotherapy

Output: less intense and less deep, should be a part of outpatient

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] cognitive therapy

Output: challenge the negativity

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] Behavioral modification

Output: consequences for inappropriate behavior and rewards for good behavior

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] therapeutic groups

Output: groups that go into issues

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] 201

Output: agree to inpatient treatment 72 hour notice

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] 302

Output: involuntary

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] criteria for admission for 302

Output: inability to care for self, threat to suicide, threat of homicide, mutilation of self

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] how long is a 302 in the hospital

Output: atleast 5 days

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] length of 303

Output: 20 more days

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] length of 304

Output: 90 more days

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] length of 305

Output: 180 more days

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] ethics

Output: right or wrong

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] values

Output: personal beliefs

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] rights

Output: things we are entitled to

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] beneficence

Output: doing good

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] nonmaleficence

Output: do no harm

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] autonomy

Output: self sufficient independent

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] justice

Output: fairness

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] veracity

Output: truth telling

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] reveal aspects of case resulting in harm

Output: breach of confidentiality

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] communication that is malicious and false

Output: defamation of character

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] libel

Output: written defamation

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] slander

Output: verbal defamation

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [Primary intervention] mandated reporter

Output: care providers must report suspected or actual abuse

Mental Health: Frameworks Flashcards - Cram.com

interventions that promote mental health or reduce the incidences of illness


Input: [raw data] population

Output: the entire group of objects or individuals under study, about which information is wanted

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] unit

Output: an individual object or person in the population

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] subjects

Output: The units are often called this if the population consists of people

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] sample

Output: a part of the population that is actually used to get information

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] variable

Output: a characteristic of interest to be measured for each unit in the sample

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] data set

Output: A collection of observations on one or more variables is called a?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] qualitative variables

Output: raw data that consists of group or category names

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] nominal variables

Output: If the category names do not necessarily have a logical ordering Examples: eye color, country of residence.

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] ordinal variables

Output: If the category names do have a logical ordering Examples: highest educational degree earned, shirt size (S, M, L, XL)

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] quantitative variables

Output: raw data that consists of numerical values taken on each individual, have numerical values that are measurements (length, weight, and so on) or counts (of how many)

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] discrete

Output: variable is one for which you can count the number of possible values Example: the number of correct answers on a multiple-choice test

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] continuous

Output: variable can take on any value within a given interval. Example: the amount of water poured into a 50-ml glass container.

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] explanatory; response

Output: In general, the value of the ___________ variable for an individual is thought to partially explain the value of the ________ variable for that individual.

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] distribution

Output: provides the possible values that a variable can take on and how often these possible values occur

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] pie chart

Output: displays the distribution of a qualitative variable by dividing a circle into wedges corresponding to the percentage of items in that category

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] bar graph

Output: displays the distribution of a qualitative variable by listing the categories of the variable along one axis and drawing a bar over each category with a height (or length) equal to the percentage of items in that category

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] 1. Nominal 2. Ordinal

Output: Two types of Qualitative Variables?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] 1. Discrete 2. Continuous

Output: Two Types of Quantitative Variables?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] between 6 to 15

Output: How many equally spaced intervals are good for a histogram?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] frequencies

Output: count

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] relative frequencies

Output: proportion

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] dotplot

Output: displays a dot for each observation along a number line

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] stem

Output: contains all but the last of the displayed digits of a number

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] leaf

Output: the last of the displayed digits of a number

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] Overall pattern and for striking deviations from that pattern

Output: Two things to look for in any graph of data?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] Shape, center, and spread

Output: Three things that describe the overall pattern?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] outlier

Output: an individual value that falls outside the overall pattern

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] symmetric

Output: if the right and left sides of the histogram are approximately mirror images of each other

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] skewed to the right

Output: if the right side of the histogram (containing the half of the observations with the larger values) extends much farther out than the left side

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] skewed to the left

Output: if the left side of the histogram extends much farther out than the right side

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] Symmetric, bell-shaped, unimodal

Output: Normal shape of distribution?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] time plot

Output: plots each observation against the time at which it was measured

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] Whether a distribution is changing over time

Output: What does a time plot help determine?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] mean

Output: average value in a data set

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] median

Output: midpoint of a distribution

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] not a resistant measure of center

Output: Because the mean cannot resist the influence of extreme observations, we say that it is?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] resistant

Output: The median is this to extreme observations?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] exactly the same

Output: The mean and median of a symmetric distribution are?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] both a measure of center and a measure of spread

Output: The simplest useful numerical description of a distribution consists of?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] range

Output: high value - low value

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] interquartile range (IQR)

Output: upper quartile - lower quartile

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] lower quartile

Output: median of data values that are below the median

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] upper quartile

Output: median of data values that are above the median

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] lower quartile Q1

Output: the median of the observations whose position in the ordered list is to the left of the location of the overall median

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] upper quartile Q3

Output: the median of the observations whose position in the ordered list is to the right of the location of the overall median

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] five-number summary

Output: consists of the smallest observation, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the largest observation, written in order from smallest to largest

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] k^th percentile

Output: a number that has k% of the data values at or below it and (100-k)% of the data values at or above it

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] outliers

Output: In a dataplot, points represented by asterisks are considered to be?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] interquartile range

Output: Q3 - Q1

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: [raw data] No

Output: Are fences sketched on a boxplot?

numbers and/or category labels that have been collected (measured) but have not yet been processed in any way


Input: Why are several digestive enzymes secreted as zymogens? [glucose]

Output: so they can only act in the stomach lumen and do not digest intracellular proteins


Input: in startvation, kidneys synthesize glucose by.. [glucose]

Output: deaminating amino acids


Input: organ that stores excess glucose and releases it later into the blood: [glucose]

Output: liver


Input: which bile component has digestive function? [glucose]

Output: bile salts


Input: pancreatic enzymes that are secreted in response to the hormone? [glucose]

Output: CKK


Input: which nutrient is absorbed by lacteals of small intestine? [glucose]

Output: triglycerides


Input: which is not a component of pancreatic juice? trypsinogen, pepsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, sodium bicarbonate [glucose]

Output: pepsinogen


Input: true or false? Rugae absorbtive surface in small intestine? [glucose]

Output: false


Input: Intestinal crypts of small intestine are similar to ____of the stomach? [glucose]

Output: gastric pits


Input: Peptidases break down? [glucose]

Output: proteins


Input: SGLP: [glucose]

Output: transports glucose and sodium from intestinal lumen into epithelial cells


Input: amino acids and monosaccharides and fatty acids are absorbed in the? [glucose]

Output: small intestine


Input: Lecithin and bile acids prepare fats for hydrolysis by forming? [glucose]

Output: emulsification droplets


Input: proteins are digested by different enzymes in this sequence? [glucose]

Output: pepsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase


Input: Transport lipids to surface of intestinal absorptive cells? [glucose]

Output: micelles


Input: Micelles process lipids into... [glucose]

Output: chylmicrons


Input: abundent classes of nutrients: [glucose]

Output: fats, proteins, and carbohydrates


Input: T or F bacteria flora digest most of proteins we get in our diet? [glucose]

Output: false


Input: by-product of protein catabolisim and constitutes approx. 50% of nitrogenous waste? [glucose]

Output: urea


Input: true or false?cardiovascular system doesn't excrete waste? [glucose]

Output: true


Input: true or false?kidney releases waste into the bloodstream [glucose]

Output: false


Input: is collecting duct consitute an organ of urinary system? [glucose]

Output: no!


Input: fatty acids are catabolized by a process called: [glucose]

Output: beta oxidation


Input: last structure in urine flow? [glucose]

Output: urethra


Input: outermost structure of kidney [glucose]

Output: capsule


Input: pyramids are areas located within which part of kidney? [glucose]

Output: medulla


Input: structure which receives filtrate from glomerulus is: [glucose]

Output: bowman capsule


Input: which vessel direct blood into glomerulus? [glucose]

Output: distal convoluted tobule


Input: innermost connective tissue layer protecting kidney and assisting in startving off infection is known as: [glucose]

Output: fibrous capsule


Input: a single lobe of kidney is comprised of? [glucose]

Output: one pyrmaid and overlying cortex


Input: trace blood flow from renal artery into renal cortex: [glucose]

Output: segmental a.->interlobular a. ->arcuate a->interlobular a.


Input: transition from afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the: [glucose]

Output: glomerulus


Input: how many nephrons in the kidney? [glucose]

Output: 1.2 million


Input: _____ in the urine would most like suggest trauma to the kidneys but not the bladder. [glucose]

Output: albuminuria


Input: does the liver produce insulin and glucagon? [glucose]

Output: no


Input: major part of the aqueous component of pancreatic juice: [glucose]

Output: bicarbonate ions


Input: function of bile? [glucose]

Output: emulsifies fat


Input: inner layer of intestine is: [glucose]

Output: mucosa


Input: enzymes that digest protein: [glucose]

Output: carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, pepsin, trypsin


Input: macronutrients include: [glucose]

Output: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water


Input: ___constitute "bad cholesterol" [glucose]

Output: low density lipo proteins


Input: high HDL and Low LDL is? [glucose]

Output: healthies ratio


Input: reaction for aerobic respiration: [glucose]

Output: C6H12O6-> 6CO2+6H2O


Input: Product of glycolysis: [glucose]

Output: pyruvic acid


Input: most of bodys fat is stored as: [glucose]

Output: triglycerids


Input: urine producing portion of the kidney is the: [glucose]

Output: nephron


Input: liver converts ammonia to: [glucose]

Output: urea


Input: inner lighter colored portion of the kidney: [glucose]

Output: medulla


Input: outer, reddish brown portion of the kidney: [glucose]

Output: cortex


Input: spherical structure where primary urine is produces, consisting of capillary network and two conering layers of epithelial cells: [glucose]

Output: renal corpuscle


Input: filtration apparatus of the kidney consists of a layer of glomerular endothelial cells and a layer of visceral epithelial cells seperated by a thick: [glucose]

Output: glomerular basement membrane


Input: capillary network from which primary filtrate of urine is derived is called: [glucose]

Output: glomerulus


Input: product of nucleic acid catabolism: [glucose]

Output: uric acid


Input: lympahtic capillary located in center of villus is called: [glucose]

Output: lacteal


Input: presenece of blood in urine is called: [glucose]

Output: hematuria


Input: the entire group of objects or individuals under study, about which information is wanted [raw data]

Output: population


Input: an individual object or person in the population [raw data]

Output: unit


Input: The units are often called this if the population consists of people [raw data]

Output: subjects


Input: a part of the population that is actually used to get information [raw data]

Output: sample


Input: a characteristic of interest to be measured for each unit in the sample [raw data]

Output: variable


Input: A collection of observations on one or more variables is called a? [raw data]

Output: data set


Input: raw data that consists of group or category names [raw data]

Output: qualitative variables


Input: If the category names do not necessarily have a logical ordering Examples: eye color, country of residence. [raw data]

Output: nominal variables


Input: If the category names do have a logical ordering Examples: highest educational degree earned, shirt size (S, M, L, XL) [raw data]

Output: ordinal variables


Input: raw data that consists of numerical values taken on each individual, have numerical values that are measurements (length, weight, and so on) or counts (of how many) [raw data]

Output: quantitative variables


Input: variable is one for which you can count the number of possible values Example: the number of correct answers on a multiple-choice test [raw data]

Output: discrete


Input: variable can take on any value within a given interval. Example: the amount of water poured into a 50-ml glass container. [raw data]

Output: continuous


Input: In general, the value of the ___________ variable for an individual is thought to partially explain the value of the ________ variable for that individual. [raw data]

Output: explanatory; response


Input: provides the possible values that a variable can take on and how often these possible values occur [raw data]

Output: distribution


Input: displays the distribution of a qualitative variable by dividing a circle into wedges corresponding to the percentage of items in that category [raw data]

Output: pie chart


Input: displays the distribution of a qualitative variable by listing the categories of the variable along one axis and drawing a bar over each category with a height (or length) equal to the percentage of items in that category [raw data]

Output: bar graph


Input: Two types of Qualitative Variables? [raw data]

Output: 1. Nominal 2. Ordinal


Input: Two Types of Quantitative Variables? [raw data]

Output: 1. Discrete 2. Continuous


Input: How many equally spaced intervals are good for a histogram? [raw data]

Output: between 6 to 15


Input: count [raw data]

Output: frequencies


Input: proportion [raw data]

Output: relative frequencies


Input: displays a dot for each observation along a number line [raw data]

Output: dotplot


Input: contains all but the last of the displayed digits of a number [raw data]

Output: stem


Input: the last of the displayed digits of a number [raw data]

Output: leaf


Input: Two things to look for in any graph of data? [raw data]

Output: Overall pattern and for striking deviations from that pattern


Input: Three things that describe the overall pattern? [raw data]

Output: Shape, center, and spread


Input: an individual value that falls outside the overall pattern [raw data]

Output: outlier


Input: if the right and left sides of the histogram are approximately mirror images of each other [raw data]

Output: symmetric


Input: if the right side of the histogram (containing the half of the observations with the larger values) extends much farther out than the left side [raw data]

Output: skewed to the right


Input: if the left side of the histogram extends much farther out than the right side [raw data]

Output: skewed to the left


Input: Normal shape of distribution? [raw data]

Output: Symmetric, bell-shaped, unimodal


Input: plots each observation against the time at which it was measured [raw data]

Output: time plot


Input: What does a time plot help determine? [raw data]

Output: Whether a distribution is changing over time


Input: average value in a data set [raw data]

Output: mean


Input: midpoint of a distribution [raw data]

Output: median


Input: Because the mean cannot resist the influence of extreme observations, we say that it is? [raw data]

Output: not a resistant measure of center


Input: The median is this to extreme observations? [raw data]

Output: resistant


Input: The mean and median of a symmetric distribution are? [raw data]

Output: exactly the same


Input: The simplest useful numerical description of a distribution consists of? [raw data]

Output: both a measure of center and a measure of spread


Input: high value - low value [raw data]

Output: range


Input: upper quartile - lower quartile [raw data]

Output: interquartile range (IQR)


Input: median of data values that are below the median [raw data]

Output: lower quartile


Input: median of data values that are above the median [raw data]

Output: upper quartile


Input: the median of the observations whose position in the ordered list is to the left of the location of the overall median [raw data]

Output: lower quartile Q1


Input: the median of the observations whose position in the ordered list is to the right of the location of the overall median [raw data]

Output: upper quartile Q3


Input: consists of the smallest observation, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the largest observation, written in order from smallest to largest [raw data]

Output: five-number summary


Input: a number that has k% of the data values at or below it and (100-k)% of the data values at or above it [raw data]

Output: k^th percentile


Input: In a dataplot, points represented by asterisks are considered to be? [raw data]

Output: outliers


Input: Q3 - Q1 [raw data]

Output: interquartile range


Input: Are fences sketched on a boxplot? [raw data]

Output: No


Input: [Account balance] APR

Output: The percentage of the principal of a loan to be paid as interest in one year. Differs from an add-on rate in that an APR is calculated on the declining balance of the loan. The Truth in Lending Act requires lenders to disclose APRs to prospective borrowers.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Bankruptcy

Output: Bankruptcy is a legal status of an insolvent person or an organisation, that is, one who cannot repay the debts they owe to creditors. In most jurisdictions bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Bond

Output: A certificate of indebtedness issued by a government or a publicly held corporation, promising to repay borrowed money to the lender at a fixed rate of interest and at a specified time

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Budget

Output: A spending-and-savings plan

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Capital Gain

Output: A profit realized from the sale of property, stocks or other investments.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Collateral

Output: Something of value (often a house or a car) pledged by a borrower as security for a loan. If the borrower fails to make payments on the loan, the collateral may be sold; proceeds from the sale may then be used to pay down the unpaid debt.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Copayment

Output: a payment made by a beneficiary (esp. for health services) in addition to that made by an insurer.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Credit Card

Output: a small plastic card issued by a bank, business, etc., allowing the holder to purchase goods or services on credit.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Debit Card

Output: a card issued by a bank allowing the holder to transfer money electronically to another bank account when making a purchase

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Deductible

Output: Regarding insurance policies: A set amount an insured person must pay per loss before the insurance company will pay a claim.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Dividend

Output: A share of a company's net profits paid to stockholders.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Finance Charge

Output: The total cost of credit, including interest and transaction fees.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Fixed APR

Output: An interest rate on a credit card that does not change unless the cardholder fails to pay on time.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Insurance

Output: A practice or arrangement whereby a company provides a guarantee of compensation for specified forms of loss

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Interest

Output: money paid regularly at a particular rate for the use of money lent, or for delaying the repayment of a debt

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Installment Credit

Output: credit for a fixed sum to be repaid in instalments, e.g. for hire purchase.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Minimum Balance

Output: the lowest amount of funds that can be in your account before incurring a service charge.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Mutual Fund

Output: A pool of money used by a company to purchase a variety of stocks, bonds or money market instruments. Provides diversification and professional management for investors.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Premium

Output: An amount to be paid for an insurance policy.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Principle

Output: An original amount of money invested or lent.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Proportional Tax

Output: A tax that takes the same percentage of income from people in all income groups.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Progressive Tax

Output: A tax that take a larger percentage of income from people in higher-income groups than from people in lower-income ones; the U.S. federal income tax is an example.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Regressive Tax

Output: A tax that takes a larger percentage of income from people in lower-income groups than from higher-income ones. Sales taxes and excise taxes are examples.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Revolving Credit

Output: credit that is automatically renewed as debts are paid off.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Security Deposit

Output: An amount you may be required to pay, usually at the beginning of the lease, that may be used by the lessor or assignee in the event of default or at the end of the lease to offset any amounts you owe under the lease agreement. Any remaining amount may be refunded to you.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Stock

Output: An ownership share or shares of ownership in a corporation.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [Account balance] Variable APR

Output: The variable APR (expressed in yearly terms) fluctuates based on an index, such as the Prime Rate or LIBOR.

The amount of money in an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that point in time for that account. also called balance.


Input: [economic buyers] economic needs

Output: needs concerned with making the best use of a consumer's time and oney

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] needs

Output: the basic forces that motivate a person to do something

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] wants

Output: "needs that are learned during a person's life

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] drive

Output: strong stimulus that encourages action to reduce a need

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] physiological needs

Output: biological needs-food, rest, liquid

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] safety needs

Output: concerned with protection and physical well-being (health, financial security, medicine, exercise)

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] social needs

Output: concerned with love, friendship, status, and esteem

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] personal needs

Output: needs for personal satisfaction

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] perception

Output: how we gather and interpret information from the world around us

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] selective exposure

Output: our eyes and minds seek out and notice only information that interest us

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] selective perception

Output: we screen out or modify ideas, messages, and information that conflict with our previously learned attitudes and beliefs

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] selective retention

Output: we remember only what we want to remember

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] learning

Output: a change in a person's though process caused by prior experience

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] cues

Output: products, signs, ads, and other stimuli in the environment

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] response

Output: an effort to satisfy a drive

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] reinforcement

Output: the learning process occurs when the response is followed by satisfaction

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] attitude

Output: a person's point of view toward something

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] belief

Output: a person's opinion about something

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] expectation

Output: an outcome or event that a person anticipates or looks forward to

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] Trust

Output: The confidence a person has in the promises or actions of another person.

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] Psychographics (lifestyle analysis)

Output: the analysis of a person's day to day pattern of living as expressed in that person's activities, interest, and opinions (AIO dimensions)

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] social class

Output: a group of people who have approximately equal social position as viewed by others in society

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] reference group

Output: the people to whom an individual looks when forming attitudes about a particular topic

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] opinion leader

Output: a person who influences others

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] culture

Output: the whole set of beliefs attitudes and ways of doing things of a reasonably homogenous set of people

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] extensive problem solving

Output: they put much effort into deciding how to satisfy a need

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] limited problem solving

Output: some effort is required in deciding the best way to satisfy a need

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] routinized response behavior

Output: regularly selecting a specific way of satisfying a need when it occurs

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] low-involvement purchases

Output: purchases that have little importance or relevance for the customer

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] dissonance

Output: feeling of uncertainty about whether the correct decision was made

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: [economic buyers] adoption process

Output: awareness, interest, evaluation, trial decision, confirmation

people who know all the facts and logically compare choices to get the greatest satisfaction.


Input: drugs that influence the conduction of electrical impulses. [chronotropic drugs]

Output: dromotropic drugs

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the proportion of blood that is ejected during each ventricular contraction compared with the total ventricular filling volume. [chronotropic drugs]

Output: Ejection fraction

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An abnormal condition in which cardiac pumping is impaired as a result of myocardial infarction,ischemic heart disease, or cardiomyopathy [chronotropic drugs]

Output: heart failure

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: drugs that influence the force or energy of muscular contractions. [chronotropic drugs]

Output: inotropic drugs

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a common cardiac dysrhythmia involving atrial contractions that are so rapid that they prevent full repolarization of myocardial fibers between heartbeats. [chronotropic drugs]

Output: Atrial fibrillation

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: increase in the heart rate [chronotropic drugs]

Output: positive chronotropic

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: enhance the conduction of electrical impulses in the heart [chronotropic drugs]

Output: positive dromotropic

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the toltal amount of blood in the ventricle immediately before it contracts, or the preload [chronotropic drugs]

Output: left ventricular end-diastolic volume

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: this is the period during which the cardiac cell is readjusting its sodium and potassium levels and cannot be depolarized again [chronotropic drugs]

Output: refractory period

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 65% of the total volume in the ventricle is: [chronotropic drugs]

Output: ejection fraction

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: reduced heart rate [chronotropic drugs]

Output: negative chronotropic

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: digoxin decreases automaticity at the SA node causing a: [chronotropic drugs]

Output: negative dromotropic effect

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: if the apical pulse is less than 60 digoxin should be: [chronotropic drugs]

Output: given

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Promotion of ____ improves blood circulation [chronotropic drugs]

Output: diuresis

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: digoxin _____ stroke volume [chronotropic drugs]

Output: increases

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: used in the treatment of heart failure and supraventricular dysrhythmias [chronotropic drugs]

Output: cardiac glycosides

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: diuresis through the kidney relieves: [chronotropic drugs]

Output: SOB pulmonary edema

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: most pronounced adverse effect of digoxin is: [chronotropic drugs]

Output: green yellow visual halos

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: obstruction in the left ventricle below the aortic valve [chronotropic drugs]

Output: subaortic stenosis

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: what needs to be monitored during digoxin therapy: [chronotropic drugs]

Output: dig level potassium level apicial pulse

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a potassium level that is 6.0 indicates: [chronotropic drugs]

Output: digitoxicity

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: treatment of digitoxicity [chronotropic drugs]

Output: discontinue digoxin administration monitor v/s and labs administer digoxin immune Fab

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the antidote for digoxin is [chronotropic drugs]

Output: digoxin immune Fab

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: loop diuretics and laxatives concurrently given with digoxin can: [chronotropic drugs]

Output: increase digoxin produce hypokalemia

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: low potassium in blood [chronotropic drugs]

Output: hypokalemia

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: food contraindicated with digoxin is [chronotropic drugs]

Output: bran

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: food that decreases the absorption of digoxin [chronotropic drugs]

Output: bran

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a loading dose of digoxin is [chronotropic drugs]

Output: 1 to 1.5

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: loading dose of digoxin is called [chronotropic drugs]

Output: digitalizing

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: hypokalemia indicates [chronotropic drugs]

Output: digoxin toxicity

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: digoxin level should be between: [chronotropic drugs]

Output: 0.5 to 2.0

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Low potassium level indicates [chronotropic drugs]

Output: digoxin toxicity

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Potassium level should be between: [chronotropic drugs]

Output: 3.5 to 5.0

Positive Inotropic Drugs Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A specialized cell that responds to a particular type of energy. [sensation]

Output: receptor cell

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The least amount of energy that can be detected as a stimulation 50 percent of the time. [sensation]

Output: absolute threshold

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: An adjustment of the senses to the level of stimulation they are receiving. [sensation]

Output: adaptation

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time. [sensation]

Output: difference threshold or just-noticeable difference (jnd)

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The principle that the jnd for any given sense is a constant fraction or proportion of the stimulation being judged. [sensation]

Output: Weber's law

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The transparent protective coating over the front part of the eye. [sensation]

Output: cornea

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A small opening in the iris through which light enters the eye. [sensation]

Output: pupil

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The colored part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil. [sensation]

Output: iris

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The transparent part of the eye behind the pupil that focuses light onto the retina. [sensation]

Output: lens

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The lining of the eye containing receptor cells that are sensitive to light. [sensation]

Output: retina

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The area of the retina that is the center of the visual field. [sensation]

Output: fovea

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Receptor cells in the retina responsible for night vision and perception of brightness. [sensation]

Output: rods

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Receptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision. [sensation]

Output: cones

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Neurons that have only one axon and one dendrite; in the eye, these neurons connect the receptors on the retina to the ganglion cells. [sensation]

Output: bipolar cells

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The ability to distinguish fine details visually. [sensation]

Output: visual acuity

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Increased sensitivity of rods and cones in darkness. [sensation]

Output: dark adaptation

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Decreased sensitivity of rods and cones in bright light. [sensation]

Output: light adaptation

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sensory experience that occurs after a visual stimulus has been removed. [sensation]

Output: afterimage

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Neurons that connect the bipolar cells in the eyes to the brain. [sensation]

Output: ganglion cells

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The bundle of axons of ganglion cells that carries neural messages from each eye to the brain. [sensation]

Output: optic nerve

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The place on the retina where the axons of all the ganglion cells leave the eye and where there are no receptors. [sensation]

Output: blind spot

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The point near the base of the brain where some fibers in the optic nerve from each eye cross to the other side of the brain. [sensation]

Output: optic chiasm

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Specialized brain cells that only respond to particular elements in the visual field such as movement or lines of specific orientation. [sensation]

Output: feature detectors

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The process of mixing lights of different wavelengths to create new hues. [sensation]

Output: additive color mixing

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The theory of color vision that holds that all color perception derives from three different color receptors in the retina (usually red, green, and blue receptors). [sensation]

Output: trichromatic theory

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Partial or total inability to perceive hues. [sensation]

Output: color blindness

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Theory of color vision that holds that three sets of color receptors (yellow-blue, red-green, black-white) respond to determine the color you experience. [sensation]

Output: opponent-process theory

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A psychological experience created by the brain in response to changes in air pressure that are received by the auditory system. [sensation]

Output: sound

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Changes in pressure caused when molecules of air or fluid collide with one another and then move apart again. [sensation]

Output: sound waves

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The number of cycles per second in a wave; in sound, the primary determinant of pitch. [sensation]

Output: frequency

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Auditory experience corresponding primarily to frequency of sound vibrations, resulting in a higher or lower tone. [sensation]

Output: pitch

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The magnitude of a wave; in sound, the primary determinant of loudness. [sensation]

Output: amplitude

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The quality or texture of sound; cause by overtones. [sensation]

Output: timbre

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Membrane across the opening between the middle ear and inner ear that conducts vibrations to the cochlea. [sensation]

Output: oval window

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Part of the inner ear containing fluid that can vibrate, which in turn causes the basilar membrane to vibrate. [sensation]

Output: cochlea

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear that responds to vibrations; it contains sense receptors for sound. [sensation]

Output: basilar membrane

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Structure on the surface of the basilar membrane that contains the receptor cells for hearing. [sensation]

Output: organ of Corti

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The bundle of axons that carries signals from each ear to the brain. [sensation]

Output: auditory nerve

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The smell center of the brain. [sensation]

Output: olfactory bulb

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chemicals that communicate information to other organisms through smells. [sensation]

Output: pheromones

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Structures on the tongue that contain the receptor cells for taste. [sensation]

Output: taste buds

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Senses of muscle movement, posture, and strain on muscles or joints. [sensation]

Output: kinesthetic senses

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Receptors that sense muscle stretch and contraction. [sensation]

Output: stretch receptors

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Receptors that sense movement of the tendons, which connect muscles to bone. [sensation]

Output: Golgi tendon organs

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The senses of equilibrium and body position in space. [sensation]

Output: vestibular senses

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The theory that a "neurological gate" in the spinal cord controls the transmission of pain messages to the brain. [sensation]

Output: gate-control theory

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The theory that the interaction of biological, psychological, and cultural factors influences the intensity and duration of pain. [sensation]

Output: biopsychosocial theory

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The brain's interpretation of sensory information so as to give it meaning. [sensation]

Output: perception

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A tendency to perceive objects as stable and unchanging despite changes in sensory stimulation. [sensation]

Output: perceptual constancy

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: The perception of an object as the same size regardless of the distance from which it is viewed. [sensation]

Output: size constancy

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A tendency to see an object as the same shape no matter what angle it is viewed from. [sensation]

Output: shape constancy

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Visual cues requiring the use of one eye. [sensation]

Output: monocular cues

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Visual cues requiring the use of both eyes. [sensation]

Output: binocular cues

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Monocular distance cue in which one object, by partly blocking a second object, is perceived as being closer. [sensation]

Output: interposition

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Monocular distance and depth cues that involve the convergence of lines, the haziness of images, and the relative elevation of objects. [sensation]

Output: perspective

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Monocular cue to distance and depth based on the fact that objects seen at greater distances appear to be smoother and less textured. [sensation]

Output: texture gradient

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Monocular cue to distance and depth based on the fact that shadows often appear on the part of objects that are more distant. [sensation]

Output: shadowing

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Monocular distance cue in which objects closer than the point of visual focus seem to move in the direction opposite to the viewer's moving head, and objects beyond the focus point appear to move in the same direction as the viewer's head. [sensation]

Output: motion parallax

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Combination of two retinal images to give a three-dimensional perceptual experience. [sensation]

Output: stereoscopic vision

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Binocular distance cue based on the difference between the images cast on the two retinas when both eyes are focused on the same object. [sensation]

Output: retinal disparity

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A visual depth cue that comes from muscles controlling eye movement as the eyes turn inward to view a nearby stimulus. [sensation]

Output: convergence

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cue to sound location that requires just one ear. [sensation]

Output: monaural cue

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Cue to sound location that involves both ears working together. [sensation]

Output: binaural cue

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Our awareness of how we think, feel, perceive, and experience the world. [sensation]

Output: consciousness

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mental state that encompasses the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that occur when we are awake and reasonably alert. [sensation]

Output: waking consciousness

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Mental states that differ noticeably from normal waking consciousness. [sensation]

Output: altered state of consciousness

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Apparently effortless shifts in attention away from the here and now into a private world of make-believe. [sensation]

Output: daydreams

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A regular biological rhythm with a period of approximately 24 hours. [sensation]

Output: circadian rhythm

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sleep stage characterized by rapid-eye movements and increased dreaming. [sensation]

Output: REM (paradoxical) sleep

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Non-rapid-eye-movement stages of sleep that alternate with REM stages during the sleep cycle. [sensation]

Output: non-REM (NREM) sleep

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep throughout the night. [sensation]

Output: insomnia

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep and are remembered. [sensation]

Output: nightmares

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Frightening, often terrifying dreams that occur during NREM sleep from which a person is difficult to awaken and doesn't remember the content. [sensation]

Output: night terrors

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Sleep disorder characterized by breathing difficulty during the night and feelings of exhaustion during the day. [sensation]

Output: apnea

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Hereditary sleep disorder characterized by sudden nodding off during the day and sudden loss of muscle tone, often following moments of emotional excitement. [sensation]

Output: narcolepsy

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Vivid visual and auditory experiences that occur primarily during REM periods of sleep. [sensation]

Output: dreams

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chemical substances that change moods and perceptions. [sensation]

Output: psychoactive drugs

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A pattern of drug use that diminishes the ability to fulfill responsibilities at home, work, or school; that results in repeated use of a drug in dangerous situations; or that leads to legal difficulties related to drug use. [sensation]

Output: substance abuse

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A pattern of compulsive drug-taking that results in tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, or other specific symptoms for at least a year. [sensation]

Output: substance dependence

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chemicals that slow down the action of the nervous system and its associated behaviors and cognitive processes. [sensation]

Output: depressants

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chemicals that speed up the action of the nervous system and its associated behaviors and cognitive processes. [sensation]

Output: stimulants

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Chemicals that produce a significant disruption in waking consciousness. [sensation]

Output: hallucinogens

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Any of the various methods of concentration, reflection, or focusing of thoughts undertaken to suppress the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. [sensation]

Output: meditation

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Trancelike state in which a person responds readily to suggestions. [sensation]

Output: hypnosis

Chapter 3 - Sensation, Perception, and Conscious Experience Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: if a mistake concerns the future market value or quality of the object of the contract *normally contract is enforceable EX: violin sold for cheap but later is found to be rare and worth much more. seller can't later demand more *reason: value is variable and depends on time, place, etc [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Mistake of value or quality

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: mutual mistake made by both of the contracting parties EX: surveyer made a mistake in amount/placement of land or word/term subject to more than one interpretation [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Bilateral (mistake of fact)

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a mistake made by only one of the parties about a material fact *normally does not give mistaken party any relief and the contract is enforceable EX: V selling motorhome. Types offer and mistypes price but B accepts - bound contract [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: unilateral (mistake of fact)

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) if the other party to the contract knows or should have known that a mistake of fact was made 2) a mathematical mistake made inadvertently and without gross (extreme) negligence. Clerical error must be readily provable [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: exceptions to a contract with a unilateral mistakes of fact contracts being enforceable

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: 1) A misrepresentation of a material fact must occur -can occur by words or actions 2) There must be ab intent to deceive 3) The innocent party must justifiably rely on the misrepresentation [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Elements of Fraudulent Misrepresentation

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: When a naive purchaser relies on a so-called expert's opinion, the innocent party may be entitled to rescission or reformation (equitable remedy granted by a court in which the terms of a contract are altered to reflect the true intentions of these parties - see Ch 18) [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Cases when opinions can be fraud

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -can occur by words or actions -statements of opinion and representations of future facts (predictions) are generally not subject to claims of fraud - a seller of goods is allowed to use puffery to sell his or her wares without liability for fraud [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Misrepresentation

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: when a party takes specific action to conceal a fact that is material to the contract [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Misrepresentation by Concealment

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -ordinarily does not entitle a party to relief from a contract -at common law people are assumed to know state and local ordinances EXCEPTIONS -when the misrepresenting party is in a profession that is known to require greater knowledge of the law than the average citizen possesses. [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Misrepresentation of Law

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a contract cannot be set aside because certain pertinent information is not volunteered -however, if the purchaser asks you and you lie, you have committed a fraudulent misrepresentation [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Misrepresentation by Silence

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -If the seller knows of a serious potential problem that could not reasonably be suspected by the buyer, the seller may have a duty to speak -seller must disclose only "latent" defects (defects that could not readily discovered) -when parties are in a fiduciary relationship (one of trust ex: attorney and their client), there is a duty to disclose materail facts; failure to do so may constitute fraud [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Exceptions to the Misrep by Silence

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: A duty to disclose information may also arise in an employment context when the employer either misrepresents or conceals info from a prospective employee during the hiring process (ex: fraudulent misrepresentation about a company's financial health) [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Duty to Prospective Employees

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: "guilty knowledge" -second element of fraud: knowledge on the part of the misrepresenting party that facts have been falsely represented *signifies an intent to deceive* [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: scienter

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: If a person makes a statement that she or he believes to be true but that actually misrepresents material facts (not guilty of fraud) -the aggrieved party can rescind the contract but usually cannot seek damages [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: innocent misrepresentation

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: a party will make a misrepresentation through carelessness believing the statement is true. If a person fails to exercise reasonable care in uncovering or disclosing the facts or does not use the skill and competence that her or his business or profession requires -equal to scienter -treated as fraudulent misrepresentation (even though it wasn't purposeful) [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: negligent misrepresentation

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: the deceived party must haev a justifiable reason for relying on the misrepresentation, and the misrepresentation must be an important factor (but not necessarily the sole factor) in inducing that party to enter into the contract [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: justifiable reliance

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -Showing of injury is not required when the action is to rescind the contract (this just returns parties to the positions they held before the contract was made) -To recover damages caused by fraud, proof of an injury is universally required *courts can also award punitive damages (intended to punish the defendant) or exemplary damages [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Injury to the innocent party

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -arises from special kinds of relationships in which one party can greatly influence another party, thus overcoming that party's FREE WILL -lacks voluntary consent and is therefore voidable -there must be clear and convincing evidence that the person did not act out of her or his free will [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: undue influence

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: -when the principal in a confidential relationship benefits from that relationship, a presumption of undue influence arises -the dominant party must exercise the utmost good faith in dealing with the other party -when a contract enriches the dominant party, the court will often presume that the contract was made under undue influence [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: the presumption of undue influence

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: forcing a party to do something, including entering into a contract, through fear created by threats (blackmail/extortion count too) -a defense to the enforcement of a contract and a ground for the rescission of a contract [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: duress

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: threatening someone to exercise a legal right, ordinarily is not illegal and usually does not constitute duress [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: The Threatened Act Must Be Wrongful or Illegal

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: economic need is generally not sufficient to constitute duress, even when one party exacts a very high price for an item that the other party needs - if the party exacting the price creates the need, economic duress may be found [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: Economic Duress

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: contracts written exclusively by one party and presented to the other party on a take-it-or-leavei-it basis. *often use standard forms [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: adhesion contracts

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: often contain fine-print provisions that shift a risk naturally borne by one party to the other -often used by life insurance policies, residential leases, loan agreements, and employment agency contracts *to avoid enforcement of the contract or of a particular clause, the aggrieved party must show that the parties had substantially unequal bargaining positions and that enforcement would be manifestly unfair or oppresive [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: standard form contracts

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: Section of the Uniform Commercial Code applies only for the sale of goods but courts have broadened the concept and applied it in other situations [Mistake of fact (categories)]

Output: unconscionability (broad)

Ch 14: Mistakes, Fraud, and Voluntary Consent (contracts) Flashcards - Cram.com


Input: [Open Communication System] Closed Communication System. Characteristics: calls cannot be combined to produce new sounds. Calls are reflexive in that they are automatic responses to specific stimuli

Output: NONHUMAN, animal-based language system which implements the call system to convey meaning. (limited number of sounds taht are produced in response to specific stimuli) Characteristics on next slide...

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] NO! ALL world languages are capable of conveying meaning in an equal manner although some cultures tend to stress different areas of linguistic focus.

Output: Are some languages superior to others?

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] morpheme

Output: Minimal linguistic form (usually a word) with meaning; the smallest part of an utterance that has a definite meaning

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] phoneme

Output: Smallest sound contrast that serves to distinguish meaning; units of sound that lack meaning in themselves; they are the smallest sound contrasts that distinguish meaning

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] capacity to convey information about a thing that is not acpresent; the ability to send or receive a message without direct sensory conditions or events to which the message refers

Output: Displacement

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Between 5-6,000 spoken world languages

Output: How many spoken languages are there in the world today?

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Mutual Comprehensibility and historical linguistics

Output: How do we distinguish between two languages

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Whether or not people can understand eachother. If they can, they speak the same language. If not the speak different languages.

Output: Mutual Comprehensibility

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Branch of anthropological linguistics which attempts to find out how languages are related and how they came to merge together/break apart from one another

Output: Historical Linguistics

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] NO! ALL world languages are equally able to convey complex thoughts. The number of phonemes found in a language does not bear any impact on that language's ability to convey complex thoughts

Output: Do the number of sounds used by a particular language influence its ability to convey complex thoughts?

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Different languages impact the way you think, perceive, and experience reality and time in the world around you.

Output: Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Pastoralism and farming emerged and spread TOGETHER in the Old world as INTERRELATED parts of a pattern of increasing human intervention in nature.

Output: Which came first, pastoralism or farming?

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] 1. Farming creates a high energy system with food SURPLUS 2. Allows for the existence of a larger population (increases the carrying capacity from 1/3) 3. Allows for populations to live CLOSER to eachother

Output: Why did our foraging forebears give up their way of life and settle down as farmers?

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] 1. Rise of formal government 2. Lack of self-governing yourself 3. Longer work hours 4. less varied diets 5. increase of infections 6. environmental damage

Output: Negatives of farming

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Farming allowed for a greater surplise of food to be produced, allowing for population size to expand and the carrying capacity of society to thusly be increased.

Output: Why did human populations increase after people setteled down as farmers?

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Prolonged lactation: women continued to breastfedd children up to 4 years after birth to avoid consequent pregnancy to avoid population inrease

Output: What mechanisms kept a check on population growth before farming?

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Not based on intensive use of resources, land, labor or capital. Requires lots of fallow land. Land is cleared by cutting down the forest, allowing it to dry and then burning it so that it may later be used for farming purposed. The ash from the fires provides pesticide-free fertilizer for growing crops

Output: Horticulture(slash-burn farming)

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] modern form of cultivation that IS based on intensive use of resrouces, land, labor, and capital. Land is used INTENSELY and EXTENSIVELY through the use of animal labo and irrigation.

Output: Intensive agriculture

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] 1. destruction of finite natural environment 2. political subordination 3. differntail access to strategic rerouces 4. increaseing rates of infection/disease 5. longer working hours 6. less varied diets 7. Higher surplus causes the surplus going to STATE as a form of tax. Used to support people who are not direct producers.

Output: Consequences of intensive agriculture

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Increase in labor output to produce greater yields without expanding the amount of land used

Output: Intensification

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Found in arid areas of the OLD world (North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, Europe, and Asia) where agricultural production is not possible. Pastoralists use animals to convert useless vegetation into things they can use (blood, meat, milik, yogurt, butter, cheese)

Output: Where is pastoralism found

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Nomadic Pastoralism

Output: Type of pastoralism in which the ENTIRE group and animal herd moves together YEARLY. Must trade with farmers for food. Ex: bassiri of Iran

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Transhumant pastoralism

Output: Type of pastoralism in which animal husbandry AND farming are present and only PART of the group moves with the herd while the rest remain at the village to raise the crops

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Cattle and sheep. New world relied on llamas and alpacas

Output: What animals did Old world Pastoralists rely upon?

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] 1. allows use of grasslands, savannas, tundra, where plants are indigesti ble by people. 2. Subsistence risk reduciton: animals serve as a trade leverage (insurance) to buy crops elseware in times of drought 3. mobility: livestock can be moved ot areas of fresh pastures, sources of water, away from aggressive neigbors, and out of reach of tax hungry governments who want to have nomads settle down

Output: 3 benefits of herding

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] 1. environmental constraints: cannot raise livestock in tropical forests that lack forage. 2. Livestock disease 3. In areas where cultivation can be carried out, agriculture is MORE PRODUCTIVE than pastoralism per unit of land.

Output: 3 limitations of herding

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] As you go up the food chain, only 10% of energy from the pervious level is avaiable for energy in the next.

Output: Ten-percent rule

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Fictive kinship

Output: Type of arrangement found in hunter-gatherer bands in which society members are related to one another through marriage or circumstance and are treated as stand-in-kin (family) although they may be from neighboring Hunter-gatherer bands and not of direct blood relation

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Economy

Output: Set of institutionalized activities which combine natural resources, human labor, and technology to acquire, produce and distribute materal goods and specialized services in a STRUCTURED and REPETITIVE fashion

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] type of exchange eocnomy found in hunter-gathering socities and other pre-agricultural societies in which goods are exchanged on an informal basis without keeping track of what is given to whom and/or who oews what to whom.

Output: Reciprocity

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Found in hunter-gatherer bands and is imbedded within the context of family/kinship based relationships. All members are considered part of an egalitarian society so all goods consumed and resources used are considered to be equal property of all in the community

Output: In what sort of relationships is reciprocity embedded

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Non-kin based trading system: members of different bands or villages regard eachother as metaphorical kin with whom they trade exclusively

Output: Trade-parternships

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Hunter-gatherer/pre-agricultural societies: want to buy something illegal which is banned but you need to know you won't get in trouble. Leave stuff in a spot and the other group takes goods. No face-to-face communication

Output: Silent Trade

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] The Kula (Trade partnership) : Trobriand Islanders exchange shell neckalces in a circular fashion. Value of necklace based on time in circulation and previous ownership.

Output: The Kula and its economic and social functions

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] accumulate of large amounts of labor products produced by different individuals in a central place, where they are sorted and counted and then given away to producers and non-producers alike.

Output: Redistribution

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] 1. Egalitarian redistribution: redistributor lacks the power to coerce followers into intensifying production and must depend on goodwill. 2. stratified redistribution: redistributor has the power to coerce and workers depend on his good will. Based on POLITICAL CONTROL. Invovles a class of RULERS who have the POWER to compel others to do their bidding.

Output: Two types of redistribution:

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Allows certain populations access to large sums of money and resources while simultaneously denying others access to that same material wealth.

Output: How does redistribution generate prestige?

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] it allows for the control of power in society. Government decides which groups will thrive and which will plunder.

Output: How does redistribution reflect adjustment to particular technological and ecological factors

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Barter Market

Output: System of economic exchange in which goods or services are directly exchanged for other goods and services WITHOUT using a medium of exchange such as money.

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] almost all modern societies today use currency to exchange goods/services and those that still partake in a barter market economy often are not modern, market type economies.

Output: Why is the Barter Market limited

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] 1. Large populations 2. Informal transactions 3. currency driven (all transactions for goods/services are quantifiable)

Output: Characteristics of price markets

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Attaining a high level of value in the market economy

Output: How does one gain prestige in 21st century U.S

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] Political economy

Output: Term for production and exchange because economic relationships entail power relations enforced by sales coercive arm

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] market where goods are bought and sold with money, distributed, minted and printed by the state

Output: Price-market exchange

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: [Open Communication System] All goods and services are quantified into a dollars and cents amount whihc places a certain level of monetary value on everything that is able to be consumed

Output: What does it mean when we say that capitalism is a kind of economy where money can buy anything?

ATH 175 Exam 2 Part 1 Flashcards - Cram.com

HUMAN language system which is both EFFICIENT and FLEXIBLE. Allows for sending/receiving of messages which ahve never been seen before


Input: the amount of satisfaction obtained from consuming the entire good/ service [utility]

Output: total utility


Input: the change in total utility obtained by consumer an additional unit of a good or service [utility]

Output: marginal utility


Input: as more of a good is consumed, the amount of satisfaction gained declines [utility]

Output: law of diminishing marginal utility


Input: the percent change in quantity demanded divided by the percent change in price [utility]

Output: price elasticity of demand


Input: demand curve is horizontal E>1 usually means it's a luxury good Any increase in price and QD will be zero Inverse relationship bw price and spending [utility]

Output: elastic price


Input: demand curve is vertical E<1 usually means it's a necessity consumers are willing to pay any price to get it positive relationship bw spending and price [utility]

Output: inelastic price


Input: demand curve is downward sloping normal goods regular relationship bw price and spending [utility]

Output: Unitary Elastic Price


Input: availability of substitutes importance of household budgets time necessities vs. luxuries [utility]

Output: determinants of the price elasticity of demand (list)


Input: lots of subs: elastic no subs: inelastic [utility]

Output: availability of substitutes (determinants of the price elasticity of demand)


Input: high income: more elastic low income: more inelastic [utility]

Output: importance of household budget (determinants of the price elasticity of demand)


Input: more time, more elastic and time to make best decision ex. travel less time, more inelastic and things become necessary ex. businessmen [utility]

Output: time (determinants of the price elasticity of demand)


Input: price of a product multiplied by the quantity sold TR= P x Q [utility]

Output: total revenue


Input: 1) increase TR only if demand is inelastic 2) reduce TR only if demand elastic 3) does not change total revenue if demand s unitary elastic [utility]

Output: Price HIkes


Input: total revenue [utility]

Output: Price elasticity changes along a demand curve, so does.....


Input: % change is QD divided by % change in income measures the response of the demand curve shifting due to income changes [utility]

Output: income elasticity of demand


Input: good in which demand increases as income increases.... ex. steak, main brand name products [utility]

Output: Normal good


Input: good in which demand decreases as income increases....ex. hamburger, generic brand stuff [utility]

Output: inferior good


Input: the mix of consumer purchases that maximized the utility attainable from available income [utility]

Output: optimal consumption


Input: a curve depicting alternate combinations of good that yield the same total utility (satisfaction) [utility]

Output: indifference curve


Input: all combos of goods affordable with a given income [utility]

Output: budget constraint


Input: optimal consumption [utility]

Output: we want the highest indifference curve that is within our budget for .....