Input: The hyoid bone is embedded in the (Blank) and supports the epiglottis and swallowing.

Output: neck

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What blood type is considered to be the "universal donor"?

Output: O negative is considered to be the universal donor because it does not contain the A, B, or Rh antigens. If blood containing a different type of antigen were administered, it would cause a hemolytic (blood cell destroying) reaction and the patient could die if the error were not caught in time.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is vasogenic shock?

Output: Vasogenic (aka neurogenic and spinal shock) is characterized by spinal injury. The spinal injury that usually results is vasodilatation, which produces shock. The skin will often remain warm and pink during vasogenic shock. All of the other signs and symptoms will be present or develop other than the cool, pale, moist skin.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What type of CVA does not result in ischemia?

Output: An aneurysm: It is a form of a CVA, but it does not result in ischemia. It is a form of a hemorrhagic stroke. An embolism and thrombus produces a direct ischemic stroke by occluding blood flow, and a tumor can press against a cerebral artery and occlude the blood flow producing ischemia.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: In the back of the ambulance unit, a (blank) may be used to protect the crew from secondary contamination during transport by isolating potentially contaminated body fluids.

Output: decon pool

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What types of cells are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?

Output: Leukocytes

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: The concept of (blank) refers to attempts made by the body to maintain itself in a steady state. (Blank) is the body's ability to stop bleeding. (Blank) is a state in which a solution has a lower solute concentration than a comparable fluid. (Blank) is part of the process related to differentiation of various types of blood cells within the body.

Output: The concept of homeostasis refers to attempts made by the body to maintain itself in a steady state. Hemostasis is the body's ability to stop bleeding. Hypotonicity is a state in which a solution has a lower solute concentration than a comparable fluid. Hematopoiesis is part of the process related to differentiation of various types of blood cells within the body.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: One of the precipitating causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)would be:

Output: depletion of clotting factors within the capillaries.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Output: Normally, when you are injured, certain proteins in the blood become activated and travel to the injury site to help stop bleeding. However, in persons with DIC, these proteins become abnormally active. Small blood clots form within the blood vessels. Some of these clots can clog up the vessels and cut off blood supply to various organs such as the liver or kidney. These organs will then stop functioning. Over time, the clotting proteins become "used up." When this happens, the person is then at risk for serious bleeding from even a minor injury. This disorder can result in clots or, more often, in bleeding. The bleeding can be severe.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: A patient with a hx of asthma, hypertension hands you a list of his medications. On the list are Acetaminophen, Labetalol, Nitroglycerin and MDI inhaler. Which is contraindicated due to his medical history of Asthma? (according to NR testing)

Output: Labetalol. Beta blockers properties should be avoided in patients with asthma (according to NR testing).

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: You have just delivered a baby to a herion addict mother who has shot up just prior to delivery. The baby is born and is breathing 20 breaths per minute. Along with ventilatory support, do you administer Narcan?

Output: No. The baby is probably addicted also and the reversal at this time would not be best. Provide ABC's.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Since an infant's heart is not developed fully, Starling's law doesn't apply. So what is the best way to increase an infant's cardiac output?

Output: Increase the rate.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Of the following choices, which is the most important to relay to the physician in your report. Patient age Vital signs Past Medical History Patient's allergies

Output: Vital signs

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is a CISD?

Output: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing is a formal, structured discussion including responders from all involved agencies.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: In triage of a mass casualty incident, what constitutes a "red" label?

Output: Respiratory rates greater than 30 breaths per minute are tagged as immediate, or red. Additionally, if further assessment reveals that the patient is experiencing delayed capillary refill, greater than two seconds, or if radial pulse is absent, the patient again gets placed into the immediate category.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is Prinzmetal's angina?

Output: Prinzmetal's angina, also known as variant angina or angina inversa, is a syndrome typically consisting of angina (cardiac chest pain) at rest that occurs in cycles. It is caused by vasospasm, a narrowing of the coronary arteries caused by contraction of the smooth muscle tissue in the vessel walls rather than directly by atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty plaque and hardening of the arteries).

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is electrical alternans?

Output: Electrical alternans is an electrocardiographic phenomenon of alternation of QRS complex amplitude or axis between beats. Also a wandering baseline may be seen. It is seen in cardiac tamponade and is thought to be related to changes in the ventricular electrical axis due to fluid in the pericardium.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is Hyperpyrexia?

Output: hyperpyrexia is an excessive and unusual elevation of set body temperature greater than or equal to 41 °C (105.8 °F). It is an extremely high fever. Such a high temperature is considered a medical emergency as it may indicate a serious underlying condition such as sepsis or Kawasaki syndrome.[1]

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What hormone causes Cushings Syndrome?

Output: Cushing's syndrome, a disorder resulting from prolonged exposure of the body's tissues to high levels of the hormone cortisol.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What are Biots Respirations?

Output: Biot's respiration, sometimes also called cluster respiration,[citation needed] is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: what is Cheyne-Stokes Respirations?

Output: Cheyne-Stokes respiration (pronounced /ˈtʃeɪnˈstoʊks/), also known as periodic breathing is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by oscillation of ventilation between apnea and tachypnea with a crescendo-decrescendo pattern in the depth of respirations, to compensate for changing serum partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is the primary difference between Biots and Cheyne-Stokes respirations?

Output: Cheyne-stokes is cyclic and Biot's is irregular and chaotic.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is Proventil?

Output: Albuterol

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What's an "osborn wave"?

Output: An extra notch after the QRS and before the T wave seen often on hypothermic patients.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Define visceral pain.

Output: Source - internal organs of the main body cavities. There are three main cavities - thorax (heart and lungs), abdomen (liver, kidneys, spleen and bowels), pelvis (bladder, womb, and ovaries). Receptors activated - specific receptors (nociceptors) for stretch, inflammation, and oxygen starvation (ischaemia). Characteristics - often poorly localised, and may feel like a vague deep ache, sometimes being cramping or colicky in nature. It frequently produces referred pain to the back, with pelvic pain referring pain to the lower back, abdominal pain referring pain to the mid-back, and thoracic pain referring pain to the upper back.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Define Somatic Pain.

Output: Somatic Pain Source - tissues such as skin, muscle, joints, bones, and ligaments - often known as musculo-skeletal pain. Receptors activated - specific receptors (nociceptors) for heat, cold, vibration, stretch (muscles), inflammation (e.g. cuts and sprains which cause tissue disruption), and oxygen starvation (ischaemic muscle cramps). Characteristics - often sharp and well localised, and can often be reproduced by touching or moving the area or tissue involved.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is Trismus?

Output: Trismus is the inability to normally open the mouth.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is the current American Heart Association standards for compression/ventilation ratio for one person CPR?

Output: The current American Heart Association standards for compression/ventilation ratio for one person CPR is 30:2 for adults and children. If two rescuers are present to provide care, the rate can be 15:2. Adults and children are the same.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is the current American Heart Association standards for compression/ventilation ratio for two person CPR?

Output: If two rescuers are present to provide care, the rate can be 15:2. Adults and children are the same. The current American Heart Association standards for compression/ventilation ratio for one person CPR is 30:2 for adults and children.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What should the vacuum be set at when suctioning the oropharynx using a rigid catheter?

Output: Greater than -120 mmHg. The soft tipped catheter used for nasal and tracheal suctioning only requires vacuum levels between -80 mmHg and -120 mmHg. With either catheter, suctioning should be performed for less than 15 seconds in the adult prior to reoxygenation.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: A patient with emphysema has weakened lung parenchyma from the disease process, and has increased susceptibility to a rupture of an emphysemic bleb causing a (blank).

Output: pneumothorax They would present with unilateral breath sound diminishment, respiratory distress, and equal resonance if it were only a simple pneumothorax.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is Pleurisy?

Output: Inflamation of the lining of the lung. Pleurisy may develop when you have lung inflammation due to infections such as pneumonia or tuberculosis. It may also occur with: Asbestos-related disease, Certain cancers, Chest trauma, Pulmonary embolus, Rheumatic diseases.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Where do you place a needle cricothyrotomy. Where will you perform this procedure?

Output: In the cricothyroid membrane located on the anterior aspect of the neck immediately inferior to the thyroid cartilage and immediately superior to the cricoid ring. There is a slight depression of the membrane between the cartilage boarders on either side.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What size ET tube should be used to perform a cricothyrotomy?

Output: Either a size 6.0 or 7.0 mm cuffed endotracheal tube or a size 6 or 8 Shiley tracheostomy tube should be utilized. The initial incision is typically a 1 to 2 cm vertical incision immediately over the cricothyroid membrane.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Cricothyrotomy should not be performed on patients under the age of (blank).

Output: Cricothyrotomy should not be performed on patients under the age of 12 because the cricothyroid membrane is small and underdeveloped in children.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Which bundle branch is most likely involved when conduction defects occur to the heart's electrical system as a result of myocardial ischemia?

Output: The right bundle branch of the ventricular conduction system is most commonly the bundle branch affected by periods of ventricular ischemia because the right bundle branch is smaller in diameter and longer in length as compared to the left (thus making it more susceptible to injury), and the right ventricle is not as well perfused as the larger, thicker left wall.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Nitro is contraindicated (by N.R. standards) when the systolic BP is below (blank).

Output: 100

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Electrical alternans is a finding seen on the ECG machine of a patient who has significant (blank).

Output: pericardial tamponade

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: The combination of sudden dyspnea, deteriorating pulse oximetry reading, sharp and localized chest pain, and expiratory wheezing in the immediate area of chest pain are all consistent with a (blank).

Output: pulmonary embolism

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Compensated or Decompensated shock? Stap victim's skin is pale, cool, and clammy, airway is open and patent, breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally, respiratory rate is 36 with adequate tidal volume, radial pulse is thready at a rate of 114, and blood pressure is 96/70 mmHg.

Output: Compensated Shock: A patient who is displaying the primary signs and symptoms of shock but has not yet become hypotensive is typically described as suffering from compensated shock. These patients will typically present with tachycardia, tachypnea, and skin that is pale, cool, and clammy. Only when presenting with *significant* hypotension would we consider a patient to be in decompensated shock. Irreversible shock is very difficult to discern in the field setting, but closely mimics the presentation of decompensated

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is the appropriate fluid bolus for a nine-year old, 77 pound patient suffering from hypovolemic shock?

Output: An appropriate fluid bolus for children experiencing hypovolemic shock is 20 ml/kg of a crystalloid intravenous solution. The patient weight of approximately 77 pounds converts to 35 kg. Multiplying 35 kg by a dose of 20 ml/kg yields a bolus dose of 700 ml of an appropriate crystalloid solution such as 0.9 % sodium chloride or lactated ringers solution

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: How would you describe a "Grade II sprain"?

Output: A sprain is defined as a tearing of a ligament. Grades I and II sprains refer to partial ligament tear, while Grade III refers to a complete tear.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Injuries to tendons and muscles are referred to as (blanks).

Output: Injuries to tendons and muscles are actually referred to as strains.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is a "subluxation?

Output: A partial dislocation of a bone end is referred to as a subluxation.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Physical assessment of a patient found lying on the floor reveals that the patient's right leg is outwardly rotated with a large palpable mass found in the right inguinal area. No pelvic instability is noted. Pedal pulses, sensation, and motor response are all present in the affected limb. The patient complains of extreme pain in the right hip and an inability to move his right leg. Based upon your physical exam findings, what condition is the patient most likely to be experiencing? Anterior hip dislocation

Output: Anterior hip dislocation. Note: The "large palpable mass in the inguinal area" is the head of the femur. You cannot palpate the head of the femur on a posterior hip dislocation.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: How do you splint a hip dislocation for transport?

Output: In any type of hip dislocation that is not complicated with neurovascular deficits distal to the injury, the best treatment strategy is to apply appropriate padding and splint in the position found to a long backboard. Re-alignment into a normal anatomical position may, in fact, cause neurovascular compromise. Attempts at reduction should only be attempted in posterior hip dislocations, and only if the patient does not have intact pulse, motor function, or sensation distal to the injury. Traction splints should never be applied in situations that involve pelvic or hip injury, even if accompanied by obvious mid-shaft femur fracture.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is the major cause of a pericardial tamponade?

Output: The major cause of a pericardial tamponade is blunt force trauma of the chest that results in narrowing pulse pressure, positive jugular vein distention, and muffled heart tones.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is the normal size of the pupil?

Output: The normal size of the pupil, is usually between 3 to 5 millimeters in diameter. If a patient displays bilateral papillary constriction (miosis), that is unresponsive to light, the paramedic should consider a pathology that is causing CNS depression, the kind consistent with a narcotic overdose. Oculomotor nerve damage results typically in unilateral dilation, and excessive sympathetic stimulation results in pupillary dilation (mydriasis).

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is miosis?

Output: Constriction of the pupils.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: High PaCo2 levels capillary (blank).

Output: capillary vasodilation

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: High levels of PaCo2 causes (increased/decreased) intracranial pressure.

Output: increased due to increased blood flow as a result of capillary vasodilation caused by the higher level of Co2.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Ventilating a patient with suspected ICP should be slightly hyperventilated at a rate of no greater than 20 breaths per minute. Why?

Output: To vent off excess Co2 to releave ICP.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: The neurological disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration of the voluntary muscle fibers is called?

Output: MD Muscular Dystrophy

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure of the body's tissues to high levels of the hormone (blank). Symptoms vary, but most people have upper body obesity, rounded face, increased fat around the neck, and thinning arms and legs.

Output: Cortisol

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: An inflamed (blank) usually starts with the general findings of abdominal pain ("dull and crampy"), fever, and vomiting. The abdominal pain usually begins in the center of the abdomen, around the area of the umbilicus, and later, the pain radiates downward and to the right - to an area called McBurney's point.

Output: appendix

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Explain the difference between the following types of poisonings: Cyanide Chlorine Ammonia Organophosphate pesticide

Output: The effects of chlorine and ammonia exposure typically revolve around the respiratory system, and are both likely to cause pulmonary edema. Neither of these substances is likely to produce seizures. Organophosphate pesticides have a direct effect on the central nervous system and can cause seizures. They would also produce SLUDGE type symptoms, including salivation, tearing, incontinence, gastric upset, vomiting, as well as constricted pupils. Cyanide poisoning can cause seizure and coma, but will not have an effect on pupil constriction or yield SLUDGE symptoms.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: You arrive to a residence and find a patient in stage three of delivery. Examination of the perineum reveals limb presentation. What do you do next?

Output: When examination of the perineum reveals limb presentation, a cesarean section is necessary and field delivery should not be attempted. Treatment for limb presentation includes application of oxygen, placing the patient into a knee-chest or Trendelenburg position, and immediately initiating transport. Under no circumstances should attempts be made to re-insert the extremity into the vagina. In fact, the paramedic should even avoid simply touching the exposed extremity, as doing so may stimulate the infant to gasp and aspirate amniotic fluid. If the umbilical cord were visible instead of an extremity, then insertion of two fingers into the vagina in order to raise the presenting part of the fetus off of the cord would be appropriate.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is Renal calculi?

Output: Renal calculi: Kidney stones

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is the most common method of transmission route for hepatitis A?

Output: Hepatitis A is most commonly transmitted by the fecal-oral route via contaminated food or drinking water.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: How do you ventilate a patient with a stoma?

Output: The use of a pediatric mask and an adult bag valve mask can effectively maintain an airtight seal over a stoma. If a seal can't be maintained, an endotracheal tube can be inserted into the stoma to create an airtight seal.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Here's another NR "tricky-dickie" that I've seen a couple of times on practice tests: What should be done first for an unresponsive patient with a possible airway obstruction after you have opened the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift and the airway is not yet patent?

Output: The correct answer is: Reposition the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift. (in other words...do it again)

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What color sputum is often associated with pneumonia? Clear Green Brown White

Output: Brown

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: When should you perform a laryngoscopy on a suspected chocking patient?

Output: If the airway is still occluded after two manual attempts to open it, initiate 30 chest compressions and then reassess the airway. If this is not effective, you should perform a laryngoscopy to attempt to visualize the obstruction and remove it with Magill forceps.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Before perfroming a tracheobronchial suctioning, how should you measure the suction cathater?

Output: The suction catheter should be measured from the mouth to the ear and then to the xiphoid process. Inserting the catheter until the patient's heart rate slows or until resistance is met may indicate that you have actually hit the carina.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What does hyporesonance and hyperesonance upon percussion in the lung fields indicate?

Output: Hyporesonance on the affected side is indicative of a hemothorax. Air accumulation would result in hyperresonace with percussion.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What would a paricardial tamponade produce upon percussion?

Output: A pericardial tamponade is not assessed through the technique of percussion but it would produce a muffled heart tone upon auscultation.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: You are called to the local grocery store for an unresponsive patient. Upon arrival, you find an elderly male patient lying supine on the floor. A certified First Responder is performing one person CPR, and has been doing so for 3 minutes now. Upon initial assessment, you determine that the patient�s airway is clear and you confirm chest rise and fall with the First Responder's ventilations. You are unable to palpate a carotid pulse. What would be your next immediate action?

Output: Determine cardiac rhythm via "Quick Look". Since a *certified* EMS provider was on scene to provide at least two minutes of high quality CPR prior to your arrival, you may then begin assessment of the cardiac rhythm to determine if defibrillation is warranted.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: You are called to a local shopping mall for a patient experiencing chest pain. Upon arrival you find a 52-year-old male patient seated on a bench. The patient is complaining of severe substernal chest pain that radiates into his lower back. Skin is pale and diaphoretic, lungs are clear and equal, respirations are nonlabored at a rate of 26 per minute with adequate tidal volume, radial pulse is 50 beats per minute, and blood pressure is 86/58 mmHg. The cardiac monitor shows sinus bradycardia with 2nd degree type II heart block: You place the patient on oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 liters per minute and initiate an intravenous line of 0.9% sodium chloride at a keep vein open rate. What is your next immediate action? A. Administer atropine sulfate 0.5 to 1.0 mg intravenously. B. Administer nitroglycerin 0.4 mg sublingually. C. Begin transcutaneous pacing D. Administer chewable aspirin 160 to 325 mg.

Output: It's interesting to note that in this case, the bradycardic rhythm "trumps" the "chest pain" protocol. Although this patient is experiencing acute substernal chest pain, the bradycardic cardiac rhythm causes standard chest pain treatments to be replaced with therapy aimed at increasing heart rate. Given the infranodal rhythm, atropine is not warranted so TCP should be initiated. If the TCP fails to work, the next consideration should be a dopamine infusion. Nitroglycerin and morphine sulfate are both contraindicated in this patient due to hypotension.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Your patient is bradycardic with a second degree block. What treatment sequence do you follow?

Output: Transcutaneous pacing is a Class I intervention for the infranodal rhythm. Following this a dopamine infusion should be administered. Should the dopamine also prove unsuccessful in increasing the rate, the next infusion should be epinephrine.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is isoproterenol?

Output: This drug has popped up in a couple of practice tests and it is never the correct answer. According to AHA 2005 standards, the use of isoproterenol for bradycardia is no longer warranted.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is the order of the meningi layers?

Output: The outermost layer is the Dura mater, the middle layer is the arachnoid and the inner-most layer is the pia mater.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: When blood gathers between the skull and the dura mater it is considered a (blank).

Output: epidural hemorrhage

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Bleeding between the dura mater and arachnoid leads to (blank).

Output: subdural hemorrhage

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Bleeding between the arachnoid and pia mater leads to a (blank).

Output: subarachnoid hemorrhage

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Can a tension pneumothorax cause right sided heart failure?

Output: Yes. Due to the pressure caused by the free air in the thoracic cavity, the heart cannot pump efficiently thus causing the failure.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is the most common cause of paricardial tamponade?

Output: Blunt force trauma to the chest.

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: Bowel sounds in the chest cavity would be a good indication of (blank).

Output: diaphragmatic tear

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.


Input: What is the prefered device to use to splint an ankle fracture?

Output: pillow splint

National Registry Practice Tests (notable information) Flashcards - Cram.com

B. Movement of sodium into the cell Rationale The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular depolarization. To depolarize, sodium rushes into the cell while potassium leaves, causing the originally negatively charged inner cell environment to become positive. Depolarization is followed by contraction of the myocardial cells and is responsible for the physical pumping of blood into the circulatory system. Ventricular repolarization describes the return of potassium to the inside of the cells and removal of sodium to the outside of the cell. Ventricular repolarization is evident on the ECG as the �T� wave and results in the inside of the cell regaining its negative charge and the outside its positive charge. Atrial depolarization occurs during the �P� wave of the ECG tracing. As stated, potassium leaves the cell during ventricular depolarization and does not enter it.