[User] <image>

[User] Convert the mind map information in the image into a readable structured output.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Calibration</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Calibration (100)</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Calibration is a comparison between measurements – one of known magnitude or correctness made or set with one device and another measurement made in as similar a way as possible with a second device.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The term "calibration" probably was first associated with the precise division of linear distance and angles using a dividing engine and the measurement of gravitational mass using a weighing scale.</s_text><sep/><s_text>A transplanted calibration process that worked well to support the microphone application may or may not be the best answer or even adequate for the coaxial cable application.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The measuring equipment manufacturer generally assigns the measurement tolerance, suggests a calibration interval and specifies the environmental range of use and storage.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The assignment of calibration intervals can be a formal process based on the results of previous calibrations.</s_text><sep/><s_text>There are clearinghouses for calibration procedures such as the Government-Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP) in the United States.</s_text><sep/><s_text>More commonly, a calibration technician is entrusted with the entire process and signs the calibration certificate, which documents the completion of a successful calibration.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The integrity of organization-wide calibration is easily compromised.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Calibration can be called for: with a new instrument when a specified time period is elapsed when a specified usage (operating hours) has elapsed when an instrument has had a shock or vibration which potentially may have put it out of calibration sudden changes in weather whenever observations appear questionable In general use, calibration is often regarded as including the process of adjusting the output or indication on a measurement instrument to agree with value of the applied standard, within a specified accuracy.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>measurement (100)</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Calibration is a comparison between measurements – one of known magnitude or correctness made or set with one device and another measurement made in as similar a way as possible with a second device.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The term "calibration" probably was first associated with the precise division of linear distance and angles using a dividing engine and the measurement of gravitational mass using a weighing scale.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The measurement of pressure was an early example of how indirect measurement was added to the existing direct measurement of the same phenomena.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Before the Industrial Revolution, the most common pressure measurement device was a hydrostatic manometer, which is not practical for measuring high pressures.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The measuring equipment manufacturer generally assigns the measurement tolerance, suggests a calibration interval and specifies the environmental range of use and storage.</s_text><sep/><s_text>When this goal is met, the accumulated measurement uncertainty of all of the standards involved is considered to be insignificant when the final measurement is also made with the 4:1 ratio.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Calibration can be called for: with a new instrument when a specified time period is elapsed when a specified usage (operating hours) has elapsed when an instrument has had a shock or vibration which potentially may have put it out of calibration sudden changes in weather whenever observations appear questionable In general use, calibration is often regarded as including the process of adjusting the output or indication on a measurement instrument to agree with value of the applied standard, within a specified accuracy.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The NMI supports the metrological infrastructure in that country (and often others) by establishing an unbroken chain, from the top level of standards to an instrument used for measurement.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>instrument (46)</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>The second device is the unit under test, test instrument, or any of several other names for the device being calibrated.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Calibration can be called for: with a new instrument when a specified time period is elapsed when a specified usage (operating hours) has elapsed when an instrument has had a shock or vibration which potentially may have put it out of calibration sudden changes in weather whenever observations appear questionable In general use, calibration is often regarded as including the process of adjusting the output or indication on a measurement instrument to agree with value of the applied standard, within a specified accuracy.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The NMI supports the metrological infrastructure in that country (and often others) by establishing an unbroken chain, from the top level of standards to an instrument used for measurement.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>standards (46)</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>When this goal is met, the accumulated measurement uncertainty of all of the standards involved is considered to be insignificant when the final measurement is also made with the 4:1 ratio.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Establishing traceability is accomplished by a formal comparison to a standard which is directly or indirectly related to national standards (NIST in the USA), international standards, or certified reference materials.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The NMI supports the metrological infrastructure in that country (and often others) by establishing an unbroken chain, from the top level of standards to an instrument used for measurement.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>pressure (27)</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>The measurement of pressure was an early example of how indirect measurement was added to the existing direct measurement of the same phenomena.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Before the Industrial Revolution, the most common pressure measurement device was a hydrostatic manometer, which is not practical for measuring high pressures.</s_text><sep/><s_text>In the direct reading hydrostatic manometer design on the left, unknown pressure pushes the liquid down the left side of the manometer U-tube (or unknown vacuum pulls the liquid up the tube, as shown) where a length scale next to the tube measures the pressure, referenced to the other, open end of the manometer on the right side of the U-tube.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>indirect (16)</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>The measurement of pressure was an early example of how indirect measurement was added to the existing direct measurement of the same phenomena.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>tube (13)</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>In the direct reading hydrostatic manometer design on the left, unknown pressure pushes the liquid down the left side of the manometer U-tube (or unknown vacuum pulls the liquid up the tube, as shown) where a length scale next to the tube measures the pressure, referenced to the other, open end of the manometer on the right side of the U-tube.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>scale (13)</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>The term "calibration" probably was first associated with the precise division of linear distance and angles using a dividing engine and the measurement of gravitational mass using a weighing scale.</s_text><sep/><s_text>In the direct reading hydrostatic manometer design on the left, unknown pressure pushes the liquid down the left side of the manometer U-tube (or unknown vacuum pulls the liquid up the tube, as shown) where a length scale next to the tube measures the pressure, referenced to the other, open end of the manometer on the right side of the U-tube.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>correctness (13)</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Calibration is a comparison between measurements – one of known magnitude or correctness made or set with one device and another measurement made in as similar a way as possible with a second device.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>traceability (13)</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Establishing traceability is accomplished by a formal comparison to a standard which is directly or indirectly related to national standards (NIST in the USA), international standards, or certified reference materials.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Summary</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Calibration is a comparison between measurements – one of known magnitude or correctness made or set with one device and another measurement made in as similar a way as possible with a second device.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The second device is the unit under test, test instrument, or any of several other names for the device being calibrated.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The term "calibration" probably was first associated with the precise division of linear distance and angles using a dividing engine and the measurement of gravitational mass using a weighing scale.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The measurement of pressure was an early example of how indirect measurement was added to the existing direct measurement of the same phenomena.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Before the Industrial Revolution, the most common pressure measurement device was a hydrostatic manometer, which is not practical for measuring high pressures.</s_text><sep/><s_text>In the direct reading hydrostatic manometer design on the left, unknown pressure pushes the liquid down the left side of the manometer U-tube (or unknown vacuum pulls the liquid up the tube, as shown) where a length scale next to the tube measures the pressure, referenced to the other, open end of the manometer on the right side of the U-tube.</s_text><sep/><s_text>In the early days of US automobile use, people wanted to see the gasoline they were about to buy in a big glass pitcher, a direct measure of volume and quality via appearance.</s_text><sep/><s_text>A transplanted calibration process that worked well to support the microphone application may or may not be the best answer or even adequate for the coaxial cable application.</s_text><sep/><s_text>In other words, the design has to be capable of measurements that are "within engineering tolerance" when used within the stated environmental conditions over some reasonable period of time.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The measuring equipment manufacturer generally assigns the measurement tolerance, suggests a calibration interval and specifies the environmental range of use and storage.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The assignment of calibration intervals can be a formal process based on the results of previous calibrations.</s_text><sep/><s_text>When this goal is met, the accumulated measurement uncertainty of all of the standards involved is considered to be insignificant when the final measurement is also made with the 4:1 ratio.</s_text><sep/><s_text>This ratio was probably first formalized in Handbook 52 that accompanied MIL-STD-45662A, an early US Department of Defense metrology program specification.</s_text><sep/><s_text>For example, a gage with 3% manufacturer-stated accuracy can be changed to 4% so that a 1% accuracy standard can be used at 4:1.</s_text><sep/><s_text>There are clearinghouses for calibration procedures such as the Government-Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP) in the United States.</s_text><sep/><s_text>More commonly, a calibration technician is entrusted with the entire process and signs the calibration certificate, which documents the completion of a successful calibration.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The integrity of organization-wide calibration is easily compromised.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Most oscilloscopes are capital assets that increase the value of the organization, in addition to the value of the measurements they make.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Establishing traceability is accomplished by a formal comparison to a standard which is directly or indirectly related to national standards (NIST in the USA), international standards, or certified reference materials.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Calibration can be called for: with a new instrument when a specified time period is elapsed when a specified usage (operating hours) has elapsed when an instrument has had a shock or vibration which potentially may have put it out of calibration sudden changes in weather whenever observations appear questionable In general use, calibration is often regarded as including the process of adjusting the output or indication on a measurement instrument to agree with value of the applied standard, within a specified accuracy.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The NMI supports the metrological infrastructure in that country (and often others) by establishing an unbroken chain, from the top level of standards to an instrument used for measurement.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>This mind map was downloaded from www.biggerplate.com</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Find more mind maps in our library</s_text><sep/><s_text>Follow us on Twitter</s_text><sep/><s_text>Find us on Facebook</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Map created automatically by WikiSummarizer product of Context Discovery http://www.contextdiscovery.com wikisummarizer@contextdiscovery.com</s_text></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Organize the content of this mind map into structured textual information.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Apple's Devices in Meetings</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Presentation</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>with iPad</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>via TV</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Connection</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Apple Digital AV Adapter</s_text><sep/><s_text>TV</s_text><sep/><s_text>HDMI Cable</s_text><sep/><s_text>HDMI Switch to switch between different iPads screens</s_text><sep/><s_text>Connection via HDMI iPad - TV</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Remote Control</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>for Keynote presentations with Apple's app REMOTE use iPhone as Remote Control</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Display of iPad's screen to the audience</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>via Beamer</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Connection</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Apple Digital AV Adapter</s_text><sep/><s_text>Beamer</s_text><sep/><s_text>HDMI Cable</s_text><sep/><s_text>HDMI Switch to switch between different iPads screens</s_text><sep/><s_text>Connection via HDMI iPad - Beamer</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Remote Control</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>for Keynote presentations with Apple's app REMOTE use iPhone as Remote Control</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Display of iPad's screen to the audience</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Types of Presentations</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Keynote/Powerpoint Presentations</s_text><sep/><s_text>Numbers/Excel Spreadsheets</s_text><sep/><s_text>Images</s_text><sep/><s_text>Ad-Hoc created extensions to the primary topic of the meeting independent of the file format by sending just the screen contents of iPad to the audience</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Stickies</s_text><sep/><s_text>Doodles</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Documentation of Meeting Results</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Instant distribution to the audience members</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>by E-Mail</s_text><sep/><s_text>by Sharing</s_text><sep/><s_text>by direct transfer to other iOS devices</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>This mind map was downloaded from www.biggerplate.com</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Find more mind maps in our library</s_text><sep/><s_text>Follow us on Twitter</s_text><sep/><s_text>Find us on Facebook</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Ad-Hoc Transfer of Information</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>by E-Mail</s_text><sep/><s_text>by saving scanned documents to a company server via FTP or a common used Cloud</s_text><sep/><s_text>by beaming files to other iOS devices of people in the audience</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Recommended App</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Instashare by Lukas Foldyna</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Ad-Hoc Research</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Internet</s_text><sep/><s_text>Documents on Cloud Storages</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Recommended Apps</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Documents by Readdle</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Dropbox</s_text><sep/><s_text>SugarSync</s_text><sep/><s_text>Box</s_text><sep/><s_text>GoogleDrive</s_text><sep/><s_text>SkyDrive</s_text><sep/><s_text>Office 365 Sharepoint</s_text><sep/><s_text>MyDisk.se</s_text><sep/><s_text>filesanywhere</s_text><sep/><s_text>Storegate</s_text><sep/><s_text>CloudMe</s_text><sep/><s_text>Any other cloud accessible via WebDAV</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Apple's iWork Suite accessing iCloud</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>KEYNOTE for presentations</s_text><sep/><s_text>Numbers for spreadsheets</s_text><sep/><s_text>Pages for text editing</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Scanning</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Take Photos with the built-in camera</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Document</s_text><sep/><s_text>Projection Screen</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Take Videos of important parts of a lecture with the built-in camera</s_text><sep/><s_text>Audio Recording</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Note Taking</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Recommended Apps</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Notability by Gingerlabs.com</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Media</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Photo</s_text><sep/><s_text>Picture</s_text><sep/><s_text>Figure</s_text><sep/><s_text>Stickies</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Keyboard</s_text><sep/><s_text>Handwriting</s_text><sep/><s_text>Audio</s_text><sep/><s_text>Cloud Support</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Dropbox</s_text><sep/><s_text>GoogleDrive</s_text><sep/><s_text>Box</s_text><sep/><s_text>WebDAV</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Analyze the image and describe in detail the levels and relationships of information in the mind map.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Irregular Menstruation Yue Jing Bu Tiao</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Any abnormal change in cycle</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>3 Major types</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Preceded Menstruation</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>7 days earlier</s_text><sep/><s_text>Even 2x/month</s_text><sep/><s_text>Continues for 2 cycles</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Delayed Menstruation</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>7 days later</s_text><sep/><s_text>Even 40-50 days between</s_text><sep/><s_text>Continues for 2 cycles</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Irregular Menstruation</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>7 days late or early</s_text><sep/><s_text>Continues for 3 cycles</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Historical discussion</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>ZZJ</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Wen Jing Tang for delayed</s_text><sep/><s_text>Tu Gua Gen San for delayed due to stasis</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Tang/Song</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Discussed early menstruation due to excess Yang</s_text><sep/><s_text>Delayed due to excess/deficient cold</s_text><sep/><s_text>Irregular due to Qi stagnation</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Yuan/Ming</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Qi = Timing</s_text><sep/><s_text>Liang = Flow</s_text><sep/><s_text>Se = Color</s_text><sep/><s_text>Zhi = Quality</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Preceded/Early Menstruation</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>USUALLY DUE TO HEAT</s_text><sep/><s_text>Main points</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>CV4</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Where Chong begins</s_text><sep/><s_text>regulates menses</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>SP10</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>regulates the blood</s_text><sep/><s_text>both even needling</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>If excess heat</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>LR3</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Yuan</s_text><sep/><s_text>Clears heat in LR</s_text><sep/><s_text>Reduce</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>LI11</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>He-sea</s_text><sep/><s_text>Clears heat</s_text><sep/><s_text>Reduce</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>If deficiency heat</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>SP6</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Nourishes Yin</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>KD2</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Ying spring</s_text><sep/><s_text>Clears empty heat</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>If stagnant heat</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Due to LR Qi Stagnation</s_text><sep/><s_text>LR2</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Ying spring</s_text><sep/><s_text>Clears heat</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>SP8</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Xi cleft</s_text><sep/><s_text>Regulates menses</s_text><sep/><s_text>Assists relationship of earth and wood</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>If Qi deficiency</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>ST36</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>He Sea</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>BL20</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>SP Shu</s_text><sep/><s_text>Both tonify strongly</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Delayed Menstruation</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>TX principle</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Warm channels</s_text><sep/><s_text>Regulate blood</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Main points</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>CV6</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Regulate Chong and Ren</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>KD13</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Qi Xue</s_text><sep/><s_text>Meeting of KD Chong</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>SP6</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Meeting of 3 Foot yin</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>If Shi cold</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>ST 25</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>LI Mu</s_text><sep/><s_text>Moves, warms</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>ST 29</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Gui Lai</s_text><sep/><s_text>warms LJ</s_text><sep/><s_text>regulates menstruation</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>tonifying technique</s_text><sep/><s_text>Addl' SX</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Thick blood, clotted</s_text><sep/><s_text>Normal/average flow</s_text><sep/><s_text>Dark red color</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>If Xu cold</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>GV4</s_text><sep/><s_text>KD3</s_text><sep/><s_text>Addl' SX</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Thin, scanty blood</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>If blood Xu</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>ST36</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Tonify Qi and Blood</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>BL17</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Infl. Blood</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>BL20</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>SP Shu</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Addl' SX</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Late</s_text><sep/><s_text>Small amount</s_text><sep/><s_text>Light color</s_text><sep/><s_text>Thin consistency</s_text><sep/><s_text>Harder to treat</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>If Qi Stagnation</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>LR5</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Luo connect, Shaoyang</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Addl' SX</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Normal or heavy flow</s_text><sep/><s_text>Dark color, clotted</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Irregular Menstruation</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Addl' SX</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Dark red color</s_text><sep/><s_text>Clotted</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Tx principle</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Regulate LR/KD</s_text><sep/><s_text>Tonify LR/KD</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Main points</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>CV4</s_text><s_relation>3 Yin channels meet ()</s_relation><sep/><s_text>SP6</s_text><s_relation>3 Yin channels meet ()</s_relation><s_node-4><s_text>3 Yin channels meet</s_text><s_relation>CV4 ()<sep/>SP6 ()</s_relation></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>If LR Qi Stag</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>BL18</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>LR Shu</s_text><s_relation>LR Mu ()</s_relation></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>LR14</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>LR Mu</s_text><s_relation>Yuan ()<sep/>LR Shu ()</s_relation></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>LR3</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Yuan</s_text><s_relation>LR Mu ()</s_relation></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>If KD Xu</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>KD3</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Yuan</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>KD5</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Xi</s_text><sep/><s_text>Regulates, reinforces</s_text><sep/><s_text>Blood</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Convert this mind map into a clear structured data format.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Sources of Project  Milestones</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Project Management Method</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Agile</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Scrum</s_text><sep/><s_text>RAD</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Waterfall</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Ten Step</s_text><sep/><s_text>PMI</s_text><sep/><s_text>Prince2</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Other Fixed dates</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Code freeze</s_text><sep/><s_text>Holidays</s_text><sep/><s_text>Event dates e.g.</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Olympics</s_text><sep/><s_text>Conference dates</s_text><sep/><s_text>Summit</s_text><sep/><s_text>Sporting events</s_text><sep/><s_text>Xmas</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Announcments</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Deadlines</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Grant application deadline</s_text><sep/><s_text>Tax return deadline</s_text><sep/><s_text>RFP deadline</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Natural environment</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Weather</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>examples</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>storms preventing deliveries during a certain time</s_text><sep/><s_text>weather windows allowing flights</s_text><sep/><s_text>passes and roads passable only at certain times</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Seasons</s_text><sep/><s_text>Migrations</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>migrating birds & animals</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Tides</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>LEARN MORE ABOUT PROJECT MILESTONES</s_text><sep/><s_text>Fixed duration</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Transport takes x delivery must be by x</s_text><sep/><s_text>e.g. duration on critical path</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>more on the Critical Path</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Process takes fixed time drives other dates</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Materials</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Work packages</s_text><sep/><s_text>Expiry dates</s_text><sep/><s_text>Retirement dates</s_text><sep/><s_text>Maintenance schedules</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Regulatory & legislative</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Financial calendar</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>end quarter</s_text><sep/><s_text>End FY</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>see also fixed dates</s_text><sep/><s_text>planning deadlines</s_text><sep/><s_text>audits</s_text><sep/><s_text>site inspections</s_text><sep/><s_text>reporting</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Supply chain</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>raw material arrival</s_text><sep/><s_text>inbound and outbound shipments</s_text><sep/><s_text>order acknowledgement</s_text><sep/><s_text>product events</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Resource availability</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>hiring</s_text><sep/><s_text>completion of other projects</s_text><sep/><s_text>availability of certain skill sets</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Project lifecycle</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Stage or phase gates</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Feasibility end</s_text><sep/><s_text>UAT end</s_text><sep/><s_text>Method driven phases e.g. Prince2 phases</s_text><sep/><s_text>End of build</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Go live dates</s_text><sep/><s_text>demos and 'show and tells'</s_text><sep/><s_text>beta dates or proof of concept dates</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Project Milestones</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Definition of Milestone</s_text><sep/><s_text>image of project lifecycle with milestones</s_text><sep/><s_text>when and where to use milestones</s_text><sep/><s_text>typical project milestones</s_text></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Extract the key points from this mind map and construct their hierarchical relationship.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>WordPress links for cabre.co.uk</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Dashboard</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Home</s_text><sep/><s_text>Updates</s_text><sep/><s_text>Akismet Stats</s_text><sep/><s_text>Clicky Stats</s_text><sep/><s_text>Store Sales</s_text><sep/><s_text>Store Upgrades</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Pages</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>All Pages</s_text><sep/><s_text>Add New</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Posts</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>All Posts</s_text><sep/><s_text>Add New</s_text><sep/><s_text>Categories</s_text><sep/><s_text>Post Tags</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Comments</s_text><sep/><s_text>Products</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Products</s_text><sep/><s_text>Add New</s_text><sep/><s_text>Product Tags</s_text><sep/><s_text>Categories</s_text><sep/><s_text>Variations</s_text><sep/><s_text>Coupons</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Media</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Library</s_text><sep/><s_text>Add New</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Links</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>All Links</s_text><sep/><s_text>Add New</s_text><sep/><s_text>Link Categories</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Plugins</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Installed Plugins</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Akismet</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Settings</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>All in One SEO Pack</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Options configuration panel</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>AmazonSimpleAdmin</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Options panel</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Clicky for WordPress</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Settings</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Exec-PHP</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Settings</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Google XML Sitemaps</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Settings</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>SexyBookmarks (by Shareaholic)</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Settings</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>WP-reCAPTCHA</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Settings</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>WP e-Commerce</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>GetShopped.org</s_text><sep/><s_text>Support Forum</s_text><sep/><s_text>Documentation</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Add New</s_text><sep/><s_text>Editor</s_text><sep/><s_text>Akismet Configuration</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>This mind map was downloaded from www.biggerplate.com</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Find more mind maps in our library</s_text><sep/><s_text>Follow us on Twitter</s_text><sep/><s_text>Find us on Facebook</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Appearance</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Themes</s_text><sep/><s_text>Widgets</s_text><sep/><s_text>Menus</s_text><sep/><s_text>Custom Header</s_text><sep/><s_text>Editor</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Settings</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>General</s_text><sep/><s_text>Writing</s_text><sep/><s_text>Reading</s_text><sep/><s_text>Discussion</s_text><sep/><s_text>Media</s_text><sep/><s_text>Privacy</s_text><sep/><s_text>Permalinks</s_text><sep/><s_text>All in One SEO</s_text><sep/><s_text>AmazonSimpleAdmin</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Collections</s_text><sep/><s_text>Usage</s_text><sep/><s_text>Cache</s_text><sep/><s_text>Templates</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Breadcrumb NavXT</s_text><sep/><s_text>Clicky</s_text><sep/><s_text>Related Posts</s_text><sep/><s_text>WP-reCAPTCHA</s_text><sep/><s_text>Store -  WP e-commerce</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>General</s_text><sep/><s_text>Presentation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Admin</s_text><sep/><s_text>Taxes</s_text><sep/><s_text>Shipping</s_text><sep/><s_text>Payments</s_text><sep/><s_text>Checkout</s_text><sep/><s_text>Marketing</s_text><sep/><s_text>Import</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Exec-PHP</s_text><sep/><s_text>XML-Sitemap</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Users</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>All Users</s_text><sep/><s_text>Add New</s_text><sep/><s_text>Your Profile</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Tools</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Available Tools</s_text><sep/><s_text>Import</s_text><sep/><s_text>Export</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Shareaholic</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Sharing Widget</s_text><sep/><s_text>Topbar</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Help</s_text></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Convert this mind map into a clear structured data format.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Leading Through Conflict  - How Successful Leaders Transform Differences into Opportunities - Mark Gerzon</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Three Faces of Leadership</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Demagogue</s_text><sep/><s_text>Manager</s_text><sep/><s_text>Mediator</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Strive to act on behalf of the whole, not just a part</s_text><sep/><s_text>Think systematically and is committed to ongoing learning</s_text><sep/><s_text>Build trust by building bridges across the dividing lines</s_text><sep/><s_text>Seeks innovation and opportunity in order to transform conflict</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Eight Tools for the Leaders as Mediator</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Integral Vision</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Backgrounds: Learning to See Beyond Boundaries</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Russel Schweickart, US Astronaut</s_text><sep/><s_text>Mahatma Gandhi</s_text><sep/><s_text>Albert Einstein</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Tips</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Check your vision</s_text><sep/><s_text>Don't replace one border with another</s_text><sep/><s_text>Watch your language</s_text><sep/><s_text>Go to the balcony</s_text><sep/><s_text>Develop maturity of mind</s_text><sep/><s_text>Learn to see through walls</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>System Thinking</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Background: Drawing Better Boundaries</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Ronald Heifetz, Harvard University</s_text><sep/><s_text>Anonymous</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Applications:  We Are "All Connected Now"</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Fritjof Capra</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Tips</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Keep it simple</s_text><sep/><s_text>Think systemically about your own role</s_text><sep/><s_text>View yourself and your organization from "Outside of the Box"</s_text><sep/><s_text>Practice asking, "And Then What"</s_text><sep/><s_text>Think twice before you call someone an "enemy"</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Presence</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Background: Becoming Awake</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Lau Tzu, sixth-century Chinese sage</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Being Present</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Open to perceiving what is happening right now</s_text><sep/><s_text>Responsive to the needs of this moment</s_text><sep/><s_text>Flexible enough to shift gears</s_text><sep/><s_text>Able to notice if our current behavior or strategy is not working</s_text><sep/><s_text>Creative enough to invent a new approach in the moment</s_text><sep/><s_text>Honest enough to admit if we don't have a new approach yet</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Being Unpresent</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>So arrogant that we are unable to learn anything that contradicts our "Reality"</s_text><sep/><s_text>So self-centered that we are not serving others</s_text><sep/><s_text>So defensive that we "kill the messenger" rather than listening</s_text><sep/><s_text>So committed to our "superiority" (inflation) that we treat others as inferior, wrong, or even "the enemy"</s_text><sep/><s_text>So committed to our "inferiority" (Deflation) that we do not feel entitled to recognition</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>An Alignment of</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>The Mind</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Presence allows access to the "Big Mind", a more systemic than ordinary linear mind</s_text><sep/><s_text>Full human presence requires analytical mind and beyond</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>The Heart</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Once stress and fear, from the conflicts, reaches a certain level, our heart and mind begin to close</s_text><sep/><s_text>Self-Awareness, the first pillar of Emotional Intelligence</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>The Soul</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Effective action requires Stillness</s_text><sep/><s_text>Commitment requires Detachment</s_text><sep/><s_text>Leading requires Following</s_text><sep/><s_text>Hard Knowledge requires Clear Seeing</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Applications: Are you present right now?</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Dag Hammarskjold, UN Secretary General</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>References</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Presence by Joseph Jaworski</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Learning and Education: If not in present, the teacher will probably miss important information;</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Will not take advantage of "Teachable Moment"</s_text><sep/><s_text>Will be mechanical and uninspiring</s_text><sep/><s_text>Far more likely to project her own unexamined emotions onto particular students or situations, as well as...</s_text><sep/><s_text>Absorb or "take in" students' negative energy</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Tips</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Find your own path</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Map guide may show you the best road to take when traveling</s_text><sep/><s_text>But the only way to reach a place called presence is to walk the path yourself</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Practice presence every day</s_text><sep/><s_text>Become a reliable witness</s_text><sep/><s_text>Be present even in the face of fear</s_text><sep/><s_text>Pay attention to energy</s_text><sep/><s_text>Clarify your motivation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Promote presence in meetings</s_text><sep/><s_text>Cultivate quiet patience to ... Why don't we...</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>"Just Sit Down"?</s_text><sep/><s_text>"Focus on a Problem"?</s_text><sep/><s_text>"Agree on a Solution"?</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Inquiry</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Background: the Power of Questions</s_text><sep/><s_text>Different Styles of Inquiry and Advocacy Leadership</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Uncertain about having reliable,  complete information</s_text><sep/><s_text>Have not yet engaged all  the relevant stakeholders</s_text><sep/><s_text>Doubt of sufficient votes and support to put plan into action</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Application: Building an Infrastructure for Learning</s_text><sep/><s_text>Tips</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Make your questions count</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Is it a Genuine question, that you don't believe you know the answer?</s_text><sep/><s_text>What kind of conversation do you imagine the question will invite?</s_text><sep/><s_text>Is the question more likely to call forth a familiar response or to invite fresh thinking?</s_text><sep/><s_text>Will this question help you probe your own assumptions?</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Remember that interrogation is not inquiry</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Interrogation is usually conducted "in an aggressive manner, especially as part of an official investigation or trial,</s_text><sep/><s_text>Designed to find faults, not innovations</s_text><sep/><s_text>Designed to assign culpability, not inspire creativity</s_text><sep/><s_text>Using interrogation may prevent further misbehavior, but will never transform conflict</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Lean your questions toward the light</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Conflict is already in darkness,  so ask/craft questions that illuminate</s_text><sep/><s_text>Forward Looking, Action-Oriented, Blame-free</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Instead of blaming, try listening more deeply</s_text><sep/><s_text>Practice inquiry especially with those you hate - and love</s_text><sep/><s_text>Take a simple listening test</s_text><sep/><s_text>Learn from the master Mediators</s_text><sep/><s_text>Listen particularly to those who have no voice</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Inquiry- based</s_text><s_relation>Different Styles of Inquiry and Advocacy Leadership</s_relation></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Conscious Conversation</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Eight forms of discourses</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>1. Verbal Brawling</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>War of words - language as weapon</s_text><sep/><s_text>Verbal attacks against the other "side"</s_text><sep/><s_text>Violations of decency and truth are common</s_text><sep/><s_text>"Loose cannons" - no sense of responsibility</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>2. Debate</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Highly polarized pro-and-con "sides" on issues</s_text><sep/><s_text>Seeks monopoly on truth - right versus wrong</s_text><sep/><s_text>Focused on wining, not compromise</s_text><sep/><s_text>No verbal threats or actual physical violence</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>3. Presentation/Q&A</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>One person (or "panel") dominates discourse</s_text><sep/><s_text>Audience may question speakers ("Q&A")</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>4. Discussion</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>No inclusive; some dominate, some never speak</s_text><sep/><s_text>Goal is information sharing, not decision making</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>5. Negotiation</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Resolving disputes by seeking common ground</s_text><sep/><s_text>Organized with two (or more) "sides" at the table</s_text><sep/><s_text>Assumes a willingness to compromise</s_text><sep/><s_text>Goal is a desirable settlement for all stakeholders</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>6. Council</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Structured process that include all voices</s_text><sep/><s_text>Establishes value of diverse points of view</s_text><sep/><s_text>No opportunity for immediate reaction or rebuttal</s_text><sep/><s_text>Fosters attentive listening and mutual respect</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>7. Dialogue</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Inquiry, not advocacy, leading to new options</s_text><sep/><s_text>Involves suspending judgement</s_text><sep/><s_text>Acknowledges value of others' positions</s_text><sep/><s_text>Develops a wider, shared knowledge base</s_text><sep/><s_text>Identifies deeper issues requiring resolution</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>8. Reflective Silence</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Innovation of quiet to shift tone and awareness</s_text><sep/><s_text>May involve use of words as"Blessing"</s_text><sep/><s_text>Can be coupled with request for reflection</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Ground Rules</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Respect</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>To show consideration</s_text><sep/><s_text>Avoid violation of</s_text><sep/><s_text>Treat with deference</s_text><sep/><s_text>Demonstrate valuing of people and process as much as outcome</s_text><sep/><s_text>No personal attack</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Fairness</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Equal time for speakers</s_text><sep/><s_text>Speak briefly, time is limited</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Listening</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>When others speak, listen - don't prepare your remarks</s_text><sep/><s_text>Listen with intent to understand</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Openness</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>To other points of view</s_text><sep/><s_text>To outcome</s_text><sep/><s_text>To each person regardless of seniority</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Privacy</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Treat sessions as confidential</s_text><sep/><s_text>Outside the retreat do onto attribute comments to others</s_text><sep/><s_text>Speak from your own experience</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Commitment</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Be present</s_text><sep/><s_text>Communicate if absent</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Tips</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Go beyond Robert's rules</s_text><sep/><s_text>Set ground rules before you need them</s_text><sep/><s_text>Make rules that everyone owns</s_text><sep/><s_text>Let go of "Winning" arguments</s_text><sep/><s_text>Replace abstraction with relationships</s_text><sep/><s_text>Get out of your comfort zone</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Dialogue</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Background: Moving Beyond Either-Or</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Howard Raiffa, The Art and Science of Negotiation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Larry Bossidy, former CEO of Honeywell</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Primacy of Dialogue vs. Debate</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Assuming that many people have pieces of the answer</s_text><sep/><s_text>Collaborative: participants work together toward common understanding</s_text><sep/><s_text>About exploring common ground</s_text><sep/><s_text>Listening to understanding, find meaning and agreement</s_text><sep/><s_text>Revealing our assumptions for reevaluation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Seeing all sides of an issue</s_text><sep/><s_text>Admitting that others' thinking can improve one's own</s_text><sep/><s_text>Searching for strengths and value in others' positions</s_text><sep/><s_text>Keeping the topic open even after the discussion formally ends</s_text><sep/><s_text>Discovering new options, not seeking closure</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Applications: Crossing the Threshold to Hope</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Laura Chasin, Public Conversation Project</s_text><sep/><s_text>When the level of mistrust prevents getting necessary work done</s_text><sep/><s_text>When fundamentally different frameworks are causing chronic misunderstanding</s_text><sep/><s_text>When Changes need to be made throughout an organization or community</s_text><sep/><s_text>When a new group enters your community, or two companies merge</s_text><sep/><s_text>When a new strategy or project requires building shared ownership and commitment</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Tips</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Seek the ripple effect</s_text><sep/><s_text>Uncover assumptions</s_text><sep/><s_text>Make hidden agenda visible</s_text><sep/><s_text>Equalize power relationship</s_text><sep/><s_text>When necessary, combine dialogue with action</s_text><sep/><s_text>When trust is low, rebuild it</s_text><sep/><s_text>Challenge arrogance with dialogue</s_text><sep/><s_text>Use respect to dissolve stereotypes</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Bridging</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Applications: The CEO of the future is a Team</s_text><sep/><s_text>Tips</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Build bridges one step at a time</s_text><sep/><s_text>Bridge idealism and practicality</s_text><sep/><s_text>Build from the middle, not only the top</s_text><sep/><s_text>Think like a minority</s_text><sep/><s_text>Raise the level of the game</s_text><sep/><s_text>Learn bridging by doing it</s_text><sep/><s_text>Think in terms of webs. not walls</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Innovation</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Application: Inspiring the system to change</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Develop new, more reliable information</s_text><sep/><s_text>Coordinate a joint inquiry</s_text><sep/><s_text>Integrating competing approaches</s_text><sep/><s_text>Create bridging organizations</s_text><sep/><s_text>Launch collaborative projects</s_text><sep/><s_text>Design better contracts, agreements, and legislation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Change the game</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Tips</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Don't seek limelight</s_text><sep/><s_text>Practice collaboration as well as preach it</s_text><sep/><s_text>Emphasize co-leaders and teams, rather than individuals</s_text><sep/><s_text>Fix the process, not just the problem</s_text><sep/><s_text>Ensure the rules are fair</s_text><sep/><s_text>Learn to dance</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>This mind map was downloaded from www.biggerplate.com</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Find more mind maps in our library</s_text><sep/><s_text>Follow us on Twitter</s_text><sep/><s_text>Find us on Facebook</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Guidelines in Times of Crisis - When Conflict Erupts</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Make time your ally</s_text><sep/><s_text>Breathe and protect yourself</s_text><sep/><s_text>Determine your goal and Focus on it</s_text><sep/><s_text>Speak to who is present</s_text><sep/><s_text>Avoid name-calling and blaming</s_text><sep/><s_text>Beware of self-righteousness</s_text><sep/><s_text>Keep your shadow in front of you</s_text><sep/><s_text>Listen to everything, but response selectively</s_text><sep/><s_text>First inquire, then fire</s_text><sep/><s_text>Consider calling in a third side</s_text><sep/><s_text>Take stock before you take sides</s_text><sep/><s_text>Listen more, speak less</s_text><sep/><s_text>Learn your adversary's "language"</s_text><sep/><s_text>Let your adversary know you</s_text><sep/><s_text>Observe the sacred rules</s_text></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Identify the elements of the mind map in this image and arrange them into structured data according to their intrinsic logical relationships.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Moscow Victory Day Parade</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>about this map</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>by wojciech korsak (Warsaw/POLAND)</s_text><sep/><s_text>all info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>intro</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>refers to the annual military parade of the Russian Armed Forces on Moscow's Red Square every 9 May during the Victory Day celebrations. The most important parade of those being held on May 9 is the one held on Moscow's Red Square, with the President of Russia as the guest of honor and keynote speaker in virtue of his constitutional mandate as Supreme Commander of the Russian Armed Forces.</s_text><sep/><s_text>According to anthropologist Sergey Ushakin, modern victory parades are intended to demonstrate the direct and immediate connection of the present with the past and to materialize the connection between generations.[1] Long time parade commander Oleg Salyukov described them as a "celebration for people, not show of militarism" referring to accusations of the parade being used as show of Russian military might.[2]</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>place</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Russia</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Vladimir Putin</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Moscow</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>gallery</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>The combined regiment of the Russian Aerospace Forces on parade.</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Spasskaya Tower</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>The trooping of the Russia Flag and the Banner of Victory.</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>The parade report.</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>The inspection of troops.</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment.</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>The Combined Arms Academy opening the active duty portion of the ground column.</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>The mobile column.</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>The flypast.</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>The marchpast of the massed bands.</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>President Putin greeting the commanders of parade formations.</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>President Putin (center), General Shoygu (left) and General Salyukov (right) walkong to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>German Chancellor Angela Merkel (secon from the left) takes part in the wreath laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier during the Victory Day parade on 09 May 2010 in Moscow © EPA/MIKHAIL KLIMENTYEV/RIA NOVOSTI/KREMLIN POOL</s_text><s_relation>()</s_relation><s_node-3></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>History</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>The first military parade on Red Square in honor of the defeat of Nazi Germany took place with the participation of the Soviet Armed Forces and a guest appearance by a small detachment from the First Polish Army on 24 June 1945. It was the longest and largest parade in the Soviet capital, lasting hours and utilizing 40,000 Red Army soldiers as well as 1,850 military vehicles. It took place over a month after the victory actually took place on 9 May, the day of Germany's surrender. Intensive preparations for the parade took place in late May and early June in Moscow. The preliminary rehearsal of the Victory Parade took place at Khodynka Aerodrome, and the general rehearsal on Red Square on June 22. The day after the parade, a reception was held in the Grand Kremlin Palace in honor of the participants in the Victory Parade.[3] After the 1945 parade, Victory Day became obsolete in the Soviet Union, with parades only being held on major jubilee, in part to make favor for the October Revolution Day parade which took place every year in the winter. In the decades that followed, 3 parades were held: in 1965, 1985,[4][5] and 1990.[6][7][8][9]</s_text><sep/><s_text>Parades were not held between 1991-1994, partly because First Deputy Prime Minister Gennady Burbulis thought of it as impractical primarily based on the state of the country at that time, particularly in terms of costs and expenses.[10] The Victory Day Parade of 1995 was held to commemorate the golden jubilee of the Soviet victory in the war.[11] It was the first one held in the newly formed Russian Federation, taking place 5 years after the fall of the Soviet Union. The parade was divided into two parts, a full military parade on Poklonnaya Hill and a veterans ceremony on Red Square. The 2020 edition of the parade, marking the 75th anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany, was postponed due to the coronavirus pandemic.[12][13] It was the first time since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resumption of military parades in 1995 that parade was to be cancelled on a holiday itself.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Full order of the parade</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>The parade march past order, since the parade of 2010, is arranged in the following manner as it passes before the dignitaries:</s_text><sep/><s_text>Corps of Drums, Moscow Military Music College</s_text><sep/><s_text>154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment Honor Guard and Color Guard</s_text><sep/><s_text>Youth contingents</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Survorov and Nakhimov Military Schools</s_text><sep/><s_text>Cadet Corps colleges of the Armed Forces and other uniformed organizations</s_text><sep/><s_text>Young Army Cadets National Movement Moscow Area (led by the Chairman, includes female students of the Moscow National Pensions School Cadet Corps)</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Combined Regiment of the Russian Ground Forces</s_text><sep/><s_text>Combined Regiment of the Russian Aerospace Forces</s_text><sep/><s_text>Combined Regiment of the Russian Navy</s_text><sep/><s_text>Regiment of female cadets of Armed Forces academies (starting 2016 as a battalion, expanded to full regiment in 2017)</s_text><sep/><s_text>Strategic Missile Forces</s_text><sep/><s_text>Russian Airborne Forces</s_text><sep/><s_text>Other military services (e.g.Military Police, NBC Protection Military Academy, Russian Railway Troops)</s_text><sep/><s_text>Affiliated uniformed services</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Ministry of Emergency Situations</s_text><sep/><s_text>Border Service of the Federal Security Service</s_text><sep/><s_text>Separate Operational Purpose Division of the National Guard of Russia's National Guard Forces Command</s_text><sep/><s_text>Police of Russia</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Military forces of the 1st Guards Tank Army, Western Military District</s_text><sep/><s_text>Moscow Higher Military Command School Supreme Soviet of Russia</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Presiding officers</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>1945</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>MarshalKonstantin Rokossovsky</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>MarshalGeorgy Zhukov</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Marshal Georgy Zhukov receiving a report from Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky during the parade</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>1965</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>General of the ArmyAfanasy Beloborodov</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>MarshalRodion Malinovsky</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>1985</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>General of the ArmyPyotr Lushev</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>MarshalSergey Sokolov</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>1990</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Colonel GeneralNikolai Vasilyevich Kalinin</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>MarshalDmitry Yazov</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>1995</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>General of the ArmyVladimir Govorov/Colonel General Leonid Kuznetsov</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>MarshalViktor Kulikov/General of the ArmyPavel Grachev</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>1996</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Colonel General Leonid Kuznetsov</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>General of the ArmyPavel Grachev</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>1997</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Lieutenant General Igor Puzanov</s_text><sep/><s_text>Colonel General Leonid Kuznetsov</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>1998</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Colonel General Leonid Kuznetsov</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>MarshalIgor Sergeyev</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>1999</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Colonel General Igor Puzanov</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>MarshalIgor Sergeyev</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>2000</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>General of the ArmyVladimir Govorov/Colonel General Igor Puzanov</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>MarshalIgor Sergeyev</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>2001-2003</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Colonel General Nikolai Makarov</s_text><sep/><s_text>Sergei Ivanov</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>2004-2005</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>General of the ArmyIvan Yefremov</s_text><sep/><s_text>Sergei Ivanov</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>2006</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Colonel GeneralVladimir Bakin</s_text><sep/><s_text>Sergei Ivanov</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>2007-2008</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>General of the ArmyVladimir Bakin</s_text><sep/><s_text>Anatoliy Serdyukov</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>2009-2012</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Colonel GeneralValery Gerasimov[19]</s_text><sep/><s_text>Anatoliy Serdyukov</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>2013</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Colonel GeneralVladimir Chirkin</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>General of the ArmySergey Shoygu</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>2014-2018</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Colonel GeneralOleg Salyukov</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>General of the ArmySergey Shoygu</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>2019-2020</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>General of the ArmyOleg Salyukov</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>General of the ArmySergey Shoygu</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Identify and output all the nodes and their interconnections in this mind map image.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>LA GUERRE CIVILE EN SYRIE</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>LE PAYS</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>République Arabe syrienne</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Forme de l'État</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>République</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Président</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Bachar el-Assad</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Langue officielle</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Arabe</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Capitale</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Damas</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Indépendance</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>17 avril 1946</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Hafez el-Assad accède au pouvoir</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Devient l'homme fort de la Syrie</s_text><sep/><s_text>Nouveau 1er Ministre</s_text><sep/><s_text>Politique autoritaire</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Parti unique du Baas</s_text><sep/><s_text>Contrôle de l'ensemble de la vie politique</s_text><sep/><s_text>Massacre de Hama</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Président jusqu'à sa mort en 2000</s_text><sep/><s_text>Bachar, son fils, lui succède</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>CONFLIT SYRIEN DE 2011-2013</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Appel à manifester non suivi</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Exemple des révolutions du Printemps Arabe</s_text><sep/><s_text>Appel sur Facebook à manifester</s_text><sep/><s_text>Arrestation et intimidation</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>la Syrie garde en mémoire le massacre de Hama</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Révolte de Deraa - Mars 2011</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Nouvel appel sur facebook</s_text><sep/><s_text>Nouvelle manifestation a lieu à Damas le 15 Mars</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Dispersée par les forces de l'ordre</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Extension à tout le pays - mars et avril 2011</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Parties internes au conflit</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Une frange d'armé se constitue</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>l'Armée Syrienne Libre (ASL)</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>camp en Turquie</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>en partie formé par de Jihadistes</s_text><sep/><s_text>Proche de la mouvance de Al Qaida</s_text></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>armée par</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>Turquie</s_text><sep/><s_text>Arabie Saoudite</s_text><sep/><s_text>Qatar</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Le mouvement des officiers libres</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Conseil National Syrien (CNS)</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>reconnu par l'ASL</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Coalition nationale des forces de l'opposition et de la révolution</s_text><sep/><s_text>Le gouvernement Syrien</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Réactions Internationales</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>d'un côté</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Israël</s_text><sep/><s_text>États-Unis</s_text><sep/><s_text>Une grande partie des pays arabes</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>de l'autre</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Chine</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Maintien son veto contre les projets de résolution de l'ONU</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Russie</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>fournisseur d'arme</s_text><sep/><s_text>Maintien son veto contre les projets de résolution de l'ONU</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Inde</s_text><sep/><s_text>Brésil</s_text><sep/><s_text>Vénézuela</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Chavez apportait son soutien à son "ami" Bachar</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Tous les États favorables à la résolution du conflit</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>En Europe</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Série de sanctions contre la Syrie</s_text><sep/><s_text>Condamne les violences</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Aux États-Unis</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Sanctions économiques</s_text><sep/><s_text>Embargo total sur les importations de pétrole</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>ONU</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Conclusion de la commission d'enquêteur des droits de l'homme</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>crimes de guerre</s_text><sep/><s_text>crimes contre l'humanité</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>This mind map was downloaded from www.biggerplate.com</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Find more mind maps in our library</s_text><sep/><s_text>Follow us on Twitter</s_text><sep/><s_text>Find us on Facebook</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>L'ARRIVÉE DE HAFEZ EL.ASSAD</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Coup d'État de Chichakli</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Décembre 1949</s_text><sep/><s_text>Le parlement est dissout</s_text><sep/><s_text>Accord proposé par les États-Unis et le Royaume-Unis</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Adhésion de Chichakli au pacte de Bagdad</s_text><sep/><s_text>Les réfugiés palestiniens doivent être considérés comme des syriens à part entière</s_text><sep/><s_text>Refus de certains partis politique</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Chiklakli refuse l'accord</s_text><sep/><s_text>Il sera renversé</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>République Arabe Unie</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>1er février 1958 union avec l'Égypte</s_text><sep/><s_text>Interdiction des partis politiques syriens</s_text><sep/><s_text>Coup d'État en 1961</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Rétablissement de la République Arabe Syrienne</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>République Arabe Syrienne</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Grande instabilité politique</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Divers coups d'État</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>8 Mars 1963</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Coup d'État du parti Baas</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Gouvernement Baassiste</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Projet d'union avec l'Égypte et l'Irak abandonné</s_text><sep/><s_text>Un groupe militaire renverse le parti Baas</s_text><sep/><s_text>Politique plus régionaliste et non panarabe</s_text><sep/><s_text>Guerre des 6 jours perdue par Égyptien et Syrie</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Affaiblissement du gouvernement</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Coup d'État du premier ministre du parti Baas</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Hafez el.Assad</s_text><sep/><s_text>Le 13 Novembre 1970</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>HISTOIRE</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Une des plus vieille civilisation du Monde</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Les Amorrites</s_text><sep/><s_text>Damas fondée en -3000 av. JC</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Pays significatif dans l'histoire du christianisme</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Saint Paul converti sur la route de Damas</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Occupation des Ottomans</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>1517-1918</s_text><sep/><s_text>Révolte arabe en 1918</s_text><sep/><s_text>Création du royaume arabe syrien indépendant</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Fayçal 1er roi</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Indépendance</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>1946 - Indépendance définitive du pays</s_text><sep/><s_text>Premier président du pays</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Hachem al-Atassi</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Mandat Français</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Occupation en 1920</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Exil de Fayçal en Irak</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>La France et le Royaume-Unis se partage le Moyen-Orient</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Accords Sykes-Picot</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Fin à la Syrie Historique</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Montée du nationalisme</s_text><sep/><s_text>Révolte contre l'armée française</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Premier président du mandat Français</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Mohamed Ali Bey al-Abed</s_text><sep/><s_text>Premiers pourparlers en 1936 pour l'indépendance</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


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[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>United States European Command</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>about this map</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>by wojciech korsak</s_text><sep/><s_text>all information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_European_Command</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>intro</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>The United States European Command (EUCOM) is one of ten Unified Combatant Commands of the United States military, headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. Its area of focus covers 21,000,000 square miles (54,000,000 km2) and 51 countries and territories, including Europe, Russia, Greenland, and Israel. The Commander of the United States EUCOM simultaneously serves as the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR) within NATO—an intergovernmental military alliance. During the Gulf War and Operation Northern Watch, EUCOM controlled the forces flying from Incirlik Air Base.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>History and significant operations</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Prior to 1952, the title "European Command (EUCOM)" referred to a single-service, United States Army command. The senior U.S. Army administrative command in the European region had previously been designated European Theater of Operations United States Army (ETOUSA) from 8 June 1942 – 1 July 1945; USFET from 1 July 1945 – 15 March 1947; and then EUCOM 15 March 1947 – 1 August 1952.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The first unified command in the European area was established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 1 August 1952. Designated the U.S. European Command (USEUCOM), it was established to provide "unified command and authority" over all U.S. forces in Europe.[1] Prior to 1 August 1952, the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Army presence in Europe maintained separate commands that reported directly to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The respective titles of the service commands were: Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE); Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Naval Forces, Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean; and Commander-in-Chief, U.S. European Command. In line with the creation of the joint-service European Command, the Army command in Europe was redesignated U.S. Army Europe on 1 August 1952.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The unified command structure was born of the need to address changes wrought not only by America's rapid post-war demobilization but the end of the occupation of Germany in 1949. Questions arose over the U.S. commitment to the defense of Western Europe against the Soviet Union (USSR). Providing for the common defense was a great concern, especially after the Berlin Crisis of 1948–49 when the Soviet Union blocked access to the divided city and the U.S. and United Kingdom responded with an unprecedented airlift. In 1949 the allies established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).</s_text><sep/><s_text>In 1952 the area of responsibility included continental Europe, the United Kingdom, North Africa and Turkey. The AOR was subsequently expanded to include Southwest Asia as far east as Iran and as far south as Saudi Arabia.</s_text><sep/><s_text>After the Korean War began, the perceived threat to Europe grew. In early 1951, NATO established Allied Command Europe. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was called from retirement to become the first Supreme Allied Commander Europe. The United States sent massive reinforcements to Europe to deter the Soviet Union. From 1950 to 1953 United States military personnel in Europe grew from 120,000 to over 400,000. United States Air Forces in Europe grew from three groups with 35,000 personnel to eleven wings with 136,000 personnel. Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean doubled to more than 40 warships. United States Army, Europe, grew from one infantry division and three constabulary regiments to two corps with five divisions (including two mobilized National Guard divisions) and in November 1950 activated a new field army, Seventh Army, at Patch Barracks, Stuttgart. The Army activated the 10th Special Forces Group at Fort Bragg in 1952 and deployed it to Bad Tölz in November 1953 for unconventional warfare missions in the Soviet Bloc countries. To provide for national command within NATO and to help control this build-up of forces, Gen. Eisenhower proposed a separate command for all United States forces in Europe. Because the senior United States commander would continue as Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Eisenhower recommended giving "a maximum of delegated authority" to a four-star deputy.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Eisenhower returned to the United States just as the new command was established. The first United States Commander-in-Chief Europe (USCINCEUR) was General Matthew Ridgway, former commander of Eighth Army and the Far East Command during the Korean War. His deputy was General Thomas T. Handy, commander of United States Army, Europe.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Headquarters EUCOM initially shared the I.G. Farben Building in Frankfurt, Germany, with Headquarters United States Army, Europe. By 1953 over 400,000 U.S. troops were stationed in Europe. In 1954, the headquarters moved to Camp des Loges, a French Army base west of Paris and a short distance from SHAPE. There, EUCOM prepared plans for the defense of Western Europe within the NATO framework against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. EUCOM used the Military Assistance Program to help its NATO partners build their military capabilities, including after 1955 the German Bundeswehr. In 1955, EUCOM established a Support Operations Command Europe, soon renamed Support Operations Task Force Europe (later became Special Operations, Europe) for special operations missions. In 1961, EUCOM began operating an airborne command post, Operation Silk Purse.</s_text><sep/><s_text>During the 1961 Berlin Crisis, on 25 August 1961, the Department of Defense announced 148,000 reserve personnel would be called on 1 October for twelve months of active duty service. 27,000 of these would be from Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard flying squadrons and support units to augment the Air Force, and 112,000 were U.S. Army Reserve. Many Army Reservists were sent to Europe to bring ground combat units up to full strength.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Civil war broke out in Lebanon in 1958 due to mounting religious and political conflicts (see "1958 Lebanon crisis"). EUCOM conducted a major contingency operation, Operation Blue Bat, in response to Lebanon's request to restore stability within the government.</s_text><sep/><s_text>In 1966, following disagreements by the French with certain NATO military policies, President Charles de Gaulle stated that all forces within France's borders would have to come under French control by April 1969. Soon afterward, France announced that SHAPE and its subordinate headquarters must leave French territory by April 1967.[2] The following year, SHAPE moved to Mons, Belgium, while Headquarters EUCOM moved to Patch Barracks in Stuttgart, Germany. Headquarters Seventh Army moved to Heidelberg, where it merged with Headquarters United States Army, Europe. At Patch Barracks, EUCOM renovated the buildings, built a new operations center, and modernized communications infrastructure.</s_text><sep/><s_text>EUCOM continued to prepare for the defense of Europe and began a series of annual REFORGER (Return of Forces to Germany) exercises in 1967. Cold War crises continued, including the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. But, because of the Vietnam War, the number of the American forces in Europe slowly declined. Troop strength in Europe fell to 265,000 by 1970.</s_text><sep/><s_text>During the 1970s, force protection concerns in Europe increased as terrorist groups, such as the Red Army Faction and the Red Brigades, targeted American facilities and personnel with bombings, kidnapping and assassinations. Palestinian terrorist organizations conducted terror operations in Europe, such as the kidnapping of Israeli athletes during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.</s_text><sep/><s_text>EUCOM and its components continued to provide military assistance throughout Europe, as well as humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, noncombatant evacuation, support to peacekeeping operations, and other non-traditional missions in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. For example, after the Congo became independent in 1960, EUCOM joined in several multinational operations in that country, including peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, and noncombatant evacuation in 1960, November 1964 (Operation Dragon Rouge), the 1967 second Stanleyville mutiny and again in 1978 (during Shaba II). In the Middle East, EUCOM provided military assistance to Israel and noncombatant evacuation of American citizens in 1967, 1973, and 1982–1984.</s_text><sep/><s_text>In the late 1970s, the Soviet Union deployed SS-20 intermediate-range ballistic missiles into Eastern Europe and in 1979 invaded Afghanistan. NATO responded with a "two-track" decision to step up negotiations while deploying American intermediate-range Pershing II missiles and Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) to counter Soviet actions.</s_text><sep/><s_text>During the 1980s, American forces in Europe increased to over 350,000. EUCOM established Fleet Marine Force Europe (later MARFOREUR) in 1980.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The 1983 Unified Command Plan transferred responsibility for the Middle East from EUCOM to a new combatant command, U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM), but EUCOM retained responsibility for Israel, Lebanon and Syria. At the same time, EUCOM was formally assigned responsibility for Africa south of the Sahara. Thus the area of responsibility became Europe (including the United Kingdom and Ireland), the Mediterranean Sea (including the islands), and the Mediterranean littoral (excluding Egypt, Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and Djibouti).</s_text><sep/><s_text>The Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986, together with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Colin L. Powell, who served from 1989 to 1993, further strengthened the role of combatant commanders. Goldwater-Nichols also established United States Special Operations Command, which led to the activation of a new sub-unified command, Special Operations Command, Europe.</s_text><sep/><s_text>During the 1980s, negotiations continued with the Soviet Union on strategic and theater-level arms limitation. In 1987, the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) called an end to the deployment of SS-20s, Pershing IIs and GLCMs. In 1990, NATO and Warsaw Pact members signed a treaty on conventional armed forces in Europe (CFE).</s_text><sep/><s_text>In 1989, the Soviet Union and other Soviet Bloc countries in Eastern Europe collapsed and the Cold War came to an end. The citizens from both East and West Berlin began tearing down the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989. As a sign of reduced tensions, in 1991 EUCOM took its airborne command post off alert. Meanwhile, in 1991, EUCOM and its components provided forces -primarily VII Corps- to CENTCOM for Operation Desert Storm.</s_text><sep/><s_text>EUCOM supports programs in former Soviet Bloc countries such as the Joint Contract Team Program, NATO Partnership for Peace and the National Guard Bureau State Partnership Program. It was also active in operations in the Balkans, including Bosnia, Macedonia and Kosovo. During this time, EUCOM's assigned forces were lowered below 120,000.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Since 1990, EUCOM has hosted or co-hosted the annual International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference, the only one of its kind in the world, working to foster cooperation among religious leaders and understanding of religion as both a force for war and a force for peace.</s_text><sep/><s_text>In 1999, changes to the command's area of responsibility were announced, after amendments to the Unified Command Plan. The United States Atlantic Command areas that had included the waters off Europe and the west coast of Africa were to be transferred to European Command.[3] U.S. European Command already had responsibility for all U.S. land and air military planning in Europe and most of Africa. The change gave EUCOM the responsibility for maritime planning in the same general area of operations. The changes were made effective on Oct. 1, 2000. The Atlantic Command areas that presently include the waters off Europe and the west coast of Africa were also transferred to European Command.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Immediately after the terrorist attacks against New York and Washington, D.C., on 11 September 2001, NATO invoked Article V of the treaty and deployed NATO early warning aircraft to help monitor the skies over North America. EUCOM provided major forces for subsequent operations in Afghanistan and stepped up its efforts to protect United States interests in Europe and Africa. Subsequent terrorist attacks in the EUCOM theater in Casablanca, Madrid, London and Algiers prompted EUCOM to launch Operation Enduring Freedom Trans-Sahara in 2007 while continuing to provide rotational forces to Afghanistan and Iraq.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The 2002 Unified Command Plan transferred responsibility for Lebanon and Syria to CENTCOM, but EUCOM retained responsibility for Israel, and assumed responsibility for Russia (formerly held by the Joint Staff) and for an increased portion of the North Atlantic, to include Iceland and the Portuguese Azores (formerly held by the U.S. Joint Forces Command).</s_text><sep/><s_text>Joint Task Force East provided from forces rotating from continental United States though bases in Bulgaria and Romania, was initially intended to be provided by a rotating US-based brigade. Two bases at Constanţa, Romania were developed, apparently with the main facility at Mihail Kogălniceanu Airfield. Initially however, Joint Task Force East was to have been provided by a rotational 2nd Cavalry Regiment Stryker squadron. The Task Force was originally planned to be called the Eastern Europe Task Force. However, since the stresses of the Iraq and Afghan deployments, the army provision of Joint Task Force East has been replaced by a Marine force known as the Black Sea Rotational Force.</s_text><sep/><s_text>In 2003, the headquarters reorganized to establish the EUCOM Plans and Operations Center (EPOC). From 2006 to 2008, EUCOM helped stand-up a new geographic unified combatant command, United States Africa Command (AFRICOM), which moved to nearby Kelley Barracks and took over responsibility for Department of Defense activities in Africa on 1 October 2008.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Timeline</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>1967: U.S. European Command headquarters moves to Patch Barracks, Stuttgart, Germany.</s_text><sep/><s_text>1970: 265,000 US troops stationed in Europe.</s_text><sep/><s_text>1980: 350,000 US troops stationed in Europe.</s_text><sep/><s_text>1983: U.S. Central Command is established and takes over responsibility for DoD activities in the Middle East from EUCOM.</s_text><sep/><s_text>1990: VII Corps (US Army) and other USAREUR units are deployed from EUCOM to Saudi Arabia for the Gulf War.</s_text><sep/><s_text>1992: VII Corps (US Army) after redeploying from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait is withdrawn from EUCOM and inactivated.</s_text><sep/><s_text>1999: US troops stationed in Europe fall below 120,000.</s_text><sep/><s_text>2002: V Corps (US Army) is deployed from EUCOM to Kuwait for the Iraq War invasion.</s_text><sep/><s_text>2003: General James L. Jones becomes the first US Marine to be EUCOM Commander.</s_text><sep/><s_text>2006: V Corps (US Army) is deployed from EUCOM to Iraq as the command and control element for Multi-National Corps–Iraq.</s_text><sep/><s_text>2008: U.S. Africa Command is established and takes over responsibility for DoD activities in Africa from EUCOM.</s_text><sep/><s_text>2009: Navy Admiral James G. Stavridis becomes EUCOM's 15th Commander and the first Navy Admiral to lead the HQ.</s_text><sep/><s_text>2012: V Corps (US Army) is deployed from EUCOM to Afghanistan, providing command and control of all United States ground forces engaged in the theater.[4]</s_text><sep/><s_text>2013: V Corps (US Army) is inactivated after redeploying from Afghanistan, leaving EUCOM without a Corps HQ for the first time since 1951.[5]</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operations</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>1950s</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Lebanon Crisis 1958 – USEUCOM transported 2,000 troops and more than 4.5 million tons of equipment to Lebanon.</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>1960s</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Congo Crisis 1960 – USEUCOM transported UN troops and cargo to the Congo.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Cyprus Crisis 1964 – USEUCOM positioned ships near the island to conduct evacuation of non military personnel and deterrent operations if needed.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Congo Crisis 1964 – USEUCOM transported Belgian paratroopers in a rescue operation in the Congo.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Cyprus Crisis 1965 – Airlifted UN peacekeepers and equipment to Cyprus.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Congo Crisis 1967 – Provided airlift support for supplies, Congolese troops, and refugees.</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>1970s</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Jordan Hostage Crisis 1970</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Nickel Grass 1973 – Support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Night Reach 1973 – Transported UN peacekeepers to Middle East at end of Yom Kippur War.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Cyprus Crisis 1974</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Nimrod Spar 1974/1975 – Cleared the Suez Canal.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Airlift 1978 – Airlifted multinational forces to Zaire to counter invasion by Angola.</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>1980s</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Iranian Hostage Crisis 1981 – Release of 52 hostages held for 444 days.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Hostage Crisis 1982 – Italy – Release of Brigadier General James L. Dozier.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Arid Farmer 1983 – Supported in the Crisis in Chad.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Beirut Bombing 1983 – USEUCOM coordinated evacuation and treatment of wounded Marines and identified and returned to CONUS the remains of 241 Marines killed.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Beirut Air Bridge 1984–1998 – Provided administrative and logistical support the US Embassy in Beirut.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Eldorado Canyon 1986 – USAF and USN air strikes on Libya in retaliation for terrorist bombing of La Belle Disco in West Berlin.</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>1990s</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Operation Steel Box/Golden Python 1990 – Supported withdrawal of chemical munitions from Germany and coordination of delivery/transport to Johnson Atoll.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Hostage Situation 1990–1992 – Hostage release support for Americans kidnapped and held in the Middle East.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Desert Storm and Proven Force 1991 – War to remove Iraq from Kuwait.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Provide Comfort II 1991 – Kurdish security zone in northern Iraq.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Restore Hope 1992–1994 – Assisted in US Somalian security efforts.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Deny Flight 1993–1995 – Support to UN/NATO enforcement of no-fly zone over Bosnia-Herzegovina.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Sharp Guard 1993–1996</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Able Sentry/Sabre 1993–1999 – Task force attached to UN Preventive Deployment Force in Macedonia to monitor border activity.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Vigilant Warrior 1994 – Response to Iraqi buildup along Kuwait border.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation United Shield 1995 – Support of US withdrawal from Somalia.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Quick Lift 1995 – Support of NATO Rapid Reaction Force and Croatia forces deployment to Bosnia-Herzegovina.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Nomad Vigil 1995 – deployment to Albania in support of Predator Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Deliberate Force 1995 – NATO air strikes on Bosnian Serb military forces.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Desert Strike 1996 – Missile Strikes on Iraq.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Northern Watch 1997–present – Enforcement of No Fly Zone over northern Iraq.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Assured Lift 1997 – In support of Liberian cease-fire monitoring.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation High Flight 1997 – Search and Rescue effort at Windhoek, Namibia.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operations Phoenix Scorpion I & II 1997–1998 – support to UN weapons inspectors in Iraq.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Auburn Endeavor 1998 – relocation of uranium fuel from Tbilisi, Georgia.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Determined Falcon 1998 – Show of Force over Albania near Kosovo.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Calm Support 1998–1999 – Support to Kosovo Diplomatic Observer Mission mission to Kosovo.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Resolute Response 1998 – Support to US embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Flexible Anvil/Sky Anvil 1998 – Planning for Balkan/Kosovo operations.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Eagle Eye 1998–1999 – Monitoring compliance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1199 in Kosovo.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Desert Fox 1998 – Air Strikes on Iraq.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Allied Force JTF Noble Anvil 1999 – Air war over Serbia to withdraw forces from Kosovo.</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>2000s</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Operation Essential Harvest 2001 – Successful NATO program to disarm NLA in Macedonia.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Enduring Freedom 2001–present – USEUCOM theater planning and execution of the Global War on Terrorism.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Operation Avid Recovery 2002 – Explosive Ordance Disposal support to Nigeria.</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Structure</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>The main service component commands of EUCOM are the United States Army Europe, United States Naval Forces Europe/U.S. Sixth Fleet, United States Air Forces in Europe and United States Marine Corps Forces, Europe</s_text><sep/><s_text>The United States Army Europe (formerly Seventh Army) is based in Germany. It controls two brigades, one aviation brigade, and several supporting units while also providing support to other Army units in Europe. Previously it had two divisions, although for almost all of the Cold War it controlled two corps of two divisions each. V Corps was deactivated in 2013 upon its return from Afghanistan. VII Corps was deactivated in 1992 after returning to Germany after the Gulf War.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The Sixth Fleet provides ships to NATO Joint Force Command Naples' Operation Active Endeavour, deterring threats to shipping in the Straits of Gibraltar and the remainder of the Mediterranean. Joint Task Force Aztec Silence, a special operations force established under the command of Commander, Sixth Fleet, has been involved in fighting Operation Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara. It also has a growing role around the shores of West and East Africa, under the direction of United States Africa Command. It previously had a significant Mediterranean presence function against the Soviet Navy's 5th Operational Squadron (Mediterranean Squadron, effectively fleet sized), and for most of the Cold War was the most powerful maritime striking force along NATO's southern flank.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The United States Air Forces in Europe, the Wing-support command, and Third Air Force, USAFE's Warfighting Headquarters are both based at Ramstein Air Base in Germany. They are now much reduced from their high Cold War strength and provide a pool of airpower closer to many trouble spots than aircraft flying from the United States.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The United States Marine Corps Forces, Europe is headquartered in Panzer Kaserne in Böblingen (Stuttgart), Germany, and serves as the Marine Corps component of EUCOM. MARFOREUR is integral in the planning and execution of Black Sea Rotational Force.</s_text><sep/><s_text>A subordinate unified command of EUCOM is SOCEUR (Special Operations Command Europe), headquartered at Patch Barracks in Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany. Special forces units within the AOR include the 352nd Special Operations Group of the USAF, based at RAF Mildenhall in the UK, a U.S. Navy SEALs unit, and Naval Special Warfare Unit 2 and 1st BN, 10th Special Forces Group located at Panzer Kaserne, Germany.</s_text><sep/><s_text>EUCOM is also headquartered at Patch Barracks in Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany. The Iceland Defense Force also formed part of EUCOM from 2002, when it was transferred from Joint Forces Command in the October 2002 Unified Command Plan change,[7] until 2006 when it was disestablished.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The Kaiserslautern Military Community is the largest U.S. community outside of the U.S., while the Landstuhl Regional Medical Center is the largest U.S. military hospital overseas, treating wounded Soldiers from Iraq and Afghanistan.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Service components</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>United States Army Europe (USAREUR) (Lucius D. Clay Kaserne, Wiesbaden, Germany):[8]</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment: Rose Barracks, Vilseck, Germany[9]</s_text><sep/><s_text>173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team: Vicenza, Italy[10]</s_text><sep/><s_text>12th Combat Aviation Brigade: Katterbach Kaserne, Ansbach, Germany[11]</s_text><sep/><s_text>7th Army Joint Multinational Training Command: Grafenwoehr, Germany</s_text><sep/><s_text>US Army NATO Brigade: Heuberg Kaserne, Sembach, Germany</s_text><sep/><s_text>19th Battlefield Coordination Detachment: Kaiserslautern, Germany</s_text><sep/><s_text>10th Army Air & Missile Defense Command: Kaiserslautern, Germany[12]</s_text><sep/><s_text>21st Theater Sustainment Command: Panzer Kaserne, Kaiserslautern, Germany</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>16th Sustainment Brigade: Smith Barracks, Baumholder, Germany</s_text><sep/><s_text>18th Military Police Brigade: Grafenwoehr, Germany</s_text><sep/><s_text>30th Medical Brigade: Sembach, Germany</s_text><sep/><s_text>7th Mission Support Command: Kaiserslautern, Germany</s_text><sep/><s_text>1st Human Resources Sustainment Center</s_text><sep/><s_text>405th Army Field Support Brigade: Daenner Kaserne, Kaiserslautern, Germany</s_text><sep/><s_text>409th Contracting Support Brigade: Kaiserslautern, Germany</s_text><sep/><s_text>266th Financial Management Support Center</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>United States Naval Forces Europe (NAVEUR) (Naples, Italy):</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>United States Sixth Fleet (Naples, Italy)</s_text><sep/><s_text>Navy Region Europe (Naples, Italy)</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) (Ramstein Air Base, Germany):</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Third Air Force (Ramstein Air Base, Germany)</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>United States Marine Corps Forces, Europe (MARFOREUR) (Panzer Kaserne, Böblingen, Germany)</s_text><sep/><s_text>U.S. European Command administers the low-profile U.S. military storage installations in Israel. William Arkin in his book Code Names revealed the locations of some of the American bases in Israel.[13] Arkin writes that the sites do not appear on maps, and their exact locations are classified. According to the book, some of the sites are located at Ben Gurion Airport, Nevatim, Ovda air base, and in Herzliya Pituah. The sites are numbered as "site 51," "site 53," "site 54," "site 55" and "site 56." Some of the depots are underground, others were built as open hangars. According to Arkin, site 51 holds ammunition and equipment in underground depots. Site 53 is munitions storage and war reserve vehicles at Israeli Air Force bases, site 54 is an emergency military hospital near Tel Aviv with 500 beds, and Sites 55 and 56 are ammunition depots.</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Commanders-in-chief / commanders</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>General Matthew Ridgway</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>30 May 1952</s_text><sep/><s_text>11 July 1953</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Alfred Gruenther</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>1 July 1953</s_text><sep/><s_text>20 November 1956</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Lauris Norstad</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Air Force</s_text><sep/><s_text>20 November 1956</s_text><sep/><s_text>1 January 1963</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Lyman Lemnitzer</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>1 January 1963</s_text><sep/><s_text>1 July 1969</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Andrew Goodpaster</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>1 July 1969</s_text><sep/><s_text>15 December 1974</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Alexander M. Haig, Jr.</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>15 December 1974</s_text><sep/><s_text>1 July 1979</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Bernard W. Rogers</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>1 July 1979</s_text><sep/><s_text>26 June 1987</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General John Galvin</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>26 June 1987</s_text><sep/><s_text>23 June 1992</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General John Shalikashvili</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>23 June 1992</s_text><sep/><s_text>22 October 1993</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General George Joulwan</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>22 October 1993</s_text><sep/><s_text>11 July 1997</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Wesley Clark</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>11 July 1997</s_text><sep/><s_text>3 May 2000</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Joseph Ralston</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Air Force</s_text><sep/><s_text>3 May 2000</s_text><sep/><s_text>17 January 2003</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General James L. Jones</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Marine Corps</s_text><sep/><s_text>17 January 2003</s_text><sep/><s_text>7 December 2006</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Bantz J. Craddock</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>7 December 2006</s_text><sep/><s_text>30 June 2009</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Admiral James G. Stavridis</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Navy</s_text><sep/><s_text>30 June 2009</s_text><sep/><s_text>10 May 2013</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Philip M. Breedlove</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Air Force</s_text><sep/><s_text>10 May 2013</s_text><sep/><s_text>3 May 2016</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>General Curtis M. Scaparrotti</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>U.S. Army</s_text><sep/><s_text>3 May 2016</s_text><sep/><s_text>Incumbent</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>