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[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Trade Marks</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>History</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Earlier there was direct connection between the consumer and seller</s_text><sep/><s_text>then production mark (guild brand)</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>but only for goods</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>not services</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>protection of the get up of a business</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Knott v Morgan</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Trade Marks Act 1875</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>TM cannot be an object of trafficking</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>meant to protect the goods, not licence them</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Reform of the TM law White Paper</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>TM</s_text><sep/><s_text>Service marks</s_text><sep/><s_text>distinction still survives the USA</s_text><s_relation>TM<sep/>Service marks</s_relation></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Theory</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>trespass to property</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>no evidence of confusion necessary</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Nature</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Exclusive right</s_text><sep/><s_text>Personal property</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>pro</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>exclusive rights</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>contra</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>can be destroyed</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>removed from the Register</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>invalid</s_text><sep/><s_text>revoked</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Stakeholders</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>proprietor</s_text><sep/><s_text>competitor</s_text><sep/><s_text>consumer</s_text><sep/><s_text>state</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Functions</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>origin</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>wide meaning --- (essential function is to guarantee the identity of origin of the marked goods ... by enabling to distinguish the goods from others which have another origin)</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>allows to identify supplier</s_text><sep/><s_text>not just were it was produced</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>product differentiation</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>TMA 1994</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>quality guarantee (indicator)</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>quality</s_text><sep/><s_text>--- (chocolate biscuits - Penguins - Puffins - no confusion in TM, but passing off succeeded)</s_text><sep/><s_text>It must offer a guarantee that all goods are manufactured and supplied under the control of a single undertaking which is responsible for their quality</s_text><sep/><s_text>Consumers interest is based on the assumption that goods of the same origin will be of the same quality ... rewarding the manufacturer who consistently produces high-quality goods</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>identification</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>only function until TMA 1994</s_text><sep/><s_text>create and retain custom - [Schechter]</s_text><sep/><s_text>anything which reduces the identification function is infringing - trade is not necessary</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Reed argued that producer was not important - it was used as a badge of allegiance</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>provide consumers with an identity</s_text><sep/><s_text>brands</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>totality of the image that is portrayed in relation to or by a product in the marketplace, and the process of getting in there</s_text><sep/><s_text>the intangivle sum of a products attributes</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>name</s_text><sep/><s_text>packaging</s_text><sep/><s_text>price</s_text><sep/><s_text>history</s_text><sep/><s_text>reputation</s_text><sep/><s_text>the way its advertised</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>can be applied to</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>entire corporate identity</s_text><sep/><s_text>individual products</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>method of advertising</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>vehicle for creating goodwill</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>selling power should be protected against free riding</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>vehicle of communicating a message to the public</s_text><sep/><s_text>dilution</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>reasoning</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>watering down</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>preservation of the uniqueness</s_text></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>free riding</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>examples</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>(Benelux court of justice - gin - toilet cleaning liquid)</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>no confusion needed --- (supplied comparison charts)</s_text><sep/><s_text>from signals to symbols</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>property asset (investment vehicle)</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>can be sold, assigned, licensed and be subject of security</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Comparison</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>differences</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>not protect creativity</s_text><sep/><s_text>not absolute right</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>only for certain goods</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>potentially the longest</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>similarities</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>designs</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>3D article</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>copyright</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>tune</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Arguments</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>pro</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>public good</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>reduce consumer search costs</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>increase efficieny of the market</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>promote competition</s_text><sep/><s_text>encourages quality products</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>especially if the quality is not observable before purchase</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>labour</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>goodwill is valuable</s_text><sep/><s_text>invention</s_text><sep/><s_text>new meaning</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>association with a product</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>BUT! also created by the public</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>not reap where they have not sown</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>ethical</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>BUT!</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>what did he sow?</s_text><sep/><s_text>elements in public domain</s_text><sep/><s_text>difficult to say if his competitor obtained his TM from uncultivated commons</s_text><sep/><s_text>the law does not penalize every case</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>e.g. not patented invention</s_text></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>BUT!</s_text><s_relation>what did he sow?<sep/>elements in public domain</s_relation><s_node-8><s_text>alternative meaning</s_text></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>contra</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>too much of persuasive advertisement m.b. bad</s_text><sep/><s_text>barriers to entry</s_text><sep/><s_text>monopolies are bad</s_text><sep/><s_text>costs for running the system</s_text><sep/><s_text>social costs</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>other people (traders) cannot use the sign</s_text><sep/><s_text>searching</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>especially for new entrants</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>negotiating</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>pool of available TMs is limited</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>the better ones are taken</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>must spend more money to develop a poor TM</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>may restrict free speech</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Sources</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>UK</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>TMA 1994</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>implements EU and international sources</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>EU</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Trade marks Directive</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>s 2 TMA 1994</s_text><sep/><s_text>can be declared invalid if fails requirements of the Act</s_text><sep/><s_text>can be revoked because of mismanagement by its owner</s_text><sep/><s_text>when can be registered</s_text><sep/><s_text>not registered</s_text><sep/><s_text>infringement</s_text><sep/><s_text>what ca and cannot be a registered TM</s_text><sep/><s_text>cope of TM right</s_text><sep/><s_text>obligation to use TM to maintain it</s_text><sep/><s_text>grounds for revocation</s_text><sep/><s_text>how can be licensed</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>CTM Regulation</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Created supra national CTM</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>International</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>WTO</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>TRIPS</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>substantive minimum standards</s_text><sep/><s_text>reference to Paris</s_text><sep/><s_text>national treatment</s_text><sep/><s_text>most favoured nation</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>WIPO</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Paris</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>substantive minimum standards</s_text><sep/><s_text>national treatment</s_text><sep/><s_text>system of priority</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Madrid Agreement</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>UK NOT A PARTY</s_text><sep/><s_text>application directly to WIPO</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Madrid Protocol</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>UK is a party</s_text><sep/><s_text>conversion to national application</s_text><sep/><s_text>national office forwards application to WIPO</s_text><sep/><s_text>International Register of Trade Marks</s_text><sep/><s_text>m.b. interplay with CTM</s_text><sep/><s_text>NB central attack</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>if home application is lost, everything is lost</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>TM Law Treaty</s_text><sep/><s_text>Singapore Treaty</s_text><sep/><s_text>Nice classification</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Registration</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Arguments</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>pro</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>traders can protect TMs before the goods are put on the market</s_text><sep/><s_text>presumption of validity of registration</s_text><sep/><s_text>reduces the possibility of disputes</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>reduced the burden to prove goodwill and distinctiveness for passing off claim</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>other traders can see if a TM is taken</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>also can identify the owner</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>contra</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>costs</s_text><sep/><s_text>complexity</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>misc</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>change of application</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>amendment</s_text><sep/><s_text>division</s_text><sep/><s_text>merger</s_text><sep/><s_text>disclaimer</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>NOT subject to the condition that they do not possess a particular characteristic --- (e.g. PENGUIN for books other than books about penguins)</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>because 3rd parties would not be aware</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>particular characteristic</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>NOT acceptable</s_text></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>exclusion of subcategories --- (e.g. TUTANKHAMUN for books other than historical or archaeological)</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>ok</s_text></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Nice International Arrangement on the International Classification of Goods and Services</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Systems</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>UK trade mark</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>procedure</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>filing to UKIPO</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>requirements</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>request for registration</s_text><sep/><s_text>indicate goods and services</s_text><sep/><s_text>representation of the mark</s_text><sep/><s_text>declaration of bona fide intention to use</s_text></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>date from which duration is calculated</s_text></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>full examination and search</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>on absolute grounds</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>although still monitor relative grounds and notify</s_text></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>search for prior rights in UK register, EU register (OHIM), International TMs (Madrid Protocol)</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>now still good even if similar</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>BUT! give notice to a prior TM holder - opportunity to file opposition</s_text></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>acceptance</s_text><sep/><s_text>publication</s_text><sep/><s_text>observations, oppositions, formal opposition</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>grounds</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>UK, int, CTM existing registration</s_text><sep/><s_text>pending application</s_text><sep/><s_text>CTM with a later date, but with priority from a national or international registration</s_text><sep/><s_text>well-known mark</s_text><sep/><s_text>earlier copyright, etc.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Convention priority claim</s_text></s_node-7></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>registration</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Community trade marks</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Rules and decisions on community TM should also apply to the UK TMs</s_text><sep/><s_text>OHIM</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>conditions of filing of a CTM</s_text><sep/><s_text>conditions relating to entitlement</s_text><sep/><s_text>absolute grounds</s_text><sep/><s_text>opposistion</s_text><sep/><s_text>decisions to revoke or declare invalid CTM</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>arguments</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>pro</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>simplifies procedure</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>one language, one set of fees</s_text><sep/><s_text>easier to manage portfolio</s_text></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>single market benefits</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>can use one TM for all member states</s_text></s_node-7></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>contra</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>Emmental cheese provisions</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>holes</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>unitary character of CTM</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>Can sue for infringement for using CTM in France, not oppose or apply to cancel</s_text><sep/><s_text>Can sue in passing-off, not oppose or apply to cancel</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>International TM</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Madrid Agreement and Madrid Protocol</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>procedure</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>make home applicatioin</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>or can use CTM!</s_text></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>apply to the Bureau of WIPO in Geneva</s_text><sep/><s_text>it passes to national offices</s_text><sep/><s_text>a bundle of separate national TMs</s_text></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>misc</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>beware of central attack!</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>if 1st TM is destroyed all others are lost</s_text></s_node-7></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Mark</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>types</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>registered</s_text><sep/><s_text>unregistered</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>well-known</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>need to be some independent evidence from the trade and public as to the recognition accorded to the mark in this country</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>requirements</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>sign</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>sign</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>anything which conveys information</s_text><sep/><s_text>a word is plainly included within the meaning of sign</s_text><sep/><s_text>any message capable of perception by the senses can be TM, provided it is potentially capable of distinguishing</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>BUT! not the same as graphical representation</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>NOT a sign</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Subj. matter not a particular type of transparent collecting bin, but rather in a general and abstract manner, all the conceivable shapes of such a collecting bin - merely examples, not a sign itself - mere property of a product --- (shape of a vacuum cleaner with a text - transparent bin)</s_text><sep/><s_text>colour COULD BE a sign, but usually is simply a property or characteristic of a thing</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>capable of graphical representation</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>put in 8cm x 8cm box on application</s_text><sep/><s_text>arguments</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>pro</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>define the sign</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>define the scope of TM owners rights</s_text></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>publicity to the fact of registration</s_text><sep/><s_text>facilitates dealing with the sign</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>definition</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>utilizes images, lines, or characters</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>requirements</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>general requirements</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>SUFFICIENTLY</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>clear</s_text><sep/><s_text>precise</s_text><sep/><s_text>self-contained</s_text><sep/><s_text>easily accessible</s_text><sep/><s_text>intelligible</s_text><sep/><s_text>durable</s_text><sep/><s_text>7. objective</s_text><sep/><s_text>if</s_text><s_relation>intelligible<sep/>easily accessible</s_relation><s_node-8><s_text>does not require excessive efforts to be taken for the public to understand it</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>BUT!</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>does not require immediate intelligibility - only to be easy --- (music score is ok for sound)</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>particular types</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>shapes</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>verbal description is not sufficient because could be interpreted widely --- (a chewy sweet on a stick)</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>requires supporting material. E.g. a diagram or photograph</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>not self-contained</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>colours</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>one colour</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>sample - not enough - paper not durable verbal - not precise internationally recognized identification code might be enough, because precise and stable colours not per se excluded --- (single colour - orange for telephone books and telecommunication services)</s_text></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>two colours</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>used in every conceivable form - NOT precise and uniform. Must explain distribution of colours on the product and in relation to each other --- (blue and yellow for building goods)</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>arguments</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>against</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>colour depletion theory</s_text><sep/><s_text>shade confusion theory</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>smells</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>Verbal description - NOT enough - not sufficiently precise. Chemical formula - represents chemical substance, not smell - also not sufficiently intelligible, clear or precise. Sample - not graphical representation. --- (the smell of cinnamon)</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>Chromatography - digital noses - probably not intelligible</s_text><sep/><s_text>BUT! sign may not be capable of being perceived visually</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>if it could be represented graphically</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>sounds</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>music</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>(first 9 notes of the melody for Beethovens Fur Elise - the crowing of a cock)</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>Beethoven</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>musical score</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>ok</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>because not immediate intelligibility</s_text></s_node-12></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>not music</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>description in words</s_text><sep/><s_text>a spectrogram</s_text><sep/><s_text>sound recording</s_text><sep/><s_text>crowing of a cock</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>onomatopoeic representation</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>no</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>lack of consistency between onomatopoeia and the sound</s_text><sep/><s_text>different perceptions of an onomatopoeia</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>verbal description</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>no</s_text></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>sound spectogram</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>no --- (Tarzan Yell)</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>NOT sufficient for Sieckmann</s_text><s_relation>a spectrogram<sep/>description in words<sep/>sound recording</s_relation></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>taste</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>(artificial strawberry)</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>verbal description</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>no</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>capable of distinguishing</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>able to differentiate the goods</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>POTENTIALLY</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>not actually - abs. ground</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>low threshold</s_text><sep/><s_text>examples</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>not just technical characteristic</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>BUT! ok if unusual connection of words</s_text></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>shapes m.b. more difficult - consumer usually do not see shapes as TMs --- (unusual shape of a piece of cheese)</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>Cheese</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>grounds of refusal</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>absolute</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>nature</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>internal characteristics of the TM: innate quality</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>cannot be registered</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>requirements</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>general</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>judged through the eyes of the average consumer of those goods</s_text><sep/><s_text>neither too careful nor too careless</s_text><sep/><s_text>consumer is reasonably well-informed and reasonably observant and circumspect</s_text><sep/><s_text>British person</s_text><sep/><s_text>depends on situation</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>and the way the goods are sold</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>e.g. cars are not sweets</s_text></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>no locus standi</s_text></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>types</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>not a TM</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>fails to satisfy s 1</s_text></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>marks devoid of any distinctive character</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>rationale</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>need not to restrict unduly the availability of colours</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>changed to</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>enforce the essential function of a trade mark</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>enough if allows the relevant public to identify the origin of the goods or services protected thereby and to distinguish them from those of other undertakings</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>ACTUALLY distinctive - cf s 1</s_text><sep/><s_text>minimal degree will suffice</s_text></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>consumer is reasonably attentive and makes an overall assessment of the mark</s_text><sep/><s_text>TM must be readily distinctive - no particular examination</s_text><sep/><s_text>BUT!</s_text><s_relation>TM must be readily distinctive - no particular examination<sep/>enough if allows the relevant public to identify the origin of the goods or services protected thereby and to distinguish them from those of other undertakings<sep/>consumer is reasonably attentive and makes an overall assessment of the mark</s_relation><s_node-9><s_text>m.b. ok if acquired secondary meaning - can return after some time --- (laudatory term Treat for dessert sauces and syrups)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>OK if it has acquired distinctiveness through use</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>significant proportion of the relevant public consider that identify origin</s_text><sep/><s_text>if CTM - in all EU</s_text><sep/><s_text>evidence</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>market share</s_text><sep/><s_text>intensity of use</s_text><sep/><s_text>geographical extent of use</s_text><sep/><s_text>duration of use</s_text><sep/><s_text>investment in promotion</s_text></s_node-12></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>Issues</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>NOT or difficultly with distinctiveness</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>letters, numbers</s_text><sep/><s_text>shapes (usually)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>consumers are unlikely to think of a shape as communicating - and not identicative</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>BUT! see if anything unusual or idiosyncratic</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>e.g. shape SUCCEEDED</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>(jeep grille)</s_text><sep/><s_text>(loudspeakers - specific and arbitrary features)</s_text></s_node-13></s_node-12></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>(brown colour and shape of sweets)</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>not really different</s_text></s_node-12></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>get-up and trade dress</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>(3D bottle bearing a label for floor-cleaning products - failed)</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>BUT! now m.b. different</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>consumer is now educated - capable of perceiving the shape of the packaging of the goods as an indication of commercial origin --- (bottle succeeded)</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>if striking and easy to remember</s_text></s_node-13></s_node-12></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>composite marks of the colours and shapes of detergent tablets</s_text><sep/><s_text>common English surnames --- (like any other problem of distinctiveness)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>examine --- (at least add a surname)</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>the frequency with which the names are used in this trade</s_text><sep/><s_text>number of traders in this field</s_text></s_node-12></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>issues</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>famous names</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>m.b. not distinctive, but descriptive. Association with a person, not company - part of the product - not the source - no connection with the company</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>BUT! m.b. ok if signature</s_text></s_node-13></s_node-12></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>chocolate bars shaped like cigars</s_text><sep/><s_text>colours (usually)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>grey-green colour scheme on garden tools - relating to the finish of the product rather than indicating origin</s_text><sep/><s_text>also should remain free</s_text></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>slogans --- (The Principle of Comfort - was registered)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>(Have a break - an origin-neutral invitation to consume a snack)</s_text><sep/><s_text>(Real People, Real Solutions - merely promotional)</s_text><sep/><s_text>does not matter if unimaginative and unsurprising Although m.b. difficult - average customer usually does not make connection to the origin</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>marks consisting exclusively of descriptive signs</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>rationale</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>descriptive signs are free --- (lake in Bavaria)</s_text></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>viewpoint of the average English-speaking consumer. What information does the mark convey to the consumer about the nature of the goods? --- (how it sounds for English speaking consumer?)</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>BUT!</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>see if taken together - something different. Must be unusual variation, in particular to syntax or meaning. --- (words together - syntactically unusual - not the normal way in English)</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>BUT! narrowed</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>FAILS if at least one of the possible meanings of TM designates a characteristic of the goods</s_text><sep/><s_text>FAILS unless creates both aurally and visually distinct impression</s_text></s_node-12></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>depends on how it is drawn - if additional stylised features, m.b. ok</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>issues</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>fail even if may serve potentially</s_text><sep/><s_text>any characteristic, even if not important --- (STINKY - for weedkiller failed)</s_text><sep/><s_text>association is not direct</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>ok, registrable --- (E.S.B. for Extra Strong Bitter)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>BUT! not yet endorsed in CJEU</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>also at odds with DOUBLEMINT</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>types</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>geographical names</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>FAILS if the name is currently associated with a place where the goods originate --- (sportswear - lake in Bavaria)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>Not necessarily produced, merely associated --- (Savile Row - spectacle frames - failed - famous for tailors services - also fashion)</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>BUT! ok if fanciful --- (e.g. North Pole for bananas)</s_text><sep/><s_text>BUT! ok if unknown</s_text><sep/><s_text>BUT! ok if ONLY with this company</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>examples</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>not, because aurally it was directly descriptive</s_text><sep/><s_text>geographical names --- (did not associate with a place where the goods originate)</s_text></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>marks consisting exclusively of customary signs</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>rationale</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>common signs are free</s_text></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>common in the trade --- (light green for confectionery - already used extensively)</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>amount of use is less where the products are specialised than where they are bought by members of the public --- (2 uses - not customary - clothing)  also [Alcon v OHIM] - (BSS for medics)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>BUT! exception</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>OK if it has acquired distinctiveness through use</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>significant proportion of the relevant public consider that identify origin</s_text><sep/><s_text>if CTM - in all EU</s_text><sep/><s_text>evidence</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>market share</s_text><sep/><s_text>intensity of use</s_text><sep/><s_text>geographical extent of use</s_text><sep/><s_text>duration of use</s_text><sep/><s_text>investment in promotion</s_text></s_node-13></s_node-12></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>examples</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>colours common in the trade</s_text></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>shape marks</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>rationale</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>certain signs are free</s_text></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>essential characteristic of a shape is</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>natural shapes</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>results from the nature of the goods themselves</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>goods themselves</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>matter of classification - depends on registration</s_text></s_node-13><sep/><s_text>shape results from the nature</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>only where the designer has no real of effective choice as to the shape that the product can take --- (3 razors - can choose another placement)</s_text><s_node-14><s_text>applicant can demonstrate other possibilities</s_text></s_node-14></s_node-13></s_node-12></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>Strowel</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>egg box</s_text><sep/><s_text>umbrella</s_text><sep/><s_text>carrier bag</s_text></s_node-12></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>technical shapes</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>rationale</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>leave technical solutions free</s_text></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>shape actually achieves a technical result</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>mere embellishment will not matter</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>overall effect of impression - shape is in substance functional</s_text></s_node-13></s_node-12><sep/><s_text>shape was chosen by the designer to do so</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>designers view is relevant but not determinative</s_text></s_node-12><sep/><s_text>shape is one of a limited number that a competitor could use to achieve this function</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>Availability of other means does not matter. Even freedom of choice is important.</s_text></s_node-12></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>Strowel</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>Lego brick</s_text></s_node-12></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>aesthetic shapes</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>purchased primarily because of the eye appeal of the shape</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>compare the prices of the products with and without shape --- (e.g. Coke in bottle and in can)</s_text></s_node-12><sep/><s_text>acquired distinctiveness is irrelevant</s_text></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>Strowel</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>childrens bath in the shape of a scallop shell</s_text></s_node-12><sep/><s_text>lemon squeezer</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>marks contrary to public policy or morality or which are deceptive</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>public policy or morality</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>outrage or justifiable censure - likely significantly to undermine current religious, family or social values --- (TINY PENIS)</s_text><sep/><s_text>high degree to a small section or a lower to a larger section</s_text><sep/><s_text>Not the same as mere poor taste or a rather smutty flavour</s_text></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>examples</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>morality</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>FAILED</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>standupifyouhatemanu.com --- (incitement to violence)</s_text><sep/><s_text>JESUS</s_text></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>OK</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>not a phonetic or visual equivalent</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>deceptive</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>refers to the intrinsic characteristics of the TM - objective test - the existence of actual deceit or of a sufficiently serious risk that the consumer will be deceived --- (did not deceive even if created mistaken impression that that person took part in creation of goods - assigned business to 3rd party - characteristics and the qualities of that garment remain guaranteed by the undertaking which owns TM)</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>specially protected emblems</s_text><sep/><s_text>marks obtained in bad faith</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>subjective + objective</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>realisation by the applicant that what he was doing would be regarded by honest people as having been done in bad faith --- (night club - attempted alcoholic beverages)</s_text><sep/><s_text>conduct falling short of acceptable commercial behaviour</s_text></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>issues</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>no intention to use the mark</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>no intention to market the goods. Just assign TM - not enough.</s_text></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>ghost marks</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>similar to unregistrable mark</s_text></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>a breach of trust or contract</s_text><sep/><s_text>knowledge of 3rd party claims --- (confuse the substantial Punjabi community in the UK)</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>relative</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>general considerations</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>apply one after another - in sequence</s_text><sep/><s_text>similar to a prior TM</s_text><sep/><s_text>external characteristics</s_text><sep/><s_text>ok if consent</s_text><sep/><s_text>locus standi</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>person who has interest in a prior TM</s_text></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>prior rights</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>earlier TM with effect in the UK</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>naitonal</s_text><sep/><s_text>EU</s_text><sep/><s_text>international</s_text></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>pending applications</s_text><sep/><s_text>subsequent EU applications claiming seniority</s_text><sep/><s_text>well-known TMs</s_text><sep/><s_text>recently lapsed registrations</s_text><sep/><s_text>earlier used but unregistered marks</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>capable of protection by passing off</s_text></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>earlier copyrights or sedigns</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>types</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>identical TM and goods</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>identical marks</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>test --- (ARTHUR and ARTHUR ET FELICIE)</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>must be interpreted strictly. same in all respects. Without any modification or addition, all the elements are reproduced</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>BUT!</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>Overall impression. Insignificant differences between the sign and the TM may go unnoticed by the average consumer.</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>factors</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>customer regards not as a part of TM</s_text><sep/><s_text>element has other function (e.g. instruction, description) --- (PALMOLIVE SOAP)</s_text></s_node-12></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>Identical</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>WEBSPHERE and WEB-SPHERE</s_text></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>NOT identical</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>KCS HERR VOSS and HERR-VOSS</s_text><sep/><s_text>REED and REED *other words*</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>identical goods</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>issues</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>identical if narrower category --- (broadcasting - radio broadcasting)</s_text></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>similarity coupled with confusion</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>marks</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>consumer perceives as a whole - not analyse its various details - global appreciation test --- (similar but no confusion - first TM was not really known)</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>particular dominant and distinctive components</s_text><sep/><s_text>aural</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>number of syllables in common is important --- (MYSTERY and MIXERY are similar)</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>GIORGIO AIRE and MISS GIORGI are NOT</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>visual</s_text><sep/><s_text>conceptual</s_text><sep/><s_text>inherent or acquired distinctiveness</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>m.b. reinforced distinctiveness if a family of TMs</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>only if used accordingly, not just registered</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>Issues</s_text><s_relation>aural<sep/>visual<sep/>conceptual</s_relation><s_node-10><s_text>m.b. trade-off</s_text><sep/><s_text>one m.b. more important depending on context --- (e.g. visual for furniture and clothes)</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>depends on context --- (more attentive when buying furniture)</s_text><sep/><s_text>imperfect recollection</s_text><sep/><s_text>factors</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>recognition of TM in the market</s_text><sep/><s_text>association which can be made with the used or registered sign</s_text><sep/><s_text>degree of similarity between TM and the sign</s_text><sep/><s_text>degree of similarity between the goods identified</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>goods</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>global appreciation test --- (cameras - video cassettes)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>factors</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>nature of the goods</s_text><sep/><s_text>end users</s_text><sep/><s_text>method of use</s_text><sep/><s_text>goods in competition?</s_text><sep/><s_text>goods complementary?</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>NOT complementary</s_text><s_node-14><s_text>(womens footwear not similar to womens bags - not aesthetically complementary - ok if not match)</s_text><s_node-15><s_text>BUT!</s_text><s_node-16><s_text>bags and clothes are complementary</s_text></s_node-16></s_node-15></s_node-14></s_node-13></s_node-12><sep/><s_text>method of distribution</s_text></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>disregard Nice classification</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>NOT similar</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>(TREAT - sweet syrup - and - sweet-flavoured spread - not similar - not in direct competition - in different places in supermarkets - physically different)</s_text></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>similar</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>(whisky and wine - similar - sold in the same outlets)</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>confusion</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>global appreciation test</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>scenario 1</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>2 marks conceptually similar and</s_text><sep/><s_text>senior mark has a particularly distinctive character</s_text><sep/><s_text>likelihood of confusion</s_text><s_relation>senior mark has a particularly distinctive character<sep/>2 marks conceptually similar and</s_relation></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>average consumer is reasonably well-informed and reasonably observant and circumspect --- (shoes - Lloyd - Loints)</s_text><sep/><s_text>confusion about source and origin - if makes economic connection between users of TMs</s_text><sep/><s_text>degree</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>genuine and properly substantiated likelihood of confusion</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>NOT hypothetical and remote</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>proportion of public</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>significant proportion exercising reasonable care</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>NOT yet endorsed by CJEU</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>post-sale confusion</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>important</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>BUT! distinguished - although not general rule</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>question for the judge</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>evidence must not be about confusion, but about special features of the market of which the judge may be ignorant --- (THE EUROPEAN and EUROPEAN VOICE)</s_text></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>lesser degree of similarity between the goods could be offset by a greater degree of similarity between the marks and vice versa. Interdependency principle. --- (photographic equipment x video cassettes)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>BUT!</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>once a minimum level is reached</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>factors</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>recognition of TM on the market</s_text><sep/><s_text>association which can be made with the used or registered sign</s_text><sep/><s_text>degree of similarity between the TM and the sign</s_text><sep/><s_text>degree of similarity between the goods</s_text></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>types of confusion</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>direct</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>confuses products</s_text><sep/><s_text>suffice</s_text><s_relation>confuses products</s_relation></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>indirect</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>would think that the goods come from economically linked undertakings or that TM owner expanded his product lien</s_text><sep/><s_text>suffice</s_text><s_relation>would think that the goods come from economically linked undertakings or that TM owner expanded his product lien</s_relation></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>mere association --- (Wagamama not Rajamama)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>calls TM to mind without confusion</s_text><sep/><s_text>DOES NOT SUFFICE although indication</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>scenario 1</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>earlier TM is not very distinctive</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>less alteration is necessary to ensure that later TM is not similar --- (CASTELLANI and CASTELLUCA are not similar - castel is common in , luca - Italian name - Germany)</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>scenario 2</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>earlier TM is highly distinctive</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>even substantial modification may fail --- (KARSOTE VAPOURRUB similar to VICKS VAPORUB SALVE)</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>examples</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>NO confusion</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>(low degree of aural similarity - d and k are spoken differently)</s_text><sep/><s_text>(Picasso is not famous for cars)</s_text></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>confusion</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>(both - electronic goods - think that owner of LIFE expanded business - indirect confusion - even though additional word, LIFE does not dominate)</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>dilution</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>junior mark is identical or similar to senior TM</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>identical</s_text><sep/><s_text>similar</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>relevant section of the public makes connection --- (INTEL and INTELMARK - marketing services)</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>WITHOUT confusion</s_text><sep/><s_text>must affect the economic behaviour of consumer --- (similar smells and names)</s_text></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>factors</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>strength of the earlier TMs reputation</s_text><sep/><s_text>distinctiveness of earlier TM</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>inherent</s_text><sep/><s_text>acquired</s_text></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>likelihood of confusion</s_text><sep/><s_text>visual</s_text><sep/><s_text>aural</s_text><sep/><s_text>conceptual</s_text><sep/><s_text>Adidas-Salomon v FItnessworld</s_text><s_relation>aural<sep/>conceptual<sep/>visual</s_relation></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>prior TM has reputation</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>TM must be known by a significant number of the relevant public (consumers).</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>BUT!</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>not the same as recognition</s_text><sep/><s_text>less than famous or well known</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>factors</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>market share</s_text><sep/><s_text>intensity of use</s_text><sep/><s_text>geographical extent of use</s_text><sep/><s_text>duration of use</s_text><sep/><s_text>investment in promotion</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>issues</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>territory</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>national</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>Enough if in substantial part of state.</s_text></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>CTM</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>significant part of the public in a substantial part of the territory of the European community</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>without due cause</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>D proves --- (VIAGRA and VIAGRENE)</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>only when obliged - cannot reasonably be required to abstain from using TM or specific right to use the sign</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8><sep/><s_text>harm</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>types</s_text><s_node-9><s_text>detriment to the distinctive character of TM</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>Whittling away</s_text><sep/><s_text>blurring</s_text><sep/><s_text>dispersion of identity</s_text><sep/><s_text>more difficult to prove</s_text><s_relation>Whittling away<sep/>dispersion of identity<sep/>blurring</s_relation><s_node-11><s_text>simply being reminded for dissimilar goods - not necessarily taking unfair advantage --- (Eveready - batteries Ever Ready - condoms)</s_text></s_node-11></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>detriment to the repute</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>tarnishment</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>inefficient goods --- (INTEL on bad goods)</s_text><sep/><s_text>Bad connection</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>also for condoms</s_text></s_node-13></s_node-12></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>degradatioin</s_text></s_node-10><sep/><s_text>unfair advantage</s_text><s_node-10><s_text>parasitism</s_text><s_node-11><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-12><s_text>parasitism</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>replica perfumes - advantage over other replica perfumes --- (not necessarily - similarity between sign and TM is the key - no infringement in 1st instance - no one is deceived, No one thinks any less of the original brands - BUT! ECJ - infringement - free riding)</s_text></s_node-13><sep/><s_text>NOT parasitism</s_text><s_node-13><s_text>(VIP - too generic)</s_text></s_node-13></s_node-12></s_node-11><sep/><s_text>free-riding</s_text></s_node-10></s_node-9><sep/><s_text>common effect</s_text><s_relation>types</s_relation><s_node-9><s_text>change of economic behaviour of the consumers --- (e.g. QUORN for vegetarian meat - association with a hunting organisation)</s_text></s_node-9></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>conflict with an earlier unregistered TM</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>test</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>C must prove that he will succeed in a passing off action</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>goodwill</s_text><sep/><s_text>misrepresentation</s_text><sep/><s_text>likely damage</s_text></s_node-8></s_node-7><sep/><s_text>e.g.</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>if no trade - no goodwill to protect --- (sporting award)</s_text></s_node-7></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>conflict with an earlier copyright or design</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>KARO STEP Trade Mark</s_text><sep/><s_text>Oscar TM</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Licensing</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>requirements</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>in writing and signed by the TM proprietor</s_text><sep/><s_text>must be recorded at the TM Registry</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>not necessary, but a licensee can sue in his own name</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>rights of the licensee</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>exclusive licence</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>can sue</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>simply confers personal rights</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>no proprietary rights over the TM</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>must comply with the proprietors instructions as to the quality of the goods</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>remedies</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>if breach of licence - can sue for infringement, not only for a breach of contract</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Analyze the image and describe in detail the levels and relationships of information in the mind map.


[User] <image>

[User] Extract the key points from this mind map and construct their hierarchical relationship.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Sick Sinus Syndrome</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Causes of fainting</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Cardiovascular causes</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Heart structural conditions</s_text><sep/><s_text>Heart rhythm</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>non cardio causes</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Neurological causes</s_text><sep/><s_text>internal bleeding</s_text><sep/><s_text>head injuries</s_text><sep/><s_text>ANS Failure</s_text><sep/><s_text>Medications</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>CPR</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Definition</s_text><sep/><s_text>When to do it ?</s_text><sep/><s_text>procedure</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>History taking</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Precipitant factors</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Patients position</s_text><sep/><s_text>Patients activity</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>questions should be asked</s_text><sep/><s_text>Patients history</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>familial</s_text><sep/><s_text>medications</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Edema</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Definition</s_text><sep/><s_text>Causes</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Syncope</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Definition</s_text><sep/><s_text>Causes</s_text><sep/><s_text>Presyncopal SS</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Lightheadedness</s_text><sep/><s_text>Sweating</s_text><sep/><s_text>Weakness</s_text><sep/><s_text>Rapid breathing</s_text><sep/><s_text>Rapid heartbeat</s_text><sep/><s_text>Fainting</s_text><sep/><s_text>Dizziness</s_text><sep/><s_text>Nausea</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Physical examination</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Cardiac exam</s_text><sep/><s_text>Lung exam</s_text><sep/><s_text>Neurologic exam</s_text><sep/><s_text>Neck exam</s_text><sep/><s_text>Rectal examination</s_text><sep/><s_text>Intraoral exam</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>complications</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>ECG</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Definition</s_text><sep/><s_text>Procedure</s_text><sep/><s_text>Electrodes placement</s_text><sep/><s_text>Trace elements</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Heart</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Anatomy</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Ribs</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Classification</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Surfaces</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Physiology</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Over-drive suppression</s_text><sep/><s_text>electrical impulses spread</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Abnormalities</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Bradycardia</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Causes</s_text><sep/><s_text>Classification</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Apex beat</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Definition</s_text><sep/><s_text>Location</s_text><sep/><s_text>Examination</s_text><sep/><s_text>Interpretation</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Sick Sinus Syndrome</s_text><s_relation>Diagnosis</s_relation><s_node-2><s_text>Definition</s_text><sep/><s_text>Causes</s_text><sep/><s_text>S S</s_text><sep/><s_text>Types</s_text><sep/><s_text>Diagnosis</s_text><sep/><s_text>Treatment</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Pharmacological</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>bradycardia</s_text><sep/><s_text>tachycardia</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Surgical</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>artificial pacemaker</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>indications</s_text><sep/><s_text>contraindications</s_text><sep/><s_text>complications</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Prognosis</s_text><sep/><s_text>Complications</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Hamad</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Demographics</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>early 70s</s_text><sep/><s_text>medium built man</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>S S</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>suddenly collapsed</s_text><sep/><s_text>pressure 160/70</s_text><sep/><s_text>heart rate: 55beats/min</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Diagnosis</s_text><s_relation>Sick Sinus Syndrome</s_relation></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


xmind_en_png/PD4 product production process.png

[User] <image>

[User] Present the information from the mind map in the image in the form of tree-structured data.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>PD4 product production process</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>What it is</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Team based product development</s_text><sep/><s_text>4 hourstime</s_text><sep/><s_text>Thinking by doing</s_text><sep/><s_text>hands on</s_text><sep/><s_text>Testing</s_text><sep/><s_text>Idea generation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Demonstration</s_text><sep/><s_text>Evaluation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Licence to act differently</s_text><sep/><s_text>Having fun</s_text><sep/><s_text>Learning</s_text><sep/><s_text>Working like crazu</s_text><sep/><s_text>Team building</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Why</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Industry problems</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Poor idea generation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Taking ideas further</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Student project challenges</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Getting started</s_text><sep/><s_text>Clarifiation of the task</s_text><sep/><s_text>Communication</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Keys</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Fail faster</s_text><sep/><s_text>Succeed sooner</s_text><sep/><s_text>Think to build</s_text><sep/><s_text>Build to think</s_text><sep/><s_text>Team building</s_text><sep/><s_text>Roles</s_text><sep/><s_text>Communication</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Product design</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>linear process</s_text><sep/><s_text>non linear</s_text><s_relation>PD4 process (connected wit)</s_relation><s_node-3><s_text>Planning</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Chaos</s_text><sep/><s_text>Lab</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Concept development</s_text><sep/><s_text>System level design</s_text><sep/><s_text>Detail design</s_text><sep/><s_text>Testing and refinement</s_text><sep/><s_text>Production ramp up</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>PD4 process</s_text><s_relation>non linear (connected wit)</s_relation><s_node-2><s_text>Idea generation</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Brainstorming rules</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Never say no</s_text><sep/><s_text>No bad ideas</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Time pressure</s_text><sep/><s_text>Visualise ideas</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Drawing</s_text><sep/><s_text>Notes</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Finish with</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Evaluation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Summary</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Concept development</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Make decisions</s_text><sep/><s_text>Build to think</s_text><sep/><s_text>Build to refine</s_text><sep/><s_text>Visualise</s_text><sep/><s_text>Materialise ideas</s_text><sep/><s_text>Take risks</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Competition</s_text><sep/><s_text>Time</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Prototyping</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Sketches</s_text><sep/><s_text>Illustrations</s_text><sep/><s_text>Mockups</s_text><sep/><s_text>Pictorial</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Demo or die</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Focus on essential</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Minimum viable product</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Use supporting media</s_text><sep/><s_text>Show evidence</s_text><sep/><s_text>Ensure understanding</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Team roles</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Traditional roles</s_text><sep/><s_text>Other roles</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Key points</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Prototype it</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Several rounds</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Quick and dirty</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Do something different</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Ask</s_text><sep/><s_text>Watch</s_text><sep/><s_text>Learn</s_text><sep/><s_text>Try</s_text><sep/><s_text>Having fun</s_text><sep/><s_text>Stick to the schedule</s_text><sep/><s_text>Fail fast</s_text></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Convert the mind map information in the image into a readable structured output.


[User] <image>

[User] Identify and output all the nodes and their interconnections in this mind map image.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Git</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Terms</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Staging</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>mark changes of a file relavant to a version control</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Committing</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>add the changed file to the repository</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Branching</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>a total copy of the main stream</s_text><sep/><s_text>can make modifications without affecting the main line of the code</s_text><sep/><s_text>The default branch is called master.</s_text><sep/><s_text>git branch</s_text><sep/><s_text>git branch testing</s_text><sep/><s_text>git push origin testing</s_text><sep/><s_text>git checkout branchname</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Merging</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>merge different branches of features into one main line</s_text><sep/><s_text>git merge testing</s_text><sep/><s_text>git branch -d testing</s_text><sep/><s_text>solve merging problems</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Tags</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>A tag points to a certain point in time in a specific branch.</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Revision</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Represents a version of the source code.</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Rebase</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>The rebase command allows you to combine several commits into one commit in one/more than one branch.</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>one branch</s_text><sep/><s_text>more than one branch</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Rebase takes the changes of a branch, creates a patch and applies it to another branch.</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>allows the user to rewrite some of the commit history (cleaning it up) before pushing your changes to a remote repository.</s_text><sep/><s_text>git rebase master</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Repository</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Every Git repository is stored in the .git folder of the directory in which the Git repository has been created.</s_text><sep/><s_text>This directory contains the complete history of the repository.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The .git/config file contains the local configuration for the repository.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Distributed Version Control</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>allow many developers to work on a given project without necessarily being connected to a common network.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>command line instructions</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>git init</s_text><sep/><s_text>git add .</s_text><sep/><s_text>git commit -m "messages here"</s_text><sep/><s_text>git log</s_text><sep/><s_text>git diff</s_text><sep/><s_text>git status</s_text><sep/><s_text>gitk --all</s_text><sep/><s_text>git commit --ammend -m "new messages here"</s_text><sep/><s_text>delete files</s_text><sep/><s_text>git amend（e.g. git commit --amend -m "More changes - now correct"）</s_text><sep/><s_text>git pull ../remote-repository.git/</s_text><sep/><s_text>git clean -n</s_text><sep/><s_text>git clean -f</s_text><sep/><s_text>git checkout commit_name</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>can also be used to revert removed files</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>git reset HEAD test01</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Git repositories</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Local</s_text><sep/><s_text>Remote</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>To create such a repository, set the --bare flag.</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>git remote add origin ../remote-repository.git</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>git remote</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>distributed version control system</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Git keep track of all versions. Therefore you can revert to any point in your source code history.</s_text><sep/><s_text>In a distributed version control system everyone has a complete copy of the source code</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Reporter: Brian</s_text></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Identify and output all the nodes and their interconnections in this mind map image.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Working session</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Participants</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Melissa</s_text><sep/><s_text>Andy</s_text><sep/><s_text>Sue</s_text><sep/><s_text>Erik</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Todays Outcomes</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>We know what were doing.</s_text><sep/><s_text>We know who is doing it when.</s_text><sep/><s_text>We can communicate the above.</s_text><sep/><s_text>The team gets productive work.</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Issues</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Names of things (TSOM, MTW)</s_text><s_relation>Legacy (PubMeta)</s_relation><sep/><s_text>Not enough work, or *perceived* lack of work?</s_text><s_relation>TSOM</s_relation><sep/><s_text>Priorities?</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>TSOM</s_text><s_relation>Not enough work, or *perceived* lack of work?</s_relation><s_node-4><s_text>Phase I</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Basic setup</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>Wiki pages</s_text><sep/><s_text>Cowboy Geyser</s_text></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>Alfresco Metadata</s_text><sep/><s_text>Bulk Import / Export</s_text><sep/><s_text>Move Geyser from ML --> Alfresco</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>Wrangle all access into a single DAO layer</s_text><sep/><s_text>DocID Generator</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>Aspects</s_text></s_node-7></s_node-6><sep/><s_text>Move FDR to its own instance</s_text><sep/><s_text>Productionize</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Legacy (PubMeta)</s_text><s_relation>Names of things (TSOM, MTW)</s_relation><s_node-4><s_text>Code review</s_text><s_relation>Basic enhancement of practices through</s_relation><sep/><s_text>Basic enhancement of practices through</s_text><s_relation>Code review</s_relation></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Performance / Scale</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Some Ixxus responsibility</s_text><sep/><s_text>This is an epic, rather than a project</s_text><sep/><s_text>Does BCS (Big Content Store) handle this?</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Ixxus Patent</s_text><sep/><s_text>Alfresco is good for WIP</s_text><sep/><s_text>Need intelligent tools to manage file system, search, graph/triple stores (bcs)</s_text><sep/><s_text>Tom Morris is "da man" for BCS</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Doug said "Millions of users"</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>We dont know if Alfresco can do this.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Assumes that customers will want to share elaborate content.</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Underpinning work</s_text><sep/><s_text>Storage - get all content into Alfresco</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Doug is pushing for this</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>4LTR</s_text><sep/><s_text>We HAVENT yet talked about...</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Metadata</s_text><sep/><s_text>Rights</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Could be large</s_text><sep/><s_text>Discovery needs to happen soon</s_text></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>Compose</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Andrea seemed to think it wasnt that important</s_text><sep/><s_text>Andy thinks its very similar to Telescope, if not identical</s_text><sep/><s_text>did they not use Telescope because it was hard to use Telescope?</s_text><sep/><s_text>Can we connect SWAN directly to Telescope?</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Content Pipeline</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Adelaide has this</s_text><sep/><s_text>We need to sync up our efforts</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>DevOps</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>We cant have a person at the table.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Carlos is acting as junior SysAdmin.</s_text><sep/><s_text>We owe a list of things were waiting on CLTS for</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>A REAL QA environment</s_text><sep/><s_text>We want a person who can make this happen to work with iteratively on building our environments</s_text><sep/><s_text>Remaining environments</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Who has what?</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Melissa</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>CCMS</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Michael</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Geyser</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Dina</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Roadmap</s_text><sep/><s_text>Everything else</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Business Needs</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>"Get content under control"</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>What content is there?</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>"Rich Media" is content that isnt in any system.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Do we know where all the silos are? (No!)</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>What duplication do we have?</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Share / consolidate.</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Make content discoverable</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Projects</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>PubMeta</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Seems to be in good hands at the moment</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Media Store</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Waiting on Ixxus - Andy has this</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Strategic review of assessment authoring tools</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>May be another group owning it</s_text><sep/><s_text>Bernard? UX lady in CA who did the personna?</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Rights</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>We havent started on it yet</s_text><sep/><s_text>The elephant in the room</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>VAQ</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Validate that this is an immediate priority with Dina</s_text><sep/><s_text>Verify its done, or assign a different lead</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Load Higher ed content to CCMS</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Depdends on media store discovery</s_text><sep/><s_text>Need to know scale</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Instructor Authoring</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>We have until "spring", which probably means done by mid-Jan</s_text><sep/><s_text>We need to do it right - larger project.</s_text><sep/><s_text>Can we do it in 8 months?</s_text><sep/><s_text>Does it fit into the wider review of authoring tools?</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Next Actions</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>TSOM</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Validate assumptions with Walt</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>MT builder goes through Geyser</s_text><sep/><s_text>We can swap Alfresco for ML</s_text><sep/><s_text>We can keep existing file store (or its structure)</s_text><sep/><s_text>We need to move FDR to its own instance of ML</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Estimation session with Walt and 1-2 devs</s_text><sep/><s_text>CER status</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Do we have blessing to proceed with some dev work?</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Determine the fate of FDR</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>We think its "keep the lights on"</s_text><sep/><s_text>Its on the high priority list (contradicts the above)</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Discuss ownership of FDR</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>With Dina and Michael</s_text><sep/><s_text>It will go to Dina</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Discuss ownership of TSOM (MT workflow)</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>With Michael</s_text><sep/><s_text>It will go to Melissa</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Larger content authoring question</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Andrew to follow up with Adelaide/Andrea/Kathi</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Determine go-forward plan for Instructor Authoring</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Get Sanjay and Mike S in the loop</s_text><sep/><s_text>When is it due, and how big is it?</s_text><sep/><s_text>What are we replacing?</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>MarkLogic?</s_text><sep/><s_text>Additional data store?</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Follow up on VAQ</s_text><sep/><s_text>Remind Mike that we have ORCA as an integration point</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Is it going away?</s_text><sep/><s_text>How will that affect us?</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Content Architecture Pipeline</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Sue and Andrew Touch base with Adelaide/Andrea to understand context</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


xmind_en_png/Client Issues__Self Help Portal.png

[User] <image>

[User] Please list in detail the topics, subtopics, and their connections in the mind map.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Client Issues: Self Help Portal</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Add User</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Just added a new user, not showing</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Classifications</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Not showing in AMI</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Check Sugar classification list added</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Client can not select classification list for some applicants</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Hide Orders</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>How to..</s_text><sep/><s_text>Client wants to hide orders for all users</s_text><sep/><s_text>Client wants to hide orders for only their view</s_text><sep/><s_text>Hide orders for Sponsor account only</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Archive Orders</s_text><sep/><s_text>Log-In Issues</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Invalid Authentication Code</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>CAPS Lock ON</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Verify username/password info</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Check Sugar - Contact info set up correctly?</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>New user can not log in</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Receiving Error Message?</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>CAPS Lock On?</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Verify username/password info</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>Check Sugar contact created?</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>Contact info correct?</s_text></s_node-7></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Online Order</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Forces clients to enter email address for applicant</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Check Account Alert Access (both)</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>If client places order, then email address is required</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Order Alerts</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Not receiving order alert notifications</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Find solution</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Responded to alerts, not updated on AMI</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Manually update OMU</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Alert not showing, client received email</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Check Sugar: alerts disabled?</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Is order a fax/online order</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Orders completed, but receiving email notifications</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Release Alerts</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Not receiving release alert email notifications</s_text><sep/><s_text>Responded to release alert, not showing on AMI</s_text><sep/><s_text>Release alert saying missing release form, but fax order has release attached</s_text><sep/><s_text>Applicant can not retrieve release needed from email notification</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>PINS</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Can not upload PINs</s_text><sep/><s_text>Can not add PINs</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>What is the url?</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Attach loader file trying to use</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Can not view PINs</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Releases</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Can not view release needed from email link</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Error Message?</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>What Browser are they using?</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>AMI asking for release form, we have release</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Fax or Online Order?</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Results Summary</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Results showing pending - when completed</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Try and reproduce issue</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Need CAC</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Need Order #</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>Need Applicant Name</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Results not loading - Error - Thank you for Logging Out</s_text><sep/><s_text>Can not print out results</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Make sure user has the most up-to-date version of Adobe Reader</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Roster</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Applicant name misspelled</s_text><sep/><s_text>SSN is wrong</s_text><sep/><s_text>DOB is wrong</s_text><sep/><s_text>Trying to export roster, but receiving a fatal error message (872y)</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Try reproducing this error message</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Roster is blank - no applicants showing</s_text><sep/><s_text>Historical roster</s_text><sep/><s_text>Name on roster is different than name on order</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Need name that is showing on roster currently</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Need correct name that needs to show on roster</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>If user have edit privileges, then the user can change the name of the roster</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>Can not edit - Submit Ticket</s_text></s_node-6></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Background check showing on Roster, but it is blank - showing no results</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Can you reproduce the same issue in voyeur account?</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Yes</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Can you view results in Beecheck?</s_text><s_node-6><s_text>Verify Applicant Name</s_text><s_node-7><s_text>Verify CAC</s_text><s_node-8><s_text>Submit Ticket</s_text></s_node-8></s_node-7></s_node-6></s_node-5><sep/><s_text>No</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Everything showing like it is suppose to</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>Can you reproduce the same issue in client account info?</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Yes</s_text><sep/><s_text>No</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Applicant showing under Requires Review but no caution sign showing</s_text><sep/><s_text>Only 1 order is returned, but in BeeCheck several orders show up Returned?</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>See if orders have been sent through Record Scan process</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>See if account is an Extensive Review client</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>If an Extensive Review client - get updated manually (8am, 1pm and 3pm)</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Slowness Issue</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Once I log in, it takes a long time for my roster to show</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Log into voyeur account</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>See how many orders are showing in the incoming roster</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Site is locking up when client tries to view applicants detail page</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Drug Test</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Can not print DT Results</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Make sure client is using the most up-to-date Adobe Reader version</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Result is in Failed Invoicing Queue - change the CAC in order to go to the correct account</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>FP Instructions</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Client is receiving alert for the FP Instructions, but she has already supplied this to the applicant, can you remove the alert</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>E-vites</s_text></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Present the information from the mind map in the image in the form of tree-structured data.


[User] <image>

[User] Convert the mind map information in the image into a readable structured output.


[User] <image>

[User] Parse this mind map and present its content in a structured way.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Entrepreneur seminar</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Person as a computer</s_text><s_relation>Founder</s_relation><s_node-2><s_text>Application programs</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Communication</s_text><sep/><s_text>Problem solving</s_text><sep/><s_text>Analyze</s_text><sep/><s_text>Life GPS</s_text><sep/><s_text>Everyday skills</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Personal OS</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Values</s_text><sep/><s_text>Beliefs</s_text><sep/><s_text>Integrity</s_text><sep/><s_text>...</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Virus</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>All bad things which make you lose your trust</s_text><sep/><s_text>People hate them</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Leaders</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Character</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Hire</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Care</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Connect the heart</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Skill</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Train</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Philosophy</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Fishery to entrepreneurship</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Individual</s_text><sep/><s_text>Group</s_text><sep/><s_text>Environment</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Everyone is the entrepreneur of his own life</s_text><sep/><s_text>A good entrepreneur is also a good leader too</s_text><sep/><s_text>Revitalize your life by understand, design, build and manage</s_text><sep/><s_text>10 hindsights</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>10</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Live by golden rule</s_text><s_node-5><s_text>Dont cheat</s_text><sep/><s_text>Dont steal</s_text><sep/><s_text>Dont lie</s_text></s_node-5></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>9</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Leadership is about trust</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>8</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Hustle while you wait</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>7</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Stay away from people with virus POS</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>6</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>A break is not the end of the world</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>5</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Setup a life long learning program</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>4</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>We are not successful unless we have a successful family</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>3</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Be an entrepreneur if you want to have a good life, dont get a MBA</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>2</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Understand, design, build and manage</s_text></s_node-4><sep/><s_text>1</s_text><s_node-4><s_text>Spend time with your loved ones before they get away</s_text></s_node-4></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>5 dynamics of entrepreneurship</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Founder</s_text><s_relation>Person as a computer</s_relation><s_node-3><s_text>Virus free POS</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Product</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Unique</s_text><sep/><s_text>Already in trade</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Garage team</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Multitasking</s_text><sep/><s_text>Self-motivated</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Tools</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Sales as the important skill</s_text><sep/><s_text>As the designer</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Culture</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Lean and simple</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>3 philosophies and a platform</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Cultivate competent</s_text><sep/><s_text>Independent couriers and leaders</s_text><sep/><s_text>Healthy self-esteem</s_text><sep/><s_text>One: Put the decision to the lowest level</s_text><sep/><s_text>Two: Everyone understand what the strategies</s_text><sep/><s_text>Three: Learn from our mistakes</s_text><sep/><s_text>Platform: Corporate values is the extension of family values</s_text><sep/><s_text>Low turnover</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Hire less people</s_text><sep/><s_text>Pay them more</s_text><sep/><s_text>Keep them longer</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>


[User] <image>

[User] Extract the key points from this mind map and construct their hierarchical relationship.

[Assistant] <s_map><s_node-0><s_text>Swallow Safety  Considerations</s_text><s_node-1><s_text>Mental and Physical State</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Frustrated/Mad/Sad</s_text><sep/><s_text>Disoriented</s_text><sep/><s_text>Tired</s_text><sep/><s_text>Weak</s_text><sep/><s_text>Out of Breath</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Setting</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Reduce Distractions</s_text><sep/><s_text>Relaxing Setting</s_text><sep/><s_text>Limit Traffic</s_text><sep/><s_text>Limit Conversation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Do Not Promote Laughter</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Positioning</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Sit Upright</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Do Not Slouch</s_text><sep/><s_text>Do Not Tilt Back</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Leg Support</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Food Preparation</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Patient Involvement  In Food Preparation</s_text><sep/><s_text>Temperature</s_text><sep/><s_text>Tasty And Appropriate  Consistency</s_text><sep/><s_text>Difficult To Swallow Foods</s_text><sep/><s_text>Crumbly, Flaky Foods</s_text><sep/><s_text>Carbonated Beverages</s_text><sep/><s_text>Mixed Consistencies</s_text><sep/><s_text>Foods That Melt</s_text><sep/><s_text>Prior Difficulty With Foods</s_text><sep/><s_text>Thicken Liquids If Needed</s_text><sep/><s_text>Modify Diet Consistency</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Mealtime Strategies</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Timing</s_text><sep/><s_text>Portion Sizes</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Smaller Bites</s_text><sep/><s_text>Smaller Sips</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Chew Thoroughly</s_text><sep/><s_text>Dont Talk And Eat</s_text><sep/><s_text>Follow Appropriate Maneuvers</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Chin Tuck</s_text><sep/><s_text>Supraglottic Swallow</s_text><sep/><s_text>Super-Supraglottic Swallow</s_text><sep/><s_text>Mendelsohn Maneuver</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Finish Swallowing Before Taking In More Food</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Clear The Mouth  Out If Needed</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Alternate Liquids And Solids</s_text><sep/><s_text>Watch For Fatigue</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Finish Meal Later</s_text><sep/><s_text>Arrange For Smaller, More Frequent Meals</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Note Any Signs of  Aspiration Or Discomfort</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Do Not Slap Back</s_text><sep/><s_text>Be Prepared To Perform The Heimlich</s_text><sep/><s_text>Follow Individual Until Resolved</s_text></s_node-3></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Taking Medication</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Stay Calm</s_text><sep/><s_text>Sit Upright</s_text><sep/><s_text>Take One At A Time</s_text><sep/><s_text>Use Plenty Of Liquids</s_text><sep/><s_text>Use Applesauce</s_text><sep/><s_text>Change Sizes And/Or Consistency As Approved By Pharmacists</s_text><sep/><s_text>Use Specialized Cup</s_text><sep/><s_text>Take Them Early In The Day</s_text><sep/><s_text>Remain Upright For 30 Minutes After</s_text><sep/><s_text>Use Maneuvers As Needed</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>After Meals</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Do Not Lie Down For 30-45 Minutes</s_text><sep/><s_text>Walk If Possible/Allowed</s_text><sep/><s_text>Clean Teeth and Gums</s_text><sep/><s_text>Use Mouth Wash As Permitted</s_text><sep/><s_text>Moisturize And Lubricate The Mouth</s_text><sep/><s_text>Suction Pooled Saliva</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Between Meals</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Watch For Chest Pain, Voice Changes, Or Respiratory Difficulty</s_text><sep/><s_text>Perform Swallow/Breathing Exercises</s_text><sep/><s_text>Work On Fitness, Posture, Strength</s_text><sep/><s_text>Keep Mind And Body Active</s_text><sep/><s_text>Elevate The Head Of The Bed 30 Degrees</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Education</s_text><s_node-2><s_text>Family</s_text><sep/><s_text>Cafeteria Workers</s_text><sep/><s_text>Staff/Caretakers</s_text><s_node-3><s_text>Nurses</s_text><sep/><s_text>OT</s_text><sep/><s_text>PT</s_text><sep/><s_text>Dietician</s_text><sep/><s_text>Aides</s_text></s_node-3><sep/><s_text>Patient</s_text></s_node-2><sep/><s_text>Reference: Sayadi, R., Herskowitz, J. (2010). Swallow Safely. Retrieved November 2, 2014, from http://www.brainline.org/content/2010/08/swallow-safely_pageall.html</s_text></s_node-1></s_node-0></s_map>