human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge groups authors who co-authored the same paper.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "S-metric calculation by considering dominated hypervolume as klee's measure problem"):
  Abstract: The dominated hypervolume (or S-metric) is a commonly accepted quality measure for comparing approximations of Pareto fronts generated by multi-objective optimizers. Since optimizers exist, namely evolutionary algorithms, that use the S-metric internally several times per iteration, a fast determination of the S-metric value is of essential importance. This work describes how to consider the S-metric as a special case of a more general geometric problem called Klee's measure problem (KMP). For KMP, an algorithm exists with runtime O(n log n + nd/2 log n), for n points of d ≥ 3 dimensions. This complex algorithm is adapted to the special case of calculating the S-metric. Conceptual simplifications realize the algorithm without complex data structures and establish an upper bound of O(nd/2 log n) for the S-metric calculation for d ≥ 3. The performance of the new algorithm is studied in comparison to another state of the art algorithm on a set of academic test functions.

Includes members:
  Member "Covariance Matrix Adaptation for Multi-objective Optimization":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "Multi-objective model selection for support vector machines")
  Member "Objective Reduction in Many-Objective Optimization: Linear and Nonlinear Algorithms":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "MOMM: Multi-objective model merging")

Question: Please tell me which research area the co-authored paper (i.e., the source paper of the center hyperedge) belongs to. The 4 classes are: Computer science, Mathematics, Engineering, Economics, Psychology, Business. Directly output the class name.

gpt: Mathematics