human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge groups authors who co-authored the same paper.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "Strong formulations for network design problems with connectivity requirements"):
  Abstract: The network design problem with connectivity requirements lNDCr includes as special cases a wide variety of celebrated combinatorial optimization problems including the minimum spanning tree, Steiner tree, and survivable network design problems. We develop strong formulations for two versions of the edge-connectivity NDC problem: unitary problems requiring connected network designs, and nonunitary problems permitting nonconnected networks as solutions. We l1r present a new directed formulation for the unitary NDC problem that is stronger than a natural undirected formulation; l2r project out two classes of valid inequalities—partition inequalities, and combinatorial design inequalities—that generalize known classes of valid inequalities for the Steiner tree problem to the unitary NDC problem; and l3r show how to strengthen and direct nonunitary problems. Our results provide a unifying framework for strengthening formulations for NDC problems, and demonstrate the power of flow-based formulations for network design problems with connectivity requirements. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 45l2r, 61–79 2005

Includes members:
  Member "Connectivity–splitting models for survivable network design":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)

Question: Please tell me which research area the co-authored paper (i.e., the source paper of the center hyperedge) belongs to. The 4 classes are: Computer science, Mathematics, Engineering, Economics, Psychology, Business. Directly output the class name.

gpt: Mathematics