human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge groups authors who co-authored the same paper.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "Automated refactoring of ATL model transformations: a search-based approach"):
  Abstract: Model transformation programs evolve through a process of continuous change. However, this process may weaken the design of the transformation programs and make it unnecessarily complex, leading to increased fault-proneness. Refactoring improves the software design while preserving overall functionality and behavior. However, very few studies addressed the problem of refactoring model transformation programs. These existing studies provided an entirely manual or semi-automated refactoring support to transformation languages such as ATL. In this paper, we propose a  fully-automated  search-based approach to refactor model transformations based on a multi-objective algorithm that recommends the best refactoring sequence (e.g. extract rule, merge rules, etc.) optimizing a set of ATL-based quality metrics (e.g. number of rules, coupling, etc.). To validate our approach, we apply it to a comprehensive dataset of model transformations. The statistical analysis of our experiments over 30 runs shows that our automated approach recommended useful refactorings based on benchmark of ATL programs and compared to random search, mono-objective search formulation and a semi-automated refactoring approach not based heuristic search.

Includes members:
  Member "MOMM: Multi-objective model merging":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "Objective Reduction in Many-Objective Optimization: Linear and Nonlinear Algorithms")
  Member "Change Propagation-based and Composition-based Co-evolution of Transformations with Evolving Metamodels":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)

Question: Please tell me which research area the co-authored paper (i.e., the source paper of the center hyperedge) belongs to. The 4 classes are: Computer science, Mathematics, Engineering, Economics, Psychology, Business. Directly output the class name.

gpt: Computer science