human: Given a node-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where nodes represent papers and hyperedges represent sets of papers co-cited by a source paper.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center node: "combinatorial attacks on binarized neural networks"
  Abstract: Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs) have recently attracted significant interest due to their computational efficiency. Concurrently, it has been shown that neural networks may be overly sensitive to "attacks" - tiny adversarial changes in the input - which may be detrimental to their use in safety-critical domains. Designing attack algorithms that effectively fool trained models is a key step towards learning robust neural networks. The discrete, non-differentiable nature of BNNs, which distinguishes them from their full-precision counterparts, poses a challenge to gradient-based attacks. In this work, we study the problem of attacking a BNN through the lens of combinatorial and integer optimization. We propose a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation of the problem. While exact and flexible, the MILP quickly becomes intractable as the network and perturbation space grow. To address this issue, we propose IProp, a decomposition-based algorithm that solves a sequence of much smaller MILP problems. Experimentally, we evaluate both proposed methods against the standard gradient-based attack (FGSM) on MNIST and Fashion-MNIST, and show that IProp performs favorably compared to FGSM, while scaling beyond the limits of the MILP.

Connected through hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "lossless compression of deep neural networks"):
  with members:
    - "mipaal mixed integer program as a layer"
    - "caql continuous action q learning"
    - "function approximation by deep networks"
    - "equivalent and approximate transformations of deep neural networks"
    - "differentiable convex optimization layers"
    - "accelerating primal solution findings for mixed integer programs based on solution prediction"
    - "reinforcement learning for integer programming learning to cut"
    - "machine learning for combinatorial optimization a methodological tour d horizon"

Connected through hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "impact of low bitwidth quantization on the adversarial robustness for embedded neural networks"):
  with members:
    - "theoretically principled trade off between robustness and accuracy"
    - "defensive quantization when efficiency meets robustness"
    - "on evaluating adversarial robustness"
    - "defending against whitebox adversarial attacks via randomized discretization"
    - "adversarial examples a complete characterisation of the phenomenon"
    - "on the effectiveness of interval bound propagation for training verifiably robust models"
    - "stochastic activation pruning for robust adversarial defense"
    - "efficient two step adversarial defense for deep neural networks"

Connected through hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "exploring the back alleys analysing the robustness of alternative neural network architectures against adversarial attacks"):
  with members:
    - "adversarial attacks on remote user authentication using behavioural mouse dynamics"
    - "a novel method for extracting interpretable knowledge from a spiking neural classifier with time varying synaptic weights"
    - "a comprehensive analysis on adversarial robustness of spiking neural networks"
    - "improving black box adversarial attacks with a transfer based prior"
    - "bio inspired digit recognition using reward modulated spike timing dependent plasticity in deep convolutional networks"
    - "spyketorch efficient simulation of convolutional spiking neural networks with at most one spike per neuron"
    - "enabling spike based backpropagation in state of the art deep neural network architectures"
    - "going deeper in spiking neural networks vgg and residual architectures"

Connected through hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "principled deep neural network training through linear programming"):
  with members:
    - "the computational complexity of training relu s"

Question: Please tell me which class the center node belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)