human: Given a node-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where nodes represent papers and hyperedges represent sets of papers co-cited by a source paper.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center node: "tbd benchmarking and analyzing deep neural network training"
  Abstract: The recent popularity of deep neural networks (DNNs) has generated a lot of research interest in performing DNN-related computation efficiently. However, the primary focus is usually very narrow and limited to (i) inference -- i.e. how to efficiently execute already trained models and (ii) image classification networks as the primary benchmark for evaluation. #R##N#Our primary goal in this work is to break this myopic view by (i) proposing a new benchmark for DNN training, called TBD (TBD is short for Training Benchmark for DNNs), that uses a representative set of DNN models that cover a wide range of machine learning applications: image classification, machine translation, speech recognition, object detection, adversarial networks, reinforcement learning, and (ii) by performing an extensive performance analysis of training these different applications on three major deep learning frameworks (TensorFlow, MXNet, CNTK) across different hardware configurations (single-GPU, multi-GPU, and multi-machine). TBD currently covers six major application domains and eight different state-of-the-art models. #R##N#We present a new toolchain for performance analysis for these models that combines the targeted usage of existing performance analysis tools, careful selection of new and existing metrics and methodologies to analyze the results, and utilization of domain specific characteristics of DNN training. We also build a new set of tools for memory profiling in all three major frameworks; much needed tools that can finally shed some light on precisely how much memory is consumed by different data structures (weights, activations, gradients, workspace) in DNN training. By using our tools and methodologies, we make several important observations and recommendations on where the future research and optimization of DNN training should be focused.

Connected through hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "aibench an agile domain specific benchmarking methodology and an ai benchmark suite"):
  with members:
    - "mlperf training benchmark"
    - "ranking distillation learning compact ranking models with high performance for recommender system"
    - "frustrated with replicating claims of a shared model a solution"
    - "bigdatabench a scalable and unified big data and ai benchmark suite"
    - "data motifs a lens towards fully understanding big data and ai workloads"
    - "in datacenter performance analysis of a tensor processing unit"
    - "vggface2 a dataset for recognising faces across pose and age"
    - "attention is all you need"

Connected through hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "deeprecsys a system for optimizing end to end at scale neural recommendation inference"):
  with members:
    - "the architectural implications of facebook s dnn based personalized recommendation"
    - "deep learning recommendation model for personalization and recommendation systems"
    - "mixed dimension embeddings with application to memory efficient recommendation systems"
    - "mlperf inference benchmark"
    - "prema a predictive multi task scheduling algorithm for preemptible neural processing units"
    - "tensordimm a practical near memory processing architecture for embeddings and tensor operations in deep learning"
    - "compositional embeddings using complementary partitions for memory efficient recommendation systems"
    - "mlperf training benchmark"

Connected through hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "performance aware convolutional neural network channel pruning for embedded gpus"):
  with members:
    - "analyzing machine learning workloads using a detailed gpu simulator"
    - "squeeze and excitation networks"
    - "towards end to end speech recognition with deep convolutional neural networks"
    - "channel pruning for accelerating very deep neural networks"
    - "densely connected convolutional networks"
    - "deep compression compressing deep neural networks with pruning trained quantization and huffman coding"
    - "autotuning opencl workgroup size for stencil patterns"
    - "learning both weights and connections for efficient neural networks"

Connected through hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "qutibench benchmarking neural networks on heterogeneous hardware"):
  with members:
    - "analysis of dawnbench a time to accuracy machine learning performance benchmark"
    - "binareye an always on energy accuracy scalable binary cnn processor with all memory on chip in 28nm cmos"
    - "training and inference with integers in deep neural networks"
    - "tvm end to end optimization stack for deep learning"
    - "finn l library extensions and design trade off analysis for variable precision lstm networks on fpgas"
    - "bismo a scalable bit serial matrix multiplication overlay for reconfigurable computing"
    - "in datacenter performance analysis of a tensor processing unit"
    - "toward computation and memory efficient neural network acoustic models with binary weights and activations"

Connected through hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "progressive compressed records taking a byte out of deep learning data"):
  with members:
    - "dataset distillation"
    - "discrepancy coresets and sketches in machine learning"
    - "3lc lightweight and effective traffic compression for distributed machine learning"
    - "yet another accelerated sgd resnet 50 training on imagenet in 74 7 seconds"
    - "beyond the memory wall a case for memory centric hpc system for deep learning"
    - "the ham10000 dataset a large collection of multi source dermatoscopic images of common pigmented skin lesions"
    - "turning big data into tiny data constant size coresets for k means pca and projective clustering"
    - "shufflenet v2 practical guidelines for efficient cnn architecture design"

Connected through hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "mlperf training benchmark"):
  with members:
    - "deep learning recommendation model for personalization and recommendation systems"
    - "scalable realistic recommendation datasets through fractal expansions"
    - "a modular benchmarking infrastructure for high performance and reproducible deep learning"
    - "optimizing network performance for distributed dnn training on gpu clusters imagenet alexnet training in 1 5 minutes"
    - "scalable methods for 8 bit training of neural networks"
    - "massively distributed sgd imagenet resnet 50 training in a flash"
    - "analysis of dawnbench a time to accuracy machine learning performance benchmark"
    - "nvidia tensor core programmability performance precision"

Connected through hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "aibench an industry standard internet service ai benchmark suite"):
  with members:
    - "edge aibench towards comprehensive end to end edge computing benchmarking"
    - "ranking distillation learning compact ranking models with high performance for recommender system"
    - "frustrated with replicating claims of a shared model a solution"
    - "bigdatabench a scalable and unified big data and ai benchmark suite"
    - "data motifs a lens towards fully understanding big data and ai workloads"
    - "in datacenter performance analysis of a tensor processing unit"
    - "vggface2 a dataset for recognising faces across pose and age"
    - "attention is all you need"

Connected through hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "performance analysis and characterization of training deep learning models on nvidia tx2"):
  with members:
    - "towards federated learning at scale system design"
    - "agnostic federated learning"
    - "applied federated learning improving google keyboard query suggestions"
    - "deepcache principled cache for mobile deep vision"
    - "federated learning strategies for improving communication efficiency"
    - "runtime concurrency control and operation scheduling for high performance neural network training"
    - "beyond data and model parallelism for deep neural networks"
    - "federated optimization for heterogeneous networks"

Question: Please tell me which class the center node belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)