human: Given a node-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where nodes represent papers and hyperedges represent sets of papers co-cited by a source paper.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center node: "physical design obfuscation of hardware a comprehensive investigation of device and logic level techniques"
  Abstract: The threat of hardware reverse engineering is a growing concern for a large number of applications. A main defense strategy against reverse engineering is hardware obfuscation. In this paper, we investigate physical obfuscation techniques, which perform alterations of circuit elements that are difficult or impossible for an adversary to observe. The examples of such stealthy manipulations are changes in the doping concentrations or dielectric manipulations. An attacker will, thus, extract a netlist, which does not correspond to the logic function of the device-under-attack. This approach of camouflaging has garnered recent attention in the literature. In this paper, we expound on this promising direction to conduct a systematic end-to-end study of the VLSI design process to find multiple ways to obfuscate a circuit for hardware security. This paper makes three major contributions. First, we provide a categorization of the available physical obfuscation techniques as it pertains to various design stages. There is a large and multidimensional design space for introducing obfuscated elements and mechanisms, and the proposed taxonomy is helpful for a systematic treatment. Second, we provide a review of the methods that have been proposed or in use. Third, we present recent and new device and logic-level techniques for design obfuscation. For each technique considered, we discuss feasibility of the approach and assess likelihood of its detection. Then we turn our focus to open research questions, and conclude with suggestions for future research directions.

Connected through hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "protect your chip design intellectual property an overview"):
  with members:
    - "functional analysis attacks on logic locking"
    - "a new paradigm in split manufacturing lock the feol unlock at the beol"
    - "srclock sat resistant cyclic logic locking for protecting the hardware"
    - "best of both worlds integration of split manufacturing and camouflaging into a security driven cad flow for 3d ics"
    - "concerted wire lifting enabling secure and cost effective split manufacturing"
    - "opening the doors to dynamic camouflaging harnessing the power of polymorphic devices"
    - "sat based reverse engineering of gate level schematics using fault injection and probing"
    - "advancing hardware security using polymorphic and stochastic spin hall effect devices"

Connected through hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "defense in depth a recipe for logic locking to prevail"):
  with members:
    - "functional analysis attacks on logic locking"
    - "taal tampering attack on any key based logic locked circuits"
    - "threats on logic locking a decade later"
    - "sail machine learning guided structural analysis attack on hardware obfuscation"
    - "logic locking for secure outsourced chip fabrication a new attack and provably secure defense mechanism"
    - "threshold based obfuscated keys with quantifiable security against invasive readout"

Connected through hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "spin orbit torque devices for hardware security from deterministic to probabilistic regime"):
  with members:
    - "exploiting spin orbit torque devices as reconfigurable logic for circuit obfuscation"
    - "sail machine learning guided structural analysis attack on hardware obfuscation"
    - "concerted wire lifting enabling secure and cost effective split manufacturing"
    - "rethinking split manufacturing an information theoretic approach with secure layout techniques"
    - "obfuscating the interconnects low cost and resilient full chip layout camouflaging"

Connected through hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "best of both worlds integration of split manufacturing and camouflaging into a security driven cad flow for 3d ics"):
  with members:
    - "spectre attacks exploiting speculative execution"
    - "concerted wire lifting enabling secure and cost effective split manufacturing"
    - "advancing hardware security using polymorphic and stochastic spin hall effect devices"
    - "rethinking split manufacturing an information theoretic approach with secure layout techniques"
    - "a novel interconnect camouflaging technique using transistor threshold voltage"
    - "obfuscating the interconnects low cost and resilient full chip layout camouflaging"
    - "threshold dependent camouflaged cells to secure circuits against reverse engineering attacks"

Connected through hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "stealthy opaque predicates in hardware obfuscating constant expressions at negligible overhead"):
  with members:
    - "interdiction in practice hardware trojan against a high security usb flash drive"
    - "a look at the dark side of hardware reverse engineering a case study"

Connected through hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "algorithmic obfuscation over gf 2 m"):
  with members:
    - "design automation for obfuscated circuits with multiple viable functions"

Connected through hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "obfuscating the interconnects low cost and resilient full chip layout camouflaging"):
  with members:
    - "design automation for obfuscated circuits with multiple viable functions"
    - "threshold dependent camouflaged cells to secure circuits against reverse engineering attacks"
    - "limits on fundamental limits to computation"

Connected through hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "threshold based obfuscated keys with quantifiable security against invasive readout"):
  with members:
    - "design automation for obfuscated circuits with multiple viable functions"
    - "threshold dependent camouflaged cells to secure circuits against reverse engineering attacks"

Question: Please tell me which class the center node belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CR(Cryptography and Security)