human: Given a node-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where nodes represent papers and hyperedges represent sets of papers co-cited by a source paper.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center node: "generalizing permissive upgrade in dynamic information flow analysis"
  Abstract: Preventing implicit information flows by dynamic program analysis requires coarse approximations that result in false positives, because a dynamic monitor sees only the executed trace of the program. One widely deployed method is the no-sensitive-upgrade check, which terminates a program whenever a variable's taint is upgraded (made more sensitive) due to a control dependence on tainted data. Although sound, this method is restrictive, e.g., it terminates the program even if the upgraded variable is never used subsequently. To counter this, Austin and Flanagan introduced the permissive-upgrade check, which allows a variable upgrade due to control dependence, but marks the variable "partially-leaked". The program is stopped later if it tries to use the partially-leaked variable. Permissive-upgrade handles the dead-variable assignment problem and remains sound. However, Austin and Flanagan develop permissive-upgrade only for a two-point (low-high) security lattice and indicate a generalization to pointwise products of such lattices. In this paper, we develop a non-trivial and non-obvious generalization of permissive-upgrade to arbitrary lattices. The key difficulty lies in finding a suitable notion of partial leaks that is both sound and permissive and in developing a suitable definition of memory equivalence that allows an inductive proof of soundness.

Connected through hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "calculational design of information flow monitors extended version"):
  with members:
    - "galois transformers and modular abstract interpreters reusable metatheory for program analysis"
    - "a survey on product operators in abstract interpretation"
    - "epistemic temporal logic for information flow security"
    - "attacker control and impact for confidentiality and integrity"

Question: Please tell me which class the center node belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CR(Cryptography and Security)