human: Given a node-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where nodes represent papers and hyperedges represent sets of papers co-cited by a source paper.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center node: "badnets identifying vulnerabilities in the machine learning model supply chain"
  Abstract: Deep learning-based techniques have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide variety of recognition and classification tasks. However, these networks are typically computationally expensive to train, requiring weeks of computation on many GPUs; as a result, many users outsource the training procedure to the cloud or rely on pre-trained models that are then fine-tuned for a specific task. In this paper we show that outsourced training introduces new security risks: an adversary can create a maliciously trained network (a backdoored neural network, or a \emph{BadNet}) that has state-of-the-art performance on the user's training and validation samples, but behaves badly on specific attacker-chosen inputs. We first explore the properties of BadNets in a toy example, by creating a backdoored handwritten digit classifier. Next, we demonstrate backdoors in a more realistic scenario by creating a U.S. street sign classifier that identifies stop signs as speed limits when a special sticker is added to the stop sign; we then show in addition that the backdoor in our US street sign detector can persist even if the network is later retrained for another task and cause a drop in accuracy of {25}\% on average when the backdoor trigger is present. These results demonstrate that backdoors in neural networks are both powerful and---because the behavior of neural networks is difficult to explicate---stealthy. This work provides motivation for further research into techniques for verifying and inspecting neural networks, just as we have developed tools for verifying and debugging software.

Connected through hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "vulnerabilities of connectionist ai applications evaluation and defence"):
  with members:
    - "towards ground truth evaluation of visual explanations"
    - "continual lifelong learning with neural networks a review"
    - "programmable neural network trojan for pre trained feature extractor"
    - "hidden trigger backdoor attacks"
    - "adversarial attacks and defenses in images graphs and text a review"
    - "on evaluating adversarial robustness"
    - "explainable ai for trees from local explanations to global understanding"
    - "wild patterns ten years after the rise of adversarial machine learning"

Connected through hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "sentinet detecting localized universal attacks against deep learning systems"):
  with members:
    - "on adaptive attacks to adversarial example defenses"
    - "on evaluating adversarial robustness"
    - "model reuse attacks on deep learning systems"
    - "adversarial patch"
    - "yolov3 an incremental improvement"
    - "lavan localized and visible adversarial noise"
    - "anomaly detection using one class neural networks"
    - "review of deep learning"

Connected through hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "dynamic backdoor attacks against machine learning models"):
  with members:
    - "memguard defending against black box membership inference attacks via adversarial examples"
    - "strip a defence against trojan attacks on deep neural networks"
    - "under the hood of membership inference attacks on aggregate location time series"
    - "updates leak data set inference and reconstruction attacks in online learning"
    - "exploiting unintended feature leakage in collaborative learning"
    - "knockoff nets stealing functionality of black box models"
    - "tagvisor a privacy advisor for sharing hashtags"
    - "the natural auditor how to tell if someone used your words to train their model"

Connected through hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "rab provable robustness against backdoor attacks"):
  with members:
    - "dynamic backdoor attacks against machine learning models"
    - "backdoor attacks against transfer learning with pre trained deep learning models"
    - "provable robust learning based on transformation specific smoothing"
    - "on certifying robustness against backdoor attacks via randomized smoothing"
    - "certified robustness to label flipping attacks via randomized smoothing"
    - "certified adversarial robustness via randomized smoothing"
    - "strip a defence against trojan attacks on deep neural networks"
    - "detecting backdoor attacks on deep neural networks by activation clustering"

Connected through hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "entangled watermarks as a defense against model extraction"):
  with members:
    - "similarity of neural network representations revisited"
    - "high fidelity extraction of neural network models"
    - "a framework for the extraction of deep neural networks by leveraging public data"
    - "energy and policy considerations for deep learning in nlp"
    - "detecting backdoor attacks on deep neural networks by activation clustering"
    - "adversarial risk and the dangers of evaluating against weak attacks"
    - "fine pruning defending against backdooring attacks on deep neural networks"
    - "knockoff nets stealing functionality of black box models"

Connected through hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "threats to federated learning a survey"):
  with members:
    - "fedvision an online visual object detection platform powered by federated learning"
    - "idlg improved deep leakage from gradients"
    - "advances and open problems in federated learning"
    - "deep leakage from gradients"
    - "towards fair and decentralized privacy preserving deep learning with blockchain"
    - "federated learning challenges methods and future directions"
    - "federated machine learning concept and applications"
    - "analyzing federated learning through an adversarial lens"

Connected through hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "adversarial machine learning industry perspectives"):
  with members:
    - "the deepfake detection challenge dfdc preview dataset"
    - "secml a python library for secure and explainable machine learning"
    - "failure modes in machine learning systems"
    - "benchmarking neural network robustness to common corruptions and perturbations"
    - "adversarial music real world audio adversary against wake word detection system"
    - "manipulating machine learning poisoning attacks and countermeasures for regression learning"
    - "adversarial generative nets neural network attacks on state of the art face recognition"
    - "adversarial reprogramming of neural networks"

Connected through hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "februus input purification defense against trojan attacks on deep neural network systems"):
  with members:
    - "grad cam visual explanations from deep networks via gradient based localization"
    - "strip a defence against trojan attacks on deep neural networks"
    - "tabor a highly accurate approach to inspecting and restoring trojan backdoors in ai systems"
    - "detecting backdoor attacks on deep neural networks by activation clustering"
    - "fine pruning defending against backdooring attacks on deep neural networks"
    - "sentinet detecting physical attacks against deep learning systems"
    - "hu fu hardware and software collaborative attack framework against neural networks"
    - "how to backdoor federated learning"

Question: Please tell me which class the center node belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CR(Cryptography and Security)