human: Given a node-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where nodes represent papers and hyperedges represent sets of papers co-cited by a source paper.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center node: "leopard identifying vulnerable code for vulnerability assessment through program metrics"
  Abstract: Identifying potentially vulnerable locations in a code base is critical as a pre-step for effective vulnerability assessment; i.e., it can greatly help security experts put their time and effort to where it is needed most. Metric-based and pattern-based methods have been presented for identifying vulnerable code. The former relies on machine learning and cannot work well due to the severe imbalance between non-vulnerable and vulnerable code or lack of features to characterize vulnerabilities. The latter needs the prior knowledge of known vulnerabilities and can only identify similar but not new types of vulnerabilities. #R##N#In this paper, we propose and implement a generic, lightweight and extensible framework, LEOPARD, to identify potentially vulnerable functions through program metrics. LEOPARD requires no prior knowledge about known vulnerabilities. It has two steps by combining two sets of systematically derived metrics. First, it uses complexity metrics to group the functions in a target application into a set of bins. Then, it uses vulnerability metrics to rank the functions in each bin and identifies the top ones as potentially vulnerable. Our experimental results on 11 real-world projects have demonstrated that, LEOPARD can cover 74.0% of vulnerable functions by identifying 20% of functions as vulnerable and outperform machine learning-based and static analysis-based techniques. We further propose three applications of LEOPARD for manual code review and fuzzing, through which we discovered 22 new bugs in real applications like PHP, radare2 and FFmpeg, and eight of them are new vulnerabilities.

Connected through hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "vuldeelocator a deep learning based fine grained vulnerability detector"):
  with members:
    - "sysevr a framework for using deep learning to detect software vulnerabilities"
    - "automated vulnerability detection in source code using deep representation learning"
    - "vuldeepecker a deep learning based system for vulnerability detection"
    - "automated software vulnerability detection with machine learning"
    - "tensorflow a system for large scale machine learning"
    - "adam a method for stochastic optimization"
    - "on the properties of neural machine translation encoder decoder approaches"

Connected through hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "generalizing cyclomatic complexity via path homology"):
  with members:
    - "persistent homology over directed acyclic graphs"

Connected through hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "devign effective vulnerability identification by learning comprehensive program semantics via graph neural networks"):
  with members:
    - "automated vulnerability detection in source code using deep representation learning"
    - "vuldeepecker a deep learning based system for vulnerability detection"
    - "automatic feature learning for vulnerability prediction"
    - "neural network based graph embedding for cross platform binary code similarity detection"
    - "learning to represent programs with graphs"
    - "gated graph sequence neural networks"
    - "discriminative embeddings of latent variable models for structured data"

Question: Please tell me which class the center node belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.SE(Software Engineering)