human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "parametric noise injection trainable randomness to improve deep neural network robustness against adversarial attack"):
  Abstract: Recent development in the field of Deep Learning have exposed the underlying vulnerability of Deep Neural Network (DNN) against adversarial examples. In image classification, an adversarial example is a carefully modified image that is visually imperceptible to the original image but can cause DNN model to misclassify it. Training the network with Gaussian noise is an effective technique to perform model regularization, thus improving model robustness against input variation. Inspired by this classical method, we explore to utilize the regularization characteristic of noise injection to improve DNN's robustness against adversarial attack. In this work, we propose Parametric-Noise-Injection (PNI) which involves trainable Gaussian noise injection at each layer on either activation or weights through solving the min-max optimization problem, embedded with adversarial training. These parameters are trained explicitly to achieve improved robustness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that uses trainable noise injection to improve network robustness against adversarial attacks, rather than manually configuring the injected noise level through cross-validation. The extensive results show that our proposed PNI technique effectively improves the robustness against a variety of powerful white-box and black-box attacks such as PGD, C & W, FGSM, transferable attack and ZOO attack. Last but not the least, PNI method improves both clean- and perturbed-data accuracy in comparison to the state-of-the-art defense methods, which outperforms current unbroken PGD defense by 1.1 % and 6.8 % on clean test data and perturbed test data respectively using Resnet-20 architecture.

Includes members:
  Member "identify susceptible locations in medical records via adversarial attacks on deep predictive models":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "poba ga perturbation optimized black box adversarial attacks via genetic algorithm")
  Member "l2 nonexpansive neural networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "on evaluating adversarial robustness")
  Member "seq2sick evaluating the robustness of sequence to sequence models with adversarial examples":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "robustness verification for transformers")
  Member "on the robustness of the cvpr 2018 white box adversarial example defenses":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "adversarial ranking attack and defense")
  Member "audio adversarial examples targeted attacks on speech to text":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "advbox a toolbox to generate adversarial examples that fool neural networks")
  Member "obfuscated gradients give a false sense of security circumventing defenses to adversarial examples":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "adversarial ranking attack and defense")
  Member "threat of adversarial attacks on deep learning in computer vision a survey":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "challenges and countermeasures for adversarial attacks on deep reinforcement learning")
  Member "towards robust neural networks via random self ensemble":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "black box smoothing a provable defense for pretrained classifiers")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)