human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "the convergence of sparsified gradient methods"):
  Abstract: Distributed training of massive machine learning models, in particular deep neural networks, via Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is becoming commonplace. Several families of communication-reduction methods, such as quantization, large-batch methods, and gradient sparsification, have been proposed. To date, gradient sparsification methods - where each node sorts gradients by magnitude, and only communicates a subset of the components, accumulating the rest locally - are known to yield some of the largest practical gains. Such methods can reduce the amount of communication per step by up to three orders of magnitude, while preserving model accuracy. Yet, this family of methods currently has no theoretical justification. #R##N#This is the question we address in this paper. We prove that, under analytic assumptions, sparsifying gradients by magnitude with local error correction provides convergence guarantees, for both convex and non-convex smooth objectives, for data-parallel SGD. The main insight is that sparsification methods implicitly maintain bounds on the maximum impact of stale updates, thanks to selection by magnitude. Our analysis and empirical validation also reveal that these methods do require analytical conditions to converge well, justifying existing heuristics.

Includes members:
  Member "sparcml high performance sparse communication for machine learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "communication optimization strategies for distributed deep learning a survey")
  Member "the convergence of stochastic gradient descent in asynchronous shared memory":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "elastic consistency a general consistency model for distributed stochastic gradient descent")
  Member "deep gradient compression reducing the communication bandwidth for distributed training":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "sparse weight activation training")
  Member "gradient sparsification for communication efficient distributed optimization":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "communication optimization strategies for distributed deep learning a survey")
  Member "scaling sgd batch size to 32k for imagenet training":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "communication optimization strategies for distributed deep learning a survey")
  Member "sparse communication for distributed gradient descent":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "communication optimization strategies for distributed deep learning a survey")
  Member "meprop sparsified back propagation for accelerated deep learning with reduced overfitting":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "sparse weight activation training")
  Member "terngrad ternary gradients to reduce communication in distributed deep learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "communication optimization strategies for distributed deep learning a survey")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)