human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "entropy rate estimation for markov chains with large state space"):
  Abstract: Estimating the entropy based on data is one of the prototypical problems in distribution property testing and estimation. For estimating the Shannon entropy of a distribution on $S$ elements with independent samples, [Paninski2004] showed that the sample complexity is sublinear in $S$, and [Valiant--Valiant2011] showed that consistent estimation of Shannon entropy is possible if and only if the sample size $n$ far exceeds $\frac{S}{\log S}$. In this paper we consider the problem of estimating the entropy rate of a stationary reversible Markov chain with $S$ states from a sample path of $n$ observations. We show that: #R##N#(1) As long as the Markov chain mixes not too slowly, i.e., the relaxation time is at most $O(\frac{S}{\ln^3 S})$, consistent estimation is achievable when $n \gg \frac{S^2}{\log S}$. #R##N#(2) As long as the Markov chain has some slight dependency, i.e., the relaxation time is at least $1+\Omega(\frac{\ln^2 S}{\sqrt{S}})$, consistent estimation is impossible when $n \lesssim \frac{S^2}{\log S}$. #R##N#Under both assumptions, the optimal estimation accuracy is shown to be $\Theta(\frac{S^2}{n \log S})$. In comparison, the empirical entropy rate requires at least $\Omega(S^2)$ samples to be consistent, even when the Markov chain is memoryless. In addition to synthetic experiments, we also apply the estimators that achieve the optimal sample complexity to estimate the entropy rate of the English language in the Penn Treebank and the Google One Billion Words corpora, which provides a natural benchmark for language modeling and relates it directly to the widely used perplexity measure.

Includes members:
  Member "outrageously large neural networks the sparsely gated mixture of experts layer":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "attention over parameters for dialogue systems")
  Member "data noising as smoothing in neural network language models":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "learning data manipulation for augmentation and weighting")
  Member "factorization tricks for lstm networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "compressing language models using doped kronecker products")
  Member "neural architecture search with reinforcement learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "using a thousand optimization tasks to learn hyperparameter search strategies")
  Member "exploring the limits of language modeling":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "a survey on contextual embeddings")
  Member "pointer sentinel mixture models":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "the implicit and explicit regularization effects of dropout")
  Member "maximum likelihood estimation of functionals of discrete distributions":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "importance of small probability events in big data information measures applications and challenges")
  Member "minimax rates of entropy estimation on large alphabets via best polynomial approximation":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "to split or not to split the impact of disparate treatment in classification")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)