human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "local gradients smoothing defense against localized adversarial attacks"):
  Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown vulnerability to adversarial attacks, i.e., carefully perturbed inputs designed to mislead the network at inference time. Recently introduced localized attacks, Localized and Visible Adversarial Noise (LaVAN) and Adversarial patch, pose a new challenge to deep learning security by adding adversarial noise only within a specific region without affecting the salient objects in an image. Driven by the observation that such attacks introduce concentrated high-frequency changes at a particular image location, we have developed an effective method to estimate noise location in gradient domain and transform those high activation regions caused by adversarial noise in image domain while having minimal effect on the salient object that is important for correct classification. Our proposed Local Gradients Smoothing (LGS) scheme achieves this by regularizing gradients in the estimated noisy region before feeding the image to DNN for inference. We have shown the effectiveness of our method in comparison to other defense methods including Digital Watermarking, JPEG compression, Total Variance Minimization (TVM) and Feature squeezing on ImageNet dataset. In addition, we systematically study the robustness of the proposed defense mechanism against Back Pass Differentiable Approximation (BPDA), a state of the art attack recently developed to break defenses that transform an input sample to minimize the adversarial effect. Compared to other defense mechanisms, LGS is by far the most resistant to BPDA in localized adversarial attack setting.

Includes members:
  Member "one pixel attack for fooling deep neural networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "adversarial ranking attack and defense")
  Member "adversarial patch":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "sentinet detecting localized universal attacks against deep learning systems")
  Member "microsoft malware classification challenge":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "interpreting machine learning malware detectors which leverage n gram analysis")
  Member "lavan localized and visible adversarial noise":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "sentinet detecting localized universal attacks against deep learning systems")
  Member "shield fast practical defense and vaccination for deep learning using jpeg compression":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "an empirical evaluation of perturbation based defenses")
  Member "feature squeezing detecting adversarial examples in deep neural networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "secure and robust machine learning for healthcare a survey")
  Member "obfuscated gradients give a false sense of security circumventing defenses to adversarial examples":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "adversarial ranking attack and defense")
  Member "threat of adversarial attacks on deep learning in computer vision a survey":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "challenges and countermeasures for adversarial attacks on deep reinforcement learning")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition)