human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "invariant generation through strategy iteration in succinctly represented control flow graphs"):
  Abstract: We consider the problem of computing numerical invariants of programs, for#N#instance bounds on the values of numerical program variables. More#N#specifically, we study the problem of performing static analysis by abstract#N#interpretation using template linear constraint domains. Such invariants can be#N#obtained by Kleene iterations that are, in order to guarantee termination,#N#accelerated by widening operators. In many cases, however, applying this form#N#of extrapolation leads to invariants that are weaker than the strongest#N#inductive invariant that can be expressed within the abstract domain in use.#N#Another well-known source of imprecision of traditional abstract interpretation#N#techniques stems from their use of join operators at merge nodes in the control#N#flow graph. The mentioned weaknesses may prevent these methods from proving#N#safety properties. The technique we develop in this article addresses both of#N#these issues: contrary to Kleene iterations accelerated by widening operators,#N#it is guaranteed to yield the strongest inductive invariant that can be#N#expressed within the template linear constraint domain in use. It also eschews#N#join operators by distinguishing all paths of loop-free code segments. Formally#N#speaking, our technique computes the least fixpoint within a given template#N#linear constraint domain of a transition relation that is succinctly expressed#N#as an existentially quantified linear real arithmetic formula. In contrast to#N#previously published techniques that rely on quantifier elimination, our#N#algorithm is proved to have optimal complexity: we prove that the decision#N#problem associated with our fixpoint problem is in the second level of the#N#polynomial-time hierarchy.

Includes members:
  Member "succinct representations for abstract interpretation":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "a survey of satisfiability modulo theory")
  Member "optimization in smt with la q cost functions":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "from minizinc to optimization modulo theories and back extended version")
  Member "numerical invariants through convex relaxation and max strategy iteration":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)
  Member "using bounded model checking to focus fixpoint iterations":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "combining forward and backward abstract interpretation of horn clauses")
  Member "improving strategies via smt solving":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "safety verification and refutation by k invariants and k induction extended version")
  Member "automatic modular abstractions for template numerical constraints":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "program analysis with local policy iteration")
  Member "the octagon abstract domain":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "reludiff differential verification of deep neural networks")
  Member "symbolic methods to enhance the precision of numerical abstract domains":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "automatically proving microkernels free from privilege escalation from their executable")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.PL(Programming Languages)