human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "trace refinement in labelled markov decision processes"):
  Abstract: Given two labelled Markov decision processes (MDPs), the trace-refinement problem asks whether for all strategies of the first MDP there exists a strategy of the second MDP such that the induced labelled Markov chains are trace-equivalent. We show that this problem is decidable in polynomial time if the second MDP is a Markov chain. The algorithm is based on new results on a particular notion of bisimulation between distributions over the states. However, we show that the general trace-refinement problem is undecidable, even if the first MDP is a Markov chain. Decidability of those problems was stated as open in 2008. We further study the decidability and complexity of the trace-refinement problem provided that the strategies are restricted to be memoryless.

Includes members:
  Member "probabilistic bisimulation naturally on distributions":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "the theory of traces for systems with nondeterminism and probability")
  Member "stability and complexity of minimising probabilistic automata":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "singular value automata and approximate minimization")
  Member "reachability in two clock timed automata is pspace complete":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "life is random time is not markov decision processes with window objectives")
  Member "when equivalence and bisimulation join forces in probabilistic automata":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "the theory of traces for systems with nondeterminism and probability")
  Member "computing a nonnegative matrix factorization provably":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "convergence to second order stationarity for non negative matrix factorization provably and concurrently")
  Member "on the complexity of nonnegative matrix factorization":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "convergence to second order stationarity for non negative matrix factorization provably and concurrently")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science)