human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "badnets identifying vulnerabilities in the machine learning model supply chain"):
  Abstract: Deep learning-based techniques have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide variety of recognition and classification tasks. However, these networks are typically computationally expensive to train, requiring weeks of computation on many GPUs; as a result, many users outsource the training procedure to the cloud or rely on pre-trained models that are then fine-tuned for a specific task. In this paper we show that outsourced training introduces new security risks: an adversary can create a maliciously trained network (a backdoored neural network, or a \emph{BadNet}) that has state-of-the-art performance on the user's training and validation samples, but behaves badly on specific attacker-chosen inputs. We first explore the properties of BadNets in a toy example, by creating a backdoored handwritten digit classifier. Next, we demonstrate backdoors in a more realistic scenario by creating a U.S. street sign classifier that identifies stop signs as speed limits when a special sticker is added to the stop sign; we then show in addition that the backdoor in our US street sign detector can persist even if the network is later retrained for another task and cause a drop in accuracy of {25}\% on average when the backdoor trigger is present. These results demonstrate that backdoors in neural networks are both powerful and---because the behavior of neural networks is difficult to explicate---stealthy. This work provides motivation for further research into techniques for verifying and inspecting neural networks, just as we have developed tools for verifying and debugging software.

Includes members:
  Member "robust physical world attacks on machine learning models":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "vulnerabilities of connectionist ai applications evaluation and defence")
  Member "practical black box attacks against machine learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "adversarial ranking attack and defense")
  Member "universal adversarial perturbations":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "adversarial ranking attack and defense")
  Member "convexified convolutional neural networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "generalised lipschitz regularisation equals distributional robustness")
  Member "deep learning in neural networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "π nets deep polynomial neural networks")
  Member "deepdriving learning affordance for direct perception in autonomous driving":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "communication optimization strategies for distributed deep learning a survey")
  Member "rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "adversarial ranking attack and defense")
  Member "very deep convolutional networks for large scale image recognition":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "discrimination aware network pruning for deep model compression")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CR(Cryptography and Security)