human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "on tree representations of relations and graphs symbolic ultrametrics and cograph edge decompositions"):
  Abstract: Tree representations of (sets of) symmetric binary relations, or equivalently edge-colored undirected graphs, are of central interest, e.g.\ in phylogenomics. In this context symbolic ultrametrics play a crucial role. Symbolic ultrametrics define an edge-colored complete graph that allows to represent the topology of this graph as a vertex-colored tree. Here, we are interested in the structure and the complexity of certain combinatorial problems resulting from considerations based on symbolic ultrametrics, and on algorithms to solve them. #R##N#This includes, the characterization of symbolic ultrametrics that additionally distinguishes between edges and non-edges of \emph{arbitrary} edge-colored graphs $G$ and thus, yielding a tree representation of $G$, by means of so-called cographs. Moreover, we address the problem of finding "closest" symbolic ultrametrics and show the NP-completeness of the three problems: symbolic ultrametric editing, completion and deletion. Finally, as not all graphs are cographs, and hence, don't have a tree representation, we ask, furthermore, what is the minimum number of cotrees needed to represent the topology of an arbitrary non-cograph $G$. This is equivalent to find an optimal cograph edge $k$-decomposition $\{E_1,\dots,E_k\}$ of $E$ so that each subgraph $(V,E_i)$ of $G$ is a cograph. We investigate this problem in full detail, resulting in several new open problems, and NP-hardness results. #R##N#For all optimization problems proven to be NP-hard we will provide integer linear program (ILP) formulations to efficiently solve them.

Includes members:
  Member "from event labeled gene trees to species trees":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "reconstruction of time consistent species trees")
  Member "phylogenomics with paralogs":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "faster and enhanced inclusion minimal cograph completion")
  Member "on symbolic ultrametrics cotree representations and cograph edge decompositions and partitions":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "cograph editing merging modules is equivalent to editing p4 s")
  Member "partial star products a local covering approach for the recognition of approximate cartesian product graphs":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "on the cartesian skeleton and the factorization of the strong product of digraphs")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics)