human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "towards measuring membership privacy"):
  Abstract: Machine learning models are increasingly made available to the masses through public query interfaces. Recent academic work has demonstrated that malicious users who can query such models are able to infer sensitive information about records within the training data. Differential privacy can thwart such attacks, but not all models can be readily trained to achieve this guarantee or to achieve it with acceptable utility loss. As a result, if a model is trained without differential privacy guarantee, little is known or can be said about the privacy risk of releasing it. In this work, we investigate and analyze membership attacks to understand why and how they succeed. Based on this understanding, we propose Differential Training Privacy (DTP), an empirical metric to estimate the privacy risk of publishing a classier when methods such as differential privacy cannot be applied. DTP is a measure of a classier with respect to its training dataset, and we show that calculating DTP is efficient in many practical cases. We empirically validate DTP using state-of-the-art machine learning models such as neural networks trained on real-world datasets. Our results show that DTP is highly predictive of the success of membership attacks and therefore reducing DTP also reduces the privacy risk. We advocate for DTP to be used as part of the decision-making process when considering publishing a classifier. To this end, we also suggest adopting the DTP-1 hypothesis: if a classifier has a DTP value above 1, it should not be published.

Includes members:
  Member "privacy risk in machine learning analyzing the connection to overfitting":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "dynamic backdoor attacks against machine learning models")
  Member "machine learning models that remember too much":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "fawkes protecting personal privacy against unauthorized deep learning models")
  Member "stealing machine learning models via prediction apis":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "dynamic backdoor attacks against machine learning models")
  Member "membership inference attacks against machine learning models":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "the future of digital health with federated learning")
  Member "matching known patients to health records in washington state data":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "cipher construction of differentially private microdata from low dimensional histograms via solving linear equations with tikhonov regularization")
  Member "functional mechanism regression analysis under differential privacy":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "privacy for all demystify vulnerability disparity of differential privacy against membership inference attack")
  Member "on sampling anonymization and differential privacy or k anonymization meets differential privacy":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "data dependent differentially private parameter learning for directed graphical models")
  Member "differentially private empirical risk minimization":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "scaffold stochastic controlled averaging for federated learning")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CR(Cryptography and Security)