human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "skeletal program enumeration for rigorous compiler testing"):
  Abstract: A program can be viewed as a syntactic structure P (syntactic skeleton) parameterized by a collection of the identifiers V (variable names). This paper introduces the skeletal program enumeration (SPE) problem: Given a fixed syntactic skeleton P and a set of variables V , enumerate a set of programs P exhibiting all possible variable usage patterns within P. It proposes an effective realization of SPE for systematic, rigorous compiler testing by leveraging three important observations: (1) Programs with different variable usage patterns exhibit diverse control- and data-dependence information, and help exploit different compiler optimizations and stress-test compilers; (2) most real compiler bugs were revealed by small tests (i.e., small-sized P) --- this "small-scope" observation opens up SPE for practical compiler validation; and (3) SPE is exhaustive w.r.t. a given syntactic skeleton and variable set, and thus can offer a level of guarantee that is absent from all existing compiler testing techniques. #R##N#The key challenge of SPE is how to eliminate the enormous amount of equivalent programs w.r.t. $\alpha$-conversion. Our main technical contribution is a novel algorithm for computing the canonical (and smallest) set of all non-$\alpha$-equivalent programs. We have realized our SPE technique and evaluated it using syntactic skeletons derived from GCC's testsuite. Our evaluation results on testing GCC and Clang are extremely promising. In less than six months, our approach has led to 217 confirmed bug reports, 104 of which have already been fixed, and the majority are long latent bugs despite the extensive prior efforts of automatically testing both compilers (e.g., Csmith and EMI). The results also show that our algorithm for enumerating non-$\alpha$-equivalent programs provides six orders of magnitude reduction, enabling processing the GCC test-suite in under a month.

Includes members:
  Member "counting and generating terms in the binary lambda calculus extended version":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "position paper towards transparent machine learning")
  Member "counting and generating lambda terms":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "formula transformers and combinatorial test generators for propositional intuitionistic theorem provers")
  Member "on counting untyped lambda terms":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "quantitative aspects of linear and affine closed lambda terms")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.PL(Programming Languages)