human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "effect summaries for thread modular analysis"):
  Abstract: We propose a novel guess-and-check principle to increase the efficiency of thread-modular verification of lock-free data structures. We build on a heuristic that guesses candidates for stateless effect summaries of programs by searching the code for instances of a copy-and-check programming idiom common in lock-free data structures. These candidate summaries are used to compute the interference among threads in linear time. Since a candidate summary need not be a sound effect summary, we show how to fully automatically check whether the precision of candidate summaries is sufficient. We can thus perform sound verification despite relying on an unsound heuristic. We have implemented our approach and found it up to two orders of magnitude faster than existing ones.

Includes members:
  Member "pointer race freedom":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "pointer life cycle types for lock free data structures with memory reclamation")
  Member "a formally verified compiler back end":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "a survey on theorem provers in formal methods")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.PL(Programming Languages)