human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "federated learning with differential privacy algorithms and performance analysis"):
  Abstract: In this paper, to effectively prevent information leakage, we propose a novel framework based on the concept of differential privacy (DP), in which artificial noises are added to the parameters at the clients side before aggregating, namely, noising before model aggregation FL (NbAFL). First, we prove that the NbAFL can satisfy DP under distinct protection levels by properly adapting different variances of artificial noises. Then we develop a theoretical convergence bound of the loss function of the trained FL model in the NbAFL. Specifically, the theoretical bound reveals the following three key properties: 1) There is a tradeoff between the convergence performance and privacy protection levels, i.e., a better convergence performance leads to a lower protection level; 2) Given a fixed privacy protection level, increasing the number $N$ of overall clients participating in FL can improve the convergence performance; 3) There is an optimal number of maximum aggregation times (communication rounds) in terms of convergence performance for a given protection level. Furthermore, we propose a $K$-random scheduling strategy, where $K$ ($1<K<N$) clients are randomly selected from the $N$ overall clients to participate in each aggregation. We also develop the corresponding convergence bound of the loss function in this case and the $K$-random scheduling strategy can also retain the above three properties. Moreover, we find that there is an optimal $K$ that achieves the best convergence performance at a fixed privacy level. Evaluations demonstrate that our theoretical results are consistent with simulations, thereby facilitating the designs on various privacy-preserving FL algorithms with different tradeoff requirements on convergence performance and privacy levels.

Includes members:
  Member "on safeguarding privacy and security in the framework of federated learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "performance analysis and optimization in privacy preserving federated learning")
  Member "adaptive task allocation for asynchronous federated mobile edge learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)
  Member "deep learning for distributed optimization applications to wireless resource management":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "machine learning in the air")
  Member "in edge ai intelligentizing mobile edge computing caching and communication by federated learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "energy efficient federated edge learning with joint communication and computation design")
  Member "collecting and analyzing multidimensional data with local differential privacy":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "locally private distributed reinforcement learning")
  Member "the value of collaboration in convex machine learning with differential privacy":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "performance analysis and optimization in privacy preserving federated learning")
  Member "federated learning challenges methods and future directions":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "trends and advancements in deep neural network communication")
  Member "federated machine learning concept and applications":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "the future of digital health with federated learning")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)