human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "smt friendly formalization of the solidity memory model"):
  Abstract: Solidity is the dominant programming language for Ethereum smart contracts. This paper presents a high-level formalization of the Solidity language with a focus on the memory model. The presented formalization covers all features of the language related to managing state and memory. In addition, the formalization we provide is effective: all but few features can be encoded in the quantifier-free fragment of standard SMT theories. This enables precise and efficient reasoning about the state of smart contracts written in Solidity. The formalization is implemented in the solc-verify verifier and we provide an extensive set of tests that covers the breadth of the required semantics. We also provide an evaluation on the test set that validates the semantics and shows the novelty of the approach compared to other Solidity-level contract analysis tools.

Includes members:
  Member "a survey on ethereum systems security vulnerabilities attacks and defenses":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "smart contract development from the perspective of developers topics and issues discussed on social media")
  Member "a minimal core calculus for solidity contracts":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "a true concurrent model of smart contracts executions")
  Member "a semantic framework for the security analysis of ethereum smart contracts":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "ae gis shielding vulnerable smart contracts against attacks")
  Member "formal specification and verification of smart contracts for azure blockchain":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "formalising and verifying smart contracts with solidifier a bounded model checker for solidity")
  Member "executable operational semantics of solidity":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "verisolid correct by design smart contracts for ethereum")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.PL(Programming Languages)