human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "fine grained dataflow tracking with proximal gradients"):
  Abstract: Dataflow tracking with Dynamic Taint Analysis (DTA) is an important method in systems security with many applications, including exploit analysis, guided fuzzing, and side-channel information leak detection. However, DTA is fundamentally limited by the boolean nature of taint labels, which provide no information about the significance of detected dataflows and lead to false positives/negatives on complex real world programs. #R##N#We introduce proximal gradient analysis (PGA), a novel theoretically grounded approach that can track more accurate and fine-grained dataflow information than dynamic taint analysis. We observe that the gradients of neural networks precisely track dataflow and have been used widely for different data-flow-guided tasks like generating adversarial inputs and interpreting their decisions. However, programs, unlike neural networks, contain many discontinuous operations for which gradients cannot be computed. Our key insight is that we can efficiently approximate gradients over discontinuous operations by computing proximal gradients, a mathematically rigorous generalization of gradients for discontinuous functions. Proximal gradients allow us to apply the chain rule of calculus to accurately compose and propagate gradients over a program with minimal error. #R##N#We compare our prototype PGA implementation two state of the art DTA implementations, DataFlowSanitizer and libdft, on 7 real-world programs. Our results show that PGA can improve the F1 accuracy of data flow tracking by up to 33% over taint tracking without introducing any significant overhead (<5% on average). We further demonstrate the effectiveness of PGA by discovering 23 previously unknown security vulnerabilities and 2 side-channel leaks, and analyzing 9 existing CVEs in the tested programs.

Includes members:
  Member "neutaint efficient dynamic taint analysis with neural networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)
  Member "neuzz efficient fuzzing with neural program smoothing":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "privacy for all demystify vulnerability disparity of differential privacy against membership inference attack")
  Member "angora efficient fuzzing by principled search":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "meuzz smart seed scheduling for hybrid fuzzing")
  Member "deepxplore automated whitebox testing of deep learning systems":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "importance driven deep learning system testing")
  Member "learning important features through propagating activation differences":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "importance driven deep learning system testing")
  Member "analysis of boolean functions":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "coarse grained complexity for dynamic algorithms")
  Member "deep inside convolutional networks visualising image classification models and saliency maps":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "causal interpretability for machine learning problems methods and evaluation")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CR(Cryptography and Security)