human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "broken metre attacking resource metering in evm"):
  Abstract: Blockchain systems, such as Ethereum, use an approach called "metering" to assign a cost to smart contract execution, an approach which is designed to incentivise miners to operate the network and protect it against DoS attacks. In the past, the imperfections of Ethereum metering allowed several DoS attacks which were countered through modification of the metering mechanism.  This paper presents a new DoS attack on Ethereum which systematically exploits its metering mechanism. We first replay and analyse several months of transactions, during which we discover a number of discrepancies in the metering model, such as significant inconsistencies in the pricing of the instructions. We further demonstrate that there is very little correlation between the execution cost and the utilised resources, such as CPU and memory. Based on these observations, we present a new type of DoS attack we call Resource Exhaustion Attack, which uses these imperfections to generate low-throughput contracts. To do this, we design a genetic algorithm that generates contracts with a throughput on average 200 times slower than typical contracts. We then show that all major Ethereum client implementations are vulnerable and, if running on commodity hardware, would be unable to stay in sync with the network when under attack. We argue that such an attack could be financially attractive not only for Ethereum competitors and speculators, but also for Ethereum miners. Finally, we discuss short-term and potential long-term fixes against such attacks. Our attack has been responsibly disclosed to the Ethereum Foundation and awarded a bug bounty reward of 5,000 USD.

Includes members:
  Member "gastap a gas analyzer for smart contracts":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "step on the gas a better approach for recommending the ethereum gas price")
  Member "contractfuzzer fuzzing smart contracts for vulnerability detection":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "smart contract development from the perspective of developers topics and issues discussed on social media")
  Member "towards safer smart contracts a survey of languages and verification methods":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "an overview on smart contracts challenges advances and platforms")
  Member "vandal a scalable security analysis framework for smart contracts":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "an overview on smart contracts challenges advances and platforms")
  Member "securify practical security analysis of smart contracts":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "an overview on smart contracts challenges advances and platforms")
  Member "an adaptive gas cost mechanism for ethereum to defend against under priced dos attacks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "step on the gas a better approach for recommending the ethereum gas price")
  Member "chainspace a sharded smart contracts platform":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "surface a practical blockchain consensus algorithm for real world networks")
  Member "under optimized smart contracts devour your money":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "an overview on smart contracts challenges advances and platforms")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CR(Cryptography and Security)