human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "denotational semantics as a foundation for cost recurrence extraction for functional languages"):
  Abstract: A standard method for analyzing the asymptotic complexity of a program is to extract a recurrence that describes its cost in terms of the size of its input, and then to compute a closed-form upper bound on that recurrence. In practice there is rarely a formal argument that the recurrence is in fact an upper bound; indeed, there is usually no formal connection between the program and the recurrence at all. Here we develop a method for extracting recurrences from functional programs in a higher-order language with let-polymorphism that provably bound their operational cost. The method consists of two phases. In the first phase, a monadic translation is performed to extract a cost-annotated version of the original program. In the second phase, the extracted program is interpreted in a model. The key feature of this second phase is that different models describe different notions of size. This plays out specifically for values of inductive type, where different notions of size may be appropriate depending on the analysis, and for polymorphic functions, where we show that the notion of size for a polymorphic function can be described formally as the data that is common to the notions of size of its instances. We give several examples of different models that formally justify various informal extract-a-recurrence-and-solve cost analyses to show the applicability of our approach.

Includes members:
  Member "recurrence extraction for functional programs through call by push value":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)
  Member "towards automatic resource bound analysis for ocaml":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "session types with arithmetic refinements and their application to work analysis")
  Member "denotational cost semantics for functional languages with inductive types":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "exponential automatic amortized resource analysis")
  Member "a static cost analysis for a higher order language":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "recurrence extraction for functional programs through call by push value")
  Member "improvements for free":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)
  Member "adventures in time and space":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "recurrence extraction for functional programs through call by push value")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.PL(Programming Languages)