human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "across stack profiling and characterization of machine learning models on gpus"):
  Abstract: The world sees a proliferation of machine learning/deep learning (ML) models and their wide adoption in different application domains recently. This has made the profiling and characterization of ML models an increasingly pressing task for both hardware designers and system providers, as they would like to offer the best possible computing system to serve ML models with the desired latency, throughput, and energy requirements while maximizing resource utilization. Such an endeavor is challenging as the characteristics of an ML model depend on the interplay between the model, framework, system libraries, and the hardware (or the HW/SW stack). A thorough characterization requires understanding the behavior of the model execution across the HW/SW stack levels. Existing profiling tools are disjoint, however, and only focus on profiling within a particular level of the stack. This paper proposes a leveled profiling design that leverages existing profiling tools to perform across-stack profiling. The design does so in spite of the profiling overheads incurred from the profiling providers. We coupled the profiling capability with an automatic analysis pipeline to systematically characterize 65 state-of-the-art ML models. Through this characterization, we show that our across-stack profiling solution provides insights (which are difficult to discern otherwise) on the characteristics of ML models, ML frameworks, and GPU hardware.

Includes members:
  Member "a modular benchmarking infrastructure for high performance and reproducible deep learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "practice of streaming and dynamic graphs concepts models systems and parallelism")
  Member "performance modelling of deep learning on intel many integrated core architectures":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)
  Member "benchmarking tpu gpu and cpu platforms for deep learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "the deep learning compiler a comprehensive survey")
  Member "lstm benchmarks for deep learning frameworks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "tapirxla embedding fork join parallelism into the xla compiler in tensorflow using tapir")
  Member "frustrated with replicating claims of a shared model a solution":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "aibench an agile domain specific benchmarking methodology and an ai benchmark suite")
  Member "characterizing co located datacenter workloads an alibaba case study":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "in search of a fast and efficient serverless dag engine")
  Member "deep residual learning for image recognition":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "discrimination aware network pruning for deep model compression")
  Member "caffe convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "object detection in optical remote sensing images a survey and a new benchmark")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)