human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "characterizing deep learning training workloads on alibaba pai"):
  Abstract: Modern deep learning models have been exploited in various domains, including computer vision (CV), natural language processing (NLP), search and recommendation. In practical AI clusters, workloads training these models are run using software frameworks such as TensorFlow, Caffe, PyTorch and CNTK. One critical issue for efficiently operating practical AI clouds, is to characterize the computing and data transfer demands of these workloads, and more importantly, the training performance given the underlying software framework and hardware configurations. In this paper, we characterize deep learning training workloads from Platform of Artificial Intelligence (PAI) in Alibaba. We establish an analytical framework to investigate detailed execution time breakdown of various workloads using different training architectures, to identify performance bottleneck. Results show that weight/gradient communication during training takes almost 62% of the total execution time among all our workloads on average. The computation part, involving both GPU computing and memory access, are not the biggest bottleneck based on collective behavior of the workloads. We further evaluate attainable performance of the workloads on various potential software/hardware mappings, and explore implications on software architecture selection and hardware configurations. We identify that 60% of PS/Worker workloads can be potentially sped up when ported to the AllReduce architecture exploiting the high-speed NVLink for GPU interconnect, and on average 1.7X speedup can be achieved when Ethernet bandwidth is upgraded from 25 Gbps to 100 Gbps.

Includes members:
  Member "scalable deep learning on distributed infrastructures challenges techniques and tools":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "communication optimization strategies for distributed deep learning a survey")
  Member "data motif based proxy benchmarks for big data and ai workloads":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "benchcouncil s view on benchmarking ai and other emerging workloads")
  Member "graph convolutional neural networks for web scale recommender systems":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "a survey on the expressive power of graph neural networks")
  Member "communication scheduling as a first class citizen in distributed machine learning systems":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "communication optimization strategies for distributed deep learning a survey")
  Member "data motifs a lens towards fully understanding big data and ai workloads":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "aibench an agile domain specific benchmarking methodology and an ai benchmark suite")
  Member "bert pre training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "multi simlex a large scale evaluation of multilingual and cross lingual lexical semantic similarity")
  Member "fusionstitching deep fusion and code generation for tensorflow computations on gpus":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "the deep learning compiler a comprehensive survey")
  Member "predicting the computational cost of deep learning models":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.PF(Performance)