human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "divide and scale formalization of distributed ledger sharding protocols"):
  Abstract: Sharding distributed ledgers is the most promising on-chain solution for scaling blockchain technology. In this work, we define and analyze the properties a sharded distributed ledger should fulfill. More specifically we show that a sharded blockchain cannot be scalable under a fully adaptive adversary and that it can scale up to $n/\log n$ under an epoch-adaptive adversary. This is possible only if the distributed ledger employs a checkpoint process at the end of each epoch. Our model builds upon and extends the Bitcoin backbone protocol by defining consistency and scalability. Consistency encompasses the need for atomic execution of cross-shard transactions to preserve safety, whereas scalability encapsulates the speedup a sharded system can gain in comparison to a non-sharded system. Lastly, we analyze existing sharded blockchains and either show their correctness (OmniLedger, RapidChain) under our model, or pinpoint where they fail to balance the consistency and scalability requirements (Elastico, Monoxide).

Includes members:
  Member "replay attacks and defenses against cross shard consensus in sharded distributed ledgers":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)
  Member "consensus in the age of blockchains":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "hushrelay a privacy preserving efficient and scalable routing algorithm for off chain payments")
  Member "chainspace a sharded smart contracts platform":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "surface a practical blockchain consensus algorithm for real world networks")
  Member "practical synchronous byzantine consensus":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "on probabilistic byzantine fault tolerance")
  Member "enhancing bitcoin security and performance with strong consistency via collective signing":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "surface a practical blockchain consensus algorithm for real world networks")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing)