human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "denoising and verification cross layer ensemble against black box adversarial attacks"):
  Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated impressive performance on many challenging machine learning tasks. However, DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial inputs generated by adding maliciously crafted perturbations to the benign inputs. As a growing number of attacks have been reported to generate adversarial inputs of varying sophistication, the defense-attack arms race has been accelerated. In this paper, we present MODEF, a cross-layer model diversity ensemble framework. MODEF intelligently combines unsupervised model denoising ensemble with supervised model verification ensemble by quantifying model diversity, aiming to boost the robustness of the target model against adversarial examples. Evaluated using eleven representative attacks on popular benchmark datasets, we show that MODEF achieves remarkable defense success rates, compared with existing defense methods, and provides a superior capability of repairing adversarial inputs and making correct predictions with high accuracy in the presence of black-box attacks.

Includes members:
  Member "a comparative measurement study of deep learning as a service framework":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "demystifying learning rate polices for high accuracy training of deep neural networks")
  Member "characterizing adversarial subspaces using local intrinsic dimensionality":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "anomalous instance detection in deep learning a survey")
  Member "defense gan protecting classifiers against adversarial attacks using generative models":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "secure and robust machine learning for healthcare a survey")
  Member "adversarial examples in deep learning characterization and divergence":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "deep neural network ensembles against deception ensemble diversity accuracy and robustness")
  Member "combatting adversarial attacks through denoising and dimensionality reduction a cascaded autoencoder approach":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "ensemble noise simulation to handle uncertainty about gradient based adversarial attacks")
  Member "feature squeezing detecting adversarial examples in deep neural networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "secure and robust machine learning for healthcare a survey")
  Member "magnet a two pronged defense against adversarial examples":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "adversarial ranking attack and defense")
  Member "defense against adversarial attacks using high level representation guided denoiser":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "universal adversarial attack on attention and the resulting dataset damagenet")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)