human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "diffgrad an optimization method for convolutional neural networks"):
  Abstract: Stochastic Gradient Decent (SGD) is one of the core techniques behind the success of deep neural networks. The gradient provides information on the direction in which a function has the steepest rate of change. The main problem with basic SGD is to change by equal sized steps for all parameters, irrespective of gradient behavior. Hence, an efficient way of deep network optimization is to make adaptive step sizes for each parameter. Recently, several attempts have been made to improve gradient descent methods such as AdaGrad, AdaDelta, RMSProp and Adam. These methods rely on the square roots of exponential moving averages of squared past gradients. Thus, these methods do not take advantage of local change in gradients. In this paper, a novel optimizer is proposed based on the difference between the present and the immediate past gradient (i.e., diffGrad). In the proposed diffGrad optimization technique, the step size is adjusted for each parameter in such a way that it should have a larger step size for faster gradient changing parameters and a lower step size for lower gradient changing parameters. The convergence analysis is done using the regret bound approach of online learning framework. Rigorous analysis is made in this paper over three synthetic complex non-convex functions. The image categorization experiments are also conducted over the CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 datasets to observe the performance of diffGrad with respect to the state-of-the-art optimizers such as SGDM, AdaGrad, AdaDelta, RMSProp, AMSGrad, and Adam. The residual unit (ResNet) based Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) architecture is used in the experiments. The experiments show that diffGrad outperforms other optimizers. Also, we show that diffGrad performs uniformly well for training CNN using different activation functions. The source code is made publicly available at https://github.com/shivram1987/diffGrad.

Includes members:
  Member "spontaneous facial micro expression recognition using 3d spatiotemporal convolutional neural networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "extended local binary patterns for efficient and robust spontaneous facial micro expression recognition")
  Member "on the convergence of adam and beyond":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "disentangling adaptive gradient methods from learning rates")
  Member "predictive local smoothness for stochastic gradient methods":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)
  Member "path aggregation network for instance segmentation":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "object detection in optical remote sensing images a survey and a new benchmark")
  Member "signsgd compressed optimisation for non convex problems":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "communication optimization strategies for distributed deep learning a survey")
  Member "a performance evaluation of convolutional neural networks for face anti spoofing":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "deep spatial gradient and temporal depth learning for face anti spoofing")
  Member "nostalgic adam weighing more of the past gradients when designing the adaptive learning rate":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "a sufficient condition for convergences of adam and rmsprop")
  Member "gans trained by a two time scale update rule converge to a nash equilibrium":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "transformation based adversarial video prediction on large scale data")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)