human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "practical byte granular memory blacklisting using califorms"):
  Abstract: Recent rapid strides in memory safety tools and hardware have improved software quality and security. While coarse-grained memory safety has improved, achieving memory safety at the granularity of individual objects remains a challenge due to high performance overheads which can be between ~1.7x-2.2x. In this paper, we present a novel idea called Califorms, and associated program observations, to obtain a low overhead security solution for practical, byte-granular memory safety. #R##N#The idea we build on is called memory blacklisting, which prohibits a program from accessing certain memory regions based on program semantics. State of the art hardware-supported memory blacklisting while much faster than software blacklisting creates memory fragmentation (of the order of few bytes) for each use of the blacklisted location. In this paper, we observe that metadata used for blacklisting can be stored in dead spaces in a program's data memory and that this metadata can be integrated into microarchitecture by changing the cache line format. Using these observations, Califorms based system proposed in this paper reduces the performance overheads of memory safety to ~1.02x-1.16x while providing byte-granular protection and maintaining very low hardware overheads. #R##N#The low overhead offered by Califorms enables always on, memory safety for small and large objects alike, and the fundamental idea of storing metadata in empty spaces, and microarchitecture can be used for other security and performance applications.

Includes members:
  Member "sok sanitizing for security":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "binary level directed fuzzing for use after free vulnerabilities")
  Member "spectre attacks exploiting speculative execution":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "towards probabilistic verification of machine unlearning")
  Member "memory tagging and how it improves c c memory safety":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "ptauth temporal memory safety via robust points to authentication")
  Member "effectivesan type and memory error detection using dynamically typed c c":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "dangkiller eliminating dangling pointers efficiently via implicit identifier")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CR(Cryptography and Security)