human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "txsim modeling training of deep neural networks on resistive crossbar systems"):
  Abstract: Resistive crossbars have attracted significant interest in the design of Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators due to their ability to natively execute massively parallel vector-matrix multiplications within dense memory arrays. However, crossbar-based computations face a major challenge due to a variety of device and circuit-level non-idealities, which manifest as errors in the vector-matrix multiplications and eventually degrade DNN accuracy. To address this challenge, there is a need for tools that can model the functional impact of non-idealities on DNN training and inference. Existing efforts towards this goal are either limited to inference, or are too slow to be used for large-scale DNN training. We propose TxSim, a fast and customizable modeling framework to functionally evaluate DNN training on crossbar-based hardware considering the impact of non-idealities. The key features of TxSim that differentiate it from prior efforts are: (i) It comprehensively models non-idealities during all training operations (forward propagation, backward propagation, and weight update) and (ii) it achieves computational efficiency by mapping crossbar evaluations to well-optimized BLAS routines and incorporates speedup techniques to further reduce simulation time with minimal impact on accuracy. TxSim achieves orders-of-magnitude improvement in simulation speed over prior works, and thereby makes it feasible to evaluate training of large-scale DNNs on crossbars. Our experiments using TxSim reveal that the accuracy degradation in DNN training due to non-idealities can be substantial (3%-10%) for large-scale DNNs, underscoring the need for further research in mitigation techniques. We also analyze the impact of various device and circuit-level parameters and the associated non-idealities to provide key insights that can guide the design of crossbar-based DNN training accelerators.

Includes members:
  Member "training large scale anns on simulated resistive crossbar arrays":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "zero shifting technique for deep neural network training on resistive cross point arrays")
  Member "rxnn a framework for evaluating deep neural networks on resistive crossbars":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "noisy machines understanding noisy neural networks and enhancing robustness to analog hardware errors using distillation")
  Member "technology aware training in memristive neuromorphic systems for nonideal synaptic crossbars":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "deep learning in memristive nanowire networks")
  Member "in datacenter performance analysis of a tensor processing unit":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "train large then compress rethinking model size for efficient training and inference of transformers")
  Member "analog cmos based resistive processing unit for deep neural network training":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "mixed precision deep learning based on computational memory")
  Member "a survey of neuromorphic computing and neural networks in hardware":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "a supervised learning algorithm for multilayer spiking neural networks based on temporal coding toward energy efficient vlsi processor design")
  Member "training deep convolutional neural networks with resistive cross point devices":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "mixed precision deep learning based on computational memory")
  Member "deep learning with limited numerical precision":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "sparse weight activation training")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)