human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "tifl a tier based federated learning system"):
  Abstract: Federated Learning (FL) enables learning a shared model across many clients without violating the privacy requirements. One of the key attributes in FL is the heterogeneity that exists in both resource and data due to the differences in computation and communication capacity, as well as the quantity and content of data among different clients. We conduct a case study to show that heterogeneity in resource and data has a significant impact on training time and model accuracy in conventional FL systems. To this end, we propose TiFL, a Tier-based Federated Learning System, which divides clients into tiers based on their training performance and selects clients from the same tier in each training round to mitigate the straggler problem caused by heterogeneity in resource and data quantity. To further tame the heterogeneity caused by non-IID (Independent and Identical Distribution) data and resources, TiFL employs an adaptive tier selection approach to update the tiering on-the-fly based on the observed training performance and accuracy overtime. We prototype TiFL in a FL testbed following Google's FL architecture and evaluate it using popular benchmarks and the state-of-the-art FL benchmark LEAF. Experimental evaluation shows that TiFL outperforms the conventional FL in various heterogeneous conditions. With the proposed adaptive tier selection policy, we demonstrate that TiFL achieves much faster training performance while keeping the same (and in some cases - better) test accuracy across the board.

Includes members:
  Member "advances and open problems in federated learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "trends and advancements in deep neural network communication")
  Member "robust federated learning in a heterogeneous environment":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "fedpaq a communication efficient federated learning method with periodic averaging and quantization")
  Member "towards federated learning at scale system design":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "do we really need to access the source data source hypothesis transfer for unsupervised domain adaptation")
  Member "federated learning challenges methods and future directions":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "trends and advancements in deep neural network communication")
  Member "client edge cloud hierarchical federated learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "turbo aggregate breaking the quadratic aggregation barrier in secure federated learning")
  Member "federated machine learning concept and applications":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "the future of digital health with federated learning")
  Member "edge assisted hierarchical federated learning with non iid data":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "turbo aggregate breaking the quadratic aggregation barrier in secure federated learning")
  Member "client selection for federated learning with heterogeneous resources in mobile edge":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "energy efficient federated edge learning with joint communication and computation design")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)