human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "privacy for all demystify vulnerability disparity of differential privacy against membership inference attack"):
  Abstract: Machine learning algorithms, when applied to sensitive data, pose a potential threat to privacy. A growing body of prior work has demonstrated that membership inference attack (MIA) can disclose specific private information in the training data to an attacker. Meanwhile, the algorithmic fairness of machine learning has increasingly caught attention from both academia and industry. Algorithmic fairness ensures that the machine learning models do not discriminate a particular demographic group of individuals (e.g., black and female people). Given that MIA is indeed a learning model, it raises a serious concern if MIA ``fairly'' treats all groups of individuals equally. In other words, whether a particular group is more vulnerable against MIA than the other groups. This paper examines the algorithmic fairness issue in the context of MIA and its defenses. First, for fairness evaluation, it formalizes the notation of vulnerability disparity (VD) to quantify the difference of MIA treatment on different demographic groups. Second, it evaluates VD on four real-world datasets, and shows that VD indeed exists in these datasets. Third, it examines the impacts of differential privacy, as a defense mechanism of MIA, on VD. The results show that although DP brings significant change on VD, it cannot eliminate VD completely. Therefore, fourth, it designs a new mitigation algorithm named FAIRPICK to reduce VD. An extensive set of experimental results demonstrate that FAIRPICK can effectively reduce VD for both with and without the DP deployment.

Includes members:
  Member "memguard defending against black box membership inference attacks via adversarial examples":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "dynamic backdoor attacks against machine learning models")
  Member "evaluating differentially private machine learning in practice":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "encode shuffle analyze privacy revisited formalizations and empirical evaluation")
  Member "exploiting unintended feature leakage in collaborative learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "on the convergence of artificial intelligence and distributed ledger technology a scoping review and future research agenda")
  Member "gids gan based intrusion detection system for in vehicle network":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      (none)
  Member "the natural auditor how to tell if someone used your words to train their model":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "dynamic backdoor attacks against machine learning models")
  Member "counterfactual fairness in text classification through robustness":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "multilingual twitter corpus and baselines for evaluating demographic bias in hate speech recognition")
  Member "ml leaks model and data independent membership inference attacks and defenses on machine learning models":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "dynamic backdoor attacks against machine learning models")
  Member "understanding membership inferences on well generalized learning models":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "dynamic backdoor attacks against machine learning models")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CR(Cryptography and Security)