human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "ltp a new active learning strategy for bert crf based named entity recognition"):
  Abstract: In recent years, deep learning has achieved great success in many natural language processing tasks including named entity recognition. The shortcoming is that a large amount of manually-annotated data is usually required. Previous studies have demonstrated that both transfer learning and active learning could elaborately reduce the cost of data annotation in terms of their corresponding advantages, but there is still plenty of room for improvement. We assume that the convergence of the two methods can complement with each other, so that the model could be trained more accurately with less labelled data, and active learning method could enhance transfer learning method to accurately select the minimum data samples for iterative learning. However, in real applications we found this approach is challenging because the sample selection of traditional active learning strategy merely depends on the final probability value of its model output, and this makes it quite difficult to evaluate the quality of the selected data samples. In this paper, we first examine traditional active learning strategies in a specific case of BERT-CRF that has been widely used in named entity recognition. Then we propose an uncertainty-based active learning strategy called Lowest Token Probability (LTP) which considers not only the final output but also the intermediate results. We test LTP on multiple datasets, and the experiments show that LTP performs better than traditional strategies (incluing LC and NLC) on both token-level $F_1$ and sentence-level accuracy, especially in complex imbalanced datasets.

Includes members:
  Member "deep contextualized word representations":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "multi simlex a large scale evaluation of multilingual and cross lingual lexical semantic similarity")
  Member "bert pre training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "multi simlex a large scale evaluation of multilingual and cross lingual lexical semantic similarity")
  Member "deep active learning for named entity recognition":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "hybrid neural tagging model for open relation extraction")
  Member "fast and accurate entity recognition with iterated dilated convolutions":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "dense dilated convolutions merging network for land cover classification")
  Member "neural architectures for named entity recognition":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "knowledge graphs")
  Member "bidirectional lstm crf models for sequence tagging":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "dense dilated convolutions merging network for land cover classification")
  Member "named entity recognition with bidirectional lstm cnns":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "monotonic cardinality estimation of similarity selection a deep learning approach")
  Member "the power of localization for efficiently learning linear separators with noise":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "efficient active learning of sparse halfspaces with arbitrary bounded noise")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.CL(Computation and Language)