human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "scaling back propagation by parallel scan algorithm"):
  Abstract: In an era when the performance of a single compute device plateaus, software must be designed to scale on a massively parallel system for better runtime performance. However, the commonly used back-propagation (BP) algorithm imposes a strong sequential dependency in the process of gradient computation. Under model parallelism, BP has a theoretical step complexity of $\Theta (n)$ which hinders its scalability in a parallel computing environment, where $n$ represents the number of compute devices into which a model is partitioned. In this work, we restructure such dependency and reformulate BP into a scan operation which is scaled by our modified version of the Blelloch scan algorithm. Our algorithm is able to achieve a theoretical step complexity of $\Theta (\log n)$. We perform an in-depth performance analysis and identify the challenges of deploying our algorithm in a practical setting, along with a variety of approaches to tackle such challenges. We demonstrate the scalability benefits of our algorithm in the use case of retraining pruned networks.

Includes members:
  Member "gpipe efficient training of giant neural networks using pipeline parallelism":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "a large scale study of representation learning with the visual task adaptation benchmark")
  Member "tbd benchmarking and analyzing deep neural network training":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "aibench an agile domain specific benchmarking methodology and an ai benchmark suite")
  Member "channel pruning for accelerating very deep neural networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "discrimination aware network pruning for deep model compression")
  Member "virtualizing deep neural networks for memory efficient neural network design":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "auto precision scaling for distributed deep learning")
  Member "identity mappings in deep residual networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "overfitting in adversarially robust deep learning")
  Member "densely connected convolutional networks":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "lossless compression of deep neural networks")
  Member "vdnn virtualized deep neural networks for scalable memory efficient neural network design":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "an empirical evaluation of perturbation based defenses")
  Member "compression of neural machine translation models via pruning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "train large then compress rethinking model size for efficient training and inference of transformers")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)