human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "dynamic pricing for controlling age of information"):
  Abstract: Fueled by the rapid development of communication networks and sensors in portable devices, today many mobile users are invited by content providers to sense and send back real-time useful information (e.g., traffic observations and sensor data) to keep the freshness of the providers' content updates. However, due to the sampling cost in sensing and transmission, an individual may not have the incentive to contribute the real-time information to help a content provider reduce the age of information (AoI). Accordingly, we propose dynamic pricing for the provider to offer age-dependent monetary returns and encourage users to sample information at different rates over time. This dynamic pricing design problem needs to balance the monetary payments to users and the AoI evolution over time, and is challenging to solve especially under the incomplete information about users' arrivals and their private sampling costs. For analysis tractability, we linearize the nonlinear AoI evolution in the constrained dynamic programming problem, by approximating the dynamic AoI reduction as a time-average term and solving the approximate dynamic pricing in closed-form. Then, we estimate this approximate term based on Brouwer's fixed-point theorem. Finally, we provide the steady-state analysis of the optimized approximate dynamic pricing scheme for an infinite time horizon, and show that the pricing scheme can be further simplified to an e-optimal version without recursive computing over time.

Includes members:
  Member "economics of age of information management under network externalities":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "age of information for multicast transmission with fixed and random deadlines in iot systems")
  Member "how to price fresh data":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "timely cloud computing preemption and waiting")
  Member "update or wait how to keep your data fresh":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "who should google scholar update more often")
  Member "motivating smartphone collaboration in data acquisition and distributed computing":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "a crowdsourcing framework for on device federated learning")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.IT(Information Theory)