human: Given a hyperedge-centered hypergraph: <hypergraph>, where the center hyperedge is induced by one source paper and its member nodes are the cited papers.

Details of the hypergraph:
Center hyperedge (induced by source paper "the non iid data quagmire of decentralized machine learning"):
  Abstract: Many large-scale machine learning (ML) applications need to train ML models over decentralized datasets that are generated at different devices and locations. These decentralized datasets pose a fundamental challenge to ML because they are typically generated in very different contexts, which leads to significant differences in data distribution across devices/locations (i.e., they are not independent and identically distributed (IID)). In this work, we take a step toward better understanding this challenge, by presenting the first detailed experimental study of the impact of such non-IID data on the decentralized training of deep neural networks (DNNs). Our study shows that: (i) the problem of non-IID data partitions is fundamental and pervasive, as it exists in all ML applications, DNN models, training datasets, and decentralized learning algorithms in our study; (ii) this problem is particularly difficult for DNN models with batch normalization layers; and (iii) the degree of deviation from IID (the skewness) is a key determinant of the difficulty level of the problem. With these findings in mind, we present SkewScout, a system-level approach that adapts the communication frequency of decentralized learning algorithms to the (skew-induced) accuracy loss between data partitions. We also show that group normalization can recover much of the skew-induced accuracy loss of batch normalization.

Includes members:
  Member "group normalization":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-1 (induced by source paper "on feature normalization and data augmentation")
  Member "understanding batch normalization":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-2 (induced by source paper "on feature normalization and data augmentation")
  Member "federated learning with non iid data":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-3 (induced by source paper "trends and advancements in deep neural network communication")
  Member "deep gradient compression reducing the communication bandwidth for distributed training":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-4 (induced by source paper "sparse weight activation training")
  Member "batch renormalization towards reducing minibatch dependence in batch normalized models":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-5 (induced by source paper "rethinking batch normalization in transformers")
  Member "accurate large minibatch sgd training imagenet in 1 hour":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-6 (induced by source paper "learning representations by predicting bags of visual words")
  Member "federated multi task learning":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-7 (induced by source paper "think locally act globally federated learning with local and global representations")
  Member "communication efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data":
    also connected through other hyperedges:
      - Hyperedge HE-8 (induced by source paper "secure and robust machine learning for healthcare a survey")

Question: Please tell me which class the source paper belongs to. The 40 classes are: cs.NA(Numerical Analysis), cs.MM(Multimedia), cs.LO(Logic in Computer Science), cs.CY(Computers and Society), cs.CR(Cryptography and Security), cs.DC(Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing), cs.HC(Human-Computer Interaction), cs.CE(Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science), cs.NI(Networking and Internet Architecture), cs.CC(Computational Complexity), cs.AI(Artificial Intelligence), cs.MA(Multiagent Systems), cs.GL(General Literature), cs.NE(Neural and Evolutionary Computing), cs.SC(Symbolic Computation), cs.AR(Hardware Architecture), cs.CV(Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition), cs.GR(Graphics), cs.ET(Emerging Technologies), cs.SY(Systems and Control), cs.CG(Computational Geometry), cs.OH(Other Computer Science), cs.PL(Programming Languages), cs.SE(Software Engineering), cs.LG(Machine Learning), cs.SD(Sound), cs.SI(Social and Information Networks), cs.RO(Robotics), cs.IT(Information Theory), cs.PF(Performance), cs.CL(Computation and Language), cs.IR(Information Retrieval), cs.MS(Mathematical Software), cs.FL(Formal Languages and Automata Theory), cs.DS(Data Structures and Algorithms), cs.OS(Operating Systems), cs.GT(Computer Science and Game Theory), cs.DB(Databases), cs.DL(Digital Libraries), cs.DM(Discrete Mathematics). Directly output the class name.

gpt: cs.LG(Machine Learning)