Title 46—Shipping--Volume 1
PART 112—EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND POWER SYSTEMS
§ 112.01-1   Purpose.
The purpose of this subpart is to define types of emergency lighting and power systems.
§ 112.01-5   Manual emergency lighting and power system.
A manual emergency lighting and power system is one in which a single manual operation, such as the manual operation of a switch from an “off” to an “on” position, is necessary to cause the emergency power source to supply power to the emergency loads.
§ 112.01-10   Automatic emergency lighting and power system.
An automatic emergency lighting and power system is one in which a reduction in potential from the ship's service power and lighting plant causes the emergency power source to supply power to the emergency loads.
§ 112.01-15   Temporary emergency power source.
A temporary emergency power source is one of limited capacity that carries, for a short time, selected emergency loads while an emergency power source of larger capacity is being started.
§ 112.01-20   Final emergency power source.
A final emergency power source is one that automatically supplies power to the emergency loads under § 112.15-5 and automatically transfers the temporary emergency loads under § 112.15-1 when the potential of the final emergency source reaches 85 to 95% of normal value.
§ 112.05-1   Purpose; preemptive effect.
(a) The purpose of this part is to ensure a dependable, independent, and dedicated emergency power source with sufficient capacity to supply those services that are necessary for the safety of the passengers, crew, and other persons in an emergency and those additional loads that may be authorized under paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) No load may be powered from an emergency power source, except:
(1) A load required by this part to be powered from the emergency power source;
(2) A bus-tie to the main switchboard that meets § 112.05-3; and
(3) Emergency loads that may be necessary to maintain or restore the propulsion plant, such as control systems, controllable pitch propellers, hydraulic pumps, control air compressors, and machinery necessary for dead-ship start-up.
(c) Other loads may be authorized by the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center (MSC), to be connected to the emergency source of power to provide an increased level of safety in recognition of a unique vessel mission or configuration. When these loads are authorized, the emergency power source must—
(1) Be sized to supply these loads using a unity (1.0) service factor; or
(2) Be provided with automatic load shedding that removes these loads and operates before the emergency generator trips due to overload. The automatic load shedding circuit breakers must be manually reset.
(d) The regulations in this part have preemptive effect over State or local regulations in the same field.
§ 112.05-3   Main-emergency bus-tie.
Each bus-tie between a main switchboard and an emergency switchboard must:
(a) Disconnect automatically upon loss of potential at the emergency switchboard;
(b) Be arranged to prevent parallel operation of an emergency power source with any other source of electric power, except for interlock systems for momentary transfer of loads; and
(c) If arranged for feedback operation, open automatically upon overload of the emergency power source before the emergency power source is tripped off the line from the overload.
§ 112.05-5   Emergency power source.
(a) The emergency power source must meet Table 1 to 112.05-5 and have the capacity to supply all loads, at a unity (1.0) service factor, that are simultaneously connected to it, except a load on a bus-tie to the main switchboard or non-required loads that are connected in accordance with § 112.05-1(c).
Table 1 to § 112.05-5(a)
1 A 12-hour power supply may be especially considered for vessels engaged regularly in voyages of short duration.
2 The capacity for the operation of the steering gear, as required by § 58.25-65, is for a period of 30 minutes continuous operation.
3 The emergency lighting requirements of § 112.15-1 (b), (c), (f), and (g) must be met.
4 Requirements of Subpart 112.39 must be met by the relay-controlled, battery-operated lanterns.
(b) The emergency power source must be independent of the ship's service lighting and powerplant and propulsion plant, except for the compressed air starting means allowed in § 112.50-7(c)(3)(i). A stop control for an emergency generator must be only in the space that has the emergency generator, except a remote mechanical reach rod is permitted for the fuel oil shut-off valve to an independent fuel oil tank located in the space.
(c) The complete emergency installation must function at full rated power when the vessel is upright or inclined to the maximum angle of heel that results from the assumed damage defined in 33 CFR part 155 or in subchapter S of this chapter for the specific vessel type or 22.5 degrees, whichever is greater; when the trim of the ship is 10 degrees, either in the fore or aft direction, or is in any combination of angles within those limits.
(d) The emergency power source, its associated transforming equipment, and the emergency switchboard must be located aft of the collision bulkhead, outside of the machinery casing, and above the uppermost continuous deck. Each compartment containing this equipment must be readily accessible from the open deck and must not contain machinery not associated with, or equipment not in support of, the normal operation of the emergency power source. Equipment in support of the normal operation of the emergency power source includes, but is not limited to, ventilation fans, CO 2 bottles, space heaters, and internal communication devices, such as sound powered phones.
(e) No compartment that has an emergency power source or its vital components may adjoin a Category A machinery space or those spaces containing the main source of electrical power and its vital components.
(f) Except for a cable for connecting equipment in the engineroom or boilerroom, no cable supplied from the emergency switchboard may penetrate the boundaries of the engineroom, boilerroom, uptakes, or casings of these spaces. These cables must be kept clear of the bulkheads and decks forming these boundaries. No emergency circuit in an engineroom or a boilerroom may supply equipment in any other space.
(g) The emergency switchboard must be as near as practicable to the emergency power source but not in the same space as a battery emergency power source.
(h) If the emergency power source is a generator, the emergency switchboard must be in the same space as the emergency power source.
(i) The prime mover of an emergency generator must be either a diesel engine or a gas turbine.
§ 112.05-7   Use of emergency generator in port.
The emergency generator may be used during lay time in port for supplying power to the vessels, provided the following:
(a) The fuel oil tank for the emergency generator prime mover must be appropriately sized and provided with a level alarm, which is to be set to alarm at a level where there is sufficient fuel oil capacity for the emergency services for the period of time required by § 112.05-5(a).
(b) The emergency generator prime mover is to be rated for continuous service.
(c) The prime mover is to be fitted with alarms, displays and automatic shutdown arrangements that meet ABS Marine Vessel Rules (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1 of this subchapter), section 4-8-2/5.19 Table 2, except that for fuel oil tank low-level alarm, in paragraph (a) of this section is to apply instead. The displays and alarms are to be provided in the centralized control station. Monitoring at the engineers' quarters must meet ABS Marine Vessel Rules, section 4-9-6/19.
(d) The emergency generator room is to be fitted with fire detectors. Where the emergency generator is located in a space separated from the emergency switchboard, fire detectors are to be located in each space. The fire detection and alarm system must meet the requirements of subpart 113.10 of this subchapter.
(e) The power supply circuits, including control and monitoring circuits, for the use of an emergency generator in port are to be so arranged and protected that any electrical fault, except for the emergency generator and the emergency switchboard, will not affect the operation of the main and emergency services.
(f) Means are to be provided to readily change over to emergency operation.
(g) The generator is to be safeguarded against overload by automatically shedding such other loads so that the supply to the required emergency loads is always available.
(h) Operational instructions such as that on the fuel oil tank level, harbor/seagoing mode changeover arrangements, etc. are to be provided on board. Before the vessel is under way, all valves, switches, etc., are to be in the positions for the intended mode of operation of the emergency generator and the emergency switchboard. Such instructions are to be distinctly posted at the emergency generator room. Planned maintenance is to be carried out only while in port.
§ 112.15-1   Temporary emergency loads.
On vessels required by § 112.05-5(a) to have a temporary emergency power source, the following emergency lighting and power loads must be arranged so that they can be energized from the temporary emergency power source:
(a) Navigation lights.
(b) Enough lights throughout machinery spaces to allow essential operations and observations under emergency conditions and to allow restoration of service.
(c) Lighting, including low location lighting if installed, for passageways, stairways, and escape trunks in passenger quarters, crew quarters, public spaces, machinery spaces, damage control lockers, emergency equipment lockers, and work spaces sufficient to allow passengers and crew to find their way to open decks and to survival craft, muster stations, and embarkation stations with all watertight doors and fire doors closed.
(d) Illuminated signs with the word “EXIT” in red letters throughout a passenger vessel so the direction of escape to the open deck is obvious from any portion of the vessel usually accessible to the passengers or crew, except machinery spaces, and except stores and similar spaces where the crew are not normally employed. There must be sufficient signs so that the direction of escape is obvious, with all fire doors in stairway enclosures and main vertical zone bulkheads closed and all watertight doors closed. For the purpose of this paragraph, an individual stateroom or other similar small room is not required to have a sign, but the direction of escape must be obvious to a person emerging from the room.
(e) Illumination to allow safe operation of each power operated watertight door.
(f) At least one light in each space where a person may be maintaining, repairing, or operating equipment, stowing or drawing stores or equipment, or transiting, such as public spaces, work spaces, machinery spaces, workshops, galleys, emergency fire pumprooms, bow thruster rooms, storage areas for paint, rope, and other stores, underdeck passageways in cargo areas, steering gear rooms, windlass rooms, normally accessible duct keels with valve operators, cargo handling rooms, and holds of roll-on/roll-off vessels.
(g) Lighting for survival craft launching, including muster stations, embarkation stations, the survival craft, its launching appliances and the area of the water where it is to be launched.
(h) Electric communication systems that are necessary under temporary emergency conditions and that do not have an independent storage battery source of power.
(i) Each power operated watertight door system.
(j) All shipwide communications systems necessary for the transmittal of information during an emergency.
(k) Each fire door holding and release system.
(l) Supply to motor generator or other conversion equipment if a temporary emergency power source of alternating current is necessary for essential communication systems or emergency equipment.
(m) Each daylight signaling light.
(n) Each smoke detector system.
(o) Each electrically controlled or powered ship's whistle.
(p) Each fire detection system; and gas detection system if installed.
(q) All lighting relative to helicopter operations and landing if installed, unless provided for by another source of power (such as independent batteries separately charged by solar cells).
(r) Each general emergency alarm system required by IMO SOLAS 74 (incorporated by reference; see § 110.10-1 of this subchapter).
(s) Engineer's assistance-needed alarm.
§ 112.15-5   Final emergency loads.
On vessels required to have a final emergency power source by § 112.05-5(a) of this chapter, the following emergency lighting and power loads must be arranged so that they can be energized from the final emergency power source:
(a) Each load under § 112.15-1.
(b) The machinery, controls, and alarms for each passenger elevator.
(c) Each charging panel for:
(1) Temporary emergency batteries;
(2) Starting batteries for diesel engines or gas turbines that drive emergency generators; and
(3) General alarm batteries.
(d) One of the bilge pumps, if the emergency power source is its source of power to meet Part 56 of this chapter.
(e) One of the fire pumps, if the emergency power source is its source of power to meet the requirements of the subchapter under which the vessel is certificated.
(f) Each sprinkler system, water spray extinguishing system, or foam system pump.
(g) If necessary, the lube oil pump for each propulsion turbine and reduction gear, propulsion diesel reduction gear, and ship's service generator turbine which needs external lubrication.
(h) Each rudder angle indicator.
(i) Each radio or global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) component.
(j) Each radio direction finder, radar, gyrocompass, depth sounder, global positioning system (GPS), satellite navigation system (SATNAV), speed log, rate-of-turn indicator and propeller pitch indicator.
(k) Each steering gear feeder, if required by part 58, subpart 58.25, of this chapter.
(l) Each general emergency alarm flashing light required by § 113.25-10 of this chapter.
(m) Each electric blow-out-preventer control system.
(n) Any permanently installed diving equipment that is dependent upon the vessel's or drilling unit's power.
(o) Each emergency generator starting compressor, as allowed by § 112.50-7(c)(3)(ii).
(p) Each steering gear failure alarm required by part 113, subpart 113.43, of this chapter.
(q) The ballast control system on each column-stabilized mobile offshore drilling unit.
(r) Each vital system automation load required by part 62 of this chapter.
(s) Motor-operated valves for each cargo oil and fuel oil system, if the emergency power source is the source of power to meet § 56.60(d) of this chapter.
(t) Each ship's stabilizer wing, unless a separate source of emergency power is supplied.
(u) Each indicator that shows the position of the stabilizer wings, if the emergency power source is its emergency source of power.
(v) Each smoke extraction fan, not including smoke detector sampling, and carbon dioxide or clean agent exhaust fans for spaces.
§ 112.15-10   Loads on systems without a temporary emergency power source.
If there is no temporary emergency power source, the loads under § 112.15-1 must be arranged so that they can be energized from the final emergency power source.
§ 112.20-1   General.
This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having both a temporary and a final emergency power source.
§ 112.20-3   Normal source for emergency loads.
(a) The normal source for emergency loads must be the ship's service generating plant.
(b) The power from the ship's service generating plant for the emergency loads must be supplied to the emergency switchboard through automatic transfer switches.
§ 112.20-5   Failure of power from the normal source or final emergency power source.
(a) If there is a reduction of potential of the normal source by 15 to 40 percent, the loads under § 112.15-1 must be automatically supplied from the temporary emergency power source.
(b) For systems in which a reduction of frequency of the normal source or final emergency power source adversely affects the emergency system and emergency loads, there must be means to transfer the loads under § 112.15-1 to the temporary emergency power source upon a reduction in the frequency of the normal source or final emergency power source.
§ 112.20-10   Diesel or gas turbine driven emergency power source.
Simultaneously with the operation of the transfer means under § 112.20-5, the diesel engine or gas turbine driving the final emergency power source must start automatically with no load on the final emergency power source.
§ 112.20-15   Transfer of emergency loads.
(a) When the potential of the final emergency power source reaches 85 to 95 percent of normal value, the emergency loads under § 112.15-5 must transfer automatically to the final emergency power source and, on a passenger vessel, this transfer must be accomplished in no more than 45 seconds after failure of the normal source of power.
(b) When the potential from the normal source has been restored, the emergency loads must be manually or automatically transferred to the normal source, and the final emergency power source must be manually or automatically stopped.
(c) If the potential of the final emergency power source is less than 75 to 85 percent of normal value while supplying the emergency loads, the temporary emergency loads under § 112.15-1 must transfer automatically to the temporary emergency power source.
§ 112.25-1   General.
This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having an automatic starting diesel engine or gas turbine driven emergency power source as the sole emergency power source.
§ 112.25-3   Normal source for emergency loads.
(a) The normal source for emergency loads must be the ship's service generating plant.
(b) The power from the ship's service generating plant for the emergency loads must be supplied to the emergency switchboard by an automatic transfer switch located at the emergency switchboard.
§ 112.25-5   Failure of power from the normal source.
If there is a reduction of potential of the normal source by 15 to 40 percent, the diesel engine or gas turbine driving the final emergency power source must start automatically with no load on the emergency power source.
§ 112.25-10   Transfer of emergency loads.
(a) When the potential of the final emergency source reaches 85 to 95 percent of normal value, the emergency loads under § 112.15-5 must transfer automatically to the final emergency power source and this transfer must be accomplished in no more than 45 seconds after failure of the normal source of power.
(b) When the potential from the normal source has been restored, the emergency loads must be manually or automatically transferred to the normal source, and the final emergency power source must be manually or automatically stopped.
§ 112.30-1   General.
This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having an automatically connected storage battery as the sole emergency power source.
§ 112.30-3   Normal source for emergency loads.
(a) The normal source for emergency loads must be the ship's service generating plant.
(b) The power from the ship's service generating plant for the emergency loads must be supplied to the emergency loads through automatic transfer switches.
§ 112.30-5   Transfer of emergency loads.
If there is a reduction of potential of the normal source by 15 to 40 percent, the emergency loads under § 112.15-5 must transfer automatically from the normal source to the emergency power source.
§ 112.30-10   Restoration of normal source potential.
When the potential from the normal source is restored to 85 to 95 percent of its normal value, the emergency loads must transfer automatically to the normal source.
§ 112.35-1   General.
This subpart contains requirements applicable to emergency power installations having a manually controlled storage battery, diesel engine, or gas turbine driven generator as the sole emergency power source.
§ 112.35-3   Normal source for emergency loads.
The normal source for emergency loads must be the ship's service generating plant.
§ 112.35-5   Manually started emergency systems.
Manually started emergency lighting and power systems must be activated by one manual operation, such as the manual operation of a switch from an “off” to an “on” position, to cause the emergency system to supply its connected loads.
§ 112.35-7   Activating means.
The activating means must be in the navigating bridge or in a location where the means can be controlled by the chief engineer.
§ 112.37-1   General.
Each temporary source of emergency power required by Table 112.05-5(a) must consist of a storage battery of sufficient capacity to supply the temporary emergency loads for not less than one-half hour.
§ 112.39-1   General.
(a) Each battery-operated, relay-controlled lantern used in accordance with Table 112.05-5(a) must:
(1) Have rechargeable batteries;
(2) Have an automatic battery charger that maintains the battery in a fully charged condition; and
(3) Not be readily portable.
§ 112.39-3   Operation.
(a) The lanterns must be capable of providing light for at least 3 hours.
(b) The lantern must be relay-controlled so that the loss of normal power causes the lanterns to light.
§ 112.40-1   General requirements.
Installations requiring alternating current for the operation of communication equipment or other apparatus essential under temporary emergency conditions must be provided with the necessary conversion equipment. If the conversion equipment operates both under normal conditions and under temporary emergency conditions, the conversion equipment must be provided in duplicate.
§ 112.43-1   Switches.
An emergency lighting system must not have a switch, except:
(a) In a distribution panel;
(b) As required in § 112.43-7; or
(c) In a circuit that serves a hazardous space such as a paint room or cargo handling room if the switch is located outside of the hazardous location.
§ 112.43-5   Controls on island type vessels.
On an island type vessel, such as a containership, emergency lights for illumination of survival craft launching operations must be controlled from a central location within the island nearest the launching operations or from the navigating bridge.
§ 112.43-7   Navigating bridge distribution panel.
(a) Except as allowed in paragraph (b) of this section, the following emergency lights must be supplied from a distribution panel on the navigating bridge:
(1) Navigation lights not supplied by the navigation light indicator panel.
(2) Lights for survival craft launching operations under § 111.75-16, except as allowed in § 112.43-5.
(3) Signaling lights.
(4) Emergency lights:
(i) On open decks;
(ii) On the navigating bridge;
(iii) In the chartroom;
(iv) In the fire control room; and
(v) For navigation equipment.
(b) On a mobile offshore drilling unit, the distribution panel required in paragraph (a) of this section must be in the control room.
(c) Each distribution panel required in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section must have a fused switch or circuit breaker for each branch circuit.
§ 112.43-9   Signaling lights.
Each signaling light must be supplied by a branch circuit that supplies no other equipment.
§ 112.43-11   Illumination for launching operations.
Branch circuits supplying power to lights for survival craft launching operations must supply no other equipment and meet § 111.75-16 of this chapter.
§ 112.43-13   [Reserved]
§ 112.43-15   Emergency lighting feeders.
For a vessel with fire bulkheads forming fire zones, at least one emergency lighting feeder must supply only the emergency lights between two adjacent main vertical fire zone bulkheads. The emergency lighting feeder must be separated as widely as practicable from any general lighting feeder supplying the same space.
§ 112.45-1   Visible indicators.
There must be visible indicators in the machinery space to show;
(a) When an emergency battery is discharging; and
(b) When the automatically controlled emergency power source is supplying the emergency loads.
§ 112.50-1   General.
(a) The prime mover of a generator set must have:
(1) All accessories necessary for operation and protection of the prime mover; and
(2) A self-contained cooling system of a size that ensures continuous operation with 100 degrees F (37 degrees C) air.
(b) The fuel used must have a flashpoint of not less than 110 degrees F (43 degrees C).
(c) The room that has the generator set must have intake and exhaust ducts to supply adequate cooling air.
(d) The generator set must be capable of carrying its full rated load within 45 seconds after cranking is started with the intake air, room ambient temperature, and starting equipment at O°C. The generator's prime mover must not have a starting aid to meet this requirement, except that a thermostatically-controlled electric water-jacket heater connected to the final emergency bus is permitted.
(e) The generator set must start by hydraulic, compressed air, or electrical means.
(f) The generator set must maintain proper lubrication when inclined to the angles specified in § 112.05-5(c), and must be arranged so that it does not spill oil under a vessel roll of 30 degrees to each side of the vertical.
(g) The following automatic shutdowns are required for the generator set:
(1) Overspeed; and
(2) Operation of a fixed fire extinguishing system in the emergency generator room.
(h) The following audible alarms are required for the generator set if the prime mover is a diesel engine:
(1) Low oil pressure; and
(2) High cooling water temperature.
(i) If the prime mover is a gas turbine, it must meet the shutdown and alarm requirements in § 58.10-15(f) of this chapter.
(j) An independent fuel supply must be provided for the prime mover.
(k) Each emergency generator that is arranged to be automatically started must be equipped with a starting device with an energy-storage capability of at least six consecutive starts. A second, separate source of starting energy may provide three of the required six starts. If a second source is provided, the system need only provide three consecutive starts.
§ 112.50-3   Hydraulic starting.
A hydraulic starting system must meet the following:
(a) The hydraulic starting system must be a self-contained system that provides the cranking torque and engine starting RPM recommended by the engine manufacturer. The hydraulic starting system must be capable of six consecutive starts, unless a second, separate source of starting energy capable of three consecutive starts is provided. A second, separate source of starting energy may provide three of the required six starts. If a second source is provided, the hydraulic system need only provide three consecutive starts.
(b) The stored hydraulic pressure must be automatically maintained within the predetermined pressure limits.
(c) The means of automatically maintaining the hydraulic system within the predetermined pressure limits must be electrically energized from the final emergency bus.
(d) There must be a means to manually recharge the hydraulic system.
(e) Charging of the hydraulic starting system must not cause insufficient hydraulic pressure for engine starting.
§ 112.50-5   Electric starting.
An electric starting system must have a starting battery with sufficient capacity for at least six consecutive starts. A second, separate source of starting energy may provide three of the required six starts. If a second source is provided, the electrical starting system need only provide three consecutive starts.
§ 112.50-7   Compressed air starting.
A compressed air starting system must meet the following:
(a) The starting, charging, and energy storing devices must be in the emergency generator room, except for the main or auxiliary air compressors addressed in paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section.
(b) The compressed air starting system must provide the cranking torque and engine starting RPM recommended by the engine manufacturer.
(c) The compressed air starting system must have an air receiver that meets the following:
(1) Has a capacity for at least six consecutive starts. A second, separate source of starting energy may provide three of the required consecutive starts. If a second source is provided, the compressed air starting system need only provide three consecutive starts.
(2) Supplies no other system.
(3) Is supplied from one of the following:
(i) The main or auxiliary compressed air receivers with a nonreturn valve in the emergency generator room and a handcranked, diesel-powered air compressor for recharging the air receiver.
(ii) An electrically driven air compressor that is automatically operated and is powered from the emergency power source. If this compressor supplies other auxiliaries, there must be a non-return valve at the inlet of the starting air receiver and there must be a handcranked, diesel-powered air compressor for recharging the air receiver.
§ 112.55-1   General.
Each storage battery installation must meet Subpart 111.15 of this chapter.
§ 112.55-5   Emergency lighting loads.
When supplying emergency lighting loads, the storage battery initial voltage must not exceed the standard system voltage by more than 5 percent.
§ 112.55-10   Storage battery charging.
(a) Each storage battery installation for emergency lighting and power, and starting batteries for an emergency diesel or gas turbine driven generator set, must have apparatus to automatically maintain the battery fully charged.
(b) When the ship's service generating plant is available, the battery must have a continuous trickle charge, except that after discharge the battery must be charged automatically at a higher rate.
(c) Charging operations must not cause an absence of battery power.
(d) There must be instruments to show the rate of charge.
§ 112.55-15   Capacity of storage batteries.
(a) A storage battery for an emergency lighting and power system must have the capacity—
(1) To close all watertight doors two times;
(2) To open all watertight doors once; and
(3) To carry the remaining emergency loads continuously for the time prescribed in § 112.05-5(a), table 112.05-5(a).
(b) At the end of the time specified in paragraph (a) of this section, the potential of the storage battery must be at least 88 percent of the standard voltage.