Title 40—Protection of Environment--Volume 1
PART 63—NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES
§ 63.822   Definitions.
(a) All terms used in this subpart that are not defined below have the meaning given to them in the CAA and in subpart A of this part.
Affirmative defense means, in the context of an enforcement proceeding, a response or a defense put forward by a defendant, regarding which the defendant has the burden of proof, and the merits of which are independently and objectively evaluated in a judicial or administrative proceeding.
Always-controlled work station means a work station associated with a dryer from which the exhaust is delivered to a control device, with no provision for the dryer exhaust to bypass the control device. Sampling lines for analyzers and relief valves needed for safety purposes are not considered bypass lines.
Capture efficiency means the fraction of all organic HAP emissions generated by a process that are delivered to a control device, expressed as a percentage.
Capture system means a hood, enclosed room, or other means of collecting organic HAP emissions into a closed-vent system that exhausts to a control device.
Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the position of a valve or damper (e.g., from open to closed) in such a way that the position of the valve or damper cannot be changed without breaking the seal.
Certified product data sheet (CPDS) means documentation furnished by suppliers of inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, solvents, and other materials or by an independent third party that provides the organic HAP weight fraction of these materials determined in accordance with § 63.827(b), or the volatile matter weight fraction or solids weight fraction determined in accordance with § 63.827(c). A material safety data sheet (MSDS) may serve as a CPDS provided the MSDS meets the data requirements of § 63.827(b) and (c). The purpose of the CPDS is to assist the owner or operator in demonstrating compliance with the emission limitations presented in §§ 63.824-63.825.
Coating means material applied onto or impregnated into a substrate for decorative, protective, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not limited to, solvent-borne coatings, waterborne coatings, wax coatings, wax laminations, extrusion coatings, extrusion laminations, 100 percent solid adhesives, ultra-violet cured coatings, electron beam cured coatings, hot melt coatings, and cold seal coatings. Materials used to form unsupported substrates such as calendaring of vinyl, blown film, cast film, extruded film, and coextruded film are not considered coatings.
Control device means a device such as a carbon adsorber or oxidizer which reduces the organic HAP in an exhaust gas by recovery or by destruction.
Control device efficiency means the ratio of organic HAP emissions recovered or destroyed by a control device to the total organic HAP emissions that are introduced into the control device, expressed as a percentage.
Day means a 24-consecutive-hour period.
Facility means all contiguous or adjoining property that is under common ownership or control, including properties that are separated only by a road or other public right-of-way.
Flexible packaging means any package or part of a package the shape of which can be readily changed. Flexible packaging includes, but is not limited to, bags, pouches, labels, liners and wraps utilizing paper, plastic, film, aluminum foil, metalized or coated paper or film, or any combination of these materials.
Flexographic press means an unwind or feed section, which may include more than one unwind or feed station (such as on a laminator), a series of individual work stations, one or more of which is a flexographic print station, any dryers (including interstage dryers and overhead tunnel dryers) associated with the work stations, and a rewind, stack, or collection section. The work stations may be oriented vertically, horizontally, or around the circumference of a single large impression cylinder. Inboard and outboard work stations, including those employing any other technology, such as rotogravure, are included if they are capable of printing or coating on the same substrate. A publication rotogravure press with one or more flexographic imprinters is not a flexographic press.
Flexographic print station means a print station on which a flexographic printing operation is conducted. A flexographic print station includes an anilox roller that transfers material to a raised image (type or art) on a plate cylinder. The material is then transferred from the image on the plate cylinder to the web or sheet to be printed. A flexographic print station may include a fountain roller to transfer material from the reservoir to the anilox roller, or material may be transferred directly from the reservoir to the anilox roller. The materials applied are of a fluid, rather than paste, consistency.
HAP applied means the organic HAP content of all inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, solvent, and other materials applied to a substrate by a product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing affected source.
HAP used means the organic HAP applied by a publication rotogravure printing affected source, including all organic HAP used for cleaning, parts washing, proof presses, and all organic HAP emitted during tank loading, ink mixing, and storage.
Intermittently-controllable work station means a work station associated with a dryer with provisions for the dryer exhaust to be delivered to or diverted from a control device depending on the position of a valve or damper. Sampling lines for analyzers and relief valves needed for safety purposes are not considered bypass lines.
Month means a calendar month or a prespecified period of 28 days to 35 days.
Narrow-web flexographic press means a flexographic press that is not capable of printing substrates greater than 18 inches in width and that does not also meet the definition of rotogravure press (i.e., it has no rotogravure print stations).
Never-controlled work station means a work station which is not equipped with provisions by which any emissions, including those in the exhaust from any associated dryer, may be delivered to a control device.
Other press means a lithographic press, letterpress press, or screen printing press that does not meet the definition of rotogravure press or flexographic press (i.e., it has no rotogravure print stations and no flexographic print stations), and that does not print on fabric or other textiles as defined in the Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabrics and Other Textiles NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart OOOO), wood furniture components as defined in the Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart JJ) or wood building products as defined in the Surface Coating of Wood Building Products NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart QQQQ).
Overall Organic HAP control efficiency means the total efficiency of a control system, determined either by:
(1) The product of the capture efficiency and the control device efficiency or
(2) A liquid-liquid material balance.
Print station means a work station on which a printing operation is conducted.
Printing operation means the formation of words, designs, or pictures on a substrate other than wood furniture components as defined in the Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart JJ), wood building products as defined in the Surface Coating of Wood Building Products NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart QQQQ), and fabric or other textiles as defined in the Printing, Coating, and Dyeing of Fabric and Other Textiles NESHAP (40 CFR part 63, subpart OOOO), except for fabric or other textiles for use in flexible packaging.
Product and packaging rotogravure printing means the production, on a rotogravure press, of any printed substrate not otherwise defined as publication rotogravure printing. This includes, but is not limited to, folding cartons, flexible packaging, labels and wrappers, gift wraps, wall and floor coverings, upholstery, decorative laminates, and tissue products.
Proof press means any press which prints only non-saleable items used to check the quality of image formation of rotogravure cylinders or flexographic plates; substrates such as paper, plastic film, metal foil, or vinyl; or ink, coating varnish, adhesive, primer, or other solids-containing material.
Publication rotogravure press means a rotogravure press used for publication rotogravure printing. A publication rotogravure press may include one or more flexographic imprinters. A publication rotogravure press with one or more flexographic imprinters is not a flexographic press.
Publication rotogravure printing means the production, on a rotogravure press, of the following saleable paper products:
(1) Catalogues, including mail order and premium,
(2) Direct mail advertisements, including circulars, letters, pamphlets, cards, and printed envelopes,
(3) Display advertisements, including general posters, outdoor advertisements, car cards, window posters; counter and floor displays; point of purchase and other printed display material,
(4) Magazines,
(5) Miscellaneous advertisements, including brochures, pamphlets, catalog sheets, circular folders, announcements, package inserts, book jackets, market circulars, magazine inserts, and shopping news,
(6) Newspapers, magazine and comic supplements for newspapers, and preprinted newspaper inserts, including hi-fi and spectacolor rolls and sections,
(7) Periodicals, and
(8) Telephone and other directories, including business reference services.
Research or laboratory equipment means any equipment for which the primary purpose is to conduct research and development into new processes and products, where such equipment is operated under the close supervision of technically trained personnel and is not engaged in the manufacture of products for commercial sale in commerce, except in a de minimis manner.
Rotogravure press means an unwind or feed section, which may include more than one unwind or feed station (such as on a laminator), a series of individual work stations, one or more of which is a rotogravure print station, any dryers associated with the work stations, and a rewind, stack, or collection section. Inboard and outboard work stations, including those employing any other technology, such as flexography, are included if they are capable of printing or coating on the same substrate.
Rotogravure print station means a print station on which a rotogravure printing operation is conducted. A rotogravure print station includes a rotogravure cylinder and supply for ink or other solids containing material. The image (type and art) to be printed is etched or engraved below the surface of the rotogravure cylinder. On a rotogravure cylinder the printing image consists of millions of minute cells.
Stand-alone equipment means an unwind or feed section, which may include more than one unwind or feed station (such as on a laminator); a series of one or more work stations and any associated dryers; and a rewind, stack, or collection section that is not part of a product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic press. Stand-alone equipment is sometimes referred to as “off-line” equipment.
Wide-web flexographic press means a flexographic press capable of printing substrates greater than 18 inches in width.
Work station means a unit on which material is deposited onto a substrate.
(b) The symbols used in equations in this subpart are defined as follows:
(1) C ahi = the monthly average, as-applied, organic HAP content of solids-containing material, i, expressed as a weight-fraction, kg/kg.
(2) C asi = the monthly average, as applied, solids content, of solids-containing material, i, expressed as a weight-fraction, kg/kg.
(3) C hi = the organic HAP content of ink or other solids-containing material, i, expressed as a weight-fraction, kg/kg.
(4) C hij = the organic HAP content of solvent j, added to solids-containing material i, expressed as a weight-fraction, kg/kg.
(5) C hj = the organic HAP content of solvent j, expressed as a weight-fraction, kg/kg.
(6) [Reserved]
(7) C si = the solids content of ink or other material, i, expressed as a weight-fraction, kg/kg.
(8) C vi = the volatile matter content of ink or other material, i, expressed as a weight-fraction, kg/kg.
(9) E = the organic volatile matter control efficiency of the control device, percent.
(10) F = the organic volatile matter capture efficiency of the capture system, percent.
(11) G i = the mass fraction of each solids containing material, i, which was applied at 20 weight-percent or greater solids content, on an as-applied basis, kg/kg.
(12) H = the monthly organic HAP emitted, kg.
(13) H a = the monthly allowable organic HAP emissions, kg.
(14) H L = the monthly average, as-applied, organic HAP content of all solids-containing materials applied at less than 0.04 kg organic HAP per kg of material applied, kg/kg.
(15) H s = the monthly average, as-applied, organic HAP to solids ratio, kg organic HAP/kg solids applied.
(16) H si = the as-applied, organic HAP to solids ratio of material i.
(17) L = the mass organic HAP emission rate per mass of solids applied, kg/kg.
(18) M Bi = the sum of the mass of solids-containing material, i, applied on intermittently-controllable work stations operating in bypass mode and the mass of solids-containing material, i, applied on never-controlled work stations, in a month, kg.
(19) M Bj = the sum of the mass of solvent, thinner, reducer, diluent, or other non-solids-containing material, j, applied on intermittently-controllable work stations operating in bypass mode and the mass of solvent, thinner, reducer, diluent, or other non-solids-containing material, j, applied on never-controlled work stations, in a month, kg.
(20) M ci = the sum of the mass of solids-containing material, i, applied on intermittently-controllable work stations operating in controlled mode and the mass of solids-containing material, i, applied on always-controlled work stations, in a month, kg.
(21) M cj = the sum of the mass of solvent, thinner, reducer, diluent, or other non-solids-containing material, j, applied on intermittently-controllable work stations operating in controlled mode and the mass of solvent, thinner, reducer, diluent, or other non-solids-containing material, j, applied on always-controlled work stations in a month, kg.
(22) [Reserved]
(23) M fi = the organic volatile matter mass flow rate at the inlet to the control device, kg/h.
(24) M fo = the organic volatile matter mass flow rate at the outlet of the control device, kg/h.
(25) M hu = the mass of organic HAP used in a month, kg.
(26) M i = the mass of ink or other material, i, applied in a month, kg.
(27) M ij = the mass of solvent, thinner, reducer, diluent, or other non-solids-containing material, j, added to solids-containing material, i, in a month, kg.
(28) M j = the mass of solvent, thinner, reducer, diluent, or other non-solids-containing material, j, applied in a month, kg.
(29) M Lj = the mass of solvent, thinner, reducer, diluent, or other non-solids-containing material, j, added to solids-containing materials which were applied at less than 20 weight-percent solids content, on an as-applied basis, in a month, kg.
(30) M vr = the mass of volatile matter recovered in a month, kg.
(31) M vu = the mass of volatile matter, including water, used in a month, kg.
(32) [Reserved]
(33) n = the number of organic compounds in the vent gas.
(34) p = the number of different inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, and other materials applied in a month.
(35) q = the number of different solvents, thinners, reducers, diluents, or other non-solids-containing materials applied in a month.
(36) [Reserved]
(37) R = the overall organic HAP control efficiency, percent.
(38) R e = the overall effective organic HAP control efficiency for publication rotogravure, percent.
(39) R v = the organic volatile matter collection and recovery efficiency, percent.
(40) S = the mass organic HAP emission rate per mass of material applied, kg/kg.
(41) 0.0416 = conversion factor for molar volume, kg-mol/m 3 (@ 293 K and 760 mmHg).
§ 63.823   Standards: General.
(a) Table 1 to this subpart provides cross references to the 40 CFR part 63, subpart A, general provisions, indicating the applicability of the general provisions requirements to this subpart KK.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected source subject to this subpart must at all times operate and maintain that affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment, in a manner consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions. Determination of whether such operation and maintenance procedures are being used will be based on information available to the Administrator, which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, review of operation and maintenance procedures, review of operation and maintenance records, and inspection of the source.
§ 63.824   Standards: Publication rotogravure printing.
(a) Each owner or operator of any publication rotogravure printing affected source that is subject to the requirements of this subpart shall comply with these requirements on and after the compliance dates as specified in § 63.826 of this subpart.
(b) Each publication rotogravure affected source shall limit emissions of organic HAP to no more than eight percent of the total volatile matter used each month. The emission limitation may be achieved by overall control of at least 92 percent of organic HAP used, by substitution of non-HAP materials for organic HAP, or by a combination of capture and control technologies and substitution of materials. To demonstrate compliance, each owner or operator shall follow the procedure in paragraph (b)(1) of this section when emissions from the affected source are controlled by a solvent recovery device, the procedure in paragraph (b)(2) of this section when emissions from the affected source are controlled by an oxidizer, and the procedure in paragraph (b)(3) of this section when no control device is used.
(1) Each owner or operator using a solvent recovery device to control emissions shall demonstrate compliance by showing that the HAP emission limitation is achieved by following the procedures in either paragraph (b)(1)(i) or (b)(1)(ii) of this section:
(i) Perform a liquid-liquid material balance for each month as follows:
(A) Measure the mass of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material used by the affected source during the month.
(B) Determine the organic HAP content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent and other material used by the affected source during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(b)(1).
(C) Determine the volatile matter content, including water, of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material used by the affected source during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(c)(1).
(D) Install, calibrate, maintain and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery device on a monthly basis. The device shall be initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within ±2.0 percent.
(E) Measure the amount of volatile matter recovered for the month.
(F) Calculate the overall effective organic HAP control efficiency (R e ) for the month using Equation 1:
(G) The affected source is in compliance for the month, if R e is at least 92 percent each month.
(ii) Use continuous emission monitors, conduct an initial performance test of capture efficiency, and continuously monitor a site specific operating parameter to assure capture efficiency as specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii)(A) through (b)(1)(ii)(E) of this section:
(A) Install continuous emission monitors to collect the data necessary to calculate the total organic volatile matter mass flow in the gas stream entering and the total organic volatile matter mass flow in the gas stream exiting the solvent recovery device for each month such that the percent control efficiency (E) of the solvent recovery device can be calculated for the month. This requires continuous emission monitoring of the total organic volatile matter concentration in the gas stream entering the solvent recovery device, the total organic volatile matter concentration in the gas stream exiting the solvent recovery device, and the volumetric gas flow rate through the solvent recovery device. A single continuous volumetric gas flow measurement should be sufficient for a solvent recovery device since the inlet and outlet volumetric gas flow rates for a solvent recovery device are essentially equal. Each month's individual inlet concentration values and corresponding individual gas flow rate values are multiplied and then summed to get the total organic volatile matter mass flow in the gas stream entering the solvent recovery device for the month. Each month's individual outlet concentration values and corresponding individual gas flow rate values are multiplied and then summed to get the total organic volatile matter mass flow in the gas stream exiting the solvent recovery device for the month.
(B) Determine the percent capture efficiency (F) of the capture system according to § 63.827(e).
(C) Calculate the overall effective organic HAP control efficiency (R e ) achieved for each month using Equation 2.
(D) Install, calibrate, operate and maintain the instrumentation necessary to measure continuously the site-specific operating parameter established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5) whenever a publication rotogravure printing press is operated.
(E) The affected source is in compliance with the requirement for the month if R e is at least 92 percent, and the capture device is operated at an average value greater than, or less than (as appropriate) the operating parameter value established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5) for each three-hour period.
(2) Each owner or operator using an oxidizer to control emissions shall demonstrate compliance by showing that the HAP emission limitation is achieved by following the procedure in either paragraph (b)(2)(i) or (b)(2)(ii) of this section:
(i) Demonstrate initial compliance through performance tests and continuing compliance through continuous monitoring as follows:
(A) Determine the oxidizer destruction efficiency (E) using the procedure in § 63.827(d).
(B) Determine the capture efficiency (F) using the procedure in § 63.827(e).
(C) [Reserved]
(D) Calculate the overall effective organic HAP control efficiency (R e ) achieved using Equation 2.
(E) The affected source is in initial compliance if R e is at least 92 percent. Demonstration of continuing compliance is achieved by continuous monitoring of an appropriate oxidizer operating parameter in accordance with § 63.828(a)(4), and by continuous monitoring of an appropriate capture system monitoring parameter in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5). The affected source is in continuing compliance if the capture device is operated at an average value greater than or less than (as appropriate) the operating parameter value established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5), and
( 1 ) if an oxidizer other than a catalytic oxidizer is used, the average combustion temperature for all three-hour periods is greater than or equal to the average combustion temperature established under § 63.827(d), or
( 2 ) if a catalytic oxidizer is used, the average catalyst bed inlet temperature for all three-hour periods is greater than or equal to the average catalyst bed inlet temperature established in accordance with § 63.827(d).
(ii) Use continuous emission monitors, conduct an initial performance test of capture efficiency, and continuously monitor a site specific operating parameter to assure capture efficiency. The percent control efficiency of the oxidizer shall be demonstrated in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section except that separate continuous measurements of the inlet volumetric gas flow rate and the outlet volumetric gas flow rate are required for an oxidizer.
(3) To demonstrate compliance without the use of a control device, each owner or operator shall compare the mass of organic HAP used to the mass of volatile matter used each month, as specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (b)(3)(iv) of this section:
(i) Measure the mass of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material used in the affected source during the month.
(ii) Determine the organic HAP content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material used during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(b)(1), and
(iii) Determine the volatile matter content, including water, of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material used during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(c)(1).
(iv) The affected source is in compliance for the month if the mass of organic HAP used does not exceed eight percent of the mass of volatile matter used.
§ 63.825   Standards: Product and packaging rotogravure and wide-web flexographic printing.
(a) Each owner or operator of any product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing affected source that is subject to the requirements of this subpart shall comply with these requirements on and after the compliance dates as specified in § 63.826 of this subpart.
(b) Each product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing affected source shall limit organic HAP emissions to no more than 5 percent of the organic HAP applied for the month; or to no more than 4 percent of the mass of inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, solvents, reducers, thinners, and other materials applied for the month; or to no more than 20 percent of the mass of solids applied for the month; or to a calculated equivalent allowable mass based on the organic HAP and solids contents of the inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, solvents, reducers, thinners, and other materials applied for the month. The owner or operator of each product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing affected source shall demonstrate compliance with this standard by following one of the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(10) of this section:
(1) Demonstrate that each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, diluent, reducer, thinner, and other material applied during the month contains no more than 0.04 weight-fraction organic HAP, on an as-purchased basis, as determined in accordance with § 63.827(b)(2).
(2) Demonstrate that each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, and other solids-containing material applied during the month contains no more than 0.04 weight-fraction organic HAP, on a monthly average as-applied basis as determined in accordance with paragraphs (b)(2)(i)-(ii) of this section. The owner or operator shall calculate the as-applied HAP content of materials which are reduced, thinned, or diluted prior to application, as follows:
(i) Determine the organic HAP content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, diluent, reducer, thinner, and other material applied on an as-purchased basis in accordance with § 63.827(b)(2).
(ii) Calculate the monthly average as-applied organic HAP content, C ahi of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, and other solids-containing material using Equation 3.
(3)(i) Demonstrate that each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, and other solids-containing material applied, either
(A) Contains no more than 0.04 weight-fraction organic HAP on a monthly average as-applied basis, or
(B) Contains no more than 0.20 kg of organic HAP per kg of solids applied, on a monthly average as-applied basis.
(ii) The owner or operator may demonstrate compliance in accordance with paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) (A)-(C) of this section.
(A) Use the procedures of paragraph (b)(2) of this section to determine which materials meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(3)(i)(A) of this section,
(B) Determine the as-applied solids content following the procedure in § 63.827(c)(2) of all materials which do not meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(3)(i)(A) of this section. The owner or operator may calculate the monthly average as-applied solids content of materials which are reduced, thinned, or diluted prior to application, using Equation 4, and
(C) Calculate the as-applied organic HAP to solids ratio, H si , for all materials which do not meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(3)(i)(A) of this section, using Equation 5.
(4) Demonstrate that the monthly average as-applied organic HAP content, H L , of all materials applied is less than 0.04 kg HAP per kg of material applied, as determined by Equation 6.
(5) Demonstrate that the monthly average as-applied organic HAP content on the basis of solids applied, H s , is less than 0.20 kg HAP per kg solids applied as determined by Equation 7.
(6) Demonstrate that the total monthly organic HAP applied, H app , as determined by Equation 8, is less than the calculated equivalent allowable organic HAP, H a , as determined by paragraph (e) of this section.
(7) Operate a capture system and control device and demonstrate an overall organic HAP control efficiency of at least 95 percent for each month. If the affected source operates more than one capture system or more than one control device, and has only always-controlled work stations, then the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance in accordance with the provisions of either paragraph (f) or (h) of this section. If the affected source operates one or more never-controlled work stations or one or more intermittently-controllable work stations, then the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (f) of this section. Otherwise, the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance in accordance with the procedure in paragraph (c) of this section when emissions from the affected source are controlled by a solvent recovery device or the procedure in paragraph (d) of this section when emissions are controlled by an oxidizer.
(8) Operate a capture system and control device and limit the organic HAP emission rate to no more than 0.20 kg organic HAP emitted per kg solids applied as determined on a monthly average as-applied basis. If the affected source operates more than one capture system, more than one control device, one or more never-controlled work stations, or one or more intermittently-controllable work stations, then the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (f) of this section. Otherwise, the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance following the procedure in paragraph (c) of this section when emissions from the affected source are controlled by a solvent recovery device or the procedure in paragraph (d) of this section when emissions are controlled by an oxidizer.
(9) Operate a capture system and control device and limit the organic HAP emission rate to no more than 0.04 kg organic HAP emitted per kg material applied as determined on a monthly average as-applied basis. If the affected source operates more than one capture system, more than one control device, one or more never-controlled work stations, or one or more intermittently-controllable work stations, then the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (f) of this section. Otherwise, the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance following the procedure in paragraph (c) of this section when emissions from the affected source are controlled by a solvent recovery device or the procedure in paragraph (d) of this section when emissions are controlled by an oxidizer.
(10) Operate a capture system and control device and limit the monthly organic HAP emissions to less than the allowable emissions as calculated in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section. If the affected source operates more than one capture system, more than one control device, one or more never-controlled work stations, or one or more intermittently-controllable work stations, then the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (f) of this section. Otherwise, the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance following the procedure in paragraph (c) of this section when emissions from the affected source are controlled by a solvent recovery device or the procedure in paragraph (d) of this section when emissions are controlled by an oxidizer.
(c) To demonstrate compliance with the overall organic HAP control efficiency requirement in § 63.825(b)(7) or the organic HAP emissions limitation requirements in § 63.825(b)(8)-(10), each owner or operator using a solvent recovery device to control emissions shall show compliance by following the procedures in either paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section:
(1) Perform a liquid-liquid material balance for each and every month as follows:
(i) Measure the mass of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent and other material applied on the press or group of presses controlled by a common solvent recovery device during the month.
(ii) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, organic HAP emission rate based on material applied or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, determine the organic HAP content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material applied during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(b)(2).
(iii) Determine the volatile matter content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material applied during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(c)(2).
(iv) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, determine the solids content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material applied during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(c)(2).
(v) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device that indicates the cumulative amount of volatile matter recovered by the solvent recovery device on a monthly basis. The device shall be initially certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within ±2.0 percent.
(vi) Measure the amount of volatile matter recovered for the month.
(vii) Calculate the volatile matter collection and recovery efficiency, R v , using Equation 9.
(viii) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, organic HAP emission rate based on material applied or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, calculate the organic HAP emitted during the month, H, using Equation 10.
(ix) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, calculate the organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, L, using Equation 11.
(x) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on materials applied, calculate the organic HAP emission rate based on material applied, S, using Equation 12.
(xi) The affected source is in compliance if
(A) The organic volatile matter collection and recovery efficiency, R v , is 95 percent or greater, or
(B) The organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, L, is 0.20 kg organic HAP per kg solids applied or less, or
(C) the organic HAP emission rate based on material applied, S, is 0.04 kg organic HAP per kg material applied or less, or
(D) the organic HAP emitted during the month, H, is less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, H a , as determined using paragraph (e) of this section.
(2) Use continuous emission monitors, conduct an initial performance test of capture efficiency, and continuously monitor a site specific operating parameter to assure capture efficiency following the procedures in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(xi) of this section:
(i) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, organic HAP emission rate based on materials applied, or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, measure the mass of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material applied on the press or group of presses controlled by a common control device during the month.
(ii) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, organic HAP emission rate based on material applied or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, determine the organic HAP content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material applied during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(b)(2).
(iii) Install continuous emission monitors to collect the data necessary to calculate the total organic volatile matter mass flow in the gas stream entering and the total organic volatile mass flow in the gas stream exiting the solvent recovery device for each month such that the percent control efficiency (E) of the solvent recovery device can be calculated for the month. This requires continuous emission monitoring of the total organic volatile matter concentration in the gas stream entering the solvent recovery device, the total organic volatile matter concentration in the gas stream exiting the solvent recovery device, and the volumetric gas flow rate through the solvent recovery device. A single continuous volumetric gas flow measurement should be sufficient for a solvent recovery device since the inlet and outlet volumetric gas flow rates for a solvent recovery device are essentially equal. Each month's individual inlet concentration values and corresponding individual gas flow rate values are multiplied and then summed to get the total organic volatile matter mass flow in the gas stream entering the solvent recovery device for the month. Each month's individual outlet concentration values and corresponding individual gas flow rate values are multiplied and then summed to get the total organic volatile matter mass flow in the gas stream exiting the solvent recovery device for the month.
(iv) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, determine the solids content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material applied during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(c)(2).
(v) Install, calibrate, operate and maintain the instrumentation necessary to measure continuously the site-specific operating parameter established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5) whenever a product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing press is operated.
(vi) Determine the capture efficiency (F) in accordance with § 63.827(e)-(f).
(vii) Calculate the overall organic HAP control efficiency, (R), achieved for each month using Equation 13.
(viii) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, organic HAP emission rate based on material applied or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, calculate the organic HAP emitted during the month, H, for each month using Equation 14.
(ix) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, calculate the organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, L, using Equation 15.
(x) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on materials applied, calculate the organic HAP emission rate based on material applied, S, using Equation 16.
(xi) The affected source is in compliance if the capture system operating parameter is operated at an average value greater than or less than (as appropriate) the operating parameter value established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5) for each three hour period, and
(A) The organic volatile matter collection and recovery efficiency, R v , is 95 percent or greater, or
(B) The organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, L, is 0.20 kg organic HAP per kg solids applied or less, or
(C) The organic HAP emission rate based on material applied, S, is 0.04 kg organic HAP per kg material applied or less, or
(D) The organic HAP emitted during the month, H, is less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, H a , as determined using paragraph (e) of this section.
(d) To demonstrate compliance with the overall organic HAP control efficiency requirement in § 63.825(b)(7) or the overall organic HAP emission rate limitation requirements in § 63.825(b)(8)-(10), each owner or operator using an oxidizer to control emissions shall show compliance by following the procedures in either paragraph (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section:
(1) Demonstrate initial compliance through performance tests of capture efficiency and control device efficiency and continuing compliance through continuous monitoring of capture system and control device operating parameters following the procedures in paragraph (d)(1)(i) through (d)(1)(xi) of this section:
(i) Determine the oxidizer destruction efficiency (E) using the procedure in § 63.827(d).
(ii) Determine the capture system capture efficiency (F) in accordance with § 63.827(e)-(f).
(iii) Calculate the overall organic HAP control efficiency, (R), achieved using Equation 13.
(iv) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, organic HAP emission rate based on materials applied, or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, measure the mass of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material applied on the press or group of presses controlled by a common control device during the month.
(v) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, organic HAP emission rate based on material applied or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, determine the organic HAP content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material applied during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(b)(2).
(vi) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, determine the solids content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material applied during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(c)(2).
(vii) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, organic HAP emission rate based on material applied or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, calculate the organic HAP emitted during the month, H, for each month using Equation 14.
(viii) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, calculate the organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, L, for each month using Equation 15.
(ix) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on materials applied, calculate the organic HAP emission rate based on material applied, S, using Equation 16.
(x) Install, calibrate, operate and maintain the instrumentation necessary to measure continuously the site-specific operating parameters established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(4)-(5) whenever a product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic press is operating.
(xi) The affected source is in compliance, if the oxidizer is operated such that the average operating parameter value is greater than the operating parameter value established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(4) for each three-hour period, and the capture system operating parameter is operated at an average value greater than or less than (as appropriate) the operating parameter value established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5) for each three hour period, and
(A) The overall organic HAP control efficiency, R, is 95 percent or greater, or
(B) The organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied, L, is 0.20 kg organic HAP per kg solids applied or less, or
(C) The organic HAP emission rate based on material applied, S, is 0.04 kg organic HAP per kg material applied or less, or
(D) The organic HAP emitted during the month, H, is less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, H a , as determined using paragraph (e) of this section.
(2) Use continuous emission monitors, conduct an initial performance test of capture efficiency, and continuously monitor a site specific operating parameter to assure capture efficiency. The percent control efficiency of the oxidizer shall be demonstrated in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (c)(2) of this section except that separate continuous volumetric gas flow measurements of the inlet and outlet volumetric gas flow rates are required for an oxidizer.
(e) Owners or operators may calculate the monthly allowable HAP emissions, H a , for demonstrating compliance in accordance with paragraph (b)(6), (c)(1)(xi)(D), (c)(2)(xi)(D), or (d)(1)(xi)(D) of this section as follows:
(1) Determine the as-purchased mass of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, and other solids-containing material applied each month, M i .
(2) Determine the as-purchased solids content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, and other solids-containing material applied each month, in accordance with § 63.827(c)(2), C si .
(3) Determine the as-purchased mass fraction of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, and other solids-containing material which was applied at 20 weight-percent or greater solids content, on an as-applied basis, G i .
(4) Determine the total mass of each solvent, diluent, thinner, or reducer added to materials which were applied at less than 20 weight-percent solids content, on an as-applied basis, each month, M Lj .
(5) Calculate the monthly allowable HAP emissions, H a , using Equation 17.
(f) Owners or operators of product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing presses shall demonstrate compliance according to the procedures in paragraphs (f)(1) through (f)(7) of this section if the affected source operates more than one capture system, more than one control device, one or more never-controlled work stations, or one or more intermittently-controllable work stations.
(1) The owner or operator of each solvent recovery system used to control one or more product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic presses for which the owner or operator chooses to comply by means of a liquid-liquid mass balance shall determine the organic HAP emissions for those presses controlled by that solvent recovery system either
(i) in accordance with paragraphs (c)(1)(i)-(iii) and (c)(1)(v)-(viii) of this section if the presses controlled by that solvent recovery system have only always-controlled work stations, or
(ii) in accordance with paragraphs (c)(1)(ii)-(iii), (c)(1)(v)-(vi), and (g) of this section if the presses controlled by that solvent recovery system have one or more never-controlled or intermittently-controllable work stations.
(2) The owner or operator of each solvent recovery system used to control one or more product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic presses, for which the owner or operator chooses to comply by means of an initial test of capture efficiency, continuous emission monitoring of the control device, and continuous monitoring of a capture system operating parameter, shall
(i) For each capture system delivering emissions to that solvent recovery system, monitor an operating parameter established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5) to assure capture system efficiency, and
(ii) Determine the organic HAP emissions for those presses served by each capture system delivering emissions to that solvent recovery system either
(A) In accordance with paragraphs (c)(2)(i)-(iii) and (c)(2)(v)-(viii) of this section if the presses served by that capture system have only always-controlled work stations, or
(B) In accordance with paragraphs (c)(2)(ii)-(iii), (c)(2)(v)-(vii), and (g) of this section if the presses served by that capture system have one or more never-controlled or intermittently-controllable work stations.
(3) The owner or operator of each oxidizer used to control emissions from one or more product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic presses choosing to demonstrate compliance through performance tests of capture efficiency and control device efficiency and continuing compliance through continuous monitoring of capture system and control device operating parameters, shall
(i) Monitor an operating parameter established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(4) to assure control device efficiency, and
(ii) For each capture system delivering emissions to that oxidizer, monitor an operating parameter established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5) to assure capture efficiency, and
(iii) Determine the organic HAP emissions for those presses served by each capture system delivering emissions to that oxidizer either
(A) In accordance with paragraphs (d)(1)(i)-(v) and (d)(1)(vii) of this section if the presses served by that capture system have only always-controlled work stations, or
(B) In accordance with paragraphs (d)(1)(i)-(iii), (d)(1)(v), and (g) of this section if the presses served by that capture system have one or more never-controlled or intermittently-controllable work stations.
(4) The owner or operator of each oxidizer used to control emissions from one or more product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic presses choosing to demonstrate compliance through an initial capture efficiency test, continuous emission monitoring of the control device and continuous monitoring of a capture system operating parameter, shall
(i) For each capture system delivering emissions to that oxidizer, monitor an operating parameter established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5) to assure capture efficiency, and
(ii) Determine the organic HAP emissions for those presses served by each capture system delivering emissions to that oxidizer either
(A) In accordance with paragraphs (c)(2)(i)-(iii) and (c)(2)(v)-(viii) of this section if the presses served by that capture system have only always-controlled work stations, or
(B) In accordance with paragraphs (c)(2)(ii)-(iii), (c)(2)(v)-(vii), and (g) of this section if the presses served by that capture system have one or more never-controlled or intermittently-controllable work stations.
(5) The owner or operator of one or more uncontrolled product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing presses shall determine the organic HAP applied on those presses using Equation 8. The organic HAP emitted from an uncontrolled press is equal to the organic HAP applied on that press.
(6) If demonstrating compliance on the basis of organic HAP emission rate based on solids applied or emission of less than the calculated allowable organic HAP, the owner or operator shall determine the solids content of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent and other material applied during the month following the procedure in § 63.827(c)(2).
(7) The owner or operator shall determine the organic HAP emissions for the affected source for the month by summing all organic HAP emissions calculated according to paragraphs (f)(1), (f)(2)(ii), (f)(3)(iii), (f)(4)(ii), and (f)(5) of this section. The affected source is in compliance for the month, if all operating parameters required to be monitored under paragraphs (f)(2)-(4) of this section were maintained at the appropriate values, and
(i) The total mass of organic HAP emitted by the affected source was not more than four percent of the total mass of inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, solvents, diluents, reducers, thinners and other materials applied by the affected source, or
(ii) The total mass of organic HAP emitted by the affected source was not more than 20 percent of the total mass of solids applied by the affected source, or
(iii) The total mass of organic HAP emitted by the affected source was not more than the equivalent allowable organic HAP emissions for the affected source, H a , calculated in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section, or
(iv) The total mass of organic HAP emitted by the affected source was not more than five percent of the total mass of organic HAP applied by the affected source. The total mass of organic HAP applied by the affected source in the month shall be determined by the owner or operator using Equation 8.
(g) Owners or operators determining organic HAP emissions from a press or group of presses having one or more never-controlled or intermittently-controllable work stations and using the procedures specified in paragraphs (f)(1)(ii), (f)(2)(ii)(B), (f)(3)(iii)(B), or (f)(4)(ii)(B) of this section shall for that press or group of presses:
(1) Determine the sum of the mass of all inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, and other solids-containing materials which are applied on intermittently-controllable work stations in bypass mode and the mass of all inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, and other solids-containing materials which are applied on never-controlled work stations during the month, M Bi .
(2) Determine the sum of the mass of all solvents, reducers, thinners, and other diluents which are applied on intermittently-controllable work stations in bypass mode and the mass of all solvents, reducers, thinners, and other diluents which are applied on never-controlled work stations during the month, M Bj .
(3) Determine the sum of the mass of all inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, and other solids-containing materials which are applied on intermittently-controllable work stations in controlled mode and the mass of all inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, and other solids-containing materials which are applied on always-controlled work stations during the month, M Bj .
(4) Determine the sum of the mass of all solvents, reducers, thinners, and other diluents which are applied on intermittently-controllable work stations in controlled mode and the mass of all solvents, reducers, thinners, and other diluents which are applied on always-controlled work stations during the month, M Cj .
(5) For each press or group of presses for which the owner or operator uses the provisions of paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section, the owner or operator shall calculate the organic HAP emitted during the month using Equation 18.
(6) For each press or group of presses for which the owner or operator uses the provisions of paragraphs (f)(2)(ii)(B), (f)(3)(iii)(B), or (f)(4)(ii)(B) of this section, the owner or operator shall calculate the organic HAP emitted during the month using Equation (19).
(h) If the affected source operates more than one capture system or more than one control device, and has no never-controlled work stations and no intermittently-controllable work stations, then the affected source is in compliance with the 95 percent overall organic HAP control efficiency requirement for the month if for each press or group of presses controlled by a common control device:
(1) The volatile matter collection and recovery efficiency, R v , as determined by paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (c)(1)(iii), and (c)(1)(v)-(vii) of this section is equal to or greater than 95 percent, or
(2) The overall organic HAP control efficiency as determined by paragraphs (c)(2)(iii) and (c)(2)(v)-(vii) of this section for each press or group of presses served by that control device and a common capture system is equal to or greater than 95 percent and the average capture system operating parameter value for each capture system serving that control device is greater than or less than (as appropriate) the operating parameter value established for that capture system in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5) for each three hour period, or
(3) The overall organic HAP control efficiency as determined by paragraphs (d)(1)(i)-(iii) and (d)(1)(x) of this section for each press or group of presses served by that control device and a common capture system is equal to or greater than 95 percent, the oxidizer is operated such that the average operating parameter value is greater than the operating parameter value established in accordance with § 63.828(a)(4) for each three hour period, and the average capture system operating parameter value for each capture system serving that control device is greater than or less than (as appropriate) the operating parameter value established for that capture system in accordance with § 63.828(a)(5) for each three hour period.
§ 63.826   Compliance dates.
(a) The compliance date for an owner or operator of an existing affected source subject to the provisions of this subpart is May 30, 1999.
(b) The compliance date for an owner or operator of a new affected source subject to the provisions of this subpart is immediately upon start-up of the affected source, or May 30, 1996, whichever is later.
(c) Affected sources which have undergone reconstruction are subject to the requirements for new affected sources. The costs associated with the purchase and installation of air pollution control equipment are not considered in determining whether the affected source has been reconstructed. Additionally, the costs of retrofitting and replacement of equipment that is installed specifically to comply with this subpart are not considered reconstruction costs.
§ 63.827   Performance test methods.
Performance tests shall be conducted under such conditions as the Administrator specifies to the owner or operator based on representative performance of the affected source for the period being tested. Upon request, the owner or operator shall make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.
(a) An owner or operator using a control device to comply with the requirements of §§ 63.824-63.825 is not required to conduct an initial performance test to demonstrate compliance if one or more of the criteria in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section are met:
(1) A control device that is in operation prior to May 30, 1996, does not need to be tested if
(i) It is equipped with continuous emission monitors for determining total organic volatile matter concentration and the volumetric gas flow rate, and capture efficiency has been determined in accordance with the requirements of this subpart, such that an overall organic HAP control efficiency can be calculated, and
(ii) The continuous emission monitors are used to demonstrate continuous compliance in accordance with § 63.824(b)(1)(ii), § 63.825(b)(2)(ii), § 63.825(c)(2), or § 63.825(d)(2), as applicable, and § 63.828, or
(2) The owner or operator has met the requirements of either § 63.7(e)(2)(iv) or § 63.7(h), or
(3) The control device is a solvent recovery system and the owner or operator chooses to comply by means of a monthly liquid-liquid material balance.
(b) Determination of the weight fraction organic HAP of inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, solvents, thinners, reducers, diluents, and other materials used by a publication rotogravure affected source shall be conducted according to paragraph (b)(1) of this section. Determination of the weight fraction organic HAP of inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, solvents, thinners, reducers, diluents, and other materials applied by a product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing affected source shall be conducted according to paragraph (b)(2) of this section. If the weight fraction organic HAP values are not determined using the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section, the owner or operator must submit an alternative test method for determining their values for approval by the Administrator in accordance with § 63.7(f). The recovery efficiency of the test method must be determined for all of the target organic HAP and a correction factor, if necessary, must be determined and applied.
(1) Each owner or operator of a publication rotogravure affected source shall determine the weight fraction organic HAP of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material used by following one of the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section:
(i) The owner or operator may test the material in accordance with Method 311 of appendix A of this part. The Method 311 determination may be performed by the owner or operator of the affected source, the supplier of the material, or an independent third party. The organic HAP content determined by Method 311 must be calculated according to the criteria and procedures in paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(A) through (C) of this section.
(A) Include each organic HAP determined to be present at greater than or equal to 0.1 weight percent for Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and greater than or equal to 1.0 weight percent for other organic HAP compounds.
(B) Express the weight fraction of each organic HAP included according to paragraph (b)(1)(i)(A) of this section as a value truncated to four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.3791).
(C) Calculate the total weight fraction of organic HAP in the tested material by summing the weight fraction of each organic HAP included according to paragraph (b)(1)(i)(A) of this section and truncating the result to three places after the decimal point (for example, 0.763).
(ii) The owner or operator may determine the weight fraction volatile matter of the material in accordance with § 63.827(c)(1) and use this value for the weight fraction organic HAP for all compliance purposes.
(iii) The owner or operator may use formulation data to determine the weight fraction organic HAP of a material. Formulation data may be provided to the owner or operator on a CPDS by the supplier of the material or an independent third party. Formulation data may be used provided that the weight fraction organic HAP is calculated according to the criteria and procedures in paragraphs (b)(1)(iii)(A) through (D) of this section. In the event of an inconsistency between the formulation data and the result of Method 311 of appendix A of this part, where the test result is higher, the Method 311 data will take precedence unless, after consultation, the owner or operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the enforcement agency that the formulation data are correct.
(A) For each raw material used in making the material, include each organic HAP present in that raw material at greater than or equal to 0.1 weight percent for OSHA-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and greater than or equal to 1.0 weight percent for other organic HAP compounds. The weight fraction of each such organic HAP in each raw material must be determined by Method 311 of appendix A of this part, by an alternate method approved by the Administrator, or from a CPDS provided by the raw material supplier or an independent third party. The weight fraction of each such organic HAP in each raw material must be expressed as a value truncated to four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.1291).
(B) For each raw material used in making the material, the weight fraction contribution of each organic HAP, which is included according to paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(A) of this section, in that raw material to the weight fraction organic HAP of the material is calculated by multiplying the weight fraction, truncated to four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.1291), of that organic HAP in that raw material times the weight fraction of that raw material, truncated to four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.2246), in the material. The product of each such multiplication is to be truncated to four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.1291 times 0.2246 yields 0.02899586 which truncates to 0.0289).
(C) For each organic HAP which is included according to paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(A) of this section, the total weight fraction of that organic HAP in the material is calculated by adding the weight fraction contribution of that organic HAP from each raw material in which that organic HAP is included according to paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(A) of this section. The sum of each such addition must be expressed to four places after the decimal point.
(D) The total weight fraction of organic HAP in the material is the sum of the counted individual organic HAP weight fractions. This sum must be truncated to three places after the decimal point (for example, 0.763).
(2) Each owner or operator of a product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing affected source shall determine the organic HAP weight fraction of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, and other material applied by following one of the procedures in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section:
(i) The owner or operator may test the material in accordance with Method 311 of appendix A of this part. The Method 311 determination may be performed by the owner or operator of the affected source, the supplier of the material, or an independent third party. The organic HAP content determined by Method 311 must be calculated according to the criteria and procedures in paragraphs (b)(2)(i)(A) through (C) of this section.
(A) Include each organic HAP determined to be present at greater than or equal to 0.1 weight percent for OSHA-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and greater than or equal to 1.0 weight percent for other organic HAP compounds.
(B) Express the weight fraction of each organic HAP included according to paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section as a value truncated to four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.3791).
(C) Calculate the total weight fraction of organic HAP in the tested material by summing the weight fraction of each organic HAP included according to paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section and truncating the result to three places after the decimal point (for example, 0.763).
(ii) The owner or operator may determine the weight fraction volatile matter of the material in accordance with § 63.827(c)(2) and use this value for the weight fraction organic HAP for all compliance purposes.
(iii) The owner or operator may use formulation data to determine the weight fraction organic HAP of a material. Formulation data may be provided to the owner or operator on a CPDS by the supplier of the material or an independent third party. Formulation data may be used provided that the weight fraction organic HAP is calculated according to the criteria and procedures in paragraphs (b)(2)(iii)(A) through (D) of this section. In the event of an inconsistency between the formulation data and the result of Method 311 of appendix A of this part, where the test result is higher, the Method 311 data will take precedence unless, after consultation, the owner or operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the enforcement agency that the formulation data are correct.
(A) For each raw material used in making the material, include each organic HAP present in that raw material at greater than or equal to 0.1 weight percent for OSHA-defined carcinogens as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and greater than or equal to 1.0 weight percent for other organic HAP compounds. The weight fraction of each such organic HAP in each raw material must be determined by Method 311 of appendix A of this part, by an alternate method approved by the Administrator, or from a CPDS provided by the raw material supplier or an independent third party. The weight fraction of each such organic HAP in each raw material must be expressed as a value truncated to four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.1291).
(B) For each raw material used in making the material, the weight fraction contribution of each organic HAP, which is included according to paragraph (b)(2)(iii)(A) of this section, in that raw material to the weight fraction organic HAP of the material is calculated by multiplying the weight fraction, truncated to four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.1291), of that organic HAP in that raw material times the weight fraction of that raw material, truncated to four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.2246), in the material. The product of each such multiplication is truncated to four places after the decimal point (for example, 0.1291 times 0.2246 yields 0.02899586 which truncates to 0.0289).
(C) For each organic HAP which is included according to paragraph (b)(2)(iii)(A) of this section, the total weight fraction of that organic HAP in the material is calculated by adding the weight fraction contribution of that organic HAP from each raw material in which that organic HAP is included according to paragraph (b)(2)(iii)(A) of this section. The sum of each such addition must be expressed to four places after the decimal point.
(D) The total weight fraction of organic HAP in the material is the sum of the counted individual organic HAP weight fractions. This sum is to be truncated to three places after the decimal point (for example, 0.763).
(c) Determination of the weight fraction volatile matter content of inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, solvents, reducers, thinners, diluents, and other materials used by a publication rotogravure affected source shall be conducted according to paragraph (c)(1) of this section. Determination of the weight fraction volatile matter content and weight fraction solids content of inks, coatings, varnishes, adhesives, primers, solvents, reducers, thinners, diluents, and other materials applied by a product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing affected source shall be conducted according to paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
(1) Each owner or operator of a publication rotogravure affected source shall determine the volatile matter weight fraction of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, reducer, thinner, diluent, and other material used by following the procedures in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, or by using formulation data as described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
(i) Determine the volatile matter weight fraction of the material using Method 24A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The Method 24A determination may be performed by the owner or operator of the affected source, the supplier of the material, or an independent third party. The Method 24A result shall be truncated to three places after the decimal point (for example, 0.763). If these values cannot be determined using Method 24A, the owner or operator shall submit an alternative technique for determining their values for approval by the Administrator.
(2) Each owner or operator of a product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing affected source shall determine the volatile matter weight fraction and solids weight fraction of each ink, coating, varnish, adhesive, primer, solvent, reducer, thinner, diluent, and other material applied by following the procedures in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section, or by using formulation data as described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
(i) Determine the volatile matter weight fraction of the material using Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The Method 24 determination may be performed by the owner or operator of the affected source, the supplier of the material, or an independent third party. The Method 24 result shall be truncated to three places after the decimal point (for example, 0.763). If these values cannot be determined using Method 24, the owner or operator shall submit an alternative technique for determining their values for approval by the Administrator.
(ii) Calculate the solids weight fraction Method 24 result by subtracting the volatile matter weight fraction Method 24 result from 1.000. This calculation may be performed by the owner or operator, the supplier of the material, or an independent third party.
(3) The owner or operator may use formulation data to determine the volatile matter weight fraction or solids weight fraction of a material. Formulation data may be provided to the owner or operator on a CPDS by the supplier of the material or an independent third party. The volatile matter weight fraction and solids weight fraction shall be truncated to three places after the decimal point (for example, 0.763). In the event of any inconsistency between the formulation data and the result of Method 24 or Method 24A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, where the test result for volatile matter weight fraction is higher or the test result for solids weight fraction is lower, the applicable test method data will take precedence unless, after consultation, the owner or operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the enforcement agency that the formulation data are correct.
(d) A performance test of a control device to determine destruction efficiency for the purpose of meeting the requirements of §§ 63.824-63.825 shall be conducted by the owner or operator in accordance with the following:
(1) An initial performance test to establish the destruction efficiency of an oxidizer and the associated combustion zone temperature for a thermal oxidizer and the associated catalyst bed inlet temperature for a catalytic oxidizer shall be conducted and the data reduced in accordance with the following reference methods and procedures:
(i) Method 1 or 1A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A is used for sample and velocity traverses to determine sampling locations.
(ii) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A is used to determine gas volumetric flow rate.
(iii) Method 3 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A is used for gas analysis to determine dry molecular weight.
(iv) Method 4 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A is used to determine stack gas moisture.
(v) Methods 2, 2A, 3, and 4 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A shall be performed, as applicable, at least twice during each test period.
(vi) Method 25 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be used to determine organic volatile matter concentration, except as provided in paragraphs (d)(1)(vi)(A) through (D) of this section. The owner or operator shall submit notice of the intended test method to the Administrator for approval along with notice of the performance test required under § 63.7(c). The same method must be used for both the inlet and outlet measurements. The owner or operator may use Method 25A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, if (A) An exhaust gas organic volatile matter concentration of 50 parts per million by volume (ppmv) or less as carbon is required to comply with the standards of §§ 63.824-63.825, or
(B) The organic volatile matter concentration at the inlet to the control system and the required level of control are such to result in exhaust gas organic volatile matter concentrations of 50 ppmv or less as carbon, or
(C) Because of the high efficiency of the control device, the anticipated organic volatile matter concentration at the control device exhaust is 50 ppmv or less as carbon, regardless of inlet concentration, or
(D) The control device is not an oxidizer.
(vii) Each performance test shall consist of three separate runs; each run conducted for at least one hour under the conditions that exist when the affected source is operating under normal operating conditions. For the purpose of determining organic volatile matter concentrations and mass flow rates, the average of results of all runs shall apply.
(viii) Organic volatile matter mass flow rates shall be determined using Equation 20:
(ix) Emission control device efficiency shall be determined using Equation 21:
(2) The owner or operator shall record such process information as may be necessary to determine the conditions of the performance test. Operations during periods of start-up, shutdown, and malfunction shall not constitute representative conditions for the purpose of a performance test.
(3) For the purpose of determining the value of the oxidizer operating parameter that will demonstrate continuing compliance, the time-weighted average of the values recorded during the performance test shall be computed. For an oxidizer other than catalytic oxidizer, the owner or operator shall establish as the operating parameter the minimum combustion temperature. For a catalytic oxidizer, the owner or operator shall establish as the operating parameter the minimum gas temperature upstream of the catalyst bed. These minimum temperatures are the operating parameter values that demonstrate continuing compliance with the requirements of §§ 63.824-63.825.
(e) A performance test to determine the capture efficiency of each capture system venting organic emissions to a control device for the purpose of meeting the requirements of § 63.824(b)(1)(ii), § 63.824(b)(2), § 63.825(c)(2), § 63.825(d)(1)-(2), § 63.825(f)(2)-(4), or § 63.825(h)(2)-(3) shall be conducted by the owner or operator in accordance with the following:
(1) You may assume your capture efficiency equals 100 percent if your capture system is a permanent total enclosure (PTE). You must confirm that your capture system is a PTE by demonstrating that it meets the requirements of section 6 of Method 204 of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M, and that all exhaust gases from the enclosure are delivered to a control device.
(2) You may determine capture efficiency according to the protocols for testing with temporary total enclosures that are specified in Methods 204 and 204A through F of 40 CFR part 51, appendix M. You may exclude never controlled work stations from such capture efficiency determinations.
(f) As an alternative to the procedures specified in § 63.827(e) an owner or operator required to conduct a capture efficiency test may use any capture efficiency protocol and test methods that satisfy the criteria of either the Data Quality Objective (DQO) or the Lower Confidence Limit (LCL) approach as described in Appendix A of this subpart. The owner or operator may exclude never-controlled work stations from such capture efficiency determinations.
§ 63.828   Monitoring requirements.
(a) Following the date on which the initial performance test of a control device is completed, to demonstrate continuing compliance with the standard, the owner or operator shall monitor and inspect each control device required to comply with §§ 63.824-63.825 to ensure proper operation and maintenance by implementing the applicable requirements in paragraph (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section.
(1) Owners or operators of product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic presses with intermittently-controllable work stations shall follow one of the procedures in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section for each dryer associated with such a work station:
(i) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow control position indicator that provides a record indicating whether the exhaust stream from the dryer was directed to the control device or was diverted from the control device. The time and flow control position must be recorded at least once per hour, as well as every time the flow direction is changed. The flow control position indicator shall be installed at the entrance to any bypass line that could divert the exhaust stream away from the control device to the atmosphere.
(ii) Secure any bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration; a visual inspection of the seal or closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every month to ensure that the valve or damper is maintained in the closed position and the exhaust stream is not diverted through the bypass line.
(iii) Ensure that any bypass line valve or damper is in the closed position through continuous monitoring of valve position. The monitoring system shall be inspected at least once every month to ensure that it is functioning properly.
(iv) Use an automatic shutdown system in which the press is stopped when flow is diverted away from the control device to any bypass line. The automatic system shall be inspected at least once every month to ensure that it is functioning properly.
(2) Compliance monitoring shall be subject to the provisions of paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (a)(2)(ii) of this section, as applicable.
(i) All continuous emission monitors shall comply with performance specifications (PS) 8 or 9 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B, as appropriate. The requirements of appendix F of 40 CFR part 60 shall also be followed. In conducting the quarterly audits required by appendix F, owners or operators must challenge the monitors with compounds representative of the gaseous emission stream being controlled.
(ii) All temperature monitoring equipment shall be installed, calibrated, maintained, and operated according to manufacturers specifications. The calibration of the chart recorder, data logger, or temperature indicator shall be verified every three months; or the chart recorder, data logger, or temperature indicator shall be replaced. The replacement shall be done either if the owner or operator chooses not to perform the calibration, or if the equipment cannot be calibrated properly.
(3) An owner or operator complying with §§ 63.824-63.825 through continuous emission monitoring of a control device shall install, calibrate, operate, and maintain continuous emission monitors to measure total organic volatile matter concentration and volumetric gas flow rate in accordance with § 63.824(b)(1)(ii), § 63.825(b)(2)(ii), § 63.825(c)(2), or § 63.825(d)(2), as applicable.
(4) An owner or operator complying with the requirements of §§ 63.824-63.825 through the use of an oxidizer and demonstrating continuous compliance through monitoring of an oxidizer operating parameter shall:
(i) For an oxidizer other than a catalytic oxidizer, install, calibrate, operate, and maintain a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder. The device shall have an accuracy of ±1 percent of the temperature being monitored in °C or ±1 °C, whichever is greater. The thermocouple or temperature sensor shall be installed in the combustion chamber at a location in the combustion zone.
(ii) For a catalytic oxidizer, install, calibrate, operate, and maintain a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder. The device shall be capable of monitoring temperature with an accuracy of ±1 percent of the temperature being monitored in °C or ±1 °C, whichever is greater. The thermocouple or temperature sensor shall be installed in the vent stream at the nearest feasible point to the catalyst bed inlet.
(5) An owner or operator complying with the requirements of §§ 63.824-63.825 through the use of a control device and demonstrating continuous compliance by monitoring an operating parameter to ensure that the capture efficiency measured during the initial compliance test is maintained, shall:
(i) Submit to the Administrator with the compliance status report required by § 63.9(h) of the General Provisions, a plan that
(A) Identifies the operating parameter to be monitored to ensure that the capture efficiency measured during the initial compliance test is maintained,
(B) Discusses why this parameter is appropriate for demonstrating ongoing compliance, and
(C) Identifies the specific monitoring procedures;
(ii) Set the operating parameter value, or range of values, that demonstrate compliance with §§ 63.824-63.825, and
(iii) Conduct monitoring in accordance with the plan submitted to the Administrator unless comments received from the Administrator require an alternate monitoring scheme.
(b) Any excursion from the required operating parameters which are monitored in accordance with paragraphs (a)(4) and (a)(5) of this section, unless otherwise excused, shall be considered a violation of the emission standard.
§ 63.829   Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) The recordkeeping provisions of 40 CFR part 63 subpart A of this part that apply and those that do not apply to owners and operators of affected sources subject to this subpart are listed in Table 1 of this subpart.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected source subject to this subpart shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this section on a monthly basis in accordance with the requirements of § 63.10(b)(1) of this part:
(1) Records specified in § 63.10(b)(2) of this part, of all measurements needed to demonstrate compliance with this standard, such as continuous emission monitor data, control device and capture system operating parameter data, material usage, HAP usage, volatile matter usage, and solids usage that support data that the source is required to report.
(2) Records specified in § 63.10(b)(3) of this part for each applicability determination performed by the owner or operator in accordance with the requirements of § 63.820(a) of this subpart, and
(3) Records specified in § 63.10(c) of this part for each continuous monitoring system operated by the owner or operator in accordance with the requirements of § 63.828(a) of this subpart.
(c) Each owner or operator of an affected source subject to this subpart shall maintain records of all liquid-liquid material balances performed in accordance with the requirements of §§ 63.824-63.825 of this subpart. The records shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements of § 63.10(b) of this part.
(d) The owner or operator of each facility which commits to the criteria of § 63.820(a)(2) shall maintain records of all required measurements and calculations needed to demonstrate compliance with these criteria, including the mass of all HAP containing materials used and the mass fraction of HAP present in each HAP containing material used, on a monthly basis.
(e) The owner or operator of each facility which meets the limits and criteria of § 63.821(b)(1) shall maintain records as required in paragraph (e)(1) of this section. The owner or operator of each facility which meets the limits and criteria of § 63.821(b)(2) shall maintain records as required in paragraph (e)(2) of this section. Owners or operators shall maintain these records for five years, and upon request, submit them to the Administrator.
(1) For each facility which meets the criteria of § 63.821(b)(1), the owner or operator shall maintain records of the total mass of each material applied on product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing presses during each month.
(2) For each facility which meets the criteria of § 63.821(b)(2), the owner or operator shall maintain records of the total mass and organic HAP content of each material applied on product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing presses during each month.
(f) The owner or operator choosing to exclude from an affected source, a product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic press which meets the limits and criteria of § 63.821(a)(2)(ii)(A) shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section for five years and submit them to the Administrator upon request:
(1) The total mass of each material applied each month on the press, including all inboard and outboard stations, and
(2) The total mass of each material applied each month on the press by product and packaging rotogravure or wide-web flexographic printing operations.
(g) Each owner or operator of an affected source subject to this subpart shall maintain records of the occurrence and duration of each malfunction of operation ( i.e., process equipment), air pollution control equipment, or monitoring equipment.
(h) Each owner or operator of an affected source subject to this subpart shall maintain records of actions taken during periods of malfunction to minimize emissions in accordance with § 63.823(b), including corrective actions to restore malfunctioning process and air pollution control and monitoring equipment to its normal or usual manner of operation.
§ 63.830   Reporting requirements.
(a) The reporting provisions of 40 CFR part 63 subpart A of this part that apply and those that do not apply to owners and operators of affected sources subject to this subpart are listed in Table 1 of this subpart.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected source subject to this subpart shall submit the reports specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(6) of this section to the Administrator:
(1) An initial notification required in § 63.9(b).
(i) Initial notifications for existing sources shall be submitted no later than one year before the compliance date specified in § 63.826(a), or no later than 120 days after the source becomes subject to this subpart, whichever is later.
(ii) Initial notifications for new and reconstructed sources shall be submitted as required by § 63.9(b).
(iii) For the purpose of this subpart, a Title V or part 70 permit application may be used in lieu of the initial notification required under § 63.9(b), provided the same information is contained in the permit application as required by § 63.9(b), and the State to which the permit application has been submitted has an approved operating permit program under part 70 of this chapter and has received delegation of authority from the EPA.
(iv) Permit applications shall be submitted by the same due dates as those specified for the initial notifications.
(2) A Notification of Performance Tests specified in §§ 63.7 and 63.9(e) of this part. This notification, and the site-specific test plan required under § 63.7(c)(2) shall identify the operating parameter to be monitored to ensure that the capture efficiency measured during the performance test is maintained. The operating parameter identified in the site-specific test plan shall be considered to be approved unless explicitly disapproved, or unless comments received from the Administrator require monitoring of an alternate parameter.
(3) A Notification of Compliance Status specified in § 63.9(h) of this part.
(4) Performance test reports specified in § 63.10(d)(2) of this part.
(5) [Reserved]
(6) A summary report specified in § 63.10(e)(3) of this part shall be submitted on a semi-annual basis (i.e., once every 6-month period). These summary reports are required even if the affected source does not have any control devices or does not take the performance of any control devices into account in demonstrating compliance with the emission limitations in § 63.824 or § 63.825. In addition to a report of operating parameter exceedances as required by § 63.10(e)(3)(i), the summary report shall include, as applicable:
(i) Exceedances of the standards in §§ 63.824-63.825.
(ii) Exceedances of either of the criteria of § 63.820(a)(2).
(iii) Exceedances of the criterion of § 63.821(b)(1) and the criterion of § 63.821(b)(2) in the same month.
(iv) Exceedances of the criterion of § 63.821(a)(2)(ii)(A).
(v) The number, duration, and a brief description for each type of malfunction which occurred during the reporting period and which caused or may have caused any applicable emission limitation to be exceeded. The report must also include a description of actions taken by an owner or operator during a malfunction of an affected source to minimize emissions in accordance with § 63.823(b), including actions taken to correct a malfunction.
(c)(1) As of January 1, 2012, and within 60 days after the date of completing each performance test, as defined in § 63.2 and as required in this subpart, you must submit performance test data, except opacity data, electronically to EPA's Central Data Exchange by using the ERT (see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/ert tool.html/ ) or other compatible electronic spreadsheet. Only data collected using test methods compatible with ERT are subject to this requirement to be submitted electronically into EPA's WebFIRE database.
(2) All reports required by this subpart not subject to the requirements in paragraph (c)(1) of this section must be sent to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 63.13. If acceptable to both the Administrator and the owner or operator of a source, these reports may be submitted on electronic media. The Administrator retains the right to require submittal of reports subject to paragraph (c)(1) of this section in paper format.
§ 63.831   Implementation and enforcement.
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. EPA, or a delegated authority such as the applicable State, local, or Tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to a State, local, or Tribal agency, then that agency, in addition to the U.S. EPA, has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. Contact the applicable U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to a State, local, or Tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or Tribal agency under subpart E of this part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are retained by the Administrator of U.S. EPA and cannot be transferred to the State, local, or Tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State, local, or Tribal agencies are as specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) Approval of alternatives to the requirements in §§ 63.820 through 63.821 and 63.823 through 63.826.
(2) Approval of alternatives to the test method for organic HAP content determination in § 63.827(b) and alternatives to the test method for volatile matter in § 63.827(c), and major alternatives to other test methods under § 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under § 63.8(f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting under § 63.10(f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
§§ 63.832-63.839   [Reserved]
§ 63.840   Applicability.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the requirements of this subpart apply to the owner or operator of each new or existing pitch storage tank, potline, paste production plant and anode bake furnace associated with primary aluminum production and located at a major source as defined in § 63.2.
(b) The requirements of this subpart do not apply to any existing anode bake furnace that is not located on the same site as a primary aluminum reduction plant. The owner or operator shall comply with the State MACT determination established by the applicable regulatory authority.
(c) An owner or operator of an affected facility (potroom group or anode bake furnace) under § 60.190 of this chapter may elect to comply with either the requirements of § 63.845 of this subpart or the requirements of subpart S of part 60 of this chapter.
§ 63.841   [Reserved]
§ 63.842   Definitions.
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act as amended (the Act), in § 63.2, or in this section as follows:
Anode bake cycle means the period during which the regularly repeated sequence of loading, preheating, firing, cooling, and removing anodes from all sections within an anode bake furnace occurs one time.
Anode bake furnace means an oven in which the formed green anodes are baked for use in a prebake process. This definition includes multiple anode bake furnaces controlled by a common control device (bake furnaces controlled by a common control device are considered to be one source).
Center-worked prebake (CWPB) process means a method of primary aluminum reduction using the prebake process in which the alumina feed is added down the center of the reduction cell.
Center-worked prebake one (CWPB1) means all existing center-worked prebake potlines not defined as center-worked prebake two (CWPB2) or center-worked prebake three (CWPB3) potlines.
Center-worked prebake two (CWPB2) means all existing center-worked prebake potlines located at Alcoa in Rockdale, Texas; Kaiser Aluminum in Mead, Washington; Ormet Corporation in Hannibal, Ohio; Ravenswood Aluminum in Ravenswood, West Virginia; Reynolds Metals in Troutdale, Oregon; and Vanalco Aluminum in Vancouver, Washington.
Center-worked prebake three (CWPB3) means all existing center-worked prebake potlines that produce very high purity aluminum, have a wet scrubber for the primary control system, and are located at the NSA primary aluminum plant in Hawesville, Kentucky.
Continuous parameter monitoring system means the total equipment that may be required to meet the data acquisition and availability requirements of this subpart, used to sample, condition (if applicable), analyze, and provide a record of process or control system parameters.
High purity aluminum means aluminum produced with an average purity level of at least 99.9 percent.
Modified potroom group means an existing potroom group to which any physical change in, or change in the method of operation of, results in an increase in the amount of total fluoride emitted into the atmosphere by that potroom group.
Operating day means a 24-hour period between 12 midnight and the following midnight during which an affected source operates at any time. It is not necessary for operations to occur for the entire 24-hour period.
Particulate matter (PM) means, for the purposes of this subpart, emissions of particulate matter that serve as a measure of total particulate emissions and as a surrogate for metal hazardous air pollutants contained in the particulates, including but not limited to: Antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, nickel and selenium.
Paste production plant means the processes whereby calcined petroleum coke, coal tar pitch (hard or liquid) and/or other materials are mixed, transferred and formed into briquettes or paste for vertical stud Soderberg (VSS) processes or into green anodes for a prebake process. This definition includes all operations from initial mixing to final forming ( i.e. , briquettes, paste, green anodes) within the paste production plant, including conveyors and units managing heated liquid pitch.
Pitch storage tank means any fixed roof tank that is used to store liquid pitch that is not part of the paste production plant.
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) means any or all of the 209 possible chlorinated biphenyl isomers.
Polycyclic organic matter (POM) means organic matter extractable by methylene chloride as determined by Method 315 in appendix A to this part or by an approved alternative method.
Potline means a single, discrete group of electrolytic reduction cells electrically connected in series, in which alumina is reduced to form aluminum.
Potroom means a building unit that houses a group of electrolytic cells in which aluminum is produced.
Potroom group means an uncontrolled potroom, a potroom that is controlled individually, or a group of potrooms or potroom segments ducted to a common control system.
Prebake process means a method of primary aluminum reduction that uses an anode that was baked in an anode bake furnace, which is introduced into the top of the reduction cell and consumed as part of the reduction process.
Primary aluminum reduction plant means any facility manufacturing aluminum by electrolytic reduction.
Primary control system means the equipment used to capture the gases and particulate matter evacuated directly from the reduction cell and the emission control device(s) used to remove pollutants prior to discharge of the cleaned gas to the atmosphere. A roof scrubber is not part of the primary control system.
Primary emissions means the emissions discharged from the primary control system.
Reconstructed potroom group means an existing potroom group for which the components are replaced to such an extent that the fixed capital cost of the new components exceeds 50 percent of the fixed capital cost that would be required to construct a comparable entirely new potroom group, and for which it is technologically and economically feasible to meet the applicable emission limits for total fluoride set forth in this subpart.
Reconstruction means the replacement of components of a source to such an extent that:
(1) All of the major components of the source are replaced (for example, the major components of a potline include the raw material handling system, reduction cells, superstructure, hooding, ductwork, etc.); and
(2) It is technologically and economically feasible for the reconstructed source to meet the standards for new sources established in this subpart.
Roof monitor means that portion of the roof of a potroom building where gases not captured at the cell exit from the potroom.
Secondary emissions means the fugitive emissions that are not captured and controlled by the primary control system and that escape through the roof monitor or through roof scrubbers.
Side-worked prebake (SWPB) process means a method of primary aluminum reduction using the prebake process, in which the alumina is added along the sides of the reduction cell.
Soderberg process means a method of primary aluminum reduction in which the anode paste mixture is baked in the reduction pot by the heat resulting from the electrolytic process.
Startup of an anode bake furnace means the process of initiating heating to the anode bake furnace. The startup or re-start of the furnace begins when the heating begins. The startup or re-start concludes at the start of the second anode bake cycle if the furnace was at ambient temperature upon startup or when the anode bake cycle resumes if the furnace was not at ambient temperature.
Total fluorides (TF) means elemental fluorine and all fluoride compounds as measured by Methods 13A or 13B in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or by an approved alternative method.
Toxicity equivalence (TEQ) means an international method of expressing toxicity equivalents for PCBs as defined in U.S. EPA, Recommended Toxicity Equivalence Factors (TEFs) for Human Health Risk Assessments of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and Dioxin-Like Compounds, EPA/100/R-10/005 December 2010.
Vertical stud Soderberg two (VSS2) means all existing vertical stud Soderberg potlines located at Columbia Falls Aluminum in Columbia Falls, Montana.
§ 63.843   Emission limits for existing sources.
(a) Potlines. The owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere any emissions of TF, POM, PM, nickel, arsenic or PCB in excess of the applicable limits in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section.
(1) TF limits. Emissions of TF shall not exceed:
(i) 0.95 kg/Mg (1.9 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB1 potline;
(ii) 1.5 kg/Mg (3.0 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB2 potline;
(iii) 1.25 kg/Mg (2.5 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB3 potline;
(iv) 0.8 kg/Mg (1.6 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each SWPB potline; and
(v) [Reserved]
(vi) 1.35 kg/Mg (2.7 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each VSS2 potline.
(2) POM limits. Emissions of POM shall not exceed:
(i)—(ii) [Reserved]
(iii) 0.85 kg/Mg (1.9 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each VSS2 potline;
(iv) 0.55 kg/Mg (1.1 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB1 prebake potline;
(v) 6.0 kg/Mg (12 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB2 prebake potline;
(vi) 1.4 kg/Mg (2.7 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB3 prebake potline; and
(vii) 8.5 kg/Mg (17 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each SWPB prebake potline.
(3) PM limits. Emissions of PM shall not exceed:
(i) 3.7 kg/Mg (7.4 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB1 potline;
(ii) 5.5 kg/Mg (11 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB2 potline;
(iii) 10 kg/Mg (20 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB3 potline;
(iv) 2.45 kg/Mg (4.9 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each SWPB potline; and
(v) 13 kg/Mg (26 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each VSS2 potline.
(4) Nickel limit. Emissions of nickel shall not exceed 0.07 lb/ton of aluminum produced from each VSS2 potline at a primary aluminum reduction plant.
(5) Arsenic limit. Emissions of arsenic shall not exceed 0.006 lb/ton of aluminum produced from each VSS2 potline at a primary aluminum reduction plant.
(6) PCB limit. Emissions of PCB shall not exceed 2.0 µg toxicity equivalence (TEQ) per ton of aluminum produced from each VSS2 potline at a primary aluminum reduction plant.
(7) Change in subcategory. Any potline, other than a reconstructed potline, that is changed such that its applicable subcategory also changes shall meet the applicable emission limit in this subpart for the original subcategory or the new subcategory, whichever is more stringent.
(b) Paste production plants. The owner or operator shall install, operate and maintain equipment to capture and control POM and PM emissions from each paste production plant.
(1) The emission capture system shall be installed and operated to meet the generally accepted engineering standards for minimum exhaust rates as published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in Chapters 3 and 5 of “Industrial Ventilation: A Handbook of Recommended Practice” (incorporated by reference; see § 63.14); and
(2) Captured emissions shall be routed through a closed system to a dry coke scrubber; or
(3) The owner or operator may submit a written request for use of an alternative control device to the applicable regulatory authority for review and approval. The request shall contain information and data demonstrating that the alternative control device achieves POM emissions less than 0.011 lb/ton of paste for plants with continuous mixers or POM emissions less than 0.024 lb/ton of paste for plants with batch mixers. The POM emission rate shall be determined by sampling using Method 315 in appendix A to this part.
(4) PM limit. Emissions of PM shall not exceed 0.041 kg/Mg (0.082 lb/ton) of paste.
(c) Anode bake furnaces. The owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere any emissions of TF, POM, PM or mercury in excess of the limits in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) TF limit. Emissions of TF shall not exceed 0.10 kg/Mg (0.20 lb/ton) of green anode;
(2) POM limit. Emissions of POM shall not exceed 0.09 kg/Mg (0.18 lb/ton) of green anode;
(3) PM limit. Emissions of PM shall not exceed 0.10 kg/Mg (0.20 lb/ton) of green anode; and
(4) Mercury limit. Emissions of mercury shall not exceed 1.7 µg/dscm.
(d) Pitch storage tanks. Each pitch storage tank shall be equipped with an emission control system designed and operated to reduce inlet emissions of POM by 95 percent or greater.
(e) COS limit. Emissions of COS must not exceed 1.95 kg/Mg (3.9 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each potline.
(f) At all times, the owner or operator must operate and maintain any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment, in a manner consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions. Determination of whether such operation and maintenance procedures are being used will be based on information available to the Administrator which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, review of operation and maintenance procedures, review of operation and maintenance records and inspection of the source.
§ 63.844   Emission limits for new or reconstructed sources.
(a) Potlines. The owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere any emissions of TF, POM, PM, nickel, arsenic or PCB in excess of the applicable limits in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section.
(1) TF limit. Emissions of TF shall not exceed 0.6 kg/Mg (1.2 lb/ton) of aluminum produced; and
(2) POM limit. Emissions of POM from potlines must not exceed 0.39 kg/Mg (0.77 lb/ton) of aluminum produced.
(3) PM limit. Emissions of PM from potlines must not exceed 2.45 kg/Mg (4.9 lb/ton) of aluminum produced.
(4) Nickel limit. Emissions of nickel shall not exceed 0.035 kg/Mg (0.07 lb/ton) of aluminum produced from each Soderberg potline at a primary aluminum reduction plant.
(5) Arsenic limit. Emissions of arsenic shall not exceed 0.003 kg/Mg (0.006 lb/ton) of aluminum produced from each Soderberg potline at a primary aluminum reduction plant.
(6) PCB limit. Emissions of PCB shall not exceed 2.0 µg TEQ/ton of aluminum produced from each Soderberg potline at a primary aluminum reduction plant.
(b) Paste production plants. (1) The owner or operator shall meet the requirements in § 63.843(b)(1) through (3) for existing paste production plants and shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere any emissions of PM in excess of the limit in paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
(2) Emissions of PM shall not exceed 0.0028 kg/Mg (0.0056 lb/ton) of green anode.
(c) Anode bake furnaces. The owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere any emissions of TF, PM, POM or mercury in excess of the limits in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) TF limit. Emissions of TF shall not exceed 0.01 kg/Mg (0.02 lb/ton) of green anode;
(2) POM limit. Emissions of POM shall not exceed 0.025 kg/Mg (0.05 lb/ton) of green anode;
(3) PM limit. Emissions of PM shall not exceed 0.035 kg/Mg (0.07 lb/ton) of green anode; and
(4) Mercury limit. Emissions of mercury shall not exceed 1.7 µg/dscm.
(d) Pitch storage tanks. Each pitch storage tank shall be equipped with an emission control system designed and operated to reduce inlet emissions of POM by 95 percent or greater.
(e) COS limit. Emissions of COS must not exceed 1.55 kg/Mg (3.1 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each potline.
(f) At all times, the owner or operator must operate and maintain any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment, in a manner consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions. Determination of whether such operation and maintenance procedures are being used will be based on information available to the Administrator which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, review of operation and maintenance procedures, review of operation and maintenance records and inspection of the source.
§ 63.845   Incorporation of new source performance standards for potroom groups.
(a) Applicability. The provisions in paragraphs (a) through (i) of this section shall apply to any Soderberg, CWPB2, and CWPB3 potline that adds a new potroom group to an existing potline or that is associated with a potroom group that meets the definition of “modified potroom group” or “reconstructed potroom group.”
(1) The following shall not, by themselves, be considered to result in a potroom group modification:
(i) Maintenance, repair, and replacement that the applicable regulatory authority determines to be routine for the potroom group;
(ii) An increase in production rate of an existing potroom group, if that increase can be accomplished without a capital expenditure on that potroom group;
(iii) An increase in the hours of operation;
(iv) Use of an alternative fuel or raw material if, prior to the effective date of this subpart, the existing potroom group was designed to accommodate that alternative use;
(v) The addition or use of any system or device whose primary function is the reduction of air pollutants, except when an emission control system is removed or is replaced by a system that the applicable regulatory authority determines to be less environmentally beneficial; and
(vi) The relocation or change in ownership of an existing potroom group.
(2) The provisions in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (a)(2)(iv) of this section apply when the applicable regulatory authority must determine if a potroom group meets the definition of reconstructed potroom group.
(i) “Fixed capital cost” means the capital needed to provide all the depreciable components.
(ii) If an owner or operator of an existing potroom group proposes to replace components, and the fixed capital cost of the new components exceeds 50 percent of the fixed capital cost that would be required to construct a comparable entirely new potroom group, he/she shall notify the applicable regulatory authority of the proposed replacements. The notice must be postmarked 60 days (or as soon as practicable) before construction of the replacements is commenced and must include the following information:
(A) Name and address of the owner or operator;
(B) The location of the existing potroom group;
(C) A brief description of the existing potroom group and the components that are to be replaced;
(D) A description of the existing air pollution control equipment and the proposed air pollution control equipment;
(E) An estimate of the fixed capital cost of the replacements and of constructing a comparable entirely new potroom group;
(F) The estimated life of the existing potroom group after the replacements; and
(G) A discussion of any economic or technical limitations the potroom group may have in complying with the applicable standards of performance after the proposed replacements.
(iii) The applicable regulatory authority will determine, within 30 days of the receipt of the notice required by paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section and any additional information he/she may reasonably require, whether the proposed replacement constitutes a reconstructed potroom group.
(iv) The applicable regulatory authority's determination under paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section shall be based on:
(A) The fixed capital cost of the replacements in comparison to the fixed capital cost that would be required to construct a comparable entirely new potroom group;
(B) The estimated life of the potroom group after the replacements compared to the life of a comparable entirely new potroom group;
(C) The extent to which the components being replaced cause or contribute to the emissions from the potroom group; and
(D) Any economic or technical limitations on compliance with applicable standards of performance that are inherent in the proposed replacements.
(b) Lower TF emission limit. The owner or operator shall calculate a lower TF emission limit for any potline associated with the modified potroom group, reconstructed potroom group, or new potroom group using the following equation:
(c) Upper TF emission limit. The owner or operator shall calculate an upper TF emission limit for any potline associated with the modified potroom group, reconstructed potroom group, or new potroom group using the following equation:
(d) Recalculation. The TF emission limits in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section shall be recalculated each time a new potroom group is added to the potline and each time an additional potroom group meets the definition of “modified potroom group” or “reconstructed potroom group.”
(e) Emission limitation. The owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere emissions of TF from any potline associated with the modified potroom group, reconstructed potroom group, or new potroom group that exceed the lower emission limit calculated in paragraph (b) of this section, except that emissions less than the upper limit calculated in paragraph (c) of this section will be considered in compliance if the owner or operator demonstrates that exemplary operation and maintenance procedures were used with respect to the emission control system and that proper control equipment was operating at the potline during the performance test.
(f) Report. Within 30 days of any performance test that reveals emissions that fall between the lower limit calculated in paragraph (b) of this section and the upper limit calculated in paragraph (c) of this section, the owner or operator shall submit to the applicable regulatory authority a report indicating whether all necessary control devices were online and operating properly during the performance test, describing the operating and maintenance procedures followed, and setting forth any explanation for the excess emissions.
(g) Procedures to determine TF emissions. The owner or operator shall determine TF emissions for the potline using the following procedures:
(1) Determine the emission rate of TF in kg/Mg (lb/ton) from sampling secondary emissions and the primary control system for all new potroom groups, modified potroom groups, and reconstructed potroom groups using the procedures, equations, and test methods in §§ 63.847, 63.848, and 63.849.
(2) Determine the emission rate of TF in kg/Mg (lb/ton) from sampling secondary emissions and the primary control system for potroom groups or sections of potroom groups within the potline that are not new potroom groups, modified potroom groups, or reconstructed potroom groups according to paragraphs (g)(2)(i) or (g)(2)(ii) of this section.
(i) Determine the mass emission rate of TF in kg/Mg (lb/ton) from at least one potroom group within the potline that is not a new potroom group, modified potroom group, or reconstructed potroom group using the procedures, equations, and test methods in §§ 63.847, 63.848, and 63.849, or
(ii) Use the results of the testing required by paragraph (g)(1) of this section to represent the entire potline based on a demonstration that the results are representative of the entire potline. Representativeness shall be based on showing that all of the potroom groups associated with the potline are substantially equivalent in terms of their structure, operability, type of emissions, volume of emissions, and concentration of emissions.
(3) Calculate the TF emissions for the potline in kg/Mg (lb/ton) based on the production-weighted average of the TF emission rates from paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this section using the following equation:
Compliance is demonstrated when TF emissions for the potline meet the requirements in paragraph (e) of this section.
(4) As an alternative to sampling as required in paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this section, the owner or operator may perform representative sampling of the entire potline subject to the approval of the applicable regulatory authority. Such sampling shall provide coverage by the sampling equipment of both the new, modified, or reconstructed potroom group and the balance of the potline. The coverage for the new, modified, or reconstructed potroom group must meet the criteria specified in the reference methods in § 63.849. TF emissions shall be determined for the potline using the procedures, equations, and test methods in §§ 63.847, 63.848, and 63.849. Compliance is demonstrated when TF emissions for the potline meet the requirements in paragraph (e) of this section.
(h) Opacity. Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, the owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from the modified potroom group, reconstructed potroom group, or new potroom group any emissions of gases that exhibit 10 percent opacity or greater.
(i) Alternative opacity limit. An alternative opacity limit may be established in place of the opacity limit in paragraph (h) of this section using the following procedures:
(1) If the regulatory authority finds that a potline is in compliance with the applicable TF standard for which performance tests are conducted in accordance with the methods and procedures in § 63.849 but during the time such performance tests are being conducted fails to meet any applicable opacity standard, the regulatory authority shall notify and advise the owner or operator that he/she may petition the regulatory authority within 10 days of receipt of notification to make appropriate adjustment to the opacity standard.
(2) The regulatory authority will grant such a petition upon a demonstration by the owner or operator that the potroom group and associated air pollution control equipment were operated and maintained in a manner to minimize the opacity of emissions during the performance tests; that the performance tests were performed under the conditions established by the regulatory authority; and that the potroom group and associated air pollution control equipment were incapable of being adjusted or operated to meet the applicable opacity standard.
(3) As indicated by the performance and opacity tests, the regulatory authority will establish an opacity standard for any potroom group meeting the requirements in paragraphs (i)(1) and (i)(2) of this section such that the opacity standard could be met by the potroom group at all times during which the potline is meeting the TF emission limit.
(4) The alternative opacity limit established in paragraph (i)(3) of this section shall not be greater than 20 percent opacity.
§ 63.846   Emission averaging.
(a) General. The owner or operator of an existing potline or anode bake furnace in a State that does not choose to exclude emission averaging in the approved operating permit program may demonstrate compliance by emission averaging according to the procedures in this section.
(b) Potlines. The owner or operator may average emissions from potlines and demonstrate compliance with the limits in Tables 1 through 3 of this subpart using the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Semiannual average emissions of TF shall not exceed the applicable emission limit in Table 1 of this subpart. The emission rate shall be calculated based on the total primary and secondary emissions from all potlines comprising the averaging group over the period divided by the quantity of aluminum produced during the period, from all potlines comprising the averaging group. To determine compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 1 of this subpart for TF emissions, the owner or operator shall determine the average emissions (in lb/ton) from each potline from at least three runs per potline semiannually for TF secondary emissions and at least three runs per potline primary control system each year using the procedures and methods in §§ 63.847 and 63.849. The owner or operator shall combine the results of secondary TF average emissions with the TF results for the primary control system and divide total emissions by total aluminum production.
(2) Semiannual average emissions of POM shall not exceed the applicable emission limit in Table 2 of this subpart. The emission rate shall be calculated based on the total primary and secondary emissions from all potlines comprising the averaging group over the period divided by the quantity of aluminum produced during the period, from all potlines comprising the averaging group. To determine compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 2 of this subpart for POM emissions, the owner or operator shall determine the average emissions (in lb/ton) from each potline from at least three runs per potline semiannually for POM secondary emissions and at least three runs per potline primary control system each year for POM primary emissions using the procedures and methods in §§ 63.847 and 63.849. The owner or operator shall combine the results of secondary POM average emissions with the POM results for the primary control system and divide total emissions by total aluminum production.
(3) Semiannual average emissions of PM shall not exceed the applicable emission limit in Table 3 of this subpart. The emission rate shall be calculated based on the total primary and secondary emissions from all potlines comprising the potline group over the period divided by the quantity of aluminum produced during the period, from all potlines comprising the averaging group. To determine compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 3 of this subpart for PM emissions, the owner or operator shall determine the average emissions (in lb/ton) from each potline from at least three runs per potline semiannually for PM secondary emissions and at least three runs per potline primary control system each year for PM primary emissions using the procedures and methods in §§ 63.847 and 63.849. The owner or operator shall combine the results of secondary PM average emissions with the PM results for the primary control system and divide total emissions by total aluminum production.
(c) Anode bake furnaces. The owner or operator may average TF emissions from anode bake furnaces and demonstrate compliance with the limits in Table 4 of this subpart using the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section. The owner or operator also may average POM emissions from anode bake furnaces and demonstrate compliance with the limits in Table 4 of this subpart using the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section. The owner or operator also may average PM emissions from anode bake furnaces and demonstrate compliance with the limits in Table 4 of this subpart using the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) Annual emissions of TF, POM and/or PM from a given number of anode bake furnaces making up each averaging group shall not exceed the applicable emission limit in Table 4 of this subpart in any one year; and
(2) To determine compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 4 of this subpart for anode bake furnaces, the owner or operator shall determine TF, POM and/or PM emissions from the control device for each anode bake furnace at least once each year using the procedures and methods in §§ 63.847 and 63.849.
(d) Implementation plan. The owner or operator shall develop and submit an implementation plan for emission averaging to the applicable regulatory authority for review and approval according to the following procedures and requirements:
(1) Deadlines. The owner or operator must submit the implementation plan no later than 6 months before the date that the facility intends to comply with the emission averaging limits.
(2) Contents. The owner or operator shall include the following information in the implementation plan or in the application for an operating permit for all emission sources to be included in an emissions average:
(i) The identification of all emission sources (potlines or anode bake furnaces) in the average;
(ii) The assigned TF, POM and/or PM emission limit for each averaging group of potlines and/or anode bake furnaces;
(iii) The specific control technologies or pollution prevention measures to be used for each emission source in the averaging group and the date of its installation or application. If the pollution prevention measures reduce or eliminate emissions from multiple sources, the owner or operator must identify each source;
(iv) The test plan for the measurement of TF, POM and/or PM emissions in accordance with the requirements in § 63.847(b);
(v) The operating parameters to be monitored for each control system or device and a description of how the operating limits will be determined;
(vi) If the owner or operator requests to monitor an alternative operating parameter pursuant to § 63.848(l):
(A) A description of the parameter(s) to be monitored and an explanation of the criteria used to select the parameter(s); and
(B) A description of the methods and procedures that will be used to demonstrate that the parameter indicates proper operation of the control device; the frequency and content of monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements; and a demonstration, to the satisfaction of the applicable regulatory authority, that the proposed monitoring frequency is sufficient to represent control device operating conditions; and
(vii) A demonstration that compliance with each of the applicable emission limit(s) will be achieved under representative operating conditions.
(3) Approval criteria. Upon receipt, the regulatory authority shall review and approve or disapprove the plan or permit application according to the following criteria:
(i) Whether the content of the plan includes all of the information specified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section; and
(ii) Whether the plan or permit application presents sufficient information to determine that compliance will be achieved and maintained.
(4) Prohibitions. The applicable regulatory authority shall not approve an implementation plan or permit application containing any of the following provisions:
(i) Any averaging between emissions of differing pollutants or between differing sources. Emission averaging shall not be allowed between TF, POM and/or PM, and emission averaging shall not be allowed between potlines and anode bake furnaces;
(ii) The inclusion of any emission source other than an existing potline or existing anode bake furnace or the inclusion of any potline or anode bake furnace not subject to the same operating permit; or
(iii) The inclusion of any potline or anode bake furnace while it is shut down, in the emission calculations.
(5) Term. Following review, the applicable regulatory authority shall approve the plan or permit application, request changes, or request additional information. Once the applicable regulatory authority receives any additional information requested, the applicable regulatory authority shall approve or disapprove the plan or permit application within 120 days.
(i) The applicable regulatory authority shall approve the plan for the term of the operating permit;
(ii) To revise the plan prior to the end of the permit term, the owner or operator shall submit a request to the applicable regulatory authority; and
(iii) The owner or operator may submit a request to the applicable regulatory authority to implement emission averaging after the applicable compliance date.
(6) Operation. While operating under an approved implementation plan, the owner or operator shall monitor the operating parameters of each control system, keep records, and submit periodic reports as required for each source subject to this subpart.
§ 63.847   Compliance provisions.
(a) Compliance dates. The owner operator of a primary aluminum reduction plant must comply with the requirements of this subpart by the applicable compliance date in paragraph (a)(1), (a)(2) or (a)(4) of this section:
(1) Except as noted in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the compliance date for an owner or operator of an existing plant or source subject to the provisions of this subpart is October 7, 1999.
(2) The compliance dates for existing plants and sources are:
(i) October 15, 2015 for the malfunction provisions of § 63.850(d)(2) and (e)(4)(xvi) and (xvii) and the electronic reporting provisions of § 63.850(b), (c) and (f) which became effective October 15, 2015.
(ii) October 17, 2016 for potline work practice standards in § 63.854 and COS emission limit provisions of § 63.843(e); for anode bake furnace startup practices in § 63.847(l) and PM emission limits in § 63.843(c)(3); for Soderberg potline PM and PCB emission limits in § 63.843(a)(3)(v) and (a)(6); and for paste production plant startup practices in § 63.847(m) and PM emission limits in § 63.843(b)(4) which became effective October 15, 2015.
(iii) October 16, 2017 for prebake potline POM emission limits in § 63.843(a)(2)(iv) through (vii); for Soderberg potline POM, As and Ni emission limits in §§ 63.843(a)(2)(iii), (a)(4) and (5); for prebake potline PM emission limits in § 63.843(a)(3); for anode bake furnace Hg emission limits in § 63.843(c)(4); and for the pitch storage tank POM limit provisions of § 63.843(d) which became effective October 15, 2015.
(3) [Reserved]
(4) Upon startup, for an owner or operator of a new or reconstructed source.
(5) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(6) and (7) of this section, a new affected source is one for which construction or reconstruction commenced after September 26, 1996.
(6) For the purposes of compliance with the emission standards for PM, a new affected potline, anode bake furnace or paste production plant is one for which construction or reconstruction commenced after December 8, 2014.
(7) For the purposes of compliance with the emission standards for POM and COS, a new affected prebake potline is one for which construction or reconstruction commenced after December 8, 2014.
(8) For the purposes of compliance with the emission standards for As, Ni and POM, a new affected Soderberg potline is one for which construction or reconstruction commenced after December 8, 2014.
(9) For the purposes of compliance with the emission standards for Hg, a new affected anode bake furnace is one for which construction or reconstruction commenced after December 8, 2014.
(b) Test plan. The owner or operator shall prepare a site-specific test plan prior to the initial performance test according to the requirements of § 63.7(c) of this part. The test plan must include procedures for conducting the initial performance test and for subsequent performance tests required in § 63.848 for emission monitoring. In addition to the information required by § 63.7, the test plan shall include:
(1) Procedures to ensure a minimum of three runs are performed annually for the primary control system for each source;
(2) For a source with a single control device exhausted through multiple stacks, procedures to ensure that at least three runs are performed annually by a representative sample of the stacks satisfactory to the applicable regulatory authority;
(3) For multiple control devices on a single source, procedures to ensure that at least one run is performed annually for each control device by a representative sample of the stacks satisfactory to the applicable regulatory authority;
(4) Procedures for sampling single stacks associated with multiple anode bake furnaces;
(5) For plants with roof scrubbers, procedures for rotating sampling among the scrubbers or other procedures to obtain representative samples as approved by the applicable regulatory authority;
(6) [Reserved]
(7) For a SWPB potline, procedures to ensure that the average of the sampling results for two fans (or two scrubbers) per potline is used for each run; and
(8) Procedures for establishing the frequency of testing to ensure that at least one run is performed before the 15th of the month, at least one run is performed after the 15th of the month, and that there are at least 6 days between two of the runs during the month, or that secondary emissions are measured according to an alternate schedule satisfactory to the applicable regulatory authority.
(c) Following approval of the site-specific test plan, the owner or operator must conduct a performance test to demonstrate initial compliance according to the procedures in paragraph (d) of this section. If a performance test has been conducted on the primary control system for potlines, the anode bake furnace, the paste production plant, or (if applicable) the pitch storage tank control device within the 12 months prior to the compliance date, the results of that performance test may be used to demonstrate initial compliance. The owner or operator must conduct the performance test:
(1) During the first month following the compliance date for an existing potline (or potroom group), anode bake furnace, paste production plant or pitch storage tank.
(2) By the date determined according to the requirements in paragraph (c)(2)(i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section for a new or reconstructed potline, anode bake furnace, or pitch storage tank (for which the owner or operator elects to conduct an initial performance test):
(i) By the 180th day following startup for a potline or potroom group. The 180-day period starts when the first pot in a potline or potroom group is energized.
(ii) By the 45th day from the start of the second anode bake cycle (but no later than the 180th day from the startup of the anode bake furnace).
(iii) By the 30th day following startup for a pitch storage tank. The 30-day period starts when the tank is first used to store pitch.
(iv) By the 30th day following startup of a paste production plant. The 30-day period starts when the paste production plant produces green anodes.
(3) By the date determined according to the requirements in paragraph (c)(3)(i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) of this section for an existing potline, anode bake furnace, paste production plant, or pitch storage tank that was shut down at the time compliance would have otherwise been required and is subsequently restarted:
(i) By the 180th day following startup for a potline or potroom group. The 180-day period starts when the first pot in a potline or potroom group is energized.
(ii) By the 45th day from the start of the second anode bake cycle (but no later than the 180th day from the startup of the anode bake furnace).
(iii) By the 30th day following startup of a paste production plant. The 30-day period starts when the paste production plant produces green anodes.
(iv) By the 30th day following startup for a pitch storage tank. The 30-day period starts when the tank is first used to store pitch.
(d) Performance test requirements. The initial performance test and all subsequent performance tests must be conducted in accordance with the applicable requirements of the general provisions in subpart A of this part, the approved test plan and the procedures in this section. Performance tests must be conducted under such conditions as the Administrator specifies to the owner or operator based on representative performance of the affected source for the period being tested. Upon request, the owner or operator must make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.
(1) TF, POM and PM emissions from potlines. For each potline, the owner or operator shall measure and record the emission rates of TF, POM and PM exiting the outlet of the primary control system and the rate of secondary emissions exiting through each roof monitor, or for a plant with roof scrubbers, exiting through the scrubbers. Using the equation in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the owner or operator shall compute and record the average of at least three runs semiannually for secondary emissions and at least three runs each year for the primary control system to determine compliance with the applicable emission limit. Compliance is demonstrated when the emission rates of TF, POM, and PM are equal to or less than the applicable emission limits in § 63.843, § 63.844, or § 63.846.
(2) [Reserved]
(3) Previous control device tests. If the owner or operator has performed more than one test of primary emission control device(s) for a potline or for a bake furnace during the previous consecutive 12 months, the average of all runs performed in the previous 12-month period shall be used to determine the contribution from the primary emission control system.
(4) TF, POM, PM and Hg emissions from anode bake furnaces. For each anode bake furnace, the owner or operator shall measure and record the emission rate of TF, POM, PM and Hg exiting the exhaust stacks(s) of the primary emission control system. In accordance with paragraphs (e)(3) and (4) of this section, the owner or operator shall compute and record the average of at least three runs each year to determine compliance with the applicable emission limits for TF, POM, PM and Hg. Compliance is demonstrated when the emission rates of TF, POM, PM and Hg are equal to or less than the applicable TF, POM, PM and Hg emission limits in § 63.843, § 63.844 or § 63.846.
(5) Nickel emissions from VSS2 Potlines and new Soderberg potlines. (i) For each VSS2 potline, and for each new Soderberg potline, the owner or operator must measure and record the emission rate of nickel exiting the primary emission control system and the rate of secondary emissions of nickel exiting through each roof monitor, or for a plant with roof scrubbers, exiting through the scrubbers. Using the equation in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the owner or operator must compute and record the average of at least three runs each year for secondary emissions and at least three runs each year for primary emissions.
(ii) Compliance is demonstrated when the emissions of nickel are equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in § 63.843(a)(4) or § 63.844(a)(4).
(6) Arsenic emissions from VSS2 Potlines and from new Soderberg potlines. (i) For each VSS2 potline, and for each new Soderberg potline, the owner or operator must measure and record the emission rate of arsenic exiting the primary emission control system and the rate of secondary emissions of arsenic exiting through each roof monitor, or for a plant with roof scrubbers, exiting through the scrubbers. Using the equation in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the owner or operator must compute and record the average of at least three runs each year for secondary emissions and at least three runs each year for primary emissions.
(ii) Compliance is demonstrated when the emissions of arsenic are equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in § 63.843(a)(5) or § 63.844(a)(5).
(7) PCB emissions from VSS2 Potlines and from new Soderberg potlines. (i) For each VSS2 potline, and for each new Soderberg potline, the owner or operator must measure and record the emission rate of PCB exiting the primary emission control system and the rate of secondary emissions of PCB exiting through each roof monitor, or for a plant with roof scrubbers, exiting through the scrubbers. Using the equation in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the owner or operator must compute and record the average of at least three runs each year for secondary emissions and at least three runs each year for primary emissions.
(ii) Compliance is demonstrated when the emissions of PCB are equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in § 63.843(a)(6) or § 63.844(a)(6).
(e) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the applicable TF, POM, PM, nickel, arsenic or PCB emission limits using the following equations and procedures:
(1) Compute the emission rate (E p ) of TF, POM, PM, nickel, arsenic or PCB from each potline using Equation 1:
(2) [Reserved]
(3) Compute the emission rate (E b ) of TF, POM or PM from each anode bake furnace using Equation 2,
(4) Compliance with the anode bake furnace Hg emission standard is demonstrated if the Hg concentration of the exhaust from the anode bake furnace control device is equal to or less than the applicable concentration standard in § 63.843(c)(4) or § 63.844(c)(4).
(5) Determine the weight of the aluminum tapped from the potline and the weight of the green anode material placed in the anode bake furnace using the monitoring devices required in § 63.848(j).
(6) Determine the aluminum production rate (P) by dividing the number of hours in the calendar month into the weight of aluminum tapped from the potline during the calendar month that includes the three runs of a performance test.
(7) Determine the rate of green anode material introduced into the furnace by dividing the number of operating hours in the calendar month into the weight of green anode material used during the calendar month in which the performance test was conducted.
(8) Compute the emission rate (E PMpp ) of PM from each paste production plant using Equation 3,
(f) Paste production plants. (1) Initial compliance with the POM standards for existing and new paste production plants in §§ 63.843(b) and 63.844(b) will be demonstrated through site inspection(s) and review of site records by the applicable regulatory authority.
(2) For each paste production plant, the owner or operator shall measure and record the emission rate of PM exiting the exhaust stacks(s) of the primary emission control system. Using the equation in paragraph (e)(8) of this section, the owner or operator shall compute and record the average of at least three runs each year to determine compliance with the applicable emission limits for PM. Compliance with the PM standards for existing and new paste production plants is demonstrated when the PM emission rates are less than or equal to the applicable PM emission limits in §§ 63.843(b)(4) and 63.844(b)(2).
(g) Pitch storage tanks. The owner or operator must demonstrate initial compliance with the standard for pitch storage tanks in §§ 63.843(d) and 63.844(d) by preparing a design evaluation or by conducting a performance test. The owner or operator must submit for approval by the regulatory authority the information specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section, along with the information specified in paragraph (g)(2) of this section where a design evaluation is performed or the information specified in paragraph (g)(3) of this section where a performance test is conducted.
(1) A description of the parameters to be monitored to ensure that the control device is being properly operated and maintained, an explanation of the criteria used for selection of that parameter (or parameters), and the frequency with which monitoring will be performed; and
(2) Where a design evaluation is performed, documentation demonstrating that the control device used achieves the required control efficiency during reasonably expected maximum filling rate. The documentation shall include a description of the gas stream that enters the control device, including flow and POM content under varying liquid level conditions, and the information specified in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) through (g)(2)(vi) of this section, as applicable.
(i) If the control device receives vapors, gases, or liquids, other than fuels, from emission points other than pitch storage tanks, the efficiency demonstration is to include consideration of all vapors, gases, and liquids, other than fuels, received by the control device;
(ii) If an enclosed combustion device with a minimum residence time of 0.5 seconds and a minimum temperature of 760 degrees C (1,400 degrees F) is used to meet the emission reduction requirement specified in § 63.843(d) and § 63.844(d), documentation that those conditions exist is sufficient to meet the requirements of § 63.843(d) and § 63.844(d);
(iii) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section, for thermal incinerators, the design evaluation shall include the autoignition temperature of the organic HAP, the flow rate of the organic HAP emission stream, the combustion temperature, and the residence time at the combustion temperature;
(iv) If the pitch storage tank is vented to the emission control system installed for control of emissions from the paste production plant pursuant to § 63.843(b) or § 63.844(b)(1), documentation of compliance with the requirements of § 63.843(b) is sufficient to meet the requirements of § 63.843(d) or § 63.844(d);
(v) For carbon adsorbers, the design evaluation shall include the affinity of the organic vapors for carbon, the amount of carbon in each bed, the number of beds, the humidity of the feed gases, the temperature of the feed gases, the flow rate of the organic HAP emission stream, and if applicable, the desorption schedule, the regeneration stream pressure or temperature, and the flow rate of the regeneration stream. For vacuum desorption, the pressure drop shall be included; and
(vi) For condensers, the design evaluation shall include the final temperature of the organic HAP vapors, the type of condenser, and the design flow rate of the organic HAP emission stream.
(3) If a performance test is conducted, the owner or operator shall determine the control efficiency for POM during tank loading using Method 315 in appendix A to this part. The owner or operator shall include the following information:
(i) Identification of the pitch storage tank and control device for which the performance test will be submitted; and
(ii) Identification of the emission point(s) that share the control device with the pitch storage tank and for which the performance test will be conducted.
(h) Selection of monitoring parameters. The owner or operator shall determine the operating limits and monitoring frequency for each control device that is to be monitored as required in § 63.848(f).
(1) For potlines and anode bake furnaces, the owner or operator shall determine upper and/or lower operating limits, as appropriate, for each monitoring device for the emission control system from the values recorded during each of the runs performed during the initial performance test and from historical data from previous performance tests conducted by the methods specified in this subpart.
(2) For a paste production plant, the owner or operator shall specify and provide the basis or rationale for selecting parameters to be monitored and the associated operating limits for the emission control device.
(3) The owner or operator may redetermine the upper and/or lower operating limits, as appropriate, based on historical data or other information and submit an application to the applicable regulatory authority to change the applicable limit(s). The redetermined limits shall become effective upon approval by the applicable regulatory authority.
(i) [Reserved]
(j) Carbonyl sulfide (COS) emissions. The owner operator must calculate, for each potline, the emission rate of COS for each calendar month of operation using Equation 4:
Compliance is demonstrated if the calculated value of E COS is less than the applicable standard for COS emissions in §§ 63.843(e) and 63.844(e).
(k) Startup of potlines. The owner or operator must develop a written startup plan as described in § 63.854(b) that contains specific procedures to be followed during startup periods of potline(s). Compliance with the applicable standards in § 63.854(b) will be demonstrated through site inspection(s) and review of site records by the regulatory authority.
(l) Startup of anode bake furnaces. The owner or operator must develop a written startup plan as described in paragraphs (l)(1) through (4) of this section, to be followed during startup periods of bake furnaces. Compliance with the startup plan will be demonstrated through site inspection(s) and review of site records by the regulatory authority. The written startup plan must contain specific procedures to be followed during startup periods of anode bake furnaces, including the following:
(1) A requirement to develop an anode bake furnace startup schedule.
(2) Records of time, date, duration of anode bake furnace startup and any nonroutine actions taken during startup of the furnaces.
(3) A requirement that the associated emission control system be operating within normal parametric limits prior to startup of the anode bake furnace.
(4) A requirement to take immediate actions to stop the startup process as soon as practicable and continue to comply with § 63.843(f) or § 63.844(f) if the associated emission control system is off line at any time during startup. The anode bake furnace restart may resume once the associated emission control system is back on line and operating within normal parametric limits.
(m) Startup of paste production plants. The owner or operator must develop a written startup plan as described in paragraphs (m)(1) through (3) of this section, to be followed during startup periods for paste production plants. Compliance with the startup plan will be demonstrated through site inspection(s) and review of site records by the regulatory authority. The written startup plan must contain specific procedures to be followed during startup periods of paste production plants, including the following:
(1) Records of time, date, duration of paste production plant startup and any nonroutine actions taken during startup of the paste production plants.
(2) A requirement that the associated emission control system be operating within normal parametric limits prior to startup of the paste production plant.
(3) A requirement to take immediate actions to stop the startup process as soon as practicable and continue to comply with § 63.843(f) or § 63.844(f) if the associated emission control system is off line at any time during startup. The paste production plant restart may resume once the associated emission control system is back on line and operating within normal parametric limits.
§ 63.848   Emission monitoring requirements.
(a) TF and PM emissions from potlines. Using the procedures in § 63.847 and in the approved test plan, the owner or operator shall monitor emissions of TF and PM from each potline by conducting annual performance tests on the primary control system and semiannual performance tests on the secondary emissions. The owner or operator shall compute and record the average semiannually from at least three runs for secondary emissions and the average from at least three runs for the primary control system to determine compliance with the applicable emission limit. The owner or operator must include all valid runs in the semiannual average. The duration of each run for secondary emissions must represent a complete operating cycle. Potline emissions shall be recorded as the sum of the average of at least three runs from the primary control system and the average of at least three runs from the roof monitor or secondary emissions control device.
(b) POM emissions from potlines. Using the procedures in § 63.847 and in the approved test plan, the owner or operator must monitor emissions of POM from each potline stack annually and secondary potline POM emissions semiannually. The owner or operator must compute and record the semiannual average from at least three runs for secondary emissions and at least three runs for the primary control systems to determine compliance with the applicable emission limit. The owner or operator must include all valid runs in the semiannual average. The duration of each run for secondary emissions must represent a complete operating cycle. The primary control system must be sampled over an 8-hour period, unless site-specific factors dictate an alternative sampling time subject to the approval of the regulatory authority. Potline emissions shall be recorded as the sum of the average of at least three runs from the primary control system and the average of at least three runs from the roof monitor or secondary emissions control device.
(c) TF, PM, Hg and POM emissions from anode bake furnaces. Using the procedures in § 63.847 and in the approved test plan, the owner or operator shall determine TF, PM, Hg and POM emissions from each anode bake furnace on an annual basis. The owner or operator shall compute and record the annual average of TF, PM, Hg and POM emissions from at least three runs to determine compliance with the applicable emission limits. A minimum of four dscm per run must be collected for monitoring of Hg emissions. The owner or operator must include all valid runs in the annual average.
(d) Similar potlines. As an alternative to semiannual monitoring of TF, POM or PM secondary emissions from each potline using the methods in § 63.849, the owner or operator may perform semiannual monitoring of TF, POM or PM secondary emissions from one potline using the test methods in § 63.849(a) or (b) to represent the performance of similar potline(s). The similar potline(s) must be monitored using an alternative method that meets the requirements of paragraphs (d)(1) through (7) of this section. Two or more potlines are similar if the owner or operator demonstrates that their structure, operability, type of emissions, volume of emissions and concentration of emissions are substantially equivalent.
(1) To demonstrate (to the satisfaction of the regulatory authority) that the level of emission control performance is the same or better, the owner or operator shall perform an emission test using an alternative monitoring procedure for the similar potline simultaneously with an emission test using the applicable test methods. The results of the emission test using the applicable test methods must be in compliance with the applicable emission limit for existing or new potlines in § 63.843 or § 63.844. An alternative method:
(i) For TF emissions, must account for or include gaseous fluoride and cannot be based on measurement of particulate matter or particulate fluoride alone; and
(ii) For TF, POM and PM emissions, must meet or exceed Method 14 criteria.
(2) An HF continuous emission monitoring system is an approved alternative for the monitoring of TF secondary emissions.
(3) An owner or operator electing to use an alternative monitoring procedure shall establish an alternative emission limit based on at least nine simultaneous runs using the applicable test methods and the alternative monitoring method. All runs must represent a full process cycle.
(4) The owner or operator shall derive an alternative emission limit for the HF continuous emission monitor or an alternative method using either of the following procedures:
(i) Use the highest value from the alternative method associated with a simultaneous run by the applicable test method that does not exceed the applicable emission limit; or
(ii) Correlate the results of the two methods (the applicable test method results and the alternative monitoring method results) and establish an emission limit for the alternative monitoring system that corresponds to the applicable emission limit.
(5) The owner or operator shall submit the results required in paragraph (d)(4) of this section and all supporting documentation to the applicable regulatory authority for review and approval.
(6) The regulatory authority shall review and approve or disapprove the request for an alternative method and alternative emission limit. The criterion for approval shall be a demonstration (to the satisfaction of the regulatory authority) that the alternative method and alternative emission limit achieve a level of emission control that is the same as or better than the level that would have otherwise been achieved by the applicable method and emission limit.
(7) If the alternative method is approved by the applicable regulatory authority, the owner or operator must perform semiannual emission monitoring using the approved alternative monitoring procedure to demonstrate compliance with the alternative emission limit for each similar potline.
(e) [Reserved]
(f) Monitoring parameters for emission control devices. The owner or operator shall install, operate, calibrate, and maintain a continuous parameter monitoring system for each emission control device. The owner or operator shall submit for approval by the regulatory authority a description of the parameter(s) to be monitored, the operating limits, and the monitoring frequency to ensure that the control device is being properly operated and maintained. An explanation of the criteria used for selection of the parameter(s), the operating limits, and the monitoring frequency, including how these relate to emission control also shall be submitted to the regulatory authority. Except as provided in paragraph (l) of this section, the following monitoring devices shall be installed:
(1) For dry alumina scrubbers, devices for the measurement of alumina flow and air flow;
(2) For dry coke scrubbers, devices for the measurement of coke flow and air flow;
(3) For wet scrubbers as the primary control system, devices for the measurement of water flow and air flow;
(4) For electrostatic precipitators, devices for the measurement of voltage and secondary current; and
(5) For wet roof scrubbers for secondary emission control:
(i) A device for the measurement of total water flow; and
(ii) The owner or operator shall inspect each control device at least once each operating day to ensure the control device is operating properly and record the results of each inspection.
(6) For emission sources control device exhaust streams for which the owner or operator chooses to demonstrate continuous compliance through bag leak detection systems you must install and operate a bag leak detection system according to the requirements in paragraph (o) of this section, and you must set your operating limit such that the sum of the durations of bag leak detection system alarms does not exceed 5 percent of the process operating time during a 6-month period.
(7) For emission sources control device exhaust streams for which the owner or operator chooses to demonstrate continuous compliance through a PM CEMS, you must install and operate a PM CEMS according to the requirements in paragraph (p) of this section. You must determine continuous compliance averaged on a rolling 30 operating day basis, updated at the end of each new operating day. All valid hours of data from 30 successive operating days shall be included in the arithmetic average. Compliance is demonstrated when the 30 operating day PM emissions are equal to or less than the applicable emission limits in § 63.843, § 63.844, or § 63.846.
(g) The owner or operator of a new or reconstructed affected source that is subject to a PM limit shall comply with the requirements of either paragraph (f)(6) or (7) of this section. The owner or operator of an existing affected source that is equipped with a control device and is subject to a PM limit shall:
(1) Install and operate a bag leak detection system in accordance with paragraph (f)(6) of this section; or
(2) Install and operate a PM CEMS in accordance with paragraph (f)(7) of this section; or
(3) Visually inspect the exhaust stack(s) of each fabric filter using Method 22 on a twice daily basis (at least 4 hours apart) for evidence of any visible emissions indicating abnormal operations and, must initiate corrective actions within 1 hour of a visible emissions inspection that indicates abnormal operation. Corrective actions shall include, at a minimum, isolating, shutting down and conducting an internal inspection of the baghouse compartment that is the source of the visible emissions that indicate abnormal operations.
(h) Corrective action. If a monitoring device for a primary control device measures an operating parameter outside the limit(s) established pursuant to § 63.847(h), if visible emissions indicating abnormal operation are observed from the exhaust stack of a control device during a daily inspection, or if a problem is detected during the daily inspection of a wet roof scrubber for potline secondary emission control, the owner or operator shall initiate corrective action procedures within 1 hour. Failure to initiate the corrective action procedures within 1 hour or to take the necessary corrective actions to remedy the problem is a violation.
(i) Exceedances. If the limit for a given operating parameter associated with monitoring a specific control device is exceeded six times in any semiannual reporting period, then any subsequent exceedance in that reporting period is a violation. For the purpose of determining the number of exceedances, no more than one exceedance shall be attributed in any given 24-hour period.
(j) Weight of aluminum and green anodes. The owner or operator of a new or existing potline or anode bake furnace shall install, operate, and maintain a monitoring device to determine the daily weight of aluminum produced and the weight of green anode material placed in the anode bake furnace. The weight of green anode material may be determined by monitoring the weight of all anodes or by monitoring the number of anodes placed in the furnace and determining an average weight from measurements of a representative sample of anodes.
(k) Accuracy and calibration. The owner or operator shall submit recommended accuracy requirements to the regulatory authority for review and approval. All monitoring devices required by this section must be certified by the owner or operator to meet the accuracy requirements and must be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
(l) Alternative operating parameters. The owner or operator may monitor alternative control device operating parameters subject to prior written approval by the applicable regulatory authority.
(m) Other control systems. An owner or operator using a control system not identified in this section shall request that the applicable regulatory authority include the recommended parameters for monitoring in the facility's part 70 permit.
(n) PM emissions from paste production plants. Using the procedures in § 63.847 and in the approved test plan, the owner or operator shall monitor PM emissions from each paste production plant on an annual basis. The owner or operator shall compute and record the annual average of PM emissions from at least three runs to determine compliance with the applicable emission limits. The owner or operator must include all valid runs in the annual average.
(o) Bag leak detection system. For each new affected source subject to a PM emissions limit, you must install, operate and maintain a bag leak detection system according to paragraphs (o)(1) through (3) of this section, unless a system meeting the requirements of paragraph (p) of this section, for a CEMS, is installed for monitoring the concentration of PM.
(1) You must develop and implement written procedures for control device maintenance that include, at a minimum, a preventative maintenance schedule that is consistent with the control device manufacturer's instructions for routine and long-term maintenance.
(2) Each bag leak detection system must meet the specifications and requirements in paragraphs (o)(2)(i) through (viii) of this section.
(i) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting PM emissions at concentrations of 1.0 milligram per dry standard cubic meter (0.00044 grains per actual cubic foot) or less.
(ii) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of relative PM loadings.
(iii) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm system that will alarm when an increase in relative particulate loadings is detected over a preset level.
(iv) You must install, calibrate, operate and maintain the bag leak detection system according to the manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations.
(v) The initial adjustment of the system must, at a minimum, consist of establishing the baseline output by adjusting the sensitivity (range) and the averaging period of the device and establishing the alarm set points and the alarm delay time.
(vi) Following initial adjustment, you must not adjust the sensitivity or range, averaging period, alarm set points, or alarm delay time, except in accordance with the procedures developed under paragraph (o)(1) of this section. You cannot increase the sensitivity by more than 100 percent or decrease the sensitivity by more than 50 percent over a 365-day period unless such adjustment follows a complete PM control device inspection that demonstrates that the PM control device is in good operating condition.
(vii) You must install the bag leak detector downstream of the PM control device.
(viii) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.
(3) You must include in the written procedures required by paragraph (o)(1) of this section a corrective action plan that specifies the procedures to be followed in the case of a bag leak detection system alarm. The corrective action plan must include, at a minimum, the procedures that you will use to determine and record the time and cause of the alarm as well as the corrective actions taken to minimize emissions as specified in paragraphs (o)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) The procedures used to determine the cause of the alarm must be initiated within 1 hour of the alarm.
(ii) The cause of the alarm must be alleviated by taking the necessary corrective action(s) that may include, but not be limited to, those listed in paragraphs (o)(3)(ii)(A) through (F) of this section.
(A) Inspecting the PM control device for air leaks, torn or broken filter elements, or any other malfunction that may cause an increase in emissions.
(B) Sealing off defective bags or filter media.
(C) Replacing defective bags or filter media, or otherwise repairing the control device.
(D) Sealing off a defective baghouse compartment.
(E) Cleaning the bag leak detection system probe, or otherwise repairing the bag leak detection system.
(F) Shutting down the process producing the particulate emissions.
(p) Particulate Matter CEMS. If you are using a CEMS to measure particulate matter emissions to meet requirements of this subpart, you must install, certify, operate and maintain the particulate matter CEMS as specified in paragraphs (p)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) You must conduct a performance evaluation of the PM CEMS according to the applicable requirements of § 60.13, and Performance Specification 11 at 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B of this chapter.
(2) During each PM correlation testing run of the CEMS required by Performance Specification 11 at 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B of this chapter, collect data concurrently by both the CEMS and by conducting performance tests using Method 5, 5D or 5I at 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A-3.
(3) Operate and maintain the CEMS in accordance with Procedure 2 at 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F of this chapter. Relative Response Audits must be performed annually and Response Correlation Audits must be performed every three years.
§ 63.849   Test methods and procedures.
(a) The owner or operator shall use the following reference methods to determine compliance with the applicable emission limits for TF, POM, PM, Ni, As, Hg, PCB and conduct visible emissions observations:
(1) Method 1 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter for sample and velocity traverses;
(2) Method 2 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter for velocity and volumetric flow rate;
(3) Method 3 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter for gas analysis;
(4) Method 13A or Method 13B in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter, or an approved alternative, for the concentration of TF where stack or duct emissions are sampled;
(5) Method 13A or Method 13B and Method 14 or Method 14A in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or an approved alternative method for the concentration of TF where emissions are sampled from roof monitors not employing wet roof scrubbers;
(6) Method 315 in appendix A to this part or an approved alternative method for the concentration of POM where stack or duct emissions are sampled;
(7) Method 315 in appendix A to this part and Method 14 or 14A in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or an approved alternative method for the concentration of POM where emissions are sampled from roof monitors not employing wet roof scrubbers. Method 315 need not be set up as required in the method. Instead, when using Method 14A, replace the Method 14A monitor cassette filter with the filter specified by Method 315. Recover and analyze the filter according to Method 315. When using Method 14, test at ambient conditions, do not heat the filter and probe, and do not analyze the back half of the sampling train;
(8) Method 5 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or an approved alternative method for the concentration of PM where stack or duct emissions are sampled;
(9) Method 17 and Method 14 or Method 14A in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or an approved alternative method for the concentration of PM where emissions are sampled from roof monitors not employing wet roof scrubbers. Method 17 need not be set up as required in the method. Instead, when using Method 14A, replace the Method 14A monitor cassette filter with the filter specified by Method 17. Recover and analyze the filter according to Method 17. When using Method 14, test at ambient conditions, do not heat the filter and probe, and do not analyze the back half of the sampling train;
(10) Method 29 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or an approved alternative method for the concentration of mercury, nickel and arsenic where stack or duct emissions are sampled;
(11) Method 29 and Method 14 or Method 14A in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or an approved alternative method for the concentration of nickel and arsenic where emissions are sampled from roof monitors not employing wet roof scrubbers. Method 29 need not be set up as required in the method. Instead, replace the Method 14A monitor cassette filter with the filter specified by Method 29. Recover and analyze the filter according to Method 29. When using Method 14, test at ambient conditions, do not heat the filter and probe, and do not analyze the back half of the sampling train;
(12) Method 22 in Appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or an approved alternative method for determination of visual emissions;
(13) Method 23 of Appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60 for the measurement of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) where stack or duct emissions are sampled; and
(14) Method 23 of Appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60 and Method 14 or Method 14A in Appendix A to Part 60 of this chapter or an approved alternative method for the concentration of PCB where emissions are sampled from roof monitors not employing wet roof scrubbers.
(b) The owner or operator of a VSS potline or a SWPB potline equipped with wet roof scrubbers for the control of secondary emissions shall use methods that meet the intent of the sampling requirements of Method 14 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter and that are approved by the State. Sample analysis shall be performed using Method 13A or Method 13B in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter for TF, Method 315 in appendix A to this part for POM, or an approved alternative method.
(c) Except as provided in § 63.845(g)(1), references to “potroom” or “potroom group” in Method 14 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter shall be interpreted as “potline” for the purposes of this subpart.
(d) For sampling using Method 14 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter, the owner or operator shall install one Method 14 manifold per potline in a potroom that is representative of the entire potline, and this manifold shall meet the installation requirements specified in section 2.2.1 of Method 14 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter.
(e) The owner or operator may use an alternative test method for TF or POM emissions providing:
(1) The owner or operator has already demonstrated the equivalency of the alternative method for a specific plant and has received previous approval from the Administrator or the applicable regulatory authority for TF or POM measurements using the alternative method; or
(2) The owner or operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the applicable regulatory authority that the results from the alternative method meet the criteria specified in §§ 63.848(d)(1) and (d)(3) through (d)(6). The results from the alternative method shall be based on simultaneous sampling using the alternative method and the following reference methods:
(i) For TF, Methods 13 and 14 or Method 14A in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter; or
(ii) For POM, Method 315 in appendix A to this part and Method 14 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter.
(f) The owner or operator must use either ASTM D4239-14e1 or ASTM D6376-10 (incorporated by reference; see § 63.14) for determination of the sulfur content in anode coke shipments to determine compliance with the applicable emission limit for COS emissions.
§ 63.850   Notification, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Notifications. The owner or operator shall submit the following written notifications:
(1) Notification for an area source that subsequently increases its emissions such that the source is a major source subject to the standard;
(2) Notification that a source is subject to the standard, where the initial startup is before the effective date of the standard;
(3) Notification that a source is subject to the standard, where the source is new or has been reconstructed, the initial startup is after the effective date of the standard, and for which an application for approval of construction or reconstruction is not required;
(4) Notification of intention to construct a new major source or reconstruct a major source; of the date construction or reconstruction commenced; of the anticipated date of startup; of the actual date of startup, where the initial startup of a new or reconstructed source occurs after the effective date of the standard, and for which an application for approval of construction or reconstruction is required [see §§ 63.9(b)(4) and (b)(5)];
(5) Notification of initial performance test;
(6) Notification of initial compliance status;
(7) One-time notification for each affected source of the intent to use an HF continuous emission monitor;
(8) Notification of compliance approach. The owner or operator shall develop and submit to the applicable regulatory authority, if requested, an engineering plan that describes the techniques that will be used to address the capture efficiency of the reduction cells for gaseous hazardous air pollutants in compliance with the emission limits in §§ 63.843, 63.844, and 63.846; and
(9) One-time notification of startup of an existing potline or potroom group, anode bake furnace, or paste production plant that was shut down for a long period and subsequently restarted. The owner or operator must provide written notice to the Administrator at least 30 days before the startup.
(b) Performance test reports . Within 60 days after the date of completing each performance test (as defined in § 63.2) required by this subpart, you must submit the results of the performance tests following the procedure specified in either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section.
(1) For data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site ( http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/index.html ) at the time of the test, you must submit the results of the performance test to the EPA via the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI). CEDRI can be accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) ( https://cdx.epa.gov/epa_home.asp ). Performance test data must be submitted in a file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT. Alternatively, you may submit performance test data in an electronic file format consistent with the extensible markup language (XML) schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site once the XML schema is available. If you claim that some of the performance test information being submitted is confidential business information (CBI), you must submit a complete file generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site, including information claimed to be CBI, on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage media to the EPA. The electronic media must be clearly marked as CBI and mailed to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same ERT or alternate file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph.
(2) For data collected using test methods that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site at the time of the test, you must submit the results of the performance test to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 63.13.
(3) For data collected which requires summation of results from both ERT and non-ERT supported test methods in order to demonstrate compliance with an emission limit, you must submit the results of the performance test(s) used to demonstrate compliance with that emission limit to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 63.13.
(c) Performance evaluation reports . Within 60 days after the date of completing each continuous emissions monitoring system performance evaluation (as defined in § 63.2), you must submit the results of the performance evaluation following the procedure specified in either paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this section.
(1) For performance evaluations of continuous monitoring systems measuring relative accuracy test audit (RATA) pollutants that are supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site at the time of the test, you must submit the results of the performance evaluation to the EPA via the CEDRI. (CEDRI can be accessed through the EPA's CDX.) Performance evaluation data must be submitted in a file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT. Alternatively, you may submit performance evaluation data in an electronic file format consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site once the XML schema is available. If you claim that some of the performance evaluation information being transmitted is CBI, you must submit a complete file generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site, including information claimed to be CBI, on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage media to the EPA. The electronic storage media must be clearly marked as CBI and mailed to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same ERT or alternate file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph.
(2) For any performance evaluations of continuous monitoring systems measuring RATA pollutants that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site at the time of the test, you must submit the results of the performance evaluation to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 63.13.
(d) Reporting . In addition to the information required under § 63.10 of the General Provisions, the owner or operator must provide semiannual reports containing the information specified in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section to the Administrator or designated authority.
(1) Excess emissions report. As required by § 63.10(e)(3), the owner or operator must submit a report (or a summary report) if measured emissions are in excess of the applicable standard. The report must contain the information specified in § 63.10(e)(3)(v) and be submitted semiannually unless quarterly reports are required as a result of excess emissions.
(2) If there was a malfunction during the reporting period, the owner or operator must submit a report that includes the number, duration and a brief description for each type of malfunction which occurred during the reporting period and which caused or may have caused any applicable emission limitation to be exceeded. The report must also include a description of actions taken by an owner or operator during a malfunction of an affected source to minimize emissions in accordance with §§ 63.843(f) and 63.844(f), including actions taken to correct a malfunction.
(e) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator shall maintain files of all information (including all reports and notifications) required by § 63.10(b) and by this subpart.
(1) The owner or operator must retain each record for at least 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record. The most recent 2 years of records must be retained at the facility. The remaining 3 years of records may be retained offsite;
(2) The owner or operator may retain records on microfilm, on a computer, on computer disks, on magnetic tape, or on microfiche;
(3) The owner or operator may report required information on paper or on a labeled computer disc using commonly available and compatible computer software; and
(4) In addition to the general records required by § 63.10(b), the owner or operator shall maintain records of the following information:
(i) Daily production rate of aluminum;
(ii) Daily production rate of green anode material placed in the anode bake furnace;
(iii) [Reserved]
(iv) Records of design information for paste production plant capture systems;
(v) Records of design information for an alternative emission control device for a paste production plant;
(vi) Records supporting the monitoring of similar potlines demonstrating that the performance of similar potlines is the same as or better than that of potlines sampled by manual methods;
(vii) Records supporting a request for reduced sampling of potlines;
(viii) Records supporting the correlation of emissions measured by a continuous emission monitoring system to emissions measured by manual methods and the derivation of the alternative emission limit derived from the measurements;
(ix) The current implementation plan for emission averaging and any subsequent amendments;
(x) Records, such as a checklist or the equivalent, demonstrating that the daily inspection of a potline with wet roof scrubbers for secondary emission control has been performed as required in § 63.848(f)(5)(ii), including the results of each inspection;
(xi) Records, such as a checklist or the equivalent, demonstrating that the daily visual inspection of the exhaust stack for each control device has been performed as required in § 63.848(g), including the results of each inspection;
(xii) For a potline equipped with an HF continuous emission monitor, records of information and data required by § 63.10(c);
(xiii) Records documenting the corrective actions taken when the limit(s) for an operating parameter established under § 63.847(h) were exceeded, when visible emissions indicating abnormal operation were observed from a control device stack during a daily inspection required under § 63.848(g), or when a problem was detected during the daily inspection of a wet roof scrubber for potline secondary control required in § 63.848(f)(5)(ii);
(xiv) Records documenting any POM data that are invalidated due to the installation and startup of a cathode;
(xv) Records documenting the portion of TF that is measured as particulate matter and the portion that is measured as gaseous when the particulate and gaseous fractions are quantified separately using an approved test method;
(xvi) Records of the occurrence and duration of each malfunction of operation ( i.e. process equipment) or the air pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment; and
(xvii) Records of actions taken during periods of malfunction to minimize emissions in accordance with §§ 63.843(f) and 63.844(f), including corrective actions to restore malfunctioning process and air pollution control and monitoring equipment to its normal or usual manner of operation.
(f) All reports required by this subpart not subject to the requirements in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section must be sent to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 63.13. If acceptable to both the Administrator and the owner or operator of a source, these reports may be submitted on electronic media. The Administrator retains the right to require submittal of reports subject to paragraph (b) of this section in paper format.
§ 63.851   Regulatory authority review procedures.
(a) The applicable regulatory authority shall notify the owner or operator in writing of the need for additional time to review the submissions in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section or of approval or intent to deny approval of the submissions in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section within 60 calendar days after receipt of sufficient information to evaluate the submission. The 60-day period begins after the owner or operator has been notified that the submission is complete.
(1) The test plan in § 63.847(b);
(2) Request to change limits for operating parameters in § 63.847(h)(3);
(3) Request for similar potline monitoring in § 63.848(d)(5);
(4) Request for reduced sampling frequency in § 63.848(e); and
(5) Request for an alternative method in § 63.849(e)(2).
(b) The applicable regulatory authority shall notify the owner or operator in writing whether the submission is complete within 30 calendar days of receipt of the original submission or within 30 days of receipt of any supplementary information that is submitted. When a submission is incomplete, the applicable regulatory authority shall specify the information needed to complete the submission and shall give the owner or operator 30 calendar days after receipt of the notification to provide the information.
§ 63.852   Applicability of general provisions.
The requirements of the general provisions in subpart A of this part that are not applicable to the owner or operator subject to the requirements of this subpart are shown in appendix A of this subpart.
§ 63.853   Implementation and enforcement.
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. EPA, or a delegated authority such as the applicable State, local, or Tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to a State, local, or Tribal agency, then that agency, in addition to the U.S. EPA, has the authority to implement and enforce this regulation. Contact the applicable U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to a State, local, or Tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or Tribal agency under subpart E of this part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are retained by the Administrator of U.S. EPA and cannot be transferred to the State, local, or Tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State, local, or Tribal agencies are as specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) Approval of alternatives to the requirements in §§ 63.840, 63.843 (with the exception of 63.843(b)(3)), 63.844, 63.845(a) introductory text, (a)(1), (b) through (e), (h), 63.846(a) through (c), and 63.847(a)(1) and (4).
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under § 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under § 63.8(f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting under § 63.10(f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
§ 63.854   Work practice standards for potlines.
(a) Periods of operation other than startup. If you own or operate a new or existing primary aluminum reduction affected source, you must comply with the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (8) of this section during periods of operation other than startup.
(1) Ensure the potline scrubbers and exhaust fans are operational at all times.
(2) Ensure that the primary capture and control system is operating at all times.
(3) Hood covers should be replaced as soon as possible after each potroom operation.
(4) Inspect potlines daily and perform the work practices specified in paragraphs (a)(4)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) Identify unstable pots as soon as practicable but in no case more than 12 hours from the time the pot became unstable;
(ii) Reduce cell temperatures to as low as practicable, and follow the written operating plan described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section if the cell temperature exceeds the specified high temperature limit; and
(iii) Reseal pot crusts that have been broken as often and as soon as practicable.
(5) Ensure that hood covers fit properly and are in good condition.
(6) If the exhaust system is equipped with an adjustable damper system, the hood exhaust rate for individual pots must be increased whenever hood covers are removed from a pot, provided that the exhaust system will not be overloaded by placing too many pots on high exhaust.
(7) Dust entrainment must be minimized during material handling operations and sweeping of the working aisles.
(8) Only tapping crucibles with functional aspirator air return systems (for returning gases under the collection hooding) can be used, unless the regulatory authority approves an alternative tapping crucible.
(b) Periods of startup. If you own or operate a new or existing primary aluminum reduction affected source, you must comply with the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through (8) and (b)(1) through (4) of this section during periods of startup for each affected potline.
(1) Develop a potline startup schedule before starting up the potline.
(2) Keep records of the number of pots started each day.
(3) Inspect potlines daily and adjust pot parameters to their optimum levels, as specified in the operating plan described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, including, but not limited to: alumina addition rate, exhaust air flow rate, cell voltage, feeding level, anode current and liquid and solid bath levels.
(4) Prepare a written operating plan to minimize emissions during startup to include, but not limited to, the requirements in (b)(1) through (3) of this section. The operating plan must include a specified high temperature limit for pots that will trigger corrective action.
§ 63.855   Alternative emissions limits for co-controlled new and existing anode bake furnaces.
(a) Applicability. The owner or operator of a new anode bake furnace meeting the criteria of paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section may demonstrate compliance with alternative TF and POM emission limits according to the procedures of this section.
(1) The new anode bake furnace must have been permitted to operate prior to May 1, 1998; and
(2) The new anode bake furnace must share a common control device with one or more existing anode bake furnaces.
(b) TF emission limit. (1) Prior to the date on which each TF emission test is required to be conducted, the owner or operator must determine the applicable TF emission limit using Equation 6-A,
(2) The owner or operator of a new anode bake furnace that is controlled by a control device that also controls emissions of TF from one or more existing anode bake furnaces must not discharge, or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere, any emissions of TF in excess of the emission limits established in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
(c) POM emission limits. (1) Prior to the date on which each POM emission test is required to be conducted, the owner or operator must determine the applicable POM emission limit using Equation 6-B,
L POMC = Combined emission limit for POM, lb/ton green anode material placed in the bake furnace.
(2) The owner or operator of a new anode bake furnace that is controlled by a control device that also controls emissions of POM from one or more existing anode bake furnaces must not discharge, or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere, any emissions of TF in excess of the emission limits established in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
§§ 63.856-63.859   [Reserved]
§ 63.860   Applicability and designation of affected source.
(a) The requirements of this subpart apply to the owner or operator of each kraft, soda, sulfite, or stand-alone semichemical pulp mill that is a major source of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) emissions as defined in § 63.2.
(b) Affected sources. The requirements of this subpart apply to each new or existing affected source listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (7) of this section:
(1) Each existing chemical recovery system (as defined in § 63.861) located at a kraft or soda pulp mill.
(2) Each new nondirect contact evaporator (NDCE) recovery furnace and associated smelt dissolving tank(s) located at a kraft or soda pulp mill.
(3) Each new direct contact evaporator (DCE) recovery furnace system (as defined in § 63.861) and associated smelt dissolving tank(s) located at a kraft or soda pulp mill.
(4) Each new lime kiln located at a kraft or soda pulp mill.
(5) Each new or existing sulfite combustion unit located at a sulfite pulp mill, except such existing units at Cosmo Specialty Fibers' Cosmopolis, Washington facility (Emission Unit no. AP-10).
(6) Each new or existing semichemical combustion unit located at a stand-alone semichemical pulp mill.
(7) The requirements of the alternative standard in § 63.862(d) apply to the hog fuel dryer at Cosmo Specialty Fibers' Cosmopolis, Washington facility (Emission Unit no. HD-14).
(c) The requirements of the General Provisions in subpart A of this part that apply to the owner or operator subject to the requirements of this subpart are identified in Table 1 to this subpart.
(d) At all times, the owner or operator must operate and maintain any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment, in a manner consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions. The general duty to minimize emissions does not require the owner or operator to make any further efforts to reduce emissions if levels required by the applicable standard have been achieved. Determination of whether a source is operating in compliance with operation and maintenance requirements will be based on information available to the Administrator which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, review of operation and maintenance procedures, review of operation and maintenance records, and inspection of the source.