Title 40—Protection of Environment--Volume 1
PART 1066—VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES
§ 1066.835   Exhaust emission test procedure for SC03 emissions.
This section describes how to test using the SC03 driving schedule (see § 1066.801). This procedure is designed to determine gaseous exhaust emissions while simulating an urban trip on a hot summer day. The provisions of 40 CFR part 86 and 40 CFR part 600 waive SC03 testing for some vehicles; in those cases, calculate SFTP composite emissions by adjusting the weighting calculation as specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S.
(a) Drain and refill the vehicle's fuel tank(s) if testing starts more than 72 hours after the most recent FTP or HFET measurement (with or without evaporative emission measurements).
(b) Keep the vehicle in an environment meeting the conditions described in paragraph (f) of this section throughout the preconditioning sequence.
(c) Warm up the vehicle to a stabilized condition as follows:
(1) Push or drive the test vehicle onto the dynamometer.
(2) Close the vehicle's windows before testing.
(3) The test cell and equipment must meet the specifications in paragraph (e) of this section. Measure and control ambient conditions as specified in paragraph (f) of this section.
(4) Set the vehicle's air conditioning controls by selecting A/C mode and “maximum”, setting airflow to “recirculate” (if so equipped), selecting the highest fan setting, and turning the A/C temperature to full cold (or 72 °F for automatic systems). Turn the control to the “on” position before testing so the air conditioning system is active whenever the engine is running.
(5) Perform a preconditioning drive by operating the test vehicle one time over the first 505 seconds of the UDDS (bag 1), the last 867 seconds of the UDDS (bag 2), or the SC03 driving schedule. If the air conditioning test sequence starts more than 2 hours after a different exhaust emission test, you may instead operate the vehicle one time over the full UDDS.
(6) Following the preconditioning drive, turn off the test vehicle and the vehicle cooling fan(s) and allow the vehicle to soak for (9 to 11) minutes.
(d) Follow the exhaust emission measurement procedures specified in §§ 1066.410 through 1066.425, subject to the following exceptions and additional provisions:
(1) Place the vehicle in gear 15 seconds after engine starting, which is 3 seconds before the first acceleration. Follow the SC03 driving schedule.
(2) Turn the engine off 2 seconds after the end of the last deceleration. Five seconds after the engine stops running, stop all sampling and recording, including background sampling. Stop any integrating devices any indicate the end of the test cycle in the recorded data. Note that the 5 second delay is intended to account for sampling system transport.
(3) Correct calculated NO X emissions as described in § 1066.615(a)(2).
(e) The following requirements apply for the test cell and cooling fan configuration:
(1) Minimum test cell size. The test cell must be at least 20 feet wide, 40 feet long, and 10 feet high, unless we approve the use of a smaller test cell. We will approve this only if you demonstrate that the smaller test cell is capable of meeting all the requirements of this section.
(2) Vehicle frontal air flow. Verify that the fan configuration meets the requirements of § 1066.105(c)(5).
(f) Maintain ambient conditions as follows:
(1) Ambient temperature and humidity. Measure and record ambient temperature and humidity in the test cell at least once every 30 seconds during the sampling period. Alternatively, if you collect data of at least once every 12 seconds, you may use a moving average of up to 30 second intervals to measure and record ambient temperature and humidity. Control ambient temperature throughout the test sequence to (35.0 ± 3.0) °C. Control ambient temperature during emission sampling to (33.6 to 36.4) °C on average. Control ambient humidity during emission sampling as described in § 1066.420(d).
(2) Conditions before testing. Use good engineering judgment to demonstrate that you meet the specified temperature and humidity tolerances in paragraph (f)(1) of this section during the preconditioning cycle and during the vehicle soak period in paragraph (c)(6) of this section.
(3) Solar heat load. Simulate solar heating as follows:
(i) You may use a metal halide lamp, a sodium lamp, or a quartz halogen lamp with dichroic mirrors as a radiant energy emitter. We may also approve the use of a different type of radiant energy emitter if you demonstrate that it meets the requirements of this section.
(ii) We recommend achieving radiant heating with spectral distribution characteristics as described in the following table:
Table 1 of § 1066.835—Recommended Spectral Distribution
a Note that you may need to filter the UV region between 280 and 320 nm.
(iii) Determine radiant energy intensity experienced by the vehicle as the average value between two measurements along the vehicle's centerline, one at the base of the windshield and the other at the bottom of the rear window (or equivalent location for vehicles without a rear window). This value must be (850 ± 45) W/m 2 . Instruments for measuring radiant energy intensity must meet the following minimum specifications:
(A) Sensitivity of 9 microvolts per W/m 2 .
(B) Response time of 5 seconds. For purposes of this requirement, “response time” means the time for the instrument to reach 95 percent of its equilibrium response after a step change in radiant intensity.
(C) Cosine response error of no more than ±1% for 0-70 degree zenith angles. The cosine response error is the percentage difference between the intensity measured at a given angle and a reference value, where the reference value is the intensity predicted from the zero-degree intensity and the cosine of the incident angle.
(D) When comparing measured values for radiant energy to reference values, each measured value over the full range of measurement may not deviate from the corresponding reference value by more than ±0.5% of the analyzer range's maximum value.
(iv) Check the uniformity of radiant energy intensity at least every 500 hours of emitter usage or every 6 months, whichever is sooner, and after any major modifications affecting the solar simulation. Determine uniformity by measuring radiant energy intensity using instruments that meet the specifications described in paragraph (f)(3)(iii) of this section at each point of a 0.5 m grid over the vehicle's full footprint, including the edges of the footprint, at an elevation 1 m above the floor. Measured values of radiant energy intensity must be between (722 and 978) W/m 2 at all points.
§ 1066.840   Highway fuel economy test procedure.
This section describes the procedure for the highway fuel economy test (HFET). This test involves emission sampling and fuel economy measurement for certain vehicles as described in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, and in 40 CFR part 600. See § 1066.801 for further information on the driving schedules. Follow the exhaust emission measurement procedures specified in §§ 1066.410 through 1066.425, subject to the following exceptions and additional provisions:
(a) Perform the HFET immediately following the FTP when this is practical. If the HFET procedure starts more than 3 hours after an FTP (including evaporative emission measurements, if applicable), operate it over one UDDS to precondition the vehicle. We may approve additional preconditioning in unusual circumstances.
(b) Operate the vehicle over the HFET driving schedule for preconditioning. Allow the vehicle to idle for 15 seconds (with the vehicle in gear), then start a repeat run of the HFET driving schedule and simultaneously start sampling and recording.
(c) Turn the engine off at the end of the HFET driving schedule and stop all sampling and recording, including background. Stop any integrating devices and indicate the end of the test cycle in the recorded data.
§ 1066.845   AC17 air conditioning efficiency test procedure.
(a) Overview. This section describes a voluntary procedure for measuring the net impact of air conditioner operation on CO 2 emissions. See 40 CFR 86.1868 for provisions describing how to use these procedures to calculate credits and otherwise comply with emission standards.
(b) Test cell. Operate the vehicle in a test cell meeting the specifications described in § 1066.835(e). You may add airflow up to a maximum of 4 miles per hour during engine idling and when the engine is off if that is needed to meet ambient temperature or humidity requirements.
(c) Ambient conditions. Measure and control ambient conditions as specified in § 1066.835(f), except that you must control ambient temperature during emission sampling to (22.0 to 28.0) °C throughout the test and (23.5 to 26.5) °C on average. These tolerances apply to the combined SC03 and HFET drive cycles during emission sampling. Note that you must set the same ambient temperature target for both the air conditioning on and off portions of emission sampling. Control ambient temperature during the preconditioning cycle and 30 minute soak to (25.0 ± 5.0) °C. For these same modes with no emission sampling, target the specified ambient humidity levels, but you do not need to meet the humidity tolerances. Note that solar heating is disabled for certain test intervals as described in this section.
(d) Interior air temperature measurement. Measure and record the vehicle's interior air temperature at least once every 5 seconds during the sampling period. Measure temperature at the outlet of the center-most duct on the dashboard, and approximately 30 mm behind the driver's headrest and passenger's headrest.
(e) Air conditioning system settings. For testing that requires the air conditioning to be operating, set the vehicle's air conditioning controls as follows:
(1) For automatic systems, set the temperature control to 72 °F (22 °C).
(2) For manual systems, select A/C mode, set the temperature to full cold and “maximum”, set airflow to “recirculate” (if so equipped), and select the highest fan setting. During the first idle period of the SC03 driving schedule (between 186 and 204 seconds), reduce the fan speed setting to nominally 50% of maximum fan speed, set airflow to “fresh air” (if so equipped), and adjust the temperature setting to target a temperature of 55 °F (13 °C) at the dashboard air outlet. Maintain these settings for the remainder of the test. You may rely on prior temperature measurements to determine the temperature setting; however, if the system is unable to meet the 55 °F (13 °C) target, you may instead set airflow to “fresh air” and temperature to full cold. If the vehicle is equipped with technology that defaults to recirculated air at ambient temperatures above 75 °F (22 °C), that technology should remain enabled throughout the test; this may mean not setting the airflow to “recirculate” at the start and not setting the airflow to “fresh air” during the first idle period of the SC03 driving schedule. Except as specified in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, use good engineering judgment to apply the settings described in this paragraph (e)(2) equally throughout the vehicle if there are separate controls for different zones (such as rear air conditioning).
(3) If the air conditioning system is designed with parameters that switch back to a default setting at key-off, perform testing in that default condition. If the air conditioning system includes any optional equipment or user controls not addressed in this paragraph (e), the manufacturer should ask us for preliminary approval to determine the appropriate settings for testing.
(f) Test procedure. Follow the exhaust emission measurement procedures specified in §§ 1066.410 through 1066.425, subject to the following exceptions and additional provisions:
(1) Prepare each test vehicle for a series of tests according to 40 CFR 86.132-00(a) through (g). If the vehicle has been tested within the last 36 hours concluding with a 12 to 36 hour soak, continue to paragraph (f)(2) of this section; otherwise perform an additional UDDS preconditioning cycle that concludes with a 12 to 36 hour soak. You may use a forced cooldown system to bring critical vehicle temperatures to within soak temperature limits. Critical temperatures include transmission oil, engine oil, engine coolant, and cabin air temperatures.
(2) Open the vehicle's windows and operate the vehicle over a preconditioning UDDS with no solar heating and with the air conditioning off. At the end of the preconditioning drive, turn off the test vehicle and all cooling fans.
(3) Turn on solar heating within one minute after turning off the engine. Once the solar energy intensity reaches 805 W/m 2 , let the vehicle soak for (30 ± 1) minutes. You may alternatively rely on prior measurements to start the soak period after a defined period of warming up to the specified solar heat load. Close the vehicle's windows at the start of the soak period; ensure that the windows are adequately closed where instrumentation and wiring pass through to the interior.
(4) Turn the air conditioning control to the “on” position before testing so the air conditioning system is active whenever the engine is running. Place the vehicle in gear 15 seconds after engine starting, which is 3 seconds before the first acceleration. At the end of the driving schedule, simultaneously switch all the sampling, recording, and integrating from SC03 to HFET, including background sampling. Indicate the end of the test cycle in the recorded data. Record the measured dynamometer roll revolutions corresponding to the SC03 driving schedule.
(5) Directly following the SC03 driving schedule, operate the vehicle over the HFET driving schedule. Turn the vehicle off at the end of the driving schedule and simultaneously stop all sampling, recording, and integrating, including background sampling. Indicate the end of the test cycle in the recorded data. Record the measured dynamometer roll revolutions corresponding to the HFET drive schedule. Turn off the solar heating.
(6) Allow the vehicle to remain on the dynamometer for (10 to 15) minutes after emission sampling has concluded. Repeat the testing described in paragraphs (f)(1) through (5) of this section and turn off the vehicle's air conditioner and the solar heating throughout the test run. The windows may be open or closed.
(g) Calculations. (1) Determine the mass of CO 2 emissions for each of the two test intervals as described in § 1066.605.
(2) Calculate separate composite mass-weighted emissions of CO 2 , e CO2-AC17compAC[status] , representing the average of the SC03 and HFET emissions, in grams per mile for operation with the vehicle's air conditioner and the solar heating on and off using the following equation:
(3) Calculate the incremental CO 2 emissions due to air conditioning operation by subtracting the composite mass-weighted emissions of CO 2 with the vehicle's air conditioner and the solar heating on, e CO2-AC17compACon, from the composite mass-weighted emissions of CO 2 with the vehicle's air conditioner and the solar heating off, e CO2-AC17compACoff.
(h) Record information for each test as specified in § 1066.695. Emission results and the results of all calculations must be reported for each phase of the test. The manufacturer must also report the following information for each vehicle tested: interior volume, climate control system type and characteristics, refrigerant used, compressor type, and evaporator/condenser characteristics.
§ 1066.901   Applicability and general provisions.
This subpart describes how to measure evaporative and refueling emissions from test vehicles. The provisions of §§ 1066.910 through 1066.930 include general provisions for equipment and calculations related to evaporative and refueling emissions. The provisions of §§ 1066.950 through 1066.985 describe provisions that apply specifically to motor vehicles subject to standards under 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, or 40 CFR part 1037.
§ 1066.910   SHED enclosure specifications.
Enclosures for evaporative and refueling emissions must meet the specifications described in 40 CFR 86.106-96, 86.107-96(a), and 86.107-98(a).
§ 1066.915   Enclosures; auxiliary systems and equipment.
Enclosures for evaporative and refueling emissions must be equipped with fans, blowers, and measurement and data recording equipment as described in 40 CFR 86.107-98(b) through (h) and (j).
§ 1066.920   Enclosure calibrations.
Enclosures for evaporative and refueling emissions must meet the calibration specifications described in 40 CFR 86.116-94 and 86.117-96.
§ 1066.925   Enclosure calculations for evaporative and refueling emissions.
Calculate emissions for evaporative emissions as described in 40 CFR 86.143-96. Calculate emissions for refueling emissions as described in 40 CFR 86.143-96 and 86.156-98.
§ 1066.930   Equipment for point-source measurement of running losses.
For point-source measurement of running loss emissions, use equipment meeting the specifications in 40 CFR 86.107-96(i).
§ 1066.950   Fuel temperature profile.
Develop fuel temperature profiles for running loss testing as described in 40 CFR 86.129-94(d).
§ 1066.955   Diurnal emission test.
Test vehicles for diurnal emissions as described in 40 CFR 86.133-96.
§ 1066.960   Running loss test.
Test vehicles for running loss emissions as described in 40 CFR 86.134-96.
§ 1066.965   Hot soak test.
Test vehicles for hot soak emissions as described in 40 CFR 86.138-96.
§ 1066.970   Refueling test for liquid fuels.
Except as described in § 1066.975, test vehicles for refueling emissions as described in 40 CFR 86.150-98, 86.151-98, 86.152-98, and 86.154-98. Keep records as described in 40 CFR 86.155-98.
§ 1066.971   Vehicle and canister preconditioning for the refueling test.
Precondition vehicles for the refueling emission test as described in 40 CFR 86.153-98.
§ 1066.975   Refueling test for LPG.
For vehicles designed to operate on liquefied petroleum gas, measure refueling emissions as described in 40 CFR 86.157-98.
§ 1066.980   Fuel dispensing spitback procedure.
Test vehicles for spitback emissions as described in 40 CFR 86.146-96.
§ 1066.985   Fuel storage system leak test procedure.
(a) Scope. Perform this test as required in the standard-setting part to verify that there are no significant leaks in your fuel storage system.
(b) Measurement principles. Leaks are detected by measuring pressure, temperature, and flow to calculate an equivalent orifice diameter for the system. Use good engineering judgment to develop and implement leak test equipment. You may not tighten fittings or connections in the vehicle's fuel system to prepare the vehicle for testing.
(c) Measurement equipment. Your leak test equipment must meet the following requirements:
(1) Pressure, temperature, and flow sensors must be calibrated with NIST-traceable standards.
(2) Correct flow measurements to standard reference conditions.
(3) Leak test equipment must have the ability to pressurize fuel storage systems to at least 4.1 kPa and have an internal leak rate of less than 0.20 standard liters per minute.
(4) You must be able to attach the test equipment to the vehicle without permanent alteration of the fuel storage or evaporative emission control systems. For any testing that involves pressurizing the fuel system and detecting leaks at access points away from the fuel fill pipe, the gas cap must be installed in the production configuration. For the test point at or near the fuel fill pipe, attaching the test equipment may involve adding an extension to the fuel fill pipe that incorporates the access point to the fuel system. If the extension apparatus has a fixed cap, the vehicle's gas cap must be tested separately as described in paragraph (d)(9) of this section. This separate testing is not required if the extension apparatus incorporates the vehicle's gas cap.
(5) The point of attachment to the fuel storage system must allow pressurization to test system integrity of the fuel tank and of fuel lines and vapor lines reaching up to and including the gas cap and the evaporative canister. The evaporative system test port available on some vehicles is an example of an effective attachment point.
(d) Leak test procedure. Test a vehicle's fuel storage system for leaks as follows:
(1) Refuel vehicle to 40% of its nominal fuel tank capacity.
(2) Soak the vehicle for 6 to 24 hours at a temperature between (20 and 30) °C; record this setpoint temperature and maintain temperatures throughout the leak test at this setpoint temperature within a tolerance ±2 °C.
(3) Before performing the test, purge the fuel storage system of any residual pressure, bringing the system into equilibrium with ambient pressure.
(4) Seal the evaporative canister's vent to atmosphere and ensure that the vehicle's purge valve is closed.
(5) Attach the leak test equipment to the vehicle.
(6) Pressurize the fuel storage system with N 2 or another inert gas 9392..........................to at least 2.4 kPa. Use good engineering judgment to avoid overpressurizing the system.
(7) Maintain gas flow through the system for at least 180 seconds, ensuring that the flow reading is stable for an effective leak diameter of ±0.002 inches.
(8) Use the following equation, or a different equation you develop based on good engineering judgment, to calculate the effective leak diameter, d eff :

(9) Repeat the test described in this paragraph (d) for each access point described in the application for certification. Use each test result (without averaging) to determine whether the vehicle passes the leak standard.
(10) Gas caps may need to be tested separately for leaks as described in paragraph (c)(4) of this section. Test the gas caps using commercially available flow equipment such as that used for inspection-and-maintenance programs for motor vehicles to determine a leak rate in cubic centimeters per minute resulting from a sustained tank pressure of 7.5 kPa. Correct the leak rate to standard reference conditions, based on the measured leak rate corresponding to atmospheric pressure. The corrected leak value may not exceed 60 cubic centimeters per minute.
(11) You may use special or alternative test procedures as described in 40 CFR 1065.10(c).
(e) Equipment calibration. Use good engineering judgment to calibrate the leak check device.
§ 1066.1001   Definitions.
The definitions in this section apply to this part. The definitions apply to all subparts unless we note otherwise. Other terms have the meaning given in 40 CFR part 1065. The definitions follow:
Average means the arithmetic mean of a sample.
Bag 1 means relating to the first 505 seconds of the FTP cold-start test interval. Note that the term bag 1 may also apply to measurement of constituents that are not collected in a bag, such as PM and continuously measured THC.
Bag 2 means relating to the last 867 seconds of the FTP cold-start test interval.
Bag 3 means relating to the first 505 seconds of the FTP hot-start test interval.
Bag 4 means relating to the last 867 seconds of the FTP hot-start test interval, if run. Note that bag 2 is generally used in place of bag 4.
Base inertia means a value expressed in mass units to represent the rotational inertia of the rotating dynamometer components between the vehicle driving tires and the dynamometer torque-measuring device, as specified in § 1066.250.
C 1 - equivalent means a convention of expressing HC concentrations based on the total number of carbon atoms present, such that the C 1 -equivalent of an HC concentration equals the concentration multiplied by the mean number of carbon atoms in each HC molecule. For example, the C 1 -equivalent of 10 ppm of propane (C 3 H 8 ) is 30 ppm. C 1 -equivalent concentration values may be denoted as “ppmC” in the standard-setting part. Densities may also be expressed on a C 1 basis. Note that calculating HC masses from concentrations and densities is only valid where they are each expressed on the same carbon basis.
Charge-depleting means relating to the test interval of a plug-in hybrid engine or powertrain in which the engine or powertrain consumes electric energy from the RESS that has been charged from an external power source until the RESS is depleted to the point that a test interval qualifies as charge-sustaining. The engine might consume fuel to produce power during a charge-depleting test interval.
Charge-sustaining means relating to the test interval of a plug-in hybrid engine or powertrain in which the engine or powertrain consumes fuel to produce power such that the battery's net-energy change meets the end-of-test criterion of SAE J1711 or SAE J2711, as applicable (incorporated by reference in § 1066.1010).
Driving schedule means a series of vehicle speeds that a vehicle must follow during a test. Driving schedules are specified in the standard-setting part. A driving schedule may consist of multiple test intervals.
Duty cycle means a set of weighting factors and the corresponding test cycles, where the weighting factors are used to combine the results of multiple test intervals into a composite result.
FTP means one of the following:
(1) The test cycle consisting of one UDDS as specified in paragraph (a) of Appendix I of 40 CFR part 86, followed by a 10-minute soak with the engine off and repeat driving through the first 505 seconds of the UDDS. See § 1066.801(c)(1).
(2) The entire test procedure for measuring exhaust and/or evaporative emissions as described in § 1066.801(c).
Footprint has the meaning given in the standard-setting part.
HFET means the test cycle specified in Appendix I of 40 CFR part 600.
Hot LA-92 means the first 1435 seconds of the LA-92 driving schedule.
LA-92 means the test cycle specified in Appendix I, paragraph (c), of 40 CFR part 86.
Nonmethane organic gas (NMOG) means the combination of organic gases other than methane as calculated in § 1066.635. Note that for this part, the organic gases are summed on a mass basis without any adjustment for photochemical reactivity.
Parts-per-million (ppm) means ppm on a molar basis. For hydrocarbon concentrations including HC, THC, NMHC, and NMOG, ppm means ppm on a C 1 -equivalent molar basis.
Road-load coefficients means sets of A, B, and C road-load force coefficients that are used in the dynamometer road-load simulation, where road-load force at speed v equals A + B · v + C · v 2 .
SC03 means the test cycle specified in Appendix I, paragraph (h), of 40 CFR part 86.
Standard reference conditions means the following:
(1) Standard pressure is 101.325 kPa.
(2) Standard temperature is 293.15 K.
Supplemental FTP (SFTP) means the collection of test cycles as given in § 1066.830.
Test interval means a period over which a vehicle's emission rates are determined separately. For many standards, compliance with the standard is based on a weighted average of the mass emissions from multiple test intervals. For example, the standard-setting part may specify a complete duty cycle as a cold-start test interval and a hot-start test interval. In cases where multiple test intervals occur over a duty cycle, the standard-setting part may specify additional calculations that weight and combine results to arrive at composite values for comparison against the applicable standards in this chapter.
Test weight has the meaning given in §§ 1066.410(b) or 1066.805.
UDDS means the test cycle specified in Appendix I, paragraph (a), of 40 CFR part 86.
US06 means the test cycle specified in Appendix I, paragraph (g), of 40 CFR part 86.
Unloaded coastdown means a dynamometer coastdown run with the vehicle wheels removed from the roll surface.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and any authorized representatives.
§ 1066.1005   Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure.
The procedures in this part generally follow either the International System of Units (SI) or the United States customary units, as detailed in NIST Special Publication 811, which we incorporate by reference in § 1066.1010. See 40 CFR 1065.20 for specific provisions related to these conventions. This section summarizes the way we use symbols, units of measure, and other abbreviations.
(a) Symbols for quantities. This part uses the following symbols and units of measure for various quantities:
Table 1 of § 1066.1005—Symbols for Quantities
(b) Symbols for chemical species. This part uses the following symbols for chemical species and exhaust constituents:
Table 2 to Paragraph ( b ) of § 1066.1005—Symbols for Chemical Species and Exhaust Constituents
(c) Superscripts. This part uses the following superscripts for modifying quantity symbols:
Table 3 of § 1066.1005—Superscripts
(d) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts for modifying quantity symbols:
Table 4 of § 1066.1005—Subscripts
(d) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts to define a quantity:
(e) Other acronyms and abbreviations. This part uses the following additional abbreviations and acronyms:
Table 5 of § 1066.1005—Other Acronyms and Abbreviations
(f) Densities of chemical species . This part uses the following densities of chemical species:
Table 6 of § 1066.1005—Densities of Chemical Species
a Densities are given at 20 °C and 101.325 kPa.
b Densities for all hydrocarbon containing quantities are given in g/m 3 -carbon atom and g/ft 3 -carbon atom.
c The effective density for natural gas fuel and liquefied petroleum gas fuel are defined by an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, α, of the hydrocarbon components of the test fuel. ρ HCgas = 41.57·(12.011 + (α·1.008)).
d The effective density for gasoline and diesel fuel are defined by an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, α, of 1.85.
e The effective density of NO X is defined by the molar mass of nitrogen dioxide, NO 2 .
(g) Constants. (1) This part uses the following constants for the composition of dry air:
Table 7 to Paragraph ( g )(1) of § 1066.1005—Constants for the Composition of Dry Air
(2) This part uses the following molar masses or effective molar masses of chemical species:
Table 8 to Paragraph ( g )(2) of § 1066.1005—Molar Masses or Effective Molar Masses of Chemical Species
1 See paragraph (g)(1) of this section for the composition of dry air.
(3) This part uses the following molar gas constant for ideal gases:
Table 9 to Paragraph ( g )(3) of § 1066.1005—Molar Gas Constant for Ideal Gases
(h) Prefixes. This part uses the following prefixes to define a quantity:
Table 10 to Paragraph ( h ) of § 1066.1005—Prefixes to Define a Quantity
§ 1066.1010   Incorporation by reference.
Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, EPA must publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at EPA and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact EPA at: U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20004; www.epa.gov/dockets ; (202) 202-1744. For information on inspecting this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html or email fr.inspection@nara.gov . The material may be obtained from the following sources:
(a) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070; (301) 975-6478; www.nist.gov .
(1) NIST Special Publication 811, 2008 Edition, Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI), Physics Laboratory, March 2008; IBR approved for §§ 1066.20(a); 1066.1005.
(2) [Reserved]
(b) SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001; (877) 606-7323 (U.S. and Canada) or (724) 776-4970 (outside the U.S. and Canada); www.sae.org .
(1) SAE J1263 MAR2010, Road Load Measurement and Dynamometer Simulation Using Coastdown Techniques, Revised March 2010, (“SAE J1263”); IBR approved for §§ 1066.301(b); 1066.305(a); 1066.310(b).
(2) SAE J1634 JUL2017, Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test Procedure, Revised July 2017, (“SAE J1634”); IBR approved for § 1066.501(a).
(3) SAE J1711 FEB2023, Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles; Revised February 2023, (“SAE J1711”); IBR approved for §§ 1066.501(a); 1066.1001.
(4) SAE J2263 DEC2008, Road Load Measurement Using Onboard Anemometry and Coastdown Techniques, Revised December 2008; IBR approved for §§ 1066.301(b); 1066.305; 1066.310(b).
(5) SAE J2263 MAY2020, (R) Road Load Measurement Using Onboard Anemometry and Coastdown Techniques, Revised May 2020, (“SAE J2263”); IBR approved for §§ 1066.301(b); 1066.305; 1066.310(b).
(6) SAE J2264 JAN2014, Chassis Dynamometer Simulation of Road Load Using Coastdown Techniques, Revised January 2014, (“SAE J2264”); IBR approved for § 1066.315.
(7) SAE J2711 MAY2020, (R) Recommended Practice for Measuring Fuel Economy and Emissions of Hybrid-Electric and Conventional Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Revised May 2020, (“SAE J2711”); IBR approved for §§ 1066.501(a); 1066.1001.
(8) SAE J2951 JAN2014, Drive Quality Evaluation for Chassis Dynamometer Testing, Revised January 2014, (“SAE J2951”); IBR approved for § 1066.425(j).
(c) California Air Resources Board (California ARB). California Air Resources Board, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95812; (916) 322-2884; www.arb.ca.gov:
(1) California 2026 and Subsequent Model Year Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, And Medium-Duty Vehicles (“California ARB's LMDV Test Procedures”); Adopted August 25, 2022; IBR approved for § 1066.801(c).
(2) California Test Procedures for 2026 and Subsequent Model Year Zero-Emission Vehicles and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes (“California ARB's PHEV Test Procedures”); Adopted August 25, 2022; IBR approved for § 1066.801(c).