Title 40—Protection of Environment--Volume 1
PART 60—STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
§ 60.315   Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) The reporting requirements of § 60.8(a) apply only to the initial performance test. Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall include the following data in the report of the initial performance test required under § 60.8(a):
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the volume-weighted average mass of VOC's emitted to the atmosphere per volume of applied coating solids (N) for a period of one calendar month from each affected facility.
(2) For each affected facility where compliance is determined under the provisions of § 60.313(c)(1)(iv), a list of the coatings used during a period of one calendar month, the VOC content of each coating calculated from data determined using Method 24 or supplied by the manufacturer of the coating, and the minimum transfer efficiency of any coating application equipment used during the month.
(3) For each affected facility where compliance is achieved through the use of an incineration system, the following additional information will be reported:
(i) The proportion of total VOC's emitted that enters the control device (F),
(ii) The VOC reduction efficiency of the control device (E),
(iii) The average combustion temperature (or the average temperature upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed), and
(iv) A description of the method used to establish the amount of VOC's captured and sent to the incinerator.
(4) For each affected facility where compliance is achieved through the use of a solvent recovery system, the following additional information will be reported:
(i) The volume of VOC-solvent recovered (L r ), and
(ii) The overall VOC emission reduction achieved (R).
(b) Following the initial performance test, the owner or operator of an affected facility shall identify, record, and submit a written report to the Administrator every calendar quarter of each instance in which the volume-weighted average of the total mass of VOC's emitted to the atmosphere per volume of applied coating solids (N) is greater than the limit specified under § 60.312. If no such instances have occurred during a particular quarter, a report stating this shall be submitted to the Administrator semiannually.
(c) Following the initial performance test, the owner or operator of an affected facility shall identify, record, and submit at the frequency specified in § 60.7(c) the following:
(1) Where compliance with § 60.312 is achieved through the use of thermal incineration, each 3-hour period when metal furniture is being coated during which the average temperature of the device was more than 28 °C below the average temperature of the device during the most recent performance test at which destruction efficiency was determined as specified under § 60.313.
(2) Where compliance with § 60.312 is achieved through the use of catalytic incineration, each 3-hour period when metal furniture is being coated during which the average temperature of the device immediately before the catalyst bed is more than 28 °C below the average temperature of the device immediately before the catalyst bed during the most recent performance test at which destruction efficiency was determined as specified under § 60.313. Additionally, when metal furniture is being coated, all 3-hour periods during which the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed is less than 80 percent of the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed during the most recent performance test at which destruction efficiency was determined as specified under § 60.313 will be recorded.
(3) For thermal and catalytic incinerators, if no such periods as described in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section occur, the owner or operator shall state this in the report.
(d) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall maintain at the source, for a period of at least 2 years, records of all data and calculations used to determine VOC emissions from each affected facility. Where compliance is achieved through the use of thermal incineration, each owner or operator shall maintain, at the source, daily records of the incinerator combustion chamber temperature. If catalytic incineration is used, the owner or operator shall maintain at the source daily records of the gas temperature, both upstream and downstream of the incinerator catalyst bed. Where compliance is achieved through the use of a solvent recovery system, the owner or operator shall maintain at the source daily records of the amount of solvent recovered by the system for each affected facility.
§ 60.316   Test methods and procedures.
(a) The reference methods in appendix A to this part except as provided under § 60.8(b) shall be used to determine compliance with § 60.312 as follows:
(1) Method 24, or coating manufacturer's formulation data, for use in the determination of VOC content of each batch of coating as applied to the surface of the metal parts. In case of an inconsistency between the Method 24 results and the formulation data, the Method 24 results will govern.
(2) Method 25 for the measurement of VOC concentration.
(3) Method 1 for sample and velocity traverses.
(4) Method 2 for velocity and volumetric flow rate.
(5) Method 3 for gas analysis.
(6) Method 4 for stack gas moisture.
(b) For Method 24, the coating sample must be at least a 1 liter sample in a 1 liter container taken at a point where the sample will be representative of the coating material as applied to the surface of the metal part.
(c) For Method 25, the minimum sampling time for each of 3 runs is 60 minutes and the minimum sample volume is 0.003 dry standard cubic meters except that shorter sampling times or smaller volumes, when necessitated by process variables or other factors, may be approved by the Administrator.
(d) The Administrator will approve testing of representative stacks on a case-by-case basis if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Administrator that testing of representative stacks yields results comparable to those that would be obtained by testing all stacks.
§ 60.330   Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the following affected facilities: All stationary gas turbines with a heat input at peak load equal to or greater than 10.7 gigajoules (10 million Btu) per hour, based on the lower heating value of the fuel fired.
(b) Any facility under paragraph (a) of this section which commences construction, modification, or reconstruction after October 3, 1977, is subject to the requirements of this part except as provided in paragraphs (e) and (j) of § 60.332.
§ 60.331   Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
(a) Stationary gas turbine means any simple cycle gas turbine, regenerative cycle gas turbine or any gas turbine portion of a combined cycle steam/electric generating system that is not self propelled. It may, however, be mounted on a vehicle for portability.
(b) Simple cycle gas turbine means any stationary gas turbine which does not recover heat from the gas turbine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet combustion air to the gas turbine, or which does not recover heat from the gas turbine exhaust gases to heat water or generate steam.
(c) Regenerative cycle gas turbine means any stationary gas turbine which recovers heat from the gas turbine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet combustion air to the gas turbine.
(d) Combined cycle gas turbine means any stationary gas turbine which recovers heat from the gas turbine exhaust gases to heat water or generate steam.
(e) Emergency gas turbine means any stationary gas turbine which operates as a mechanical or electrical power source only when the primary power source for a facility has been rendered inoperable by an emergency situation.
(f) Ice fog means an atmospheric suspension of highly reflective ice crystals.
(g) ISO standard day conditions means 288 degrees Kelvin, 60 percent relative humidity and 101.3 kilopascals pressure.
(h) Efficiency means the gas turbine manufacturer's rated heat rate at peak load in terms of heat input per unit of power output based on the lower heating value of the fuel.
(i) Peak load means 100 percent of the manufacturer's design capacity of the gas turbine at ISO standard day conditions.
(j) Base load means the load level at which a gas turbine is normally operated.
(k) Fire-fighting turbine means any stationary gas turbine that is used solely to pump water for extinguishing fires.
(l) Turbines employed in oil/gas production or oil/gas transportation means any stationary gas turbine used to provide power to extract crude oil/natural gas from the earth or to move crude oil/natural gas, or products refined from these substances through pipelines.
(m) A Metropolitan Statistical Area or MSA as defined by the Department of Commerce.
(n) Offshore platform gas turbines means any stationary gas turbine located on a platform in an ocean.
(o) Garrison facility means any permanent military installation.
(p) Gas turbine model means a group of gas turbines having the same nominal air flow, combuster inlet pressure, combuster inlet temperature, firing temperature, turbine inlet temperature and turbine inlet pressure.
(q) Electric utility stationary gas turbine means any stationary gas turbine constructed for the purpose of supplying more than one-third of its potential electric output capacity to any utility power distribution system for sale.
(r) Emergency fuel is a fuel fired by a gas turbine only during circumstances, such as natural gas supply curtailment or breakdown of delivery system, that make it impossible to fire natural gas in the gas turbine.
(s) Unit operating hour means a clock hour during which any fuel is combusted in the affected unit. If the unit combusts fuel for the entire clock hour, it is considered to be a full unit operating hour. If the unit combusts fuel for only part of the clock hour, it is considered to be a partial unit operating hour.
(t) Excess emissions means a specified averaging period over which either:
(1) The NO X emissions are higher than the applicable emission limit in § 60.332;
(2) The total sulfur content of the fuel being combusted in the affected facility exceeds the limit specified in § 60.333; or
(3) The recorded value of a particular monitored parameter is outside the acceptable range specified in the parameter monitoring plan for the affected unit.
(u) Natural gas means a naturally occurring fluid mixture of hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, ethane, or propane) produced in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface that maintains a gaseous state at standard atmospheric temperature and pressure under ordinary conditions. Natural gas contains 20.0 grains or less of total sulfur per 100 standard cubic feet. Equivalents of this in other units are as follows: 0.068 weight percent total sulfur, 680 parts per million by weight (ppmw) total sulfur, and 338 parts per million by volume (ppmv) at 20 degrees Celsius total sulfur. Additionally, natural gas must either be composed of at least 70 percent methane by volume or have a gross calorific value between 950 and 1100 British thermal units (Btu) per standard cubic foot. Natural gas does not include the following gaseous fuels: landfill gas, digester gas, refinery gas, sour gas, blast furnace gas, coal-derived gas, producer gas, coke oven gas, or any gaseous fuel produced in a process which might result in highly variable sulfur content or heating value.
(v) Duct burner means a device that combusts fuel and that is placed in the exhaust duct from another source, such as a stationary gas turbine, internal combustion engine, kiln, etc., to allow the firing of additional fuel to heat the exhaust gases before the exhaust gases enter a heat recovery steam generating unit.
(w) Lean premix stationary combustion turbine means any stationary combustion turbine where the air and fuel are thoroughly mixed to form a lean mixture for combustion in the combustor. Mixing may occur before or in the combustion chamber. A unit which is capable of operating in both lean premix and diffusion flame modes is considered a lean premix stationary combustion turbine when it is in the lean premix mode, and it is considered a diffusion flame stationary combustion turbine when it is in the diffusion flame mode.
(x) Diffusion flame stationary combustion turbine means any stationary combustion turbine where fuel and air are injected at the combustor and are mixed only by diffusion prior to ignition. A unit which is capable of operating in both lean premix and diffusion flame modes is considered a lean premix stationary combustion turbine when it is in the lean premix mode, and it is considered a diffusion flame stationary combustion turbine when it is in the diffusion flame mode.
(y) Unit operating day means a 24-hour period between 12:00 midnight and the following midnight during which any fuel is combusted at any time in the unit. It is not necessary for fuel to be combusted continuously for the entire 24-hour period.
§ 60.332   Standard for nitrogen oxides.
(a) On and after the date on which the performance test required by § 60.8 is completed, every owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart as specified in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section shall comply with one of the following, except as provided in paragraphs (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), and (l) of this section.
(1) No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any stationary gas turbine, any gases which contain nitrogen oxides in excess of:
(2) No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any stationary gas turbine, any gases which contain nitrogen oxides in excess of:
(3) The use of F in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section is optional. That is, the owner or operator may choose to apply a NO X allowance for fuel-bound nitrogen and determine the appropriate F-value in accordance with paragraph (a)(4) of this section or may accept an F-value of zero.
(4) If the owner or operator elects to apply a NO X emission allowance for fuel-bound nitrogen, F shall be defined according to the nitrogen content of the fuel during the most recent performance test required under § 60.8 as follows:
(b) Electric utility stationary gas turbines with a heat input at peak load greater than 107.2 gigajoules per hour (100 million Btu/hour) based on the lower heating value of the fuel fired shall comply with the provisions of paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(c) Stationary gas turbines with a heat input at peak load equal to or greater than 10.7 gigajoules per hour (10 million Btu/hour) but less than or equal to 107.2 gigajoules per hour (100 million Btu/hour) based on the lower heating value of the fuel fired, shall comply with the provisions of paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(d) Stationary gas turbines with a manufacturer's rated base load at ISO conditions of 30 megawatts or less except as provided in § 60.332(b) shall comply with paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(e) Stationary gas turbines with a heat input at peak load equal to or greater than 10.7 gigajoules per hour (10 million Btu/hour) but less than or equal to 107.2 gigajoules per hour (100 million Btu/hour) based on the lower heating value of the fuel fired and that have commenced construction prior to October 3, 1982 are exempt from paragraph (a) of this section.
(f) Stationary gas turbines using water or steam injection for control of NO X emissions are exempt from paragraph (a) when ice fog is deemed a traffic hazard by the owner or operator of the gas turbine.
(g) Emergency gas turbines, military gas turbines for use in other than a garrison facility, military gas turbines installed for use as military training facilities, and fire fighting gas turbines are exempt from paragraph (a) of this section.
(h) Stationary gas turbines engaged by manufacturers in research and development of equipment for both gas turbine emission control techniques and gas turbine efficiency improvements are exempt from paragraph (a) on a case-by-case basis as determined by the Administrator.
(i) Exemptions from the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section will be granted on a case-by-case basis as determined by the Administrator in specific geographical areas where mandatory water restrictions are required by governmental agencies because of drought conditions. These exemptions will be allowed only while the mandatory water restrictions are in effect.
(j) Stationary gas turbines with a heat input at peak load greater than 107.2 gigajoules per hour that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction between the dates of October 3, 1977, and January 27, 1982, and were required in the September 10, 1979, Federal Register (44 FR 52792) to comply with paragraph (a)(1) of this section, except electric utility stationary gas turbines, are exempt from paragraph (a) of this section.
(k) Stationary gas turbines with a heat input greater than or equal to 10.7 gigajoules per hour (10 million Btu/hour) when fired with natural gas are exempt from paragraph (a)(2) of this section when being fired with an emergency fuel.
(l) Regenerative cycle gas turbines with a heat input less than or equal to 107.2 gigajoules per hour (100 million Btu/hour) are exempt from paragraph (a) of this section.
§ 60.333   Standard for sulfur dioxide.
On and after the date on which the performance test required to be conducted by § 60.8 is completed, every owner or operator subject to the provision of this subpart shall comply with one or the other of the following conditions:
(a) No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any stationary gas turbine any gases which contain sulfur dioxide in excess of 0.015 percent by volume at 15 percent oxygen and on a dry basis.
(b) No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall burn in any stationary gas turbine any fuel which contains total sulfur in excess of 0.8 percent by weight (8000 ppmw).
§ 60.334   Monitoring of operations.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the owner or operator of any stationary gas turbine subject to the provisions of this subpart and using water or steam injection to control NO X emissions shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous monitoring system to monitor and record the fuel consumption and the ratio of water or steam to fuel being fired in the turbine.
(b) The owner or operator of any stationary gas turbine that commenced construction, reconstruction or modification after October 3, 1977, but before July 8, 2004, and which uses water or steam injection to control NO X emissions may, as an alternative to operating the continuous monitoring system described in paragraph (a) of this section, install, certify, maintain, operate, and quality-assure a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) consisting of NO X and O 2 monitors. As an alternative, a CO 2 monitor may be used to adjust the measured NO X concentrations to 15 percent O 2 by either converting the CO 2 hourly averages to equivalent O 2 concentrations using Equation F-14a or F-14b in appendix F to part 75 of this chapter and making the adjustments to 15 percent O 2 , or by using the CO 2 readings directly to make the adjustments, as described in Method 20. If the option to use a CEMS is chosen, the CEMS shall be installed, certified, maintained and operated as follows:
(1) Each CEMS must be installed and certified according to PS 2 and 3 (for diluent) of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B, except the 7-day calibration drift is based on unit operating days, not calendar days. Appendix F, Procedure 1 is not required. The relative accuracy test audit (RATA) of the NO X and diluent monitors may be performed individually or on a combined basis, i.e. , the relative accuracy tests of the CEMS may be performed either:
(i) On a ppm basis (for NO X ) and a percent O 2 basis for oxygen; or
(ii) On a ppm at 15 percent O 2 basis; or
(iii) On a ppm basis (for NO X ) and a percent CO 2 basis (for a CO 2 monitor that uses the procedures in Method 20 to correct the NO X data to 15 percent O 2 ).
(2) As specified in § 60.13(e)(2), during each full unit operating hour, each monitor must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording) for each 15-minute quadrant of the hour, to validate the hour. For partial unit operating hours, at least one valid data point must be obtained for each quadrant of the hour in which the unit operates. For unit operating hours in which required quality assurance and maintenance activities are performed on the CEMS, a minimum of two valid data points (one in each of two quadrants) are required to validate the hour.
(3) For purposes of identifying excess emissions, CEMS data must be reduced to hourly averages as specified in § 60.13(h).
(i) For each unit operating hour in which a valid hourly average, as described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, is obtained for both NO X and diluent, the data acquisition and handling system must calculate and record the hourly NO X emissions in the units of the applicable NO X emission standard under § 60.332(a), i.e. , percent NO X by volume, dry basis, corrected to 15 percent O 2 and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard conditions (if required as given in § 60.335(b)(1)). For any hour in which the hourly average O 2 concentration exceeds 19.0 percent O 2 , a diluent cap value of 19.0 percent O 2 may be used in the emission calculations.
(ii) A worst case ISO correction factor may be calculated and applied using historical ambient data. For the purpose of this calculation, substitute the maximum humidity of ambient air (Ho), minimum ambient temperature (T a ), and minimum combustor inlet absolute pressure (P o ) into the ISO correction equation.
(iii) If the owner or operator has installed a NO X CEMS to meet the requirements of part 75 of this chapter, and is continuing to meet the ongoing requirements of part 75 of this chapter, the CEMS may be used to meet the requirements of this section, except that the missing data substitution methodology provided for at 40 CFR part 75, subpart D, is not required for purposes of identifying excess emissions. Instead, periods of missing CEMS data are to be reported as monitor downtime in the excess emissions and monitoring performance report required in § 60.7(c).
(c) For any turbine that commenced construction, reconstruction or modification after October 3, 1977, but before July 8, 2004, and which does not use steam or water injection to control NO X emissions, the owner or operator may, but is not required to, for purposes of determining excess emissions, use a CEMS that meets the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section. Also, if the owner or operator has previously submitted and received EPA, State, or local permitting authority approval of a procedure for monitoring compliance with the applicable NO X emission limit under § 60.332, that approved procedure may continue to be used.
(d) The owner or operator of any new turbine constructed after July 8, 2004, and which uses water or steam injection to control NO X emissions may elect to use either the requirements in paragraph (a) of this section for continuous water or steam to fuel ratio monitoring or may use a NO X CEMS installed, certified, operated, maintained, and quality-assured as described in paragraph (b) of this section.
(e) The owner or operator of any new turbine that commences construction after July 8, 2004, and which does not use water or steam injection to control NO X emissions, may, but is not required to, elect to use a NO X CEMS installed, certified, operated, maintained, and quality-assured as described in paragraph (b) of this section. Other acceptable monitoring approaches include periodic testing approved by EPA or the State or local permitting authority or continuous parameter monitoring as described in paragraph (f) of this section.
(f) The owner or operator of a new turbine that commences construction after July 8, 2004, which does not use water or steam injection to control NO X emissions may, but is not required to, perform continuous parameter monitoring as follows:
(1) For a diffusion flame turbine without add-on selective catalytic reduction controls (SCR), the owner or operator shall define at least four parameters indicative of the unit's NO X formation characteristics and shall monitor these parameters continuously.
(2) For any lean premix stationary combustion turbine, the owner or operator shall continuously monitor the appropriate parameters to determine whether the unit is operating in low-NO X mode.
(3) For any turbine that uses SCR to reduce NO X emissions, the owner or operator shall continuously monitor appropriate parameters to verify the proper operation of the emission controls.
(4) For affected units that are also regulated under part 75 of this chapter, if the owner or operator elects to monitor NO X emission rate using the methodology in appendix E to part 75 of this chapter, or the low mass emissions methodology in § 75.19 of this chapter, the requirements of this paragraph (f) may be met by performing the parametric monitoring described in section 2.3 of appendix E or in § 75.19(c)(1)(iv)(H) of this chapter.
(g) The steam or water to fuel ratio or other parameters that are continuously monitored as described in paragraphs (a), (d) or (f) of this section shall be monitored during the performance test required under § 60.8, to establish acceptable values and ranges. The owner or operator may supplement the performance test data with engineering analyses, design specifications, manufacturer's recommendations and other relevant information to define the acceptable parametric ranges more precisely. The owner or operator shall develop and keep on-site a parameter monitoring plan which explains the procedures used to document proper operation of the NO X emission controls. The plan shall include the parameter(s) monitored and the acceptable range(s) of the parameter(s) as well as the basis for designating the parameter(s) and acceptable range(s). Any supplemental data such as engineering analyses, design specifications, manufacturer's recommendations and other relevant information shall be included in the monitoring plan. For affected units that are also subject to part 75 of this chapter and that use the low mass emissions methodology in § 75.19 of this chapter or the NO X emission measurement methodology in appendix E to part 75, the owner or operator may meet the requirements of this paragraph by developing and keeping on-site (or at a central location for unmanned facilities) a quality-assurance plan, as described in § 75.19 (e)(5) or in section 2.3 of appendix E and section 1.3.6 of appendix B to part 75 of this chapter.
(h) The owner or operator of any stationary gas turbine subject to the provisions of this subpart:
(1) Shall monitor the total sulfur content of the fuel being fired in the turbine, except as provided in paragraph (h)(3) of this section. The sulfur content of the fuel must be determined using total sulfur methods described in § 60.335(b)(10). Alternatively, if the total sulfur content of the gaseous fuel during the most recent performance test was less than 0.4 weight percent (4000 ppmw), ASTM D4084-82, 94, D5504-01, D6228-98, or Gas Processors Association Standard 2377-86 (all of which are incorporated by reference-see § 60.17), which measure the major sulfur compounds may be used; and
(2) Shall monitor the nitrogen content of the fuel combusted in the turbine, if the owner or operator claims an allowance for fuel bound nitrogen ( i.e. , if an F-value greater than zero is being or will be used by the owner or operator to calculate STD in § 60.332). The nitrogen content of the fuel shall be determined using methods described in § 60.335(b)(9) or an approved alternative.
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (h)(1) of this section, the owner or operator may elect not to monitor the total sulfur content of the gaseous fuel combusted in the turbine, if the gaseous fuel is demonstrated to meet the definition of natural gas in § 60.331(u), regardless of whether an existing custom schedule approved by the administrator for subpart GG requires such monitoring. The owner or operator shall use one of the following sources of information to make the required demonstration:
(i) The gas quality characteristics in a current, valid purchase contract, tariff sheet or transportation contract for the gaseous fuel, specifying that the maximum total sulfur content of the fuel is 20.0 grains/100 scf or less; or
(ii) Representative fuel sampling data which show that the sulfur content of the gaseous fuel does not exceed 20 grains/100 scf. At a minimum, the amount of fuel sampling data specified in section 2.3.1.4 or 2.3.2.4 of appendix D to part 75 of this chapter is required.
(4) For any turbine that commenced construction, reconstruction or modification after October 3, 1977, but before July 8, 2004, and for which a custom fuel monitoring schedule has previously been approved, the owner or operator may, without submitting a special petition to the Administrator, continue monitoring on this schedule.
(i) The frequency of determining the sulfur and nitrogen content of the fuel shall be as follows:
(1) Fuel oil. For fuel oil, use one of the total sulfur sampling options and the associated sampling frequency described in sections 2.2.3, 2.2.4.1, 2.2.4.2, and 2.2.4.3 of appendix D to part 75 of this chapter ( i.e. , flow proportional sampling, daily sampling, sampling from the unit's storage tank after each addition of fuel to the tank, or sampling each delivery prior to combining it with fuel oil already in the intended storage tank). If an emission allowance is being claimed for fuel-bound nitrogen, the nitrogen content of the oil shall be determined and recorded once per unit operating day.
(2) Gaseous fuel. Any applicable nitrogen content value of the gaseous fuel shall be determined and recorded once per unit operating day. For owners and operators that elect not to demonstrate sulfur content using options in paragraph (h)(3) of this section, and for which the fuel is supplied without intermediate bulk storage, the sulfur content value of the gaseous fuel shall be determined and recorded once per unit operating day.
(3) Custom schedules. Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (i)(2) of this section, operators or fuel vendors may develop custom schedules for determination of the total sulfur content of gaseous fuels, based on the design and operation of the affected facility and the characteristics of the fuel supply. Except as provided in paragraphs (i)(3)(i) and (i)(3)(ii) of this section, custom schedules shall be substantiated with data and shall be approved by the Administrator before they can be used to comply with the standard in § 60.333.
(i) The two custom sulfur monitoring schedules set forth in paragraphs (i)(3)(i)(A) through (D) and in paragraph (i)(3)(ii) of this section are acceptable, without prior Administrative approval:
(A) The owner or operator shall obtain daily total sulfur content measurements for 30 consecutive unit operating days, using the applicable methods specified in this subpart. Based on the results of the 30 daily samples, the required frequency for subsequent monitoring of the fuel's total sulfur content shall be as specified in paragraph (i)(3)(i)(B), (C), or (D) of this section, as applicable.
(B) If none of the 30 daily measurements of the fuel's total sulfur content exceeds 0.4 weight percent (4000 ppmw), subsequent sulfur content monitoring may be performed at 12 month intervals. If any of the samples taken at 12-month intervals has a total sulfur content between 0.4 and 0.8 weight percent (4000 and 8000 ppmw), follow the procedures in paragraph (i)(3)(i)(C) of this section. If any measurement exceeds 0.8 weight percent (8000 ppmw), follow the procedures in paragraph (i)(3)(i)(D) of this section.
(C) If at least one of the 30 daily measurements of the fuel's total sulfur content is between 0.4 and 0.8 weight percent (4000 and 8000 ppmw), but none exceeds 0.8 weight percent (8000 ppmw), then:
( 1 ) Collect and analyze a sample every 30 days for three months. If any sulfur content measurement exceeds 0.8 weight percent (8000 ppmw), follow the procedures in paragraph (i)(3)(i)(D) of this section. Otherwise, follow the procedures in paragraph (i)(3)(i)(C)( 2 ) of this section.
( 2 ) Begin monitoring at 6-month intervals for 12 months. If any sulfur content measurement exceeds 0.8 weight percent (8000 ppmw), follow the procedures in paragraph (i)(3)(i)(D) of this section. Otherwise, follow the procedures in paragraph (i)(3)(i)(C)( 3 ) of this section.
( 3 ) Begin monitoring at 12-month intervals. If any sulfur content measurement exceeds 0.8 weight percent (8000 ppmw), follow the procedures in paragraph (i)(3)(i)(D) of this section. Otherwise, continue to monitor at this frequency.
(D) If a sulfur content measurement exceeds 0.8 weight percent (8000 ppmw), immediately begin daily monitoring according to paragraph (i)(3)(i)(A) of this section. Daily monitoring shall continue until 30 consecutive daily samples, each having a sulfur content no greater than 0.8 weight percent (8000 ppmw), are obtained. At that point, the applicable procedures of paragraph (i)(3)(i)(B) or (C) of this section shall be followed.
(ii) The owner or operator may use the data collected from the 720-hour sulfur sampling demonstration described in section 2.3.6 of appendix D to part 75 of this chapter to determine a custom sulfur sampling schedule, as follows:
(A) If the maximum fuel sulfur content obtained from the 720 hourly samples does not exceed 20 grains/100 scf ( i.e. , the maximum total sulfur content of natural gas as defined in § 60.331(u)), no additional monitoring of the sulfur content of the gas is required, for the purposes of this subpart.
(B) If the maximum fuel sulfur content obtained from any of the 720 hourly samples exceeds 20 grains/100 scf, but none of the sulfur content values (when converted to weight percent sulfur) exceeds 0.4 weight percent (4000 ppmw), then the minimum required sampling frequency shall be one sample at 12 month intervals.
(C) If any sample result exceeds 0.4 weight percent sulfur (4000 ppmw), but none exceeds 0.8 weight percent sulfur (8000 ppmw), follow the provisions of paragraph (i)(3)(i)(C) of this section.
(D) If the sulfur content of any of the 720 hourly samples exceeds 0.8 weight percent (8000 ppmw), follow the provisions of paragraph (i)(3)(i)(D) of this section.
(j) For each affected unit that elects to continuously monitor parameters or emissions, or to periodically determine the fuel sulfur content or fuel nitrogen content under this subpart, the owner or operator shall submit reports of excess emissions and monitor downtime, in accordance with § 60.7(c). Excess emissions shall be reported for all periods of unit operation, including startup, shutdown and malfunction. For the purpose of reports required under § 60.7(c), periods of excess emissions and monitor downtime that shall be reported are defined as follows:
(1) Nitrogen oxides.
(i) For turbines using water or steam to fuel ratio monitoring:
(A) An excess emission shall be any unit operating hour for which the average steam or water to fuel ratio, as measured by the continuous monitoring system, falls below the acceptable steam or water to fuel ratio needed to demonstrate compliance with § 60.332, as established during the performance test required in § 60.8. Any unit operating hour in which no water or steam is injected into the turbine shall also be considered an excess emission.
(B) A period of monitor downtime shall be any unit operating hour in which water or steam is injected into the turbine, but the essential parametric data needed to determine the steam or water to fuel ratio are unavailable or invalid.
(C) Each report shall include the average steam or water to fuel ratio, average fuel consumption, ambient conditions (temperature, pressure, and humidity), gas turbine load, and (if applicable) the nitrogen content of the fuel during each excess emission. You do not have to report ambient conditions if you opt to use the worst case ISO correction factor as specified in § 60.334(b)(3)(ii), or if you are not using the ISO correction equation under the provisions of § 60.335(b)(1).
(ii) If the owner or operator elects to take an emission allowance for fuel bound nitrogen, then excess emissions and periods of monitor downtime are as described in paragraphs (j)(1)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section.
(A) An excess emission shall be the period of time during which the fuel-bound nitrogen (N) is greater than the value measured during the performance test required in § 60.8 and used to determine the allowance. The excess emission begins on the date and hour of the sample which shows that N is greater than the performance test value, and ends with the date and hour of a subsequent sample which shows a fuel nitrogen content less than or equal to the performance test value.
(B) A period of monitor downtime begins when a required sample is not taken by its due date. A period of monitor downtime also begins on the date and hour that a required sample is taken, if invalid results are obtained. The period of monitor downtime ends on the date and hour of the next valid sample.
(iii) For turbines using NO X and diluent CEMS:
(A) An hour of excess emissions shall be any unit operating hour in which the 4-hour rolling average NO X concentration exceeds the applicable emission limit in § 60.332(a)(1) or (2). For the purposes of this subpart, a “4-hour rolling average NO X concentration” is the arithmetic average of the average NO X concentration measured by the CEMS for a given hour (corrected to 15 percent O 2 and, if required under § 60.335(b)(1), to ISO standard conditions) and the three unit operating hour average NO X concentrations immediately preceding that unit operating hour.
(B) A period of monitor downtime shall be any unit operating hour in which sufficient data are not obtained to validate the hour, for either NO X concentration or diluent (or both).
(C) Each report shall include the ambient conditions (temperature, pressure, and humidity) at the time of the excess emission period and (if the owner or operator has claimed an emission allowance for fuel bound nitrogen) the nitrogen content of the fuel during the period of excess emissions. You do not have to report ambient conditions if you opt to use the worst case ISO correction factor as specified in § 60.334(b)(3)(ii), or if you are not using the ISO correction equation under the provisions of § 60.335(b)(1).
(iv) For owners or operators that elect, under paragraph (f) of this section, to monitor combustion parameters or parameters that document proper operation of the NO X emission controls:
(A) An excess emission shall be a 4-hour rolling unit operating hour average in which any monitored parameter does not achieve the target value or is outside the acceptable range defined in the parameter monitoring plan for the unit.
(B) A period of monitor downtime shall be a unit operating hour in which any of the required parametric data are either not recorded or are invalid.
(2) Sulfur dioxide. If the owner or operator is required to monitor the sulfur content of the fuel under paragraph (h) of this section:
(i) For samples of gaseous fuel and for oil samples obtained using daily sampling, flow proportional sampling, or sampling from the unit's storage tank, an excess emission occurs each unit operating hour included in the period beginning on the date and hour of any sample for which the sulfur content of the fuel being fired in the gas turbine exceeds 0.8 weight percent and ending on the date and hour that a subsequent sample is taken that demonstrates compliance with the sulfur limit.
(ii) If the option to sample each delivery of fuel oil has been selected, the owner or operator shall immediately switch to one of the other oil sampling options ( i.e. , daily sampling, flow proportional sampling, or sampling from the unit's storage tank) if the sulfur content of a delivery exceeds 0.8 weight percent. The owner or operator shall continue to use one of the other sampling options until all of the oil from the delivery has been combusted, and shall evaluate excess emissions according to paragraph (j)(2)(i) of this section. When all of the fuel from the delivery has been burned, the owner or operator may resume using the as-delivered sampling option.
(iii) A period of monitor downtime begins when a required sample is not taken by its due date. A period of monitor downtime also begins on the date and hour of a required sample, if invalid results are obtained. The period of monitor downtime shall include only unit operating hours, and ends on the date and hour of the next valid sample.
(3) Ice fog. Each period during which an exemption provided in § 60.332(f) is in effect shall be reported in writing to the Administrator quarterly. For each period the ambient conditions existing during the period, the date and time the air pollution control system was deactivated, and the date and time the air pollution control system was reactivated shall be reported. All quarterly reports shall be postmarked by the 30th day following the end of each calendar quarter.
(4) Emergency fuel. Each period during which an exemption provided in § 60.332(k) is in effect shall be included in the report required in § 60.7(c). For each period, the type, reasons, and duration of the firing of the emergency fuel shall be reported.
(5) All reports required under § 60.7(c) shall be postmarked by the 30th day following the end of each 6-month period.
§ 60.335   Test methods and procedures.
(a) The owner or operator shall conduct the performance tests required in § 60.8, using either
(1) EPA Method 20,
(2) ASTM D6522-00 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17), or
(3) EPA Method 7E and either EPA Method 3 or 3A in appendix A to this part, to determine NO X and diluent concentration.
(4) Sampling traverse points are to be selected following Method 20 or Method 1, (non-particulate procedures) and sampled for equal time intervals. The sampling shall be performed with a traversing single-hole probe or, if feasible, with a stationary multi-hole probe that samples each of the points sequentially. Alternatively, a multi-hole probe designed and documented to sample equal volumes from each hole may be used to sample simultaneously at the required points.
(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (a)(4) of this section, the owner or operator may test at few points than are specified in Method 1 or Method 20 if the following conditions are met:
(i) You may perform a stratification test for NO X and diluent pursuant to
(A) [Reserved]
(B) The procedures specified in section 6.5.6.1(a) through (e) appendix A to part 75 of this chapter.
(ii) Once the stratification sampling is completed, the owner or operator may use the following alternative sample point selection criteria for the performance test:
(A) If each of the individual traverse point NO X concentrations, normalized to 15 percent O 2 , is within 10 percent of the mean normalized concentration for all traverse points, then you may use 3 points (located either 16.7, 50.0, and 83.3 percent of the way across the stack or duct, or, for circular stacks or ducts greater than 2.4 meters (7.8 feet) in diameter, at 0.4, 1.2, and 2.0 meters from the wall). The 3 points shall be located along the measurement line that exhibited the highest average normalized NO X concentration during the stratification test; or
(B) If each of the individual traverse point NO X concentrations, normalized to 15 percent O 2 , is within 5 percent of the mean normalized concentration for all traverse points, then you may sample at a single point, located at least 1 meter from the stack wall or at the stack centroid.
(6) Other acceptable alternative reference methods and procedures are given in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the applicable nitrogen oxides emission limitation in § 60.332 and shall meet the performance test requirements of § 60.8 as follows:
(1) For each run of the performance test, the mean nitrogen oxides emission concentration (NO Xo ) corrected to 15 percent O 2 shall be corrected to ISO standard conditions using the following equation. Notwithstanding this requirement, use of the ISO correction equation is optional for: Lean premix stationary combustion turbines; units used in association with heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) equipped with duct burners; and units equipped with add-on emission control devices:
(2) The 3-run performance test required by § 60.8 must be performed within 5 percent at 30, 50, 75, and 90-to-100 percent of peak load or at four evenly-spaced load points in the normal operating range of the gas turbine, including the minimum point in the operating range and 90-to-100 percent of peak load, or at the highest achievable load point if 90-to-100 percent of peak load cannot be physically achieved in practice. If the turbine combusts both oil and gas as primary or backup fuels, separate performance testing is required for each fuel. Notwithstanding these requirements, performance testing is not required for any emergency fuel (as defined in § 60.331).
(3) For a combined cycle turbine system with supplemental heat (duct burner), the owner or operator may elect to measure the turbine NO X emissions after the duct burner rather than directly after the turbine. If the owner or operator elects to use this alternative sampling location, the applicable NO X emission limit in § 60.332 for the combustion turbine must still be met.
(4) If water or steam injection is used to control NO X with no additional post-combustion NO X control and the owner or operator chooses to monitor the steam or water to fuel ratio in accordance with § 60.334(a), then that monitoring system must be operated concurrently with each EPA Method 20, ASTM D6522-00 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17), or EPA Method 7E run and shall be used to determine the fuel consumption and the steam or water to fuel ratio necessary to comply with the applicable § 60.332 NO X emission limit.
(5) If the owner operator elects to claim an emission allowance for fuel bound nitrogen as described in § 60.332, then concurrently with each reference method run, a representative sample of the fuel used shall be collected and analyzed, following the applicable procedures described in § 60.335(b)(9). These data shall be used to determine the maximum fuel nitrogen content for which the established water (or steam) to fuel ratio will be valid.
(6) If the owner or operator elects to install a CEMS, the performance evaluation of the CEMS may either be conducted separately (as described in paragraph (b)(7) of this section) or as part of the initial performance test of the affected unit.
(7) If the owner or operator elects to install and certify a NO X CEMS under § 60.334(e), then the initial performance test required under § 60.8 may be done in the following alternative manner:
(i) Perform a minimum of 9 reference method runs, with a minimum time per run of 21 minutes, at a single load level, between 90 and 100 percent of peak (or the highest physically achievable) load.
(ii) Use the test data both to demonstrate compliance with the applicable NO X emission limit under § 60.332 and to provide the required reference method data for the RATA of the CEMS described under § 60.334(b).
(iii) The requirement to test at three additional load levels is waived.
(8) If the owner or operator elects under § 60.334(f) to monitor combustion parameters or parameters indicative of proper operation of NO X emission controls, the appropriate parameters shall be continuously monitored and recorded during each run of the initial performance test, to establish acceptable operating ranges, for purposes of the parameter monitoring plan for the affected unit, as specified in § 60.334(g).
(9) To determine the fuel bound nitrogen content of fuel being fired (if an emission allowance is claimed for fuel bound nitrogen), the owner or operator may use equipment and procedures meeting the requirements of:
(i) For liquid fuels, ASTM D2597-94 (Reapproved 1999), D6366-99, D4629-02, D5762-02 (all of which are incorporated by reference, see § 60.17); or
(ii) For gaseous fuels, shall use analytical methods and procedures that are accurate to within 5 percent of the instrument range and are approved by the Administrator.
(10) If the owner or operator is required under § 60.334(i)(1) or (3) to periodically determine the sulfur content of the fuel combusted in the turbine, a minimum of three fuel samples shall be collected during the performance test. Analyze the samples for the total sulfur content of the fuel using:
(i) For liquid fuels, ASTM D129-00, D2622-98, D4294-02, D1266-98, D5453-00 or D1552-01 (all of which are incorporated by reference, see § 60.17); or
(ii) For gaseous fuels, ASTM D1072-80, 90 (Reapproved 1994); D3246-81, 92, 96; D4468-85 (Reapproved 2000); or D6667-01 (all of which are incorporated by reference, see § 60.17). The applicable ranges of some ASTM methods mentioned above are not adequate to measure the levels of sulfur in some fuel gases. Dilution of samples before analysis (with verification of the dilution ratio) may be used, subject to the prior approval of the Administrator.
(11) The fuel analyses required under paragraphs (b)(9) and (b)(10) of this section may be performed by the owner or operator, a service contractor retained by the owner or operator, the fuel vendor, or any other qualified agency.
(c) The owner or operator may use the following as alternatives to the reference methods and procedures specified in this section:
(1) Instead of using the equation in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, manufacturers may develop ambient condition correction factors to adjust the nitrogen oxides emission level measured by the performance test as provided in § 60.8 to ISO standard day conditions.
§ 60.340   Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to each rotary lime kiln used in the manufacture of lime.
(b) The provisions of this subpart are not applicable to facilities used in the manufacture of lime at kraft pulp mills.
(c) Any facility under paragraph (a) of this section that commences construction or modification after May 3, 1977, is subject to the requirements of this subpart.
§ 60.341   Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the same meaning given them in the Act and in the General Provisions.
(a) Lime manufacturing plant means any plant which uses a rotary lime kiln to produce lime product from limestone by calcination.
(b) Lime product means the product of the calcination process including, but not limited to, calcitic lime, dolomitic lime, and dead-burned dolomite.
(c) Positive-pressure fabric filter means a fabric filter with the fans on the upstream side of the filter bags.
(d) Rotary lime kiln means a unit with an inclined rotating drum that is used to produce a lime product from limestone by calcination.
(e) Stone feed means limestone feedstock and millscale or other iron oxide additives that become part of the product.
§ 60.342   Standard for particulate matter.
(a) On and after the date on which the performance test required to be conducted by § 60.8 is completed, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any rotary lime kiln any gases which:
(1) Contain particulate matter in excess of 0.30 kilogram per megagram (0.60 lb/ton) of stone feed.
(2) Exhibit greater than 15 percent opacity when exiting from a dry emission control device.
§ 60.343   Monitoring of emissions and operations.
(a) The owner or operator of a facility that is subject to the provisions of this subpart shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous monitoring system, except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, to monitor and record the opacity of a representative portion of the gases discharged into the atmosphere from any rotary lime kiln. The span of this system shall be set at 40 percent opacity.
(b) The owner or operator of any rotary lime kiln having a control device with a multiple stack exhaust or a roof monitor may, in lieu of the continuous opacity monitoring requirement of § 60.343(a), monitor visible emissions at least once per day of operation by using a certified visible emissions observer who, for each site where visible emissions are observed, will perform three Method 9 tests and record the results. Visible emission observations shall occur during normal operation of the rotary lime kiln at least once per day. For at least three 6-minute periods, the opacity shall be recorded for any point(s) where visible emissions are observed, and the corresponding feed rate of the kiln shall also be recorded. Records shall be maintained of any 6-minute average that is in excess of the emissions specified in § 60.342(a) of this subpart.
(c) The owner or operator of any rotary lime kiln using a wet scrubbing emission control device subject to the provisions of this subpart shall not be required to monitor the opacity of the gases discharged as required in paragraph (a) of this section, but shall install, calibrate, maintain, operate, and record the resultant information from the following continuous monitoring devices:
(1) A monitoring device for the continuous measurement of the pressure loss of the gas stream through the scrubber. The monitoring device must be accurate within ±250 pascals (one inch of water).
(2) A monitoring device for continuous measurement of the scrubbing liquid supply pressure to the control device. The monitoring device must be accurate within ±5 percent of the design scrubbing liquid supply pressure.
(d) For the purpose of conducting a performance test under § 60.8, the owner or operator of any lime manufacturing plant subject to the provisions of this subpart shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a device for measuring the mass rate of stone feed to any affected rotary lime kiln. The measuring device used must be accurate to within ±5 percent of the mass rate over its operating range.
(e) For the purpose of reports required under § 60.7(c), periods of excess emissions that shall be reported are defined as all 6-minute periods during which the average opacity of the visible emissions from any lime kiln subject to paragraph (a) of this subpart is greater than 15 percent or, in the case of wet scrubbers, any period in which the scrubber pressure drop or scrubbing liquid supply pressure is greater than 30 percent below that established during the performance test. If visible emission observations are made according to paragraph (b) of this section, reports of excess emissions shall be submitted semiannually.
§ 60.344   Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in § 60.8, the owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and procedures as specified in this section, except as provided in § 60.8(b).
(b) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the particulate matter standards in § 60.342(a) as follows:
(1) The emission rate (E) of particulate matter shall be computed for each run using the following equation:
(2) Method 5 shall be used at negative-pressure fabric filters and other types of control devices and Method 5D shall be used at positive-pressure fabric filters to determine the particulate matter concentration (c s ) and the volumetric flow rate (Q sd ) of the effluent gas. The sampling time and sample volume for each run shall be at least 60 minutes and 0.90 dscm (31.8 dscf).
(3) The monitoring device of § 60.343(d) shall be used to determine the stone feed rate (P) for each run.
(4) Method 9 and the procedures in § 60.11 shall be used to determine opacity.
(c) During the particulate matter run, the owner or operator shall use the monitoring devices in § 60.343(c)(1) and (2) to determine the average pressure loss of the gas stream through the scrubber and the average scrubbing liquid supply pressure.
§ 60.370   Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the affected facilities listed in paragraph (b) of this section at any lead-acid battery manufacturing plant that produces or has the design capacity to produce in one day (24 hours) batteries containing an amount of lead equal to or greater than 5.9 Mg (6.5 tons).
(b) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the following affected facilities used in the manufacture of lead-acid storage batteries:
(1) Grid casting facility.
(2) Paste mixing facility.
(3) Three-process operation facility.
(4) Lead oxide manufacturing facility.
(5) Lead reclamation facility.
(6) Other lead-emitting operations.
(c) Any facility under paragraph (b) of this section the construction or modification of which is commenced after January 14, 1980, and on or before February 23, 2022, is subject to the requirements of this subpart.
§ 60.371   Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
(a) Grid casting facility means the facility which includes all lead melting pots and machines used for casting the grid used in battery manufacturing.
(b) Lead-acid battery manufacturing plant means any plant that produces a storage battery using lead and lead compounds for the plates and sulfuric acid for the electrolyte.
(c) Lead oxide manufacturing facility means a facility that produces lead oxide from lead, including product recovery.
(d) Lead reclamation facility means the facility that remelts lead scrap and casts it into lead ingots for use in the battery manufacturing process, and which is not a furnace affected under subpart L of this part.
(e) Other lead-emitting operation means any lead-acid battery manufacturing plant operation from which lead emissions are collected and ducted to the atmosphere and which is not part of a grid casting, lead oxide manufacturing, lead reclamation, paste mixing, or three-process operation facility, or a furnace affected under subpart L of this part.
(f) Paste mixing facility means the facility including lead oxide storage, conveying, weighing, metering, and charging operations; paste blending, handling, and cooling operations; and plate pasting, takeoff, cooling, and drying operations.
(g) Three-process operation facility means the facility including those processes involved with plate stacking, burning or strap casting, and assembly of elements into the battery case.
§ 60.372   Standards for lead.
(a) On and after the date on which the performance test required to be conducted by § 60.8 is completed, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere:
(1) From any grid casting facility any gases that contain lead in excess of 0.40 milligram of lead per dry standard cubic meter of exhaust (0.000175 gr/dscf).
(2) From any paste mixing facility any gases that contain in excess of 1.00 milligram of lead per dry standard cubic meter of exhaust (0.000437 gr/dscf).
(3) From any three-process operation facility any gases that contain in excess of 1.00 milligram of lead per dry standard cubic meter of exhaust (0.000437 gr/dscf).
(4) From any lead oxide manufacturing facility any gases that contain in excess of 5.0 milligrams of lead per kilogram of lead feed (0.010 lb/ton).
(5) From any lead reclamation facility any gases that contain in excess of 4.50 milligrams of lead per dry standard cubic meter of exhaust (0.00197 gr/dscf).
(6) From any other lead-emitting operation any gases that contain in excess of 1.00 milligram of lead per dry standard cubic meter of exhaust (0.000437 gr/dscf).
(7) From any affected facility other than a lead reclamation facility any gases with greater than 0 percent opacity (measured according to Method 9 and rounded to the nearest whole percentage).
(8) From any lead reclamation facility any gases with greater than 5 percent opacity (measured according to Method 9 and rounded to the nearest whole percentage).
(b) When two or more facilities at the same plant (except the lead oxide manufacturing facility) are ducted to a common control device, an equivalent standard for the total exhaust from the commonly controlled facilities shall be determined as follows:
§ 60.373   Monitoring of emissions and operations.
The owner or operator of any lead-acid battery manufacturing facility subject to the provisions of this subpart and controlled by a scrubbing system(s) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a monitoring device(s) that measures and records the pressure drop across the scrubbing system(s) at least once every 15 minutes. The monitoring device shall have an accuracy of ±5 percent over its operating range.
§ 60.374   Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in § 60.8, the owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and procedures as specified in this section, except as provided in § 60.8(b).
(b) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the lead standards in § 60.372, except § 60.372(a)(4), as follows:
(1) Method 12 or Method 29 shall be used to determine the lead concentration (C Pb ) and, if applicable, the volumetric flow rate (Q sda ) of the effluent gas. The sampling time and sample volume for each run shall be at least 60 minutes and 0.85 dscm (30 dscf).
(2) When different operations in a three-process operation facility are ducted to separate control devices, the lead emission concentration (C) from the facility shall be determined as follows:
(3) Method 9 and the procedures in § 60.11 shall be used to determine opacity. The opacity numbers shall be rounded off to the nearest whole percentage.
(c) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the lead standard in § 60.372(a)(4) as follows:
(1) The emission rate (E) from lead oxide manufacturing facility shall be computed for each run using the following equation:
(2) Method 12 or Method 29 shall be used to determine the lead concentration (C Pb ) and the volumetric flow rate (Q sd ) of the effluent gas. The sampling time and sample volume for each run shall be at least 60 minutes and 0.85 dscm (30 dscf).
(3) The average lead feed rate (P) shall be determined for each run using the following equation:
§ 60.370a   Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the affected facilities listed in paragraph (b) of this section at any lead acid battery manufacturing plant that produces or has the design capacity to produce in one day (24 hours) batteries containing an amount of lead equal to or greater than 5.9 Mg (6.5 tons).
(b) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the following affected facilities used in the manufacture of lead acid storage batteries:
(1) Grid casting facility.
(2) Paste mixing facility.
(3) Three-process operation facility.
(4) Lead oxide manufacturing facility.
(5) Lead reclamation facility.
(6) Other lead-emitting operations.
(c) Any facility under paragraph (b) of this section for which the construction, modification, or reconstruction is commenced after February 23, 2022, is subject to the requirements of this subpart.
§ 60.371a   Definitions.
As used in this subpart, the definitions in paragraphs (a) through (i) of this section apply. All terms not defined in this subpart have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
(a) Bag leak detection system means a system that is capable of continuously monitoring particulate matter (dust) loadings in the exhaust of a fabric filter (baghouse) in order to detect bag leaks and other upset conditions. A bag leak detection system includes, but is not limited to, an instrument that operates on triboelectric, light scattering, light transmittance, or other effect to continuously monitor relative particulate matter loadings.
(b) Lead acid battery manufacturing plant means any plant that produces a storage battery using lead and lead compounds for the plates and sulfuric acid for the electrolyte.
(c) Grid casting facility means the facility which includes all lead melting pots that remelt scrap from onsite lead acid battery manufacturing processes, and machines used for casting the grid used in lead acid batteries.
(d) Lead oxide manufacturing facility means a facility that produces lead oxide from lead for use in lead acid battery manufacturing, including lead oxide production and product recovery operations. Local exhaust ventilation or building ventilation exhausts serving lead oxide production areas are not part of the lead oxide manufacturing facility.
(e) Lead reclamation facility means the facility that casts remelted lead scrap generated by onsite lead acid battery manufacturing processes into lead ingots for use in the battery manufacturing process, and which is not a furnace affected under subpart L of this part. Lead scrap remelting processes that are used directly (not cast into an ingot first) in a grid casting facility or a three-process operation facility are parts of those facilities and are not part of a lead reclamation facility.
(f) Other lead-emitting operation means any lead acid battery manufacturing plant operation from which lead emissions are collected and ducted to the atmosphere and which is not part of a grid casting, lead oxide manufacturing, lead reclamation, paste mixing, or three-process operation facility, or a furnace affected under subpart L of this part. These operations also include local exhaust ventilation or building ventilation exhausts serving lead oxide production areas.
(g) Paste mixing facility means the facility including lead oxide storage, conveying, weighing, metering, and charging operations; paste blending, handling, and cooling operations; and plate pasting, takeoff, cooling, and drying operations.
(h) Three-process operation facility means the facility including those processes involved with plate stacking, burning or strap casting, and assembly of elements into the battery case.
(i) Total enclosure means a containment building that is completely enclosed with a floor, walls, and a roof to prevent exposure to the elements and that has limited openings to allow access and egress for people and vehicles.
§ 60.372a   Standards for lead.
(a) On and after the date on which the performance test required to be conducted by § 60.8 is completed, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart may cause the emissions listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (8) of this section to be discharged into the atmosphere. The emission limitations and opacity limitations listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (8) of this section apply at all times, including periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction. As provided in § 60.11(f), this paragraph (a) supersedes the exemptions for periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction in the general provisions in subpart A of this part. You must also comply with the requirements in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(1) From any grid casting facility, any gases that contain lead in excess of 0.08 milligram of lead per dry standard cubic meter of exhaust (0.000035 gr/dscf).
(2) From any paste mixing facility, any gases that contain in excess of 0.10 milligram of lead per dry standard cubic meter of exhaust (0.0000437 gr/dscf) or emit no more than 0.9 gram of lead per hour (0.002 lbs/hr) total from all paste mixing sources. If a facility is complying with the 0.9 gram of lead per hour, you must sum the emission rate from all the paste mixing sources.
(3) From any three-process operation facility, any gases that contain in excess of 1.00 milligram of lead per dry standard cubic meter of exhaust (0.000437 gr/dscf).
(4) From any lead oxide manufacturing facility, any gases that contain in excess of 5.0 milligrams of lead per kilogram of lead feed (0.010 lb/ton).
(5) From any lead reclamation facility, any gases that contain in excess of 0.45 milligrams of lead per dry standard cubic meter of exhaust (0.000197 gr/dscf).
(6) From any other lead-emitting operation, any gases that contain in excess of 1.00 milligram of lead per dry standard cubic meter of exhaust (0.000437 gr/dscf).
(7) From any affected facility other than a lead reclamation facility, any gases with greater than 0 percent opacity (measured according to EPA Method 9 of appendix A to this part and rounded to the nearest whole percentage or measured according to EPA Method 22 of appendix A to this part).
(8) From any lead reclamation facility, any gases with greater than 5 percent opacity (measured according to EPA Method 9 of appendix A to this part and rounded to the nearest whole percentage).
(b) When two or more facilities at the same plant (except the lead oxide manufacturing facility) are ducted to a common control device, an equivalent standard for the total exhaust from the commonly controlled facilities must be determined using equation 1 to this paragraph (b) as follows:
(c) The owner or operator must prepare, and at all times operate according to, a fugitive dust mitigation plan that describes in detail the measures that will be put in place and implemented to control fugitive dust emissions in the lead oxide unloading and storage areas. You must prepare a fugitive dust mitigation plan according to the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator must submit the fugitive dust mitigation plan to the Administrator or delegated authority for review and approval when initially developed and any time changes are made.
(2) The fugitive dust mitigation plan must at a minimum include the requirements specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Lead oxide unloading and storage areas. Surfaces used for vehicular material transfer activity must be cleaned at least once per month, by wet wash or a vacuum equipped with a filter rated by the manufacturer to achieve 99.97 percent capture efficiency for 0.3 micron particles in a manner that does not generate fugitive lead dust, except when sand or a similar material has been spread on the area to provide traction on ice or snow.
(ii) Spills in lead oxide unloading and storage areas. For any leak or spill that occurs during the unloading and storage process, complete washing or vacuuming the area to remove all spilled or leaked lead bearing material within 2 hours of the leak or spill occurrence.
(iii) Materials storage. Dust forming materials (that contain lead or lead compounds) must be stored in sealed, leak-proof containers or in a total enclosure.
(iv) Records. The fugitive dust mitigation plan must specify that records be maintained of all cleaning performed under paragraph (c)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.
§ 60.373a   Monitoring of emissions and operations.
(a) The owner or operator of any lead acid battery manufacturing facility subject to the provisions of this subpart and controlled by a scrubbing system(s) must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a monitoring device(s) that measures and records the liquid flow rate and pressure drop across the scrubbing system(s) at least once every 15 minutes. The monitoring device must have an accuracy of ±5 percent over its operating range. The operating liquid flow rate must be maintained within ±10 percent of the average liquid flowrate during the most recent performance test. If a liquid flow rate or pressure drop is observed outside of the normal operational ranges as determined during the most recent performance test, you must record the incident and take immediate corrective actions. You must also record the corrective actions taken. You must submit an excess emissions and monitoring systems performance report and summary report required under § 60.375a(c).
(b) Emissions points controlled by a fabric filter without a secondary filter must meet the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section and either paragraph (b)(3) or (4) of this section. New lead acid battery plants with emission points controlled by a fabric filter without a secondary filter must meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(5) of this section. Fabric filters equipped with a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter or other secondary filter must comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (6) of this section.
(1) You must perform quarterly inspections and maintenance to ensure proper performance of each fabric filter. This includes inspection of structural and filter integrity.
(2) If it is not possible for you to take the corrective actions specified in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) or (iv) of this section for a process or fabric filter control device, you must keep at least one replacement fabric filter onsite at all times for that process or fabric filter control device. The characteristics of the replacement filters must be the same as the current fabric filters in use or have characteristics that would achieve equal or greater emission reductions.
(3) Install, maintain, and operate a pressure drop monitoring device to measure the differential pressure drop across the fabric filter during all times when the process is operating. The pressure drop must be recorded at least twice per day (at least 8 hours apart) if the results of the most recent performance test indicate that emissions from the facility are greater than 50 percent of the applicable lead emissions limit in § 60.372a(a)(1) through (6). The pressure drop must be recorded at least once per day if the results of the most recent performance test indicate that emissions are less than or equal to 50 percent of the applicable lead emissions limit in § 60.372a(a)(1) through (6). If a pressure drop is observed outside of the normal operational ranges as specified by the manufacturer, you must record the incident and take immediate corrective actions. You must submit an excess emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report required under § 60.375a(c). You must also record the corrective actions taken and verify pressure drop is within normal operational range. These corrective actions may include but not be limited to those provided in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Inspecting the filter and filter housing for air leaks and torn or broken filters.
(ii) Replacing defective filter media, or otherwise repairing the control device.
(iii) Sealing off a defective control device by routing air to other control devices.
(iv) Shutting down the process producing the lead emissions.
(4) Conduct a visible emissions observation using EPA Method 9 (6 minutes) or EPA Method 22 (5 minutes) of appendix A to this part while the process is in operation to verify that no visible emissions are occurring at the discharge point to the atmosphere from any emissions source subject to the requirements of § 60.372a(a) or (b). The visible emissions observation must be conducted at least twice daily (at least 6 hours apart) if the results of the most recent performance test indicate that emissions are greater than 50 percent of the applicable lead emissions limit in § 60.372a(a)(1) through (6). The visible emissions observation must be conducted at least once per day if the results of the most recent performance test indicate that emissions are less than or equal to 50 percent of the applicable lead emissions limit in § 60.372a(a)(1) through (6). If visible emissions are detected, you must record the incident and submit this information in an excess emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report required under § 60.375a(c) and take immediate corrective action. You must also record the corrective actions taken. These corrective actions may include, but are not limited to, those provided in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(5) If the lead acid battery manufacturing plant was constructed after February 23, 2022, and have emissions points controlled by a fabric filter, you must install and operate a bag leak detection system that meets the specifications and requirements in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (ix) of this section. For any other affected facility listed in § 60.370a(b) that was constructed, modified, or reconstructed after February 23, 2022, that operates a bag leak detection system, the bag leak detection system must meet the specifications and requirements in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (ix) of this section. Emission points controlled by a fabric filter that is equipped with, and monitored with, a bag leak detection system meeting the specifications and requirements in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (ix) of this section may have the inspections required in paragraph (b)(1) of this section performed semiannually.
(i) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter as lead emissions at concentrations at or below the values in § 60.372a(a), as applicable to the process for which the fabric filter is used to control emissions. Where the fabric filter is used as a control device for more than one process, the lowest applicable value in § 60.372a(a) must be used.
(ii) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of relative particulate matter loadings.
(iii) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm system that will alarm when an increase in relative particulate loadings is detected over a preset level.
(iv) You must install and operate the bag leak detection system in a manner consistent with the guidance provided in “Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) Fabric Filter Bag Leak Detection Guidance” (EPA-454/R-98-015) (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17) and the manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations for installation, operation, and adjustment of the system.
(v) The initial adjustment of the system must, at a minimum, consist of establishing the baseline output by adjusting the sensitivity (range) and the averaging period of the device and establishing the alarm set points and the alarm delay time.
(vi) Following initial adjustment, you must not adjust the sensitivity or range, averaging period, alarm set points, or alarm delay time, except as detailed in the approved standard operating procedures manual required under paragraph (b)(2)(ix) of this section. You cannot increase the sensitivity by more than 100 percent or decrease the sensitivity by more than 50 percent over a 365-day period unless such adjustment follows a complete fabric filter inspection that demonstrates that the fabric filter is in good operating condition.
(vii) For negative pressure, induced air baghouses, and positive pressure baghouses that are discharged to the atmosphere through a stack, you must install the bag leak detector downstream of the fabric filter.
(viii) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.
(ix) You must develop a standard operating procedures manual for the bag leak detection system that includes procedures for making system adjustments and a corrective action plan, which specifies the procedures to be followed in the case of a bag leak detection system alarm. The corrective action plan must include, at a minimum, the procedures that you will use to determine and record the time and cause of the alarm as well as the corrective actions taken to minimize emissions as specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(ix)(A) and (B) of this section.
(A) The procedures used to determine the cause of the alarm must be initiated within 30 minutes of the alarm.
(B) The cause of the alarm must be alleviated by taking the necessary corrective action(s) that may include, but not be limited to, those listed in paragraphs (b)(5)(ix)(B)( 1 ) through ( 6 ) of this section.
( 1 ) Inspecting the baghouse for air leaks, torn or broken filter elements, or any other malfunction that may cause an increase in emissions.
( 2 ) Sealing off defective bags or filter media.
( 3 ) Replacing defective bags or filter media, or otherwise repairing the control device.
( 4 ) Sealing off defective baghouse compartment.
( 5 ) Cleaning the bag leak detection system probe, or otherwise repairing the bag leak detection system.
( 6 ) Shutting down the process producing the lead emissions.
(6) Emissions points controlled by a fabric filter equipped with a secondary filter, such as a HEPA filter, are exempt from the requirement in paragraph (b)(5) of this section to be equipped with a bag leak detection system. You must meet the requirements specified in paragraph (b)(6)(i) of this section and either paragraph (b)(6)(ii) or (iii) of this section.
(i) If it is not possible for you to take the corrective actions specified in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) or (iv) of this section for a process or fabric filter control device, you must keep at least one replacement primary fabric filter and one replacement secondary filter onsite at all times for that process or fabric filter control device. The characteristics of the replacement filters must be the same as the current fabric filters in use or have characteristics that would achieve equal or greater emission reductions.
(ii) You must perform the pressure drop monitoring requirements in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. You may perform these requirements once per week rather than once or twice daily.
(iii) You must perform the visible emissions observation requirements in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. You may perform these requirements once per week rather than once or twice daily.
§ 60.374a   Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in § 60.8, the owner or operator must use as reference methods and procedures the test methods in appendix A to this part or other methods and procedures as specified in this section, except as provided in § 60.8(b).
(b) After the initial performance test required in § 60.8(a), you must conduct subsequent performance tests to demonstrate compliance with the lead and opacity standards in § 60.372a. Performance testing must be conducted for each affected source subject to lead and opacity standards in § 60.372a, that has not had a performance test within the last 5 years, except as described in paragraph (c) of this section. Thereafter, subsequent performance tests for each affected source must be completed no less frequently than every 5 years from the date the emissions source was last tested.
(c) In lieu of conducting subsequent performance tests for each affected source, you may elect to group similar affected sources together and conduct subsequent performance tests on one representative affected source within each group of similar affected sources. The determination of whether affected sources are similar must meet the criteria in paragraph (c)(1) of this section. If you decide to test representative affected sources, you must prepare and submit a testing plan as described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
(1) If you elect to test representative affected sources, the affected sources that are grouped together must be of the same process type ( e.g., grid casting, paste mixing, three-process operations) and also have the same type of air pollution control device ( e.g., fabric filters). You cannot group affected sources from different process types or with different air pollution control device types together for the purposes of this section.
(2) The results of the performance test conducted for the affected source selected as representative of a group of similar affected sources will represent the results for each affected source within the group. In the performance test report, all affected sources in the group will need to be listed.
(3) If you plan to conduct subsequent performance tests on representative emission units, you must submit a test plan. This test plan must be submitted to the Administrator or delegated authority for review and approval no later than 90 days prior to the first scheduled performance test. The test plan must contain the information specified in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) A list of all emission units. This list must clearly identify all emission units that have been grouped together as similar emission units. Within each group of emission units, you must identify the emission unit that will be the representative unit for that group and subject to performance testing.
(ii) A list of the process type and type of air pollution control device on each emission unit.
(iii) The date of last test for each emission unit and a schedule indicating when you will conduct performance tests for each emission unit within the representative groups.
(4) If you conduct subsequent performance tests on representative emission units, the unit with the oldest test must be tested first, and each subsequent performance test must be performed for a different unit until all units in the group have been tested. The order of testing for each subsequent test must proceed such that the unit in the group with the least recent performance test is the next unit to be tested.
(5) You may not conduct performance tests during periods of malfunction. You must record the process information that is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and include in such record an explanation to support that such conditions represent normal operation. You must make available to the Administrator in the test report, records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.
(d) The owner or operator must determine compliance with the lead and opacity standards in § 60.372a, as follows:
(1) EPA Method 12 or EPA Method 29 of appendix A to this part must be used to determine the lead concentration (CPb) and the volumetric flow rate (Qsda) of the effluent gas. The sampling time and sample volume for each run must be at least 60 minutes and 0.85 dscm (30 dscf).
(2) EPA Method 9 of appendix A to this part and the procedures in § 60.11 must be used to determine opacity during the performance test. For EPA Method 9, the opacity numbers must be rounded off to the nearest whole percentage. ASTM D7520-16 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9 with the specified conditions in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (v) of this section.
(i) During the digital camera opacity technique (DCOT) certification procedure outlined in Section 9.2 of ASTM D7520-16, you or the DCOT vendor must present the plumes in front of various backgrounds of color and contrast representing conditions anticipated during field use such as blue sky, trees, and mixed backgrounds (clouds and/or a sparse tree stand).
(ii) You must also have standard operating procedures in place including daily or other frequency quality checks to ensure the equipment is within manufacturing specifications as outlined in Section 8.1 of ASTM D7520-16.
(iii) You must follow the record keeping procedures outlined in § 63.10(b)(1) for the DCOT certification, compliance report, data sheets, and all raw unaltered JPEGs used for opacity and certification determination.
(iv) You or the DCOT vendor must have a minimum of four (4) independent technology users apply the software to determine the visible opacity of the 300 certification plumes. For each set of 25 plumes, the user may not exceed 15 percent opacity of any one reading and the average error must not exceed 7.5 percent opacity.
(v) This approval does not provide or imply a certification or validation of any vendor's hardware or software. The onus to maintain and verify the certification and/or training of the DCOT camera, software and operator in accordance with ASTM D7520-16 and this letter is on the facility, DCOT operator, and DCOT vendor.
(3) When different operations in a three-process operation facility are ducted to separate control devices, the lead emission concentration (C) from the facility must be determined using equation 1 to this paragraph (d)(3) as follows:
(4) The owner or operator of lead oxide manufacturing facility must determine compliance with the lead standard in § 60.372a(a)(5) as follows:
(i) The emission rate (E) from lead oxide manufacturing facility must be computed for each run using equation 2 to this paragraph (d)(4)(i) as follows:
(ii) The average lead feed rate (P) must be determined for each run using equation 3 to this paragraph (d)(4)(ii) as follows:
§ 60.375a   Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
(a) The owner or operator must keep the records specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (7) of this section and maintain them in a format readily available for review onsite for a period of 5 years.
(1) Records of pressure drop values and liquid flow rate from the monitoring required in § 60.373a(a) for scrubbing systems.
(2) Records of fabric filter inspections and maintenance activities required in § 60.373a(b)(1).
(3) Records required under § 60.373a(b)(3) or (b)(6)(ii) of fabric filter pressure drop, pressure drop observed outside of normal operating ranges as specified by the manufacturer, and corrective actions taken.
(4) Records of the required opacity measurements in § 60.373a(b)(4) or (b)(6)(iii).
(5) If a bag leak detection system is used under § 60.373a(b)(5), for a period of 5 years, keep the records specified in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) Electronic records of the bag leak detection system output.
(ii) An identification of the date and time of all bag leak detection system alarms, the time that procedures to determine the cause of the alarm were initiated, the cause of the alarm, an explanation of the corrective actions taken, and the date and time the cause of the alarm was corrected.
(iii) All records of inspections and maintenance activities required under § 60.373a(b)(5).
(6) Records of all cleaning required as part of the practices described in the fugitive dust mitigation plan required under § 60.372a(c) for the control of fugitive dust emissions.
(7) You must keep the records of failures to meet an applicable standard in this part as specified in paragraphs (a)(7)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) In the event that an affected unit fails to meet an applicable standard in this part, record the number of failures. For each failure record the date, time, the cause and duration of each failure.
(ii) For each failure to meet an applicable standard in this part, record and retain a list of the affected sources or equipment, an estimate of the quantity of each regulated pollutant emitted over any emission limit and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions.
(iii) Record actions taken to minimize emissions and any corrective actions taken to return the affected unit to its normal or usual manner of operation.
(b) Beginning on April 24, 2023, within 60 days after the date of completing each performance test or demonstration of compliance required by this subpart, you must submit the results of the performance test following the procedures specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT website (https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/electronic-reporting-tool-ert) at the time of the test. Submit the results of the performance test to the EPA via the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI), which can be accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) ( https://cdx.epa.gov/ ). The data must be submitted in a file format generated using the EPA's ERT. Alternatively, you may submit an electronic file consistent with the extensible markup language (XML) schema listed on the EPA's ERT website.
(2) Data collected using test methods that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the test. The results of the performance test must be included as an attachment in the ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit the ERT generated package or alternative file to the EPA via CEDRI.
(3) Data collected containing confidential business information (CBI). (i) The EPA will make all the information submitted through CEDRI available to the public without further notice to you. Do not use CEDRI to submit information you claim as CBI. Although we do not expect persons to assert a claim of CBI, if you wish to assert a CBI claim for some of the information submitted under paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section, you must submit a complete file, including information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA.
(ii) The file must be generated using the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website.
(iii) Clearly mark the part or all of the information that you claim to be CBI. Information not marked as CBI may be authorized for public release without prior notice. Information marked as CBI will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2.
(iv) The preferred method for CBI submittal is for it to be transmitted electronically using email attachments, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), or other online file sharing services. Electronic submissions must be transmitted directly to the OAQPS CBI Office at the email address oaqpscbi@epa.gov, and as described in this paragraph (b)(3), should include clear CBI markings and be flagged to the attention of the Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group. If assistance is needed with submitting large electronic files that exceed the file size limit for email attachments, and if you do not have your own file sharing service, please email oaqpscbi@epa.gov to request a file transfer link.
(v) If you cannot transmit the file electronically, you may send CBI information through the postal service to the following address: OAQPS Document Control Officer (C404-02), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, Attention: Lead Acid Battery Sector Lead and Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group. The mailed CBI material should be double wrapped and clearly marked. Any CBI markings should not show through the outer wrapping.
(vi) All CBI claims must be asserted at the time of submission. Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. Furthermore, under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is not entitled to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make emissions data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not be protected as CBI and will be made publicly available.
(vii) You must submit the same file submitted to the CBI office with the CBI omitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.
(c) You must submit a report of excess emissions and monitoring systems performance report and summary report according to § 60.7(c) and (d) to the Administrator semiannually. Report the number of failures to meet an applicable standard in this part. For each instance, report the date, time, cause, and duration of each failure. For each failure, the report must include a list of the affected sources or equipment, an estimate of the quantity of each regulated pollutant emitted over any emission limit, and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions. You must use the appropriate spreadsheet template on the CEDRI website ( https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/cedri ) for this subpart. The date report templates become available will be listed on the CEDRI website. The report must be submitted by the deadline specified in this subpart, regardless of the method in which the report is submitted. Submit all reports to the EPA via CEDRI, which can be accessed through the EPA's CDX ( https://cdx.epa.gov/ ). The EPA will make all the information submitted through CEDRI available to the public without further notice to you. As stated in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, do not use CEDRI to submit information you claim as CBI. Anything submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. If you claim CBI, submit the report following description in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to CEDRI as described in this section.
(d) If you are required to electronically submit a report through CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, you may assert a claim of EPA system outage for failure to timely comply with that reporting requirement. To assert a claim of EPA system outage, you must meet the requirements outlined in paragraphs (d)(1) through (7) of this section.
(1) You must have been or will be precluded from accessing CEDRI and submitting a required report within the time prescribed due to an outage of either the EPA's CEDRI or CDX systems.
(2) The outage must have occurred within the period of time beginning five business days prior to the date that the submission is due.
(3) The outage may be planned or unplanned.
(4) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a delay in reporting.
(5) You must provide to the Administrator a written description identifying:
(i) The date(s) and time(s) when CDX or CEDRI was accessed and the system was unavailable;
(ii) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the regulatory deadline to EPA system outage;
(iii) A description of measures taken or to be taken to minimize the delay in reporting; and
(iv) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification, the date you reported.
(6) The decision to accept the claim of EPA system outage and allow an extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion of the Administrator.
(7) In any circumstance, the report must be submitted electronically as soon as possible after the outage is resolved.
(e) If you are required to electronically submit a report through CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, you may assert a claim of force majeure for failure to timely comply with that reporting requirement. To assert a claim of force majeure, you must meet the requirements outlined in paragraphs (e)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) You may submit a claim if a force majeure event is about to occur, occurs, or has occurred or there are lingering effects from such an event within the period of time beginning five business days prior to the date the submission is due. For the purposes of this section, a force majeure event is defined as an event that will be or has been caused by circumstances beyond the control of the affected facility, its contractors, or any entity controlled by the affected facility that prevents you from complying with the requirement to submit a report electronically within the time period prescribed. Examples of such events are acts of nature ( e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods), acts of war or terrorism, or equipment failure or safety hazard beyond the control of the affected facility ( e.g., large scale power outage).
(2) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a delay in reporting.
(3) You must provide to the Administrator:
(i) A written description of the force majeure event;
(ii) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the regulatory deadline to the force majeure event;
(iii) A description of measures taken or to be taken to minimize the delay in reporting; and
(iv) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification, the date you reported.
(4) The decision to accept the claim of force majeure and allow an extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion of the Administrator.
(5) In any circumstance, the reporting must occur as soon as possible after the force majeure event occurs.
(f) Any records required to be maintained by this subpart that are submitted electronically via the EPA's CEDRI may be maintained in electronic format. This ability to maintain electronic copies does not affect the requirement for facilities to make records, data, and reports available upon request to a delegated air agency or the EPA as part of an on-site compliance evaluation.
§ 60.380   Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to the following affected facilities in metallic mineral processing plants: Each crusher and screen in open-pit mines; each crusher, screen, bucket elevator, conveyor belt transfer point, thermal dryer, product packaging station, storage bin, enclosed storage area, truck loading station, truck unloading station, railcar loading station, and railcar unloading station at the mill or concentrator with the following exceptions. All facilities located in underground mines are exempted from the provisions of this subpart. At uranium ore processing plants, all facilities subsequent to and including the beneficiation of uranium ore are exempted from the provisions of this subpart.
(b) An affected facility under paragraph (a) of this section that commences construction or modification after August 24, 1982, is subject to the requirements of this part.
§ 60.381   Definitions.
All terms used in this subpart, but not specifically defined in this section, shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
Bucket elevator means a conveying device for metallic minerals consisting of a head and foot assembly that supports and drives an endless single or double strand chain or belt to which buckets are attached.
Capture system means the equipment used to capture and transport particulate matter generated by one or more affected facilities to a control device.
Control device means the air pollution control equipment used to reduce particulate matter emissions released to the atmosphere from one or more affected facilities at a metallic mineral processing plant.
Conveyor belt transfer point means a point in the conveying operation where the metallic mineral or metallic mineral concentrate is transferred to or from a conveyor belt except where the metallic mineral is being transferred to a stockpile.
Crusher means a machine used to crush any metallic mineral and includes feeders or conveyors located immediately below the crushing surfaces. Crushers include, but are not limited to, the following types: jaw, gyratory, cone, and hammermill.
Enclosed storage area means any area covered by a roof under which metallic minerals are stored prior to further processing or loading.
Metallic mineral concentrate means a material containing metallic compounds in concentrations higher than naturally occurring in ore but requiring additional processing if pure metal is to be isolated. A metallic mineral concentrate contains at least one of the following metals in any of its oxidation states and at a concentration that contributes to the concentrate's commercial value: Aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, molybdenum, silver, titanium, tungsten, uranium, zinc, and zirconium. This definition shall not be construed as requiring that material containing metallic compounds be refined to a pure metal in order for the material to be considered a metallic mineral concentrate to be covered by the standards.
Metallic mineral processing plant means any combination of equipment that produces metallic mineral concentrates from ore. Metallic mineral processing commences with the mining of ore and includes all operations either up to and including the loading of wet or dry concentrates or solutions of metallic minerals for transfer to facilities at non-adjacent locations that will subsequently process metallic concentrates into purified metals (or other products), or up to and including all material transfer and storage operations that precede the operations that produce refined metals (or other products) from metallic mineral concentrates at facilities adjacent to the metallic mineral processing plant. This definition shall not be construed as requiring that mining of ore be conducted in order for the combination of equipment to be considered a metallic mineral processing plant. (See also the definition of metallic mineral concentrate. )
Process fugitive emissions means particulate matter emissions from an affected facility that are not collected by a capture system.
Product packaging station means the equipment used to fill containers with metallic compounds or metallic mineral concentrates.
Railcar loading station means that portion of a metallic mineral processing plant where metallic minerals or metallic mineral concentrates are loaded by a conveying system into railcars.
Railcar unloading station means that portion of a metallic mineral processing plant where metallic ore is unloaded from a railcar into a hopper, screen, or crusher.
Screen means a device for separating material according to size by passing undersize material through one or more mesh surfaces (screens) in series and retaining oversize material on the mesh surfaces (screens).
Stack emissions means the particulate matter captured and released to the atmosphere through a stack, chimney, or flue.
Storage bin means a facility for storage (including surge bins and hoppers) of metallic minerals prior to further processing or loading.
Surface moisture means water that is not chemically bound to a metallic mineral or metallic mineral concentrate.
Thermal dryer means a unit in which the surface moisture content of a metallic mineral or a metallic mineral concentrate is reduced by direct or indirect contact with a heated gas stream.
Truck loading station means that portion of a metallic mineral processing plant where metallic minerals or metallic mineral concentrates are loaded by a conveying system into trucks.
Truck unloading station means that portion of a metallic mineral processing plant where metallic ore is unloaded from a truck into a hopper, screen, or crusher.
§ 60.382   Standard for particulate matter.
(a) On and after the date on which the performance test required to be conducted by § 60.8 is completed, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from an affected facility any stack emissions that:
(1) Contain particulate matter in excess of 0.05 grams per dry standard cubic meter (0.05 g/dscm).
(2) Exhibit greater than 7 percent opacity, unless the stack emissions are discharged from an affected facility using a wet scrubbing emission control device.
(b) On and after the sixtieth day after achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility will be operated, but not later than 180 days after initial startup, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from an affected facility any process fugitive emissions that exhibit greater than 10 percent opacity.
§ 60.383   Reconstruction.
(a) The cost of replacement of ore-contact surfaces on processing equipment shall not be considered in calculating either the “fixed capital cost of the new components” or the “fixed capital cost that would be required to construct a comparable new facility” under § 60.15. Ore-contact surfaces are: Crushing surfaces; screen meshes, bars, and plates; conveyor belts; elevator buckets; and pan feeders.
(b) Under § 60.15, the “fixed capital cost of the new components” includes the fixed capital cost of all depreciable components (except components specified in paragraph (a) of this section) that are or will be replaced pursuant to all continuous programs of component replacement commenced within any 2-year period following August 24, 1982.
§ 60.384   Monitoring of operations.
(a) The owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a monitoring device for the continuous measurement of the change in pressure of the gas stream through the scrubber for any affected facility using a wet scrubbing emission control device. The monitoring device must be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate within ±250 pascals (±1 inch water) gauge pressure and must be calibrated on an annual basis in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
(b) The owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a monitoring device for the continuous measurement of the scrubbing liquid flow rate to a wet scrubber for any affected facility using any type of wet scrubbing emission control device. The monitoring device must be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate within ±5 percent of design scrubbing liquid flow rate and must be calibrated on at least an annual basis in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
§ 60.385   Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
(a) The owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall conduct a performance test and submit to the Administrator a written report of the results of the test as specified in § 60.8(a).
(b) During the initial performance test of a wet scrubber, and at least weekly thereafter, the owner or operator shall record the measurements of both the change in pressure of the gas stream across the scrubber and the scrubbing liquid flow rate.
(c) After the initial performance test of a wet scrubber, the owner or operator shall submit semiannual reports to the Administrator of occurrences when the measurements of the scrubber pressure loss (or gain) or liquid flow rate differ by more than ±30 percent from the average obtained during the most recent performance test.
(d) The reports required under paragraph (c) shall be postmarked within 30 days following the end of the second and fourth calendar quarters.
(e) The requirements of this subsection remain in force until and unless the Agency, in delegating enforcement authority to a State under section 111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an alternative means of compliance surveillance adopted by such States. In that event, affected sources within the State will be relieved of the obligation to comply with this subsection, provided that they comply with requirements established by the State.
§ 60.386   Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in § 60.8, the owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and procedures as specified in this section, except as provided in § 60.8(b).
(b) The owner or operator shall determine complance with the particulate matter standards § 60.382 as follows:
(1) Method 5 or 17 shall be used to determine the particulate matter concentration. The sample volume for each run shall be at least 1.70 dscm (60 dscf). The sampling probe and filter holder of Method 5 may be operated without heaters if the gas stream being sampled is at ambient temperature. For gas streams above ambient temperature, the Method 5 sampling train shall be operated with a probe and filter temperature slightly above the effluent temperature (up to a maximum filter temperature of 121 °C (250 °F)) in order to prevent water condensation on the filter.
(2) Method 9 and the procedures in § 60.11 shall be used to determine opacity from stack emissions and process fugitive emissions. The observer shall read opacity only when emissions are clearly identified as emanating solely from the affected facility being observed. A single visible emission observer may conduct visible emission observations for up to three fugitive, stack, or vent emission points within a 15-second interval. This option is subject to the following limitations:
(i) No more than three emission points are read concurrently;
(ii) All three emission points must be within a 70° viewing sector or angle in front of the observer such that the proper sun position can be maintained for all three points; and
(iii) If an opacity reading for any one of the three emission points is within 5 percent opacity of the application standard, then the observer must stop taking readings for the other two points and continue reading just that single point.
(c) To comply with § 60.385(c), the owner or operator shall use the monitoring devices in § 60.384(a) and (b) to determine the pressure loss of the gas stream through the scrubber and scrubbing liquid flow rate at any time during each particulate matter run, and the average of the three determinations shall be computed.
§ 60.390   Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to the following affected facilities in an automobile or light-duty truck assembly plant: each prime coat operation, each guide coat operation, and each topcoat operation.
(b) Exempted from the provisions of this subpart are operations used to coat plastic body components or all-plastic automobile or light-duty truck bodies on separate coating lines. The attachment of plastic body parts to a metal body before the body is coated does not cause the metal body coating operation to be exempted.
(c) The provisions of this subpart apply to any affected facility identified in paragraph (a) of this section that begins construction, reconstruction, or modification after October 5, 1979, and on or before May 18, 2022.
§ 60.391   Definitions.
(a) All terms used in this subpart that are not defined below have the meaning given to them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
Applied coating solids means the volume of dried or cured coating solids which is deposited and remains on the surface of the automobile or light-duty truck body.
Automobile means a motor vehicle capable of carrying no more than 12 passengers.
Automobile and light-duty truck body means the exterior surface of an automobile or light-duty truck including hoods, fenders, cargo boxes, doors, and grill opening panels.
Bake oven means a device that uses heat to dry or cure coatings.
Electrodeposition (EDP) means a method of applying a prime coat by which the automobile or light-duty truck body is submerged in a tank filled with coating material and an electrical field is used to effect the deposition of the coating material on the body.
Electrostatic spray application means a spray application method that uses an electrical potential to increase the transfer efficiency of the coating solids. Electrostatic spray application can be used for prime coat, guide coat, or topcoat operations.
Flash-off area means the structure on automobile and light-duty truck assembly lines between the coating application system (dip tank or spray booth) and the bake oven. Flash-off area also means the structure between spray booths in a wet-on-wet coating process in which some of the solvent evaporates before the next spray booth; the flash off area may be ambient temperature or heated to accelerate evaporation.
Guide coat operation means the guide coat spray booth, flash-off area and bake oven(s) which are used to apply and dry or cure a surface coating between the prime coat and topcoat operation on the components of automobile and light-duty truck bodies.
Light-duty truck means any motor vehicle rated at 3,850 kilograms gross vehicle weight or less, designed mainly to transport property.
Plastic body means an automobile or light-duty truck body constructed of synthetic organic material.
Plastic body component means any component of an automobile or light-duty truck exterior surface constructed of synthetic organic material.
Prime coat operation means the prime coat spray booth or dip tank, flash-off area, and bake oven(s) which are used to apply and dry or cure the initial coating on components of automobile or light-duty truck bodies.
Purge or line purge means the coating material expelled from the spray system when clearing it.
Solids Turnover Ratio (R T ) means the ratio of total volume of coating solids that is added to the EDP system in a calendar month divided by the total volume design capacity of the EDP system.
Solvent-borne means a coating which contains five percent or less water by weight in its volatile fraction.
Spray application means a method of applying coatings by atomizing the coating material and directing the atomized material toward the part to be coated. Spray applications can be used for prime coat, guide coat, and topcoat operations.
Spray booth means a structure housing automatic or manual spray application equipment where prime coat, guide coat, or topcoat is applied to components of automobile or light-duty truck bodies.
Surface coating operation means any prime coat, guide coat, or topcoat operation on an automobile or light-duty truck surface coating line.
Topcoat operation means the topcoat spray booth, flash-off area, and bake oven(s) which are used to apply and dry or cure the final coating(s) on components of automobile and light-duty truck bodies.
Transfer efficiency means the ratio of the amount of coating solids transferred onto the surface of a part or product to the total amount of coating solids used.
VOC content means all volatile organic compounds that are in a coating expressed as kilograms of VOC per liter of coating solids.
Volume Design Capacity of EDP System (LE) means the total liquid volume that is contained in the EDP system (tank, pumps, recirculating lines, filters, etc.) at its designed liquid operating level.
Waterborne or water reducible means a coating which contains more than five weight percent water in its volatile fraction.
(b) The nomenclature used in this subpart has the following meanings:
§ 60.392   Standards for volatile organic compounds.
On and after the date on which the initial performance test required by § 60.8 is completed, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this subpart shall discharge or cause the discharge into the atmosphere from any affected facility VOC emissions in excess of the limitations listed in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section. The emission limitations listed in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) shall apply at all times, including periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction. As provided in § 60.11(f), this provision supersedes the exemptions for periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction in the general provisions in subpart A of this part.
(a) Prime Coat Operation. (1) For each EDP prime coat operation:
(i) 0.17 kilogram of VOC per liter of applied coating solids when R T is 0.16 or greater.
(ii) 0.17 × 350 ( 0.160−R T ) kg of VOC per liter of applied coating solids when R T is greater than or equal to 0.040 and less than 0.160.
(iii) When R T is less than 0.040, there is no emission limit.
(2) For each nonelectrodeposition prime coat operation: 0.17 kilogram of VOC per liter of applied coating solids.
(b) 1.40 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from each guide coat operation.
(c) 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from each topcoat operation.
§ 60.393   Performance test and compliance provisions.
(a) Section 60.8 (d) and (f) do not apply to the performance test procedures required by this section.
(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct an initial performance test in accordance with § 60.8(a) and thereafter for each calendar month for each affected facility according to the procedures in this section.
(c) The owner or operator shall use the following procedures for determining the monthly volume weighted average mass of VOC emitted per volume of applied coating solids.
(1) The owner or operator shall use the following procedures for each affected facility which does not use a capture system and a control device to comply with the applicable emission limit specified under § 60.392.
(i) Calculate the volume weighted average mass of VOC per volume of applied coating solids for each calendar month for each affected facility. The owner or operator shall determine the composition of the coatings by formulation data supplied by the manufacturer of the coating or from data determined by an analysis of each coating, as received, by Method 24. The Administrator may require the owner or operator who uses formulation data supplied by the manufacturer of the coating to determine data used in the calculation of the VOC content of coatings by Method 24 or an equivalent or alternative method. The owner or operator shall determine from company records on a monthly basis the volume of coating consumed, as received, and the mass of solvent used for thinning purposes. The volume weighted average of the total mass of VOC per volume of coating solids used each calendar month will be determined by the following procedures.
(A) Calculate the mass of VOC used in each calendar month for each affected facility by the following equation where “n” is the total number of coatings used and “m” is the total number of VOC solvents used:
(B) Calculate the total volume of coating solids used in each calendar month for each affected facility by the following equation where “n” is the total number of coatings used:
(C) Select the appropriate transfer efficiency (T) from the following tables for each surface coating operation:
( 1 ) When more than one application method ( l ) is used on an individual surface coating operation, the owner or operator shall perform an analysis to determine an average transfer efficiency by the following equation where “n” is the total number of coatings used and “p” is the total number of application methods:
(D) Calculate the volume weighted average mass of VOC per volume of applied coating solids (G) during each calendar month for each affected facility by the following equation:
(E) For each EDP prime coat operation, calculate the turnover ratio (R T ) by the following equation:
(ii) If the volume weighted average mass of VOC per volume of applied coating solids (G), calculated on a calendar month basis, is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit specified in § 60.392, the affected facility is in compliance. Each monthly calculation is a performance test for the purpose of this subpart.
(2) The owner or operator shall use the following procedures for each affected facility which uses a capture system and a control device that destroys VOC (e.g., incinerator) to comply with the applicable emission limit specified under § 60.392.
(i) Calculate the volume weighted average mass of VOC per volume of applied coating solids (G) during each calendar month for each affected facility as described under § 60.393(c)(1)(i).
(ii) Calculate the volume weighted average mass of VOC per volume of applied solids emitted after the control device, by the following equation: N = G[1-FE]
(A) Determine the fraction of total VOC which is emitted by an affected facility that enters the control device by using the following equation where “n” is the total number of stacks entering the control device and “p” is the total number of stacks not connected to the control device:
( 1 ) In subsequent months, the owner or operator shall use the most recently determined capture fraction for the performance test.
( 2 ) If the owner can justify to the Administrator's satisfaction that another method will give comparable results, the Administrator will approve its use on a case-by-case basis.
(B) Determines the destruction efficiency of the control device using values of the volumetric flow rate of the gas streams and the VOC content (as carbon) of each of the gas streams in and out of the device by the following equation where “n” is the total number of stacks entering the control device and “m” is the total number of stacks leaving the control device:
( 1 ) In subsequent months, the owner or operator shall use the most recently determined VOC destruction efficiency for the performance test.
(C) If an emission control device controls the emissions from more than one affected facility, the owner or operator shall measure the VOC concentration (C bi ) in the effluent gas entering the control device (in parts per million by volume) and the volumetric flow rate (Q bi ) of the effluent gas (in dry standard cubic meters per hour) entering the device through each stack. The destruction or removal efficiency determined using these data shall be applied to each affected facility served by the control device.
(iii) If the volume weighted average mass of VOC per volume of applied solids emitted after the control device (N) calculated on a calendar month basis is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit specified in § 60.392, the affected facility is in compliance. Each monthly calculation is a performance test for the purposes of this subpart.
(3) The owner or operator shall use the following procedures for each affected facility which uses a capture system and a control device that recovers the VOC (e.g., carbon adsorber) to comply with the applicable emission limit specified under § 60.392.
(i) Calculate the mass of VOC (M o + M d ) used during each calendar month for each affected facility as described under § 60.393(c)(1)(i).
(ii) Calculate the total volume of coating solids (L s ) used in each calendar month for each affected facility as described under § 60.393(c)(1)(i).
(iii) Calculate the mass of VOC recovered (M r ) each calendar month for each affected facility by the following equation: M r = L r D r
(iv) Calculate the volume weighted average mass of VOC per volume of applied coating solids emitted after the control device during a calendar month by the following equation:
(v) If the volume weighted average mass of VOC per volume of applied solids emitted after the control device (N) calculated on a calendar month basis is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit specified in § 60.392, the affected facility is in compliance. Each monthly calculation is a performance test for the purposes of this subpart.
§ 60.394   Monitoring of emissions and operations.
The owner or operator of an affected facility which uses an incinerator to comply with the emission limits specified under § 60.392 shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate temperature measurement devices as prescribed below:
(a) Where thermal incineration is used, a temperature measurement device shall be installed in the firebox. Where catalytic incineration is used, a temperature measurement device shall be installed in the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed.
(b) Each temperature measurement device shall be installed, calibrated, and maintained according to accepted practice and the manufacturer's specifications. The device shall have an accuracy of the greater of ±5 percent of the temperature being measured expressed in degrees Celsius or ±2.5 °C.
(c) Each temperature measurement device shall be equipped with a recording device so that a permanent record is produced.
§ 60.395   Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator of an affected facility shall include the data outlined in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) in the initial compliance report required by § 60.8.
(1) The owner or operator shall report the volume weighted average mass of VOC per volume of applied coating solids for each affected facility.
(2) Where compliance is achieved through the use of incineration, the owner or operator shall include the following additional data in the control device initial performance test required by § 60.8(a) or subsequent performance tests at which destruction efficiency is determined: the combustion temperature (or the gas temperature upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed), the total mass of VOC per volume of applied coating solids before and after the incinerator, capture efficiency, the destruction efficiency of the incinerator used to attain compliance with the applicable emission limit specified in § 60.392 and a description of the method used to establish the fraction of VOC captured and sent to the control device.
(b) Following the initial performance test, the owner or operator of an affected facility shall identify, record, and submit a report to the Administrator every calendar quarter of each instance in which the volume-weighted average of the total mass of VOC's emitted to the atmosphere per volume of applied coating solids (N) is greater than the limit specified under § 60.392. If no such instances have occurred during a particular quarter, a report stating this shall be submitted to the Administrator semiannually. Where compliance is achieved through the use of a capture system and control device, the volume-weighted average after the control device should be reported.
(c) Where compliance with § 60.392 is achieved through the use of incineration, the owner or operator shall continuously record the incinerator combustion temperature during coating operations for thermal incineration or the gas temperature upstream and downstream of the incinerator catalyst bed during coating operations for catalytic incineration. The owner or operator shall submit a report at the frequency specified in § 60.7(c) and paragraph (e) of this section.
(1) For thermal incinerators, every three-hour period shall be reported during which the average temperature measured is more than 28 °C less than the average temperature during the most recent control device performance test at which the destruction efficiency was determined as specified under § 60.393.
(2) For catalytic incinerators, every three-hour period shall be reported during which the average temperature immediately before the catalyst bed, when the coating system is operational, is more than 28 °C less than the average temperature immediately before the catalyst bed during the most recent control device performance test at which destruction efficiency was determined as specified under § 60.393. In addition, every three-hour period shall be reported each quarter during which the average temperature difference across the catalyst bed when the coating system is operational is less than 80 percent of the average temperature difference of the device during the most recent control device performance test at which destruction efficiency was determined as specified under § 60.393.
(3) For thermal and catalytic incinerators, if no such periods occur, the owner or operator shall submit a negative report.
(d) The owner or operator shall notify the Administrator 30 days in advance of any test by Method 25.
(e) The owner or operator shall submit the reports listed in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section following the procedures specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) of this section. In addition to the information required in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, owners or operators are required to report excess emissions and a monitoring systems performance report and a summary report to the Administrator according to § 60.7(c) and (d). Owners or operators are required by § 60.7(c) and (d) to report the date, time, cause, and duration of each exceedance of the applicable emission limit specified in § 60.392, any malfunction of the air pollution control equipment, and any periods during which the CMS or monitoring device is inoperative. For each failure, the report must include a list of the affected sources or equipment and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions.
(1) Effective date. On and after November 6, 2023, or once the reporting template has been available on the CEDRI website for 1-year, whichever date is later, owners or operators must use the appropriate spreadsheet template on the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI) website ( https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/cedri ) for this subpart. The date the reporting template for this subpart becomes available will be listed on the CEDRI website. The report must be submitted by the deadline specified in this subpart, regardless of the method by which the report is submitted. Submit all reports to the EPA via CEDRI, which can be accessed through the EPA's CDX ( https://cdx.epa.gov/ ). The EPA will make all the information submitted through CEDRI available to the public without further notice to the owner or operator. Do not use CEDRI to submit information you claim as CBI. Any information submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. If you claim CBI, submit the report following the procedure described in paragraph (f)(3) of this section. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to CEDRI as described in paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
(2) System outage. Owner or operators that are required to submit a report electronically through CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, may assert a claim of EPA system outage for failure to timely comply with that reporting requirement. To assert a claim of EPA system outage, owners or operators must meet the requirements outlined in paragraphs (e)(2)(i) through (vii) of this section.
(i) You must have been or will be precluded from accessing CEDRI and submitting a required report within the time prescribed due to an outage of either the EPA's CEDRI or CDX systems.
(ii) The outage must have occurred within the period of time beginning five business days prior to the date that the submission is due.
(iii) The outage may be planned or unplanned.
(iv) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a delay in reporting.
(v) You must provide to the Administrator a written description identifying:
(A) The date(s) and time(s) when CDX or CEDRI was accessed, and the system was unavailable;
(B) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the regulatory deadline to EPA system outage;
(C) A description of measures taken or to be taken to minimize the delay in reporting; and
(D) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification, the date you reported.
(vi) The decision to accept the claim of EPA system outage and allow an extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion of the Administrator.
(vii) In any circumstance, the report must be submitted electronically as soon as possible after the outage is resolved.
(3) Force majeure. Owner or operators that are required to submit a report electronically through CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, may assert a claim of force majeure for failure to timely comply with that reporting requirement. To assert a claim of force majeure, Owner or operators must meet the requirements outlined in paragraphs (e)(1) through (5) of this section.
(i) You may submit a claim if a force majeure event is about to occur, occurs, or has occurred or there are lingering effects from such an event within the period of time beginning five business days prior to the date the submission is due. For the purposes of this section, a force majeure event is defined as an event that will be or has been caused by circumstances beyond the control of the affected facility, its contractors, or any entity controlled by the affected facility that prevents you from complying with the requirement to submit a report electronically within the time period prescribed. Examples of such events are acts of nature ( e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods), acts of war or terrorism, or equipment failure or safety hazard beyond the control of the affected facility ( e.g., large scale power outage).
(ii) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a delay in reporting.
(iii) You must provide to the Administrator:
(A) A written description of the force majeure event;
(B) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the regulatory deadline to the force majeure event;
(C) A description of measures taken or to be taken to minimize the delay in reporting; and
(D) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification, the date you reported.
(iv) The decision to accept the claim of force majeure and allow an extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion of the Administrator.
(f) Where compliance is achieved through the use of incineration, the owner or operator shall submit control device performance test results at which destruction efficiency is determined for initial and subsequent performance tests according to paragraph (a) of this section within 60 days of completing each performance test following the procedures specified in paragraphs (f)(1) through (3) of this section.
(1) Data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT website ( https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/electronic-reporting-tool-ert ) at the time of the test.
(i) Submit the results of the performance test to the EPA via the CEDRI, which can be accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) ( https://cdx.epa.gov/ ).
(ii) The data must be submitted in a file format generated using the EPA's ERT. Alternatively, the owner or operator may submit an electronic file consistent with the extensible markup language (XML) schema listed on the EPA's ERT website.
(2) Data collected using test methods that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the test.
(i) The results of the performance test must be included as an attachment in the ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website.
(ii) Submit the ERT generated package or alternative file to the EPA via CEDRI.
(3) Confidential business information (CBI). Do not use CEDRI to submit information you claim as CBI. Any information submitted using CEDRI cannot later be claimed CBI. Under CAA section 114(c), emissions data is not entitled to confidential treatment, and the EPA is required to make emissions data available to the public. Thus, emissions data will not be protected as CBI and will be made publicly available. Owners or operators that assert a CBI claim for any information submitted under paragraph (f)(1) or (2) of this section, must submit a complete file, including information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The file must be generated using the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Owners or operators can submit CBI according to one of the two procedures in paragraph (f)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section. All CBI claims must be asserted at the time of submission.
(i) If sending CBI through the postal service, submit the file on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Owners or operators are required to mail the electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Automobile and Light Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations Sector Lead, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section.
(ii) The EPA preferred method for CBI submittal is for it to be transmitted electronically using email attachments, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), or other online file sharing services ( e.g., Dropbox, OneDrive, Google Drive). Electronic submissions must be transmitted directly to the OAQPS CBI Office at the email address oaqpscbi@epa.gov, Attention: Automobile and Light Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations Sector Lead, and as described above, should be clearly identified as CBI. If assistance is needed with submitting large electronic files that exceed the file size limit for email attachments, and if you do not have your own file sharing service, you may email oaqpscbi@epa.gov to request a file transfer link.
§ 60.396   Reference methods and procedures.
(a) The reference methods in appendix A to this part, except as provided in § 60.8 shall be used to conduct performance tests.
(1) Method 24 or an equivalent or alternative method approved by the Administrator shall be used for the determination of the data used in the calculation of the VOC content of the coatings used for each affected facility. Manufacturers' formulation data is approved by the Administrator as an alternative method to Method 24. In the event of dispute, Method 24 shall be the referee method.
(2) Method 25 or an equivalent or alternative method approved by the Administrator shall be used for the determination of the VOC concentration in the effluent gas entering and leaving the emission control device for each stack equipped with an emission control device and in the effluent gas leaving each stack not equipped with a control device.
(3) The following methods shall be used to determine the volumetric flow rate in the effluent gas in a stack:
(i) Method 1 for sample and velocity traverses,
(ii) Method 2 for velocity and volumetric flow rate,
(iii) Method 3 for gas analysis, and
(iv) Method 4 for stack gas moisture.
(b) For Method 24, the coating sample must be a 1-liter sample taken in a 1-liter container.
(c) For Method 25, the sampling time for each of three runs must be at least one hour. The minimum sample volume must be 0.003 dscm except that shorter sampling times or smaller volumes, when necessitated by process variables or other factors, may be approved by the Administrator. The Administrator will approve the sampling of representative stacks on a case-by-case basis if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Administrator that the testing of representative stacks would yield results comparable to those that would be obtained by testing all stacks.
§ 60.397   Modifications.
The following physical or operational changes are not, by themselves, considered modifications of existing facilities:
(a) Changes as a result of model year changeovers or switches to larger cars.
(b) Changes in the application of the coatings to increase coating film thickness.
§ 60.398   Innovative technology waivers.
(a) General Motors Corporation, Wentzville, Missouri, automobile assembly plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at General Motors Corporation automobile assembly plant located in Wentzville, Missouri, shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) The General Motors Corporation shall obtain the necessary permits as required by section 173 of the Clean Air Act, as amended August 1977, to operate the Wentzville assembly plant.
(ii) Commencing on February 4, 1983, and continuing to December 31, 1986, or until the base coat/clear coat topcoat system that can achieve the standard specified in 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980) is demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction the General Motors Corporation shall limit the discharge of VOC emissions to the atmosphere from each topcoat operation at the Wentzville, Missouri, assembly plant, to either:
(A) 1.9 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from base coat/clear coat topcoats, and 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all other topcoat coatings; or
(B) 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all topcoat coatings.
(iii) Commencing on the day after the expiration of the period described in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section, and continuing thereafter, emissions of VOC from each topcoat operations shall not exceed 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids as specified in 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980).
(iv) Each topcoat operation shall comply with the provisions of §§ 60.393, 60.394, 60.395, 60.396, and 60.397. Separate calculations shall be made for base coat/clear coat coatings and all other topcoat coatings when necessary to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits in paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A) of this section.
(v) A technology development report shall be sent to EPA Region VII, 324 East 11th Street, Kansas City, MO 64106, postmarked before 60 days after the promulgation of this waiver and annually thereafter while this waiver is in effect. The technology development report shall summarize the base coat/clear coat development work including the results of exposure and endurance tests of the various coatings being evaluated. The report shall include an updated schedule of attainment of 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980) based on the most current information.
(2) This waiver shall be a federally promulgated standard of performance. As such, it shall be unlawful for General Motors Corporation to operate a topcoat operation in violation of the requirements established in this waiver. Violation of the terms and conditions of this waiver shall subject the General Motors Corporation to enforcement under section 113 (b) and (c), 42 U.S.C. 7412 (b) and (c), and section 120, 42 U.S.C. 7420, of the Act as well as possible citizen enforcement under section 304 of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 7604.
(b) General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Michigan, Automobile Assembly plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at General Motors Corporation's automobile assembly plant located in Detroit, MI, shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) The General Motors Corporation shall obtain the necessary permits as required by section 173 of the Clean Air Act, as amended August 1977, to operate the Detroit assembly plant.
(ii) Commencing on February 4, 1983, and continuing to December 31, 1986, or until the base coat/clear coat topcoat system that can achieve the standard specified in 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980), is demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction, the General Motors Corporation shall limit the discharge of VOC emissions to the atmosphere from each topcoat operation at the Detroit, MI, assembly plant, to either:
(A) 1.9 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from base coat/clear coat topcoats, and 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all other topcoat coatings; or
(B) 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all topcoat coatings.
(iii) Commencing on the day after the expiration of the period described in paragraph (b)(ii) of this section, and continuing thereafter, emissions of VOC from each topcoat operation shall not exceed 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids as specified in 40 CFR 60.392(c) (December 24, 1980).
(iv) Each topcoat operation shall comply with the provisions of §§ 60.393, 60.394, 60.395, 60.396, and 60.397. Separate calculations shall be made for base coat/clear coat coatings and all other topcoat coatings when necessary to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits in paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(A) of this section.
(v) A technology development report shall be sent to EPA Region V, 230 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60604, postmarked before 60 days after the promulgation of this waiver and annually thereafter while this waiver is in effect. The technology development report shall summarize the base coat/clear coat development work including the results of exposure and endurance tests of the various coatings being evaluated. The report shall include an updated schedule of attainment of 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980) based on the most current information.
(2) This waiver shall be a federally promulgated standard of performance. As such, it shall be unlawful for General Motors Corporation to operate a topcoat operation in violation of the requirements established in this waiver. Violation of the terms and conditions of this waiver shall subject the General Motors Corporation to enforcement under section 113 (b) and (c), 42 U.S.C. 7412 (b) and (c), and section 120, 42 U.S.C. 7420, of the Act as well as possible citizen enforcement under section 304 of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 7604.
(c) General Motors Corporation, Orion Township, MI, automobile assembly plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at General Motors Corporation automobile assembly plant located in Orion Township, MI, shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) The General Motors Corporation shall obtain the necessary permits as required by section 173 of the Clean Air Act, as amended August 1977, to operate the Orion Township assembly plant.
(ii) Commencing on February 4, 1983, and continuing to December 31, 1986, or until the base coat/clear coat topcoat system that can achieve the standard specified in 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980) is demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction, the General Motors Corporation shall limit the discharge of VOC emissions to the atmosphere from each topcoat operation at the Orion Township, MI, assembly plant, to either:
(A) 1.9 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from base coat/clear coat topcoats, and 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all other topcoat coatings; or
(B) 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all topcoat coatings.
(iii) Commencing on the day after the expiration of the period described in paragraph (c)(l)(ii) of this section and continuing thereafter, emissions of VOC from each topcoat operation shall not exceed 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids as specified in 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980).
(iv) Each topcoat operation shall comply with the provisions of §§ 60.393, 60.394, 60.395, 60.396, and 60.397. Separate calculations shall be made for base coat/clear coat coatings and all other topcoat coatings when necessary to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits in paragraph (c)(l) (ii)(A) of this section.
(v) A technology development report shall be sent to EPA Region V, 230 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60604, postmarked before 60 days after the promulgation of this waiver and annually thereafter while this waiver is in effect. The technology development report shall summarize the base coat/clear coat development work including the results of exposure and endurance tests of the various coatings being evaluated. The report shall include an updated schedule of attainment of 40 CFR 60.392(c) (December 24, 1980) based on the most current information.
(2) This waiver shall be a federally promulgated standard of performance. As such, it shall be unlawful for General Motors Corporation to operate a topcoat operation in violation of the requirements established in this waiver. Violation of the terms and conditions of this waiver shall subject the General Motors Corporation to enforcement under section 113 (b) and (c), 42 U.S.C. 7412 (b) and (c), and section 120, 42 U.S.C. 7420, of the Act as well as possible citizen enforcement under section 304 of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 7604.
(d) Honda of America Manufacturing, Incorporated (Honda), Marysville, Ohio, automobile assembly plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at Honda's automobile assembly plant located in Marysville, OH, shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) Honda shall obtain the necessary permits as required by section 173 of the Clean Air Act, as amended August 1977, to operate the Marysville assembly plant.
(ii) Commencing on February 4, 1983, and continuing for 4 years or to December 31, 1986, whichever is sooner, or until the base coat/clear coat topcoat system that can achieve the standard specified in 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980) is demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction, Honda shall limit the discharge of VOC emissions to the atmosphere from each topcoat operation at Marysville, OH, assembly plant, to either:
(A) 3.1 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from base coat/clear coat topcoats, and 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all other topcoat coatings; or
(B) 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all topcoat coatings.
(iii) Commencing on the day after the expiration of the period described in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section and continuing thereafter, emissions of VOC from each topcoat operation shall not exceed 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids as specified in 40 CFR 60.392(c) (December 24, 1980).
(iv) Each topcoat operation shall comply with the provisions of §§ 60.393, 60.394, 60.395, 60.396, and 60.397. Separate calculations shall be made for base coat/clear coat coatings and all other topcoat coatings when necessary to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits in paragraph (d)(1)(ii)(A) of this section.
(v) A technology development report shall be sent to EPA Region V, 230 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60604, postmarked before 60 days after the promulgation of this waiver and annually thereafter while this waiver is in effect. The technology development report shall summarize the base coat/clear coat development work including the results of exposure and endurance tests of the various coatings being evaluated. The report shall include an updated schedule of attainment of 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980) based on the most current information.
(2) This waiver shall be a federally promulgated standard of performance. As such, it shall be unlawful for Honda to operate a topcoat operation in violation of the requirements established in this waiver. Violation of the terms and conditions of this waiver shall subject Honda to enforcement under section 113(b) and (c), 42 U.S.C. 7412(b) and (c), and section 120, 42 U.S.C. 7420, of the Act as well as possible citizen enforcement under section 304 of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 7604.
(e) Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation, U.S.A. (Nissan), Smyrna, TN, light-duty truck assembly plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at Nissan's light-duty truck assembly plant located in Smyrna, Tennessee, shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) Nissan shall obtain the necessary permits as required by section 173 of the Clean Air Act, as amended August 1977, to operate the Smyrna assembly plant.
(ii) Commencing on February 4, 1983, and continuing for 4 years or to December 31, 1986, whichever is sooner, or until the base coat/clear coat topcoat system that can achieve the standard specified in 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980), is demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction, Nissan shall limit the discharge of VOC emissions to the atmosphere from each topcoat operation at the Smyrna, TN, assembly plant, to either:
(A) 2.3 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from base coat/clear coat topcoats, and 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all other topcoat coatings; or
(B) 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all topcoat coatings.
(iii) Commencing on the day after the expiration of the period described in paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section and continuing thereafter, emissions of VOC from each topcoat operation shall not exceed 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids as specified in 40 CFR 60.392(c) (Dec. 24, 1980).
(f) Chrysler Corporation, Sterling Heights, MI, automobile assembly plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at Chrysler Corporation's automobile assembly plant located in Sterling Heights, MI, shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) The Chrysler Corporation shall obtain the necessary permits as required under Parts C and D of the Clean Air Act, as amended August 1977, to operate the Sterling Heights assembly plant.
(ii) Commencing on September 9, 1985, and continuing to December 31, 1986, or until the basecoat/clearcoat (BC/CC) topcoat system that can achieve the standard specified under § 60.392(c) of this subpart is demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction, whichever is sooner, the Chrysler Corporation shall limit the discharge of VOC emissions to the atmosphere from each topcoat operation at the Sterling Heights, MI assembly plant, to either:
(A) 1.7 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from BC/CC topcoats, and 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all other topcoat coatings; or
(B) 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all topcoat coatings.
(iii) Commencing on the day after the expiration of the period described in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) and continuing thereafter, emissions of VOC's from each topcoat operation shall not exceed 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids as specified under § 60.392(c) of this subpart.
(iv) Each topcoat operation shall comply with the provisions of §§ 60.393, 60.394, 60.395, 60.396, and 60.397. Separate calculations shall be made for BC/CC coatings and all other topcoat coatings when necessary to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits specified under paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(A) of this section.
(v) A technology development report shall be sent to EPA Region V, 230 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60604, postmarked before 60 days after the promulgation of this waiver and annually thereafter while this waiver is in effect. A copy of this report shall be sent to Director, Emission Standards and Engineering Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-13, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. The technology development report shall summarize the BC/CC development work including the results of exposure and endurance tests of the various coatings being evaluated. The report shall include an updated schedule of attainment of § 60.392(c) of this subpart, based on the most current information.
(2) This waiver shall be a federally promulgated standard of performance. As such, it shall be unlawful for the Chrysler Corporation to operate a topcoat operation in violation of the requirements established in this waiver. Violation of the terms and conditions of this waiver shall subject the Chrysler Corporation to enforcement under sections 113 (b) and (c) of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7412 (b) and (c)) and under section 120 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7420), as well as possible citizen enforcement under section 304 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7604).
(3) This waiver shall not be construed to constrain the State of Michigan from imposing upon the Chrysler Corporation any emission reduction requirement at Chrysler's Sterling Heights automobile assembly plant necessary for the maintenance of reasonable further progress or the attainment of the national ambient air quality standard for ozone or the maintenance of the national ambient air quality standard for ozone. Furthermore, this waiver shall not be construed as granting any exemptions from the applicability, enforcement, or other provisions of any other standards that apply or may apply to topcoat operations or any other operations at this automobile assembly plant.
(g) Ford Motor Company, Hapeville, GA, automotive assemply plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at Ford Motor Company's automobile assembly plant located in Hapeville, GA, shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) The Ford Motor Company shall obtain the necessary permits as required under parts C and D of the Clean Air Act, as amended August 1977, to operate the Hapeville assembly plant.
(ii) Commencing on September 9, 1985, and continuing to December 31, 1986, or until the basecoat/clearcoat (BC/CC) topcoat system that can achieve the standard specified under § 60.392(c) of this subpart is demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction, whichever is sooner, the Ford Motor Company shall limit the discharge of VOC emissions to the atmosphere from each topcoat operation at the Hapeville, GA, assembly plant, to either:
(A) 2.6 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from BC/CC topcoats, and 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all other topcoat coatings; or
(B) 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all topcoat coatings.
(iii) Commencing on the day after the expiration of the period described in paragraph (g)(1)(ii) and continuing thereafter, emissions of VOC's from each topcoat operation shall not exceed 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids as specified under § 60.392(c) of this subpart.
(iv) Each topcoat operation shall comply with the provisions of §§ 60.393, 60.394, 60.395, 60.396, and 60.397. Separate calculations shall be made for BC/CC coatings and all other topcoat coatings when necessary to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits specified under paragraph (g)(1)(ii)(A) of this section.
(v) A technology development report shall be sent to EPA Region IV, 345 Courtland Street, NE., Atlanta, GA 30365, postmarked before 60 days after the promulgation of this waiver and annually thereafter while this waiver is in effect. A copy of this report shall be sent to Director, Emission Standards and Engineering Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-13, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. The technology development report shall summarize the BC/CC development work including the results of exposure and endurance tests of the various coatings being evaluated. The report shall include an updated schedule of attainment of § 60.392(c) of this subpart, based on the most current information.
(2) This waiver shall be a federally promulgated standard of performance. As such, it shall be unlawful for the Ford Motor Company to operate a topcoat operation in violation of the requirements established in this waiver. Violation of the terms and conditions of this waiver shall subject the Ford Motor Company to enforcement under section 113 (b) and (c) and the Act (42 U.S.C. 7412 (b) and (c)) and under section 120 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7420), as well as possible citizen enforcement under section 304 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7604).
(3) This waiver shall not be construed to constrain the State of Georgia from imposing upon the Ford Motor Corporation any emission reduction requirement at Ford's Hapeville automobile assembly plant necessary for the maintenance of reasonable further progress or the attainment of the national ambient air quality standard for ozone or the maintenance of the national ambient air quality standard for ozone. Furthermore, this waiver shall not be construed as granting any exemptions from the applicability, enforcement, or other provisions of any other standards that apply or may apply to topcoat operations or any other operations at this automobile assembly plant.
(h) Ford Motor Company, St. Paul, MN, light-duty truck assembly plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at Ford Motor Company's automobile assembly plant located in St. Paul, MN, shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) The Ford Motor Company shall obtain the necessary permits as required under parts C and D of the Clean Air Act, as amended August 1977, to operate the St. Paul assembly plant.
(ii) Commencing on September 9, 1985, and continuing to December 31, 1986, or until the basecoat/clearcoat (BC/CC) topcoat system that can achieve the standard specified under § 60.392(c) of this subpart, is demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction, whichever is sooner, the Ford Motor Company shall limit the discharge of VOC emissions to the atmosphere from each topcoat operation at the St. Paul, MN, assembly plant, to either:
(A) 2.0 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from BC/CC topcoats, and 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all other topcoat coatings; or
(B) 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all topcoat coatings.
(iii) Commencing on the day after the expiration of the period described in paragraph (h)(1)(ii) and continuing thereafter, emissions of VOC's from each topcoat operation shall not exceed 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids as specified under § 60.392(c) of this subpart.
(iv) Each topcoat operation shall comply with the provisions of §§ 60.393, 60.394, 60.395, 60.396, and 60.397. Separate calculations shall be made for BC/CC coatings and all other topcoat coatings when necessary to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits specified under paragraph (h)(1)(ii)(A) of this section.
(v) A technology development report shall be sent to EPA Region V, 230 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60604, postmarked before 60 days after the promulgation of this waiver and annually thereafter while this waiver is in effect. A copy of this report shall be sent to Director, Emission Standards and Engineering Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-13, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. The technology development report shall summarize the BC/CC development work including the results of exposure and endurance tests of the various coatings being evaluated. The report shall include an updated schedule of attainment of § 60.392(c) of this subpart, based on the most current information.
(2) This waiver shall be a federally promulgated standard of performance. As such, it shall be unlawful for the Ford Motor Company to operate a topcoat operation in violation of the requirements established in this waiver. Violation of the terms and conditions of this wavier shall subject the Ford Motor Company to enforcement under section 113 (b) and (c) of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7412 (b) and (c)) and under section 120 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7420), as well as possible citizen enforcement under section 304 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7604).
(3) This waiver shall not be construed to constrain the State of Minnesota from imposing upon the Ford Motor Corporation any emission reduction requirements at Ford's St. Paul light-duty truck assembly plant necessary for the maintenance of reasonable further progress or the attainment of the national ambient air quality standard for ozone or the maintenance of the national ambient air quality standard for ozone. Furthermore, this waiver shall not be construed as granting any exemptions from the applicability, enforcement, or other provisions of any other standards that apply or may apply to topcoat operations or any other operations at this light-duty truck assembly plant.
(i) Ford Motor Company, Hazelwood, MO, passenger van assembly plant. (1) Pursuant to section 111(j) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7411(j), each topcoat operation at Ford Motor Company's passenger van assembly plant located in Hazelwood, MO, shall comply with the following conditions:
(i) The Ford Motor Company shall obtain the necessary permits as required under parts C and D of the Clean Air Act, as amended August 1977, to operate the Hazelwood assembly plant.
(ii) Commencing on September 9, 1985, and continuing to December 31, 1986, or until the basecoat/clearcoat (BC/CC) topcoat system that can achieve the standard specified under § 60.392(c) of this subpart is demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction, whichever is sooner, the Ford Motor Company shall limit the discharge of VOC emissions to the atmosphere from each topcoat operation at the Hazelwood, MO, assembly plant, to either:
(A) 2.5 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from BC/CC topcoats, and 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all other topcoat coatings; or
(B) 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids from all topcoat coatings.
(iii) Commencing on the day after the expiration of the period described in paragraph (i)(1)(ii) and continuing thereafter, emissions of VOC's from each topcoat operation shall not exceed 1.47 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids as specified under § 60.392(c) of this subpart.
(iv) Each topcoat operation shall comply with the provisions of §§ 60.393, 60.394, 60.395, 60.396, and 60.397. Separate calculations shall be made for BC/CC coatings and all other topcoat coatings when necessary to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits specified under paragraph (i)(1)(ii)(A) of this section.
(v) A technology development report shall be sent to EPA Region VII, 726 Minnesota Avenue, Kansas City, KS 61101, postmarked before 60 days after the promulgation of this waiver and annually thereafter while this waiver is in effect. A copy of this report shall be sent to Director, Emission Standards and Engineering Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-13, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. The technology development report shall summarize the BC/CC development work including the results of exposure and endurance tests of the various coatings being evaluated. The report shall include an updated schedule of attainment of § 60.392(c) of this subpart, based on the most current information.
(2) This waiver shall be a federally promulgated standard of performance. As such, it shall be unlawful for the Ford Motor Company to operate a topcoat operation in violation of the requirements established in this waiver. Violation of the terms and conditions of this waiver shall subject the Ford Motor Company to enforcement under section 113 (b) and (c) of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7412 (b) and (c)) and under section 120 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7420), as well as possible citizen enforcement under section 304 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7604).
(3) This waiver shall not be construed to constrain the State of Missouri from imposing upon the Ford Motor Corporation any emission reduction at Ford's Hazelwood passenger van assembly plant necessary for the maintenance of reasonable further progress or the attainment of the national ambient air quality standards for ozone or the maintenance of the national ambient air quality standard for ozone. Furthermore, this waiver shall not be construed as granting any exemptions from the applicability, enforcement, or other provisions of any other standards that apply or may apply to topcoat operations or any other operations at this passenger van assembly plant.
§ 60.390a   Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to the following affected facilities in an automobile or light-duty truck assembly plant specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section:
(1) Each prime coat operation, each guide coat operation, and each topcoat operation.
(2) All storage containers and mixing vessels in which coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials are stored or mixed.
(3) All manual and automated equipment and containers used for conveying coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials.
(4) All storage containers and all manual and automated equipment and containers used for conveying waste materials generated by a coating operation.
(b) Exempted from the provisions of this subpart are operations used to coat plastic body components on separate coating lines. The attachment of plastic body parts to a metal body before the body is coated does not cause the metal body coating operation to be exempted.
(c) The provisions of this subpart apply to any affected facility identified in paragraph (a) of this section that begins construction, reconstruction, or modification after May 18, 2022.
(d) The following physical or operational changes are not, by themselves, considered modifications of existing facilities:
(1) Changes as a result of model year changeovers or switches to larger vehicles.
(2) Changes in the application of the coatings to increase coating film thickness.
§ 60.391a   Definitions.
All terms used in this subpart that are not defined below have the meaning given to them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
Applied coating solids means the volume of dried or cured coating solids which is deposited and remains on the surface of the automobile or light-duty truck body.
Automobile means a motor vehicle capable of carrying no more than 12 passengers.
Automobile and light-duty truck assembly plant means a facility that assembles automobiles or light-duty trucks, including coating facilities and processes.
Automobile and light-duty truck body means the exterior surface of an automobile or light-duty truck including hoods, fenders, cargo boxes, doors, and grill opening panels.
Bake oven means a device that uses heat to dry or cure coatings.
Electrodeposition (EDP) means a method of applying a prime coat by which the automobile or light-duty truck body is submerged in a tank filled with coating material and an electrical field is used to affect the deposition of the coating material on the body.
Electrostatic spray application means a spray application method that uses an electrical potential to increase the transfer efficiency of the coating solids. Electrostatic spray application can be used for prime coat, guide coat, or topcoat operations.
Flash-off area means the structure on automobile and light-duty truck assembly lines between the coating application system (dip tank or spray booth) and the bake oven. Flash off area also means the structure between spray booths in a wet-on-wet coating process in which some of the solvent evaporates before the next spray booth; the flash off area may be ambient temperature or heated to accelerate evaporation.
Guide coat operation means the guide coat spray booth, flash-off area, and bake oven(s) which are used to apply and dry or cure a surface coating between the prime coat and topcoat operation on the components of automobile and light-duty truck bodies.
Light-duty truck means any motor vehicle rated at 3,850 kilograms gross vehicle weight or less, designed mainly to transport property.
Plastic body means an automobile or light-duty truck body constructed of synthetic organic material.
Plastic body component means any component of an automobile or light-duty truck exterior surface constructed of synthetic organic material.
Prime coat operation means the prime coat spray booth or dip tank, flash-off area, and bake oven(s) which are used to apply and dry or cure the initial coating on components of automobile or light-duty truck bodies.
Purge or line purge means the coating material expelled from the spray system when clearing it.
Solvent-borne means a coating which contains five percent or less water by weight in its volatile fraction.
Spray application means a method of applying coatings by atomizing the coating material and directing the atomized material toward the part to be coated. Spray applications can be used for prime coat, guide coat, and topcoat operations.
Spray booth means a structure housing automatic or manual spray application equipment where prime coat, guide coat, or topcoat is applied to components of automobile or light-duty truck bodies.
Surface coating operation means any prime coat, guide coat, or topcoat operation on an automobile or light-duty truck surface coating line.
Topcoat operation means the topcoat spray booth(s), heated flash-off area, flash-off area, and bake oven(s) which are used to apply and dry or cure the final coating(s) on components of automobile and light-duty truck bodies.
Transfer efficiency means the ratio of the amount of coating solids transferred onto the surface of a part or product to the total amount of coating solids used.
VOC content means all volatile organic compounds that are in a coating expressed as kilograms of VOC per liter of coating solids.
Waterborne or water reducible means a coating which contains more than five weight percent water in its volatile fraction.
§ 60.392a   Standards for volatile organic compounds.
You must comply with the requirements in paragraphs (a) through (h) of this section.
(a) Emission limitations. On and after the date on which the initial performance test required by § 60.8 is completed, you must not discharge or cause the discharge into the atmosphere from any affected facility VOC emissions in excess of the limits in paragraph (a)(1) through (4) of this section. The emission limitations listed in this paragraph (a) of this section shall apply at all times, including periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction. As provided in § 60.11(f), this provision supersedes the exemptions for periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction in the part 60 general provisions in subpart A to this part.
(1) For each EDP prime coat operation:
(i) 0.027 kilogram of VOC per liter of applied coating solids when R T is 0.16 or greater.
(ii) 0.027 × 350 (0.160−RT) kg of VOC per liter of applied coating solids when RT is greater than or equal to 0.040 and less than 0.160.
(iii) When R T is less than 0.040, there is no emission limit.
(2) 0.027 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids (0.23 pounds per gallon of applied coating solids) from each non-EDP prime coat operation.
(3) 0.35 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids (2.92 pounds per gallon of applied coating solids) from each guide coat operation.
(4) 0.42 kilograms of VOC per liter of applied coating solids (3.53 pounds per gallon of applied coating solids) from each topcoat operation.
(b) Work practices for storage, mixing, and conveying. You must develop and implement a work practice plan to minimize VOC emissions from the storage, mixing, and conveying of coatings, thinners, and cleaning materials used in, and waste materials generated by, all coating operations for which emission limits are established under § 60.392a(a). The plan must specify practices and procedures to ensure that, at a minimum, the elements specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section are implemented.
(1) All VOC-containing coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be stored in closed containers.
(2) The risk of spills of VOC-containing coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be minimized.
(3) VOC-containing coatings, thinners, cleaning materials, and waste materials must be conveyed from one location to another in closed containers or pipes.
(4) Mixing vessels, other than day tanks equipped with continuous agitation systems, which contain VOC-containing coatings and other materials must be closed except when adding to, removing, or mixing the contents.
(5) Emissions of VOC must be minimized during cleaning of storage, mixing, and conveying equipment.
(c) Work practices for cleaning and purging. You must develop and implement a work practice plan to minimize VOC emissions from cleaning and from purging of equipment associated with all coating operations for which emission limits are established under paragraph (a) of this section.
(1) The plan shall, at a minimum, address each of the operations listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section in which you use VOC-containing materials or in which there is a potential for emission of VOC.
(i) The plan must address vehicle body wipe emissions through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(A) through (D) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Use of solvent-moistened wipes.
(B) Keeping solvent containers closed when not in use.
(C) Keeping wipe disposal/recovery containers closed when not in use.
(D) Use of tack-wipes.
(ii) The plan must address coating line purging emissions through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(ii)(A) through (D) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Air/solvent push-out.
(B) Capture and reclaim or recovery of purge materials (excluding applicator nozzles/tips).
(C) Block painting to the maximum extent feasible.
(D) Use of low-VOC or no-VOC solvents for purge.
(iii) The plan must address emissions from flushing of coating systems through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(iii)(A) through (D) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Keeping solvent tanks closed.
(B) Recovering and recycling solvents.
(C) Keeping recovered/recycled solvent tanks closed.
(D) Use of low-VOC or no-VOC solvents.
(iv) The plan must address emissions from cleaning of spray booth grates through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(iv)(A) through (E) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Controlled burn-off.
(B) Rinsing with high-pressure water (in place).
(C) Rinsing with high-pressure water (off line).
(D) Use of spray-on masking or other type of liquid masking.
(E) Use of low-VOC or no-VOC content cleaners.
(v) The plan must address emissions from cleaning of spray booth walls through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(v)(A) through (E) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Use of masking materials (contact paper, plastic sheet, or other similar type of material).
(B) Use of spray-on masking.
(C) Use of rags and manual wipes instead of spray application when cleaning walls.
(D) Use of low-VOC or no-VOC content cleaners.
(E) Controlled access to cleaning solvents.
(vi) The plan must address emissions from cleaning of spray booth equipment through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(vi)(A) through (E) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Use of covers on equipment (disposable or reusable).
(B) Use of parts cleaners (off-line submersion cleaning).
(C) Use of spray-on masking or other protective coatings.
(D) Use of low-VOC or no-VOC content cleaners.
(E) Controlled access to cleaning solvents.
(vii) The plan must address emissions from cleaning of external spray booth areas through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(vii)(A) through (F) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Use of removable floor coverings (paper, foil, plastic, or similar type of material).
(B) Use of manual and/or mechanical scrubbers, rags, or wipes instead of spray application.
(C) Use of shoe cleaners to eliminate coating track-out from spray booths.
(D) Use of booties or shoe wraps.
(E) Use of low-VOC or no-VOC content cleaners.
(F) Controlled access to cleaning solvents.
(viii) The plan must address emissions from housekeeping measures not addressed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section through one or more of the techniques listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(viii)(A) through (C) of this section, or an approved alternative.
(A) Keeping solvent-laden articles (cloths, paper, plastic, rags, wipes, and similar items) in covered containers when not in use.
(B) Storing new and used solvents in closed containers.
(C) Transferring of solvents in a manner to minimize the risk of spills.
(2) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section, if the type of coatings used in any facility with surface coating operations subject to the requirements of this section are of such a nature that the need for one or more of the practices specified under paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section is eliminated, then the plan may include approved alternative or equivalent measures that are applicable or necessary during cleaning of storage, conveying, and application equipment.
(d) Work practice plan revisions. The work practice plans developed in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section are not required to be incorporated in your title V permit. Any revisions to the work practice plans developed in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section do not constitute revisions to your title V permit.
(e) Work practice plan retention time. Copies of the current work practice plans developed in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, as well as plans developed within the preceding 5 years must be available on-site for inspection and copying by the permitting authority.
(f) Operating limits. You are not required to meet any operating limits for any coating operation(s) without add-on controls, nor are you required to meet operating limits for any coating operation(s) that do not utilize emission capture systems and add-on controls to comply with the emission limits in § 60.392a(a).
(g) Operating limits for operations with add-on controls. Except as provided in paragraph (h) of this section, for any controlled coating operation(s), you must meet the operating limits specified in table 1 to this subpart. These operating limits apply to the emission capture and add-on control systems for affected sources in § 60.390a(a)(1), and you must establish the operating limits during performance tests according to the requirements in § 60.394a. You must meet the operating limits at all times after you establish them.
(h) Alternative operating limits. If you use an add-on control device other than those listed in table 1 to this subpart or wish to monitor an alternative parameter and comply with a different operating limit, you must apply to the Administrator for approval of alternative monitoring under § 60.13(i).