Title 40—Protection of Environment--Volume 1
PART 63—NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES
§ 63.1011   Pressure relief devices in gas and vapor service standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Compliance standard. Except during pressure releases as provided for in paragraph (c) of this section, each pressure relief device in gas or vapor service shall be operated with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million as measured by the method specified in § 63.1004(c).
(c) Pressure relief requirements. (1) After each pressure release, the pressure relief device shall be returned to a condition indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million, as soon as practical, but no later than 5 calendar days after each pressure release, except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section.
(2) The pressure relief device shall be monitored no later than five calendar days after the pressure release and being returned to regulated material service to confirm the condition indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million, as measured by the method specified in § 63.1004(c).
(3) The owner or operator shall record the dates and results of the monitoring required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section following a pressure release including maximum instrument reading measured during the monitoring and the background level measured if the instrument reading is adjusted for background.
(d) Pressure relief devices routed to a process or fuel gas system or equipped with a closed vent system and control device. Any pressure relief device that is routed to a process or fuel gas system or equipped with a closed vent system that captures and transports leakage from the pressure relief device to a control device meeting the requirements of § 63.1015 is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(e) Rupture disk exemption. Any pressure relief device that is equipped with a rupture disk upstream of the pressure relief device is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section provided the owner or operator installs a replacement rupture disk upstream of the pressure relief device as soon as practical after each pressure release, but no later than 5 calendar days after each pressure release, except as provided in § 63.1005(d).
§ 63.1012   Compressor standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Seal system standard. Each compressor shall be equipped with a seal system that includes a barrier fluid system and that prevents leakage of process fluid to the atmosphere, except as provided in § 63.1002(b) and paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section. Each compressor seal system shall meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section.
(1) Operated with the barrier fluid at a pressure that is greater than the compressor stuffing box pressure at all times (except during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction); or
(2) Equipped with a barrier fluid system degassing reservoir that is routed to a process or fuel gas system or connected by a closed-vent system to a control device that meets the requirements of § 63.1015; or
(3) Equipped with a closed-loop system that purges the barrier fluid directly into a process stream.
(c) Barrier fluid system. The barrier fluid shall not be in light liquid service. Each barrier fluid system shall be equipped with a sensor that will detect failure of the seal system, barrier fluid system, or both. Each sensor shall be observed daily or shall be equipped with an alarm unless the compressor is located within the boundary of an unmanned plant site.
(d) Failure criterion and leak detection. (1) The owner or operator shall determine, based on design considerations and operating experience, a criterion that indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both. If the sensor indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both based on the criterion, a leak is detected and shall be repaired pursuant to § 63.1005, as applicable.
(2) The owner or operator shall keep records of the design criteria and an explanation of the design criteria; and any changes to these criteria and the reasons for the changes.
(e) Routed to a process or fuel gas system or equipped with a closed vent system and control device. A compressor is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section if it is equipped with a system to capture and transport leakage from the compressor drive shaft seal to a process or a fuel gas system or to a closed vent system that captures and transports leakage from the compressor to a control device meeting the requirements of § 63.1015.
(f) Alternative compressor standard. (1) Any compressor that is designated as described in § 63.1003(e) as operating with no detectable emissions shall operate at all times with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million. A compressor so designated is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section if the compressor is demonstrated initially upon designation, annually, and at other times requested by the Administrator to be operating with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million as measured by the method specified in § 63.1004(c). A compressor may not be designated or operated having an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million as described in § 63.1003(e) if the compressor has a maximum instrument reading greater than 500 parts per million.
(2) The owner or operator shall record the dates and results of each compliance test including the background level measured and the maximum instrument reading measured during each compliance test.
(g) Reciprocating compressor exemption. Any existing reciprocating compressor in a process unit or affected facility that becomes an affected facility under provisions of 40 CFR 60.14 or 60.15 is exempt from paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section provided the owner or operator demonstrates that recasting the distance piece or replacing the compressor are the only options available to bring the compressor into compliance with the provisions of the above exempted paragraphs of this section.
§ 63.1013   Sampling connection systems standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Equipment requirement. Each sampling connection system shall be equipped with a closed purge, closed loop, or closed vent system, except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section. Gases displaced during filling of the sample container are not required to be collected or captured.
(c) Equipment design and operation. Each closed-purge, closed-loop, or closed vent system except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section shall meet the applicable requirements specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(5) of this section.
(1) The system shall return the purged process fluid directly to a process line or fuel gas system meeting the compliance determinations in § 63.1015 or § 63.1002(b) as appropriate; or
(2) Collect and recycle the purged process fluid to a process; or
(3) Be designed and operated to capture and transport all the purged process fluid to a control device that meets the requirements of § 63.1015; or
(4) Collect, store, and transport the purged process fluid to a system or facility identified in paragraph (c)(4)(i), (c)(4)(ii), or (c)(4)(iii) of this section.
(i) A waste management unit as defined in 40 CFR 63.111 or 40 CFR part 63, subpart G, if the waste management unit is complying with the provisions of 40 CFR part 63, subpart G, applicable to group 1 wastewater streams. If the purged process fluid does not contain any organic HAP listed in table 9 of 40 CFR part 63, subpart G, the waste management unit need not be subject to, and operated in compliance with the requirements of 40 CFR part 63, subpart G, applicable to subject wastewater steams provided the facility has a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit or sends the wastewater to an NPDES-permitted facility.
(ii) A treatment, storage, or disposal facility subject to regulation under 40 CFR part 262, 264, 265, or 266; or
(iii) A facility permitted, licensed, or registered by a State to manage municipal or industrial solid waste, if the process fluids are not hazardous waste as defined in 40 CFR part 261.
(5) Containers that are part of a closed-purge system must be covered or closed when not being filled or emptied.
(d) In-situ sampling systems. In-situ sampling systems and sampling systems without purges are exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
§ 63.1014   Open-ended valves or lines standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Equipment and operational requirements. (1) Each open-ended valve or line shall be equipped with a cap, blind flange, plug, or a second valve, except as provided in § 63.1002(b) and paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section. The cap, blind flange, plug, or second valve shall seal the open end at all times except during operations requiring process fluid flow through the open-ended valve or line, or during maintenance. The operational provisions of paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section also apply.
(2) Each open-ended valve or line equipped with a second valve shall be operated in a manner such that the valve on the process fluid end is closed before the second valve is closed.
(3) When a double block and bleed system is being used, the bleed valve or line may remain open during operations that require venting the line between the block valves but shall comply with paragraph (b)(1) of this section at all other times.
(c) Emergency shutdown exemption. Open-ended valves or lines in an emergency shutdown system that are designed to open automatically in the event of a process upset are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Polymerizing materials exemption. Open-ended valves or lines containing materials that would autocatalytically polymerize or, would present an explosion, serious over pressure, or other safety hazard if capped or equipped with a double block and bleed system as specified in paragraph (b) of this section are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
§ 63.1015   Closed vent systems and control devices; or emissions routed to a fuel gas system or process.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Compliance standard. (1) Owners or operators of closed vent systems and nonflare control devices used to comply with provisions of this subpart shall design and operate the closed vent system and nonflare control devices to reduce emissions of regulated material with an efficiency of 95 percent or greater or to reduce emissions of regulated material to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume or, for an enclosed combustion device, to provide a minimum of 760 °C (1400 °F). Owners and operators of closed vent systems and nonflare control devices used to comply with this subpart shall comply with the provisions of subpart SS of this part, except as provided in § 63.1002(b).
(2) Owners or operators of closed vent systems and flares used to comply with the provisions of this subpart shall design and operate the flare as specified in subpart SS of this part, except as provided in § 63.1002(b).
(3) Owners or operators routing emissions from equipment leaks to a fuel gas system or process shall comply with the provisions of subpart SS of this part, except as provided in § 63.1002(b).
§ 63.1016   Alternative means of emission limitation: Enclosed-vented process units.
(a) Use of closed vent system and control device. Process units of affected facilities or portions of process units of affected facilities enclosed in such a manner that all emissions from equipment leaks are routed to a process or fuel gas system or collected and vented through a closed vent system to a control device meeting the requirements of either § 63.1015 or § 63.1002(b) are exempt from the requirements of §§ 63.1006 through 63.1014. The enclosure shall be maintained under a negative pressure at all times while the process unit or affected facility is in operation to ensure that all emissions are routed to a control device.
(b) Recordkeeping. Owners and operators choosing to comply with the requirements of this section shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this section.
(1) Identification of the process unit(s) or affected facilities and the regulated materials they handle.
(2) A schematic of the process unit or affected facility, enclosure, and closed vent system.
(3) A description of the system used to create a negative pressure in the enclosure to ensure that all emissions are routed to the control device.
§ 63.1017   Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Recordkeeping system. An owner or operator of more than one regulated source subject to the provisions of this subpart may comply with the recordkeeping requirements for these regulated sources in one recordkeeping system. The recordkeeping system shall identify each record by regulated source and the type of program being implemented (e.g., quarterly monitoring) for each type of equipment. The records required by this subpart are summarized in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(b) General equipment leak records. (1) As specified in § 63.1003(a) through (d), the owner or operator shall keep general and specific equipment identification if the equipment is not physically tagged and the owner or operator is electing to identify the equipment subject to this subpart through written documentation such as a log or other designation.
(2) The owner or operator shall keep a written plan as specified in § 63.1003(c)(5) for any equipment that is designated as unsafe or difficult-to-monitor.
(3) The owner or operator shall maintain the identity and an explanation as specified in § 63.1003(d)(1) for any equipment that is designated as unsafe-to-repair.
(4) As specified in § 63.1003(e), the owner or operator shall maintain the identity of compressors operating with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million.
(5) The owner or operator shall keep records for leaking equipment as specified in § 63.1004(e).
(6) The owner or operator shall keep records for delay of repair as specified in § 63.1005(c) and records for leak repair as specified in § 63.1005(e).
(c) Specific equipment leak records. (1) For valves, the owner or operator shall maintain the monitoring schedule for each process unit as specified in § 63.1006(b), and the records specified in § 63.1006(e)(4)(i)(B).
(2) For pumps, the owner or operator shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(iii) of this section.
(i) Documentation of pump visual inspections as specified in § 63.1007(b)(4).
(ii) Documentation of dual mechanical seal pump visual inspections as specified in § 63.1007(e)(1)(v).
(iii) For the criteria as to the presence and frequency of drips for dual mechanical seal pumps, records of the design criteria and explanations and any changes and the reason for the changes, as specified in § 63.1007(e)(1)(i).
(3) [Reserved]
(4) For agitators, the owner or operator shall maintain records specified in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) and (c)(4)(ii) of this section.
(i) Documentation of the agitator seal visual inspections as specified in § 63.1009(b)(3).
(ii) Documentation of the design criteria and explanations and any changes and the reason for the changes, as specified in § 63.1009(e)(1)(vi)(A).
(5) For pressure relief devices in gas and vapor or light liquid service, the owner or operator shall keep records of the dates and results of monitoring following a pressure release, as specified in § 63.1011(c)(3).
(6) For compressors, the owner or operator shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (c)(6)(i) and (c)(6)(ii) of this section.
(i) For criteria as to failure of the seal system and/or the barrier fluid system, record the design criteria and explanations and any changes and the reason for the changes, as specified in § 63.1012(d)(2).
(ii) For compressors operating under the alternative compressor standard, record the dates and results of each compliance test as specified in § 63.1012(f)(2).
(7) For process units complying with the enclosed-vented process unit alternative, the owner or operator shall maintain the records for enclosed-vented process units as specified in § 63.1016(b).
§ 63.1018   Reporting requirements.
(a) Periodic reports. The owner or operator shall report the information specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(2) of this section, as applicable, in the periodic report specified in the referencing subpart.
(1) The initial Periodic Report shall include the information specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) and (a)(2) of this section.
(i) Process unit or affected facility identification.
(ii) Number of valves subject to the requirements of § 63.1006, excluding those valves designated for no detectable emissions under the provisions of § 63.1006(e)(4).
(iii) Number of pumps subject to the requirements of § 63.1007, excluding those pumps designated for no detectable emissions under the provisions of § 63.1007(e)(2) and those pumps complying with the closed vent system provisions of § 63.1007(e)(3).
(iv) Number of compressors subject to the requirements of § 63.1012, excluding those compressors designated for no detectable emissions under the provisions of § 63.1012(f) and those compressors complying with the closed vent system provisions of § 63.1012(e).
(2) Each periodic report shall contain the information listed in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (a)(2)(iv) of this section, as applicable.
(i) Process unit identification.
(ii) For each month during the semiannual reporting period,
(A) Number of valves for which leaks were detected as described in § 63.1006(b),
(B) Number of valves for which leaks were not repaired as required in § 63.1006(d),
(C) Number of pumps for which leaks were detected as described in § 63.1007(b) and § 63.1007(e)(1)(vi),
(D) Number of pumps for which leaks were not repaired as required in §§ 63.1007(d) and (e)(5),
(E) Number of compressors for which leaks were detected as described in § 63.1012(d)(1),
(F) Number of compressors for which leaks were not repaired as required in § 63.1012(d)(1), and
(G) The facts that explain each delay of repair and, where appropriate, why the repair was technically infeasible without a process unit or affected facility shutdown.
(iii) Dates of process unit or affected facility shutdowns which occurred within the periodic report reporting period.
(iv) Revisions to items reported according to paragraph (a)(1) of this section if changes have occurred since the initial report or subsequent revisions to the initial report.
(b) Special notifications. An owner or operator electing to comply with either of the alternatives in § 63.1006(b)(5) or (6) shall notify the Administrator of the alternative standard selected before implementing either of the provisions.
§ 63.1019   Applicability.
(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to the control of air emissions from equipment leaks for which another subpart references the use of this subpart for such air emission control. These air emission standards for equipment leaks are placed here for administrative convenience and only apply to those owners and operators of facilities subject to a referencing subpart. The provisions of 40 CFR part 63, subpart A (General Provisions) do not apply to this subpart except as noted in the referencing subpart.
(b) Equipment subject to this subpart. The provisions of this subpart and the referencing subpart apply to equipment that contains or contacts regulated material. This subpart applies to pumps, compressors, agitators, pressure relief devices, sampling connection systems, open-ended valves or lines, valves, connectors, instrumentation systems, and closed vent systems and control devices used to meet the requirements of this subpart.
(c) Equipment in vacuum service. Equipment in vacuum service is excluded from the requirements of this subpart.
(d) Equipment in service less than 300 hours per calendar year. Equipment intended to be in regulated material service less than 300 hours per calendar year is excluded from the requirements of §§ 63.1025 through 63.1034 and § 63.1036 if it is identified as required in § 63.1022(b)(5).
(e) Lines and equipment not containing process fluids. Lines and equipment not containing process fluids are not subject to the provisions of this subpart. Utilities, and other non-process lines, such as heating and cooling systems that do not combine their materials with those in the processes they serve, are not considered to be part of a process unit or affected facility.
(f) Implementation and enforcement. This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or a delegated authority such as the applicable State, local, or tribal agency. If the EPA Administrator has delegated authority to a State, local, or tribal agency, then that agency has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. Contact the applicable EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to a State, local, or tribal agency.
(1) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under section 40 CFR part 63, subpart E, the authorities contained in paragraphs (f)(i) through (v) of this section are retained by the EPA Administrator and are not transferred to the State, local, or tribal agency.
(i) Approval of alternatives to the nonopacity emissions standards in §§ 63.1022 through 62.1034, under § 63.6(g), and the standards for quality improvement programs in § 63.1035. Where these standards reference another subpart, the cited provisions will be delegated according to the delegation provisions of the referenced subpart.
(ii) [Reserved]
(iii) Approval of major changes to test methods under § 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in § 63.90.
(iv) Approval of major changes to monitoring under § 63.8(f) and as defined in § 63.90.
(v) Approval of major changes to recordkeeping and reporting under § 63.10(f) and as defined in § 63.90.
§ 63.1020   Definitions.
All terms used in this part shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in this section.
Batch process means a process in which the equipment is fed intermittently or discontinuously. Processing then occurs in this equipment after which the equipment is generally emptied. Examples of industries that use batch processes include pharmaceutical production and pesticide production.
Batch product-process equipment train means the collection of equipment (e.g., connectors, reactors, valves, pumps, etc.) configured to produce a specific product or intermediate by a batch process.
Car-seal means a seal that is placed on a device that is used to change the position of a valve (e.g., from opened to closed) in such a way that the position of the valve cannot be changed without breaking the seal.
Closed-loop system means an enclosed system that returns process fluid to the process and is not vented directly to the atmosphere.
Closed-purge system means a system or combination of systems and portable containers to capture purged liquids. Containers must be covered or closed when not being filled or emptied.
Closed-vent system means a system that is not open to the atmosphere and is composed of piping, ductwork, connections, and, if necessary, flow inducing devices that transport gas or vapor from an emission point to a control device.
Combustion device means an individual unit of equipment, such as a flare, incinerator, process heater, or boiler, used for the combustion of organic emissions.
Connector means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipelines or a pipeline and a piece of equipment. A common connector is a flange. Joined fittings welded completely around the circumference of the interface are not considered connectors for the purpose of this regulation. For the purpose of reporting and recordkeeping, connector means joined fittings that are not inaccessible, ceramic, or ceramic-lined (e.g., porcelain, glass, or glass-lined) as described in § 63.1027(e)(2).
Continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) means the total equipment that may be required to meet the data acquisition and availability requirements of this part, used to sample, condition (if applicable), analyze, and provide a record of process or control system parameters.
Control device means any combustion device, recovery device, recapture device, or any combination of these devices used to comply with this part. Such equipment or devices include, but are not limited to, absorbers, carbon adsorbers, condensers, incinerators, flares, boilers, and process heaters. Primary condensers on steam strippers or fuel gas systems are not considered control devices.
Distance piece means an open or enclosed casing through which the piston rod travels, separating the compressor cylinder from the crankcase.
Double block and bleed system means two block valves connected in series with a bleed valve or line that can vent the line between the two block valves.
Equipment means each pump, compressor, agitator, pressure relief device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, valve, connector, and instrumentation system in regulated material service; and any control devices or systems used to comply with this subpart.
First attempt at repair, for the purposes of this subpart, means to take action for the purpose of stopping or reducing leakage of organic material to the atmosphere, followed by monitoring as specified in §§ 63.1023(b) and (c) of this subpart in to verify whether the leak is repaired, unless the owner or operator determines by other means that the leak is not repaired.
Fuel gas means gases that are combusted to derive useful work or heat.
Fuel gas system means the offsite and onsite piping and flow and pressure control system that gathers gaseous stream(s) generated by onsite operations, may blend them with other sources of gas, and transports the gaseous stream for use a fuel gas in combustion equipment, such as furnaces and gas turbines, either singly or in combination.
In food and medical service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service contacts a process stream used to manufacture a Food and Drug Administration regulated product where leakage of a barrier fluid into the process stream would cause any of the following:
(1) A dilution of product quality so that the product would not meet written specifications,
(2) An exothermic reaction which is a safety hazard,
(3) The intended reaction to be slowed down or stopped, or
(4) An undesired side reaction to occur.
In gas and vapor service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service contains a gas or vapor at operating conditions.
In heavy liquid service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service is not in gas and vapor service or in light liquid service.
In light liquid service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service contains a liquid that meets the following conditions:
(1) The vapor pressure of one or more of the organic compounds is greater than 0.3 kilopascals at 20 °C,
(2) The total concentration of the pure organic compounds constituents having a vapor pressure greater than 0.3 kilopascals at 20 °C is equal to or greater than 20 percent by weight of the total process stream, and
(3) The fluid is a liquid at operating conditions.
Vapor pressures may be determined by standard reference texts or ASTM D-2879.)
In liquid service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service is not in gas and vapor service.
In organic hazardous air pollutant or in organic HAP service means that piece of equipment either contains or contracts a fluid (liquid or gas) that is at least 5 percent by weight of total organic HAP's as determined according to the provisions of § 63.180(d) of subpart H. The provisions of § 63.180(d) of subpart H also specify how to determine that a piece of equipment is not in organic HAP service.
In regulated material service means, for the purposes of this subpart, equipment which meets the definition of “in VOC service,” “in VHAP service,” “in organic hazardous air pollutant service,” or “in” other chemicals or groups of chemicals “service” as defined in the referencing subpart.
In-situ sampling systems means nonextractive samplers or in-line samplers.
In vacuum service means that equipment is operating at an internal pressure which is at least 5 kilopascals below ambient pressure.
Initial startup means for new sources, the first time the source begins production. For additions or changes not defined as a new source by this subpart, initial startup means the first time additional or changed equipment is put into operation. Initial startup does not include operation solely for testing of equipment. Initial startup does not include subsequent startup of process units following malfunction or process unit shutdowns. Except for equipment leaks, initial startup also does not include subsequent startups (of process units following changes in product for flexible operation units or following recharging of equipment in batch unit operations).
Instrumentation system means a group of equipment components used to condition and convey a sample of the process fluid to analyzers and instruments for the purpose of determining process operating conditions (e.g., composition, pressure, flow, etc.). Valves and connectors are the predominant type of equipment used in instrumentation systems; however, other types of equipment may also be included in these systems. Only valves nominally 1.27 centimeters (0.5 inches) and smaller, and connectors nominally 1.91 centimeters (0.75 inches) and smaller in diameter are considered instrumentation systems for the purposes of this subpart. Valves greater than nominally 1.27 centimeters (0.5 inches) and connectors greater than nominally 1.91 centimeters (0.75 inches) associated with instrumentation systems are not considered part of instrumentation systems and must be monitored individually.
Liquids dripping means any visible leakage from the seal including dripping, spraying, misting, clouding, and ice formation. Indications of liquids dripping include puddling or new stains that are indicative of an existing evaporated drip.
Nonrepairable means that it is technically infeasible to repair a piece of equipment from which a leak has been detected without a process unit or affected facility shutdown.
Open-ended valve or line means any valve, except relief valves, having one side of the valve seat in contact with process fluid and one side open to atmosphere, either directly or through open piping.
Organic monitoring device means a unit of equipment used to indicate the concentration level of organic compounds based on a detection principle such as infra-red, photoionization, or thermal conductivity.
Polymerizing monomer means a compound which may form polymer buildup in pump mechanical seals resulting in rapid mechanical seal failure.
Pressure release means the emission of materials resulting from the system pressure being greater than the set pressure of the relief device. This release can be one release or a series of releases over a short time period due to a malfunction in the process.
Pressure relief device or valve means a safety device used to prevent operating pressures from exceeding the maximum allowable working pressure of the process equipment. A common pressure relief device is a spring-loaded pressure relief valve. Devices that are actuated either by a pressure of less than or equal to 2.5 pounds per square inch gauge or by a vacuum are not pressure relief devices.
Process unit means the equipment specified in the definitions of process unit in the applicable referencing subpart. If the referencing subpart does not define process unit, then for the purposes of this part, process unit means the equipment assembled and connected by pipes or ducts to process raw materials and to manufacture an intended product.
Process unit shutdown means a work practice or operational procedure that stops production from a process unit, or part of a process unit during which it is technically feasible to clear process material from a process unit, or part of a process unit, consistent with safety constraints and during which repairs can be affected. The following are not considered process unit shutdowns:
(1) An unscheduled work practice or operations procedure that stops production from a process unit, or part of a process unit, for less than 24 hours.
(2) An unscheduled work practice or operations procedure that would stop production from a process unit, or part of a process unit, for a shorter period of time than would be required to clear the process unit, or part of the process unit, of materials and start up the unit, and would result in greater emissions than delay of repair of leaking components until the next scheduled process unit shutdown.
(3) The use of spare equipment and technically feasible bypassing of equipment without stopping production.
Referencing subpart means the subpart that refers an owner or operator to this subpart.
Regulated material, for purposes of this part, refers to gas from volatile organic liquids (VOL), volatile organic compounds (VOC), hazardous air pollutants (HAP), or other chemicals or groups of chemicals that are regulated by the referencing subpart.
Regulated source for the purposes of this part, means the stationary source, the group of stationary sources, or the portion of a stationary source that is regulated by a referencing subpart.
Relief device or valve means a valve used only to release an unplanned, nonroutine discharge. A relief valve discharge can result from an operator error, a malfunction such as a power failure or equipment failure, or other unexpected cause that requires immediate venting of gas from process equipment in order to avoid safety hazards or equipment damage.
Repaired, for the purposes of this subpart, means that equipment is adjusted, or otherwise altered, to eliminate a leak as defined in the applicable sections of this subpart and unless otherwise specified in applicable provisions of this subpart, is monitored as specified in §§ 63.1023(b) and (c) to verify that emissions from the equipment are below the applicable leak definition.
Routed to a process or route to a process means the emissions are conveyed to any enclosed portion of a process unit where the emissions are predominantly recycled and/or consumed in the same manner as a material that fulfills the same function in the process and/or transformed by chemical reaction into materials that are not regulated materials and/or incorporated into a product; and/or recovered.
Sampling connection system means an assembly of equipment within a process unit or affected facility used during periods of representative operation to take samples of the process fluid. Equipment used to take nonroutine grab samples is not considered a sampling connection system.
Screwed (threaded) connector means a threaded pipe fitting where the threads are cut on the pipe wall and the fitting requires only two pieces to make the connection (i.e., the pipe and the fitting).
Sensor means a device that measures a physical quantity or the change in a physical quantity, such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, pH, or liquid level.
Set pressure means for the purposes of this subpart, the pressure at which a properly operating pressure relief device begins to open to relieve atypical process system operating pressure.
Start-up means the setting into operation of a piece of equipment or a control device that is subject to this subpart.
§ 63.1021   Alternative means of emission limitation.
(a) Performance standard exemption. The provisions of paragraph (b) of this section do not apply to the performance standards of § 63.1030(b) for pressure relief devices or § 63.1031(f) for compressors operating under the alternative compressor standard.
(b) Requests by owners or operators. An owner or operator may request a determination of alternative means of emission limitation to the requirements of §§ 63.1025 through 63.1034 as provided in paragraph (d) of this section. If the Administrator makes a determination that a means of emission limitation is a permissible alternative, the owner or operator shall either comply with the alternative or comply with the requirements of §§ 63.1025 through 63.1034.
(c) Requests by manufacturers of equipment. (1) Manufacturers of equipment used to control equipment leaks of the regulated material may apply to the Administrator for permission for an alternative means of emission limitation that achieves a reduction in emissions of the regulated material achieved by the equipment, design, and operational requirements of this subpart.
(2) The Administrator will grant permission according to the provisions of paragraph (d) of this section.
(d) Permission to use an alternative means of emission limitation. Permission to use an alternative means of emission limitation shall be governed by the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(4) of this section.
(1) Where the standard is an equipment, design, or operational requirement, the requirements of paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (d)(1)(iii) of this section apply.
(i) Each owner or operator applying for permission to use an alternative means of emission limitation shall be responsible for collecting and verifying emission performance test data for an alternative means of emission limitation.
(ii) The Administrator will compare test data for the means of emission limitation to test data for the equipment, design, and operational requirements.
(iii) The Administrator may condition the permission on requirements that may be necessary to ensure operation and maintenance to achieve at least the same emission reduction as the equipment, design, and operational requirements of this subpart.
(2) Where the standard is a work practice, the requirements of paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (d)(2)(vi) of this section apply.
(i) Each owner or operator applying for permission to use an alternative means of emission limitation shall be responsible for collecting and verifying test data for the alternative.
(ii) For each kind of equipment for which permission is requested, the emission reduction achieved by the required work practices shall be demonstrated for a minimum period of 12 months.
(iii) For each kind of equipment for which permission is requested, the emission reduction achieved by the alternative means of emission limitation shall be demonstrated.
(iv) Each owner or operator applying for such permission shall commit, in writing, for each kind of equipment to work practices that provide for emission reductions equal to or greater than the emission reductions achieved by the required work practices.
(v) The Administrator will compare the demonstrated emission reduction for the alternative means of emission limitation to the demonstrated emission reduction for the required work practices and will consider the commitment in paragraph (d)(2)(iv) of this section.
(vi) The Administrator may condition the permission on requirements that may be necessary to ensure operation and maintenance to achieve the same or greater emission reduction as the required work practices of this subpart.
(3) An owner or operator may offer a unique approach to demonstrate the alternative means of emission limitation.
(4) If, in the judgement of the Administrator, an alternative means of emission limitation will be approved, the Administrator will publish a notice of the determination in the Federal Register using the procedures specified in the referencing subpart.
§ 63.1022   Equipment identification.
(a) General equipment identification. Equipment subject to this subpart shall be identified. Identification of the equipment does not require physical tagging of the equipment. For example, the equipment may be identified on a plant site plan, in log entries, by designation of process unit or affected facility boundaries by some form of weatherproof identification, or by other appropriate methods.
(b) Additional equipment identification. In addition to the general identification required by paragraph (a) of this section, equipment subject to any of the provisions in §§ 63.1023 through 63.1034 shall be specifically identified as required in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this section, as applicable. This paragraph does not apply to an owner or operator of a batch product process who elects to pressure test the batch product process equipment train pursuant to § 63.1036.
(1) Connectors. Except for inaccessible, ceramic, or ceramic-lined connectors meeting the provision of § 63.1027(e)(2) and instrumentation systems identified pursuant to paragraph (b)(4) of this section, identify the connectors subject to the requirements of this subpart. Connectors need not be individually identified if all connectors in a designated area or length of pipe subject to the provisions of this subpart are identified as a group, and the number of connectors subject is indicated. With respect to connectors, the identification shall be complete no later than the completion of the initial survey required by paragraph (a) of this section.
(2) Routed to a process or fuel gas system or equipped with a closed vent system and control device. Identify the equipment that the owner or operator elects to route to a process or fuel gas system or equip with a closed vent system and control device, under the provisions of § 63.1026(e)(3) (pumps in light liquid service), § 63.1028(e)(3) (agitators), § 63.1030(d) (pressure relief devices in gas and vapor service), § 63.1031(e) (compressors), or § 63.1037(a) (alternative means of emission limitation for enclosed-vented process units).
(3) Pressure relief devices. Identify the pressure relief devices equipped with rupture disks, under the provisions of § 63.1030(e).
(4) Instrumentation systems. Identify instrumentation systems subject to the provisions of § 63.1029 of this subpart. Individual components in an instrumentation system need not be identified.
(5) Equipment in service less than 300 hours per calendar year. The identity, either by list, location (area or group), or other method, of equipment in regulated material service less than 300 hours per calendar year within a process unit or affected facilities subject to the provisions of this subpart shall be recorded.
(c) Special equipment designations: Equipment that is unsafe or difficult-to-monitor —(1) Designation and criteria for unsafe-to-monitor. Valves meeting the provisions of § 63.1025(e)(1), pumps meeting the provisions of § 63.1026(e)(6), connectors meeting the provisions of § 63.1027(e)(1), and agitators meeting the provisions of § 63.1028(e)(7) may be designated unsafe-to-monitor if the owner or operator determines that monitoring personnel would be exposed to an immediate danger as a consequence of complying with the monitoring requirements of this subpart. Examples of unsafe-to-monitor equipment include, but is not limited to, equipment under extreme pressure or heat.
(2) Designation and criteria for difficult-to-monitor. Valves meeting the provisions of § 63.1025(e)(2) may be designated difficult-to-monitor if the provisions of paragraph (c)(2)(i) apply. Agitators meeting the provisions of § 63.1028(e)(5) may be designated difficult-to-monitor if the provisions of paragraph (c)(2)(ii) apply.
(i) Valves. (A) The owner or operator of the valve determines that the valve cannot be monitored without elevating the monitoring personnel more than 2 meters (7 feet) above a support surface or it is not accessible in a safe manner when it is in regulated material service; and
(B) The process unit or affected facility within which the valve is located is an existing source, or the owner or operator designates less than 3 percent of the total number of valves in a new source as difficult-to-monitor.
(ii) Agitators. The owner or operator determines that the agitator cannot be monitored without elevating the monitoring personnel more than 2 meters (7 feet) above a support surface or it is not accessible in a safe manner when it is in regulated material service.
(3) Identification of unsafe or difficult-to-monitor equipment. The owner or operator shall record the identity of equipment designated as unsafe-to-monitor according to the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section and the planned schedule for monitoring this equipment. The owner or operator shall record the identity of equipment designated as difficult-to-monitor according to the provisions of paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the planned schedule for monitoring this equipment, and an explanation why the equipment is unsafe or difficult-to-monitor. This record must be kept at the plant and be available for review by an inspector.
(4) Written plan requirements. (i) The owner or operator of equipment designated as unsafe-to-monitor according to the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section shall have a written plan that requires monitoring of the equipment as frequently as practical during safe-to-monitor times, but not more frequently than the periodic monitoring schedule otherwise applicable, and repair of the equipment according to the procedures in § 63.1024 if a leak is detected.
(ii) The owner or operator of equipment designated as difficult-to-monitor according to the provisions of paragraph (c)(2) of this section shall have a written plan that requires monitoring of the equipment at least once per calendar year and repair of the equipment according to the procedures in § 63.1024 if a leak is detected.
(d) Special equipment designations: Equipment that is unsafe-to-repair —(1) Designation and criteria. Connectors subject to the provisions of § 63.1024(e) may be designated unsafe-to-repair if the owner or operator determines that repair personnel would be exposed to an immediate danger as a consequence of complying with the repair requirements of this subpart, and if the connector will be repaired before the end of the next process unit or affected facility shutdown as specified in § 63.1024(e)(2).
(2) Identification of equipment. The identity of connectors designated as unsafe-to-repair and an explanation why the connector is unsafe-to-repair shall be recorded.
(e) Special equipment designations: Compressors operating with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million above background. Identify the compressors that the owner or operator elects to designate as operating with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million above background, under the provisions of § 63.1031(f).
(f) Special equipment designations: Equipment in heavy liquid service. The owner or operator of equipment in heavy liquid service shall comply with the requirements of either paragraph (f)(1) or (f)(2) of this section, as provided in paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
(1) Retain information, data, and analyses used to determine that a piece of equipment is in heavy liquid service.
(2) When requested by the Administrator, demonstrate that the piece of equipment or process is in heavy liquid service.
(3) A determination or demonstration that a piece of equipment or process is in heavy liquid service shall include an analysis or demonstration that the process fluids do not meet the definition of “in light liquid service.” Examples of information that could document this include, but are not limited to, records of chemicals purchased for the process, analyses of process stream composition, engineering calculations, or process knowledge.
§ 63.1023   Instrument and sensory monitoring for leaks.
(a) Monitoring for leaks. The owner or operator of a regulated source subject to this subpart shall monitor regulated equipment as specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section for instrument monitoring and paragraph (a)(2) of this section for sensory monitoring.
(1) Instrument monitoring for leaks. (i) Valves in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service shall be monitored pursuant to § 63.1025(b).
(ii) Pumps in light liquid service shall be monitored pursuant to § 63.1026(b).
(iii) Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service shall be monitored pursuant to § 63.1027(b).
(iv) Agitators in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service shall be monitored pursuant to § 63.1028(c).
(v) Pressure relief devices in gas and vapor service shall be monitored pursuant to § 63.1030(c).
(vi) Compressors designated to operate with an instrument reading less than 500 parts per million above background, as described in § 63.1022(e), shall be monitored pursuant to § 63.1031(f).
(2) Sensory monitoring for leaks. (i) Pumps in light liquid service shall be observed pursuant to §§ 63.1026(b)(4) and (e)(1)(v).
(ii) [Reserved]
(iii) Agitators in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service shall be observed pursuant to § 63.1028(c)(3) or (e)(1)(iv).
(iv) [Reserved]
(b) Instrument monitoring methods. Instrument monitoring, as required under this subpart, shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(6) of this section.
(1) Monitoring method. Monitoring shall comply with Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, except as otherwise provided in this section.
(2) Detection instrument performance criteria. (i) Except as provided for in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, the detection instrument shall meet the performance criteria of Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, except the instrument response factor criteria in section 3.1.2, paragraph (a) of Method 21 shall be for the representative composition of the process fluid not each individual VOC in the stream. For process streams that contain nitrogen, air, water or other inerts that are not HAP or VOC, the representative stream response factor shall be determined on an inert-free basis. The response factor may be determined at any concentration for which monitoring for leaks will be conducted.
(ii) If there is no instrument commercially available that will meet the performance criteria specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section, the instrument readings may be adjusted by multiplying by the representative response factor of the process fluid, calculated on an inert-free basis as described in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section.
(3) Detection instrument calibration procedure. The detection instrument shall be calibrated before use on each day of its use by the procedures specified in Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
(4) Detection instrument calibration gas. Calibration gases shall be zero air (less than 10 parts per million of hydrocarbon in air); and the gases specified in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section except as provided in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section.
(i) Mixtures of methane in air at a concentration no more than 2,000 parts per million greater than the leak definition concentration of the equipment monitored. If the monitoring instrument's design allows for multiple calibration scales, then the lower scale shall be calibrated with a calibration gas that is no higher than 2,000 parts per million above the concentration specified as a leak, and the highest scale shall be calibrated with a calibration gas that is approximately equal to 10,000 parts per million. If only one scale on an instrument will be used during monitoring, the owner or operator need not calibrate the scales that will not be used during that day's monitoring.
(ii) A calibration gas other than methane in air may be used if the instrument does not respond to methane or if the instrument does not meet the performance criteria specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section. In such cases, the calibration gas may be a mixture of one or more of the compounds to be measured in air.
(5) Monitoring performance. Monitoring shall be performed when the equipment is in regulated material service or is in use with any other detectable material.
(6) Monitoring data. Monitoring data obtained prior to the regulated source becoming subject to the referencing subpart that do not meet the criteria specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this section may still be used to qualify initially for less frequent monitoring under the provisions in § 63.1025(a)(2), (b)(3) or (b)(4) for valves or § 63.1027(b)(3) for connectors provided the departures from the criteria or from the specified monitoring frequency of § 63.1025(b)(3) or (b)(4) or § 63.1027(b)(3) are minor and do not significantly affect the quality of the data. Examples of minor departures are monitoring at a slightly different frequency (such as every 6 weeks instead of monthly or quarterly), following the performance criteria of section 3.1.2, paragraph (a) of Method 21 of appendix A of 40 CFR part 60 instead of paragraph (b)(2) of this section, or monitoring using a different leak definition if the data would indicate the presence or absence of a leak at the concentration specified in this subpart. Failure to use a calibrated instrument is not considered a minor departure.
(c) Instrument monitoring using background adjustments. The owner or operator may elect to adjust or not to adjust the instrument readings for background. If an owner or operator elects not to adjust instrument readings for background, the owner or operator shall monitor the equipment according to the procedures specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this section. In such cases, all instrument readings shall be compared directly to the applicable leak definition for the monitored equipment to determine whether there is a leak or to determine compliance with § 63.1030(b) (pressure relief devices) or § 63.1031(f) (alternative compressor standard). If an owner or operator elects to adjust instrument readings for background, the owner or operator shall monitor the equipment according to the procedures specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section.
(1) The requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this section shall apply.
(2) The background level shall be determined, using the procedures in Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
(3) The instrument probe shall be traversed around all potential leak interfaces as close to the interface as possible as described in Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
(4) The arithmetic difference between the maximum concentration indicated by the instrument and the background level shall be compared to the applicable leak definition for the monitored equipment to determine whether there is a leak or to determine compliance with § 63.1030(b) (pressure relief devices) or § 63.1031(f) (alternative compressor standard).
(d) Sensory monitoring methods. Sensory monitoring consists of visual, audible, olfactory, or any other detection method used to determine a potential leak to the atmosphere.
(e) Leaking equipment identification and records. (1) When each leak is detected pursuant to the monitoring specified in paragraph (a) of this section, a weatherproof and readily visible identification, shall be attached to the leaking equipment.
(2) When each leak is detected, the information specified in § 63.1024(f) shall be recorded and kept pursuant to the referencing subpart, except for the information for connectors complying with the 8 year monitoring period allowed under § 63.1027(b)(3)(iii) shall be kept 5 years beyond the date of its last use.
§ 63.1024   Leak repair.
(a) Leak repair schedule. The owner or operator shall repair each leak detected as soon as practical, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected, except as provided in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section. A first attempt at repair as defined in this subpart shall be made no later than 5 calendar days after the leak is detected. First attempt at repair for pumps includes, but is not limited to, tightening the packing gland nuts and/or ensuring that the seal flush is operating at design pressure and temperature. First attempt at repair for valves includes, but is not limited to, tightening the bonnet bolts, and/or replacing the bonnet bolts, and/or tightening the packing gland nuts, and/or injecting lubricant into the lubricated packing.
(b) [Reserved]
(c) Leak identification removal —(1) Valves and connectors in gas/vapor and light liquid service. The leak identification on a valve in gas/vapor or light liquid service may be removed after it has been monitored as specified in § 63.1025(d)(2), and no leak has been detected during that monitoring. The leak identification on a connector in gas/vapor or light liquid service may be removed after it has been monitored as specified in § 63.1027(b)(3)(iv) and no leak has been detected during that monitoring.
(2) Other equipment. The identification that has been placed, pursuant to § 63.1023(e)(1), on equipment determined to have a leak, except for a valve or for a connector in gas/vapor or light liquid service that is subject to the provisions of § 63.1027(b)(3)(iv), may be removed after it is repaired.
(d) Delay of repair. Delay of repair is allowed for any of the conditions specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(5) of this section. The owner or operator shall maintain a record of the facts that explain any delay of repairs and, where appropriate, why the repair was technically infeasible without a process unit shutdown.
(1) Delay of repair of equipment for which leaks have been detected is allowed if repair within 15 days after a leak is detected is technically infeasible without a process unit or affected facility shutdown. Repair of this equipment shall occur as soon as practical, but no later than the end of the next process unit or affected facility shutdown, except as provided in paragraph (d)(5) of this section.
(2) Delay of repair of equipment for which leaks have been detected is allowed for equipment that is isolated from the process and that does not remain in regulated material service.
(3) Delay of repair for valves, connectors, and agitators is also allowed if the provisions of paragraphs (d)(3)(i) and (d)(3)(ii) of this section are met.
(i) The owner or operator determines that emissions of purged material resulting from immediate repair would be greater than the fugitive emissions likely to result from delay of repair, and
(ii) When repair procedures are effected, the purged material is collected and destroyed, collected and routed to a fuel gas system or process, or recovered in a control device complying with either § 63.1034 or § 63.1021(b) of this part.
(4) Delay of repair for pumps is also allowed if the provisions of paragraphs (d)(4)(i) and (d)(4)(ii) of this section are met.
(i) Repair requires replacing the existing seal design with a new system that the owner or operator has determined under the provisions of § 63.1035(d) will provide better performance or one of the specifications of paragraphs (d)(4)(i)(A) through (d)(4)(i)(C) of this section are met.
(A) A dual mechanical seal system that meets the requirements of § 63.1026(e)(1) will be installed;
(B) A pump that meets the requirements of § 63.1026(e)(2) will be installed; or
(C) A system that routes emissions to a process or a fuel gas system or a closed vent system and control device that meets the requirements of § 63.1026(e)(3) will be installed; and
(ii) Repair is completed as soon as practical, but not later than 6 months after the leak was detected.
(5) Delay of repair beyond a process unit or affected facility shutdown will be allowed for a valve if valve assembly replacement is necessary during the process unit or affected facility shutdown, and valve assembly supplies have been depleted, and valve assembly supplies had been sufficiently stocked before the supplies were depleted. Delay of repair beyond the second process unit or affected facility shutdown will not be allowed unless the third process unit or affected facility shutdown occurs sooner than 6 months after the first process unit or affected facility shutdown.
(e) Unsafe-to-repair—connectors. Any connector that is designated, as described in § 63.1022(d), as an unsafe-to-repair connector is exempt from the requirements of § 63.1027(d), and paragraph (a) of this section.
(f) Leak repair records. For each leak detected, the information specified in paragraphs (f)(1) through (f)(5) of this section shall be recorded and maintained pursuant to the referencing subpart.
(1) The date of first attempt to repair the leak.
(2) The date of successful repair of the leak.
(3) Maximum instrument reading measured by Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A at the time the leak is successfully repaired or determined to be nonrepairable.
(4) “Repair delayed” and the reason for the delay if a leak is not repaired within 15 calendar days after discovery of the leak as specified in paragraphs (f)(4)(i) and (f)(4)(ii) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator may develop a written procedure that identifies the conditions that justify a delay of repair. The written procedures may be included as part of the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, as required by the referencing subpart for the source, or may be part of a separate document that is maintained at the plant site. In such cases, reasons for delay of repair may be documented by citing the relevant sections of the written procedure.
(ii) If delay of repair was caused by depletion of stocked parts, there must be documentation that the spare parts were sufficiently stocked on-site before depletion and the reason for depletion.
(5) Dates of process unit or affected facility shutdowns that occur while the equipment is unrepaired.
§ 63.1025   Valves in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. (1) The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(2) The use of monitoring data generated before the regulated source became subject to the referencing subpart to qualify initially for less frequent monitoring is governed by the provisions of § 63.1023(b)(6).
(b) Leak detection. Unless otherwise specified in § 63.1021(b) or paragraph (e) of this section, or the referencing subpart, the owner or operator shall monitor all valves at the intervals specified in paragraphs (b)(3) and/or (b)(4) of this section and shall comply with all other provisions of this section.
(1) Monitoring method. The valves shall be monitored to detect leaks by the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c).
(2) Instrument reading that defines a leak. The instrument reading that defines a leak is 500 parts per million or greater.
(3) Monitoring frequency. The owner or operator shall monitor valves for leaks at the intervals specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (b)(3)(v) of this section and shall keep the record specified in paragraph (b)(3)(vi) of this section.
(i) If at least the greater of 2 valves or 2 percent of the valves in a process unit leak, as calculated according to paragraph (c) of this section, the owner or operator shall monitor each valve once per month.
(ii) At process units with less than the greater of 2 leaking valves or 2 percent leaking valves, the owner or operator shall monitor each valve once each quarter, except as provided in paragraphs (b)(3)(iii) through (b)(3)(v) of this section. Monitoring data generated before the regulated source became subject to the referencing subpart and meeting the criteria of either § 63.1023(b)(1) through (b)(5), or § 63.1023(b)(6), may be used to qualify initially for less frequent monitoring under paragraphs (b)(3)(iii) through (b)(3)(v) of this section.
(iii) At process units with less than 1 percent leaking valves, the owner or operator may elect to monitor each valve once every two quarters
(iv) At process units with less than 0.5 percent leaking valves, the owner or operator may elect to monitor each valve once every four quarters.
(v) At process units with less than 0.25 percent leaking valves, the owner or operator may elect to monitor each valve once every 2 years.
(vi) The owner or operator shall keep a record of the monitoring schedule for each process unit.
(4) Valve subgrouping. For a process unit or a group of process units to which this subpart applies, an owner or operator may choose to subdivide the valves in the applicable process unit or group of process units and apply the provisions of paragraph (b)(3) of this section to each subgroup. If the owner or operator elects to subdivide the valves in the applicable process unit or group of process units, then the provisions of paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through (b)(4)(viii) of this section apply.
(i) The overall performance of total valves in the applicable process unit or group of process units to be subdivided shall be less than 2 percent leaking valves, as detected according to paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section and as calculated according to paragraphs (c)(1)(ii) and (c)(2) of this section.
(ii) The initial assignment or subsequent reassignment of valves to subgroups shall be governed by the provisions of paragraphs (b)(4)(ii)(A) through (b)(4)(ii)(C) of this section.
(A) The owner or operator shall determine which valves are assigned to each subgroup. Valves with less than one year of monitoring data or valves not monitored within the last twelve months must be placed initially into the most frequently monitored subgroup until at least one year of monitoring data have been obtained.
(B) Any valve or group of valves can be reassigned from a less frequently monitored subgroup to a more frequently monitored subgroup provided that the valves to be reassigned were monitored during the most recent monitoring period for the less frequently monitored subgroup. The monitoring results must be included with that less frequently monitored subgroup's associated percent leaking valves calculation for that monitoring event.
(C) Any valve or group of valves can be reassigned from a more frequently monitored subgroup to a less frequently monitored subgroup provided that the valves to be reassigned have not leaked for the period of the less frequently monitored subgroup (e.g., for the last 12 months, if the valve or group of valves is to be reassigned to a subgroup being monitored annually). Nonrepairable valves may not be reassigned to a less frequently monitored subgroup.
(iii) The owner or operator shall determine every 6 months if the overall performance of total valves in the applicable process unit or group of process units is less than 2 percent leaking valves and so indicate the performance in the next Periodic Report. If the overall performance of total valves in the applicable process unit or group of process units is 2 percent leaking valves or greater, the owner or operator shall no longer subgroup and shall revert to the program required in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this section for that applicable process unit or group of process units. An owner or operator can again elect to comply with the valve subgrouping procedures of paragraph (b)(4) of this section if future overall performance of total valves in the process unit or group of process units is again less than 2 percent. The overall performance of total valves in the applicable process unit or group of process units shall be calculated as a weighted average of the percent leaking valves of each subgroup according to Equation number 1:
(iv) The owner or operator shall maintain records specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(iv)(A) through (b)(4)(iv)(D) of this section.
(A) Which valves are assigned to each subgroup,
(B) Monitoring results and calculations made for each subgroup for each monitoring period,
(C) Which valves are reassigned, the last monitoring result prior to reassignment, and when they were reassigned, and
(D) The results of the semiannual overall performance calculation required in paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section.
(v) The owner or operator shall notify the Administrator no later than 30 days prior to the beginning of the next monitoring period of the decision to subgroup valves. The notification shall identify the participating process units and the number of valves assigned to each subgroup, if applicable, and may be included in the next Periodic Report.
(vi) The owner or operator shall submit in the periodic reports the information specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(vi)(A) and (b)(4)(vi)(B).
(A) Total number of valves in each subgroup, and
(B) Results of the semiannual overall performance calculation required by paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section.
(vii) To determine the monitoring frequency for each subgroup, the calculation procedures of paragraph (c)(2) of this section shall be used.
(viii) Except for the overall performance calculations required by paragraphs (b)(4)(i) and (iii) of this section, each subgroup shall be treated as if it were a process unit for the purposes of applying the provisions of this section.
(c) Percent leaking valves calculation —(1) Calculation basis and procedures. (i) The owner or operator shall decide no later than the compliance date of this part or upon revision of an operating permit whether to calculate percent leaking valves on a process unit or group of process units basis. Once the owner or operator has decided, all subsequent percentage calculations shall be made on the same basis and this shall be the basis used for comparison with the subgrouping criteria specified in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section.
(ii) The percent leaking valves for each monitoring period for each process unit or valve subgroup, as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, shall be calculated using the following equation:
(2) Calculation for monitoring frequency. When determining monitoring frequency for each process unit or valve subgroup subject to monthly, quarterly, or semiannual monitoring frequencies, the percent leaking valves shall be the arithmetic average of the percent leaking valves from the last two monitoring periods. When determining monitoring frequency for each process unit or valve subgroup subject to annual or biennial (once every 2 years) monitoring frequencies, the percent leaking valves shall be the arithmetic average of the percent leaking valves from the last three monitoring periods.
(3) Nonrepairable valves. (i) Nonrepairable valves shall be included in the calculation of percent leaking valves the first time the valve is identified as leaking and nonrepairable and as required to comply with paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section. Otherwise, a number of nonrepairable valves (identified and included in the percent leaking valves calculation in a previous period) up to a maximum of 1 percent of the total number of valves in regulated material service at a process unit or affected facility may be excluded from calculation of percent leaking valves for subsequent monitoring periods.
(ii) If the number of nonrepairable valves exceeds 1 percent of the total number of valves in regulated material service at a process unit or affected facility, the number of nonrepairable valves exceeding 1 percent of the total number of valves in regulated material service shall be included in the calculation of percent leaking valves.
(d) Leak repair. (1) If a leak is determined pursuant to paragraph (b), (e)(1), or (e)(2) of this section, then the leak shall be repaired using the procedures in § 63.1024, as applicable.
(2) After a leak has been repaired, the valve shall be monitored at least once within the first 3 months after its repair. The monitoring required by this paragraph is in addition to the monitoring required to satisfy the definition of repaired and first attempt at repair.
(i) The monitoring shall be conducted as specified in § 63.1023(b) and (c) of this section, as appropriate, to determine whether the valve has resumed leaking.
(ii) Periodic monitoring required by paragraph (b) of this section may be used to satisfy the requirements of this paragraph, if the timing of the monitoring period coincides with the time specified in this paragraph. Alternatively, other monitoring may be performed to satisfy the requirements of this paragraph, regardless of whether the timing of the monitoring period for periodic monitoring coincides with the time specified in this paragraph.
(iii) If a leak is detected by monitoring that is conducted pursuant to paragraph (d)(2) of this section, the owner or operator shall follow the provisions of paragraphs (d)(2)(iii)(A) and (d)(2)(iii)(B) of this section, to determine whether that valve must be counted as a leaking valve for purposes of paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(A) If the owner or operator elected to use periodic monitoring required by paragraph (b) of this section to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (d)(2) of this section, then the valve shall be counted as a leaking valve.
(B) If the owner or operator elected to use other monitoring, prior to the periodic monitoring required by paragraph (b) of this section, to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (d)(2) of this section, then the valve shall be counted as a leaking valve unless it is repaired and shown by periodic monitoring not to be leaking.
(e) Special provisions for valves —(1) Unsafe-to-monitor valves. Any valve that is designated, as described in § 63.1022(c)(1), as an unsafe-to-monitor valve is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (d)(2) of this section and the owner or operator shall monitor the valve according to the written plan specified in § 63.1022(c)(4).
(2) Difficult-to-monitor valves. Any valve that is designated, as described in § 63.1022(c)(2), as a difficult-to-monitor valve is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section and the owner or operator shall monitor the valve according to the written plan specified in § 63.1022(c)(4).
(3) Fewer than 250 valves. Any equipment located at a plant site with fewer than 250 valves in regulated material service is exempt from the requirements for monthly monitoring specified in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section. Instead, the owner or operator shall monitor each valve in regulated material service for leaks once each quarter, as provided in paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section.
§ 63.1026   Pumps in light liquid service standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Leak detection. Unless otherwise specified in § 63.1021(b), § 63.1036, § 63.1037, or paragraph (e) of this section, the owner or operator shall monitor each pump to detect leaks and shall comply with all other provisions of this section.
(1) Monitoring method and frequency. The pumps shall be monitored monthly to detect leaks by the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c).
(2) Instrument reading that defines a leak. The instrument reading that defines a leak is specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(iii) of this section.
(i) 5,000 parts per million or greater for pumps handling polymerizing monomers;
(ii) 2,000 parts per million or greater for pumps in food/medical service; and
(iii) 1,000 parts per million or greater for all other pumps.
(3) Leak repair exception. For pumps to which a 1,000 parts per million leak definition applies, repair is not required unless an instrument reading of 2,000 parts per million or greater is detected.
(4) Visual inspection. Each pump shall be checked by visual inspection each calendar week for indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal. The owner or operator shall document that the inspection was conducted and the date of the inspection. If there are indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal at the time of the weekly inspection, the owner or operator shall follow the procedure specified in either paragraph (b)(4)(i) or (b)(4)(ii) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator shall monitor the pump as specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c). If the instrument reading indicates a leak as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, a leak is detected and it shall be repaired using the procedures in § 63.1024, except as specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section; or
(ii) The owner or operator shall eliminate the visual indications of liquids dripping.
(c) Percent leaking pumps calculation. (1) The owner or operator shall decide no later than the compliance date of this part or upon revision of an operating permit whether to calculate percent leaking pumps on a process unit basis or group of process units basis. Once the owner or operator has decided, all subsequent percentage calculations shall be made on the same basis.
(2) If, when calculated on a 6-month rolling average, at least the greater of either 10 percent of the pumps in a process unit or three pumps in a process unit leak, the owner or operator shall implement a quality improvement program for pumps that complies with the requirements of § 63.1035.
(3) The number of pumps at a process unit or affected facility shall be the sum of all the pumps in regulated material service, except that pumps found leaking in a continuous process unit or affected facility within 1 month after start-up of the pump shall not count in the percent leaking pumps calculation for that one monitoring period only.
(4) Percent leaking pumps shall be determined by the following equation:
(d) Leak repair. If a leak is detected pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section, then the leak shall be repaired using the procedures in § 63.1024, as applicable, unless otherwise specified in paragraph (b)(5) of this section for leaks identified by visual indications of liquids dripping.
(e) Special provisions for pumps —(1) Dual mechanical seal pumps. Each pump equipped with a dual mechanical seal system that includes a barrier fluid system is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, provided the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (e)(1)(viii) of this section are met.
(i) The owner or operator determines, based on design considerations and operating experience, criteria applicable to the presence and frequency of drips and to the sensor that indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both. The owner or operator shall keep records at the plant of the design criteria and an explanation of the design criteria; and any changes to these criteria and the reasons for the changes. This record must be available for review by an inspector.
(ii) Each dual mechanical seal system shall meet the requirements specified in paragraph (e)(1)(ii)(A), (e)(1)(ii)(B), or (e)(1)(ii)(C) of this section.
(A) Each dual mechanical seal system is operated with the barrier fluid at a pressure that is at all times (except periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction) greater than the pump stuffing box pressure; or
(B) Equipped with a barrier fluid degassing reservoir that is routed to a process or fuel gas system or connected by a closed-vent system to a control device that complies with the requirements of either § 63.1034 or § 63.1021(b) of this part; or
(C) Equipped with a closed-loop system that purges the barrier fluid into a process stream.
(iii) The barrier fluid is not in light liquid service.
(iv) Each barrier fluid system is equipped with a sensor that will detect failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both.
(v) Each pump is checked by visual inspection each calendar week for indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal. The owner or operator shall document that the inspection was conducted and the date of the inspection. If there are indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal at the time of the weekly inspection, the owner or operator shall follow the procedure specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(v)(A) or (e)(1)(v)(B) of this section prior to the next required inspection.
(A) The owner or operator shall monitor the pump as specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023 (c), to determine if there is a leak of regulated material in the barrier fluid. If an instrument reading of 1,000 parts per million or greater is measured, a leak is detected and it shall be repaired using the procedures in § 63.1024; or
(B) The owner or operator shall eliminate the visual indications of liquids dripping.
(vi) If indications of liquids dripping from the pump seal exceed the criteria established in paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section, or if based on the criteria established in paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section the sensor indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both, a leak is detected.
(vii) Each sensor as described in paragraph (e)(1)(iv) of this section is observed daily or is equipped with an alarm unless the pump is located within the boundary of an unmanned plant site.
(viii) When a leak is detected pursuant to paragraph (e)(1)(vi) of this section, it shall be repaired as specified in § 63.1024.
(2) No external shaft. Any pump that is designed with no externally actuated shaft penetrating the pump housing is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
(3) Routed to a process or fuel gas system or equipped with a closed vent system. Any pump that is routed to a process or fuel gas system or equipped with a closed vent system capable of capturing and transporting leakage from the pump to a control device meeting the requirements of § 63.1034 of this part or § 63.1021(b) is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
(4) Unmanned plant site. Any pump that is located within the boundary of an unmanned plant site is exempt from the weekly visual inspection requirement of paragraphs (b)(4) and (e)(1)(v) of this section, and the daily requirements of paragraph (e)(1)(vii) of this section, provided that each pump is visually inspected as often as practical and at least monthly.
(5) 90 percent exemption. If more than 90 percent of the pumps at a process unit or affected facility meet the criteria in either paragraph (e)(1) or (e)(2) of this section, the process unit or affected facility is exempt from the percent leaking calculation in paragraph (c) of this section.
(6) Unsafe-to-monitor pumps. Any pump that is designated, as described in § 63.1022(c)(1), as an unsafe-to-monitor pump is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, the monitoring and inspection requirements of paragraphs (e)(1)(v) through (viii) of this section, and the owner or operator shall monitor and inspect the pump according to the written plan specified in § 63.1022(c)(4).
§ 63.1027   Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall monitor all connectors in each process unit initially for leaks by the later of either 12 months after the compliance date as specified in a referencing subpart or 12 months after initial startup. If all connectors in each process unit have been monitored for leaks prior to the compliance date specified in the referencing subpart, no initial monitoring is required provided either no process changes have been made since the monitoring or the owner or operator can determine that the results of the monitoring, with or without adjustments, reliably demonstrate compliance despite process changes. If required to monitor because of a process change, the owner or operator is required to monitor only those connectors involved in the process change.
(b) Leak detection. Except as allowed in § 63.1021(b), § 63.1036, § 63.1037, or as specified in paragraph (e) of this section, the owner or operator shall monitor all connectors in gas and vapor and light liquid service as specified in paragraphs (a) and (b)(3) of this section.
(1) Monitoring method. The connectors shall be monitored to detect leaks by the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c).
(2) Instrument reading that defines a leak. If an instrument reading greater than or equal to 500 parts per million is measured, a leak is detected.
(3) Monitoring periods. The owner or operator shall perform monitoring, subsequent to the initial monitoring required in paragraph (a) of this section, as specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (b)(3)(iii) of this section, and shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (b)(3)(iv) and (b)(3)(v) of this section. The required period in which monitoring must be conducted shall be determined from paragraphs (b)(3)(i) through (b)(3)(iii) of this section using the monitoring results from the preceding monitoring period. The percent leaking connectors shall be calculated as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(i) If the percent leaking connectors in the process unit was greater than or equal to 0.5 percent, then monitor within 12 months (1 year).
(ii) If the percent leaking connectors in the process unit was greater than or equal to 0.25 percent but less than 0.5 percent, then monitor within 4 years. An owner or operator may comply with the requirements of this paragraph by monitoring at least 40 percent of the connectors within 2 years of the start of the monitoring period, provided all connectors have been monitored by the end of the 4 year monitoring period.
(iii) If the percent leaking connectors in the process unit was less than 0.25 percent, then monitor as provided in paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(A) of this section and either paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(B) or (b)(3)(iii)(C) of this section, as appropriate.
(A) An owner or operator shall monitor at least 50 percent of the connectors within 4 years of the start of the monitoring period.
(B) If the percent leaking connectors calculated from the monitoring results in paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(A) of this section is greater than or equal to 0.35 percent of the monitored connectors, the owner or operator shall monitor as soon as practical, but within the next 6 months, all connectors that have not yet been monitored during the monitoring period. At the conclusion of monitoring, a new monitoring period shall be started pursuant to paragraph (b)(3) of this section, based on the percent leaking connectors of the total monitored connectors.
(C) If the percent leaking connectors calculated from the monitoring results in paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(A) of this section is less than 0.35 percent of the monitored connectors, the owner or operator shall monitor all connectors that have not yet been monitored within 8 years of the start of the monitoring period.
(iv) If, during the monitoring conducted pursuant to paragraph (b)(3)(i) through (b)(3)(iii) of this section, a connector is found to be leaking, it shall be re-monitored once within 90 days after repair to confirm that it is not leaking.
(v) The owner or operator shall keep a record of the start date and end date of each monitoring period under this section for each process unit.
(c) Percent leaking connectors calculation. For use in determining the monitoring frequency, as specified in paragraphs (a) and (b)(3) of this section, the percent leaking connectors as used in paragraphs (a) and (b)(3) of this section shall be calculated by using equation number 4.
(d) Leak repair. If a leak is detected pursuant to paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, then the leak shall be repaired using the procedures in § 63.1024, as applicable.
(e) Special provisions for connectors —(1) Unsafe-to-monitor connectors. Any connector that is designated, as described in § 63.1022(c)(1), as an unsafe-to-monitor connector is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section and the owner or operator shall monitor according to the written plan specified in § 63.1022(c)(4).
(2) Inaccessible, ceramic, or ceramic-lined connectors. (i) Any connector that is inaccessible or that is ceramic or ceramic-lined (e.g., porcelain, glass, or glass-lined), is exempt from the monitoring requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, from the leak repair requirements of paragraph (d) of this section, and from the recordkeeping and reporting requirements of §§ 63.1038 and 63.1039. An inaccessible connector is one that meets any of the provisions specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(i)(A) through (e)(2)(i)(F) of this section, as applicable.
(A) Buried;
(B) Insulated in a manner that prevents access to the connector by a monitor probe;
(C) Obstructed by equipment or piping that prevents access to the connector by a monitor probe;
(D) Unable to be reached from a wheeled scissor-lift or hydraulic-type scaffold that would allow access to connectors up to 7.6 meters (25 feet) above the ground.
(E) Inaccessible because it would require elevating the monitoring personnel more than 2 meters (7 feet) above a permanent support surface or would require the erection of scaffold;
(F) Not able to be accessed at any time in a safe manner to perform monitoring. Unsafe access includes, but is not limited to, the use of a wheeled scissor-lift on unstable or uneven terrain, the use of a motorized man-lift basket in areas where an ignition potential exists, or access would require near proximity to hazards such as electrical lines, or would risk damage to equipment.
(ii) If any inaccessible, ceramic or ceramic-lined connector is observed by visual, audible, olfactory, or other means to be leaking, the visual, audible, olfactory, or other indications of a leak to the atmosphere shall be eliminated as soon as practical.
§ 63.1028   Agitators in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) [Reserved]
(c) Leak detection —(1) Monitoring method. Each agitator seal shall be monitored monthly to detect leaks by the methods specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c), except as provided in § 63.1021(b), § 63.1036, § 63.1037, or paragraph (e) of this section.
(2) Instrument reading that defines a leak. If an instrument reading equivalent of 10,000 parts per million or greater is measured, a leak is detected.
(3) Visual inspection. (i) Each agitator seal shall be checked by visual inspection each calendar week for indications of liquids dripping from the agitator seal. The owner or operator shall document that the inspection was conducted and the date of the inspection.
(ii) If there are indications of liquids dripping from the agitator seal, the owner or operator shall follow the procedures specified in paragraphs (c)(3)(ii)(A) or (c)(3)(ii)(B) of this section prior to the next required inspection.
(A) The owner or operator shall monitor the agitator seal as specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c), to determine if there is a leak of regulated material. If an instrument reading of 10,000 parts per million or greater is measured, a leak is detected, and it shall be repaired according to paragraph (d) of this section; or
(B) The owner or operator shall eliminate the indications of liquids dripping from the agitator seal.
(d) Leak repair. If a leak is detected, then the leak shall be repaired using the procedures in § 63.1024.
(e) Special provisions for agitators —(1) Dual mechanical seal. Each agitator equipped with a dual mechanical seal system that includes a barrier fluid system is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section, provided the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (e)(1)(vi) of this section are met.
(i) Each dual mechanical seal system shall meet the applicable requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i)(A), (e)(1)(i)(B), or (e)(1)(i)(C) of this section.
(A) Operated with the barrier fluid at a pressure that is at all times (except during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction) greater than the agitator stuffing box pressure; or
(B) Equipped with a barrier fluid degassing reservoir that is routed to a process or fuel gas system or connected by a closed-vent system to a control device that meets the requirements of either § 63.1034 or § 63.1021(b); or
(C) Equipped with a closed-loop system that purges the barrier fluid into a process stream.
(ii) The barrier fluid is not in light liquid service.
(iii) Each barrier fluid system is equipped with a sensor that will detect failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both.
(iv) Each agitator seal is checked by visual inspection each calendar week for indications of liquids dripping from the agitator seal. If there are indications of liquids dripping from the agitator seal at the time of the weekly inspection, the owner or operator shall follow the procedure specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(iv)(A) or (e)(1)(iv)(B) of this section prior to the next required inspection.
(A) The owner or operator shall monitor the agitator seal as specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c), to determine the presence of regulated material in the barrier fluid. If an instrument reading equivalent to or greater than 10,000 ppm is measured, a leak is detected and it shall be repaired using the procedures in § 63.1024, or
(B) The owner or operator shall eliminate the visual indications of liquids dripping.
(v) Each sensor as described in paragraph (e)(1)(iii) of this section is observed daily or is equipped with an alarm unless the agitator seal is located within the boundary of an unmanned plant site.
(vi) The owner or operator of each dual mechanical seal system shall meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(vi)(A) and (e)(1)(vi)(B).
(A) The owner or operator shall determine, based on design considerations and operating experience, criteria that indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both and applicable to the presence and frequency of drips. If indications of liquids dripping from the agitator seal exceed the criteria, or if, based on the criteria the sensor indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both, a leak is detected and shall be repaired pursuant to § 63.1024, as applicable.
(B) The owner or operator shall keep records of the design criteria and an explanation of the design criteria; and any changes to these criteria and the reasons for the changes.
(2) No external shaft. Any agitator that is designed with no externally actuated shaft penetrating the agitator housing is exempt from paragraph (c) of this section.
(3) Routed to a process or fuel gas system or equipped with a closed vent system. Any agitator that is routed to a process or fuel gas system that captures and transports leakage from the agitator to a control device meeting the requirements of either § 63.1034 or § 63.1021(b) is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section.
(4) Unmanned plant site. Any agitator that is located within the boundary of an unmanned plant site is exempt from the weekly visual inspection requirement of paragraphs (c)(3) and (e)(1)(iv) of this section, and the daily requirements of paragraph (e)(1)(v) of this section, provided that each agitator is visually inspected as often as practical and at least monthly.
(5) Difficult-to-monitor agitator seals. Any agitator seal that is designated, as described in § 63.1022(c)(2), as a difficult-to-monitor agitator seal is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section and the owner or operator shall monitor the agitator seal according to the written plan specified in § 63.1022(c)(4).
(6) Equipment obstructions. Any agitator seal that is obstructed by equipment or piping that prevents access to the agitator by a monitor probe is exempt from the monitoring requirements of paragraph (c) of this section.
(7) Unsafe-to-monitor agitator seals. Any agitator seal that is designated, as described in § 63.1022(c)(1), as an unsafe-to-monitor agitator seal is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section and the owner or operator of the agitator seal monitors the agitator seal according to the written plan specified in § 63.1022(c)(4).
§ 63.1029   Pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in liquid service; and instrumentation systems standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Leak detection —(1) Monitoring method. Unless otherwise specified in § 63.1021(b), § 63.1036, or § 63.1037, the owner or operator shall comply with paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section. Pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service; pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service; and instrumentation systems shall be monitored within 5 calendar days by the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c), if evidence of a potential leak to the atmosphere is found by visual, audible, olfactory, or any other detection method, unless the potential leak is repaired as required in paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) Instrument reading that defines a leak. If an instrument reading of 10,000 parts per million or greater for agitators, 5,000 parts per million or greater for pumps handling polymerizing monomers, 2,000 parts per million or greater for pumps in food and medical service, or 2,000 parts per million or greater for all other pumps (including pumps in food/medical service), or 500 parts per million or greater for valves, connectors, instrumentation systems, and pressure relief devices is measured pursuant to paragraph (b)(1) of this section, a leak is detected and shall be repaired pursuant to § 63.1024, as applicable.
(c) Leak repair. For equipment identified in paragraph (b) of this section that is not monitored by the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c), repaired shall mean that the visual, audible, olfactory, or other indications of a leak to the atmosphere have been eliminated; that no bubbles are observed at potential leak sites during a leak check using soap solution; or that the system will hold a test pressure.
§ 63.1030   Pressure relief devices in gas and vapor service standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Compliance standard. Except during pressure releases as provided for in paragraph (c) of this section, or as otherwise specified in §§ 63.1036, 63.1037, or paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, each pressure relief device in gas and vapor service shall be operated with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million as measured by the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c).
(c) Pressure relief requirements. (1) After each pressure release, the pressure relief device shall be returned to a condition indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million, as soon as practical, but no later than 5 calendar days after each pressure release, except as provided in § 63.1024(d).
(2) The pressure relief device shall be monitored no later than five calendar days after the pressure to confirm the condition indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million above background, as measured by the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c).
(3) The owner or operator shall record the dates and results of the monitoring required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section following a pressure release including the background level measured and the maximum instrument reading measured during the monitoring.
(d) Pressure relief devices routed to a process or fuel gas system or equipped with a closed vent system and control device. Any pressure relief device that is routed to a process or fuel gas system or equipped with a closed vent system capable of capturing and transporting leakage from the pressure relief device to a control device meeting the requirements of § 63.1034 is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(e) Rupture disk exemption. Any pressure relief device that is equipped with a rupture disk upstream of the pressure relief device is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section provided the owner or operator installs a replacement rupture disk upstream of the pressure relief device as soon as practical after each pressure release but no later than 5 calendar days after each pressure release, except as provided in § 63.1024(d).
§ 63.1031   Compressors standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Seal system standard. Each compressor shall be equipped with a seal system that includes a barrier fluid system and that prevents leakage of process fluid to the atmosphere, except as provided in §§ 63.1021(b), 63.1036, 63.1037, and paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section. Each compressor seal system shall meet the applicable requirements specified in paragraph (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section.
(1) Operated with the barrier fluid at a pressure that is greater than the compressor stuffing box pressure at all times (except during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction); or
(2) Equipped with a barrier fluid system degassing reservoir that is routed to a process or fuel gas system or connected by a closed-vent system to a control device that meets the requirements of either § 63.1034 or § 63.1021(b); or
(3) Equipped with a closed-loop system that purges the barrier fluid directly into a process stream.
(c) Barrier fluid system. The barrier fluid shall not be in light liquid service. Each barrier fluid system shall be equipped with a sensor that will detect failure of the seal system, barrier fluid system, or both. Each sensor shall be observed daily or shall be equipped with an alarm unless the compressor is located within the boundary of an unmanned plant site.
(d) Failure criterion and leak detection. (1) The owner or operator shall determine, based on design considerations and operating experience, a criterion that indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both. If the sensor indicates failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or both based on the criterion, a leak is detected and shall be repaired pursuant to § 63.1024, as applicable.
(2) The owner or operator shall keep records of the design criteria and an explanation of the design criteria; and any changes to these criteria and the reasons for the changes.
(e) Routed to a process or fuel gas system or equipped with a closed vent system. A compressor is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section if it is equipped with a system to capture and transport leakage from the compressor drive shaft seal to a process or a fuel gas system or to a closed vent system that captures and transports leakage from the compressor to a control device meeting the requirements of either § 63.1034 or § 63.1021(b).
(f) Alternative compressor standard. (1) Any compressor that is designated, as described in § 63.1022(e), as operating with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million above background shall operate at all times with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million. A compressor so designated is exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section if the compressor is demonstrated, initially upon designation, annually, and at other times requested by the Administrator to be operating with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million above background, as measured by the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c).
(2) The owner or operator shall record the dates and results of each compliance test including the background level measured and the maximum instrument reading measured during each compliance test.
§ 63.1032   Sampling connection systems standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance dates specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Equipment requirement. Each sampling connection system shall be equipped with a closed-purge, closed-loop, or closed vent system, except as provided in §§ 63.1021(b), 63.1036, 63.1037, or paragraph (d) of this section. Gases displaced during filling of the sample container are not required to be collected or captured.
(c) Equipment design and operation. Each closed-purge, closed-loop, or closed vent system as required in paragraph (b) of this section shall meet the applicable requirements specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(5) of this section.
(1) The system shall return the purged process fluid directly to a process line or to a fuel gas system that meets the requirements of either § 63.1034 or § 63.1021(b); or
(2) [Reserved]
(3) Be designed and operated to capture and transport all the purged process fluid to a control device that meets the requirements of either § 63.1034 or § 63.1021(b); or
(4) Collect, store, and transport the purged process fluid to a system or facility identified in paragraph (c)(4)(i), (c)(4)(ii), or (c)(4)(iii) of this section.
(i) A waste management unit as defined in 40 CFR 63.111 or subpart G, if the waste management unit is subject to and operating in compliance with the provisions of 40 CFR part 63, subpart G, applicable to group 1 wastewater streams. If the purged process fluid does not contain any regulated material listed in Table 9 of 40 CFR part 63, subpart G, the waste management unit need not be subject to, and operated in compliance with the requirements of 40 CFR part 63, subpart G, applicable to group 1 wastewater steams provided the facility has a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit or sends the wastewater to an NPDES-permitted facility.
(ii) A treatment, storage, or disposal facility subject to regulation under 40 CFR parts 262, 264, 265, or 266; or
(iii) A facility permitted, licensed, or registered by a State to manage municipal or industrial solid waste, if the process fluids are not hazardous waste as defined in 40 CFR part 261.
(5) Containers that are part of a closed purge system must be covered or closed when not being filled or emptied.
(d) In-situ sampling systems. In-situ sampling systems and sampling systems without purges are exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
§ 63.1033   Open-ended valves or lines standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance date specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Equipment and operational requirements. (1) Each open-ended valve or line shall be equipped with a cap, blind flange, plug, or a second valve, except as provided in §§ 63.1021(b), 63.1036, 63.1037, and paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section. The cap, blind flange, plug, or second valve shall seal the open end at all times except during operations requiring process fluid flow through the open-ended valve or line, or during maintenance. The operational provisions of paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section also apply.
(2) Each open-ended valve or line equipped with a second valve shall be operated in a manner such that the valve on the process fluid end is closed before the second valve is closed.
(3) When a double block and bleed system is being used, the bleed valve or line may remain open during operations that require venting the line between the block valves but shall comply with paragraph (b)(1) of this section at all other times.
(c) Emergency shutdown exemption. Open-ended valves or lines in an emergency shutdown system that are designed to open automatically in the event of a process upset are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Polymerizing materials exemption. Open-ended valves or lines containing materials that would autocatalytically polymerize or, would present an explosion, serious overpressure, or other safety hazard if capped or equipped with a double block and bleed system as specified in paragraph (b) of this section are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
§ 63.1034   Closed vent systems and control devices; or emissions routed to a fuel gas system or process standards.
(a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator shall comply with this section no later than the compliance date specified in the referencing subpart.
(b) Compliance standard. (1) Owners or operators routing emissions from equipment leaks to a fuel gas system or process shall comply with the provisions of subpart SS of this part, except as provided in § 63.1002(b).
(2) Owners or operators of closed vent systems and control devices used to comply with the provisions of this subpart shall comply with the provisions of subpart SS of this part and (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(iii) of this section, except as provided in § 63.1002(b).
(i) Nonflare control devices shall be designed and operated to reduce emissions of regulated material vented to them with an efficiency of 95 percent or greater, or to an exit concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent. The 20 parts per million by volume standard is not applicable to the provisions of § 63.1016.
(ii) Enclosed combustion devices shall be designed and operated to reduce emissions of regulated material vented to them with an efficiency of 95 percent or greater, or to an exit concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, on a dry basis, corrected to 3 percent oxygen, whichever is less stringent, or to provide a minimum residence time of 0.50 seconds at a minimum temperature of 760 °C (1400 °F).
(iii) Flares used to comply with the provisions of this subpart shall comply with the requirements of subpart SS of this part.
§ 63.1035   Quality improvement program for pumps.
(a) Criteria. If, on a 6-month rolling average, at least the greater of either 10 percent of the pumps in a process unit or affected facility (or plant site) or three pumps in a process unit or affected facility (or plant site) leak, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section.
(1) Pumps that are in food and medical service or in polymerizing monomer service shall comply with all requirements except for those specified in paragraph (d)(8) of this section.
(2) Pumps that are not in food and medical or polymerizing monomer service shall comply with all of the requirements of this section.
(b) Exiting the QIP. The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of this section until the number of leaking pumps is less than the greater of either 10 percent of the pumps or three pumps, calculated as a 6-month rolling average, in the process unit or affected facility (or plant site). Once the performance level is achieved, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in § 63.1026.
(c) Resumption of QIP. If, in a subsequent monitoring period, the process unit or affected facility (or plant site) has greater than either 10 percent of the pumps leaking or three pumps leaking (calculated as a 6-month rolling average), the owner or operator shall resume the quality improvement program starting at performance trials.
(d) QIP requirements. The quality improvement program shall meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(8) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in § 63.1026.
(2) Data collection. The owner or operator shall collect the data specified in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (d)(2)(v) of this section and maintain records for each pump in each process unit or affected facility (or plant site) subject to the quality improvement program. The data may be collected and the records may be maintained on a process unit, affected facility, or plant site basis.
(i) Pump type (e.g., piston, horizontal or vertical centrifugal, gear, bellows); pump manufacturer; seal type and manufacturer; pump design (e.g., external shaft, flanged body); materials of construction; if applicable, barrier fluid or packing material; and year installed.
(ii) Service characteristics of the stream such as discharge pressure, temperature, flow rate, corrosivity, and annual operating hours.
(iii) The maximum instrument readings observed in each monitoring observation before repair, response factor for the stream if appropriate, instrument model number, and date of the observation.
(iv) If a leak is detected, the repair methods used and the instrument readings after repair.
(v) If the data will be analyzed as part of a larger analysis program involving data from other plants or other types of process units or affected facilities, a description of any maintenance or quality assurance programs used in the process unit or affected facility that are intended to improve emission performance.
(3) The owner or operator shall continue to collect data on the pumps as long as the process unit or affected facility (or plant site) remains in the quality improvement program.
(4) Pump or pump seal inspection. The owner or operator shall inspect all pumps or pump seals that exhibited frequent seal failures and were removed from the process unit or affected facility due to leaks. The inspection shall determine the probable cause of the pump seal failure or of the pump leak and shall include recommendations, as appropriate, for design changes or changes in specifications to reduce leak potential.
(5)(i) Data analysis. The owner or operator shall analyze the data collected to comply with the requirements of paragraph (d)(2) of this section to determine the services, operating or maintenance practices, and pump or pump seal designs or technologies that have poorer than average emission performance and those that have better than average emission performance. The analysis shall determine if specific trouble areas can be identified on the basis of service, operating conditions or maintenance practices, equipment design, or other process-specific factors.
(ii) The analysis shall also be used to determine if there are superior performing pump or pump seal technologies that are applicable to the service(s), operating conditions, or pump or pump seal designs associated with poorer than average emission performance. A superior performing pump or pump seal technology is one with a leak frequency of less than 10 percent for specific applications in the process unit, affected facility, or plant site. A candidate superior performing pump or pump seal technology is one demonstrated or reported in the available literature or through a group study as having low emission performance and as being capable of achieving less than 10 percent leaking pumps in the process unit or affected facility (or plant site).
(iii) The analysis shall include consideration of the information specified in paragraphs (d)(5)(iii)(A) through (d)(5)(iii)(C) of this section.
(A) The data obtained from the inspections of pumps and pump seals removed from the process unit or affected facility due to leaks;
(B) Information from the available literature and from the experience of other plant sites that will identify pump designs or technologies and operating conditions associated with low emission performance for specific services; and
(C) Information on limitations on the service conditions for the pump seal technology operating conditions as well as information on maintenance procedures to ensure continued low emission performance.
(iv) The data analysis may be conducted through an inter- or intra-company program (or through some combination of the two approaches) and may be for a single process unit, a plant site, a company, or a group of process units.
(v) The first analysis of the data shall be completed no later than 18 months after the start of the quality improvement program. The first analysis shall be performed using data collected for a minimum of 6 months. An analysis of the data shall be done each year the process unit or affected facility is in the quality improvement program.
(6) Trial evaluation program. A trial evaluation program shall be conducted at each plant site for which the data analysis does not identify use of superior performing pump seal technology or pumps that can be applied to the areas identified as having poorer than average performance, except as provided in paragraph (d)(6)(v) of this section. The trial program shall be used to evaluate the feasibility of using in the process unit or affected facility (or plant site) the pump designs or seal technologies, and operating and maintenance practices that have been identified by others as having low emission performance.
(i) The trial evaluation program shall include on-line trials of pump seal technologies or pump designs and operating and maintenance practices that have been identified in the available literature or in analysis by others as having the ability to perform with leak rates below 10 percent in similar services, as having low probability of failure, or as having no external actuating mechanism in contact with the process fluid. If any of the candidate superior performing pump seal technologies or pumps is not included in the performance trials, the reasons for rejecting specific technologies from consideration shall be documented as required in paragraph (e)(3)(ii) of this section.
(ii) The number of pump seal technologies or pumps in the trial evaluation program shall be the lesser of 1 percent or two pumps for programs involving single process units or affected facilities and the lesser of 1 percent or five pumps for programs involving a plant site or groups of process units or affected facilities. The minimum number of pumps or pump seal technologies in a trial program shall be one.
(iii) The trial evaluation program shall specify and include documentation of the information specified in paragraphs (d)(6)(iii)(A) through (d)(6)(iii)(D) of this section.
(A) The candidate superior performing pump seal designs or technologies to be evaluated, the stages for evaluating the identified candidate pump designs or pump seal technologies, including the time period necessary to test the applicability;
(B) The frequency of monitoring or inspection of the equipment;
(C) The range of operating conditions over which the component will be evaluated; and
(D) Conclusions regarding the emission performance and the appropriate operating conditions and services for the trial pump seal technologies or pumps.
(iv) The performance trials shall initially be conducted, at least, for a 6-month period beginning not later than 18 months after the start of the quality improvement program. No later than 24 months after the start of the quality improvement program, the owner or operator shall have identified pump seal technologies or pump designs that, combined with appropriate process, operating, and maintenance practices, operate with low emission performance for specific applications in the process unit or affected facility. The owner or operator shall continue to conduct performance trials as long as no superior performing design or technology has been identified, except as provided in paragraph (d)(6)(vi) of this section. The initial list of superior emission performance pump designs or pump seal technologies shall be amended in the future, as appropriate, as additional information and experience are obtained.
(v) Any plant site with fewer than 400 valves and owned by a corporation with fewer than 100 employees shall be exempt from trial evaluations of pump seals or pump designs. Plant sites exempt from the trial evaluations of pumps shall begin the pump seal or pump replacement program at the start of the fourth year of the quality improvement program.
(vi) An owner or operator who has conducted performance trials on all alternative superior emission performance technologies suitable for the required applications in the process unit or affected facility may stop conducting performance trials provided that a superior performing design or technology has been demonstrated or there are no technically feasible alternative superior technologies remaining. The owner or operator shall prepare an engineering evaluation documenting the physical, chemical, or engineering basis for the judgment that the superior emission performance technology is technically infeasible or demonstrating that it would not reduce emissions.
(7) Quality assurance program. Each owner or operator shall prepare and implement a pump quality assurance program that details purchasing specifications and maintenance procedures for all pumps and pump seals in the process unit or affected facility. The quality assurance program may establish any number of categories, or classes, of pumps as needed to distinguish among operating conditions and services associated with poorer than average emission performance as well as those associated with better than average emission performance. The quality assurance program shall be developed considering the findings of the data analysis required under paragraph (d)(5) of this section; and, if applicable, the findings of the trial evaluation required in paragraph (d)(6) of this section; and the operating conditions in the process unit or affected facility. The quality assurance program shall be updated each year as long as the process unit or affected facility has the greater of either 10 percent or more leaking pumps or has three leaking pumps.
(i) The quality assurance program shall meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (d)(7)(i)(A) through (d)(7)(i)(D) of this section.
(A) Establish minimum design standards for each category of pumps or pump seal technology. The design standards shall specify known critical parameters such as tolerance, manufacturer, materials of construction, previous usage, or other applicable identified critical parameters;
(B) Require that all equipment orders specify the design standard (or minimum tolerances) for the pump or the pump seal;
(C) Provide for an audit procedure for quality control of purchased equipment to ensure conformance with purchase specifications. The audit program may be conducted by the owner or operator of the plant site or process unit or affected facility, or by a designated representative; and
(D) Detail off-line pump maintenance and repair procedures. These procedures shall include provisions to ensure that rebuilt or refurbished pumps and pump seals will meet the design specifications for the pump category and will operate so that emissions are minimized.
(ii) The quality assurance program shall be established no later than the start of the third year of the quality improvement program for plant sites with 400 or more valves or 100 or more employees; and no later than the start of the fourth year of the quality improvement program for plant sites with less than 400 valves and less than 100 employees.
(8) Pump or pump seal replacement. Three years after the start of the quality improvement program for plant sites with 400 or more valves or 100 or more employees and at the start of the fourth year of the quality improvement program for plant sites with less than 400 valves and less than 100 employees, the owner or operator shall replace, as described in paragraphs (d)(8)(i) and (d)(8)(ii) of this section, the pumps or pump seals that are not superior emission performance technology with pumps or pump seals that have been identified as superior emission performance technology and that comply with the quality assurance standards for the pump category. Superior emission performance technology is that category or design of pumps or pump seals with emission performance that when combined with appropriate process, operating, and maintenance practices, will result in less than 10 percent leaking pumps for specific applications in the process unit, affected facility, or plant site. Superior emission performance technology includes material or design changes to the existing pump, pump seal, seal support system, installation of multiple mechanical seals or equivalent, or pump replacement.
(i) Pumps or pump seals shall be replaced at the rate of 20 percent per year based on the total number of pumps in light liquid service. The calculated value shall be rounded to the nearest nonzero integer value. The minimum number of pumps or pump seals shall be one. Pump replacement shall continue until all pumps subject to the requirements of § 63.1026 are pumps determined to be superior performance technology.
(ii) The owner or operator may delay replacement of pump seals or pumps with superior technology until the next planned process unit or affected facility shutdown, provided the number of pump seals and pumps replaced is equivalent to the 20 percent or greater annual replacement rate.
(iii) The pumps shall be maintained as specified in the quality assurance program.
(e) QIP recordkeeping. In addition to the records required by paragraph (d)(2) of this section, the owner or operator shall maintain records for the period of the quality improvement program for the process unit or affected facility as specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(6) of this section.
(1) When using a pump quality improvement program as specified in this section, record the information specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (e)(1)(iii) of this section.
(i) The rolling average percent leaking pumps.
(ii) Documentation of all inspections conducted under the requirements of paragraph (d)(4) of this section, and any recommendations for design or specification changes to reduce leak frequency.
(iii) The beginning and ending dates while meeting the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section.
(2) If a leak is not repaired within 15 calendar days after discovery of the leak, the reason for the delay and the expected date of successful repair.
(3) Records of all analyses required in paragraph (d) of this section. The records will include the information specified in paragraphs (e)(3)(i) through (e)(3)(iv) of this section.
(i) A list identifying areas associated with poorer than average performance and the associated service characteristics of the stream, the operating conditions and maintenance practices.
(ii) The reasons for rejecting specific candidate superior emission performing pump technology from performance trials.
(iii) The list of candidate superior emission performing valve or pump technologies, and documentation of the performance trial program items required under paragraph (d)(6)(iii) of this section.
(iv) The beginning date and duration of performance trials of each candidate superior emission performing technology.
(4) All records documenting the quality assurance program for pumps as specified in paragraph (d)(7) of this section, including records indicating that all pumps replaced or modified during the period of the quality improvement program are in compliance with the quality assurance.
(5) Records documenting compliance with the 20 percent or greater annual replacement rate for pumps as specified in paragraph (d)(8) of this section.
(6) Information and data to show the corporation has fewer than 100 employees, including employees providing professional and technical contracted services.
§ 63.1036   Alternative means of emission limitation: Batch processes.
(a) General requirement. As an alternative to complying with the requirements of §§ 63.1025 through 63.1033 and § 63.1035, an owner or operator of a batch process that operates in regulated material service during the calendar year may comply with one of the standards specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, or the owner or operator may petition for approval of an alternative standard under the provisions of § 63.1021(b). The alternative standards of this section provide the options of pressure testing or monitoring the equipment for leaks. The owner or operator may switch among the alternatives provided the change is documented as specified in paragraph (b)(7) of this section.
(b) Pressure testing of the batch equipment. The following requirements shall be met if an owner or operator elects to use pressure testing of batch product-process equipment to demonstrate compliance with this subpart.
(1) Reconfiguration. Each time equipment is reconfigured for production of a different product or intermediate, the batch product-process equipment train shall be pressure-tested for leaks before regulated material is first fed to the equipment and the equipment is placed in regulated material service.
(i) When the batch product-process equipment train is reconfigured to produce a different product, pressure testing is required only for the new or disturbed equipment.
(ii) Each batch product process that operates in regulated material service during a calendar year shall be pressure-tested at least once during that calendar year.
(iii) Pressure testing is not required for routine seal breaks, such as changing hoses or filters, that are not part of the reconfiguration to produce a different product or intermediate.
(2) Testing procedures. The batch product process equipment shall be tested either using the procedures specified in paragraph (b)(5) of this section for pressure vacuum loss or with a liquid using the procedures specified in paragraph (b)(6) of this section.
(3) Leak detection. (i) For pressure or vacuum tests using a gas, a leak is detected if the rate of change in pressure is greater than 6.9 kilopascals (1 pound per square inch gauge) in 1 hour or if there is visible, audible, or olfactory evidence of fluid loss.
(ii) For pressure tests using a liquid, a leak is detected if there are indications of liquids dripping or if there is other evidence of fluid loss.
(4) Leak repair. (i) If a leak is detected, it shall be repaired and the batch product-process equipment shall be retested before start-up of the process.
(ii) If a batch product-process fails the retest (the second of two consecutive pressure tests), it shall be repaired as soon as practical, but not later than 30 calendar days after the second pressure test except as specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
(5) Gas pressure test procedure for pressure or vacuum loss. The procedures specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (b)(5)(v) of this section shall be used to pressure test batch product-process equipment for pressure or vacuum loss to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section.
(i) The batch product-process equipment train shall be pressurized with a gas to a pressure less than the set pressure of any safety relief devices or valves or to a pressure slightly above the operating pressure of the equipment, or alternatively the equipment shall be placed under a vacuum.
(ii) Once the test pressure is obtained, the gas source or vacuum source shall be shut off.
(iii) The test shall continue for not less than 15 minutes unless it can be determined in a shorter period of time that the allowable rate of pressure drop or of pressure rise was exceeded. The pressure in the batch product-process equipment shall be measured after the gas or vacuum source is shut off and at the end of the test period. The rate of change in pressure in the batch product-process equipment shall be calculated using the following equation:
(iv) The pressure shall be measured using a pressure measurement device (gauge, manometer, or equivalent) that has a precision of ±2.5 millimeter mercury (0.10 inch of mercury) in the range of test pressure and is capable of measuring pressures up to the relief set pressure of the pressure relief device. If such a pressure measurement device is not reasonably available, the owner or operator shall use a pressure measurement device with a precision of at least ±10 percent of the test pressure of the equipment and shall extend the duration of the test for the time necessary to detect a pressure loss or rise that equals a rate of 1 pound per square inch gauge per hour (7 kilopascals per hour).
(v) An alternative procedure may be used for leak testing the equipment if the owner or operator demonstrates the alternative procedure is capable of detecting a pressure loss or rise.
(6) Pressure test procedure using test liquid. The procedures specified in paragraphs (b)(6)(i) through (b)(6)(iv) of this section shall be used to pressure-test batch product-process equipment using a liquid to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section.
(i) The batch product-process equipment train, or section of the equipment train, shall be filled with the test liquid (e.g., water, alcohol) until normal operating pressure is obtained. Once the equipment is filled, the liquid source shall be shut off.
(ii) The test shall be conducted for a period of at least 60 minutes, unless it can be determined in a shorter period of time that the test is a failure.
(iii) Each seal in the equipment being tested shall be inspected for indications of liquid dripping or other indications of fluid loss. If there are any indications of liquids dripping or of fluid loss, a leak is detected.
(iv) An alternative procedure may be used for leak testing the equipment, if the owner or operator demonstrates the alternative procedure is capable of detecting losses of fluid.
(7) Pressure testing recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a batch product process who elects to pressure test the batch product process equipment train to demonstrate compliance with this subpart shall maintain records of the information specified in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) through (b)(7)(v) of this section.
(i) The identification of each product, or product code, produced during the calendar year. It is not necessary to identify individual items of equipment in a batch product process equipment train.
(ii) Physical tagging of the equipment to identify that it is in regulated material service and subject to the provisions of this subpart is not required. Equipment in a batch product process subject to the provisions of this subpart may be identified on a plant site plan, in log entries, or by other appropriate methods.
(iii) The dates of each pressure test required in paragraph (b) of this section, the test pressure, and the pressure drop observed during the test.
(iv) Records of any visible, audible, or olfactory evidence of fluid loss.
(v) When a batch product process equipment train does not pass two consecutive pressure tests, the information specified in paragraphs (b)(7)(v)(A) through (b)(7)(v)(E) of this section shall be recorded in a log and kept for 2 years:
(A) The date of each pressure test and the date of each leak repair attempt.
(B) Repair methods applied in each attempt to repair the leak.
(C) The reason for the delay of repair.
(D) The expected date for delivery of the replacement equipment and the actual date of delivery of the replacement equipment; and
(E) The date of successful repair.
(c) Equipment monitoring. The following requirements shall be met if an owner or operator elects to monitor the equipment in a batch process to detect leaks by the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c), to demonstrate compliance with this subpart.
(1) The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of §§ 63.1025 through 63.1035 as modified by paragraphs (c)(2) through (c)(4) of this section.
(2) The equipment shall be monitored for leaks by the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c), when the equipment is in regulated material service or is in use with any other detectable material.
(3) The equipment shall be monitored for leaks as specified in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (c)(3)(iv) of this section.
(i) Each time the equipment is reconfigured for the production of a new product, the reconfigured equipment shall be monitored for leaks within 30 days of start-up of the process. This initial monitoring of reconfigured equipment shall not be included in determining percent leaking equipment in the process unit or affected facility.
(ii) Connectors shall be monitored in accordance with the requirements in § 63.1027.
(iii) Equipment other than connectors shall be monitored at the frequencies specified in table 1 to this subpart. The operating time shall be determined as the proportion of the year the batch product-process that is subject to the provisions of this subpart is operating.
(iv) The monitoring frequencies specified in paragraph (c)(3)(iii) of this section are not requirements for monitoring at specific intervals and can be adjusted to accommodate process operations. An owner or operator may monitor anytime during the specified monitoring period (e.g., month, quarter, year), provided the monitoring is conducted at a reasonable interval after completion of the last monitoring campaign. For example, if the equipment is not operating during the scheduled monitoring period, the monitoring can be done during the next period when the process is operating.
(4) If a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as practical but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section.
(d) Added equipment recordkeeping. (1) For batch product-process units or affected facilities that the owner or operator elects to monitor as provided under paragraph (c) of this section, the owner or operator shall prepare a list of equipment added to batch product process units or affected facilities since the last monitoring period required in paragraphs (c)(3)(ii) and (c)(3)(iii) of this section.
(2) Maintain records demonstrating the proportion of the time during the calendar year the equipment is in use in a batch process that is subject to the provisions of this subpart. Examples of suitable documentation are records of time in use for individual pieces of equipment or average time in use for the process unit or affected facility. These records are not required if the owner or operator does not adjust monitoring frequency by the time in use, as provided in paragraph (c)(3)(iii) of this section.
(3) Record and keep pursuant to the referencing subpart and this subpart, the date and results of the monitoring required in paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section for equipment added to a batch product-process unit or affected facility since the last monitoring period required in paragraphs (c)(3)(ii) and (c)(3)(iii) of this section. If no leaking equipment is found during this monitoring, the owner or operator shall record that the inspection was performed. Records of the actual monitoring results are not required.
(e) Delay of repair. Delay of repair of equipment for which leaks have been detected is allowed if the replacement equipment is not available providing the conditions specified in paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section are met.
(1) Equipment supplies have been depleted and supplies had been sufficiently stocked before the supplies were depleted.
(2) The repair is made no later than 10 calendar days after delivery of the replacement equipment.
(f) Periodic report contents. For owners or operators electing to meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, the Periodic Report to be filed pursuant to § 63.1039(b) shall include the information listed in paragraphs (f)(1) through (f)(4) of this section for each process unit.
(1) Batch product process equipment train identification;
(2) The number of pressure tests conducted;
(3) The number of pressure tests where the equipment train failed the pressure test; and
(4) The facts that explain any delay of repairs.
§ 63.1037   Alternative means of emission limitation: Enclosed-vented process units or affected facilities.
(a) Use of closed vent system and control device. Process units or affected facilities or portions of process units at affected facilities enclosed in such a manner that all emissions from equipment leaks are vented through a closed vent system to a control device or routed to a fuel gas system or process meeting the requirements of § 63.1034 are exempt from the requirements of §§ 63.1025 through 63.1033 and 63.1035. The enclosure shall be maintained under a negative pressure at all times while the process unit or affected facility is in operation to ensure that all emissions are routed to a control device.
(b) Recordkeeping. Owners and operators choosing to comply with the requirements of this section shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this section.
(1) Identification of the process unit(s) or affected facilities and the regulated materials they handle.
(2) A schematic of the process unit or affected facility, enclosure, and closed vent system.
(3) A description of the system used to create a negative pressure in the enclosure to ensure that all emissions are routed to the control device.
§ 63.1038   Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Recordkeeping system. An owner or operator of more than one regulated source subject to the provisions of this subpart may comply with the recordkeeping requirements for these regulated sources in one recordkeeping system. The recordkeeping system shall identify each record by regulated source and the type of program being implemented (e.g., quarterly monitoring, quality improvement) for each type of equipment. The records required by this subpart are summarized in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(b) General equipment leak records. (1) As specified in § 63.1022(a) and (b), the owner or operator shall keep general and specific equipment identification if the equipment is not physically tagged and the owner or operator is electing to identify the equipment subject to this subpart through written documentation such as a log or other designation.
(2) The owner or operator shall keep a written plan as specified in § 63.1022(c)(4) for any equipment that is designated as unsafe- or difficult-to-monitor.
(3) The owner or operator shall maintain a record of the identity and an explanation as specified in § 63.1022(d)(2) for any equipment that is designated as unsafe-to-repair.
(4) As specified in § 63.1022(e), the owner or operator shall maintain the identity of compressors operating with an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million.
(5) The owner or operator shall keep records associated with the determination that equipment is in heavy liquid service as specified in § 63.1022(f).
(6) The owner or operator shall keep records for leaking equipment as specified in § 63.1023(e)(2).
(7) The owner or operator shall keep records for leak repair as specified in § 63.1024(f) and records for delay of repair as specified in § 63.1024(d).
(c) Specific equipment leak records. (1) For valves, the owner or operator shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(i) The monitoring schedule for each process unit as specified in § 63.1025(b)(3)(vi).
(ii) The valve subgrouping records specified in § 63.1025(b)(4)(iv), if applicable.
(2) For pumps, the owner or operator shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(iii) of this section.
(i) Documentation of pump visual inspections as specified in § 63.1026(b)(4).
(ii) Documentation of dual mechanical seal pump visual inspections as specified in § 63.1026(e)(1)(v).
(iii) For the criteria as to the presence and frequency of drips for dual mechanical seal pumps, records of the design criteria and explanations and any changes and the reason for the changes, as specified in § 63.1026(e)(1)(i).
(3) For connectors, the owner or operator shall maintain the monitoring schedule for each process unit as specified in § 63.1027(b)(3)(v).
(4) For agitators, the owner or operator shall maintain the following records:
(i) Documentation of agitator seal visual inspections as specified in § 63.1028; and
(ii) For the criteria as to the presence and frequency of drips for agitators, the owner or operator shall keep records of the design criteria and explanations and any changes and the reason for the changes, as specified in § 63.1028(e)(1)(vi).
(5) For pressure relief devices in gas and vapor or light liquid service, the owner or operator shall keep records of the dates and results of monitoring following a pressure release, as specified in § 63.1030(c)(3).
(6) For compressors, the owner or operator shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (c)(6)(i) and (c)(6)(ii) of this section.
(i) For criteria as to failure of the seal system and/or the barrier fluid system, record the design criteria and explanations and any changes and the reason for the changes, as specified in § 63.1031(d)(2).
(ii) For compressors operating under the alternative compressor standard, record the dates and results of each compliance test as specified in § 63.1031(f)(2).
(7) For a pump QIP program, the owner or operator shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (c)(7)(i) through (c)(7)(v) of this section.
(i) Individual pump records as specified in § 63.1035(d)(2).
(ii) Trial evaluation program documentation as specified in § 63.1035(d)(6)(iii).
(iii) Engineering evaluation documenting the basis for judgement that superior emission performance technology is not applicable as specified in § 63.1035(d)(6)(vi).
(iv) Quality assurance program documentation as specified in § 63.1035(d)(7).
(v) QIP records as specified in § 63.1035(e).
(8) For process units complying with the batch process unit alternative, the owner or operator shall maintain the records specified in paragraphs (c)(8)(i) and (c)(8)(ii) of this section.
(i) Pressure test records as specified in § 63.1036(b)(7).
(ii) Records for equipment added to the process unit as specified in § 63.1036(d).
(9) For process units complying with the enclosed-vented process unit alternative, the owner or operator shall maintain the records for enclosed-vented process units as specified in § 63.1037(b).
§ 63.1039   Reporting requirements.
(a) Initial Compliance Status Report. Each owner or operator shall submit an Initial Compliance Status Report according to the procedures in the referencing subpart. The notification shall include the information listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section, as applicable.
(1) The notification shall provide the information listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section for each process unit or affected facility subject to the requirements of this subpart.
(i) Process unit or affected facility identification.
(ii) Number of each equipment type (e.g., valves, pumps) excluding equipment in vacuum service.
(iii) Method of compliance with the standard (e.g., “monthly leak detection and repair” or “equipped with dual mechanical seals”).
(iv) Planned schedule for requirements in §§ 63.1025 and 63.1026.
(2) The notification shall provide the information listed in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (a)(2)(ii) of this section for each process unit or affected facility subject to the requirements of § 63.1036(b).
(i) Batch products or product codes subject to the provisions of this subpart, and
(ii) Planned schedule for pressure testing when equipment is configured for production of products subject to the provisions of this subpart.
(3) The notification shall provide the information listed in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) and (a)(3)(ii) of this section for each process unit or affected facility subject to the requirements in § 63.1037.
(i) Process unit or affected facility identification.
(ii) A description of the system used to create a negative pressure in the enclosure and the control device used to comply with the requirements of § 63.1034 of this part.
(b) Periodic Reports. The owner or operator shall report the information specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(8) of this section, as applicable, in the Periodic Report specified in the referencing subpart.
(1) For the equipment specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (b)(1)(v) of this section, report in a summary format by equipment type, the number of components for which leaks were detected and for valves, pumps and connectors show the percent leakers, and the total number of components monitored. Also include the number of leaking components that were not repaired as required by § 63.1024, and for valves and connectors, identify the number of components that are determined by § 63.1025(c)(3) to be nonrepairable.
(i) Valves in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service pursuant to § 63.1025(b) and (c).
(ii) Pumps in light liquid service pursuant to § 63.1026(b) and (c).
(iii) Connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service pursuant to § 63.1027(b) and (c).
(iv) Agitators in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service pursuant to § 63.1028(c).
(v) Compressors pursuant to § 63.1031(d).
(2) Where any delay of repair is utilized pursuant to § 63.1024(d), report that delay of repair has occurred and report the number of instances of delay of repair.
(3) If applicable, report the valve subgrouping information specified in § 63.1025(b)(4)(iv).
(4) For pressure relief devices in gas and vapor service pursuant to § 63.1030(b) and for compressors pursuant to § 63.1031(f) that are to be operated at a leak detection instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million, report the results of all monitoring to show compliance conducted within the semiannual reporting period.
(5) Report, if applicable, the initiation of a monthly monitoring program for valves pursuant to § 63.1025(b)(3)(i).
(6) Report, if applicable, the initiation of a quality improvement program for pumps pursuant to § 63.1035.
(7) Where the alternative means of emissions limitation for batch processes is utilized, report the information listed in § 63.1036(f).
(8) Report the information listed in paragraph (a) of this section for the Initial Compliance Status Report for process units or affected facilities with later compliance dates. Report any revisions to items reported in an earlier Initial Compliance Status Report if the method of compliance has changed since the last report.
§ 63.1040   Applicability.
The provisions of this subpart apply to the control of air emissions from oil-water separators and organic-water separators for which another subpart of 40 CFR parts 60, 61, or 63 references the use of this subpart for such air emission control. These air emission standards for oil-water separators and organic-water separators are placed here for administrative convenience and only apply to those owners and operators of facilities subject to the other subparts that reference this subpart. The provisions of 40 CFR part 63, subpart A—General Provisions do not apply to this subpart except as noted in the subpart that references this subpart.
§ 63.1041   Definitions.
All terms used in this subpart shall have the meaning given to them in the Act and in this section. If a term is defined in both this section and in another subpart that references the use of this subpart, then the definition in this subpart shall take precedence when implementing this subpart.
Closure device means a cap, hatch, lid, plug, seal, valve, or other type of fitting that, when the device is secured in the closed position, prevents or reduces air emissions to the atmosphere by blocking an opening in a fixed roof or floating roof. Closure devices include devices that are detachable from the cover (e.g., a sampling port cap), manually operated (e.g., a hinged access lid or hatch), or automatically operated (e.g., a spring-loaded pressure relief valve).
Continuous seal means a seal that forms a continuous closure that completely covers the space between the edge of the floating roof and the wall of a separator. A continuous seal may be constructed of fastened segments so as to form a continuous seal.
Fixed roof means a cover that is mounted on a separator in a stationary position and does not move with fluctuations in the level of the liquid managed in the separator.
Floating roof means a pontoon-type or double-deck type cover that rests upon and is supported by the liquid managed in a separator.
Liquid-mounted seal means a foam- or liquid-filled continuous seal that is mounted between the wall of the separator and the floating roof, and the seal is in contact with the liquid in a separator.
Oil-water separator means a separator as defined for this subpart that is used to separate oil from water.
Organic-water separator means a separator as defined for this subpart that is used to separate organics from water.
Metallic shoe seal means a continuous seal that is constructed of metal sheets which are held vertically against the wall of the separator by springs, weighted levers, or other mechanisms and is connected to the floating roof by braces or other means. A flexible coated fabric (envelope) spans the annular space between the metal sheet and the floating roof.
No detectable organic emissions means no escape of organics to the atmosphere as determined using the procedure specified in § 63.1046(a) of this subpart.
Regulated-material means the material (e.g. waste, wastewater, off-site material) required to be managed in separators using air emission controls in accordance with the standards specified in this subpart.
Safety device means a closure device such as a pressure relief valve, frangible disc, fusible plug, or any other type of device which functions to prevent physical damage or permanent deformation to equipment by venting gases or vapors during unsafe conditions resulting from an unplanned, accidental, or emergency event. For the purpose of this subpart, a safety device is not used for routine venting of gases or vapors from the vapor headspace underneath a cover such as during filling of the unit or to adjust the pressure in this vapor headspace in response to normal daily diurnal ambient temperature fluctuations. A safety device is designed to remain in a closed position during normal operations and open only when the internal pressure, or another relevant parameter, exceeds the device threshold setting applicable to the equipment as determined by the owner or operator based on manufacturer recommendations, applicable regulations, fire protection and prevention codes, standard engineering codes and practices, or other requirements for the safe handling of flammable, combustible, explosive, reactive, or hazardous materials.
Separator means a waste management unit, generally a tank, that is used to separate oil or organics from water. A separator consists of not only the separation unit but also the forebay and other separator basins, skimmers, weirs, grit chambers, sludge hoppers, and bar screens that are located directly after the individual drain system and prior to any additional treatment units such as an air flotation unit clarifier or biological treatment unit. Examples of a separator include an API separator, parallel-plate interceptor, and corrugated-plate interceptor with the associated ancillary equipment.
§ 63.1042   Standards—Separator fixed roof.
(a) This section applies to owners and operators subject to this subpart and controlling air emissions from an oil-water separator or organic-water separator using a fixed roof.
(b) The separator shall be equipped with a fixed roof designed to meet the following specifications:
(1) The fixed roof and its closure devices shall be designed to form a continuous barrier over the entire surface area of the liquid in the separator.
(2) The fixed roof shall be installed in a manner such that there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces between roof section joints or between the interface of the roof edge and the separator wall.
(3) Each opening in the fixed roof shall be equipped with a closure device designed to operate such that when the closure device is secured in the closed position there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces in the closure device or between the perimeter of the opening and the closure device.
(4) The fixed roof and its closure devices shall be made of suitable materials that will minimize exposure of the regulated-material to the atmosphere, to the extent practical, and will maintain the integrity of the equipment throughout its intended service life. Factors to be considered when selecting the materials for and designing the fixed roof and closure devices shall include: organic vapor permeability; the effects of any contact with the liquid and its vapors managed in the separator; the effects of outdoor exposure to wind, moisture, and sunlight; and the operating practices used for the separator on which the fixed roof is installed.
(c) Whenever a regulated-material is in the separator, the fixed roof shall be installed with each closure device secured in the closed position except as follows:
(1) Opening of closure devices or removal of the fixed roof is allowed at the following times:
(i) To provide access to the separator for performing routine inspection, maintenance, or other activities needed for normal operations. Examples of such activities include those times when a worker needs to open a port to sample the liquid in the separator, or when a worker needs to open a hatch to maintain or repair equipment. Following completion of the activity, the owner or operator shall promptly secure the closure device in the closed position or reinstall the cover, as applicable, to the separator.
(ii) To remove accumulated sludge or other residues from the bottom of separator.
(2) Opening of a spring-loaded pressure-vacuum relief valve, conservation vent, or similar type of pressure relief device which vents to the atmosphere is allowed during normal operations for the purpose of maintaining the pressure in vapor headspace underneath the fixed roof in accordance with the separator design specifications. The device shall be designed to operate with no detectable organic emissions, as determined using the procedure specified in § 63.1046(a) of this subpart, when the device is secured in the closed position. The settings at which the device opens shall be established such that the device remains in the closed position whenever the pressure in the vapor headspace underneath the fixed roof is within the pressure operating range determined by the owner or operator based on the cover manufacturer recommendations, applicable regulations, fire protection and prevention codes, standard engineering codes and practices, or other requirements for the safe handling of flammable, ignitable, explosive, reactive, or hazardous materials.
(3) Opening of a safety device, as defined in § 63.1041 of this subpart, is allowed at any time conditions require it to do so to avoid an unsafe condition.
(d) The owner or operator shall inspect the fixed roof and any closure devices in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1047(a) of this subpart.
§ 63.1043   Standards—Separator floating roof.
(a) This section applies to owners and operators subject to this subpart and controlling air emissions from an oil-water separator or organic-water separator using a floating roof.
(b) The separator shall be equipped with a floating roof designed to meet the following specifications:
(1) The floating roof shall be designed to float on the liquid surface during normal operations.
(2) The floating roof shall be equipped with two continuous seals, one above the other, between the wall of the separator and the roof edge. The lower seal is referred to as the primary seal, and the upper seal is referred to as the secondary seal.
(i) The primary seal shall be a liquid-mounted seal or a metallic shoe seal, as defined in § 63.1041 of this subpart. The total area of the gaps between the separator wall and the primary seal shall not exceed 67 square centimeters (cm 2 ) per meter of separator wall perimeter, and the width of any portion of these gaps shall not exceed 3.8 centimeters (cm).
(ii) The secondary seal shall be mounted above the primary seal and cover the annular space between the floating roof and the wall of the separator. The total area of the gaps between the separator wall and the secondary seal shall not exceed 6.7 square centimeters (cm 2 ) per meter of separator wall perimeter, and the width of any portion of these gaps shall not exceed 1.3 centimeters (cm).
(3) Except as provided for in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, each opening in the floating roof shall be equipped with a closure device designed to operate such that when the closure device is secured in the closed position there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces in the closure device or between the perimeter of the cover opening and the closure device.
(4) The floating roof may be equipped with one or more emergency roof drains for removal of stormwater. Each emergency roof drain shall be equipped with a slotted membrane fabric cover that covers at least 90 percent of the area of the opening or a flexible fabric sleeve seal.
(c) Whenever a regulated-material is in the separator, the floating roof shall float on the liquid (i.e., off the roof supports) and each closure device shall be secured in the closed position except as follows:
(1) Opening of closure devices is allowed at the following times:
(i) To provide access to the separator for performing routine inspection, maintenance, or other activities needed for normal operations. Examples of such activities include those times when a worker needs to open a port to sample the liquid in the separator, or when a worker needs to open a hatch to maintain or repair equipment. Following completion of the activity, the owner or operator shall promptly secure the closure device in the closed position.
(ii) To remove accumulated sludge or other residues from the bottom of separator.
(2) Opening of a safety device, as defined in § 63.1041 of this subpart, is allowed at any time conditions require it to do so to avoid an unsafe condition.
(d) The owner or operator shall inspect the floating roof in accordance with the procedures specified in § 63.1047(b) of this subpart.
§ 63.1044   Standards—Separator vented to control device.
(a) This section applies to owners and operators controlling air emissions from an oil-water or organic-water separator using a fixed roof and venting the vapor headspace underneath the fixed roof through a closed-vent system to a control device.
(b) The separator shall be covered by a fixed roof and vented directly through a closed-vent system to a control device in accordance with the following requirements:
(1) The fixed roof and its closure devices shall be designed to form a continuous barrier over the entire surface area of the liquid in the separator.
(2) Each opening in the fixed roof not vented to the control device shall be equipped with a closure device. If the pressure in the vapor headspace underneath the fixed roof is less than atmospheric pressure when the control device is operating, the closure devices shall be designed to operate such that when the closure device is secured in the closed position there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces in the closure device or between the perimeter of the cover opening and the closure device. If the pressure in the vapor headspace underneath the fixed roof is equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure when the control device is operating, the closure device shall be designed to operate with no detectable organic emissions, as determined using the procedure specified in § 63.1046(a) of this subpart.
(3) The fixed roof and its closure devices shall be made of suitable materials that will minimize exposure of the regulated-material to the atmosphere, to the extent practical, and will maintain the integrity of the equipment throughout its intended service life. Factors to be considered when selecting the materials for and designing the fixed roof and closure devices shall include: organic vapor permeability; the effects of any contact with the liquid or its vapors managed in the separator; the effects of outdoor exposure to wind, moisture, and sunlight; and the operating practices used for the separator on which the fixed roof is installed.
(4) The closed-vent system and control device shall be designed and operated in accordance with the requirements of § 63.693 in 40 CFR part 63, subpart DD—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Off-Site Waste and Recovery Operations.
(c) Whenever a regulated-material is in the separator, the fixed roof shall be installed with each closure device secured in the closed position and the vapor headspace underneath the fixed roof vented to the control device except as follows:
(1) Venting to the control device is not required, and opening of closure devices or removal of the fixed roof is allowed at the following times:
(i) To provide access to the separator for performing routine inspection, maintenance, or other activities needed for normal operations. Examples of such activities include those times when a worker needs to open a port to sample liquid in the separator, or when a worker needs to open a hatch to maintain or repair equipment. Following completion of the activity, the owner or operator shall promptly secure the closure device in the closed position or reinstall the cover, as applicable, to the separator.
(ii) To remove accumulated sludge or other residues from the bottom of separator.
(2) Opening of a safety device, as defined in § 63.1041 of this subpart, is allowed at any time conditions require it to do so to avoid an unsafe condition.
(d) The owner or operator shall inspect and monitor the air emission control equipment in accordance with the procedures specified in § 63.1047(c) of this subpart.
§ 63.1045   Standards—Pressurized separator.
(a) This section applies to owners and operators controlling air emissions from an oil-water or organic-water separator that is pressurized and is operated as a closed-system.
(b) The pressurized separator must meet the following requirements.
(1) The separator must be designed not to vent to the atmosphere as a result of compression of the vapor headspace in the separator during operation of the separator at its design capacity.
(2) All separator openings must be equipped with closure devices designed to operate with no detectable organic emissions as determined using the procedure specified in § 63.1046(a) of this subpart.
(3) Whenever a regulated-material is in the separator, the separator must be operated as a closed system that does not vent to the atmosphere except under either of the following conditions as specified in paragraph (b)(3)(i) or (b)(3)(ii) of this section.
(i) At those times when opening of a safety device, as defined in § 63.1041 of this subpart, is required to avoid an unsafe condition.
(ii) At those times when purging of inerts from the separator is required, and the purge stream is routed to a closed-vent system and control device designed and operated in accordance with the applicable requirements of § 63.693.
§ 63.1046   Test methods and procedures.
(a) Procedure for determining no detectable organic emissions for the purpose of complying with this subpart.
(1) The test shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures specified in Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Each potential leak interface (i.e., a location where organic vapor leakage could occur) on the cover and associated closure devices shall be checked. Potential leak interfaces that are associated with covers and closure devices include, but are not limited to: the interface of the cover and its foundation mounting; the periphery of any opening on the cover and its associated closure device; and the sealing seat interface on a spring-loaded pressure-relief valve.
(2) The test shall be performed when the unit contains a material having a total organic concentration representative of the range of concentrations for the materials expected to be managed in the unit. During the test, the cover and closure devices shall be secured in the closed position.
(3) The detection instrument shall meet the performance criteria of Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, except the instrument response factor criteria in section 3.1.2(a) of Method 21 shall be for the average composition of the organic constituents in the material placed in the unit, not for each individual organic constituent.
(4) The detection instrument shall be calibrated before use on each day of its use by the procedures specified in Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
(5) Calibration gases shall be as follows:
(i) Zero air (less than 10 ppmv hydrocarbon in air); and
(ii) A mixture of methane or n-hexane in air at a concentration of approximately, but less than 10,000 ppmv.
(6) An owner or operator may choose to adjust or not adjust the detection instrument readings to account for the background organic concentration level. If an owner or operator chooses to adjust the instrument readings for the background level, the background level value must be determined according to the procedures in Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
(7) Each potential leak interface shall be checked by traversing the instrument probe around the potential leak interface as close to the interface as possible, as described in Method 21. In the case when the configuration of the cover or closure device prevents a complete traverse of the interface, all accessible portions of the interface shall be sampled. In the case when the configuration of the closure device prevents any sampling at the interface and the device is equipped with an enclosed extension or horn (e.g., some pressure relief devices), the instrument probe inlet shall be placed at approximately the center of the exhaust area to the atmosphere.
(8) An owner or operator must determine if a potential leak interface operates with no detectable emissions using the applicable procedure specified in paragraph (a)(8)(i) or (a)(8)(ii) of this section.
(i) If an owner or operator chooses not to adjust the detection instrument readings for the background organic concentration level, then the maximum organic concentration value measured by the detection instrument is compared directly to the applicable value for the potential leak interface as specified in paragraph (a)(9) of this section.
(ii) If an owner or operator chooses to adjust the detection instrument readings for the background organic concentration level, the value of the arithmetic difference between the maximum organic concentration value measured by the instrument and the background organic concentration value as determined in paragraph (a)(6) of this section is compared with the applicable value for the potential leak interface as specified in paragraph (a)(9) of this section.
(9) A potential leak interface is determined to operate with no detectable emissions using the applicable criteria specified in paragraphs (a)(9)(i) and (a)(9)(ii) of this section.
(i) For a potential leak interface other than a seal around a shaft that passes through a cover opening, the potential leak interface is determined to operate with no detectable organic emissions if the organic concentration value determined in paragraph (a)(8) is less than 500 ppmv.
(ii) For a seal around a shaft that passes through a cover opening, the potential leak interface is determined to operate with no detectable organic emissions if the organic concentration value determined in paragraph (a)(8) is less than 10,000 ppmv.
(b) Procedure for performing floating roof seal gap measurements for the purpose of complying with this subpart.
(1) The owner or operator shall determine the total surface area of gaps in the primary seal and in the secondary seal individually.
(2) The seal gap measurements shall be performed at one or more floating roof levels when the roof is floating off the roof supports.
(3) Seal gaps, if any, shall be measured around the entire perimeter of the floating roof in each place where 0.32-centimeter (cm) ( 1/8 inch) diameter uniform probe passes freely (without forcing or binding against the seal) between the seal and the wall of the separator and measure the circumferential distance of each such location.
(4) For a seal gap measured under paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the gap surface area shall be determined by using probes of various widths to measure accurately the actual distance from the separator wall to the seal and multiplying each such width by its respective circumferential distance.
(5) The total gap area shall be calculated by adding the gap surface areas determined for each identified gap location for the primary seal and the secondary seal individually, and then dividing the sum for each seal type by the nominal perimeter of the separator basin. These total gap areas for the primary seal and secondary seal then are compared to the respective standards for the seal type as specified in § 63.1043(b)(2) of this subpart.
§ 63.1047   Inspection and monitoring requirements.
(a) Owners and operators that use a separator equipped with a fixed roof in accordance with the provisions of § 63.1042 of this subpart shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The fixed roof and its closure devices shall be visually inspected by the owner or operator to check for defects that could result in air emissions to the atmosphere. Defects include, but are not limited to, visible cracks, holes, or gaps in the roof sections or between the roof and the separator wall; broken, cracked, or otherwise damaged seals or gaskets on closure devices; and broken or missing hatches, access covers, caps, or other closure devices.
(2) The owner or operator must perform an initial inspection following installation of the fixed roof. Thereafter, the owner or operator must perform the inspections at least once every calendar year except as provided for in paragraph (e) of this section.
(3) In the event that a defect is detected, the owner or operator shall repair the defect in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section.
(4) The owner or operator shall maintain a record of the inspection in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1048(a)(2) of this subpart.
(b) Owners and operators that use a separator equipped with a floating roof in accordance with the provisions of § 63.1043 of this subpart shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The owner or operator shall measure the floating roof seal gaps using the procedure specified in § 63.1046(b) of this subpart in accordance with the following requirements:
(i) The owner or operator shall perform measurements of gaps between the separator wall and the primary seal within 60 days after initial operation of the separator following installation of the floating roof and, thereafter, at least once every 5 years.
(ii) The owner or operator shall perform measurements of gaps between the separator wall and the secondary seal within 60 days after initial operation of the separator following installation of the floating roof and, thereafter, at least once every year.
(iii) If a separator ceases to hold regulated-material for a period of 1 year or more, subsequent introduction of regulated-material into the separator shall be considered an initial operation for the purpose of complying with paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(ii) of this section.
(iv) In the event that the seal gap measurements do not conform to the specifications in § 63.1043(b)(2) of this subpart, the owner or operator shall repair the defect in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section.
(v) The owner or operator shall maintain a record of the inspection in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1048 (a)(2) and (b) of this subpart.
(2) The owner or operator shall visually inspect the floating roof in accordance with the following requirements:
(i) The floating roof and its closure devices shall be visually inspected by the owner or operator to check for defects that could result in air emissions to the atmosphere. Defects include, but are not limited to: holes, tears, or other openings in the rim seal or seal fabric of the floating roof; a rim seal detached from the floating roof; all or a portion of the floating roof deck being submerged below the surface of the liquid in the separator; broken, cracked, or otherwise damaged seals or gaskets on closure devices; and broken or missing hatches, access covers, caps, or other closure devices.
(ii) The owner or operator shall perform the inspections following installation of the floating roof and, thereafter, at least once every year.
(iii) In the event that a defect is detected, the owner or operator shall repair the defect in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section.
(iv) The owner or operator shall maintain a record of the inspection in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1048(a)(2) of this subpart.
(c) Owners and operators that use a separator equipped with a fixed roof and vented through a closed-vent system to a control device in accordance with the provisions of § 63.1044 of this subpart shall inspect the air emission control equipment as follows:
(1) The owner or operator shall visually inspect the fixed roof in accordance with the following requirements:
(i) The fixed roof and its closure devices shall be visually inspected by the owner or operator to check for defects that could result in air emissions. Defects include, but are not limited to, visible cracks, holes, or gaps in the roof sections or between the roof and the separator wall; broken, cracked, or otherwise damaged seals or gaskets on closure devices; and broken or missing hatches, access covers, caps, or other closure devices.
(ii) The owner or operator must perform an initial inspection following installation of the fixed roof. Thereafter, the owner or operator must perform the inspections at least once every calendar year except as provided for in paragraph (e) of this section.
(iii) In the event that a defect is detected, the owner or operator shall repair the defect in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (d) of this section.
(iv) The owner or operator shall maintain a record of the inspection in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1048(a)(2) of this subpart.
(2) The owner or operator shall inspect and monitor the closed-vent system and the control device in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.693 in 40 CFR 63 subpart DD—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Off-Site Waste and Recovery Operations.
(d) The owner or operator shall repair all detected defects as follows:
(1) The owner or operator shall make first efforts at repair of the defect no later than 5 calendar days after detection and repair shall be completed as soon as possible but no later than 45 calendar days after detection except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
(2) Repair of a defect may be delayed beyond 45 calendar days if the owner or operator determines that repair of the defect requires emptying or temporary removal from service of the separator and no alternative treatment capacity is available at the facility site to accept the regulated-material normally treated in the separator. In this case, the owner or operator shall repair the defect at the next time the process or unit that is generating the regulated-material managed in the separator stops operation. Repair of the defect shall be completed before the process or unit resumes operation.
(3) The owner or operator shall maintain a record of the defect repair in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1048(a)(3) of this subpart.
(e) Alternative inspection interval. Following the initial inspection of a fixed roof in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section, subsequent inspection of the fixed roof may be performed at intervals longer than 1 year when an owner or operator determines that performing the required inspection would expose a worker to dangerous, hazardous, or otherwise unsafe conditions and the owner or operator complies with the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator must prepare and maintain at the plant site written documentation identifying the specific fixed roof designated as “unsafe to inspect.” The documentation must include for each fixed roof designated as such a written explanation of the reasons why the fixed roof is unsafe to inspect using the applicable procedures under this section.
(2) The owner or operator must develop and implement a written plan and schedule to inspect and monitor the fixed roof using the applicable procedures specified in this section during times when a worker can safely access the fixed roof. The required inspections and monitoring must be performed as frequently as practicable but do not need to be performed more frequently than the periodic schedule that would be otherwise applicable to the fixed roof under the provisions of this section. A copy of the written plan and schedule must be maintained at the plant site.
§ 63.1048   Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator shall prepare and maintain the following records:
(1) Documentation describing the design of each floating roof and fixed roof installed on a separator, as applicable to the separator. When a floating roof is used, the documentation shall include the dimensions of the separator bay or section in which the floating roof is installed.
(2) A record for each inspection required by § 63.1047 of this subpart that includes the following information: a separator identification number (or other unique identification description as selected by the owner or operator) and the date of inspection.
(3) The owner or operator shall record for each defect detected during inspections required by § 63.1047 of this subpart the following information: the location of the defect, a description of the defect, the date of detection, and corrective action taken to repair the defect. In the event that repair of the defect is delayed in accordance with the provisions of § 63.1047(d)(2) of this section, the owner or operator shall also record the reason for the delay and the date that completion of repair of the defect is expected.
(b) Owners and operators that use a separator equipped with a floating roof in accordance with the provisions of § 63.1043 of this subpart shall prepare and maintain records for each inspection required by § 63.1047(b)(1) describing the results of the seal gap measurements. The records shall include the date of the measurements performed, the raw data obtained for the measurements, and the calculations of the total gap surface area. In the event that the seal gap measurements do not conform to the specifications in § 63.1043(b)(2) of this subpart, the records shall include a description of the repairs that were made, the date the repairs were made, and the date the separator was emptied, if necessary.
(c) Owners and operators that use a separator equipped with a fixed-roof and vented through a closed-vent system to a control device in accordance with the provisions of § 63.1044 of this subpart shall prepare and maintain the records required for the closed-vent system and control device in accordance with the requirements of § 63.693 in 40 CFR 63 subpart DD—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Off-Site Waste and Recovery Operations.
§ 63.1049   Reporting requirements.
(a) Owners and operators that use a separator equipped with a floating roof in accordance with the provisions of § 63.1043 of this subpart shall notify the Administrator at least 30 calendar days prior to each seal gap measurement inspection performed to comply with the requirements in § 63.1047(b)(1) of this subpart.
(b) Owners and operators that use a separator equipped with a fixed-roof and vented through a closed-vent system to a control device in accordance with the provisions of § 63.1044 of this subpart shall prepare and submit to the Administrator the reports required for closed-vent systems and control devices in accordance with the requirements of § 63.693 in 40 CFR 63 subpart DD—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Off-Site Waste and Recovery Operations.
§ 63.1050   Implementation and enforcement.
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. EPA, or a delegated authority such as the applicable State, local, or Tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to a State, local, or Tribal agency, then that agency, in addition to the U.S. EPA, has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. Contact the applicable U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to a State, local, or Tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or Tribal agency under subpart E of this part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are retained by the Administrator of U.S. EPA and cannot be transferred to the State, local, or Tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State, local, or Tribal agencies are as specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) Approval of alternatives to the requirements in §§ 63.1040 and 63.1042 through 63.1045. Where these standards reference subpart DD, the cited provisions will be delegated according to the delegation provisions of subpart DD of this part.
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under § 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under § 63.8(f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting under § 63.10(f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
§ 63.1060   Applicability.
The provisions of this subpart apply to the control of air emissions from storage vessels for which another subpart references the use of this subpart for such air emission control. These air emission standards for storage vessels are placed here for administrative convenience and only apply to those owners and operators of facilities subject to a referencing subpart. The provisions of subpart A (General Provisions) of this part do not apply to this subpart except as noted in the referencing subpart.
§ 63.1061   Definitions.
All terms used in this subpart shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in this section.
Capacity means the volume of liquid that is capable of being stored in a vessel, determined by multiplying the vessel's internal cross-sectional area by the internal height of the shell.
Deck cover means a device which covers an opening in a floating roof deck. Some deck covers move horizontally relative to the deck (i.e., a sliding cover).
Empty or emptying means the partial or complete removal of stored liquid from a storage vessel. Storage vessels that contain liquid only as wall or bottom clingage, or in pools due to bottom irregularities, are considered completely empty.
External floating roof or EFR means a floating roof located in a storage vessel without a fixed roof.
Fill or filling means the introduction of liquid into a storage vessel, but not necessarily to capacity.
Fixed roof means a roof that is mounted (i.e., permanently affixed) on a storage vessel and that does not move with fluctuations in stored liquid level.
Flexible fabric sleeve seal means a seal made of an elastomeric fabric (or other material) which covers an opening in a floating roof deck, and which allows the penetration of a fixed roof support column. The seal is attached to the rim of the deck opening and extends to the outer surface of the column. The seal is draped (but does not contact the stored liquid) to allow the horizontal movement of the deck relative to the column.
Floating roof means a roof that floats on the surface of the liquid in a storage vessel. A floating roof substantially covers the stored liquid surface (but is not necessarily in contact with the entire surface), and is comprised of a deck, a rim seal, and miscellaneous deck fittings.
Initial fill or initial filling means the first introduction of liquid into a storage vessel that is either newly constructed or has not been in liquid service for a year or longer.
Internal floating roof or IFR means a floating roof located in a storage vessel with a fixed roof. For the purposes of this subpart, an external floating roof located in a storage vessel to which a fixed roof has been added is considered to be an internal floating roof.
Liquid-mounted seal means a resilient or liquid-filled rim seal designed to contact the stored liquid.
Mechanical shoe seal or metallic shoe seal means a rim seal consisting of a band of metal (or other suitable material) as the sliding contact with the wall of the storage vessel, and a fabric seal to close the annular space between the band and the rim of the floating roof deck. The band is typically formed as a series of sheets (shoes) that are overlapped or joined together to form a ring. The lower end of the band extends into the stored liquid.
Pole float means a float located inside a guidepole that floats on the surface of the stored liquid. The rim of the float has a wiper or seal that extends to the inner surface of the pole.
Pole sleeve means a device which extends from either the cover or the rim of an opening in a floating roof deck to the outer surface of a pole that passes through the opening. The sleeve extends into the stored liquid.
Pole wiper means a seal that extends from either the cover or the rim of an opening in a floating roof deck to the outer surface of a pole that passes through the opening.
Referencing subpart means the subpart that refers an owner or operator to this subpart.
Rim seal means a device attached to the rim of a floating roof deck that spans the annular space between the deck and the wall of the storage vessel. When a floating roof has only one such device, it is a primary seal; when there are two seals (one mounted above the other), the lower seal is the primary seal and the upper seal is the secondary seal.
Slotted guidepole means a guidepole or gaugepole that has slots or holes through the wall of the pole. The slots or holes allow the stored liquid to flow into the pole at liquid levels above the lowest operating level.
Storage vessel or Tank means a stationary unit that is constructed primarily of nonearthen materials (such as wood, concrete, steel, fiberglass, or plastic) which provide structural support and is designed to hold an accumulation of liquids or other materials.
Vapor-mounted seal means a rim seal designed not to be in contact with the stored liquid. Vapor-mounted seals may include, but are not limited to, resilient seals and flexible wiper seals.
§ 63.1062   Storage vessel control requirements.
(a) For each storage vessel to which this subpart applies, the owner or operator shall comply with one of the requirements listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section.
(1) Operate and maintain an IFR.
(2) Operate and maintain an EFR.
(3) Equivalent requirements. Comply with an equivalent to the requirements in paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section, as provided in § 63.1064.
(b) [Reserved]