Title 40—Protection of Environment--Volume 1
PART 63—NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES
§ 63.1256   Standards: Wastewater.
(a) General. Each owner or operator of any affected source (existing or new) shall comply with the general wastewater requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section and the maintenance wastewater provisions in paragraph (a)(4) of this section. An owner or operator may transfer wastewater to a treatment operation not owned by the owner or operator in accordance with paragraph (a)(5) of this section.
(1) Identify wastewater that requires control. For each POD, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in either paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section to determine whether a wastewater stream is an affected wastewater stream that requires control for soluble and/or partially soluble HAP compounds or to designate the wastewater stream as an affected wastewater stream, respectively. The owner or operator may use a combination of the approaches in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section for different affected wastewater generated at the source.
(i) Determine characteristics of a wastewater stream. At new and existing sources, a wastewater stream is an affected wastewater stream if the annual average concentration and annual load exceed any of the criteria specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) through (C) of this section. At new sources, a wastewater stream is subject to additional control requirements if the annual average concentration and annual load exceed the criteria specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(D) of this section. The owner or operator shall comply with the provisions of § 63.1257(e)(1) to determine the annual average concentrations and annual load of partially soluble and soluble HAP compounds.
(A) The wastewater stream contains partially soluble HAP compounds at an annual average concentration greater than 1,300 ppmw, and the total soluble and partially soluble HAP load in all wastewater from the PMPU exceeds 0.25 Mg/yr.
(B) The wastewater stream contains partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds at an annual average concentration greater than 5,200 ppmw, and the total soluble and partially soluble HAP load in all wastewater from the PMPU exceeds 0.25 Mg/yr.
(C) The wastewater stream contains partially soluble and/or soluble HAP at an annual average concentration of greater than 10,000 ppmw, and the total partially soluble and/or soluble HAP load in all wastewater from the affected source is greater than 1 Mg/yr.
(D) The wastewater stream contains soluble HAP compounds at an annual average concentration greater than 110,000 ppmw, and the total soluble and partially soluble HAP load in all wastewater from the PMPU exceeds 1 Mg/yr.
(ii) Designate wastewater as affected wastewater. For existing sources, the owner or operator may elect to designate wastewater streams as meeting the criteria of either paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(A),(B), or (C) of this section. For new sources, the owner or operator may elect to designate wastewater streams meeting the criterion in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(D) or for wastewater known to contain no soluble HAP, as meeting the criterion in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section. For designated wastewater the procedures specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section shall be followed, except as specified in paragraphs (g)(8)(i), (g)(9)(i), and (g)(10) of this section. The owner or operator is not required to determine the annual average concentration or load for each designated wastewater stream for the purposes of this section.
(A) From the POD for the wastewater stream that is designated as an affected wastewater stream to the location where the owner or operator elects to designate such wastewater stream as an affected wastewater stream, the owner or operator shall comply with all applicable emission suppression requirements specified in paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section.
(B) From the location where the owner or operator designates a wastewater stream as an affected wastewater stream, such wastewater stream shall be managed in accordance with all applicable emission suppression requirements specified in paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section and with the treatment requirements in paragraph (g) of this section.
(iii) Scrubber effluent. Effluent from a water scrubber that has been used to control Table 2 HAP-containing vent streams that are controlled in order to meet the process vent requirements in § 63.1254 of this subpart is considered an affected wastewater stream.
(2) Requirements for affected wastewater. (i) An owner or operator of a facility shall comply with the applicable requirements for wastewater tanks, surface impoundments, containers, individual drain systems, and oil/water separators as specified in paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section, except as provided in paragraph (g)(3) of this section.
(ii) Comply with the applicable requirements for control of soluble and partially soluble compounds as specified in paragraph (g) of this section. Alternatively, the owner or operator may elect to comply with the treatment provisions specified in paragraph (a)(5) of this section.
(iii) Comply with the applicable monitoring and inspection requirements specified in § 63.1258.
(iv) Comply with the applicable recordkeeping and reporting requirements specified in §§ 63.1259 and 63.1260.
(3) Requirements for multiphase discharges. The owner or operator shall not discharge a separate phase that can be isolated through gravity separation from the aqueous phase to a waste management or treatment unit, unless the stream is discharged to a treatment unit in compliance with paragraph (g)(13) of this section.
(4) Maintenance wastewater requirements. Each owner or operator of a source subject to this subpart shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (a)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section for maintenance wastewater containing partially soluble or soluble HAP listed in Tables 2 and 3 of this subpart. Maintenance wastewater is exempt from all other provisions of this subpart.
(i) The owner or operator shall prepare a description of maintenance procedures for management of wastewater generated from the emptying and purging of equipment in the process during temporary shutdowns for inspections, maintenance, and repair ( i.e., a maintenance turnaround) and during periods which are not shutdowns ( i.e., routine maintenance). The descriptions shall be included in a document that is maintained at the plant site and shall:
(A) Specify the process equipment or maintenance tasks that are anticipated to create wastewater during maintenance activities; and
(B) Specify the procedures that will be followed to properly manage the wastewater and minimize organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere; and
(C) Specify the procedures to be followed when clearing materials from process equipment.
(ii) The owner or operator shall modify and update the information required by paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section as needed following each maintenance procedure based on the actions taken and the wastewater generated in the preceding maintenance procedure.
(5) Offsite treatment or onsite treatment not owned or operated by the source. The owner or operator may elect to transfer affected wastewater streams or a residual removed from such affected wastewater to an onsite treatment operation not owned or operated by the owner or operator of the source generating the wastewater or residual, or to an offsite treatment operation.
(i) The owner or operator transferring the wastewater or residual shall:
(A) Comply with the provisions specified in paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section for each waste management unit that receives or manages affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater prior to shipment or transport.
(B) Include a notice with each shipment or transport of affected wastewater or residual removed from affected wastewater. The notice shall state that the affected wastewater or residual contains organic HAP that are to be treated in accordance with the provisions of this subpart. When the transport is continuous or ongoing (for example, discharge to a publicly-owned treatment works), the notice shall be submitted to the treatment operator initially and whenever there is a change in the required treatment. The owner or operator shall keep a record of the notice in accordance with § 63.1259(g).
(ii) The owner or operator may not transfer the affected wastewater or residual unless the transferee has submitted to the EPA a written certification that the transferee will manage and treat any affected wastewater or residual removed from affected wastewater received from a source subject to the requirements of this subpart in accordance with the requirements of either:
(A) Paragraphs (b) through (i) of this section; or
(B) Subpart D of this part if alternative emission limitations have been granted the transferor in accordance with those provisions; or
(C) Section 63.6(g); or
(D) If the affected wastewater streams or residuals removed from affected wastewater streams received by the transferee contain less than 50 ppmw of partially soluble HAP, then the transferee must, at a minimum, manage and treat the affected wastewater streams and residuals in accordance with one of the following:
( 1 ) Comply with paragraph (g)(10) of this section and cover the waste management units up to the activated sludge unit; or
( 2 ) Comply with paragraphs (g)(11)(i), (ii), and (h) of this section and cover the waste management units up to the activated sludge unit; or
( 3 ) Comply with paragraph (g)(10) of this section provided that the owner or operator of the affected source demonstrates that less than 5 percent of the total soluble HAP is emitted from waste management units up to the activated sludge unit; or
( 4 ) Comply with paragraphs (g)(11)(i), (ii), and (h) of this section provided that the owner or operator of the affected source demonstrates that less than 5 percent of the total soluble HAP is emitted from waste management units up to the activated sludge unit.
(iii) The certifying entity may revoke the written certification by sending a written statement to the EPA and the owner or operator giving at least 90 days notice that the certifying entity is rescinding acceptance of responsibility for compliance with the regulatory provisions listed in this paragraph. Upon expiration of the notice period, the owner or operator may not transfer the wastewater stream or residual to the treatment operation.
(iv) By providing this written certification to the EPA, the certifying entity accepts responsibility for compliance with the regulatory provisions listed in paragraph (a)(5)(ii) of this section with respect to any shipment of wastewater or residual covered by the written certification. Failure to abide by any of those provisions with respect to such shipments may result in enforcement action by the EPA against the certifying entity in accordance with the enforcement provisions applicable to violations of these provisions by owners or operators of sources.
(v) Written certifications and revocation statements, to the EPA from the transferees of wastewater or residuals shall be signed by the responsible official of the certifying entity, provide the name and address of the certifying entity, and be sent to the appropriate EPA Regional Office at the addresses listed in § 63.13. Such written certifications are not transferable by the treater.
(b) Wastewater tanks. For each wastewater tank that receives, manages, or treats affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of either paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section as specified in Table 6 of this subpart.
(1) The owner or operator shall operate and maintain a fixed roof except when the contents of the wastewater tank are heated, treated by means of an exothermic reaction, or sparged, during which time the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. For the purposes of this paragraph, the requirements of paragraph (b)(2) of this section are satisfied by operating and maintaining a fixed roof if the owner or operator demonstrates that the total soluble and partially soluble HAP emissions from the wastewater tank are no more than 5 percent higher than the emissions would be if the contents of the wastewater tank were not heated, treated by an exothermic reaction, or sparged.
(2) The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in paragraphs (b)(3) through (9) of this section and shall operate and maintain one of the emission control techniques listed in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) A fixed roof and a closed-vent system that routes the organic HAP vapors vented from the wastewater tank to a control device; or
(ii) A fixed roof and an internal floating roof that meets the requirements specified in § 63.119(b), with the differences noted in § 63.1257(c)(3)(i) through (iii) for the purposes of this subpart; or
(iii) An external floating roof that meets the requirements specified in §§ 63.119(c), 63.120(b)(5), and 63.120(b)(6), with the differences noted in § 63.1257(c)(3)(i) through (v) for the purposes of this subpart.
(3) If the owner or operator elects to comply with the requirements of paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section, the fixed roof shall meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, the control device shall meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section, and the closed-vent system shall meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section.
(i) The fixed roof shall meet the following requirements:
(A) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section, the fixed roof and all openings (e.g., access hatches, sampling ports, and gauge wells) shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1258(h).
(B) Each opening shall be maintained in a closed position (e.g., covered by a lid) at all times that the wastewater tank contains affected wastewater or residual removed from affected wastewater except when it is necessary to use the opening for wastewater sampling, removal, or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair.
(ii) The control device shall be designed, operated, and inspected in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section.
(iii) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section, the closed-vent system shall be inspected in accordance with the requirements of § 63.1258(h).
(iv) For any fixed roof tank and closed-vent system that is operated and maintained under negative pressure, the owner or operator is not required to comply with the requirements specified in § 63.1258(h).
(4) If the owner or operator elects to comply with the requirements of paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, the floating roof shall be inspected according to the procedures specified in § 63.120(a)(2) and (3), with the differences noted in § 63.1257(c)(3)(iv) for the purposes of this subpart.
(5) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(6) of this section, if the owner or operator elects to comply with the requirements of paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section, seal gaps shall be measured according to the procedures specified in § 63.120(b)(2)(i) through (b)(4) and the wastewater tank shall be inspected to determine compliance with § 63.120(b)(5) and (6) according to the schedule specified in § 63.120(b)(1)(i) through (iii).
(6) If the owner or operator determines that it is unsafe to perform the seal gap measurements specified in § 63.120(b)(2)(i) through (b)(4) or to inspect the wastewater tank to determine compliance with § 63.120(b)(5) and (6) because the floating roof appears to be structurally unsound and poses an imminent or potential danger to inspecting personnel, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in either paragraph (b)(6)(i) or (ii) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator shall measure the seal gaps or inspect the wastewater tank within 30 calendar days of the determination that the floating roof is unsafe.
(ii) The owner or operator shall empty and remove the wastewater tank from service within 45 calendar days of determining that the roof is unsafe. If the wastewater tank cannot be emptied within 45 calendar days, the owner or operator may utilize up to two extensions of up to 30 additional calendar days each. Documentation of a decision to utilize an extension shall include an explanation of why it was unsafe to perform the inspection or seal gap measurement, shall document that alternate storage capacity is unavailable, and shall specify a schedule of actions that will ensure that the wastewater tank will be emptied as soon as possible.
(7) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(6) of this section, each wastewater tank shall be inspected initially, and semiannually thereafter, for improper work practices in accordance with § 63.1258(g). For wastewater tanks, improper work practice includes, but is not limited to, leaving open any access door or other opening when such door or opening is not in use.
(8) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(6) of this section, each wastewater tank shall be inspected for control equipment failures as defined in paragraph (b)(8)(i) of this section according to the schedule in paragraphs (b)(8)(ii) and (iii) of this section in accordance with § 63.1258(g).
(i) Control equipment failures for wastewater tanks include, but are not limited to, the conditions specified in paragraphs (b)(8)(i)(A) through (I) of this section.
(A) The floating roof is not resting on either the surface of the liquid or on the leg supports.
(B) There is stored liquid on the floating roof.
(C) A rim seal is detached from the floating roof.
(D) There are holes, tears, cracks or gaps in the rim seal or seal fabric of the floating roof.
(E) There are visible gaps between the seal of an internal floating roof and the wall of the wastewater tank.
(F) There are gaps between the metallic shoe seal or the liquid mounted primary seal of an external floating roof and the wall of the wastewater tank that exceed 212 square centimeters per meter of tank diameter or the width of any portion of any gap between the primary seal and the tank wall exceeds 3.81 centimeters.
(G) There are gaps between the secondary seal of an external floating roof and the wall of the wastewater tank that exceed 21.2 square centimeters per meter of tank diameter or the width of any portion of any gap between the secondary seal and the tank wall exceeds 1.27 centimeters.
(H) Where a metallic shoe seal is used on an external floating roof, one end of the metallic shoe does not extend into the stored liquid or one end of the metallic shoe does not extend a minimum vertical distance of 61 centimeters above the surface of the stored liquid.
(I) A gasket, joint, lid, cover, or door has a crack or gap, or is broken.
(ii) The owner or operator shall inspect for the control equipment failures in paragraphs (b)(8)(i)(A) through (H) according to the schedule specified in paragraphs (b)(4) and (5) of this section.
(iii) The owner or operator shall inspect for the control equipment failures in paragraph (b)(8)(i)(I) of this section initially, and semiannually thereafter.
(9) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, when an improper work practice or a control equipment failure is identified, first efforts at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar days after identification and repair shall be completed within 45 calendar days after identification. If a failure that is detected during inspections required by this section cannot be repaired within 45 calendar days and if the tank cannot be emptied within 45 calendar days, the owner or operator may utilize up to two extensions of up to 30 additional calendar days each. Documentation of a decision to utilize an extension shall include a description of the failure, shall document that alternate storage capacity is unavailable, and shall specify a schedule of actions that will ensure that the control equipment will be repaired or the tank will be emptied as soon as practical.
(10) The emission limits specified in § 63.1256 (b)(2) and (h) for control devices used to control emissions from wastewater tanks do not apply during periods of planned routine maintenance of the control device(s) of no more than 240 hours in any 365-day period. The owner or operator may submit an application to the Administrator requesting an extension of this time limit to a total of 360 hours in any 365-day period. The application must explain why the extension is needed, it must specify that no affected wastewater will be added to the tank between the time the 240-hour limit is exceeded and the control device is again operational, and it must be submitted at least 60 days before the 240-hour limit will be exceeded. Wastewater tanks shall not be sparged with air or other gases without an operational control device.
(c) Surface impoundments. For each surface impoundment that receives, manages, or treats affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (c)(1), (2), and (3) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall operate and maintain on each surface impoundment either a cover (e.g., air-supported structure or rigid cover) and a closed-vent system that routes the organic hazardous air pollutants vapors vented from the surface impoundment to a control device in accordance with paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (iii), (iv), and (v) of this section, or a floating flexible membrane cover as specified in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this section.
(i) The cover and all openings shall meet the following requirements:
(A) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(1)(v) of this section, the cover and all openings (e.g., access hatches, sampling ports, and gauge wells) shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1258(h).
(B) Each opening shall be maintained in a closed position (e.g., covered by a lid) at all times that affected wastewater or residual removed from affected wastewater is in the surface impoundment except when it is necessary to use the opening for sampling, removal, or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair.
(C) The cover shall be used at all times that affected wastewater or residual removed from affected wastewater is in the surface impoundment except during removal of treatment residuals in accordance with 40 CFR 268.4 or closure of the surface impoundment in accordance with 40 CFR 264.228.
(ii) Floating flexible membrane covers shall meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(ii)(A) through (F) of this section.
(A) The floating flexible cover shall be designed to float on the liquid surface during normal operations, and to form a continuous barrier over the entire surface area of the liquid.
(B) The cover shall be fabricated from a synthetic membrane material that is either:
( 1 ) High density polyethylene (HDPE) with a thickness no less than 2.5 millimeters (100 mils); or
( 2 ) A material or a composite of different materials determined to have both organic permeability properties that are equivalent to those of the material listed in paragraph (c)(1)(ii)(B)( 1 ) of this section, and chemical and physical properties that maintain the material integrity for the intended service life of the material.
(C) The cover shall be installed in a manner such that there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces between cover section seams or between the interface of the cover edge and its foundation mountings.
(D) Except as provided for in paragraph (c)(1)(ii)(E) of this section, each opening in the floating membrane cover shall be equipped with a closure device designed to operate such that when the closure device is secured in the closed position there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces in the closure device or between the perimeter of the cover opening and the closure device.
(E) The floating membrane cover may be equipped with one or more emergency cover drains for removal of stormwater. Each emergency cover drain shall be equipped with a slotted membrane fabric cover that covers at least 90 percent of the area of the opening or a flexible fabric sleeve seal.
(F) The closure devices shall be made of suitable materials that will minimize exposure of organic HAP to the atmosphere, to the extent practical, and will maintain the integrity of the equipment throughout its intended service life. Factors to be considered in designing the closure devices shall include: the effects of any contact with the liquid and its vapor managed in the surface impoundment; the effects of outdoor exposure to wind, moisture, and sunlight; and the operating practices used for the surface impoundment on which the floating membrane cover is installed.
(G) Whenever affected wastewater or residual from affected wastewater is in the surface impoundment, the floating membrane cover shall float on the liquid and each closure device shall be secured in the closed position. Opening of closure devices or removal of the cover is allowed to provide access to the surface impoundment for performing routine inspection, maintenance, or other activities needed for normal operations and/or to remove accumulated sludge or other residues from the bottom of surface impoundment. Openings shall be maintained in accordance with § 63.1258(h).
(iii) The control device shall be designed, operated, and inspected in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section.
(iv) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(1)(v) of this section, the closed-vent system shall be inspected in accordance with § 63.1258(h).
(v) For any cover and closed-vent system that is operated and maintained under negative pressure, the owner or operator is not required to comply with the requirements specified in § 63.1258(h).
(2) Each surface impoundment shall be inspected initially, and semiannually thereafter, for improper work practices and control equipment failures in accordance with § 63.1258(g).
(i) For surface impoundments, improper work practice includes, but is not limited to, leaving open any access hatch or other opening when such hatch or opening is not in use.
(ii) For surface impoundments, control equipment failure includes, but is not limited to, any time a joint, lid, cover, or door has a crack or gap, or is broken.
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, when an improper work practice or a control equipment failure is identified, first efforts at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar days after identification and repair shall be completed within 45 calendar days after identification.
(d) Containers. For each container that receives, manages, or treats affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall operate and maintain a cover on each container used to handle, transfer, or store affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater in accordance with the following requirements:
(i) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(3)(iv) of this section, if the capacity of the container is greater than 0.42 m 3 , the cover and all openings (e.g., bungs, hatches, sampling points, and pressure relief valves) shall be controlled in accordance with the requirements of either paragraph (d)(1)(i)(A) or (d)(1)(i)(B) of this section.
(A) The requirements specified in § 63.1258(h); or
(B) The requirements of subpart PP of this part for containers using level 2 controls that meet the definitions in § 63.923(b)(1) or (2).
(ii) If the capacity of the container is less than or equal to 0.42 m 3 , the owner or operator shall comply with either paragraph (d)(1)(ii)(A) or (B) of this section.
(A) The container must meet existing Department of Transportation specifications and testing requirements under 49 CFR part 178; or
(B) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(3)(iv) of this section, the cover and all openings shall be maintained without leaks as specified in § 63.1258(h).
(iii) The cover and all openings shall be maintained in a closed position (e.g., covered by a lid) at all times that affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater is in the container except when it is necessary to use the opening for filling, removal, inspection, sampling, or pressure relief events related to safety considerations.
(2) Filling of large containers. Pumping affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater into a container with a capacity greater than or equal to 0.42 m 3 shall be conducted in accordance with the conditions in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) Comply with any one of the procedures specified in paragraph (d)(2)(i)(A), (B), or (C) of this section.
(A) Use a submerged fill pipe. The submerged fill pipe outlet shall extend to no more than 6 inches or within two fill pipe diameters of the bottom of the container while the container is being filled.
(B) Locate the container within an enclosure with a closed-vent system that routes the organic HAP vapors vented from the container to a control device.
(C) Use a closed-vent system to vent the displaced organic vapors vented from the container to a control device or back to the equipment from which the wastewater is transferred.
(ii) The cover shall remain in place and all openings shall be maintained in a closed position except for those openings required for the submerged fill pipe and for venting of the container to prevent physical damage or permanent deformation of the container or cover.
(3) During treatment of affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater, including aeration, thermal or other treatment, in a container, whenever it is necessary for the container to be open, the container shall be located within an enclosure with a closed-vent system that routes the organic HAP vapors vented from the container to a control device.
(i) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(3)(iv) of this section, the enclosure and all openings (e.g., doors, hatches) shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1258(h).
(ii) The control device shall be designed, operated, and inspected in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section.
(iii) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(3)(iv) of this section, the closed-vent system shall be inspected in accordance with § 63.1258(h).
(iv) For any enclosure and closed-vent system that is operated and maintained under negative pressure, the owner or operator is not required to comply with the requirements specified in § 63.1258(h).
(4) Each container shall be inspected initially, and semiannually thereafter, for improper work practices and control equipment failures in accordance with § 63.1258(g).
(i) For containers, improper work practice includes, but is not limited to, leaving open any access hatch or other opening when such hatch or opening is not in use.
(ii) For containers, control equipment failure includes, but is not limited to, any time a cover or door has a gap or crack, or is broken.
(5) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, when an improper work practice or a control equipment failure is identified, first efforts at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar days after identification and repair shall be completed within 15 calendar days after identification.
(e) Individual drain systems. For each individual drain system that receives or manages affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (e) (1), (2), and (3) or with paragraphs (e) (4), (5), and (6) of this section.
(1) If the owner or operator elects to comply with this paragraph, the owner or operator shall operate and maintain on each opening in the individual drain system a cover and if vented, route the vapors to a process or through a closed-vent system to a control device. The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (e)(1) (i) through (v) of this section.
(i) The cover and all openings shall meet the following requirements:
(A) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(1)(iv) of this section, the cover and all openings (e.g., access hatches, sampling ports) shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1258(h).
(B) The cover and all openings shall be maintained in a closed position at all times that affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater is in the drain system except when it is necessary to use the opening for sampling or removal, or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair.
(ii) The control device shall be designed, operated, and inspected in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section.
(iii) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(1)(iv) of this section, the closed-vent system shall be inspected in accordance with § 63.1258(h).
(iv) For any cover and closed-vent system that is operated and maintained under negative pressure, the owner or operator is not required to comply with the requirements specified in § 63.1258(h).
(v) The individual drain system shall be designed and operated to segregate the vapors within the system from other drain systems and the atmosphere.
(2) Each individual drain system shall be inspected initially, and semiannually thereafter, for improper work practices and control equipment failures, in accordance with § 63.1258(g).
(i) For individual drain systems, improper work practice includes, but is not limited to, leaving open any access hatch or other opening when such hatch or opening is not in use for sampling or removal, or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair.
(ii) For individual drain systems, control equipment failure includes, but is not limited to, any time a joint, lid, cover, or door has a gap or crack, or is broken.
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, when an improper work practice or a control equipment failure is identified, first efforts at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar days after identification and repair shall be completed within 15 calendar days after identification.
(4) If the owner or operator elects to comply with this paragraph, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in paragraphs (e)(4) (i) through (iii) of this section:
(i) Each drain shall be equipped with water seal controls or a tightly fitting cap or plug. The owner or operator shall comply with paragraphs (e)(4)(i)(A) and (B) of this section.
(A) For each drain equipped with a water seal, the owner or operator shall ensure that the water seal is maintained. For example, a flow-monitoring device indicating positive flow from a main to a branch water line supplying a trap or water being continuously dripped into the trap by a hose could be used to verify flow of water to the trap. Visual observation is also an acceptable alternative.
(B) If a water seal is used on a drain receiving affected wastewater, the owner or operator shall either extend the pipe discharging the wastewater below the liquid surface in the water seal of the receiving drain, or install a flexible shield (or other enclosure which restricts wind motion across the open area between the pipe and the drain) that encloses the space between the pipe discharging the wastewater to the drain receiving the wastewater. (Water seals which are used on hubs receiving wastewater that is not subject to the provisions of this subpart for the purpose of eliminating cross ventilation to drains carrying affected wastewater are not required to have a flexible shield or extended subsurface discharging pipe.)
(ii) Each junction box shall be equipped with a tightly fitting solid cover (i.e., no visible gaps, cracks, or holes) which shall be kept in place at all times except during inspection and maintenance. If the junction box is vented, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in paragraph (e)(4)(ii) (A) or (B) of this section.
(A) The junction box shall be vented to a process or through a closed-vent system to a control device. The closed-vent system shall be inspected in accordance with the requirements of § 63.1258(h) and the control device shall be designed, operated, and inspected in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section.
(B) If the junction box is filled and emptied by gravity flow (i.e., there is no pump) or is operated with no more than slight fluctuations in the liquid level, the owner or operator may vent the junction box to the atmosphere provided that the junction box complies with the requirements in paragraphs (e)(4)(ii)(B) ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) of this section.
( 1 ) The vent pipe shall be at least 90 centimeters in length and no greater than 10.2 centimeters in nominal inside diameter.
( 2 ) Water seals shall be installed and maintained at the wastewater entrance(s) to or exit from the junction box restricting ventilation in the individual drain system and between components in the individual drain system. The owner or operator shall demonstrate (e.g., by visual inspection or smoke test) upon request by the Administrator that the junction box water seal is properly designed and restricts ventilation.
(iii) The owner or operator shall operate and maintain sewer lines as specified in paragraphs (e)(4)(iii)(A) and (B) of this section.
(A) Except as specified in paragraph (e)(4)(iii)(B) of this section, each sewer line shall not be open to the atmosphere and shall be covered or enclosed in a manner so as to have no visible gaps or cracks in joints, seals, or other emission interfaces.
This provision applies to sewers located inside and outside of buildings.
(B) A sewer line connected to drains that are in compliance with paragraph (e)(4)(i) of this section may be vented to the atmosphere, provided that the sewer line entrance to the first downstream junction box is water sealed and the sewer line vent pipe is designed as specified in paragraph (e)(4)(ii)(B)( 1 ) of this section.
(5) Equipment used to comply with paragraphs (e)(4) (i), (ii), or (iii) of this section shall be inspected as follows:
(i) Each drain using a tightly fitting cap or plug shall be visually inspected initially, and semiannually thereafter, to ensure caps or plugs are in place and that there are no gaps, cracks, or other holes in the cap or plug.
(ii) Each junction box shall be visually inspected initially, and semiannually thereafter, to ensure that there are no gaps, cracks, or other holes in the cover.
(iii) The unburied portion of each sewer line shall be visually inspected initially, and semiannually thereafter, for indication of cracks or gaps that could result in air emissions.
(6) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, when a gap, hole, or crack is identified in a joint or cover, first efforts at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar days after identification, and repair shall be completed within 15 calendar days after identification.
(f) Oil-water separators. For each oil-water separator that receives, manages, or treats affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (f)(1) through (6) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall maintain one of the following:
(i) A fixed roof and a closed-vent system that routes the organic HAP vapors vented from the oil-water separator to a control device. The fixed roof, closed-vent system, and control device shall meet the requirements specified in paragraph (f)(2) of this section;
(ii) A floating roof that meets the requirements in 40 CFR 60.693-2(a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii), (a)(2), (a)(3), and (a)(4). For portions of the oil-water separator where it is infeasible to construct and operate a floating roof, such as over the weir mechanism, the owner or operator shall operate and maintain a fixed roof, closed-vent system, and control device that meet the requirements specified in paragraph (f)(2) of this section.
(2) A fixed roof shall meet the requirements of paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section, a control device shall meet the requirements of paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section, and a closed-vent system shall meet the requirements of (f)(2)(iii) of this section.
(i) The fixed roof shall meet the following requirements:
(A) Except as provided in (f)(2)(iv) of this section, the fixed roof and all openings (e.g., access hatches, sampling ports, and gauge wells) shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements specified in § 63.1258(h).
(B) Each opening shall be maintained in a closed, sealed position (e.g., covered by a lid that is gasketed and latched) at all times that the oil-water separator contains affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater except when it is necessary to use the opening for sampling or removal, or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair.
(ii) The control device shall be designed, operated, and inspected in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section.
(iii) Except as provided in paragraph (f)(2)(iv) of this section, the closed-vent system shall be inspected in accordance with the requirements of § 63.1258(h).
(iv) For any fixed-roof and closed-vent system that is operated and maintained under negative pressure, the owner or operator is not required to comply with the requirements of § 63.1258(h).
(3) If the owner or operator elects to comply with the requirements of paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section, seal gaps shall be measured according to the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 60, subpart QQQ § 60.696(d)(1) and the schedule specified in paragraphs (f)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) Measurement of primary seal gaps shall be performed within 60 calendar days after installation of the floating roof and introduction of affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater and once every 5 years thereafter.
(ii) Measurement of secondary seal gaps shall be performed within 60 calendar days after installation of the floating roof and introduction of affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater and once every year thereafter.
(4) Each oil-water separator shall be inspected initially, and semiannually thereafter, for improper work practices in accordance with § 63.1258(g). For oil-water separators, improper work practice includes, but is not limited to, leaving open or ungasketed any access door or other opening when such door or opening is not in use.
(5) Each oil-water separator shall be inspected for control equipment failures as defined in paragraph (f)(5)(i) of this section according to the schedule specified in paragraphs (f)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this section.
(i) For oil-water separators, control equipment failure includes, but is not limited to, the conditions specified in paragraphs (f)(5)(i)(A) through (G) of this section.
(A) The floating roof is not resting on either the surface of the liquid or on the leg supports.
(B) There is stored liquid on the floating roof.
(C) A rim seal is detached from the floating roof.
(D) There are holes, tears, or other open spaces in the rim seal or seal fabric of the floating roof.
(E) There are gaps between the primary seal and the separator wall that exceed 67 square centimeters per meter of separator wall perimeter or the width of any portion of any gap between the primary seal and the separator wall exceeds 3.8 centimeters.
(F) There are gaps between the secondary seal and the separator wall that exceed 6.7 square centimeters per meter of separator wall perimeter or the width of any portion of any gap between the secondary seal and the separator wall exceeds 1.3 centimeters.
(G) A gasket, joint, lid, cover, or door has a gap or crack, or is broken.
(ii) The owner or operator shall inspect for the control equipment failures in paragraphs (f)(5)(i)(A) through (F) according to the schedule specified in paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
(iii) The owner or operator shall inspect for control equipment failures in paragraph (f)(5)(i)(G) of this section initially, and semiannually thereafter.
(6) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, when an improper work practice or a control equipment failure is identified, first efforts at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar days after identification and repair shall be completed within 45 calendar days after identification.
(g) Performance standards for treatment processes managing wastewater and/or residuals removed from wastewater. This section specifies the performance standards for treating affected wastewater. The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements as specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (6) of this section. Where multiple compliance options are provided, the options may be used in combination for different wastewater and/or for different compounds (e.g., soluble versus partially soluble compounds) in the same wastewater, except where otherwise provided in this section. Once affected wastewater or a residual removed from affected wastewater has been treated in accordance with this subpart, it is no longer subject to the requirements of this subpart.
(1) Existing source. For a wastewater stream at an existing source that exceeds or is designated to exceed the concentration and load criteria in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, the owner or operator shall comply with a control option in paragraph (g)(8) of this section. For a wastewater stream at an existing source that exceeds the concentration and load criteria in either paragraph (a)(1)(i)(B) or (C) of this section, the owner or operator shall comply with a control option in paragraph (g)(8) of this section and a control option in paragraph (g)(9) of this section. As an alternative to the control options in paragraphs (g)(8) and (g)(9) of this section, the owner or operator may comply with a control option in either paragraph (g)(10), (11) or (13) of this section, as applicable.
(2) New source. For a wastewater stream at a new source that exceeds or is designated to exceed the concentration and load criteria in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of this section, the owner or operator shall comply with a control option in paragraph (g)(8) of this section. For wastewater at a new source that exceeds the concentration and load criteria in either paragraph (a)(1)(i)(B) or (C) of this section, but does not exceed the criteria in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(D) of this section, the owner or operator shall comply with a control option in paragraph (g)(8) of this section and a control option in paragraph (g)(9) of this section. As an alternative to the control options in paragraphs (g)(8) and/or (9) of this section, the owner or operator may comply with a control option in either paragraph (g)(10), (11), or (13) of this section, as applicable. For a wastewater stream at a new source that exceeds or is designated to exceed the concentration and load criteria in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(D) of this section, the owner or operator shall comply with a control option in paragraph (g)(12) or (13) of this section.
(3) Biological treatment processes. Biological treatment processes in compliance with this section may be either open or closed biological treatment processes as defined in § 63.1251. An open biological treatment process in compliance with this section need not be covered and vented to a control device. An open or a closed biological treatment process in compliance with this section and using § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii)(E) or (F) to demonstrate compliance is not subject to the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. A closed biological treatment process in compliance with this section and using § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii)(G) to demonstrate compliance shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. Waste management units upstream of an open or closed biological treatment process shall meet the requirements of paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section, as applicable.
(4) Performance tests and design evaluations. If the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) option [paragraph (g)(13) of this section] or the enhanced biological treatment process for soluble HAP compounds option [paragraph (g)(10) of this section] is selected to comply with this section, neither a design evaluation nor a performance test is required. For any other nonbiological treatment process, and for closed biological treatment processes as defined in § 63.1251, the owner or operator shall conduct either a design evaluation as specified in § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) or performance test as specified in § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii). For each open biological treatment process as defined in § 63.1251, the owner or operator shall conduct a performance test as specified in § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii)(E) or (F).
(5) Control device requirements. When gases are vented from the treatment process, the owner or operator shall comply with the applicable control device requirements specified in paragraph (h) of this section and § 63.1257(e)(3), and the applicable leak inspection provisions specified in § 63.1258(h). This requirement is in addition to the requirements for treatment systems specified in paragraphs (g)(8) through (14) of this section. This requirement does not apply to any open biological treatment process that meets the mass removal requirements.
(6) Residuals: general. When residuals result from treating affected wastewater, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements for residuals specified in paragraph (g)(14) of this section.
(7) Treatment using a series of treatment processes. In all cases where the wastewater provisions in this subpart allow or require the use of a treatment process or control device to comply with emissions limitations, the owner or operator may use multiple treatment processes or control devices, respectively. For combinations of treatment processes where the wastewater stream is conveyed by hard-piping, the owner or operator shall comply with either the requirements of paragraph (g)(7)(i) or (ii) of this section. For combinations of treatment processes where the wastewater stream is not conveyed by hard-piping, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (g)(7)(ii) of this section. For combinations of control devices, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (g)(7)(i) of this section.
(i) Compliance across the combination of all treatment units or control devices in series. (A) For combinations of treatment processes, the wastewater stream shall be conveyed by hard-piping between the treatment processes. For combinations of control devices, the vented gas stream shall be conveyed by hard-piping between the control devices.
(B) For combinations of treatment processes, each treatment process shall meet the applicable requirements of paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section, except as provided in paragraph (g)(3) of this section.
(C) The owner or operator shall identify, and keep a record of, the combination of treatment processes or of control devices, including identification of the first and last treatment process or control device. The owner or operator shall include this information as part of the treatment process description reported in the Notification of Compliance Status.
(D) The performance test or design evaluation shall determine compliance across the combination of treatment processes or control devices. If a performance test is conducted, the “inlet” shall be the point at which the wastewater stream or residual enters the first treatment process, or the vented gas stream enters the first control device. The “outlet” shall be the point at which the treated wastewater stream exits the last treatment process, or the vented gas stream exits the last control device.
(ii) Compliance across individual units. (A) For combinations of treatment processes, each treatment process shall meet the applicable requirements of paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section except as provided in paragraph (g)(3) of this section.
(B) The owner or operator shall identify, and keep a record of, the combination of treatment processes, including identification of the first and last treatment process. The owner or operator shall include this information as part of the treatment process description reported in the Notification of Compliance Status report.
(C) The owner or operator shall determine the mass removed or destroyed by each treatment process. The performance test or design evaluation shall determine compliance for the combination of treatment processes by adding together the mass removed or destroyed by each treatment process and determine the overall control efficiency of the treatment system.
(8) Control options: Wastewater containing partially soluble HAP compounds. The owner or operator shall comply with either paragraph (g)(8)(i) or (ii) of this section for the control of partially soluble HAP compounds at new or existing sources.
(i) 50 ppmw concentration option. The owner or operator shall comply with paragraphs (g)(8)(i)(A) and (B) of this section.
(A) Reduce, by removal or destruction, the concentration of total partially soluble HAP compounds to a level less than 50 ppmw as determined by the procedures specified in § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii)(B).
(B) This option shall not be used when the treatment process is a biological treatment process. This option shall not be used when the wastewater is designated as an affected wastewater as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section. Dilution shall not be used to achieve compliance with this option.
(ii) Percent mass removal/destruction option. The owner or operator shall reduce, by removal or destruction, the mass of total partially soluble HAP compounds by 99 percent or more. The removal destruction efficiency shall be determined by the procedures specified in § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) or (iii)(C) for noncombustion, nonbiological treatment processes; § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) or (iii)(D) for combustion processes; § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii)(F) for open biological treatment processes; and § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) or (iii)(G) for closed biological treatment processes.
(9) Control options: Wastewater containing soluble HAP compounds. The owner or operator shall comply with either paragraph (g)(9)(i) or (ii) of this section for the control of soluble HAP compounds at new or existing sources.
(i) 520 ppmw concentration option. The owner or operator shall comply with paragraphs (g)(9)(i)(A) and (B) of this section.
(A) Reduce, by removal or destruction, the concentration of total soluble HAP compounds to a level less than 520 ppmw as determined in the procedures specified in § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii)(B).
(B) This option shall not be used when the treatment process is a biological treatment process. This option shall not be used when the wastewater is designated as an affected wastewater as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section. Dilution shall not be used to achieve compliance with this option.
(ii) Percent mass removal/destruction option. The owner or operator shall reduce the mass of total soluble HAP by 90 percent or more, either by removal or destruction. The removal/destruction efficiency shall be determined by the procedures in § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) or (e)(2)(iii)(C) for noncombustion, nonbiological treatment processes; § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) or (e)(2)(iii)(D) for combustion processes; § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii)(F) for open biological treatment processes; and § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) or (e)(2)(iii)(G) for closed, biological treatment processes.
(10) Control option: Enhanced biotreatment for wastewater containing soluble HAP. The owner or operator may elect to treat affected wastewater streams containing soluble HAP in an enhanced biological treatment system, as defined in § 63.1251, provided the wastewater stream contains less than 50 ppmw partially soluble HAP, or the owner or operator complies with the requirements of paragraph (g)(8) of this section before treating the affected wastewater stream in the enhanced biological treatment system. This option shall not be used when the wastewater is designated as an affected wastewater as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section. These treatment processes are exempt from the design evaluation or performance tests requirements specified in paragraph (g)(4) of this section.
(11) 95-percent mass reduction option, for biological treatment processes. The owner or operator of a new or existing source using biological treatment for any affected wastewater shall reduce the mass of total soluble and partially soluble HAP sent to that biological treatment unit by at least 95 percent. All wastewater as defined in § 63.1251 entering such a biological treatment unit from PMPU's subject to this subpart shall be included in the demonstration of the 95-percent mass removal. The owner or operator shall comply with paragraphs (g)(11)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(11)(iv) of this section, the owner or operator shall ensure that all wastewater from PMPU's subject to this subpart entering a biological treatment unit are treated to destroy at least 95-percent total mass of all soluble and partially soluble HAP compounds.
(ii) For open biological treatment processes, compliance shall be determined using the procedures specified in § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii)(E). For closed aerobic biological treatment processes, compliance shall be determined using the procedures specified in § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii), (iii)(E), or (iii)(G). For closed anaerobic biological treatment processes, compliance shall be determined using the procedures specified in § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) or (iii)(G).
(iii) For each treatment process or waste management unit that receives, manages, or treats wastewater subject to this paragraph, from the POD to the biological treatment unit, the owner or operator shall comply with paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section for control of air emissions. When complying with this paragraph, the term affected wastewater in paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section shall mean all wastewater from PMPU's, not just affected wastewater.
(iv) If wastewater is in compliance with the requirements in paragraph (g)(8), (9), or (12) of this section before entering the biological treatment unit, the hazardous air pollutants mass of that wastewater is not required to be included in the total mass flow rate entering the biological treatment unit for the purpose of demonstrating compliance.
(12) Percent mass removal/destruction option for soluble HAP compounds at new sources. The owner or operator of a new source shall reduce, by removal or destruction, the mass flow rate of total soluble HAP from affected wastewater by 99 percent or more. The removal/destruction efficiency shall be determined by the procedures in § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) or (iii)(C) for noncombustion, nonbiological treatment processes; § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) and (iii)(D) for combustion processes; § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii)(F) for open biological treatment processes; and § 63.1257(e)(2)(ii) or (iii)(G) for closed biological treatment processes.
(13) Treatment in a RCRA unit option. The owner or operator shall treat the affected wastewater or residual in a unit identified in, and complying with, paragraph (g)(13)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section. These units are exempt from the design evaluation or performance tests requirements specified in paragraph (g)(4) of this section and § 63.1257(e)(2), and from the monitoring requirements specified in paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section, as well as recordkeeping and reporting requirements associated with monitoring and performance tests.
(i) The wastewater or residual is discharged to a hazardous waste incinerator for which the owner or operator has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart O, or has certified compliance with the interim status requirements of 40 CFR part 265, subpart O;
(ii) The wastewater or residual is discharged to a process heater or boiler burning hazardous waste for which the owner or operator:
(A) Has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H; or
(B) Has certified compliance with the interim status requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H.
(iii) The wastewater or residual is discharged to an underground injection well for which the owner or operator has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 or 40 CFR part 144 and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 122. The owner or operator shall comply with all applicable requirements of this subpart prior to the point where the wastewater enters the underground portion of the injection well.
(14) Residuals. For each residual removed from affected wastewater, the owner or operator shall control for air emissions by complying with paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section and by complying with one of the provisions in paragraphs (g)(14)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Recycle the residual to a production process or sell the residual for the purpose of recycling. Once a residual is returned to a production process, the residual is no longer subject to this section.
(ii) Return the residual to the treatment process.
(iii) Treat the residual to destroy the total combined mass flow rate of soluble and/or partially soluble HAP compounds by 99 percent or more, as determined by the procedures specified in § 63.1257(e)(2)(iii)(C) or (D).
(iv) Comply with the requirements for RCRA treatment options specified in paragraph (g)(13) of this section.
(h) Control devices. For each control device or combination of control devices used to comply with the provisions in paragraphs (b) through (f) and (g)(5) of this section, the owner or operator shall operate and maintain the control device or combination of control devices in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs (h)(1) through (5) of this section.
(1) Whenever organic HAP emissions are vented to a control device which is used to comply with the provisions of this subpart, such control device shall be operating.
(2) The control device shall be designed and operated in accordance with paragraph (h)(2) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v) of this section, as demonstrated by the provisions in § 63.1257(e)(3).
(i) An enclosed combustion device (including but not limited to a vapor incinerator, boiler, or process heater) shall meet the conditions in paragraph (h)(2)(i) (A), (B), or (C) of this section, alone or in combination with other control devices. If a boiler or process heater is used as the control device, then the vent stream shall be introduced into the flame zone of the boiler or process heater.
(A) Reduce the organic HAP emissions vented to the control device by 95 percent by weight or greater;
(B) Achieve an outlet TOC concentration of 20 ppmv on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent oxygen. The owner or operator shall use either Method 18 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or any other method or data that has been validated according to the applicable procedures in Method 301 of appendix A of this part; or
(C) Provide a minimum residence time of 0.5 seconds at a minimum temperature of 760 °C.
(ii) A vapor recovery system (including but not limited to a carbon adsorption system or condenser), alone or in combination with other control devices, shall reduce the organic HAP emissions vented to the control device by 95 percent by weight or greater or achieve an outlet TOC concentration of 20 ppmv. The 20 ppmv performance standard is not applicable to compliance with the provisions of paragraphs (c) or (d) of this section.
(iii) A flare shall comply with the requirements of § 63.11(b).
(iv) A scrubber, alone or in combination with other control devices, shall reduce the organic HAP emissions in such a manner that 95 weight-percent is either removed, or destroyed by chemical reaction with the scrubbing liquid, or achieve an outlet TOC concentration of 20 ppmv. The 20 ppmv performance standard is not applicable to compliance with the provisions of paragraphs (c) or (d) of this section.
(v) Any other control device used shall, alone or in combination with other control devices, reduce the organic HAP emissions vented to the control device by 95 percent by weight or greater or achieve an outlet TOC concentration of 20 ppmv. The 20 ppmv performance standard is not applicable to compliance with the provisions of paragraphs (c) or (d) of this section.
(3) If the control device is a combustion device, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in § 63.1252(g) to control halogenated vent streams.
(4) Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, if gaps, cracks, tears, or holes are observed in ductwork, piping, or connections to covers and control devices during an inspection, a first effort to repair shall be made as soon as practical but no later than 5 calendar days after identification. Repair shall be completed no later than 15 calendar days after identification or discovery of the defect.
(5) The provisions in paragraphs (h)(1) through (4) of this section apply at all times, except as specified in § 63.1250(g). The owner or operator may not comply with the planned routine maintenance provisions in § 63.1252(h) for vent streams from waste management units.
(i) Delay of repair. Delay of repair of equipment for which a control equipment failure or a gap, crack, tear, or hole has been identified, is allowed if the repair is technically infeasible without a shutdown, as defined in § 63.1251, or if the owner or operator determines that emissions of purged material from immediate repair would be greater than the emissions likely to result from delay of repair. Repair of this equipment shall occur by the end of the next shutdown.
(1) Delay of repair of equipment for which a control equipment failure or a gap, crack, tear, or hole has been identified, is allowed if the equipment is emptied or is no longer used to treat or manage affected wastewater or residuals removed from affected wastewater.
(2) Delay of repair of equipment for which a control equipment failure or a gap, crack, tear, or hole has been identified is also allowed if additional time is necessary due to the unavailability of parts beyond the control of the owner or operator. Repair shall be completed as soon as practical. The owner or operator who uses this provision shall comply with the requirements of § 63.1259(h) to document the reasons that the delay of repair was necessary.
§ 63.1257   Test methods and compliance procedures.
(a) General. Except as specified in paragraph (a)(5) of this section, the procedures specified in paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f) of this section are required to demonstrate initial compliance with §§ 63.1253, 63.1254, 63.1256, and 63.1252(e), respectively. The provisions in paragraphs (a)(2) and (3) apply to performance tests that are specified in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section. The provisions in paragraph (a)(5) of this section are used to demonstrate initial compliance with the alternative standards specified in §§ 63.1253(d) and 63.1254(c). The provisions in paragraph (a)(6) of this section are used to comply with the outlet concentration requirements specified in §§ 63.1253(c), 63.1254(a)(2)(i), and (a)(3)(ii)(B), 63.1254(b)(i), and 63.1256(h)(2). Performance tests shall be conducted under such conditions representative of performance of the affected source for the period being tested. Upon request, the owner or operator shall make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.
(1) Design evaluation. To demonstrate that a control device meets the required control efficiency, a design evaluation must address the composition and organic HAP concentration of the vent stream entering the control device. A design evaluation also must address other vent stream characteristics and control device operating parameters as specified in any one of paragraphs (a)(1) (i) through (vi) of this section, depending on the type of control device that is used. If the vent stream is not the only inlet to the control device, the efficiency demonstration also must consider all other vapors, gases, and liquids, other than fuels, received by the control device.
(i) For an enclosed combustion device used to comply with the provisions of 63.1253 (b)(2) or (c)(2), or 63.1256(h)(2)(i)(C) with a minimum residence time of 0.5 seconds and a minimum temperature of 760 °C, the design evaluation must document that these conditions exist.
(ii) For a combustion control device that does not satisfy the criteria in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, the design evaluation must document control efficiency and address the following characteristics, depending on the type of control device:
(A) For a thermal vapor incinerator, the design evaluation must consider the autoignition temperature of the organic HAP, must consider the vent stream flow rate, and must establish the design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion zone residence time.
(B) For a catalytic vapor incinerator, the design evaluation shall consider the vent stream flow rate and shall establish the design minimum and average temperatures across the catalyst bed inlet and outlet.
(C) For a boiler or process heater, the design evaluation shall consider the vent stream flow rate; shall establish the design minimum and average flame zone temperatures and combustion zone residence time; and shall describe the method and location where the vent stream is introduced into the flame zone.
(iii) For a condenser, the design evaluation shall consider the vent stream flow rate, relative humidity, and temperature and shall establish the design outlet organic HAP compound concentration level, design average temperature of the condenser exhaust vent stream, and the design average temperatures of the coolant fluid at the condenser inlet and outlet. The temperature of the gas stream exiting the condenser must be measured and used to establish the outlet organic HAP concentration.
(iv) For a carbon adsorption system that regenerates the carbon bed directly onsite in the control device such as a fixed-bed adsorber, the design evaluation shall consider the vent stream flow rate, relative humidity, and temperature and shall establish the design exhaust vent stream organic compound concentration level, adsorption cycle time, number and capacity of carbon beds, type and working capacity of activated carbon used for carbon beds, design total regeneration stream mass or volumetric flow over the period of each complete carbon bed regeneration cycle, design carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and design service life of carbon. For vacuum desorption, the pressure drop shall be included.
(v) For a carbon adsorption system that does not regenerate the carbon bed directly onsite in the control device such as a carbon canister, the design evaluation shall consider the vent stream mass or volumetric flow rate, relative humidity, and temperature and shall establish the design exhaust vent stream organic compound concentration level, capacity of carbon bed, type and working capacity of activated carbon used for carbon bed, and design carbon replacement interval based on the total carbon working capacity of the control device and source operating schedule.
(vi) For a scrubber, the design evaluation shall consider the vent stream composition; constituent concentrations; liquid-to-vapor ratio; scrubbing liquid flow rate and concentration; temperature; and the reaction kinetics of the constituents with the scrubbing liquid. The design evaluation shall establish the design exhaust vent stream organic compound concentration level and will include the additional information in paragraphs (a)(1)(vi)(A) and (B) of this section for trays and a packed column scrubber.
(A) Type and total number of theoretical and actual trays;
(B) Type and total surface area of packing for entire column, and for individual packed sections if column contains more than one packed section.
(2) Calculation of TOC or total organic HAP concentration. The TOC concentration or total organic HAP concentration is the sum of the concentrations of the individual components. If compliance is being determined based on TOC, the owner or operator shall compute TOC for each run using Equation 6 of this subpart. If compliance with the wastewater provisions is being determined based on total organic HAP, the owner or operator shall compute total organic HAP using Equation 6 of this subpart, except that only the organic HAP compounds shall be summed; when determining compliance with paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this section, only the soluble and partially soluble HAP compounds shall be summed.
(3) Outlet concentration correction for supplemental gases —(i) Combustion devices. Except as provided in § 63.1258(b)(5)(ii)(A), for a combustion device used to comply with an outlet concentration standard, the actual TOC, organic HAP, and hydrogen halide and halogen must be corrected to 3 percent oxygen if supplemental gases, as defined in § 63.1251, are added to the vent stream or manifold. The integrated sampling and analysis procedures of Method 3B of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be used to determine the actual oxygen concentration (%O 2d ). The samples shall be taken during the same time that the TOC or total organic HAP or hydrogen halides and halogen samples are taken. The concentration corrected to 3 percent oxygen (C d ) shall be computed using Equation 7A of this subpart:
(ii) Noncombustion devices. Except as provided in § 63.1258(b)(5)(ii)(B), if a control device other than a combustion device is used to comply with a TOC, organic HAP, or hydrogen halide outlet concentration standard, the owner or operator must correct the actual concentration for supplemental gases using Equation 7B of this subpart; process knowledge and representative operating data may be used to determine the fraction of the total flow due to supplemental gas.
(4) Exemptions from compliance demonstrations. An owner or operator using any control device specified in paragraphs (a)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section is exempt from the initial compliance provisions in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section.
(i) A boiler or process heater with a design heat input capacity of 44 megawatts or greater.
(ii) A boiler or process heater into which the emission stream is introduced with the primary fuel.
(iii) A boiler or process heater burning hazardous waste for which the owner or operator:
(A) Has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H, or
(B) Has certified compliance with the interim status requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H.
(iv) A hazardous waste incinerator for which the owner or operator has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart O, or has certified compliance with the interim status requirements of 40 CFR part 265, subpart O.
(5) Initial compliance with alternative standard. Initial compliance with the alternative standards in §§ 63.1253(d) and 63.1254(c) for combustion devices is demonstrated when the outlet TOC concentration is 20 ppmv or less, and the outlet hydrogen halide and halogen concentration is 20 ppmv or less. Initial compliance with the alternative standards in §§ 63.1253(d) and 63.1254(c) for noncombustion devices is demonstrated when the outlet TOC concentration is 50 ppmv or less, and the outlet hydrogen halide and hydrogen concentration is 50 ppmv or less. To demonstrate initial compliance, the owner or operator shall be in compliance with the monitoring provisions in § 63.1258(b)(5) on the initial compliance date. The owner or operator shall use Method 18 to determine the predominant organic HAP in the emission stream if the TOC monitor is calibrated on the predominant HAP.
(6) Initial compliance with the 20 ppmv outlet limit. Initial compliance with the 20 ppmv TOC and hydrogen halide and halogen concentration is demonstrated when the outlet TOC concentration is 20 ppmv or less, and the outlet hydrogen halide and halogen concentration is 20 ppmv or less. To demonstrate initial compliance, the operator shall use test methods described in paragraph (b) of this section. The owner or operator shall comply with the monitoring provisions in § 63.1258(b)(1) through (4) on the initial compliance date.
(b) Test methods. When testing is conducted to measure emissions from an affected source, the test methods specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (10) of this section shall be used.
(1) EPA Method 1 or 1A of appendix A of part 60 is used for sample and velocity traverses.
(2) EPA Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of appendix A of part 60 is used for velocity and volumetric flow rates.
(3) EPA Method 3 of appendix A of part 60 is used for gas analysis.
(4) EPA Method 4 of appendix A of part 60 is used for stack gas moisture.
(5) [Reserved]
(6) The following methods are specified for concentration measurements:
(i) Method 18 may be used to determine HAP concentration in any control device efficiency determination.
(ii) Method 25 of appendix A of part 60 may be used to determine total gaseous nonmethane organic concentration for control efficiency determinations in combustion devices.
(iii) Method 26 or 26A of appendix A of part 60 shall be used to determine hydrogen chloride, hydrogen halide and halogen concentrations in control device efficiency determinations or in the 20 ppmv outlet hydrogen halide concentration standard.
(iv) Method 25A of appendix A of part 60 may be used to determine the HAP or TOC concentration for control device efficiency determinations under the conditions specified in Method 25 of appendix A for direct measurement of an effluent with a flame ionization detector, or in demonstrating compliance with the 20 ppmv TOC outlet standard. If Method 25A is used to determine the concentration of TOC for the 20 ppmv standard, the instrument shall be calibrated on methane or the predominant HAP. If calibrating on the predominant HAP, the use of Method 25A shall comply with paragraphs (b)(6)(iv)(A) through (C) of this section.
(A) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be the single organic HAP representing the largest percent by volume.
(B) The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, is acceptable if the response from the high level calibration gas is at least 20 times the standard deviation of the response from the zero calibration gas when the instrument is zeroed on the most sensitive scale.
(C) The span value of the analyzer must be less than 100 ppmv.
(7) Testing conditions for continuous processes. Testing of emissions on equipment operating as part of a continuous process will consist of three l-hour runs. Gas stream volumetric flow rates shall be measured every 15 minutes during each 1-hour run. The HAP concentration shall be determined from samples collected in an integrated sample over the duration of each l-hour test run, or from grab samples collected simultaneously with the flow rate measurements (every 15 minutes). If an integrated sample is collected for laboratory analysis, the sampling rate shall be adjusted proportionally to reflect variations in flow rate. For continuous gas streams, the emission rate used to determine compliance shall be the average emission rate of the three test runs.
(8) Testing and compliance determination conditions for batch processes. Testing of emissions on equipment where the flow of gaseous emissions is intermittent (batch operations) shall be conducted as specified in paragraphs (b)(8)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(9) of this section for condensers, testing shall be conducted at absolute worst-case conditions or hypothetical worst-case conditions. Gas stream volumetric flow rates shall be measured at 15-minute intervals. The HAP or TOC concentration shall be determined from samples collected in an integrated sample over the duration of the test, or from grab samples collected simultaneously with the flow rate measurements (every 15 minutes). If an integrated sample is collected for laboratory analysis, the sampling rate shall be adjusted proportionally to reflect variations in flow rate. The absolute worst-case or hypothetical worst-case conditions shall be characterized by the criteria presented in paragraphs (b)(8)(i)(A) and (B)of this section. In all cases, a site-specific plan shall be submitted to the Administrator for approval prior to testing in accordance with § 63.7(c) and § 63.1260(l). The test plan shall include the emission profile described in paragraph (b)(8)(ii) of this section.
(A) Absolute worst-case conditions are defined by the criteria presented in paragraph (b)(8)(i)(A)( 1 ) or ( 2 ) of this section if the maximum load is the most challenging condition for the control device. Otherwise, absolute worst-case conditions are defined by the conditions in paragraph (b)(8)(i)(A)( 3 ) of this section. The owner or operator must consider all relevant factors, including load and compound-specific characteristics in defining absolute worst-case conditions.
( 1 ) The period in which the inlet to the control device will contain at least 50 percent of the maximum HAP load (in lb) capable of being vented to the control device over any 8 hour period. An emission profile as described in paragraph (b)(8)(ii)(A) of this section shall be used to identify the 8-hour period that includes the maximum projected HAP load.
( 2 ) A 1-hour period of time in which the inlet to the control device will contain the highest HAP mass loading rate, in lb/hr, capable of being vented to the control device. An emission profile as described in paragraph (b)(8)(ii)(A) of this section shall be used to identify the 1-hour period of maximum HAP loading.
( 3 ) The period of time when the HAP loading or stream composition (including non-HAP) is most challenging for the control device. These conditions include, but are not limited to the following:
( i ) Periods when the stream contains the highest combined VOC and HAP load, in lb/hr, described by the emission profiles in paragraph (b)(8)(ii) of this section;
( ii ) Periods when the streams contain HAP constituents that approach limits of solubility for scrubbing media;
( iii ) Periods when the streams contain HAP constituents that approach limits of adsorptivity for carbon adsorption systems.
(B) Hypothetical worst-case conditions are simulated test conditions that, at a minimum, contain the highest hourly HAP load of emissions that would be predicted to be vented to the control device from the emissions profile described in paragraph (b)(8)(ii)(B) or (C) of this section.
(ii) Emissions profile. The owner or operator may choose to perform tests only during those periods of the worst-case conditions that the owner or operator selects to control as part of achieving the required emission reduction. The owner or operator must develop an emission profile for the vent to the control device that describes the characteristics of the vent stream at the inlet to the control device under worst case conditions. The emission profile shall be developed based on any one of the procedures described in (b)(8)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section, as required by paragraph (b)(8)(i).
(A) Emission profile by process. The emission profile must consider all emission episodes that could contribute to the vent stack for a period of time that is sufficient to include all processes venting to the stack and shall consider production scheduling. The profile shall describe the HAP load to the device that equals the highest sum of emissions from the episodes that can vent to the control device in any given hour. Emissions per episode shall be calculated using the procedures specified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section. Emissions per episode shall be divided by the duration of the episode only if the duration of the episode is longer than 1 hour.
(B) Emission profile by equipment. The emission profile must consist of emissions that meet or exceed the highest emissions, in lb/hr, that would be expected under actual processing conditions. The profile shall describe equipment configurations used to generate the emission events, volatility of materials processed in the equipment, and the rationale used to identify and characterize the emission events. The emissions may be based on using a compound more volatile than compounds actually used in the process(es), and the emissions may be generated from all equipment in the process(es) or only selected equipment.
(C) Emission profile by capture and control device limitation. The emission profile shall consider the capture and control system limitations and the highest emissions, in lb/hr, that can be routed to the control device, based on maximum flowrate and concentrations possible because of limitations on conveyance and control equipment (e.g., fans, LEL alarms and safety bypasses).
(iii) Three runs, at a minimum of 1 hour each and a maximum of 8 hours each, are required for performance testing. Each run must occur over the same worst-case conditions, as defined in paragraph (b)(8)(i) of this section.
(9) Testing requirements for condensers. For emission streams controlled using condensers, continuous direct measurement of condenser outlet gas temperature to be used in determining concentrations per the design evaluation described in § 63.1257(a)(1)(iii) is required.
(10) Wastewater testing. Wastewater analysis shall be conducted in accordance with paragraph (b)(10)(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v) of this section.
(i) Method 305. Use procedures specified in Method 305 of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A, and comply with requirements specified in paragraph (b)(10)(vi) of this section.
(ii) EPA Method 624, 625, 1624, 1625, 1666, or 1671. Use procedures specified in EPA Method 624, 625, 1624, 1625, 1666, or 1671 of 40 CFR part 136, appendix A, and comply with requirements in paragraph (b)(10)(vi) of this section.
(iii) Method 8260 or 8270. Use procedures specified in Method 8260 or 8270 in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,” EPA Publication No. SW-846, Third Edition, September 1986, as amended by Update I, November 15, 1992. As an alternative, an owner or operator may use any more recent, updated version of Method 8260 or 8270 approved by the EPA. For the purpose of using Method 8260 or 8270 to comply with this subpart, the owner or operator must maintain a formal quality assurance program consistent with either Section 8 of Method 8260 or Method 8270, and this program must include the following elements related to measuring the concentrations of volatile compounds:
(A) Documentation of site-specific procedures to minimize the loss of compounds due to volatilization, biodegradation, reaction, or sorption during the sample collection, storage, and preparation steps.
(B) Documentation of specific quality assurance procedures followed during sampling, sample preparation, sample introduction, and analysis.
(C) Measurement of the average accuracy and precision of the specific procedures, including field duplicates and field spiking of the material source before or during sampling with compounds having similar chemical characteristics to the target analytes.
(iv) Other EPA methods. Use procedures specified in the method, validate the method using the procedures in paragraph (b)(10)(iv)(A) or (B) of this section, and comply with the procedures in paragraph (b)(10)(vi) of this section.
(A) Validate the method according to section 5.1 or 5.3 of Method 301 of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A.
(B) Follow the procedure as specified in “Alternative Validation Procedure for EPA Waste Methods” 40 CFR part 63, appendix D.
(v) Methods other than an EPA method. Use procedures specified in the method, validate the method using the procedures in paragraph (b)(10)(iv)(A) of this section, and comply with the requirements in paragraph (b)(10)(vi) of this section.
(vi) Sampling plan. The owner or operator shall prepare a sampling plan. Wastewater samples shall be collected using sampling procedures which minimize loss of organic compounds during sample collection and analysis and maintain sample integrity. The sample plan shall include procedures for determining recovery efficiency of the relevant partially soluble and soluble HAP compounds. An example of an acceptable sampling plan would be one that incorporates similar sampling and sample handling requirements to those of Method 25D of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The sampling plan shall be maintained at the facility.
(c) Initial compliance with storage tank provisions. The owner or operator of an affected storage tank shall demonstrate initial compliance with § 63.1253(b) or (c), as applicable, by fulfilling the requirements of paragraph (c)(1),or (c)(2), or (c)(3) of this section.
(1) Performance test. If this option is chosen to demonstrate initial compliance with the percent reduction requirement of § 63.1253(b)(1) or (c)(1)(i), the efficiency of the control device shall be calculated using performance test data as specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section. To demonstrate initial compliance with the outlet concentration requirements in § 63.1253(b)(2) and (c)(2), the owner or operator must conduct a performance test and fulfill the requirements of paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
(i) Equations 8 and 9 of this subpart shall be used to calculate the mass rate of total HAP reasonably expected maximum filling rate at the inlet and outlet of the control device for standard conditions of 20 °C: where:
(ii) The percent reduction in total HAP shall be calculated using Equation 10 of this subpart:
(iii) A performance test is not required to be conducted if the control device used to comply with § 63.1253 (storage tank provisions) is also used to comply with § 63.1254 (process vent provisions), and compliance with § 63.1254 has been demonstrated in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section.
(2) Design evaluation. If this option is chosen to demonstrate initial compliance with the percent reduction requirement of § 63.1253(b) or (c), a design evaluation shall be prepared in accordance with the provisions in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The design evaluation shall include documentation demonstrating that the control device being used achieves the required control efficiency during reasonably expected maximum filling rate.
(3) Floating roof. If the owner or operator of an affected source chooses to comply with the provisions of § 63.1253(b) or (c) by installing a floating roof, the owner or operator shall comply with the procedures described in §§ 63.119(b), (c), (d), and 63.120(a), (b), and (c), with the differences noted in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (v) of this section for the purposes of this subpart.
(i) When the term “storage vessel” is used in §§ 63.119 and 63.120, the definition of “storage tank” in § 63.1251 shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(ii) When December 31, 1992 is referred to in § 63.119, April 2, 1997 shall apply instead for the purposes of this subpart.
(iii) When April 22, 1994 is referred to in § 63.119, September 21, 1998 shall apply instead for the purposes of this subpart.
(iv) When the phrase “the compliance date specified in § 63.100 of subpart F of this part” is referred to in § 63.120, the phrase “the compliance date specified in § 63.1250” shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(v) When the phrase “the maximum true vapor pressure of the total organic HAP's in the stored liquid falls below the values defining Group 1 storage vessels specified in table 5 or table 6 of this subpart” is referred to in § 63.120(b)(1)(iv), the phrase “the maximum true vapor pressure of the total organic HAP in the stored liquid falls below 13.1 kPa” shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(4) Initial compliance with alternative standard. Initial compliance with § 63.1253(d) is demonstrated by fulfilling the requirements of paragraph (a)(5) of this section.
(5) Planned maintenance. The owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements of § 63.1253(e) by including the periods of planned routine maintenance specified by date and time in each Periodic Report required by § 63.1260.
(d) Initial compliance with process vent provisions. An owner or operator of an affected source complying with the process vent standards in § 63.1254 shall demonstrate compliance using the procedures described in paragraphs (d)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, initial compliance with the process vent standards in § 63.1254 shall be demonstrated using the procedures specified in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iv), as applicable.
(i) Initial compliance with § 63.1254(a)(2)(i) is demonstrated when the actual emissions of HAP from the sum of all process vents within a process is less than or equal to 900 kg/yr. Initial compliance with § 63.1254(a)(2)(ii) is demonstrated when the actual emissions of HAP from the sum of all process vents in compliance with § 63.1254(a)(2)(i) is less than or equal to 1,800 kg/yr. Uncontrolled HAP emissions and controlled HAP emissions shall be determined using the procedures described in paragraphs (d)(2) and (3) of this section. Controlled emissions during periods of planned routine maintenance of a CCCD as specified in § 63.1252(h), must be calculated assuming the HAP emissions are reduced by 93 percent.
(ii) Initial compliance with the percent reduction requirements in § 63.1254(a)(1)(i), (a)(3), and (b) is demonstrated by:
(A) Determining controlled HAP emissions using the procedures described in paragraph (d)(3) of this section, and uncontrolled HAP emissions determined using the procedures described in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, and demonstrating that the reductions required by § 63.1254(a)(1)(i), (a)(3), and (b) are met; or
(B) Controlling the process vents using a device meeting the criteria specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
(iii) Initial compliance with the outlet concentration requirements in § 63.1254(a)(1)(ii)(A), (a)(3), and (b)(1) is demonstrated when the outlet TOC concentration is 20 ppmv or less and the outlet hydrogen halide and halogen concentration is 20 ppmv or less. The owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance by fulfilling the requirements in paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
(iv) Initial compliance with § 63.1254(c) is demonstrated by fulfilling the requirements of paragraph (a)(5) of this section.
(2) Uncontrolled emissions. An owner or operator of an affected source complying with the emission limitation required by § 63.1254(a)(1), or emissions reductions specified in § 63.1254(a)(2), (a)(3), or (b), for each process vent within a process, shall calculate uncontrolled emissions from all equipment in the process according to the procedures described in paragraph (d)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section, as appropriate.
(i) Emission estimation procedures. Owners or operators shall determine uncontrolled emissions of HAP using measurements and/or calculations for each batch emission episode within each unit operation according to the engineering evaluation methodology in paragraphs (d)(2)(i)(A) through (H) of this section. Except where variations are noted, individual HAP partial pressures in multicomponent systems shall be determined by the following methods: If the components are miscible in one another, use Raoult's law to calculate the partial pressures; if the solution is a dilute aqueous mixture, use Henry's law to calculate partial pressures; if Raoult's law or Henry's law are not appropriate or available, use experimentally obtained activity coefficients or models such as the group-contribution models, to predict activity coefficients, or assume the components of the system behave independently and use the summation of all vapor pressures from the HAP as the total HAP partial pressure. Chemical property data can be obtained from standard reference texts.
(A) Vapor displacement. Emissions from vapor displacement due to transfer of material shall be calculated using Equation 11 of this subpart. The individual HAP partial pressures may be calculated using Raoult's law.
(B) Purging. Emissions from purging shall be calculated using Equation 12 of this subpart. The partial pressures of individual condensable compounds may be calculated using Raoult's law, the pressure of the vessel vapor space may be set equal to 760 mmHg, and the partial pressure of HAP shall be assumed to be 25 percent of the saturated value if the purge flow rate is greater than 100 standard cubic feet per minute (scfm).
(C) Heating. Emissions caused by the heating of a vessel to a temperature equal to or lower than 10 K below the boiling point shall be calculated using the procedures in either paragraph (d)(2)(i)(C)( 1 ) or ( 3 ) of this section. Emissions caused by heating a vessel to a temperature that is higher than 10 K below the boiling point and less than the boiling point, must be calculated using the procedures in either paragraph (d)(2)(i)(C) ( 2 ) or ( 3 ) of this section. If the contents of a vessel are heated to the boiling point, emissions must be calculated using the procedures in paragraph (d)(2)(i)(C)( 4 ) of this section.
( 1 ) This paragraph describes procedures to calculate emissions if the final temperature to which the vessel contents are heated is 10 K below the boiling point of the HAP in the vessel, or lower. The owner or operator shall calculate the mass of HAP emitted per episode using either Equation 13 or 14 of this subpart. The moles of noncondensable gas displaced are calculated using Equation 15 of this subpart. The initial and final pressure of the noncondensable gas in the vessel shall be calculated using Equation 16 of this subpart. The average molecular weight of HAP in the displaced gas shall be calculated using Equation 17 of this subpart.
( 2 ) If the vessel contents are heated to a temperature that is higher than 10 K below the boiling point and less than the boiling point, emissions must be calculated using the procedures in paragraph (d)(2)(i)(C)( 2 )( i ), or ( ii ), or ( iii ) of this section.
( i ) Use Equation 13 of this subpart. In Equation 13 of this subpart, the HAP vapor pressures must be determined at the temperature 10 K below the boiling point. In the calculation of Δη for Equation 13 of this subpart, T 2 must be the temperature 10 K below the boiling point, and Pa 2 must be determined at the temperature 10 K below the boiling point.
( ii ) Use Equation 14 of this subpart. In Equation 14 of this subpart, the HAP partial pressures must be deter mined at the temperature 10 K below the boiling point. In the calculation of Δη for Equation 14 of this subpart, T 2 must be the temperature 10 K below the boiling point, and Pa 2 must be determined at the temperature 10 K below the boiling point. In the calculation of MW HAP , the HAP partial pressures must be determined at the temperature 10 K below the boiling point.
( iii ) Use Equation 14 of this subpart over specific temperature increments. If the initial temperature is lower than 10 K below the boiling point, emissions must be calculated as the sum over two increments; one increment is from the initial temperature to 10 K below the boiling point, and the second is from 10 K below the boiling point to the lower of either the final temperature or the temperature 5 K below the boiling point. If the initial temperature is higher than 10 K below the boiling point, emissions are calculated over one increment from the initial temperature to the lower of either the final temperature or the temperature 5 K below the boiling point.
( 3 )( i ) Emissions caused by heating a vessel are calculated using Equation 18 of this subpart.
( ii ) The average gas space molar volume during the heating process is calculated using Equation 19 of this subpart.
( iii ) The difference in the number of moles of condensable in the vessel headspace between the initial and final temperatures is calculated using Equation 20 of this subpart.
( 4 ) If the vessel contents are heated to the boiling point, emissions must be calculated using the procedure in paragraphs (d)(2)(i)(C)( 4 )( i ) and ( ii ) of this section.
( i ) Use either of the procedures in paragraph (d)(3)(i)(B)( 3 ) of this section to calculate the emissions from heating to the boiling point (note that Pa 2 = 0 in the calculation of Δη); and
( ii ) While boiling, the vessel must be operated with a properly operated process condenser. An initial demonstration that a process condenser is properly operated is required for some process condensers, as described in paragraph (d)(3)(iii) of this section.
(D) Depressurization. Emissions from depressurization shall be calculated using the procedures in either paragraphs (d)(2)(i)(D)( 1 ) through ( 4 ), paragraphs (d)(2)(i)(D)( 5 ) through ( 9 ), or paragraph (d)(2)(i)(D)( 10 ) of this section.
( 1 ) Equations 21 and 22 of this subpart are used to calculate the initial and final volumes of noncondensable gas present in the vessel, adjusted to atmospheric pressure. The HAP partial pressures may be calculated using Raoult's law.
( 2 ) The initial and final partial pressures of the noncondensable gas in the vessel are determined using Equations 23 and 24 of this subpart:
( 3 ) The average ratio of moles of noncondensable to moles of an individual HAP in the emission stream is calculated using Equation 25 of this subpart; this calculation must be repeated for each HAP in the emission stream:
( 4 ) The mass of HAP emitted shall be calculated using Equation 26 of this subpart:
( 5 ) The moles of HAP vapor initially in the vessel are calculated using the ideal gas law using Equation 27 of this subpart:
( 6 ) The initial and final moles of noncondensable gas present in the vessel are calculated using Equations 28 and 29 of this subpart:
( 7 ) The initial and final partial pressures of the noncondensable gas in the vessel are determined using Equations 23 and 24 of this subpart.
( 8 ) The moles of HAP emitted during the depressurization are calculated by taking an approximation of the average ratio of moles of HAP to moles of noncondensable and multiplying by the total moles of noncondensables released during the depressurization, using Equation 30 of this subpart:
( 9 ) The mass of HAP emitted can be calculated using Equation 31 of this subpart:
( 10 ) Emissions from depressurization may be calculated using equation 32 of this subpart:
(E) Vacuum systems. Emissions from vacuum systems may be calculated using Equation 33 of this subpart if the air leakage rate is known or can be approximated. The individual HAP partial pressures may be calculated using Raoult's Law.
(F) Gas evolution. Emissions from gas evolution shall be calculated using Equation 12 of this subpart with V calculated using Equation 34 of this subpart:
(G) Air drying. Emissions from air drying shall be calculated using Equation 35 of this subpart:
(H) Empty vessel purging. Emissions from empty vessel purging shall be calculated using Equation 36 of this subpart (Note: The term e -Ft/v can be assumed to be 0):
(ii) Engineering assessments. The owner or operator shall conduct an engineering assessment to calculate uncontrolled HAP emissions for each emission episode that is not due to vapor displacement, purging, heating, depressurization, vacuum operations, gas evolution, or air drying. For emission episodes caused by any of these types of activities, the owner or operator also may calculate uncontrolled HAP emissions based on an engineering assessment if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the Administrator that the methods in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section are not appropriate. Modified versions of the engineering evaluation methods in paragraphs (d)(2)(i)(A) through (H) may be used if the owner or operator demonstrates that they have been used to meet other regulatory obligations, and they do not affect applicability assessments or compliance determinations under this subpart GGG. One criterion the owner or operator could use to demonstrate that the methods in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section are not appropriate is if previous test data are available that show a greater than 20 percent discrepancy between the test value and the estimated value. An engineering assessment includes, but is not limited to, the following:
(A) Previous test results, provided the tests are representative of current operating practices at the process unit.
(B) Bench-scale or pilot-scale test data representative of the process under representative operating conditions.
(C) Maximum flow rate, HAP emission rate, concentration, or other relevant parameter specified or implied within a permit limit applicable to the process vent.
(D) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or chemical laws or properties. Examples of analytical methods include, but are not limited to:
( 1 ) Use of material balances based on process stoichiometry to estimate maximum organic HAP concentrations.
( 2 ) Estimation of maximum flow rate based on physical equipment design such as pump or blower capacities.
( 3 ) Estimation of HAP concentrations based on saturation conditions.
(E) All data, assumptions, and procedures used in the engineering assessment shall be documented in accordance with § 63.1260(e). Data or other information supporting a finding that the emissions estimation equations are inappropriate shall be reported in the Precompliance report.
(3) Controlled emissions. An owner or operator shall determine controlled emissions using the procedures in either paragraph (d)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section.
(i) Small control devices. Except for condensers, controlled emissions for each process vent that is controlled using a small control device shall be determined by using the design evaluation described in paragraph (d)(3)(i)(A) of this section, or conducting a performance test in accordance with paragraph (d)(3)(ii) of this section. Whenever a small control device becomes a large control device, the owner or operator must comply with the provisions in paragraph (d)(3)(ii) of this section and submit the test report in the next Periodic report.
(A) Design evaluation. The design evaluation shall include documentation demonstrating that the control device being used achieves the required control efficiency under worst-case conditions, as determined from the emission profile described in § 63.1257(b)(8)(ii). The control efficiency determined from this design evaluation shall be applied to uncontrolled emissions to estimate controlled emissions. The documentation must be conducted in accordance with the provisions in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The design evaluation shall also include the value(s) and basis for the parameter(s) monitored under § 63.1258.
(B) Emission estimation equations. An owner or operator using a condenser as a control device shall determine controlled emissions using exhaust gas temperature measurements and calculations for each batch emission episode within each unit operation according to the engineering methodology in paragraphs (d)(3)(i)(B)( 1 ) through ( 8 ) of this section. Individual HAP partial pressures shall be calculated as specified in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section.
( 1 ) Emissions from vapor displacement shall be calculated using Equation 11 of this subpart with T set equal to the temperature of the receiver and the HAP partial pressures determined at the temperature of the receiver.
( 2 ) Emissions from purging shall be calculated using Equation 12 of this subpart with T set equal to the temperature of the receiver and the HAP partial pressures determined at the temperature of the receiver.
( 3 ) Emissions from heating shall be calculated using either Equation 13 of this subpart or Equation 37 of this subpart. In Equation 13, the HAP vapor pressures shall be determined at the temperature of the receiver. In Equations 13 and 37 of this subpart, Δη is equal to the number of moles of noncondensable displaced from the vessel, as calculated using Equation 15 of this subpart. In Equations 13 and 37 of this subpart, the HAP average molecular weight shall be calculated using Equation 17 with the HAP partial pressures determined at the temperature of the receiver.
( 4 )( i ) Emissions from depressurization shall be calculated using Equation 38 of this subpart.
( ii ) The initial and final volumes of noncondensable gas present in the vessel, adjusted to the pressure of the receiver, are calculated using Equations 39 and 40 of this subpart.
( iii ) Initial and final partial pressures of the noncondensable gas in the vessel are determined using Equations 41 and 42 of this subpart.
( 5 ) Emissions from vacuum systems shall be calculated using Equation 33 of this subpart.
( 6 ) Emissions from gas evolution shall be calculated using Equation 12 with V calculated using Equation 34 of this subpart, T set equal to the receiver temperature, and the HAP partial pressures determined at the receiver temperature. The term for time, t, in Equation 12 of this subpart is not needed for the purposes of this calculation.
( 7 ) Emissions from air drying shall be calculated using Equation 11 of this subpart with V equal to the air flow rate and P i determined at the receiver temperature.
( 8 ) Emissions from empty vessel purging shall be calculated using equation 43 of this subpart:
(ii) Large control devices. Except for condensers, controlled emissions for each process vent that is controlled using a large control device shall be determined by applying the control efficiency of the large control device to the estimated uncontrolled emissions. The control efficiency shall be determined by conducting a performance test on the control device as described in paragraphs (d)(3)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section, or by using the results of a previous performance test as described in paragraph (d)(4) of this section. If the control device is intended to control only hydrogen halides and halogens, the owner or operator may assume the control efficiency of organic HAP is zero percent. If the control device is intended to control only organic HAP, the owner or operator may assume the control efficiency for hydrogen halides and halogen is zero percent. Owners and operators are not required to conduct performance tests for devices described in paragraphs (a)(4) and (d)(4) of this section that are large control devices, as defined in § 63.1251.
(A) The performance test shall be conducted by performing emission testing on the inlet and outlet of the control device following the test methods and procedures of § 63.1257(b). Concentrations shall be calculated from the data obtained through emission testing according to the procedures in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(B) Performance testing shall be conducted under absolute, or hypothetical worst-case conditions, as defined in paragraphs (b)(8)(i)(A) through (B) of this section.
(C) The owner or operator may elect to conduct more than one performance test on the control device for the purpose of establishing more than one operating condition at which the control device achieves the required control efficiency.
(iii) Initial compliance demonstration for condensers —(A) Air pollution control devices. During periods in which a condenser functions as an air pollution control device, controlled emissions shall be calculated using the emission estimation equations described in paragraph (d)(3)(i)(B) of this section.
(B) Process condensers. During periods when the condenser is operating as a process condenser, the owner or operator is required to demonstrate that the process condenser is properly operated if the process condenser meets either of the criteria described in paragraphs (d)(3)(iii)(B)( 1 ) and ( 2 ) of this section. The owner or operator must either measure the condenser exhaust gas temperature and show it is less than the boiling or bubble point of the substance(s) in the vessel, or perform a material balance around the vessel and condenser to show that at least 99 percent of the material vaporized while boiling is condensed. The initial demonstration shall be conducted for all appropriate operating scenarios and documented in the Notification of Compliance Status report described in § 63.1260(f).
( 1 ) The process condenser is not followed by an air pollution control device; or
( 2 ) The air pollution control device following the process condenser is not a condenser or is not meeting the alternative standard of § 63.1254(c).
(4) An owner or operator is not required to conduct a performance test for the following:
(i) Any control device for which a previous performance test was conducted, provided the test was conducted using the same procedures specified in § 63.1257(b) over conditions typical of the appropriate worst-case, as defined in § 63.1257(b)(8)(i). The results of the previous performance test shall be used to demonstrate compliance.
(e) Compliance with wastewater provisions —(1) Determining annual average concentration and annual load. To determine the annual average concentration and annual load of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds in a wastewater stream, as required by § 63.1256(a)(1), an owner or operator shall comply with the provisions in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section. A wastewater stream is exempt from the requirements of § 63.1256(a)(2) if the owner or operator determines the annual average concentration and annual load are below all of the applicability cutoffs specified in § 63.1256(a)(1)(i)(A) through (D). For annual average concentration, only initial rinses are included. Concentration measurements based on Method 305 shall be adjusted by dividing each concentration by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart. Concentration measurements based on methods other than Method 305 may not be adjusted by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart.
(i) Annual average concentration definition. (A) When complying with § 63.1256(a)(1)(i)(A), the annual average concentration means the total mass of partially soluble HAP compounds occurring in the wastewater stream during the calendar year divided by the total mass of the wastewater stream discharged during the same calendar year.
(B) When complying with § 63.1256(a)(1)(i) (B) or (C), the annual average concentration means the total mass of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds occurring in the wastewater stream during the calendar year divided by the total mass of the wastewater stream discharged during the same calendar year.
(C) When complying with § 63.1256(a)(1)(i)(D), the annual average concentration means the total mass of soluble HAP compounds occurring in the wastewater stream during the calendar year divided by the total mass of the wastewater stream discharged during the same calendar year.
(ii) Determination of annual average concentration. An owner or operator shall determine annual average concentrations of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds in accordance with the provisions specified in paragraph (e)(1)(ii)(A), (B), or (C) of this section. The owner or operator may determine annual average concentrations by process simulation. Data and other information supporting the simulation shall be reported in the Precompliance Report for approval by the Administrator. The annual average concentration shall be determined either at the POD or downstream of the POD with adjustment for concentration changes made according to paragraph (e)(1)(ii)(D) of this section.
(A) Test methods. The concentration of partially soluble HAP, soluble HAP, or total HAP shall be measured using any of the methods described in paragraphs (b)(10)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(B) Knowledge of the wastewater stream. The concentration of partially soluble HAP, soluble HAP, or total HAP shall be calculated based on knowledge of the wastewater stream according to the procedures in paragraphs (e)(1)(ii)(B)( 1 ) and ( 2 ) of this section. The owner or operator shall document concentrations in the Notification of Compliance Status report described in § 63.1260(f).
( 1 ) Mass balance. The owner or operator shall calculate the concentrations of HAP compounds in wastewater considering the total quantity of HAP discharged to the water, the amount of water at the POD, and the amounts of water and solvent lost to other mechanisms such as reactions, air emissions, or uptake in product or other processing materials. The quantities of HAP and water shall be based on batch sheets, manufacturing tickets, or FDA bills of materials. In cases where a chemical reaction occurs that generates or consumes HAP, the amount of HAP remaining after a reaction shall be based on stoichometry assuming 100 percent theoretical consumption or yield, as applicable.
( 2 ) Published water solubility data. For single components in water, owners and operators may use the water solubilities published in standard reference texts at the POD temperature to determine maximum HAP concentration.
(C) Bench scale or pilot-scale test data. The concentration of partially soluble HAP, soluble HAP, or total HAP shall be calculated based on bench scale or pilot-scale test data. The owner or operator shall provide sufficient information to demonstrate that the bench-scale or pilot-scale test concentration data are representative of actual HAP concentrations. The owner or operator shall also provide documentation describing the testing protocol, and the means by which sample variability and analytical variability were accounted for in the determination of HAP concentrations. Documentation of the pilot-scale or bench scale analysis shall be provided in the precompliance report.
(D) Adjustment for concentrations determined downstream of the POD. The owner or operator shall make corrections to the annual average concentration when the concentration is determined downstream of the POD at a location where: two or more wastewater streams have been mixed; one or more wastewater streams have been treated; or, losses to the atmosphere have occurred. The owner or operator shall make the adjustments either to the individual data points or to the final annual average concentration.
(iii) Determination of annual load. An owner or operator shall calculate the partially soluble and/or soluble HAP load in a wastewater stream based on the annual average concentration determined in paragraph (e)(1)(ii) (A), (B), or (C) of this section and the total volume of the wastewater stream, based on knowledge of the wastewater stream in accordance with paragraphs (e)(1)(ii)(B) of this section. The owner or operator shall maintain records of the total liters of wastewater discharged per year as specified in § 63.1259(b).
(2) Compliance with treatment unit control provisions —(i) Performance tests and design evaluations-general. To comply with the control options in § 63.1256(g) (10) or (13), neither a design evaluation nor a performance test is required. For any other nonbiological treatment process, the owner or operator shall conduct either a design evaluation as specified in paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this section, or a performance test as specified in paragraph (e)(2)(iii) of this section to demonstrate that each nonbiological treatment process used to comply with § 63.1256(g) (8), (9), and/or (12) achieves the conditions specified for compliance. The owner or operator shall demonstrate by the procedures in either paragraph (e)(2) (ii) or (iii) of this section that each closed biological treatment process used to comply with § 63.1256 (g)(8)(ii), (g)(9)(ii), (g)(11), or (g)(12) achieves the conditions specified for compliance. If an open biological treatment unit is used to comply with § 63.1256 (g)(8)(ii), (g)(9)(ii), (g)(11), or (g)(12), the owner or operator shall comply with the performance test requirements in paragraph (e)(2)(iii) of this section.
(ii) Design evaluation. A design evaluation and supporting documentation that addresses the operating characteristics of the treatment process and that is based on operation at a wastewater stream flow rate and a concentration under which it would be most difficult to demonstrate compliance. For closed biological treatment processes, the percent reduction from removal/destruction in the treatment unit and control device shall be determined by a mass balance over the unit. The mass flow rate of soluble and/or partially soluble HAP compounds exiting the treatment process shall be the sum of the mass flow rate of soluble and/or partially soluble HAP compounds in the wastewater stream exiting the biological treatment process and the mass flow rate of the vented gas stream exiting the control device. The mass flow rate entering the treatment process minus the mass flow rate exiting the process determines the actual mass removal. Compounds that meet the requirements specified in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 4 ) of this section are not required to be included in the design evaluation; the term “performance test” in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 4 ) of this section shall mean “design evaluation” for the purposes of this paragraph.
(iii) Performance tests. Performance tests shall be conducted using test methods and procedures that meet the applicable requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(A) through (G) of this section.
(A) General. This paragraph specifies the general procedures for performance tests that are conducted to demonstrate compliance of a treatment process with the control requirements specified in § 63.1256(g).
( 1 ) Representative process unit operating conditions. Compliance shall be demonstrated for representative operating conditions. Operations during periods of malfunction and periods of nonoperation shall not constitute representative conditions. The owner or operator shall record the process information that is necessary to document operating conditions during the test.
( 2 ) Representative treatment process operating conditions. Performance tests shall be conducted when the treatment process is operating at a representative inlet flow rate and concentration. If the treatment process will be operating at several different sets of representative operating conditions, the owner or operator shall comply with paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 2 )( i ) and ( ii ) of this section. The owner or operator shall record information that is necessary to document treatment process or control device operating conditions during the test.
( i ) Range of operating conditions. If the treatment process will be operated at several different sets of representative operating conditions, performance testing over the entire range is not required. In such cases, the performance test results shall be supplemented with modeling and/or engineering assessments to demonstrate performance over the operating range.
( ii ) Consideration of residence time. If concentration and/or flow rate to the treatment process are not relatively constant (i.e., comparison of inlet and outlet data will not be representative of performance), the owner or operator shall consider residence time, when determining concentration and flow rate.
( 3 ) Testing equipment. All testing equipment shall be prepared and installed as specified in the applicable test methods, or as approved by the Administrator.
( 4 ) Compounds not required to be considered in performance tests. Compounds that meet the requirements specified in (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 4 )( i ), ( ii ), or ( iii ) of this section are not required to be included in the performance test. Concentration measurements based on Method 305 shall be adjusted by dividing each concentration by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart. Concentration measurements based on methods other than Method 305 shall not be adjusted by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart.
( i ) Compounds not used or produced by the PMPU; or
( ii ) Compounds with concentrations at the POD that are below 1 ppmw; or
( iii ) Compounds with concentrations at the POD that are below the lower detection limit where the lower detection limit is greater than 1 ppmw. The method shall be an analytical method for wastewater which has the compound of interest as a target analyte.
( 5 ) Treatment using a series of treatment processes. In all cases where the wastewater provisions in this subpart allow or require the use of a treatment process to comply with emissions limitations, the owner or operator may use multiple treatment processes. The owner or operator complying with the requirements of § 63.1256(g)(7)(i), when wastewater is conveyed by hard-piping, shall comply with either paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 5 )( i ) or ( ii ) of this section. The owner or operator complying with the requirements of § 63.1256(g)(7)(ii) shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 5 )( ii ) of this section.
( i ) The owner or operator shall conduct the performance test across each series of treatment processes. For each series of treatment processes, inlet concentration and flow rate shall be measured either where the wastewater enters the first treatment process in a series of treatment processes, or prior to the first treatment process as specified in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 6 ) of this section. For each series of treatment processes, outlet concentration and flow rate shall be measured where the wastewater exits the last treatment process in the series of treatment processes, except when the last treatment process is an open or a closed aerobic biological treatment process demonstrating compliance by using the procedures in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(E) or (F) of this section. When the last treatment process is either an open or a closed aerobic biological treatment process demonstrating compliance by using the procedures in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(E) or (F) of this section, inlet and outlet concentrations and flow rates shall be measured at the inlet and outlet to the series of treatment processes prior to the biological treatment process and at the inlet to the biological treatment process, except as provided in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)(6)(ii) of this section. The mass flow rate destroyed in the biological treatment process for which compliance is demonstrated using paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(E) or (F) of this section shall be added to the mass flow rate removed or destroyed in the series of treatment units before the biological treatment unit. This sum shall be used to calculate the overall control efficiency.
( ii ) The owner or operator shall conduct the performance test across each treatment process in the series of treatment processes. The mass flow rate removed or destroyed by each treatment process shall be added together and the overall control efficiency calculated to determine whether compliance has been demonstrated using paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(C), (D), (E), (F), or (G) of this section, as applicable. If a biological treatment process is one of the treatment processes in the series of treatment processes, the inlet to the biological treatment process shall be the point at which the wastewater enters the biological treatment process, or the inlet to the equalization tank if all the criteria of paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 6 )( ii ) of this section are met.
( 6 ) The owner or operator determining the inlet for purposes of demonstrating compliance with paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(E), or (F)of this section may elect to comply with paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 6 )( i ) or ( ii ) of this section.
( i ) When wastewater is conveyed exclusively by hard-piping from the point of determination to a treatment process that is either the only treatment process or the first in a series of treatment processes (i.e., no treatment processes or other waste management units are used upstream of this treatment process to store, handle, or convey the wastewater), the inlet to the treatment process shall be at any location from the point of determination to where the wastewater stream enters the treatment process. When samples are taken upstream of the treatment process and before wastewater streams have converged, the owner or operator shall ensure that the mass flow rate of all affected wastewater is accounted for when using § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii), (g)(9)(ii) or (g)(12) of this subpart to comply and that the mass flow rate of all wastewater, not just affected wastewater, is accounted for when using § 63.1256(g)(11) to comply, except as provided in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 4 ) of this section.
( ii ) The owner or operator may consider the inlet to the equalization tank as the inlet to the biological treatment process if the wastewater is conveyed by hard-piping from either the last previous treatment process or the point of determination to the equalization tank; and the wastewater is conveyed from the equalization tank exclusively by hard-piping to the biological treatment process and no treatment processes or other waste management units are used to store, handle, or convey the wastewater between the equalization tank and the biological treatment process; and the equalization tank is equipped with a fixed roof and a closed-vent system that routes emissions to a control device that meets the requirements of § 63.1256(b)(1)(i) through (iv) and § 63.1256(b)(2)(i). The outlet from the series of treatment processes prior to the biological treatment process is the point at which the wastewater exits the last treatment process in the series prior to the equalization tank, if the equalization tank and biological treatment process are part of a series of treatment processes. The owner or operator shall ensure that the mass flow rate of all affected wastewater is accounted for when using § 63.1256(g)(9)(ii) or (12) to comply and that the mass flow rate of all wastewater, not just affected wastewater is accounted for when using § 63.1256(g)(11) to comply, except as provided in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 4 ) of this section.
(B) Noncombustion treatment process—concentration limits. This paragraph applies to performance tests that are conducted to demonstrate compliance of a noncombustion treatment process with the ppmw wastewater stream concentration limits at the outlet of the treatment process. This compliance option is specified in § 63.1256(g)(8)(i) and (9)(i). Wastewater samples shall be collected using sampling procedures which minimize loss of organic compounds during sample collection and analysis and maintain sample integrity per paragraph (b)(10)(vi) of this section. Samples shall be collected and analyzed using the procedures specified in paragraphs (b)(10)(i) through (vi) of this section. Samples may be grab samples or composite samples. Samples shall be taken at approximately equally spaced time intervals over a 1-hour period. Each 1-hour period constitutes a run, and the performance test shall consist of a minimum of three runs. Concentration measurements based on methods other than Method 305 may be adjusted by multiplying each concentration by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart. (For affected wastewater streams that contains both partially soluble and soluble HAP compounds, compliance is demonstrated only if the sum of the concentrations of partially soluble HAP compounds is less than 50 ppmw, and the sum of the concentrations of soluble HAP compounds is less than 520 ppmw.)
(C) Noncombustion, nonbiological treatment process: percent mass removal/destruction option. This paragraph applies to performance tests that are conducted to demonstrate compliance of a noncombustion, nonbiological treatment process with the percent mass removal limits specified in § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii) and (9)(ii) for partially soluble and soluble HAP compounds, respectively. The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(C)( 1 ) through ( 5 ) of this section.
( 1 ) Concentration. The concentration of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds entering and exiting the treatment process shall be determined as provided in this paragraph. Wastewater samples shall be collected using sampling procedures which minimize loss of organic compounds during sample collection and analysis and maintain sample integrity per paragraph (b)(10)(vi) of this section. The method shall be an analytical method for wastewater which has the compound of interest as a target analyte. Samples may be grab samples or composite samples. Samples shall be taken at approximately equally spaced time intervals over a 1-hour period. Each 1-hour period constitutes a run, and the performance test shall consist of a minimum of three runs. Concentration measurements based on Method 305 shall be adjusted by dividing each concentration by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart. Concentration measurements based on methods other than Method 305 shall not be adjusted by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart.
( 2 ) Flow rate. The flow rate of the entering and exiting wastewater streams shall be determined using inlet and outlet flow meters, respectively. Where the outlet flow is not greater than the inlet flow, a single flow meter may be used, and may be used at either the inlet or outlet. Flow rate measurements shall be taken at the same time as the concentration measurements.
( 3 ) Calculation of mass flow rate—for noncombustion, nonbiological treatment processes. The mass flow rates of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds entering and exiting the treatment process are calculated using Equations 44 and 45 of this subpart.
( 4 ) Percent removal calculation for mass flow rate. The percent mass removal across the treatment process shall be calculated as follows:
( 5 ) Compare mass removal efficiency to required efficiency. Compare the mass removal efficiency (calculated in Equation 46 of this subpart) to the required efficiency as specified in § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii) or (9)(ii). If complying with § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the mass removal efficiency is 99 percent or greater. If complying with § 63.1256(g)(9)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the mass removal efficiency is 90 percent or greater.
(D) Combustion treatment processes: percent mass removal/destruction option. This paragraph applies to performance tests that are conducted to demonstrate compliance of a combustion treatment process with the percent mass destruction limits specified in § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii) for partially soluble HAP compounds, and/or § 63.1256(g)(9)(ii) for soluble HAP compounds. The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(D)( 1 ) through ( 8 ) of this section.
( 1 ) Concentration in wastewater stream entering the combustion treatment process. The concentration of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds entering the treatment process shall be determined as provided in this paragraph. Wastewater samples shall be collected using sampling procedures which minimize loss of organic compounds during sample collection and analysis and maintain sample integrity per paragraph (b)(10)(vi) of this section. The method shall be an analytical method for wastewater which has the compound of interest as a target analyte. Samples may be grab samples or composite samples. Samples shall be taken at approximately equally spaced time intervals over a 1-hour period. Each 1-hour period constitutes a run, and the performance test shall consist of a minimum of three runs. Concentration measurements based on Method 305 of appendix A of this part shall be adjusted by dividing each concentration by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart. Concentration measurements based on methods other than Method 305 shall not be adjusted by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart.
( 2 ) Flow rate of wastewater entering the combustion treatment process. The flow rate of the wastewater stream entering the combustion treatment process shall be determined using an inlet flow meter. Flow rate measurements shall be taken at the same time as the concentration measurements.
( 3 ) Calculation of mass flow rate in wastewater stream entering combustion treatment processes. The mass flow rate of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds entering the treatment process is calculated as follows:
( 4 ) Concentration in vented gas stream exiting the combustion treatment process. The concentration of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds (or TOC) exiting the combustion treatment process in any vented gas stream shall be determined as provided in this paragraph. Samples may be grab samples or composite samples. Samples shall be taken at approximately equally spaced time intervals over a 1-hour period. Each 1-hour period constitutes a run, and the performance test shall consist of a minimum of three runs. Concentration measurements shall be determined using Method 18 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Alternatively, any other test method validated according to the procedures in Method 301 of appendix A of this part may be used.
( 5 ) Volumetric flow rate of vented gas stream exiting the combustion treatment process. The volumetric flow rate of the vented gas stream exiting the combustion treatment process shall be determined using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as appropriate. Volumetric flow rate measurements shall be taken at the same time as the concentration measurements.
( 6 ) Calculation of mass flow rate of vented gas stream exiting combustion treatment processes. The mass flow rate of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds in a vented gas stream exiting the combustion treatment process shall be calculated as follows:
( 7 ) Destruction efficiency calculation. The destruction efficiency of the combustion unit for partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds shall be calculated as follows:
( 8 ) Compare mass destruction efficiency to required efficiency. Compare the mass destruction efficiency (calculated in Equation 49 of this subpart) to the required efficiency as specified in § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii) or (g)(9)(ii). If complying with § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the mass destruction efficiency is 99 percent or greater. If complying with § 63.1256(g)(9)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the mass destruction efficiency is 90 percent or greater.
(E) Open or closed aerobic biological treatment processes: 95-percent mass destruction option. This paragraph applies to performance tests that are conducted for open or closed aerobic biological treatment processes to demonstrate compliance with the 95-percent mass destruction provisions in § 63.1256(g)(11) for partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds.
( 1 ) Concentration in wastewater stream. The concentration of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP as provided in this paragraph. Concentration measurements to determine E shall be taken as provided in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 5 ) of this section for a series of treatment processes. Wastewater samples shall be collected using sampling procedures which minimize loss of organic compounds during sample collection and analysis and maintain sample integrity per paragraph (b)(10)(vi) of this section. The method shall be an analytical method for wastewater which has the compound of interest as a target analyte. Samples may be grab samples or composite samples. Samples shall be taken at approximately equally spaced time intervals over a 1-hour period. Each 1-hour period constitutes a run, and the performance test shall consist of a minimum of three runs. Concentration measurements based on Method 305 shall be adjusted by dividing each concentration by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart. Concentration measurements based on methods other than Method 305 shall not be adjusted by the compound-specific Fm factor listed in Table 8 of this subpart.
( 2 ) Flow rate. Flow rate measurements to determine E shall be taken as provided in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 5 ) of this section for a series of treatment processes. Flow rate shall be determined using inlet and outlet flow measurement devices. Where the outlet flow is not greater than the inlet flow, a single flow measurement device may be used, and may be used at either the inlet or outlet. Flow rate measurements shall be taken at the same time as the concentration measurements.
( 3 ) Destruction efficiency. The owner or operator shall comply with the provisions in either paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(E)( 3 )( i ) or ( ii ) of this section. Compliance is demonstrated if the destruction efficiency, E, is equal to or greater than 95 percent.
( i ) If the performance test is performed across the open or closed biological treatment system only, compliance is demonstrated if E is equal to F bio , where E is the destruction efficiency of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds and F bio is the site-specific fraction of partially soluble and/or soluble HAP compounds biodegraded. F bio shall be determined as specified in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(E)( 4 ) of this section and appendix C of subpart G of this part.
( ii ) If compliance is being demonstrated in accordance with paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 5 )( i ) or ( ii ) of this section, the removal efficiency shall be calculated using Equation 50 of this subpart. When complying with paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 5 )( i ) of this section, the series of nonbiological treatment processes comprise one treatment process segment. When complying with paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)( 5 )( ii ) of this section, each nonbiological treatment process is a treatment process segment.
( 4 ) Site-specific fraction biodegraded (F bio ). The procedures used to determine the compound-specific kinetic parameters for use in calculating F bio differ for the compounds listed in Tables 2 and 3 of this subpart. An owner or operator shall calculate F bio as specified in either paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(E)( 4 )( i ) or ( ii ) of this section.
( i ) For biological treatment processes that do not meet the definition for enhanced biological treatment in § 63.1251, the owner or operator shall determine the F bio for the compounds in Tables 2 and 3 of this subpart using any of the procedures in appendix C to part 63, except procedure 3 (inlet and outlet concentration measurements). (The symbol “F bio ” represents the site-specific fraction of an individual partially soluble or soluble HAP compound that is biodegraded.)
( ii ) If the biological treatment process meets the definition of “enhanced biological treatment process” in § 63.1251, the owner or operator shall determine F bio for the compounds in Table 2 of this subpart using any of the procedures specified in appendix C to part 63. The owner or operator shall calculate F bio for the compounds in Table 3 of this subpart using the defaults for first order biodegradation rate constants (K 1 ) in Table 9 of this subpart and follow the procedure explained in Form III of appendix C, 40 CFR part 63, or any of the procedures specified in appendix C of 40 CFR part 63.
(F) Open or closed aerobic biological treatment processes: percent removal for partially soluble or soluble HAP compounds. This paragraph applies to the use of performance tests that are conducted for open or closed aerobic biological treatment processes to demonstrate compliance with the percent removal provisions for either partially soluble HAP compounds in § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii) or soluble HAP compounds in § 63.1256(g)(9)(ii) or (g)(12). The owner or operator shall comply with the provisions in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(E) of this section, except that compliance with § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii) shall be demonstrated when E is equal to or greater than 99 percent, compliance with § 63.1256(g)(9)(ii) shall be demonstrated when E is equal to or greater than 90 percent, and compliance with § 63.1256(g)(12) shall be demonstrated when E is equal to or greater than 99 percent.
(G) Closed biological treatment processes: percent mass removal option. This paragraph applies to the use of performance tests that are conducted for closed biological treatment processes to demonstrate compliance with the percent removal provisions in §§ 63.1256(g)(8)(ii), (g)(9)(ii), (g)(11), or (g)(12). The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(G) ( 1 ) through ( 4 ) of this section.
( 1 ) Comply with the procedures specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(C) ( 1 ) through ( 3 ) of this section to determine characteristics of the wastewater entering the biological treatment unit, except that the term “partially soluble and/or soluble HAP” shall mean “soluble HAP” for the purposes of this section if the owner or operator is complying with § 63.1256(g)(9)(ii) or (g)(12), and it shall mean “partially soluble HAP” if the owner or operator is complying with § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii).
( 2 ) Comply with the procedures specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(D) ( 4 ) through ( 6 ) of this section to determine the characteristics of gas vent streams exiting a control device, with the differences noted in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(G)( 3 ) ( i ) and ( ii ) of this section.
( i ) The term “partially soluble and/or soluble HAP” shall mean “soluble HAP” for the purposes of this section if the owner or operator is complying with § 63.1256(g)(9)(ii) or (g)(12), and it shall mean “partially soluble HAP” if the owner or operator is complying with § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii).
( ii ) The term “combustion treatment process” shall mean “control device” for the purposes of this section.
( 3 ) Percent removal/destruction calculation. The percent removal and destruction across the treatment unit and any control device(s) shall be calculated using Equation 51 of this subpart:
( 4 ) Compare mass removal/destruction efficiency to required efficiency. Compare the mass removal/destruction efficiency (calculated using Equation 51 of this subpart) to the required efficiency as specified in § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii), (g)(9)(ii), (g)(11), or (g)(12). If complying with § 63.1256(g)(8)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the mass removal/destruction is 99 percent or greater. If complying with § 63.1256(g)(9)(ii), compliance is demonstrated if the mass removal/destruction efficiency is 90 percent or greater. If complying with § 63.1256(g)(11), compliance is demonstrated if the mass removal/destruction efficiency is 95 percent or greater. If complying with § 63.1256(g)(12), compliance is demonstrated if the mass removal/destruction efficiency is 99 percent or greater.
(3) Compliance with control device provisions. Except as provided in paragraph (e)(3)(iv) of this section, an owner or operator shall demonstrate that each control device or combination of control devices achieves the appropriate conditions specified in § 63.1256(h)(2) by using one or more of the methods specified in paragraphs (e)(3)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section.
(i) Performance test for control devices other than flares. This paragraph applies to performance tests that are conducted to demonstrate compliance of a control device with the efficiency limits specified in § 63.1256(h)(2). If complying with the 95-percent reduction efficiency requirement, comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(3)(i) (A) through (J) of this section. If complying with the 20 ppm by volume requirement, comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(3)(i) (A) through (G) and (e)(3)(i)(J) of this section.
(A) General. The owner or operator shall comply with the general performance test provisions in paragraphs (e)(2)(iii)(A) ( 1 ) through ( 4 ) of this section, except that the term “treatment unit” shall mean “control device” for the purposes of this section.
(B) Sampling sites. Sampling sites shall be selected using Method 1 or 1A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as appropriate. For determination of compliance with the 95 percent reduction requirement, sampling sites shall be located at the inlet and the outlet of the control device. For determination of compliance with the 20 ppmv limit, the sampling site shall be located at the outlet of the control device.
(C) Concentration in gas stream entering or exiting the control device. The concentration of total organic HAP or TOC in a gas stream shall be determined as provided in this paragraph. Samples may be grab samples or composite samples (i.e., integrated samples). Samples shall be taken at approximately equally spaced time intervals over a 1-hour period. Each 1-hour period constitutes a run, and the performance test shall consist of a minimum of three runs. Concentration measurements shall be determined using Method 18 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Alternatively, any other test method validated according to the procedures in Method 301 of appendix A of this part may be used.
(D) Volumetric flow rate of gas stream entering or exiting the control device. The volumetric flow rate of the gas stream shall be determined using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as appropriate. Volumetric flow rate measurements shall be taken at the same time as the concentration measurements.
(E) Calculation of TOC concentration. The owner or operator shall compute TOC in accordance with the procedures in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(F) Calculation of total organic HAP concentration. The owner or operator determining compliance based on total organic HAP concentration shall compute the total organic HAP concentration in accordance with the provisions in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(G) Requirements for combustion control devices. If the control device is a combustion device, the owner or operator shall correct TOC and organic HAP concentrations to 3 percent oxygen in accordance with the provisions in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, and demonstrate initial compliance with the requirements for halogenated streams in accordance with paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
(H) Mass rate calculation. The mass rate of either TOC (minus methane and ethane) or total organic HAP for each sample run shall be calculated using the following equations. Where the mass rate of TOC is being calculated, all organic compounds (minus methane and ethane) measured by methods specified in paragraph (e)(3)(i)(C) of this section are summed using Equations 52 and 53 of this subpart. Where the mass rate of total organic HAP is being calculated, only soluble and partially soluble HAP compounds shall be summed using Equations 52 and 53.
(I) Percent reduction calculation. The percent reduction in TOC or total organic HAP for each sample run shall be calculated using Equation 54 of this subpart:
(J) Compare mass destruction efficiency to required efficiency. If complying with the 95-percent reduction efficiency requirement, compliance is demonstrated if the mass destruction efficiency (calculated in Equation 51 of this subpart) is 95 percent or greater. If complying with the 20 ppmv limit, compliance is demonstrated if the outlet TOC concentration is 20 ppmv, or less.
(ii) Design evaluation. A design evaluation conducted in accordance with the provisions in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Compounds that meet the requirements specified in paragraph (e)(2)(iii)(A)(4) of this section are not required to be included in the design evaluation.
(iii) Compliance demonstration for flares. When a flare is used to comply with § 63.1256(h), the owner or operator shall comply with the flare provisions in § 63.11(b). An owner or operator is not required to conduct a performance test to determine percent emission reduction or outlet organic HAP or TOC concentration when a flare is used.
(iv) Exemptions from compliance demonstrations. An owner or operator using any control device specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section is exempt from the requirements in paragraphs (e)(3)(i) through (e)(3)(iii) of this section and from the requirements in § 63.6(f).
(f) Pollution prevention alternative standard. The owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance with § 63.1252(e)(2) using the procedures described in paragraph (f)(1) and (f)(3) of this section. The owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance with § 63.1252(e)(3) using the procedures described in paragraphs (f)(2) and (f)(3) of this section.
(1) Compliance is demonstrated when the annual kg/kg factor, calculated according to the procedure in paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (iii) of this section, is reduced by at least 75 percent as calculated according to the procedure in paragraph (f)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) The production-indexed HAP consumption factors shall be calculated by dividing annual consumption of total HAP by the annual production rate, per process. The production-indexed total VOC consumption factor shall be calculated by dividing annual consumption of total VOC by the annual production rate, per process.
(ii) The baseline factor is calculated from yearly production and consumption data for the first 3-year period in which the PMPU was operational, beginning no earlier than the 1987 calendar year, or for a minimum period of 12 months from startup of the process until the present in which the PMPU was operational and data are available, beginning no earlier than the 1987 calendar year.
(iii) The annual factor is calculated on the following bases:
(A) For continuous processes, the annual factor shall be calculated every 30 days for the 12-month period preceding the 30th day (30-day rolling average).
(B) For batch processes, the annual factor shall be calculated either every 10 batches for the 12-month period preceding the 10th batch (10-batch rolling average) or a maximum of once per month, if the number of batches is greater than 10 batches per month. The annual factor shall be calculated every 5 batches if the number of batches is less than 10 for the 12-month period preceding the 10th batch and shall be calculated every year if the number of batches is less than 5 for the 12-month period preceding the 5th batch.
(2) Compliance is demonstrated when the requirements of paragraphs (f)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section are met.
(i) The annual kg/kg factor, calculated according to the procedure in paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (f)(1)(iii) of this section, is reduced to a value equal to or less than 50 percent of the baseline factor calculated according to the procedure in paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(ii) The yearly reductions associated with add-on controls that meet the criteria of §§ 63.1252(h)(3)(ii)(A) through (D) must be equal to or greater than the amounts calculated in paragraphs (f)(2)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section:
(A) The mass of HAP calculated using Equation 55 of this subpart:
(B) The mass of VOC calculated using Equation 56 of this subpart:
(iii) Demonstration that the criteria in § 63.1252(e)(3)(ii)(A) through (D) are met shall be accomplished through a description of the control device and of the material streams entering and exiting the control device.
(iv) The annual reduction achieved by the add-on control shall be quantified using the methods described in § 63.1257(d).
(3) Each owner or operator of a PMPU complying with the P2 standard shall prepare a P2 demonstration summary that shall contain, at a minimum, the following information:
(i) Descriptions of the methodologies and forms used to measure and record daily consumption of HAP compounds reduced as part of the P2 standard.
(ii) Descriptions of the methodologies and forms used to measure and record daily production of products which are included in the P2 standard.
(iii) Supporting documentation for the descriptions provided in paragraphs (f)(3)(i) and (ii) including, but not limited to, operator log sheets and copies of daily, monthly, and annual inventories of materials and products.
(g) Compliance with storage tank provisions by using emissions averaging. An owner or operator with two or more affected storage tanks may demonstrate compliance with § 63.1253, as applicable, by fulfilling the requirements of paragraphs (g)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall develop and submit for approval an Implementation Plan containing all the information required in § 63.1259(e) 6 months prior to the compliance date of the standard. The Administrator shall have 90 days to approve or disapprove the emissions averaging plan after which time the plan shall be considered approved.
(2) The annual mass rate of total organic HAP (E Ti , E To ) shall be calculated for each storage tank included in the emissions average using the procedures specified in paragraph (c)(1), (2), or (3) of this section.
(3) Equations 57 and 58 of this subpart shall be used to calculate total HAP emissions for those tanks subject to § 63.1253(b) or (c):
(4) The overall percent reduction efficiency shall be calculated as follows:
(h) Compliance with process vent provisions by using emissions averaging. An owner or operator with two or more affected processes complying with § 63.1254 by using emissions averaging shall demonstrate compliance with paragraphs (h)(1), (2) and (3) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall develop and submit for approval an Implementation Plan at least 6 months prior to the compliance date of the standard containing all the information required in § 63.1259(e). The Administrator shall have 90 days to approve or disapprove the emissions averaging plan. The plan shall be considered approved if the Administrator either approves the plan in writing, or fails to disapprove the plan in writing. The 90-day period shall begin when the Administrator receives the request. If the request is denied, the owner or operator must still be in compliance with the standard by the compliance date.
(2) Owners or operators shall calculate uncontrolled and controlled emissions of HAP by using the methods specified in paragraph (d)(2) and (3) of this section for each process included in the emissions average.
(3) Equations 60 and 61 of this subpart shall be used to calculate total HAP emissions:
(4) The overall percent reduction efficiency shall be calculated using Equation 62 of this subpart:
§ 63.1258   Monitoring Requirements.
(a) The owner or operator of any existing, new, or reconstructed affected source shall provide evidence of continued compliance with the standard as specified in this section. During the initial compliance demonstration, maximum or minimum operating parameter levels, as appropriate, shall be established for emission sources that will indicate the source is in compliance. Test data, calculations, or information from the evaluation of the control device design shall be used to establish the operating parameter level.
(b) Monitoring for control devices —(1) Parameters to monitor. Except as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, for each control device, the owner or operator shall install and operate monitoring devices and operate within the established parameter levels to ensure continued compliance with the standard. Monitoring parameters are specified for control scenarios in Table 4 of this subpart and in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) through (xi) of this section.
(i) Periodic verification. For control devices that control vent streams totaling less than 1 ton/yr HAP emissions, before control, monitoring shall consist of a daily verification that the device is operating properly. If the control device is used to control batch process vents alone or in combination with other streams, the verification may be on a per batch basis. This verification shall include, but not be limited to, a daily or per batch demonstration that the unit is working as designed and may include the daily measurements of the parameters described in (b)(1)(ii) through (x) of this section. This demonstration shall be included in the Precompliance report, to be submitted 6 months prior to the compliance date of the standard.
(ii) Scrubbers. For affected sources using liquid scrubbers, the owner or operator shall establish a minimum scrubber liquid flow rate or pressure drop as a site-specific operating parameter which must be measured and recorded every 15 minutes during the period in which the scrubber is functioning in achieving the HAP removal required by this subpart. If the scrubber uses a caustic solution to remove acid emissions, the owner or operator shall establish a minimum pH of the effluent scrubber liquid as a site-specific operating parameter which must be monitored at least once a day. As an alternative to measuring pH, you may elect to continuously monitor the caustic strength of the scrubber effluent. The minimum scrubber flowrate or pressure drop shall be based on the conditions anticipated under worst-case conditions, as defined in § 63.1257(b)(8)(i).
(A) The monitoring device used to determine the pressure drop shall be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within a gage pressure of ±10 percent of the maximum pressure drop measured.
(B) The monitoring device used for measurement of scrubber liquid flowrate shall be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate within ±10 percent of the design scrubber liquid flowrate.
(C) The monitoring device shall be calibrated annually.
(iii) Condensers. For each condenser, the owner or operator shall establish the maximum condenser outlet gas temperature or product side temperature as a site specific operating parameter which much be measured and recorded at least every 15 minutes during the period in which the condenser is functioning in achieving the HAP removal required by this subpart.
(A) The temperature monitoring device must be accurate to within ±2 percent of the temperature measured in degrees Celsius or ±2.5 °C, whichever is greater.
(B) The temperature monitoring device must be calibrated annually.
(iv) Regenerative carbon adsorbers. For each regenerative carbon adsorber, the owner or operator shall comply with the provisions in paragraphs (b)(1)(iv)(A) through (F) of this section.
(A) Establish the regeneration cycle characteristics specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(iv)(A)( 1 ) through ( 4 ) of this section under worst-case conditions, as defined in § 63.1257(b)(8)(i).
( 1 ) Minimum regeneration frequency (i.e., operating time since last regeneration);
( 2 ) Minimum temperature to which the bed is heated during regeneration;
( 3 ) Maximum temperature to which the bed is cooled, measured within 15 minutes of completing the cooling phase; and
( 4 ) Minimum regeneration stream flow.
(B) Monitor and record the regeneration cycle characteristics specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(iv)(B)( 1 ) through ( 4 ) of this section for each regeneration cycle.
( 1 ) Regeneration frequency (operating time since end of last regeneration);
( 2 ) Temperature to which the bed is heated during regeneration;
( 3 ) Temperature to which the bed is cooled, measured within 15 minutes of the completion of the cooling phase; and
( 4 ) Regeneration stream flow.
(C) Use a temperature monitoring device that is accurate to within ±2 percent of the temperature measured in degrees Celsius or ±2.5 °C, whichever is greater.
(D) Use a regeneration stream flow monitoring device capable of recording the total regeneration stream flow to within ±10 percent of the established value (i.e., accurate to within ±10 percent of the reading).
(E) Calibrate the temperature and flow monitoring devices annually.
(F) Conduct an annual check for bed poisoning in accordance with manufacturer's specifications.
(v) Nonregenerative carbon adsorbers. For each nonregenerative carbon adsorber, the owner or operator shall establish and monitor the maximum time interval between replacement based on the conditions anticipated under worst-case, as defined in § 63.1257(b)(8)(i).
(vi) Flares. For each flare, the presence of the pilot flame shall be monitored every 15 minutes during the period in which the flare is functioning in achieving the HAP removal required by this subpart.
(vii) Thermal incinerators. For each thermal incinerator, the owner or operator shall establish the minimum temperature of the gases exiting the combustion chamber as the site-specific operating parameter which must be measured and recorded at least once every 15 minutes during the period in which the combustion device is functioning in achieving the HAP removal required by this subpart.
(A) The temperature monitoring device must be accurate to within ±0.75 percent of the temperature measured in degrees Celsius or ±2.5 °C, whichever is greater.
(B) The monitoring device must be calibrated annually.
(viii) Catalytic incinerators. For each catalytic incinerator, the owner or operator shall monitor the temperature of the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed. The owner or operator shall establish the minimum temperature of the gas stream immediately before the catalyst bed and the minimum temperature difference across the catalyst bed as the site-specific operating parameter which must be monitored and recorded at least once every 15 minutes during the period in which the catalytic incinerator is functioning in achieving the HAP removal required by this subpart.
(A) The temperature monitoring devices must be accurate to within ±0.75 percent of the temperature measured in degrees Celsius or ±2.5 °C, whichever is greater.
(B) The temperature monitoring devices must be calibrated annually.
(ix) Process heaters and boilers. (A) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(ix)(B) of this section, for each boiler or process heater, the owner or operator shall establish the minimum temperature of the gases exiting the combustion chamber as the site-specific operating parameter which must be monitored and recorded at least once every 15 minutes during the period in which the boiler or process heater is functioning in achieving the HAP removal required by this subpart.
( 1 ) The temperature monitoring device must be accurate to within ±0.75 percent of the temperature measured in degrees Celsius or ±2.5 °C, whichever is greater.
( 2 ) The temperature monitoring device must be calibrated annually.
(B) The owner or operator is exempt from the monitoring requirements specified in paragraph (b)(1)(ix)(A) of this section if either:
( 1 ) All vent streams are introduced with primary fuel; or
( 2 ) The design heat input capacity of the boiler or process heater is 44 megawatts or greater.
(x) Continuous emission monitor. As an alternative to the parameters specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) through (ix) of this section, an owner or operator may monitor and record the outlet HAP concentration or both the outlet TOC concentration and outlet hydrogen halide and halogen concentration every 15 minutes during the period in which the control device is functioning in achieving the HAP removal required by this subpart. The owner or operator need not monitor the hydrogen halide and halogen concentration if, based on process knowledge, the owner or operator determines that the emission stream does not contain hydrogen halides or halogens. The HAP or TOC monitor must meet the requirements of Performance Specification 8 or 9 of appendix B of part 60 and must be installed, calibrated, and maintained, according to § 63.8. As part of the QA/QC Plan, calibration of the device must include, at a minimum, quarterly cylinder gas audits.
(xi) CVS visual inspections. The owner or operator shall perform monthly visual inspections of each closed vent system as specified in § 63.1252(b).
(2) Averaging periods. Averaging periods for parametric monitoring levels shall be established according to paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section, a daily (24-hour) or block average shall be calculated as the average of all values for a monitored parameter level set according to the procedures in (b)(3)(iii) of this section recorded during the operating day or block.
(ii) The operating day or block shall be defined in the Notification of Compliance Status report. The daily average may be from midnight to midnight or another continuous 24-hour period. The block average is limited to a period of time that is, at a maximum, equal to the time from the beginning to end of a batch process.
(iii) Monitoring values taken during periods in which the control devices are not functioning in controlling emissions, as indicated by periods of no flow, shall not be considered in the averages. Where flow to the device could be intermittent, the owner or operator shall install, calibrate and operate a flow indicator at the inlet or outlet of the control device to identify periods of no flow.
(3) Procedures for setting parameter levels for control devices used to control emissions —(i) Small control devices. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, for devices controlling less than 10 tons per year of HAP for which a performance test is not required, the parametric levels shall be set based on the design evaluation required in § 63.1257(d)(3)(i). If a performance test is conducted, the monitoring parameter level shall be established according to the procedures in (b)(3)(ii) of this section.
(ii) Large control devices. For devices controlling greater than 10 tons per year of HAP for which a performance test is required, the parameter level must be established as follows:
(A) If the operating parameter level to be established is a maximum, it must be based on the average of the values from each of the three test runs.
(B) If the operating parameter level to be established is a minimum, it must be based on the average of the values from each of the three test runs.
(C) The owner or operator may establish the parametric monitoring level(s) based on the performance test supplemented by engineering assessments and manufacturer's recommendations. Performance testing is not required to be conducted over the entire range of expected parameter values. The rationale for the specific level for each parameter, including any data and calculations used to develop the level(s) and a description of why the level indicates proper operation of the control device shall be provided in the Precompliance report. The procedures specified in this section have not been approved by the Administrator and determination of the parametric monitoring level using these procedures is subject to review and approval by the Administrator.
(iii) Parameters for control devices controlling batch process vents. For devices controlling batch process vents alone or in combination with other streams, the parameter level(s) shall be established in accordance with paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(A) or (B) of this section.
(A) If more than one batch emission episode has been selected to be controlled, a single level for the batch process(es) shall be determined from the initial compliance demonstration.
(B) Instead of establishing a single level for the batch process(es), as described in paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(A) of this section, an owner or operator may establish separate levels for each batch emission episode, selected to be controlled. If separate monitoring levels are established, the owner or operator must provide a record indicating at what point in the daily schedule or log of processes required to be recorded per the requirements of § 63.1259(b)(9) the parameter being monitored changes levels and must record at least one reading of the new parameter level, even if the duration of monitoring for the new parameter is less than 15-minutes.
(4) Request approval to monitor alternative parameters. An owner or operator may request approval to monitor parameters other than those required by paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) through (ix) of this section. The request shall be submitted according to the procedures specified in § 63.8(f) or included in the Precompliance report.
(5) Monitoring for the alternative standards. (i) For control devices that are used to comply with the provisions of § 63.1253(d) or § 63.1254(c), the owner or operator shall monitor and record the outlet TOC concentration and the outlet hydrogen halide and halogen concentration every 15 minutes during the period in which the device is functioning in achieving the HAP removal required by this subpart using CEMS as specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(i)(A) through (D) of this section.
(A) A TOC monitor meeting the requirements of EPA Performance Specification 8, 9, or 15 of appendix B of 40 CFR part 60 shall be installed, calibrated, and maintained according to § 63.8.
(B) Except as specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(i)(C) and (D) of this section, the owner or operator must monitor HCl using either a FTIR CEMS that meets Performance Specification 15 of appendix B of part 60 or any other CEMS capable of measuring HCl for which a performance specification has been promulgated in appendix B of part 60. To monitor HCl with a CEMS for which a performance specification has not been promulgated, the owner or operator must prepare a monitoring plan and submit it for approval in accordance with the procedures specified in § 63.8.
(C) As an alternative to using a CEMS as specified in paragraph (b)(5)(i)(B) of this section to monitor halogenated vent streams that are controlled by a combustion device followed by a scrubber, the owner or operator may elect to monitor scrubber operating parameters as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section that demonstrate the HCl emissions are reduced by at least 95 percent by weight.
(D) The owner or operator need not monitor the hydrogen halide and halogen concentration if, based on process knowledge, the owner or operator determines that the emission stream does not contain hydrogen halides or halogens.
(ii) An owner or operator complying with the alternative standard using control devices in which supplemental gases are added to the vents or manifolds must either correct for supplemental gases as specified in § 63.1257(a)(3) or comply with the requirements of paragraph (b)(5)(ii)(A) or (B) of this section. If the owner or operator corrects for supplemental gases as specified in § 63.1257(a)(3)(ii) for noncombustion control devices, the flow rates must be evaluated as specified in paragraph (b)(5)(ii)(C) of this section.
(A) Provisions for combustion devices. As an alternative to correcting for supplemental gases as specified in § 63.1257(a)(3), the owner or operator may monitor residence time and firebox temperature according to the requirements of paragraphs (b)(5)(ii)(A)( 1 ) and ( 2 ) of this section. Monitoring of residence time may be accomplished by monitoring flowrate into the combustion chamber.
( 1 ) If complying with the alternative standard instead of achieving a control efficiency of 95 percent or less, the owner or operator must maintain a minimum residence time of 0.5 seconds and a minimum combustion chamber temperature of 760 °C.
( 2 ) If complying with the alternative standard instead of achieving a control efficiency of 98 percent, the owner or operator must maintain a minimum residence time of 0.75 seconds and a minimum combustion chamber temperature of 816 °C.
(B) Provisions for dense gas systems. As an alternative to correcting for supplemental gases as specified in § 63.1257(a)(3), for noncombustion devices used to control emissions from dense gas systems, as defined in § 63.1251, the owner or operator shall monitor flowrate as specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(ii)(B)( 1 ) through ( 4 ) of this section.
( 1 ) Use Equation 63 of this subpart to calculate the system flowrate setpoint at which the average concentration is 5,000 ppmv TOC:
( 2 ) Annual emissions used in Equation 63 of this subpart must be based on the actual mass of organic compounds entering the control device, as calculated from the most representative emissions inventory data submitted within the 5 years before the Notification of Compliance Status report is due. The owner or operator must recalculate the system flowrate setpoint once every 5 years using the annual emissions from the most representative emissions inventory data submitted during the 5-year period after the previous calculation. Results of the initial calculation must be included in the Notification of Compliance Status report, and recalculated values must be included in the next Periodic report after each recalculation. For all calculations after the initial calculation, to use emissions inventory data calculated using procedures other than those specified in § 63.1257(d), the owner or operator must submit the emissions inventory data calculations and rationale for their use in the Notification of Process Change report or an application for a part 70 permit renewal or revision.
( 3 ) In the Notification of Compliance Status report, the owner or operator may elect to establish both a maximum daily average operating flowrate limit above the flowrate setpoint and a reduced outlet concentration limit corresponding to this flowrate limit. The owner or operator may also establish reduced outlet concentration limits for any daily average flowrates between the flowrate setpoint and the flowrate limit. The correlation between these elevated flowrates and the corresponding outlet concentration limits must be established using Equation 64 of this subpart:
( 4 ) The owner or operator must install and operate a monitoring system for measuring system flowrate. The flowrate into the control device must be monitored and recorded at least once every hour. The system flowrate must be calculated as the average of all values measured during each 24-hour operating day. The flowrate monitoring device must be accurate to within 5 percent of the system flowrate setpoint, and the flowrate monitoring device must be calibrated annually.
(C) Flow rate evaluation for noncombustion devices. To demonstrate continuous compliance with the requirement to correct for supplemental gases as specified in § 63.1257(a)(3)(ii) for noncombustion devices, the owner or operator must evaluate the volumetric flow rate of supplemental gases, V s , and the volumetric flow rate of all gases, V a , each time a new operating scenario is implemented based on process knowledge and representative operating data. The procedures used to evaluate the flow rates, and the resulting correction factor used in Equation 7B of this subpart, must be included in the Notification of Compliance Status report and in the next Periodic report submitted after an operating scenario change.
(6) Exceedances of operating parameters. An exceedance of an operating parameter is defined as one of the following:
(i) If the parameter, averaged over the operating day or block, is below a minimum value established during the initial compliance demonstration.
(ii) If the parameter, averaged over the operating day or block, is above the maximum value established during the initial compliance demonstration.
(iii) Each loss of all pilot flames for flares.
(7) Excursions. Excursions are defined by either of the two cases listed in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) or (ii) of this section.
(i) When the period of control device operation is 4 hours or greater in an operating day and monitoring data are insufficient to constitute a valid hour of data, as defined in paragraph (b)(7)(iii) of this section, for at least 75 percent of the operating hours.
(ii) When the period of control device operation is less than 4 hours in an operating day and more than one of the hours during the period of operation does not constitute a valid hour of data due to insufficient monitoring data.
(iii) Monitoring data are insufficient to constitute a valid hour of data, as used in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) and (ii) of this section, if measured values are unavailable for any of the required 15-minute periods within the hour.
(8) Violations. Exceedances of parameters monitored according to the provisions of paragraphs (b)(1)(ii), (iv) through (ix), and (b)(5)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section, or excursions as defined by paragraphs (b)(7)(i) through (iii) of this section, constitute violations of the operating limit according to paragraphs (b)(8)(i), (ii), and (iv) of this section. Exceedances of the temperature limit monitored according to the provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section or exceedances of the outlet concentrations monitored according to the provisions of paragraph (b)(1)(x) of this section constitute violations of the emission limit according to paragraphs (b)(8)(i), (ii), and (iv) of this section. Exceedances of the outlet concentrations monitored according to the provisions of paragraph (b)(5) of this section constitute violations of the emission limit according to the provisions of paragraphs (b)(8)(iii) and (iv) of this section.
(i) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(8)(iv) of this section, for episodes occurring more than once per day, exceedances of established parameter limits or excursions will result in no more than one violation per operating day for each monitored item of equipment utilized in the process.
(ii) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(8)(iv) of this section, for control devices used for more than one process in the course of an operating day, exceedances or excursions will result in no more than one violation per operating day, per control device, for each process for which the control device is in service.
(iii) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(8)(iv) of this section, exceedances of the 20 or 50 ppmv TOC outlet emission limit, averaged over the operating day, will result in no more than one violation per day per control device. Except as provided in paragraph (b)(8)(iv) of this section, exceedances of the 20 or 50 ppmv hydrogen halide or halogen outlet emission limit, averaged over the operating day, will result in no more than one violation per day per control device.
(c) Monitoring for emission limits. The owner or operator of any affected source complying with the provisions of § 63.1254(a)(2) shall demonstrate continuous compliance with the 900 and 1,800 kg/yr emission limits by calculating daily 365-day rolling summations of emissions. During periods of planned routine maintenance when emissions are controlled as specified in § 63.1252(h), the owner or operator must calculate controlled emissions assuming the HAP emissions are reduced by 93 percent. For any owner or operator opting to switch compliance strategy from the 93 percent control requirement to the annual mass emission limit method, as described in § 63.1254(a)(1)(i), the rolling summations, beginning with the first day after the switch, must include emissions from the past 365 days.
(d) Monitoring for equipment leaks. The owner or operator of any affected source complying with the requirements of § 63.1255 of this subpart shall meet the monitoring requirements described § 63.1255 of this subpart.
(e) Pollution prevention. The owner or operator of any affected source that chooses to comply with the requirements of §§ 63.1252(e)(2) and (3) shall calculate a yearly rolling average of kg HAP consumption per kg production and kg VOC consumption per kg production every month or every 10 batches. Each rolling average kg/kg factor that exceeds the value established in § 63.1257(f)(1)(ii) will be considered a violation of the emission limit.
(f) Emissions averaging. The owner or operator of any affected source that chooses to comply with the requirements of § 63.1252(d) shall meet all monitoring requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (3) of this section, as applicable, for all processes and storage tanks included in the emissions average.
(g) Inspection and monitoring of waste management units and treatment processes. (1) For each wastewater tank, surface impoundment, container, individual drain system, and oil-water separator that receives, manages, or treats wastewater, a residual removed from wastewater, a recycled wastewater, or a recycled residual removed from wastewater, the owner or operator shall comply with the inspection requirements specified in Table 7 of this subpart.
(2) For each biological treatment unit used to comply with § 63.1256(g), the owner or operator shall monitor TSS, BOD, and the biomass concentration at a frequency approved by the permitting authority and using methods approved by the permitting authority. The owner or operator may request approval to monitor other parameters. The request shall be submitted in the Precompliance report according to the procedures specified in § 63.1260(e), and shall include a description of planned reporting and recordkeeping procedures. The owner or operator shall include as part of the submittal the basis for the selected monitoring frequencies and the methods that will be used. The Administrator will specify appropriate reporting and recordkeeping requirements as part of the review of the permit application or by other appropriate means.
(3) For nonbiological treatment units, the owner or operator shall request approval to monitor appropriate parameters that demonstrate proper operation of the selected treatment process. The request shall be submitted in the Precompliance report according to the procedures specified in § 63.1260(e), and shall include a description of planned reporting and recordkeeping procedures. The Administrator will specify appropriate reporting and recordkeeping requirements as part of the review of the permit application or by other appropriate means.
(h) Leak inspection provisions for vapor suppression equipment. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (h)(9) and (10) of this section, for each vapor collection system, closed-vent system, fixed roof, cover, or enclosure required to comply with this section, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (h)(2) through (8) of this section.
(2) Except as provided in paragraphs (h)(6) and (7) of this section, each vapor collection system and closed-vent system shall be inspected according to the procedures and schedule specified in paragraphs (h)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section and each fixed roof, cover, and enclosure shall be inspected according to the procedures and schedule specified in paragraph (h)(2)(iii) of this section.
(i) If the vapor collection system or closed-vent system is constructed of hard-piping, the owner or operator shall:
(A) Conduct an initial inspection according to the procedures in paragraph (h)(3) of this section, and
(B) Conduct annual visual inspections for visible, audible, or olfactory indications of leaks.
(ii) If the vapor collection system or closed-vent system is constructed of ductwork, the owner or operator shall:
(A) Conduct an initial inspection according to the procedures in paragraph (h)(3) of this section, and
(B) Conduct annual inspections according to the procedures in paragraph (h)(3) of this section.
(C) Conduct annual visual inspections for visible, audible, or olfactory indications of leaks.
(iii) For each fixed roof, cover, and enclosure, the owner or operator shall:
(A) Conduct an initial inspection according to the procedures in paragraph (h)(3) of this section, and
(B) Conduct semiannual visual inspections for visible, audible, or olfactory indications of leaks.
(3) Each vapor collection system, closed-vent system, fixed roof, cover, and enclosure shall be inspected according to the procedures specified in paragraphs (h)(3)(i) through (v) of this section.
(i) Inspections shall be conducted in accordance with Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
(ii) Detection instrument performance criteria. (A) Except as provided in paragraph (h)(3)(ii)(B) of this section, the detection instrument shall meet the performance criteria of Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, except the instrument response factor criteria in section 3.1.2(a) of Method 21 shall be for the average composition of the process fluid not each individual VOC in the stream. For process streams that contain nitrogen, air, or other inerts which are not organic HAP or VOC, the average stream response factor shall be calculated on an inert-free basis.
(B) If no instrument is available at the plant site that will meet the performance criteria specified in paragraph (h)(3)(ii)(A) of this section, the instrument readings may be adjusted by multiplying by the average response factor of the process fluid, calculated on an inert-free basis as described in paragraph (h)(3)(ii)(A) of this section.
(iii) The detection instrument shall be calibrated before use on each day of its use by the procedures specified in Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
(iv) Calibration gases shall be as follows:
(A) Zero air (less than 10 parts per million hydrocarbon in air); and
(B) Mixtures of methane in air at a concentration less than 10,000 parts per million. A calibration gas other than methane in air may be used if the instrument does not respond to methane or if the instrument does not meet the performance criteria specified in paragraph (h)(2)(ii)(A) of this section. In such cases, the calibration gas may be a mixture of one or more of the compounds to be measured in air.
(v) An owner or operator may elect to adjust or not adjust instrument readings for background. If an owner or operator elects to not adjust readings for background, all such instrument readings shall be compared directly to the applicable leak definition to determine whether there is a leak. If an owner or operator elects to adjust instrument readings for background, the owner or operator shall measure background concentration using the procedures in § 63.180(b) and (c). The owner or operator shall subtract background reading from the maximum concentration indicated by the instrument.
(vi) The background level shall be determined according to the procedures in Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60 appendix A.
(vii) The arithmetic difference between the maximum concentration indicated by the instrument and the background level shall be compared with 500 parts per million for determining compliance.
(4) Leaks, as indicated by an instrument reading greater than 500 parts per million above background or by visual inspections, shall be repaired as soon as practicable, except as provided in paragraph (h)(5) of this section.
(i) A first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5 calendar days after the leak is detected.
(ii) Repair shall be completed no later than 15 calendar days after the leak is detected, except as provided in paragraph (h)(4)(iii) of this section.
(iii) For leaks found in vapor collection systems used for transfer operations, repairs shall be completed no later than 15 calendar days after the leak is detected or at the beginning of the next transfer loading operation, whichever is later.
(5) Delay of repair of a vapor collection system, closed-vent system, fixed roof, cover, or enclosure for which leaks have been detected is allowed if the repair is technically infeasible without a shutdown, as defined in § 63.1251, or if the owner or operator determines that emissions resulting from immediate repair would be greater than the fugitive emissions likely to result from delay of repair. Repair of such equipment shall be complete by the end of the next shutdown.
(6) Any parts of the vapor collection system, closed-vent system, fixed roof, cover, or enclosure that are designated, as described in paragraph (h)(8) of this section, as unsafe to inspect are exempt from the inspection requirements of paragraphs (h)(2)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this section if:
(i) The owner or operator determines that the equipment is unsafe to inspect because inspecting personnel would be exposed to an imminent or potential danger as a consequence of complying with paragraphs (h)(2)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section; and
(ii) The owner or operator has a written plan that requires inspection of the equipment as frequently as practicable during safe-to-inspect times.
(7) Any parts of the vapor collection system, closed-vent system, fixed roof, cover, or enclosure that are designated, as described in paragraph (h)(8) of this section, as difficult to inspect are exempt from the inspection requirements of paragraphs (h)(2)(i), (ii), and (iii)(A) of this section if:
(i) The owner or operator determines that the equipment cannot be inspected without elevating the inspecting personnel more than 2 meters above a support surface; and
(ii) The owner or operator has a written plan that requires inspection of the equipment at least once every 5 years.
(8) Records shall be maintained as specified in § 63.1259(i) (4) through (9).
(9) If a closed-vent system subject to this section is also subject to the equipment leak provisions of § 63.1255, the owner or operator shall comply with the provisions of § 63.1255 and is exempt from the requirements of this section.
(10) Instead of complying with the provisions of paragraphs (h)(2) through (8) of this section, an owner or operator may design a closed-vent system to operate at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The system shall be equipped with at least one pressure gauge or other pressure measurement device that can be read from a readily accessible location to verify that negative pressure is being maintained in the closed-vent system when the associated control device is operating.
(i) Planned routine maintenance. During periods of planned routine maintenance when organic HAP emissions are controlled as specified in § 63.1252(h)(2), the owner or operator must monitor the condenser outlet gas temperature according to the procedures specified in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section. During periods of planned routine maintenance when HCl emissions are controlled as specified in § 63.1252(h)(3), the owner or operator must monitor the pH of the scrubber effluent once per day.