Title 40—Protection of Environment--Volume 1
PART 60—STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
§ 60.42c   Standard for sulfur dioxide (SO2).
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (e) of this section, on and after the date on which the performance test is completed or required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, the owner or operator of an affected facility that combusts only coal shall neither: cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from the affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of 87 ng/J (0.20 lb/MMBtu) heat input or 10 percent (0.10) of the potential SO 2 emission rate (90 percent reduction), nor cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from the affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of 520 ng/J (1.2 lb/MMBtu) heat input. If coal is combusted with other fuels, the affected facility shall neither: cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from the affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of 87 ng/J (0.20 lb/MMBtu) heat input or 10 percent (0.10) of the potential SO 2 emission rate (90 percent reduction), nor cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from the affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of the emission limit is determined pursuant to paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
(b) Except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (e) of this section, on and after the date on which the performance test is completed or required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, the owner or operator of an affected facility that:
(1) Combusts only coal refuse alone in a fluidized bed combustion steam generating unit shall neither:
(i) Cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of 87 ng/J (0.20 lb/MMBtu) heat input or 20 percent (0.20) of the potential SO 2 emission rate (80 percent reduction); nor
(ii) Cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of SO 2 in excess of 520 ng/J (1.2 lb/MMBtu) heat input. If coal is fired with coal refuse, the affected facility subject to paragraph (a) of this section. If oil or any other fuel (except coal) is fired with coal refuse, the affected facility is subject to the 87 ng/J (0.20 lb/MMBtu) heat input SO 2 emissions limit or the 90 percent SO 2 reduction requirement specified in paragraph (a) of this section and the emission limit is determined pursuant to paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
(2) Combusts only coal and that uses an emerging technology for the control of SO 2 emissions shall neither:
(i) Cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of 50 percent (0.50) of the potential SO 2 emission rate (50 percent reduction); nor
(ii) Cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of 260 ng/J (0.60 lb/MMBtu) heat input. If coal is combusted with other fuels, the affected facility is subject to the 50 percent SO 2 reduction requirement specified in this paragraph and the emission limit determined pursuant to paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
(c) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected facility that combusts coal, alone or in combination with any other fuel, and is listed in paragraphs (c)(1), (2), (3), or (4) of this section shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of the emission limit determined pursuant to paragraph (e)(2) of this section. Percent reduction requirements are not applicable to affected facilities under paragraphs (c)(1), (2), (3), or (4).
(1) Affected facilities that have a heat input capacity of 22 MW (75 MMBtu/h) or less;
(2) Affected facilities that have an annual capacity for coal of 55 percent (0.55) or less and are subject to a federally enforceable requirement limiting operation of the affected facility to an annual capacity factor for coal of 55 percent (0.55) or less.
(3) Affected facilities located in a noncontinental area; or
(4) Affected facilities that combust coal in a duct burner as part of a combined cycle system where 30 percent (0.30) or less of the heat entering the steam generating unit is from combustion of coal in the duct burner and 70 percent (0.70) or more of the heat entering the steam generating unit is from exhaust gases entering the duct burner.
(d) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected facility that combusts oil shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of 215 ng/J (0.50 lb/MMBtu) heat input from oil; or, as an alternative, no owner or operator of an affected facility that combusts oil shall combust oil in the affected facility that contains greater than 0.5 weight percent sulfur. The percent reduction requirements are not applicable to affected facilities under this paragraph.
(e) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected facility that combusts coal, oil, or coal and oil with any other fuel shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain SO 2 in excess of the following:
(1) The percent of potential SO 2 emission rate or numerical SO 2 emission rate required under paragraph (a) or (b)(2) of this section, as applicable, for any affected facility that
(i) Combusts coal in combination with any other fuel;
(ii) Has a heat input capacity greater than 22 MW (75 MMBtu/h); and
(iii) Has an annual capacity factor for coal greater than 55 percent (0.55); and
(2) The emission limit determined according to the following formula for any affected facility that combusts coal, oil, or coal and oil with any other fuel:
(f) Reduction in the potential SO 2 emission rate through fuel pretreatment is not credited toward the percent reduction requirement under paragraph (b)(2) of this section unless:
(1) Fuel pretreatment results in a 50 percent (0.50) or greater reduction in the potential SO 2 emission rate; and
(2) Emissions from the pretreated fuel (without either combustion or post-combustion SO 2 control) are equal to or less than the emission limits specified under paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
(g) Except as provided in paragraph (h) of this section, compliance with the percent reduction requirements, fuel oil sulfur limits, and emission limits of this section shall be determined on a 30-day rolling average basis.
(h) For affected facilities listed under paragraphs (h)(1), (2), (3), or (4) of this section, compliance with the emission limits or fuel oil sulfur limits under this section may be determined based on a certification from the fuel supplier, as described under § 60.48c(f), as applicable.
(1) Distillate oil-fired affected facilities with heat input capacities between 2.9 and 29 MW (10 and 100 MMBtu/hr).
(2) Residual oil-fired affected facilities with heat input capacities between 2.9 and 8.7 MW (10 and 30 MMBtu/hr).
(3) Coal-fired affected facilities with heat input capacities between 2.9 and 8.7 MW (10 and 30 MMBtu/h).
(4) Other fuels-fired affected facilities with heat input capacities between 2.9 and 8.7 MW (10 and 30 MMBtu/h).
(i) The SO 2 emission limits, fuel oil sulfur limits, and percent reduction requirements under this section apply at all times, including periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
(j) For affected facilities located in noncontinental areas and affected facilities complying with the percent reduction standard, only the heat input supplied to the affected facility from the combustion of coal and oil is counted under this section. No credit is provided for the heat input to the affected facility from wood or other fuels or for heat derived from exhaust gases from other sources, such as stationary gas turbines, internal combustion engines, and kilns.
§ 60.43c   Standard for particulate matter (PM).
(a) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected facility that commenced construction, reconstruction, or modification on or before February 28, 2005, that combusts coal or combusts mixtures of coal with other fuels and has a heat input capacity of 8.7 MW (30 MMBtu/h) or greater, shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain PM in excess of the following emission limits:
(1) 22 ng/J (0.051 lb/MMBtu) heat input if the affected facility combusts only coal, or combusts coal with other fuels and has an annual capacity factor for the other fuels of 10 percent (0.10) or less.
(2) 43 ng/J (0.10 lb/MMBtu) heat input if the affected facility combusts coal with other fuels, has an annual capacity factor for the other fuels greater than 10 percent (0.10), and is subject to a federally enforceable requirement limiting operation of the affected facility to an annual capacity factor greater than 10 percent (0.10) for fuels other than coal.
(b) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected facility that commenced construction, reconstruction, or modification on or before February 28, 2005, that combusts wood or combusts mixtures of wood with other fuels (except coal) and has a heat input capacity of 8.7 MW (30 MMBtu/h) or greater, shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain PM in excess of the following emissions limits:
(1) 43 ng/J (0.10 lb/MMBtu) heat input if the affected facility has an annual capacity factor for wood greater than 30 percent (0.30); or
(2) 130 ng/J (0.30 lb/MMBtu) heat input if the affected facility has an annual capacity factor for wood of 30 percent (0.30) or less and is subject to a federally enforceable requirement limiting operation of the affected facility to an annual capacity factor for wood of 30 percent (0.30) or less.
(c) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected facility that combusts coal, wood, or oil and has a heat input capacity of 8.7 MW (30 MMBtu/h) or greater shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that exhibit greater than 20 percent opacity (6-minute average), except for one 6-minute period per hour of not more than 27 percent opacity. Owners and operators of an affected facility that elect to install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) for measuring PM emissions according to the requirements of this subpart and are subject to a federally enforceable PM limit of 0.030 lb/MMBtu or less are exempt from the opacity standard specified in this paragraph (c).
(d) The PM and opacity standards under this section apply at all times, except during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
(e)(1) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected facility that commences construction, reconstruction, or modification after February 28, 2005, and that combusts coal, oil, wood, a mixture of these fuels, or a mixture of these fuels with any other fuels and has a heat input capacity of 8.7 MW (30 MMBtu/h) or greater shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain PM in excess of 13 ng/J (0.030 lb/MMBtu) heat input, except as provided in paragraphs (e)(2), (e)(3), and (e)(4) of this section.
(2) As an alternative to meeting the requirements of paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the owner or operator of an affected facility for which modification commenced after February 28, 2005, may elect to meet the requirements of this paragraph. On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected facility that commences modification after February 28, 2005 shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain PM in excess of both:
(i) 22 ng/J (0.051 lb/MMBtu) heat input derived from the combustion of coal, oil, wood, a mixture of these fuels, or a mixture of these fuels with any other fuels; and
(ii) 0.2 percent of the combustion concentration (99.8 percent reduction) when combusting coal, oil, wood, a mixture of these fuels, or a mixture of these fuels with any other fuels.
(3) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator of an affected facility that commences modification after February 28, 2005, and that combusts over 30 percent wood (by heat input) on an annual basis and has a heat input capacity of 8.7 MW (30 MMBtu/h) or greater shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain PM in excess of 43 ng/J (0.10 lb/MMBtu) heat input.
(4) An owner or operator of an affected facility that commences construction, reconstruction, or modification after February 28, 2005, and that combusts only oil that contains no more than 0.50 weight percent sulfur or a mixture of 0.50 weight percent sulfur oil with other fuels not subject to a PM standard under § 60.43c and not using a post-combustion technology (except a wet scrubber) to reduce PM or SO 2 emissions is not subject to the PM limit in this section.
§ 60.44c   Compliance and performance test methods and procedures for sulfur dioxide.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section and § 60.8(b), performance tests required under § 60.8 shall be conducted following the procedures specified in paragraphs (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) of this section, as applicable. Section 60.8(f) does not apply to this section. The 30-day notice required in § 60.8(d) applies only to the initial performance test unless otherwise specified by the Administrator.
(b) The initial performance test required under § 60.8 shall be conducted over 30 consecutive operating days of the steam generating unit. Compliance with the percent reduction requirements and SO 2 emission limits under § 60.42c shall be determined using a 30-day average. The first operating day included in the initial performance test shall be scheduled within 30 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which the affect facility will be operated, but not later than 180 days after the initial startup of the facility. The steam generating unit load during the 30-day period does not have to be the maximum design heat input capacity, but must be representative of future operating conditions.
(c) After the initial performance test required under paragraph (b) of this section and § 60.8, compliance with the percent reduction requirements and SO 2 emission limits under § 60.42c is based on the average percent reduction and the average SO 2 emission rates for 30 consecutive steam generating unit operating days. A separate performance test is completed at the end of each steam generating unit operating day, and a new 30-day average percent reduction and SO 2 emission rate are calculated to show compliance with the standard.
(d) If only coal, only oil, or a mixture of coal and oil is combusted in an affected facility, the procedures in Method 19 of appendix A of this part are used to determine the hourly SO 2 emission rate (E ho ) and the 30-day average SO 2 emission rate (E ao ). The hourly averages used to compute the 30-day averages are obtained from the CEMS. Method 19 of appendix A of this part shall be used to calculate E ao when using daily fuel sampling or Method 6B of appendix A of this part.
(e) If coal, oil, or coal and oil are combusted with other fuels:
(1) An adjusted E ho (E ho o) is used in Equation 19-19 of Method 19 of appendix A of this part to compute the adjusted E ao (E ao o). The E ho o is computed using the following formula:
(2) The owner or operator of an affected facility that qualifies under the provisions of § 60.42c(c) or (d) (where percent reduction is not required) does not have to measure the parameters E w or X k if the owner or operator of the affected facility elects to measure emission rates of the coal or oil using the fuel sampling and analysis procedures under Method 19 of appendix A of this part.
(f) Affected facilities subject to the percent reduction requirements under § 60.42c(a) or (b) shall determine compliance with the SO 2 emission limits under § 60.42c pursuant to paragraphs (d) or (e) of this section, and shall determine compliance with the percent reduction requirements using the following procedures:
(1) If only coal is combusted, the percent of potential SO 2 emission rate is computed using the following formula:
(2) If coal, oil, or coal and oil are combusted with other fuels, the same procedures required in paragraph (f)(1) of this section are used, except as provided for in the following:
(i) To compute the %P s , an adjusted %R g (%R g o) is computed from E ao o from paragraph (e)(1) of this section and an adjusted average SO 2 inlet rate (E ai o) using the following formula:
(ii) To compute E ai o, an adjusted hourly SO 2 inlet rate (E hi o) is used. The E hi o is computed using the following formula:
(g) For oil-fired affected facilities where the owner or operator seeks to demonstrate compliance with the fuel oil sulfur limits under § 60.42c based on shipment fuel sampling, the initial performance test shall consist of sampling and analyzing the oil in the initial tank of oil to be fired in the steam generating unit to demonstrate that the oil contains 0.5 weight percent sulfur or less. Thereafter, the owner or operator of the affected facility shall sample the oil in the fuel tank after each new shipment of oil is received, as described under § 60.46c(d)(2).
(h) For affected facilities subject to § 60.42c(h)(1), (2), or (3) where the owner or operator seeks to demonstrate compliance with the SO 2 standards based on fuel supplier certification, the performance test shall consist of the certification from the fuel supplier, as described in § 60.48c(f), as applicable.
(i) The owner or operator of an affected facility seeking to demonstrate compliance with the SO 2 standards under § 60.42c(c)(2) shall demonstrate the maximum design heat input capacity of the steam generating unit by operating the steam generating unit at this capacity for 24 hours. This demonstration shall be made during the initial performance test, and a subsequent demonstration may be requested at any other time. If the demonstrated 24-hour average firing rate for the affected facility is less than the maximum design heat input capacity stated by the manufacturer of the affected facility, the demonstrated 24-hour average firing rate shall be used to determine the annual capacity factor for the affected facility; otherwise, the maximum design heat input capacity provided by the manufacturer shall be used.
(j) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall use all valid SO 2 emissions data in calculating %P s and E ho under paragraphs (d), (e), or (f) of this section, as applicable, whether or not the minimum emissions data requirements under § 60.46c(f) are achieved. All valid emissions data, including valid data collected during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, shall be used in calculating %P s or E ho pursuant to paragraphs (d), (e), or (f) of this section, as applicable.
§ 60.45c   Compliance and performance test methods and procedures for particulate matter.
(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the PM and/or opacity standards under § 60.43c shall conduct an initial performance test as required under § 60.8, and shall conduct subsequent performance tests as requested by the Administrator, to determine compliance with the standards using the following procedures and reference methods, except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(1) Method 1 of appendix A of this part shall be used to select the sampling site and the number of traverse sampling points.
(2) Method 3A or 3B of appendix A-2 of this part shall be used for gas analysis when applying Method 5 or 5B of appendix A-3 of this part or 17 of appendix A-6 of this part.
(3) Method 5, 5B, or 17 of appendix A of this part shall be used to measure the concentration of PM as follows:
(i) Method 5 of appendix A of this part may be used only at affected facilities without wet scrubber systems.
(ii) Method 17 of appendix A of this part may be used at affected facilities with or without wet scrubber systems provided the stack gas temperature does not exceed a temperature of 160 °C (320 °F). The procedures of Sections 8.1 and 11.1 of Method 5B of appendix A of this part may be used in Method 17 of appendix A of this part only if Method 17 of appendix A of this part is used in conjunction with a wet scrubber system. Method 17 of appendix A of this part shall not be used in conjunction with a wet scrubber system if the effluent is saturated or laden with water droplets.
(iii) Method 5B of appendix A of this part may be used in conjunction with a wet scrubber system.
(4) The sampling time for each run shall be at least 120 minutes and the minimum sampling volume shall be 1.7 dry standard cubic meters (dscm) [60 dry standard cubic feet (dscf)] except that smaller sampling times or volumes may be approved by the Administrator when necessitated by process variables or other factors.
(5) For Method 5 or 5B of appendix A of this part, the temperature of the sample gas in the probe and filter holder shall be monitored and maintained at 160 ±14 °C (320±25 °F).
(6) For determination of PM emissions, an oxygen (O 2 ) or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) measurement shall be obtained simultaneously with each run of Method 5, 5B, or 17 of appendix A of this part by traversing the duct at the same sampling location.
(7) For each run using Method 5, 5B, or 17 of appendix A of this part, the emission rates expressed in ng/J (lb/MMBtu) heat input shall be determined using:
(i) The O 2 or CO 2 measurements and PM measurements obtained under this section, (ii) The dry basis F factor, and
(iii) The dry basis emission rate calculation procedure contained in Method 19 of appendix A of this part.
(8) Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part shall be used for determining the opacity of stack emissions.
(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility seeking to demonstrate compliance with the PM standards under § 60.43c(b)(2) shall demonstrate the maximum design heat input capacity of the steam generating unit by operating the steam generating unit at this capacity for 24 hours. This demonstration shall be made during the initial performance test, and a subsequent demonstration may be requested at any other time. If the demonstrated 24-hour average firing rate for the affected facility is less than the maximum design heat input capacity stated by the manufacturer of the affected facility, the demonstrated 24-hour average firing rate shall be used to determine the annual capacity factor for the affected facility; otherwise, the maximum design heat input capacity provided by the manufacturer shall be used.
(c) In place of PM testing with Method 5 or 5B of appendix A-3 of this part or Method 17 of appendix A-6 of this part, an owner or operator may elect to install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for monitoring PM emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. The owner or operator of an affected facility who elects to continuously monitor PM emissions instead of conducting performance testing using Method 5 or 5B of appendix A-3 of this part or Method 17 of appendix A-6 of this part shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS and shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(14) of this section.
(1) Notify the Administrator 1 month before starting use of the system.
(2) Notify the Administrator 1 month before stopping use of the system.
(3) The monitor shall be installed, evaluated, and operated in accordance with § 60.13 of subpart A of this part.
(4) The initial performance evaluation shall be completed no later than 180 days after the date of initial startup of the affected facility, as specified under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part or within 180 days of notification to the Administrator of use of CEMS if the owner or operator was previously determining compliance by Method 5, 5B, or 17 of appendix A of this part performance tests, whichever is later.
(5) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct an initial performance test for PM emissions as required under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part. Compliance with the PM emission limit shall be determined by using the CEMS specified in paragraph (d) of this section to measure PM and calculating a 24-hour block arithmetic average emission concentration using EPA Reference Method 19 of appendix A of this part, section 4.1.
(6) Compliance with the PM emission limit shall be determined based on the 24-hour daily (block) average of the hourly arithmetic average emission concentrations using CEMS outlet data.
(7) At a minimum, valid CEMS hourly averages shall be obtained as specified in paragraph (c)(7)(i) of this section for 75 percent of the total operating hours per 30-day rolling average.
(i) At least two data points per hour shall be used to calculate each 1-hour arithmetic average.
(ii) [Reserved]
(8) The 1-hour arithmetic averages required under paragraph (c)(7) of this section shall be expressed in ng/J or lb/MMBtu heat input and shall be used to calculate the boiler operating day daily arithmetic average emission concentrations. The 1-hour arithmetic averages shall be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(e)(2) of subpart A of this part.
(9) All valid CEMS data shall be used in calculating average emission concentrations even if the minimum CEMS data requirements of paragraph (c)(7) of this section are not met.
(10) The CEMS shall be operated according to Performance Specification 11 in appendix B of this part.
(11) During the correlation testing runs of the CEMS required by Performance Specification 11 in appendix B of this part, PM and O 2 (or CO 2 ) data shall be collected concurrently (or within a 30- to 60-minute period) by both the continuous emission monitors and performance tests conducted using the following test methods.
(i) For PM, Method 5 or 5B of appendix A-3 of this part or Method 17 of appendix A-6 of this part shall be used; and
(ii) For O2 (or CO 2 ), Method 3A or 3B of appendix A-2 of this part, as applicable shall be used.
(12) Quarterly accuracy determinations and daily calibration drift tests shall be performed in accordance with procedure 2 in appendix F of this part. Relative Response Audit's must be performed annually and Response Correlation Audits must be performed every 3 years.
(13) When PM emissions data are not obtained because of CEMS breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments, emissions data shall be obtained by using other monitoring systems as approved by the Administrator or EPA Reference Method 19 of appendix A of this part to provide, as necessary, valid emissions data for a minimum of 75 percent of total operating hours on a 30-day rolling average.
(14) As of January 1, 2012, and within 90 days after the date of completing each performance test, as defined in § 60.8, conducted to demonstrate compliance with this subpart, you must submit relative accuracy test audit ( i.e., reference method) data and performance test ( i.e., compliance test) data, except opacity data, electronically to EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) by using the Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) (see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/ert tool.html/ ) or other compatible electronic spreadsheet. Only data collected using test methods compatible with ERT are subject to this requirement to be submitted electronically into EPA's WebFIRE database.
(d) The owner or operator of an affected facility seeking to demonstrate compliance under § 60.43c(e)(4) shall follow the applicable procedures under § 60.48c(f). For residual oil-fired affected facilities, fuel supplier certifications are only allowed for facilities with heat input capacities between 2.9 and 8.7 MW (10 to 30 MMBtu/h).
§ 60.46c   Emission monitoring for sulfur dioxide.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, the owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the SO 2 emission limits under § 60.42c shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for measuring SO 2 concentrations and either O 2 or CO 2 concentrations at the outlet of the SO 2 control device (or the outlet of the steam generating unit if no SO 2 control device is used), and shall record the output of the system. The owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the percent reduction requirements under § 60.42c shall measure SO 2 concentrations and either O 2 or CO 2 concentrations at both the inlet and outlet of the SO 2 control device.
(b) The 1-hour average SO 2 emission rates measured by a CEMS shall be expressed in ng/J or lb/MMBtu heat input and shall be used to calculate the average emission rates under § 60.42c. Each 1-hour average SO 2 emission rate must be based on at least 30 minutes of operation, and shall be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(h)(2). Hourly SO 2 emission rates are not calculated if the affected facility is operated less than 30 minutes in a 1-hour period and are not counted toward determination of a steam generating unit operating day.
(c) The procedures under § 60.13 shall be followed for installation, evaluation, and operation of the CEMS.
(1) All CEMS shall be operated in accordance with the applicable procedures under Performance Specifications 1, 2, and 3 of appendix B of this part.
(2) Quarterly accuracy determinations and daily calibration drift tests shall be performed in accordance with Procedure 1 of appendix F of this part.
(3) For affected facilities subject to the percent reduction requirements under § 60.42c, the span value of the SO 2 CEMS at the inlet to the SO 2 control device shall be 125 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential SO 2 emission rate of the fuel combusted, and the span value of the SO 2 CEMS at the outlet from the SO 2 control device shall be 50 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential SO 2 emission rate of the fuel combusted.
(4) For affected facilities that are not subject to the percent reduction requirements of § 60.42c, the span value of the SO 2 CEMS at the outlet from the SO 2 control device (or outlet of the steam generating unit if no SO 2 control device is used) shall be 125 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential SO 2 emission rate of the fuel combusted.
(d) As an alternative to operating a CEMS at the inlet to the SO 2 control device (or outlet of the steam generating unit if no SO 2 control device is used) as required under paragraph (a) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to determine the average SO 2 emission rate by sampling the fuel prior to combustion. As an alternative to operating a CEMS at the outlet from the SO 2 control device (or outlet of the steam generating unit if no SO 2 control device is used) as required under paragraph (a) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to determine the average SO 2 emission rate by using Method 6B of appendix A of this part. Fuel sampling shall be conducted pursuant to either paragraph (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section. Method 6B of appendix A of this part shall be conducted pursuant to paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
(1) For affected facilities combusting coal or oil, coal or oil samples shall be collected daily in an as-fired condition at the inlet to the steam generating unit and analyzed for sulfur content and heat content according the Method 19 of appendix A of this part. Method 19 of appendix A of this part provides procedures for converting these measurements into the format to be used in calculating the average SO 2 input rate.
(2) As an alternative fuel sampling procedure for affected facilities combusting oil, oil samples may be collected from the fuel tank for each steam generating unit immediately after the fuel tank is filled and before any oil is combusted. The owner or operator of the affected facility shall analyze the oil sample to determine the sulfur content of the oil. If a partially empty fuel tank is refilled, a new sample and analysis of the fuel in the tank would be required upon filling. Results of the fuel analysis taken after each new shipment of oil is received shall be used as the daily value when calculating the 30-day rolling average until the next shipment is received. If the fuel analysis shows that the sulfur content in the fuel tank is greater than 0.5 weight percent sulfur, the owner or operator shall ensure that the sulfur content of subsequent oil shipments is low enough to cause the 30-day rolling average sulfur content to be 0.5 weight percent sulfur or less.
(3) Method 6B of appendix A of this part may be used in lieu of CEMS to measure SO 2 at the inlet or outlet of the SO 2 control system. An initial stratification test is required to verify the adequacy of the Method 6B of appendix A of this part sampling location. The stratification test shall consist of three paired runs of a suitable SO 2 and CO 2 measurement train operated at the candidate location and a second similar train operated according to the procedures in § 3.2 and the applicable procedures in section 7 of Performance Specification 2 of appendix B of this part. Method 6B of appendix A of this part, Method 6A of appendix A of this part, or a combination of Methods 6 and 3 of appendix A of this part or Methods 6C and 3A of appendix A of this part are suitable measurement techniques. If Method 6B of appendix A of this part is used for the second train, sampling time and timer operation may be adjusted for the stratification test as long as an adequate sample volume is collected; however, both sampling trains are to be operated similarly. For the location to be adequate for Method 6B of appendix A of this part 24-hour tests, the mean of the absolute difference between the three paired runs must be less than 10 percent (0.10).
(e) The monitoring requirements of paragraphs (a) and (d) of this section shall not apply to affected facilities subject to § 60.42c(h) (1), (2), or (3) where the owner or operator of the affected facility seeks to demonstrate compliance with the SO 2 standards based on fuel supplier certification, as described under § 60.48c(f), as applicable.
(f) The owner or operator of an affected facility operating a CEMS pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section, or conducting as-fired fuel sampling pursuant to paragraph (d)(1) of this section, shall obtain emission data for at least 75 percent of the operating hours in at least 22 out of 30 successive steam generating unit operating days. If this minimum data requirement is not met with a single monitoring system, the owner or operator of the affected facility shall supplement the emission data with data collected with other monitoring systems as approved by the Administrator.
§ 60.47c   Emission monitoring for particulate matter.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (c), (d), (e), and (f) of this section, the owner or operator of an affected facility combusting coal, oil, or wood that is subject to the opacity standards under § 60.43c shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous opacity monitoring system (COMS) for measuring the opacity of the emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. The owner or operator of an affected facility subject to an opacity standard in § 60.43c(c) that is not required to use a COMS due to paragraphs (c), (d), (e), or (f) of this section that elects not to use a COMS shall conduct a performance test using Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part and the procedures in § 60.11 to demonstrate compliance with the applicable limit in § 60.43c by April 29, 2011, within 45 days of stopping use of an existing COMS, or within 180 days after initial startup of the facility, whichever is later, and shall comply with either paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(3) of this section. The observation period for Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance tests may be reduced from 3 hours to 60 minutes if all 6-minute averages are less than 10 percent and all individual 15-second observations are less than or equal to 20 percent during the initial 60 minutes of observation.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this section, the owner or operator shall conduct subsequent Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance tests using the procedures in paragraph (a) of this section according to the applicable schedule in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section, as determined by the most recent Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance test results.
(i) If no visible emissions are observed, a subsequent Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance test must be completed within 12 calendar months from the date that the most recent performance test was conducted or within 45 days of the next day that fuel with an opacity standard is combusted, whichever is later;
(ii) If visible emissions are observed but the maximum 6-minute average opacity is less than or equal to 5 percent, a subsequent Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance test must be completed within 6 calendar months from the date that the most recent performance test was conducted or within 45 days of the next day that fuel with an opacity standard is combusted, whichever is later;
(iii) If the maximum 6-minute average opacity is greater than 5 percent but less than or equal to 10 percent, a subsequent Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance test must be completed within 3 calendar months from the date that the most recent performance test was conducted or within 45 days of the next day that fuel with an opacity standard is combusted, whichever is later; or
(iv) If the maximum 6-minute average opacity is greater than 10 percent, a subsequent Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance test must be completed within 45 calendar days from the date that the most recent performance test was conducted.
(2) If the maximum 6-minute opacity is less than 10 percent during the most recent Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance test, the owner or operator may, as an alternative to performing subsequent Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance tests, elect to perform subsequent monitoring using Method 22 of appendix A-7 of this part according to the procedures specified in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator shall conduct 10 minute observations (during normal operation) each operating day the affected facility fires fuel for which an opacity standard is applicable using Method 22 of appendix A-7 of this part and demonstrate that the sum of the occurrences of any visible emissions is not in excess of 5 percent of the observation period ( i.e. , 30 seconds per 10 minute period). If the sum of the occurrence of any visible emissions is greater than 30 seconds during the initial 10 minute observation, immediately conduct a 30 minute observation. If the sum of the occurrence of visible emissions is greater than 5 percent of the observation period ( i.e., 90 seconds per 30 minute period), the owner or operator shall either document and adjust the operation of the facility and demonstrate within 24 hours that the sum of the occurrence of visible emissions is equal to or less than 5 percent during a 30 minute observation ( i.e., 90 seconds) or conduct a new Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance test using the procedures in paragraph (a) of this section within 45 calendar days according to the requirements in § 60.45c(a)(8).
(ii) If no visible emissions are observed for 10 operating days during which an opacity standard is applicable, observations can be reduced to once every 7 operating days during which an opacity standard is applicable. If any visible emissions are observed, daily observations shall be resumed.
(3) If the maximum 6-minute opacity is less than 10 percent during the most recent Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part performance test, the owner or operator may, as an alternative to performing subsequent Method 9 of appendix A-4 performance tests, elect to perform subsequent monitoring using a digital opacity compliance system according to a site-specific monitoring plan approved by the Administrator. The observations shall be similar, but not necessarily identical, to the requirements in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. For reference purposes in preparing the monitoring plan, see OAQPS “Determination of Visible Emission Opacity from Stationary Sources Using Computer-Based Photographic Analysis Systems.” This document is available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA); Office of Air Quality and Planning Standards; Sector Policies and Programs Division; Measurement Policy Group (D243-02), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. This document is also available on the Technology Transfer Network (TTN) under Emission Measurement Center Preliminary Methods.
(b) All COMS shall be operated in accordance with the applicable procedures under Performance Specification 1 of appendix B of this part. The span value of the opacity COMS shall be between 60 and 80 percent.
(c) Owners and operators of an affected facilities that burn only distillate oil that contains no more than 0.5 weight percent sulfur and/or liquid or gaseous fuels with potential sulfur dioxide emission rates of 26 ng/J (0.060 lb/MMBtu) heat input or less and that do not use a post-combustion technology to reduce SO2 or PM emissions and that are subject to an opacity standard in § 60.43c(c) are not required to operate a COMS if they follow the applicable procedures in § 60.48c(f).
(d) Owners or operators complying with the PM emission limit by using a PM CEMS must calibrate, maintain, operate, and record the output of the system for PM emissions discharged to the atmosphere as specified in § 60.45c(c). The CEMS specified in paragraph § 60.45c(c) shall be operated and data recorded during all periods of operation of the affected facility except for CEMS breakdowns and repairs. Data is recorded during calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments.
(e) Owners and operators of an affected facility that is subject to an opacity standard in § 60.43c(c) and that does not use post-combustion technology (except a wet scrubber) for reducing PM, SO 2 , or carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, burns only gaseous fuels or fuel oils that contain less than or equal to 0.5 weight percent sulfur, and is operated such that emissions of CO discharged to the atmosphere from the affected facility are maintained at levels less than or equal to 0.15 lb/MMBtu on a boiler operating day average basis is not required to operate a COMS. Owners and operators of affected facilities electing to comply with this paragraph must demonstrate compliance according to the procedures specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section; or
(1) You must monitor CO emissions using a CEMS according to the procedures specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) The CO CEMS must be installed, certified, maintained, and operated according to the provisions in § 60.58b(i)(3) of subpart Eb of this part.
(ii) Each 1-hour CO emissions average is calculated using the data points generated by the CO CEMS expressed in parts per million by volume corrected to 3 percent oxygen (dry basis).
(iii) At a minimum, valid 1-hour CO emissions averages must be obtained for at least 90 percent of the operating hours on a 30-day rolling average basis. The 1-hour averages are calculated using the data points required in § 60.13(h)(2).
(iv) Quarterly accuracy determinations and daily calibration drift tests for the CO CEMS must be performed in accordance with procedure 1 in appendix F of this part.
(2) You must calculate the 1-hour average CO emissions levels for each steam generating unit operating day by multiplying the average hourly CO output concentration measured by the CO CEMS times the corresponding average hourly flue gas flow rate and divided by the corresponding average hourly heat input to the affected source. The 24-hour average CO emission level is determined by calculating the arithmetic average of the hourly CO emission levels computed for each steam generating unit operating day.
(3) You must evaluate the preceding 24-hour average CO emission level each steam generating unit operating day excluding periods of affected source startup, shutdown, or malfunction. If the 24-hour average CO emission level is greater than 0.15 lb/MMBtu, you must initiate investigation of the relevant equipment and control systems within 24 hours of the first discovery of the high emission incident and, take the appropriate corrective action as soon as practicable to adjust control settings or repair equipment to reduce the 24-hour average CO emission level to 0.15 lb/MMBtu or less.
(4) You must record the CO measurements and calculations performed according to paragraph (e) of this section and any corrective actions taken. The record of corrective action taken must include the date and time during which the 24-hour average CO emission level was greater than 0.15 lb/MMBtu, and the date, time, and description of the corrective action.
(f) An owner or operator of an affected facility that is subject to an opacity standard in § 60.43c(c) is not required to operate a COMS provided that the affected facility meets the conditions in either paragraphs (f)(1), (2), or (3) of this section.
(1) The affected facility uses a fabric filter (baghouse) as the primary PM control device and, the owner or operator operates a bag leak detection system to monitor the performance of the fabric filter according to the requirements in section § 60.48Da of this part.
(2) The affected facility uses an ESP as the primary PM control device, and the owner or operator uses an ESP predictive model to monitor the performance of the ESP developed in accordance and operated according to the requirements in section § 60.48Da of this part.
(3) The affected facility burns only gaseous fuels and/or fuel oils that contain no greater than 0.5 weight percent sulfur, and the owner or operator operates the unit according to a written site-specific monitoring plan approved by the permitting authority. This monitoring plan must include procedures and criteria for establishing and monitoring specific parameters for the affected facility indicative of compliance with the opacity standard. For testing performed as part of this site-specific monitoring plan, the permitting authority may require as an alternative to the notification and reporting requirements specified in §§ 60.8 and 60.11 that the owner or operator submit any deviations with the excess emissions report required under § 60.48c(c).
§ 60.48c   Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) The owner or operator of each affected facility shall submit notification of the date of construction or reconstruction and actual startup, as provided by § 60.7 of this part. This notification shall include:
(1) The design heat input capacity of the affected facility and identification of fuels to be combusted in the affected facility.
(2) If applicable, a copy of any federally enforceable requirement that limits the annual capacity factor for any fuel or mixture of fuels under § 60.42c, or § 60.43c.
(3) The annual capacity factor at which the owner or operator anticipates operating the affected facility based on all fuels fired and based on each individual fuel fired.
(4) Notification if an emerging technology will be used for controlling SO 2 emissions. The Administrator will examine the description of the control device and will determine whether the technology qualifies as an emerging technology. In making this determination, the Administrator may require the owner or operator of the affected facility to submit additional information concerning the control device. The affected facility is subject to the provisions of § 60.42c(a) or (b)(1), unless and until this determination is made by the Administrator.
(b) The owner or operator of each affected facility subject to the SO 2 emission limits of § 60.42c, or the PM or opacity limits of § 60.43c, shall submit to the Administrator the performance test data from the initial and any subsequent performance tests and, if applicable, the performance evaluation of the CEMS and/or COMS using the applicable performance specifications in appendix B of this part.
(c) In addition to the applicable requirements in § 60.7, the owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the opacity limits in § 60.43c(c) shall submit excess emission reports for any excess emissions from the affected facility that occur during the reporting period and maintain records according to the requirements specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section, as applicable to the visible emissions monitoring method used.
(1) For each performance test conducted using Method 9 of appendix A-4 of this part, the owner or operator shall keep the records including the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) Dates and time intervals of all opacity observation periods;
(ii) Name, affiliation, and copy of current visible emission reading certification for each visible emission observer participating in the performance test; and
(iii) Copies of all visible emission observer opacity field data sheets;
(2) For each performance test conducted using Method 22 of appendix A-4 of this part, the owner or operator shall keep the records including the information specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) Dates and time intervals of all visible emissions observation periods;
(ii) Name and affiliation for each visible emission observer participating in the performance test;
(iii) Copies of all visible emission observer opacity field data sheets; and
(iv) Documentation of any adjustments made and the time the adjustments were completed to the affected facility operation by the owner or operator to demonstrate compliance with the applicable monitoring requirements.
(3) For each digital opacity compliance system, the owner or operator shall maintain records and submit reports according to the requirements specified in the site-specific monitoring plan approved by the Administrator
(d) The owner or operator of each affected facility subject to the SO 2 emission limits, fuel oil sulfur limits, or percent reduction requirements under § 60.42c shall submit reports to the Administrator.
(e) The owner or operator of each affected facility subject to the SO 2 emission limits, fuel oil sulfur limits, or percent reduction requirements under § 60.42c shall keep records and submit reports as required under paragraph (d) of this section, including the following information, as applicable.
(1) Calendar dates covered in the reporting period.
(2) Each 30-day average SO 2 emission rate (ng/J or lb/MMBtu), or 30-day average sulfur content (weight percent), calculated during the reporting period, ending with the last 30-day period; reasons for any noncompliance with the emission standards; and a description of corrective actions taken.
(3) Each 30-day average percent of potential SO 2 emission rate calculated during the reporting period, ending with the last 30-day period; reasons for any noncompliance with the emission standards; and a description of the corrective actions taken.
(4) Identification of any steam generating unit operating days for which SO 2 or diluent (O 2 or CO 2 ) data have not been obtained by an approved method for at least 75 percent of the operating hours; justification for not obtaining sufficient data; and a description of corrective actions taken.
(5) Identification of any times when emissions data have been excluded from the calculation of average emission rates; justification for excluding data; and a description of corrective actions taken if data have been excluded for periods other than those during which coal or oil were not combusted in the steam generating unit.
(6) Identification of the F factor used in calculations, method of determination, and type of fuel combusted.
(7) Identification of whether averages have been obtained based on CEMS rather than manual sampling methods.
(8) If a CEMS is used, identification of any times when the pollutant concentration exceeded the full span of the CEMS.
(9) If a CEMS is used, description of any modifications to the CEMS that could affect the ability of the CEMS to comply with Performance Specifications 2 or 3 of appendix B of this part.
(10) If a CEMS is used, results of daily CEMS drift tests and quarterly accuracy assessments as required under appendix F, Procedure 1 of this part.
(11) If fuel supplier certification is used to demonstrate compliance, records of fuel supplier certification as described under paragraph (f)(1), (2), (3), or (4) of this section, as applicable. In addition to records of fuel supplier certifications, the report shall include a certified statement signed by the owner or operator of the affected facility that the records of fuel supplier certifications submitted represent all of the fuel combusted during the reporting period.
(f) Fuel supplier certification shall include the following information:
(1) For distillate oil:
(i) The name of the oil supplier;
(ii) A statement from the oil supplier that the oil complies with the specifications under the definition of distillate oil in § 60.41c; and
(iii) The sulfur content or maximum sulfur content of the oil.
(2) For residual oil:
(i) The name of the oil supplier;
(ii) The location of the oil when the sample was drawn for analysis to determine the sulfur content of the oil, specifically including whether the oil was sampled as delivered to the affected facility, or whether the sample was drawn from oil in storage at the oil supplier's or oil refiner's facility, or other location;
(iii) The sulfur content of the oil from which the shipment came (or of the shipment itself); and
(iv) The method used to determine the sulfur content of the oil.
(3) For coal:
(i) The name of the coal supplier;
(ii) The location of the coal when the sample was collected for analysis to determine the properties of the coal, specifically including whether the coal was sampled as delivered to the affected facility or whether the sample was collected from coal in storage at the mine, at a coal preparation plant, at a coal supplier's facility, or at another location. The certification shall include the name of the coal mine (and coal seam), coal storage facility, or coal preparation plant (where the sample was collected);
(iii) The results of the analysis of the coal from which the shipment came (or of the shipment itself) including the sulfur content, moisture content, ash content, and heat content; and
(iv) The methods used to determine the properties of the coal.
(4) For other fuels:
(i) The name of the supplier of the fuel;
(ii) The potential sulfur emissions rate or maximum potential sulfur emissions rate of the fuel in ng/J heat input; and
(iii) The method used to determine the potential sulfur emissions rate of the fuel.
(g)(1) Except as provided under paragraphs (g)(2) and (g)(3) of this section, the owner or operator of each affected facility shall record and maintain records of the amount of each fuel combusted during each operating day.
(2) As an alternative to meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(1) of this section, the owner or operator of an affected facility that combusts only natural gas, wood, fuels using fuel certification in § 60.48c(f) to demonstrate compliance with the SO 2 standard, fuels not subject to an emissions standard (excluding opacity), or a mixture of these fuels may elect to record and maintain records of the amount of each fuel combusted during each calendar month.
(3) As an alternative to meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(1) of this section, the owner or operator of an affected facility or multiple affected facilities located on a contiguous property unit where the only fuels combusted in any steam generating unit (including steam generating units not subject to this subpart) at that property are natural gas, wood, distillate oil meeting the most current requirements in § 60.42C to use fuel certification to demonstrate compliance with the SO 2 standard, and/or fuels, excluding coal and residual oil, not subject to an emissions standard (excluding opacity) may elect to record and maintain records of the total amount of each steam generating unit fuel delivered to that property during each calendar month.
(h) The owner or operator of each affected facility subject to a federally enforceable requirement limiting the annual capacity factor for any fuel or mixture of fuels under § 60.42c or § 60.43c shall calculate the annual capacity factor individually for each fuel combusted. The annual capacity factor is determined on a 12-month rolling average basis with a new annual capacity factor calculated at the end of the calendar month.
(i) All records required under this section shall be maintained by the owner or operator of the affected facility for a period of two years following the date of such record.
(j) The reporting period for the reports required under this subpart is each six-month period. All reports shall be submitted to the Administrator and shall be postmarked by the 30th day following the end of the reporting period.
§ 60.50   Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to each incinerator of more than 45 metric tons per day charging rate (50 tons/day), which is the affected facility.
(b) Any facility under paragraph (a) of this section that commences construction or modification after August 17, 1971, is subject to the requirements of this subpart.
(c) Any facility covered by subpart Cb, Eb, AAAA, or BBBB of this part is not covered by this subpart.
(d) Any facility covered by an EPA approved State section 111(d)/129 plan implementing subpart Cb or BBBB of this part is not covered by this subpart.
(e) Any facility covered by subpart FFF or JJJ of part 62 of this title (Federal section 111(d)/129 plan implementing subpart Cb or BBBB of this part) is not covered by this subpart.
§ 60.51   Definitions.
As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in subpart A of this part.
(a) Incinerator means any furnace used in the process of burning solid waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter.
(b) Solid waste means refuse, more than 50 percent of which is municipal type waste consisting of a mixture of paper, wood, yard wastes, food wastes, plastics, leather, rubber, and other combustibles, and noncombustible materials such as glass and rock.
(c) Day means 24 hours.
§ 60.52   Standard for particulate matter.
(a) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or required to be completed under § 60.8 of this part, whichever date comes first, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this part shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility any gases which contain particulate matter in excess of 0.18 g/dscm (0.08 gr/dscf) corrected to 12 percent CO 2 .
§ 60.53   Monitoring of operations.
(a) The owner or operator of any incinerator subject to the provisions of this part shall record the daily charging rates and hours of operation.
§ 60.54   Test methods and procedures.
(a) In conducting the performance tests required in § 60.8, the owner or operator shall use as reference methods and procedures the test methods in appendix A of this part or other methods and procedures as specified in this section, except as provided in § 60.8(b).
(b) The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the particulate matter standard in § 60.52 as follows:
(1) The concentration (c 12 ) of particulate matter, corrected to 12 percent CO 2 , shall be computed for each run using the following equation:
(2) Method 5 shall be used to determine the particulate matter concentration (c s ). The sampling time and sample volume for each run shall be at least 60 minutes and 0.85 dscm (30 dscf).
(3) The emission rate correction factor, integrated or grab sampling and analysis procedure of Method 3B shall be used to determine CO 2 concentration (%CO 2 ).
(i) The CO 2 sample shall be obtained simultaneously with, and at the same traverse points as, the particulate run. If the particulate run has more than 12 traverse points, the CO 2 traverse points may be reduced to 12 if Method 1 is used to locate the 12 CO 2 traverse points. If individual CO 2 samples are taken at each traverse point, the CO 2 concentration (%CO 2 ) used in the correction equation shall be the arithmetic mean of the sample CO 2 concentrations at all traverse points.
(ii) If sampling is conducted after a wet scrubber, an “adjusted” CO 2 concentration [(%CO 2 ) adj ], which accounts for the effects of CO 2 absorption and dilution air, may be used instead of the CO 2 concentration determined in this paragraph. The adjusted CO 2 concentration shall be determined by either of the procedures in paragraph (c) of this section.
(c) The owner or operator may use either of the following procedures to determine the adjusted CO 2 concentration.
(1) The volumetric flow rates at the inlet and outlet of the wet scrubber and the inlet CO 2 concentration may be used to determine the adjusted CO 2 concentration [(%CO 2 ) adj ] using the following equation:
(i) At the outlet, Method 5 is used to determine the volumetric flow rate (Q do ) of the effluent gas.
(ii) At the inlet, Method 2 is used to determine the volumetric flow rate (Q di ) of the effluent gas as follows: Two full velocity traverses are conducted, one immediately before and one immediately after each particulate run conducted at the outlet, and the results are averaged.
(iii) At the inlet, the emission rate correction factor, integrated sampling and analysis procedure of Method 3B is used to determine the CO 2 concentration [(%CO 2 ) di ] as follows: At least nine sampling points are selected randomly from the velocity traverse points and are divided randomly into three sets, equal in number of points; the first set of three or more points is used for the first run, the second set for the second run, and the third set for the third run. The CO 2 sample is taken simultaneously with each particulate run being conducted at the outlet, by traversing the three sampling points (or more) and sampling at each point for equal increments of time.
(2) Excess air measurements may be used to determine the adjusted CO 2 concentration [(%CO 2 ) adj ] using the following equation:
(i) A gas sample is collected as in paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section and the gas samples at both the inlet and outlet locations are analyzed for CO 2 , O 2 , and N 2 .
(ii) Equation 3B-3 of Method 3B is used to compute the percentages of excess air at the inlet and outlet of the wet scrubber.
§ 60.50a   Applicability and delegation of authority.
(a) The affected facility to which this subpart applies is each municipal waste combustor unit with a municipal waste combustor unit capacity greater than 225 megagrams per day (250 tons per day) of municipal solid waste for which construction, modification, or reconstruction is commenced as specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section.
(1) Construction is commenced after December 20, 1989 and on or before September 20, 1994.
(2) Modification or reconstruction is commenced after December 20, 1989 and on or before June 19, 1996.
(b) [Reserved]
(c) Any unit combusting a single-item waste stream of tires is not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the unit:
(1) Notifies the Administrator of an exemption claim; and
(2) Provides data documenting that the unit qualifies for this exemption.
(d) Any cofired combustor, as defined under § 60.51a, located at a plant that meets the capacity specifications in paragraph (a) of this section is not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the cofired combustor:
(1) Notifies the Administrator of an exemption claim;
(2) Provides a copy of the federally enforceable permit (specified in the definition of cofired combustor in this section); and
(3) Keeps a record on a calendar quarter basis of the weight of municipal solid waste combusted at the cofired combustor and the weight of all other fuels combusted at the cofired combustor.
(e) Any cofired combustor that is subject to a federally enforceable permit limiting the operation of the combustor to no more than 225 megagrams per day (250 tons per day) of municipal solid waste is not subject to this subpart.
(f) Physical or operational changes made to an existing municipal waste combustor unit primarily for the purpose of complying with emission guidelines under subpart Cb are not considered a modification or reconstruction and do not result in an existing municipal waste combustor unit becoming subject to this subpart.
(g) A qualifying small power production facility, as defined in section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(17)(C)), that burns homogeneous waste (such as automotive tires or used oil, but not including refuse-derived fuel) for the production of electric energy is not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the facility notifies the Administrator of an exemption claim and provides data documenting that the facility qualifies for this exemption.
(h) A qualifying cogeneration facility, as defined in section 3(18)(B) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(18)(B)), that burns homogeneous waste (such as automotive tires or used oil, but not including refuse-derived fuel) for the production of electric energy and steam or forms of useful energy (such as heat) that are used for industrial, commercial, heating, or cooling purposes, is not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the facility notifies the Administrator of an exemption claim and provides data documenting that the facility qualifies for this exemption.
(i) Any unit required to have a permit under section 3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act is not subject to this subpart.
(j) Any materials recovery facility (including primary or secondary smelters) that combusts waste for the primary purpose of recovering metals is not subject to this subpart.
(k) Pyrolysis/combustion units that are an integrated part of a plastics/rubber recycling unit (as defined in § 60.51a) are not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the plastics/rubber recycling unit keeps records of: the weight of plastics, rubber, and/or rubber tires processed on a calendar quarter basis; the weight of chemical plant feedstocks and petroleum refinery feedstocks produced and marketed on a calendar quarter basis; and the name and address of the purchaser of the feedstocks. The combustion of gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, fuel oils, residual oil, refinery gas, petroleum coke, liquified petroleum gas, propane, or butane produced by chemical plants or petroleum refineries that use feedstocks produced by plastics/rubber recycling units are not subject to this subpart.
(l) The following authorities shall be retained by the Administrator and not transferred to a State:
None.
(m) This subpart shall become effective on August 12, 1991.
§ 60.51a   Definitions.
ASME means the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Batch MWC means an MWC unit designed such that it cannot combust MSW continuously 24 hours per day because the design does not allow waste to be fed to the unit or ash to be removed while combustion is occurring.
Bubbling fluidized bed combustor means a fluidized bed combustor in which the majority of the bed material remains in a fluidized state in the primary combustion zone.
Calendar quarter means a consecutive 3-month period (nonoverlapping) beginning on January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1.
Chief facility operator means the person in direct charge and control of the operation of an MWC and who is responsible for daily on-site supervision, technical direction, management, and overall performance of the facility.
Circulating fluidized bed combustor means a fluidized bed combustor in which the majority of the fluidized bed material is carried out of the primary combustion zone and is transported back to the primary zone through a recirculation loop.
Clean wood means untreated wood or untreated wood products including clean untreated lumber, tree stumps (whole or chipped), and tree limbs (whole or chipped). Clean wood does not include yard waste, which is defined elsewhere in this section, or construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which includes but is not limited to railroad ties and telephone poles), which are exempt from the definition of municipal solid waste in this section.
Cofired combustor means a unit combusting municipal solid waste with nonmunicipal solid waste fuel (e.g., coal, industrial process waste) and subject to a federally enforceable permit limiting the unit to combusting a fuel feed stream, 30 percent or less of the weight of which is comprised, in aggregate, of municipal solid waste as measured on a calendar quarter basis.
Continuous emission monitoring system or CEMS means a monitoring system for continuously measuring the emissions of a pollutant from an affected facility.
Continuous monitoring system means the total equipment used to sample and condition (if applicable), to analyze, and to provide a permanent record of emissions or process parameters.
Dioxin/furan means total tetra- through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
Federally-enforceable means all limitations and conditions that are enforceable by the Administrator including the requirements of 40 CFR parts 60 and 61, requirements within any applicable State implementation plan, and any permit requirements established under 40 CFR 52.21 or under 40 CFR 51.18 and 40 CFR 51.24.
Four-hour block average or 4-hour block average means the average of all hourly emission rates when the affected facility is operating and combusting MSW measured over 4-hour periods of time from 12 midnight to 4 a.m., 4 a.m. to 8 a.m., 8 a.m. to 12 noon, 12 noon to 4 p.m., 4 p.m. to 8 p.m., and 8 p.m. to 12 midnight.
Large municipal waste combustor plant means a municipal waste combustor plant with a municipal waste combustor aggregate plant capacity for affected facilities that is greater than 225 megagrams per day (250 tons per day) of municipal solid waste.
Mass burn refractory municipal waste combustor means a field-erected combustor that combusts municipal solid waste in a refractory wall furnace. Unless otherwise specified, this includes combustors with a cylindrical rotary refractory wall furnace.
Mass burn rotary waterwall municipal waste combustor means a field-erected combustor that combusts municipal solid waste in a cylindrical rotary waterwall furnace.
Mass burn waterwall municipal waste combustor means a field-erected combustor that combusts municipal solid waste in a waterwall furnace.
Maximum demonstrated municipal waste combustor unit load means the highest 4-hour arithmetic average municipal waste combustor unit load achieved during four consecutive hours during the most recent dioxin/furan performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable limit for municipal waste combustor organics specified under § 60.53a.
Maximum demonstrated particulate matter control device temperature means the highest 4-hour arithmetic average flue gas temperature measured at the particulate matter control device inlet during four consecutive hours during the most recent dioxin/furan performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable limit for municipal waste combustor organics specified under § 60.53a.
Modification or modified municipal waste combustor unit means a municipal waste combustor unit to which changes have been made if the cumulative cost of the changes, over the life of the unit, exceed 50 percent of the original cost of construction and installation of the unit (not including the cost of any land purchased in connection with such construction or installation) updated to current costs; or any physical change in the municipal waste combustor unit or change in the method of operation of the municipal waste combustor unit increases the amount of any air pollutant emitted by the unit for which standards have been established under section 129 or section 111. Increases in the amount of any air pollutant emitted by the municipal waste combustor unit are determined at 100-percent physical load capability and downstream of all air pollution control devices, with no consideration given for load restrictions based on permits or other nonphysical operational restrictions.
Modular excess air MWC means a combustor that combusts MSW and that is not field-erected and has multiple combustion chambers, all of which are designed to operate at conditions with combustion air amounts in excess of theoretical air requirements.
Modular starved air MWC means a combustor that combusts MSW and that is not field-erected and has multiple combustion chambers in which the primary combustion chamber is designed to operate at substoichiometric conditions.
Municipal solid waste or municipal-type solid waste or MSW means household, commercial/retail, and/or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded by single and multiple residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing establishments or facilities. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes material discarded by schools, nonmedical waste discarded by hospitals, material discarded by nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and material discarded by other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge; wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which includes but is not limited to railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff). Household, commercial/retail, and institutional wastes include:
(1) Yard waste;
(2) Refuse-derived fuel; and
(3) Motor vehicle maintenance materials limited to vehicle batteries and tires except as specified in § 60.50a(c).
Municipal waste combustor, MWC, or municipal waste combustor unit: (1) Means any setting or equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified MSW including, but not limited to, field-erected incinerators (with or without heat recovery), modular incinerators (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (i.e., steam-generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units. Municipal waste combustors do not include pyrolysis/combustion units located at plastics/ rubber recycling units (as specified in § 60.50a(k) of this section). Municipal waste combustors do not include internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.
(2) The boundaries of an MWC are defined as follows. The MWC unit includes, but is not limited to, the MSW fuel feed system, grate system, flue gas system, bottom ash system, and the combustor water system. The MWC boundary starts at the MSW pit or hopper and extends through:
(i) The combustor flue gas system, which ends immediately following the heat recovery equipment or, if there is no heat recovery equipment, immediately following the combustion chamber;
(ii) The combustor bottom ash system, which ends at the truck loading station or similar ash handling equipment that transfer the ash to final disposal, including all ash handling systems that are connected to the bottom ash handling system; and
(iii) The combustor water system, which starts at the feed water pump and ends at the piping exiting the steam drum or superheater.
(3) The MWC unit does not include air pollution control equipment, the stack, water treatment equipment, or the turbine generator set.
Municipal waste combustor plant means one or more MWC units at the same location for which construction, modification, or reconstruction is commenced after December 20, 1989 and on or before September 20, 1994.
Municipal waste combustor plant capacity means the aggregate MWC unit capacity of all MWC units at an MWC plant for which construction, modification, or reconstruction of the units commenced after December 20, 1989 and on or before September 20, 1994. Any MWC units for which construction, modification, or reconstruction is commenced on or before December 20, 1989 or after September 20, 1994 are not included for determining applicability under this subpart.
Municipal waste combustor unit capacity means the maximum design charging rate of an MWC unit expressed in megagrams per day (tons per day) of MSW combusted, calculated according to the procedures under § 60.58a(j). Municipal waste combustor unit capacity is calculated using a design heating value of 10,500 kilojoules per kilogram (4,500 British thermal units per pound) for MSW. The calculational procedures under § 60.58a(j) include procedures for determining MWC unit capacity for continuous and batch feed MWC's.
Municipal waste combustor unit load means the steam load of the MWC unit measured as specified in § 60.58a(h)(6).
MWC acid gases means all acid gases emitted in the exhaust gases from MWC units including, but not limited to, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride gases.
MWC metals means metals and metal compounds emitted in the exhaust gases from MWC units.
MWC organics means organic compounds emitted in the exhaust gases from MWC units and includes total tetra- through octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
Particulate matter means total particulate matter emitted from MWC units as measured by Method 5 (see § 60.58a).
Plastics/rubber recycling unit means an integrated processing unit where plastics, rubber, and/or rubber tires are the only feed materials (incidental contaminants may be included in the feed materials) and they are processed into a chemical plant feedstock or petroleum refinery feedstock, where the feedstock is marketed to and used by a chemical plant or petroleum refinery as input feedstock. The combined weight of the chemical plant feedstock and petroleum refinery feedstock produced by the plastics/rubber recycling unit on a calendar quarter basis shall be more than 70 percent of the combined weight of the plastics, rubber, and rubber tires processed by the plastics/rubber recycling unit on a calendar quarter basis. The plastics, rubber, and/or rubber tire feed materials to the plastics/rubber recycling unit may originate from the separation or diversion of plastics, rubber, or rubber tires from MSW or industrial solid waste, and may include manufacturing scraps, trimmings, and off-specification plastics, rubber, and rubber tire discards. The plastics, rubber, and rubber tire feed materials to the plastics/rubber recycling unit may contain incidental contaminants (e.g., paper labels on plastic bottles, metal rings on plastic bottle caps, etc.).
Potential hydrogen chloride emission rate means the hydrogen chloride emission rate that would occur from combustion of MSW in the absence of any hydrogen chloride emissions control.
Potential sulfur dioxide emission rate means the sulfur dioxide emission rate that would occur from combustion of MSW in the absence of any sulfur dioxide emissions control.
Pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel mixed fuel-fired combustor or pulverized coal/RDF mixed fuel-fired combustor means a combustor that fires coal and RDF simultaneously, in which pulverized coal is introduced into an air stream that carries the coal to the combustion chamber of the unit where it is fired in suspension. This includes both conventional pulverized coal and micropulverized coal.
Pyrolysis/combustion unit means a unit that produces gases, liquids, or solids through the heating of MSW, and the gases, liquids, or solids produced are combusted and emissions vented to the atmosphere.
Reconstruction means rebuilding an MWC unit for which the cumulative costs of the construction over the life of the unit exceed 50 percent of the original cost of construction and installation of the unit (not including any cost of land purchased in connection with such construction or installation) updated to current costs (current dollars).
Refractory unit or refractory wall furnace means a combustion unit having no energy recovery (e.g., via a waterwall) in the furnace (i.e., radiant heat transfer section) of the combustor.
Refuse-derived fuel or RDF means a type of MSW produced by processing MSW through shredding and size classification.
This includes all classes of RDF including low density fluff RDF through densified RDF and RDF fuel pellets.
RDF stoker means a steam generating unit that combusts RDF in a semi-suspension firing mode using air-fed distributors.
Same location means the same or contiguous property that is under common ownership or control, including properties that are separated only by a street, road, highway, or other public right-of-way. Common ownership or control includes properties that are owned, leased, or operated by the same entity, parent entity, subsidiary, subdivision, or any combination thereof, including any municipality or other governmental unit, or any quasigovernmental authority (e.g., a public utility district or regional waste disposal authority).
Shift supervisor means the person in direct charge and control of the operation of an MWC and who is responsible for on-site supervision, technical direction, management, and overall performance of the facility during an assigned shift.
Spreader stoker coal/refuse-derived fuel mixed fuel-fired combustor or spreader stoker coal/RDF mixed fuel-fired combustor means a combustor that fires coal and refuse-derived fuel simultaneously, in which coal is introduced to the combustion zone by a mechanism that throws the fuel onto a grate from above. Combustion takes place both in suspension and on the grate.
Standard conditions means a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) and a pressure of 101.3 kilopascals (29.92 inches of mercury).
Twenty-four hour daily average or 24-hour daily average means the arithmetic or geometric mean (as specified in § 60.58a (e), (g), or (h) as applicable) of all hourly emission rates when the affected facility is operating and firing MSW measured over a 24-hour period between 12 midnight and the following midnight.
Untreated lumber means wood or wood products that have been cut or shaped and include wet, air-dried, and kiln-dried wood products. Untreated lumber does not include wood products that have been painted, pigment-stained, or “pressure-treated.” Pressure-treating compounds include, but are not limited to, chromate copper arsenate, pentachlorophenol, and creosote.
Waterwall furnace means a combustion unit having energy (heat) recovery in the furnace (i.e., radiant heat transfer section) of the combustor.
Yard waste means grass, grass clippings, bushes, shrubs, and clippings from bushes and shrubs that are generated by residential, commercial/retail, institutional, and/or industrial sources as part of maintenance activities associated with yards or other private or public lands. Yard waste does not include construction, renovation, and demolition wastes, which are exempt from the definition of MSW in this section. Yard waste does not include clean wood, which is exempt from the definition of MSW in this section.
§ 60.52a   Standard for municipal waste combustor metals.
(a) On and after the date on which the initial compliance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8, no owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain particulate matter in excess of 34 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (0.015 grains per dry standard cubic foot), corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis).
(b) On and after the date on which the initial compliance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8, no owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the particulate matter emission limit under paragraph (a) of this section shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that exhibit greater than 10 percent opacity (6-minute average).
(c) [Reserved]
§ 60.53a   Standard for municipal waste combustor organics.
(a) [Reserved]
(b) On and after the date on which the initial compliance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8, no owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain dioxin/furan emissions that exceed 30 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter (12 grains per billion dry standard cubic feet), corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis).
§ 60.54a   Standard for municipal waste combustor acid gases.
(a)-(b) [Reserved]
(c) On and after the date on which the initial compliance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8, no owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain sulfur dioxide in excess of 20 percent of the potential sulfur dioxide emission rate (80 percent reduction by weight or volume) or 30 parts per million by volume, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis), whichever is less stringent. The averaging time is specified in § 60.58a(e).
(d) On and after the date on which the initial compliance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8, no owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain hydrogen chloride in excess of 5 percent of the potential hydrogen chloride emission rate (95 percent reduction by weight or volume) or 25 parts per million by volume, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis), whichever is less stringent.
§ 60.55a   Standard for nitrogen oxides.
On and after the date on which the initial compliance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8, no owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain nitrogen oxides in excess of 180 parts per million by volume, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis). The averaging time is specified under § 60.58a(g).
§ 60.56a   Standards for municipal waste combustor operating practices.
(a) On and after the date on which the initial compliance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8, no owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall cause such facility to exceed the carbon monoxide standards shown in table 1.
Table 1—MWC Operating Standards
1 Measured at the combustor outlet in conjunction with a measurement of oxygen concentration, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis). The averaging times are specified in § 60.58a(h).
(b) No owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall cause such facility to operate at a load level greater than 110 percent of the maximum demonstrated MWC unit load as defined in § 60.51a. The averaging time is specified under § 60.58a(h).
(c) No owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall cause such facility to operate at a temperature, measured at the final particulate matter control device inlet, exceeding 17 °Centigrade (30 °Fahrenheit) above the maximum demonstrated particulate matter control device temperature as defined in § 60.51a. The averaging time is specified under § 60.58a(h).
(d) Within 24 months from the date of start-up of an affected facility or before February 11, 1993, whichever is later, each chief facility operator and shift supervisor of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall obtain and keep current either a provisional or operator certification in accordance with ASME QRO-1-1994 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17) or an equivalent State-approved certification program.
(e) No owner or operator of an affected facility shall allow such affected facility located at a large MWC plant to operate at any time without a certified shift supervisor, as provided under paragraph (d) of this section, on duty at the affected facility. This requirement shall take effect 24 months after the date of start-up of the affected facility or on and after February 11, 1993, whichever is later.
(f) The owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall develop and update on a yearly basis a sitespecific operating manual that shall, at a minimum, address the following elements of MWC unit operation:
(1) Summary of the applicable standards under this subpart;
(2) Description of basic combustion theory applicable to an MWC unit;
(3) Procedures for receiving, handling, and feeding MSW;
(4) MWC unit start-up, shutdown, and malfunction procedures;
(5) Procedures for maintaining proper combustion air supply levels;
(6) Procedures for operating the MWC unit within the standards established under this subpart;
(7) Procedures for responding to periodic upset or off-specification conditions;
(8) Procedures for minimizing particulate matter carryover;
(9) [Reserved]
(10) Procedures for handling ash;
(11) Procedures for monitoring MWC unit emissions; and
(12) Reporting and recordkeeping procedures.
(g) The owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall establish a program for reviewing the operating manual annually with each person who has responsibilities affecting the operation of an affected facility including, but not limited to, chief facility operators, shift supervisors, control room operators, ash handlers, maintenance personnel, and crane/load handlers.
(h) The initial review of the operating manual, as specified under paragraph (g) of this section, shall be conducted prior to assumption of responsibilities affecting MWC unit operation by any person required to undergo training under paragraph (g) of this section. Subsequent reviews of the manual shall be carried out annually by each such person.
(i) The operating manual shall be kept in a readily accessible location for all persons required to undergo training under paragraph (g) of this section. The operating manual and records of training shall be available for inspection by EPA or its delegated enforcement agent upon request.
(j)-(k) [Reserved]
§ 60.57a   [Reserved]
§ 60.58a   Compliance and performance testing.
(a) The standards under this subpart apply at all times, except during periods of start-up, shutdown, or malfunction; provided, however, that the duration of start-up, shutdown, or malfunction shall not exceed 3 hours per occurrence.
(1) The start-up period commences when the affected facility begins the continuous burning of MSW and does not include any warm-up period when the affected facility is combusting only a fossil fuel or other non-MSW fuel and no MSW is being combusted.
(2) Continuous burning is the continuous, semicontinuous, or batch feeding of MSW for purposes of waste disposal, energy production, or providing heat to the combustion system in preparation for waste disposal or energy production. The use of MSW solely to provide thermal protection of grate or hearth during the start-up period shall not be considered to be continuous burning.
(b) The following procedures and test methods shall be used to determine compliance with the emission limits for particulate matter under § 60.52a:
(1) Method 1 shall be used to select sampling site and number of traverse points.
(2) Method 3 shall be used for gas analysis.
(3) Method 5 shall be used for determining compliance with the particulate matter emission limit. The minimum sample volume shall be 1.7 cubic meters (60 cubic feet). The probe and filter holder heating systems in the sample train shall be set to provide a gas temperature of 160°±14 °Centigrade (320°±25 °Fahrenheit). An oxygen or carbon dioxide measurement shall be obtained simultaneously with each Method 5 run.
(4) For each Method 5 run, the emission rate shall be determined using:
(i) Oxygen or carbon dioxide measurements,
(ii) Dry basis F factor, and
(iii) Dry basis emission rate calculation procedures in Method 19.
(5) An owner or operator may request that compliance be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. The relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the affected facility shall be established during the initial compliance test.
(6) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct an initial compliance test for particulate matter and opacity as required under § 60.8.
(7) Method 9 shall be used for determining compliance with the opacity limit.
(8) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous opacity monitoring system (COMS) and record the output of the system on a 6-minute average basis.
(9) Following the date the initial compliance test for particulate matter is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 for an affected facility located within a large MWC plant, the owner or operator shall conduct a performance test for particulate matter on an annual basis (no more than 12 calendar months following the previous compliance test).
(10) [Reserved]
(c) [Reserved]
(d) The following procedures and test methods shall be used to determine compliance with the limits for dioxin/furan emissions under § 60.53a:
(1) Method 23 shall be used for determining compliance with the dioxin/furan emission limits. The minimum sample time shall be 4 hours per test run.
(2) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct an initial compliance test for dioxin/furan emissions as required under § 60.8.
(3) Following the date of the initial compliance test or the date on which the initial compliance test is required to be completed under § 60.8, the owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall conduct a performance test for dioxin/furan emissions on an annual basis (no more than 12 calendar months following the previous compliance test).
(4) [Reserved]
(5) An owner or operator may request that compliance with the dioxin/furan emissions limit be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. The relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the affected facility shall be established during the initial compliance test.
(e) The following procedures and test methods shall be used for determining compliance with the sulfur dioxide limit under § 60.54a:
(1) Method 19, section 5.4, shall be used to determine the daily geometric average percent reduction in the potential sulfur dioxide emission rate.
(2) Method 19, section 4.3, shall be used to determine the daily geometric average sulfur dioxide emission rate.
(3) An owner or operator may request that compliance with the sulfur dioxide emissions limit be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. The relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the affected facility shall be established during the initial compliance test.
(4) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct an initial compliance test for sulfur dioxide as required under § 60.8. Compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limit and percent reduction is determined by using a CEMS to measure sulfur dioxide and calculating a 24-hour daily geometric mean emission rate and daily geometric mean percent reduction using Method 19 sections 4.3 and 5.4, as applicable, except as provided under paragraph (e)(5) of this section.
(5) For batch MWC's or MWC units that do not operate continuously, compliance shall be determined using a daily geometric mean of all hourly average values for the hours during the day that the affected facility is combusting MSW.
(6) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for measuring sulfur dioxide emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system.
(7) Following the date of the initial compliance test or the date on which the initial compliance test is required to be completed under § 60.8, compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limit or percent reduction shall be determined based on the geometric mean of the hourly arithmetic average emission rates during each 24-hour daily period measured between 12:00 midnight and the following midnight using: CEMS inlet and outlet data, if compliance is based on a percent reduction; or CEMS outlet data only if compliance is based on an emission limit.
(8) At a minimum, valid CEMS data shall be obtained for 75 percent of the hours per day for 75 percent of the days per month the affected facility is operated and combusting MSW.
(9) The 1-hour arithmetic averages required under paragraph (e)(7) of this section shall be expressed in parts per million (dry basis) and used to calculate the 24-hour daily geometric mean emission rates. The 1-hour arithmetic averages shall be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(e)(2). At least two data points shall be used to calculate each 1-hour arithmetic average.
(10) All valid CEMS data shall be used in calculating emission rates and percent reductions even if the minimum CEMS data requirements of paragraph (e)(8) of this section are not met.
(11) The procedures under § 60.1 3 shall be followed for installation, evaluation, and operation of the CEMS.
(12) The CEMS shall be operated according to Performance Specifications 1, 2, and 3 (appendix B of part 60).
(13) Quarterly accuracy determinations and daily calibration drift tests shall be performed in accordance with Procedure 1 (appendix F of part 60).
(14) The span value of the CEMS at the inlet to the sulfur dioxide control device is 125 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential sulfur dioxide emissions of the MWC unit, and the span value of the CEMS at the outlet of the sulfur dioxide control device is 50 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential sulfur dioxide emissions of the MWC unit.
(15) When sulfur dioxide emissions data are not obtained because of CEMS breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks and zero and span adjustments, emissions data shall be obtained by using other monitoring systems as approved by the Administrator or Method 19 to provide as necessary valid emission data for a minimum of 75 percent of the hours per day for 75 percent of the days per month the unit is operated and combusting MSW.
(16) Not operating a sorbent injection system for the sole purpose of testing in order to demonstrate compliance with the percent reduction standards for MWC acid gases shall not be considered a physical change in the method of operation under 40 CFR 52.21, or under regulations approved pursuant to 40 CFR 51.166 or 40 CFR 51.165 (a) and (b).
(f) The following procedures and test methods shall be used for determining compliance with the hydrogen chloride limits under § 60.54a:
(1) The percentage reduction in the potential hydrogen chloride emissions (%P HCl ) is computed using the following formula:
(2) Method 26 or 26A shall be used for determining the hydrogen chloride emission rate. The minimum sampling time for Method 26 or 26A shall be 1 hour.
(3) An owner or operator may request that compliance with the hydrogen chloride emissions limit be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. The relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the affected facility shall be established during the initial compliance test.
(4) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct an initial compliance test for hydrogen chloride as required under § 60.8.
(5) Following the date of the initial compliance test or the date on which the initial compliance test is required under § 60.8, the owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall conduct a performance test for hydrogen chloride on an annual basis (no more than 12 calendar months following the previous compliance test).
(6) [Reserved]
(7) Not operating a sorbent injection system for the sole purpose of testing in order to demonstrate compliance with the percent reduction standards for MWC acid gases shall not be considered a physical change in the method of operation under 40 CFR 52.21, or under regulations approved pursuant to 40 CFR 51.166 or 40 CFR 51.165 (a) and (b).
(g) The following procedures and test methods shall be used to determine compliance with the nitrogen oxides limit under § 60.55a:
(1) Method 19, section 4.1, shall be used for determining the daily arithmetic average nitrogen oxides emission rate.
(2) An owner or operator may request that compliance with the nitrogen oxides emissions limit be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. The relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the affected facility shall be established during the initial compliance test.
(3) The owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the nitrogen oxides limit under § 60.55a shall conduct an initial compliance test for nitrogen oxides as required under § 60.8. Compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission standard shall be determined by using a CEMS for measuring nitrogen oxides and calculating a 24-hour daily arithmetic average emission rate using Method 19, section 4.1, except as specified under paragraph (g)(4) of this section.
(4) For batch MWC's or MWC's that do not operate continuously, compliance shall be determined using a daily arithmetic average of all hourly average values for the hours during the day that the affected facility is combusting MSW.
(5) The owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the nitrogen oxides emissions limit under § 60.55a shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for measuring nitrogen oxides discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system.
(6) Following the initial compliance test or the date on which the initial compliance test is required to be completed under § 60.8, compliance with the emission limit for nitrogen oxides required under § 60.55a shall be determined based on the arithmetic average of the arithmetic average hourly emission rates during each 24-hour daily period measured between 12:00 midnight and the following midnight using CEMS data.
(7) At a minimum valid CEMS data shall be obtained for 75 percent of the hours per day for 75 percent of the days per month the affected facility is operated and combusting MSW.
(8) The 1-hour arithmetic averages required by paragraph (g)(6) of this section shall be expressed in parts per million volume (dry basis) and used to calculate the 24-hour daily arithmetic average emission rates. The 1-hour arithmetic averages shall be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(b). At least two data points shall be used to calculate each 1-hour arithmetic average.
(9) All valid CEMS data must be used in calculating emission rates even if the minimum CEMS data requirements of paragraph (g)(7) of this section are not met.
(10) The procedures under § 60.13 shall be followed for installation, evaluation, and operation of the CEMS.
(11) Quarterly accuracy determinations and daily calibration drift tests shall be performed in accordance with Procedure 1 (appendix F of part 60).
(12) When nitrogen oxides emissions data are not obtained because of CEMS breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments, emission data calculations to determine compliance shall be made using other monitoring systems as approved by the Administrator or Method 19 to provide as necessary valid emission data for a minimum of 75 percent of the hours per day for 75 percent of the days per month the unit is operated and combusting MSW.
(h) The following procedures shall be used for determining compliance with the operating standards under § 60.56a:
(1) Compliance with the carbon monoxide emission limits in § 60.56a(a) shall be determined using a 4-hour block arithmetic average for all types of affected facilities except mass burn rotary waterwall MWC's, RDF stokers, and spreader stoker/RDF mixed fuel-fired combustors.
(2) For affected mass burn rotary waterwall MWC's, RDF stokers, and spreader stoker/RDF mixed fuel-fired combustors, compliance with the carbon monoxide emission limits in § 60.56a(a) shall be determined using a 24-hour daily arithmetic average.
(3) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for measuring carbon monoxide at the combustor outlet and record the output of the system.
(4) The 4-hour and 24-hour daily arithmetic averages in paragraphs (h) (1) and (2) of this section shall be calculated from 1-hour arithmetic averages expressed in parts per million by volume (dry basis). The 1-hour arithmetic averages shall be calculated using the data points generated by the CEMS. At least two data points shall be used to calculate each 1-hour arithmetic average.
(5) An owner or operator may request that compliance with the carbon monoxide emission limit be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. The relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the affected facility shall be established during the initial compliance test.
(6) The following procedures shall be used to determine compliance with load level requirements under § 60.56a(b):
(i) The owner or operator of an affected facility with steam generation capability shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a steam flow meter or a feedwater flow meter; measure steam or feedwater flow in kilograms per hour (pounds per hour) on a continuous basis; and record the output of the monitor. Steam or feedwater flow shall be calculated in 4-hour block arithmetic averages.
(ii) The method included in “American Society of Mechanical Engineers Power Test Codes: Test Code for Steam Generating Units, Power Test Code 4.1—1964”, Section 4 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17) shall be used for calculating the steam (or feedwater flow) required under paragraph (h)(6)(i) of this section. The recommendations of “American Society of Mechanical Engineers Interim Supplement 19.5 on Instruments and Apparatus: Application, Part II of Fluid Meters, 6th edition (1971),” chapter 4 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17) shall be followed for design, construction, installation, calibration, and use of nozzles and orifices except as specified in (h)(6)(iii) of this section.
(iii) Measurement devices such as flow nozzles and orifices are not required to be recalibrated after they are installed.
(iv) All signal conversion elements associated with steam (or feedwater flow) measurements must be calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions before each dioxin/furan compliance and performance test, and at least once per year.
(v) The owner or operator of an affected facility without heat recovery shall:
(A) [Reserved]
(7) To determine compliance with the maximum particulate matter control device temperature requirements under § 60.56a(c), the owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a device for measuring temperature of the flue gas stream at the inlet to the final particulate matter control device on a continuous basis and record the output of the device. Temperature shall be calculated in 4-hour block arithmetic averages.
(8) Maximum demonstrated MWC unit load shall be determined during the initial compliance test for dioxins/furans and each subsequent performance test during which compliance with the dioxin/furan emission limit under § 60.53a is achieved. Maximum demonstrated MWC unit load shall be the maximum 4-hour arithmetic average load achieved during the most recent test during which compliance with the dioxin/furan limit was achieved.
(9) The maximum demonstrated particulate matter control device temperature shall be determined during the initial compliance test for dioxins/furans and each subsequent performance test during which compliance with the dioxin/furan emission limit under § 60.53a is achieved. Maximum demonstrated particulate matter control device temperature shall be the maximum 4-hour arithmetic average temperature achieved at the final particulate matter control device inlet during the most recent test during which compliance with the dioxin/furan limit was achieved.
(10) At a minimum, valid CEMS data for carbon monoxide, steam or feedwater flow, and particulate matter control device inlet temperature shall be obtained 75 percent of the hours per day for 75 percent of the days per month the affected facility is operated and combusting MSW.
(11) All valid data must be used in calculating the parameters specified under paragraph (h) of this section even if the minimum data requirements of paragraph (h)(10) of this section are not met.
(12) Quarterly accuracy determinations and daily calibration drift tests for carbon monoxide CEMS shall be performed in accordance with Procedure 1 (appendix F).
(i) [Reserved]
(j) The following procedures shall be used for calculating MWC unit capacity as defined under § 60.51a:
(1) For MWC units capable of combusting MSW continuously for a 24-hour period, MWC unit capacity, in megagrams per day (tons per day) of MSW combusted, shall be calculated based on 24 hours of operation at the maximum design charging rate. The design heating values under paragraph (j)(4) of this section shall be used in calculating the design charging rate.
(2) For batch MWC units, MWC unit capacity, in megagrams per day (tons per day) of MSW combusted, shall be calculated as the maximum design amount of MSW that can be charged per batch multiplied by the maximum number of batches that could be processed in a 24-hour period. The maximum number of batches that could be processed in a 24-hour period is calculated as 24 hours divided by the design number of hours required to process one batch of MSW, and may include fractional batches. 1 The design heating values under paragraph (j)(4) of this section shall be used in calculating the MWC unit capacity in megagrams per day (tons per day) of MSW.
1 For example, if one batch requires 16 hours, then 24/16, or 1.5 batches, could be combusted in a 24-hour period.
(3) [Reserved]
(4) The MWC unit capacity shall be calculated using a design heating value of 10,500 kilojoules per kilogram (4,500 British thermal units per pound) for all MSW.
§ 60.59a   Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility located at an MWC plant with a capacity greater than 225 megagrams per day (250 tons per day) shall provide notification of intent to construct and of planned initial start-up date and the type(s) of fuels that they plan to combust in the affected facility. The MWC unit capacity and MWC plant capacity and supporting capacity calculations shall be provided at the time of the notification of construction.
(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility located within a small or large MWC plant and subject to the standards under § 60.52a, § 60.53a, § 60.54a, § 60.55a, § 60.56a, or § 60.57a shall maintain records of the following information for each affected facility for a period of at least 2 years:
(1) Calendar date.
(2) The emission rates and parameters measured using CEMS as specified under (b)(2) (i) and (ii) of this section:
(i) The following measurements shall be recorded in computer-readable format and on paper:
(A) All 6-minute average opacity levels required under § 60.58a(b).
(B) All 1 hour average sulfur dioxide emission rates at the inlet and outlet of the acid gas control device if compliance is based on a percent reduction, or at the outlet only if compliance is based on the outlet emission limit, as specified under § 60.58a(e).
(C) All 1-hour average nitrogen oxides emission rates as specified under § 60.58a(g).
(D) All 1-hour average carbon monoxide emission rates, MWC unit load measurements, and particulate matter control device inlet temperatures as specified under § 60.58a(h).
(ii) The following average rates shall be computed and recorded:
(A) All 24-hour daily geometric average percent reductions in sulfur dioxide emissions and all 24-hour daily geometric average sulfur dioxide emission rates as specified under § 60.58a(e).
(B) All 24-hour daily arithmetic average nitrogen oxides emission rates as specified under § 60.58a(g).
(C) All 4-hour block or 24-hour daily arithmetic average carbon monoxide emission rates, as applicable, as specified under § 60.58a(h).
(D) All 4-hour block arithmetic average MWC unit load levels and particulate matter control device inlet temperatures as specified under § 60.58a(h).
(3) Identification of the operating days when any of the average emission rates, percent reductions, or operating parameters specified under paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section or the opacity level exceeded the applicable limits, with reasons for such exceedances as well as a description of corrective actions taken.
(4) Identification of operating days for which the minimum number of hours of sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides emissions or operational data (carbon monoxide emissions, unit load, particulate matter control device temperature) have not been obtained, including reasons for not obtaining sufficient data and a description of corrective actions taken.
(5) Identification of the times when sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides emission or operational data (carbon monoxide emissions, unit load, particulate matter control device temperature) have been excluded from the calculation of average emission rates or parameters and the reasons for excluding data.
(6) The results of daily sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide CEMS drift tests and accuracy assessments as required under appendix F, Procedure 1.
(7) The results of all annual performance tests conducted to determine compliance with the particulate matter, dioxin/furan and hydrogen chloride limits. For all annual dioxin/furan tests, the maximum demonstrated MWC unit load and maximum demonstrated particulate matter control device temperature shall be recorded along with supporting calculations.
(8)-(15) [Reserved]
(c) Following the initial compliance test as required under §§ 60.8 and 60.58a, the owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall submit the initial compliance test data, the performance evaluation of the CEMS using the applicable performance specifications in appendix B, and the maximum demonstrated MWC unit load and maximum demonstrated particulate matter control device temperature established during the dioxin/furan compliance test.
(d) [Reserved]
(e)(1) The owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall submit annual compliance reports for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide (if applicable), carbon monoxide, load level, and particulate matter control device temperature to the Administrator containing the information recorded under paragraphs (b)(1), (2)(ii), (4), (5), and (6) of this section for each pollutant or parameter. The hourly average values recorded under paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section are not required to be included in the annual reports. Combustors firing a mixture of medical waste and other MSW shall also provide the information under paragraph (b)(15) of this section, as applicable, in each annual report. The owner or operator of an affected facility must submit reports semiannually once the affected facility is subject to permitting requirements under Title V of the Act.
(2) The owner or operator shall submit a semiannual report for any pollutant or parameter that does not comply with the pollutant or parameter limits specified in this subpart. Such report shall include the information recorded under paragraph (b)(3) of this section. For each of the dates reported, include the sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, load level, and particulate matter control device temperature data, as applicable, recorded under paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)(A) through (D) of this section.
(3) Reports shall be postmarked no later than the 30th day following the end of the annual or semiannual period, as applicable.
(f)(1) The owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall submit annual compliance reports, as applicable, for opacity. The annual report shall list the percent of the affected facility operating time for the reporting period that the opacity CEMS was operating and collecting valid data. Once the unit is subject to permitting requirements under Title V of the Act, the owner or operator of an affected facility must submit these reports semiannually.
(2) The owner or operator shall submit a semiannual report for all periods when the 6-minute average levels exceeded the opacity limit under § 60.52a. The semiannual report shall include all information recorded under paragraph (b)(3) of this section which pertains to opacity, and a listing of the 6-minute average opacity levels recorded under paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section, which exceeded the opacity limit.
(3) Reports shall be postmarked no later than the 30th day following the end of the annual of semiannual period, as applicable.
(g)(1) The owner or operator of an affected facility located within a large MWC plant shall submit reports to the Administrator of all annual performance tests for particulate matter, dioxin/furan, and hydrogen chloride as recorded under paragraph (b)(7) of this section, as applicable, from the affected facility. For each annual dioxin/furan compliance test, the maximum demonstrated MWC unit load and maximum demonstrated particulate matter control device temperature shall be reported. Such reports shall be submitted when available and in no case later than the date of required submittal of the annual report specified under paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section, or within six months of the date the test was conducted, whichever is earlier.
(2) The owner or operator shall submit a report of test results which document any particulate matter, dioxin/furan, and hydrogen chloride levels that were above the applicable pollutant limit. The report shall include a copy of the test report documenting the emission levels and shall include the corrective action taken. Such reports shall be submitted when available and in no case later than the date required for submittal of any semiannual report required in paragraphs (e) or (f) of this section, or within six months of the date the test was conducted, whichever is earlier.
(h) [Reserved]
(i) Records of CEMS data for opacity, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide, load level data, and particulate matter control device temperature data shall be maintained for at least 2 years after date of recordation and be made available for inspection upon request.
(j) Records showing the names of persons who have completed review of the operating manual, including the date of the initial review and all subsequent annual reviews, shall be maintained for at least 2 years after date of review and be made available for inspection upon request.
§ 60.50b   Applicability and delegation of authority.
(a) The affected facility to which this subpart applies is each municipal waste combustor unit with a combustion capacity greater than 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste for which construction, modification, or reconstruction is commenced after September 20, 1994.
(b) Any waste combustion unit that is capable of combusting more than 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste and is subject to a federally enforceable permit limiting the maximum amount of municipal solid waste that may be combusted in the unit to less than or equal to 11 tons per day is not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator:
(1) Notifies EPA of an exemption claim;
(2) Provides a copy of the federally enforceable permit that limits the firing of municipal solid waste to less than 11 tons per day; and
(3) Keeps records of the amount of municipal solid waste fired on a daily basis.
(c) An affected facility to which this subpart applies is not subject to subpart E or Ea of this part.
(d) Physical or operational changes made to an existing municipal waste combustor unit primarily for the purpose of complying with emission guidelines under subpart Cb are not considered a modification or reconstruction and do not result in an existing municipal waste combustor unit becoming subject to this subpart.
(e) A qualifying small power production facility, as defined in section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(17)(C)), that burns homogeneous waste (such as automotive tires or used oil, but not including refuse-derived fuel) for the production of electric energy is not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the facility notifies EPA of this exemption and provides data documenting that the facility qualifies for this exemption.
(f) A qualifying cogeneration facility, as defined in section 3(18)(B) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(18)(B)), that burns homogeneous waste (such as automotive tires or used oil, but not including refuse-derived fuel) for the production of electric energy and steam or forms of useful energy (such as heat) that are used for industrial, commercial, heating, or cooling purposes, is not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the facility notifies EPA of this exemption and provides data documenting that the facility qualifies for this exemption.
(g) Any unit combusting a single-item waste stream of tires is not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the unit:
(1) Notifies EPA of an exemption claim; and
(2) [Reserved]
(3) Provides data documenting that the unit qualifies for this exemption.
(h) Any unit required to have a permit under section 3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act is not subject to this subpart.
(i) Any materials recovery facility (including primary or secondary smelters) that combusts waste for the primary purpose of recovering metals is not subject to this subpart.
(j) Any cofired combustor, as defined under § 60.51b, that meets the capacity specifications in paragraph (a) of this section is not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the cofired combustor:
(1) Notifies EPA of an exemption claim;
(2) Provides a copy of the federally enforceable permit (specified in the definition of cofired combustor in this section); and
(3) Keeps a record on a calendar quarter basis of the weight of municipal solid waste combusted at the cofired combustor and the weight of all other fuels combusted at the cofired combustor.
(k) Air curtain incinerators, as defined under § 60.51b, located at a plant that meet the capacity specifications in paragraph (a) of this section and that combust a fuel stream composed of 100 percent yard waste are exempt from all provisions of this subpart except the opacity limit under § 60.56b, the testing procedures under § 60.58b(l), and the reporting and recordkeeping provisions under § 60.59b (e) and (i).
(l) Air curtain incinerators located at plants that meet the capacity specifications in paragraph (a) of this section combusting municipal solid waste other than yard waste are subject to all provisions of this subpart.
(m) Pyrolysis/combustion units that are an integrated part of a plastics/rubber recycling unit (as defined in § 60.51b) are not subject to this subpart if the owner or operator of the plastics/rubber recycling unit keeps records of the weight of plastics, rubber, and/or rubber tires processed on a calendar quarter basis; the weight of chemical plant feedstocks and petroleum refinery feedstocks produced and marketed on a calendar quarter basis; and the name and address of the purchaser of the feedstocks. The combustion of gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, fuel oils, residual oil, refinery gas, petroleum coke, liquified petroleum gas, propane, or butane produced by chemical plants or petroleum refineries that use feedstocks produced by plastics/rubber recycling units are not subject to this subpart.
(n) The following authorities are retained by the Administrator of the U.S. EPA and are not transferred to a State:
(1) Approval of exemption claims in paragraphs (b), (e), (f), (g) and (j) of this section;
(2) Enforceability under Federal law of all Federally enforceable, as defined in § 60.51b, limitations and conditions;
(3) Determination of compliance with the siting requirements as specified in § 60.57b(a);
(4) Acceptance of relationship between carbon monoxide and oxygen as part of initial and annual performance tests as specified in § 60.58b(b)(7);
(5) Approval of other monitoring systems used to obtain emissions data when data is not obtained by CEMS as specified in § 60.58b(e)(14), (h)(12), (i)(11), and (n)(14), and (p)(11);
(6) Approval of a site-specific monitoring plan for the continuous emission monitoring system specified in “60.58b(n)(13) and (o) of this section or the continuous automated sampling system specified in § 60.58b(p)(10) and (q) of this section;
(7) Approval of major alternatives to test methods;
(8) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring;
(9) Waiver of recordkeeping; and
(10) Performance test and data reduction waivers under “608(b).
(o) This subpart shall become effective June 19, 1996.
(p) Cement kilns firing municipal solid waste are not subject to this subpart.
§ 60.51b   Definitions.
Administrator means:
(1) For approved and effective State Section 111(d)/129 plans, the Director of the State air pollution control agency, or employee of the State air pollution control agency that is delegated the authority to perform the specified task;
(2) For Federal Section 111(d)/129 plans, the Administrator of the EPA, an employee of the EPA, the Director of the State air pollution control agency, or employee of the State air pollution control agency to whom the authority has been delegated by the Administrator of the EPA to perform the specified task; and
(3) For NSPS, the Administrator of the EPA, an employee of the EPA, the Director of the State air pollution control agency, or employee of the State air pollution control agency to whom the authority has been delegated by the Administrator of the EPA to perform the specified task.
Air curtain incinerator means an incinerator that operates by forcefully projecting a curtain of air across an open chamber or pit in which burning occurs. Incinerators of this type can be constructed above or below ground and with or without refractory walls and floor.
Batch municipal waste combustor means a municipal waste combustor unit designed so that it cannot combust municipal solid waste continuously 24 hours per day because the design does not allow waste to be fed to the unit or ash to be removed while combustion is occurring.
Bubbling fluidized bed combustor means a fluidized bed combustor in which the majority of the bed material remains in a fluidized state in the primary combustion zone.
Calendar quarter means a consecutive 3-month period (nonoverlapping) beginning on January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1.
Calendar year means the period including 365 days starting January 1 and ending on December 31.
Chief facility operator means the person in direct charge and control of the operation of a municipal waste combustor and who is responsible for daily onsite supervision, technical direction, management, and overall performance of the facility.
Circulating fluidized bed combustor means a fluidized bed combustor in which the majority of the fluidized bed material is carried out of the primary combustion zone and is transported back to the primary zone through a recirculation loop.
Clean wood means untreated wood or untreated wood products including clean untreated lumber, tree stumps (whole or chipped), and tree limbs (whole or chipped). Clean wood does not include yard waste, which is defined elsewhere in this section, or construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (including but not limited to railroad ties and telephone poles), which are exempt from the definition of municipal solid waste in this section.
Cofired combustor means a unit combusting municipal solid waste with nonmunicipal solid waste fuel (e.g., coal, industrial process waste) and subject to a federally enforceable permit limiting the unit to combusting a fuel feed stream, 30 percent or less of the weight of which is comprised, in aggregate, of municipal solid waste as measured on a calendar quarter basis.
Continuous automated sampling system means the total equipment and procedures for automated sample collection and sample recovery/analysis to determine a pollutant concentration or emission rate by collecting a single or multiple integrated sample(s) of the pollutant (or diluent gas) for subsequent on-or off-site analysis; integrated sample(s) collected are representative of the emissions for the sample time as specified by the applicable requirement.
Continuous emission monitoring system means a monitoring system for continuously measuring the emissions of a pollutant from an affected facility.
Dioxin/furan means tetra- through octa- chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
EPA means the Administrator of the U.S. EPA or employee of the U.S. EPA who is delegated to perform the specified task.
Federally enforceable means all limitations and conditions that are enforceable by EPA including the requirements of 40 CFR part 60, 40 CFR part 61, and 40 CFR part 63, requirements within any applicable State implementation plan, and any permit requirements established under 40 CFR 52.21 or under 40 CFR 51.18 and 40 CFR 51.24.
First calendar half means the period starting on January 1 and ending on June 30 in any year.
Four-hour block average or 4-hour block average means the average of all hourly emission concentrations when the affected facility is operating and combusting municipal solid waste measured over 4-hour periods of time from 12:00 midnight to 4 a.m., 4 a.m. to 8 a.m., 8 a.m. to 12:00 noon, 12:00 noon to 4 p.m., 4 p.m. to 8 p.m., and 8 p.m. to 12:00 midnight.
Mass burn refractory municipal waste combustor means a field-erected combustor that combusts municipal solid waste in a refractory wall furnace. Unless otherwise specified, this includes combustors with a cylindrical rotary refractory wall furnace.
Mass burn rotary waterwall municipal waste combustor means a field-erected combustor that combusts municipal solid waste in a cylindrical rotary waterwall furnace or on a tumbling-tile grate.
Mass burn waterwall municipal waste combustor means a field-erected combustor that combusts municipal solid waste in a waterwall furnace.
Materials separation plan means a plan that identifies both a goal and an approach to separate certain components of municipal solid waste for a given service area in order to make the separated materials available for recycling. A materials separation plan may include elements such as dropoff facilities, buy-back or deposit-return incentives, curbside pickup programs, or centralized mechanical separation systems. A materials separation plan may include different goals or approaches for different subareas in the service area, and may include no materials separation activities for certain subareas or, if warranted, an entire service area.
Maximum demonstrated municipal waste combustor unit load means the highest 4-hour arithmetic average municipal waste combustor unit load achieved during four consecutive hours during the most recent dioxin/furan performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable limit for municipal waste combustor organics specified under § 60.52b(c).
Maximum demonstrated particulate matter control device temperature means the highest 4-hour arithmetic average flue gas temperature measured at the particulate matter control device inlet during four consecutive hours during the most recent dioxin/furan performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable limit for municipal waste combustor organics specified under § 60.52b(c).
Modification or modified municipal waste combustor unit means a municipal waste combustor unit to which changes have been made after June 19, 1996 if the cumulative cost of the changes, over the life of the unit, exceed 50 percent of the original cost of construction and installation of the unit (not including the cost of any land purchased in connection with such construction or installation) updated to current costs; or any physical change in the municipal waste combustor unit or change in the method of operation of the municipal waste combustor unit increases the amount of any air pollutant emitted by the unit for which standards have been established under section 129 or section 111. Increases in the amount of any air pollutant emitted by the municipal waste combustor unit are determined at 100-percent physical load capability and downstream of all air pollution control devices, with no consideration given for load restrictions based on permits or other nonphysical operational restrictions.
Modular excess-air municipal waste combustor means a combustor that combusts municipal solid waste and that is not field-erected and has multiple combustion chambers, all of which are designed to operate at conditions with combustion air amounts in excess of theoretical air requirements.
Modular starved-air municipal waste combustor means a combustor that combusts municipal solid waste and that is not field-erected and has multiple combustion chambers in which the primary combustion chamber is designed to operate at substoichiometric conditions.
Municipal solid waste or municipal-type solid waste or MSW means household, commercial/retail, and/or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded by single and multiple residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing establishments or facilities. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes material discarded by schools, nonmedical waste discarded by hospitals, material discarded by nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and material discarded by other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge; wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which includes but is not limited to railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff). Household, commercial/retail, and institutional wastes include:
(1) Yard waste;
(2) Refuse-derived fuel; and
(3) Motor vehicle maintenance materials limited to vehicle batteries and tires except as specified in § 60.50b(g).
Municipal waste combustor, MWC, or municipal waste combustor unit: (1) Means any setting or equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste including, but not limited to, field-erected incinerators (with or without heat recovery), modular incinerators (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (i.e., steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units. Municipal waste combustors do not include pyrolysis/combustion units located at a plastics/rubber recycling unit (as specified in § 60.50b(m)). Municipal waste combustors do not include cement kilns firing municipal solid waste (as specified in § 60.50b(p)). Municipal waste combustors do not include internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.
(2) The boundaries of a municipal solid waste combustor are defined as follows. The municipal waste combustor unit includes, but is not limited to, the municipal solid waste fuel feed system, grate system, flue gas system, bottom ash system, and the combustor water system. The municipal waste combustor boundary starts at the municipal solid waste pit or hopper and extends through:
(i) The combustor flue gas system, which ends immediately following the heat recovery equipment or, if there is no heat recovery equipment, immediately following the combustion chamber,
(ii) The combustor bottom ash system, which ends at the truck loading station or similar ash handling equipment that transfer the ash to final disposal, including all ash handling systems that are connected to the bottom ash handling system; and
(iii) The combustor water system, which starts at the feed water pump and ends at the piping exiting the steam drum or superheater.
(3) The municipal waste combustor unit does not include air pollution control equipment, the stack, water treatment equipment, or the turbine-generator set.
Municipal waste combustor acid gases means all acid gases emitted in the exhaust gases from municipal waste combustor units including, but not limited to, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride gases.
Municipal waste combustor metals means metals and metal compounds emitted in the exhaust gases from municipal waste combustor units.
Municipal waste combustor organics means organic compounds emitted in the exhaust gases from municipal waste combustor units and includes tetra-through octa- chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
Municipal waste combustor plant means one or more affected facilities (as defined in § 60.50b) at the same location.
Municipal waste combustor unit capacity means the maximum charging rate of a municipal waste combustor unit expressed in tons per day of municipal solid waste combusted, calculated according to the procedures under § 60.58b(j). Section 60.58b(j) includes procedures for determining municipal waste combustor unit capacity for continuous and batch feed municipal waste combustors.
Municipal waste combustor unit load means the steam load of the municipal waste combustor unit measured as specified in § 60.58b(i)(6).
Particulate matter means total particulate matter emitted from municipal waste combustor units as measured by EPA Reference Method 5 (see § 60.58b(c)).
Plastics/rubber recycling unit means an integrated processing unit where plastics, rubber, and/or rubber tires are the only feed materials (incidental contaminants may be included in the feed materials) and they are processed into a chemical plant feedstock or petroleum refinery feedstock, where the feedstock is marketed to and used by a chemical plant or petroleum refinery as input feedstock. The combined weight of the chemical plant feedstock and petroleum refinery feedstock produced by the plastics/rubber recycling unit on a calendar quarter basis shall be more than 70 percent of the combined weight of the plastics, rubber, and rubber tires processed by the plastics/rubber recycling unit on a calendar quarter basis. The plastics, rubber, and/or rubber tire feed materials to the plastics/rubber recycling unit may originate from the separation or diversion of plastics, rubber, or rubber tires from MSW or industrial solid waste, and may include manufacturing scraps, trimmings, and off-specification plastics, rubber, and rubber tire discards. The plastics, rubber, and rubber tire feed materials to the plastics/rubber recycling unit may contain incidental contaminants (e.g., paper labels on plastic bottles, metal rings on plastic bottle caps, etc.).
Potential hydrogen chloride emission concentration means the hydrogen chloride emission concentration that would occur from combustion of municipal solid waste in the absence of any emission controls for municipal waste combustor acid gases.
Potential mercury emission concentration means the mercury emission concentration that would occur from combustion of municipal solid waste in the absence of any mercury emissions control.
Potential sulfur dioxide emissions means the sulfur dioxide emission concentration that would occur from combustion of municipal solid waste in the absence of any emission controls for municipal waste combustor acid gases.
Pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel mixed fuel-fired combustor means a combustor that fires coal and refuse-derived fuel simultaneously, in which pulverized coal is introduced into an air stream that carries the coal to the combustion chamber of the unit where it is fired in suspension. This includes both conventional pulverized coal and micropulverized coal.
Pyrolysis/combustion unit means a unit that produces gases, liquids, or solids through the heating of municipal solid waste, and the gases, liquids, or solids produced are combusted and emissions vented to the atmosphere.
Reconstruction means rebuilding a municipal waste combustor unit for which the reconstruction commenced after June 19, 1996, and the cumulative costs of the construction over the life of the unit exceed 50 percent of the original cost of construction and installation of the unit (not including any cost of land purchased in connection with such construction or installation) updated to current costs (current dollars).
Refractory unit or refractory wall furnace means a combustion unit having no energy recovery (e.g., via a waterwall) in the furnace (i.e., radiant heat transfer section) of the combustor.
Refuse-derived fuel means a type of municipal solid waste produced by processing municipal solid waste through shredding and size classification. This includes all classes of refuse-derived fuel including low-density fluff refuse-derived fuel through densified refuse-derived fuel and pelletized refuse-derived fuel.
Refuse-derived fuel stoker means a steam generating unit that combusts refuse-derived fuel in a semisuspension firing mode using air-fed distributors.
Same location means the same or contiguous property that is under common ownership or control including properties that are separated only by a street, road, highway, or other public right-of-way. Common ownership or control includes properties that are owned, leased, or operated by the same entity, parent entity, subsidiary, subdivision, or any combination thereof including any municipality or other governmental unit, or any quasi-governmental authority (e.g., a public utility district or regional waste disposal authority).
Second calendar half means the period starting July 1 and ending on December 31 in any year.
Shift supervisor means the person who is in direct charge and control of the operation of a municipal waste combustor and who is responsible for onsite supervision, technical direction, management, and overall performance of the facility during an assigned shift.
Spreader stoker coal/refuse-derived fuel mixed fuel-fired combustor means a combustor that fires coal and refuse-derived fuel simultaneously, in which coal is introduced to the combustion zone by a mechanism that throws the fuel onto a grate from above. Combustion takes place both in suspension and on the grate.
Standard conditions means a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 101.3 kilopascals.
Total mass dioxin/furan or total mass means the total mass of tetra- through octa- chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, as determined using EPA Reference Method 23 and the procedures specified under § 60.58b(g).
Tumbling-tile means a grate tile hinged at one end and attached to a ram at the other end. When the ram extends, the grate tile rotates around the hinged end.
Twenty-four hour daily average or 24-hour daily average means either the arithmetic mean or geometric mean (as specified) of all hourly emission concentrations when the affected facility is operating and combusting municipal solid waste measured over a 24-hour period between 12:00 midnight and the following midnight.
Untreated lumber means wood or wood products that have been cut or shaped and include wet, air-dried, and kiln-dried wood products. Untreated lumber does not include wood products that have been painted, pigment-stained, or “pressure-treated.” Pressure-treating compounds include, but are not limited to, chromate copper arsenate, pentachlorophenol, and creosote.
Waterwall furnace means a combustion unit having energy (heat) recovery in the furnace (i.e., radiant heat transfer section) of the combustor.
Yard waste means grass, grass clippings, bushes, shrubs, and clippings from bushes and shrubs that are generated by residential, commercial/retail, institutional, and/or industrial sources as part of maintenance activities associated with yards or other private or public lands. Yard waste does not include construction, renovation, and demolition wastes, which are exempt from the definition of municipal solid waste in this section. Yard waste does not include clean wood, which is exempt from the definition of municipal solid waste in this section.
§ 60.52b   Standards for municipal waste combustor metals, acid gases, organics, and nitrogen oxides.
(a) The limits for municipal waste combustor metals are specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section.
(1) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain particulate matter in excess of the limits specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (a)(1)(ii) of this section.
(i) For affected facilities that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction after September 20, 1994, and on or before December 19, 2005, the emission limit is 24 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter, corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
(ii) For affected facilities that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction after December 19, 2005, the emission limit is 20 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter, corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
(2) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that exhibit greater than 10 percent opacity (6-minute average).
(3) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain cadmium in excess of the limits specified in paragraph (a)(3)(i) or (a)(3)(ii) of this section.
(i) For affected facilities that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction after September 20, 1994, and on or before December 19, 2005, the emission limit is 20 micrograms per dry standard cubic meter, corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
(ii) For affected facilities that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction after December 19, 2005, the emission limit is 10 micrograms per dry standard cubic meter, corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
(4) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from the affected facility any gases that contain lead in excess of the limits specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i) or (a)(4)(ii) of this section.
(i) For affected facilities that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction after September 20, 1994, and on or before December 19, 2005, the emission limit is 200 micrograms per dry standard cubic meter, corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
(ii) For affected facilities that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction after December 19, 2005, the emission limit is 140 micrograms per dry standard cubic meter, corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
(5) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from the affected facility any gases that contain mercury in excess of the limits specified in paragraph (a)(5)(i) or (a)(5)(ii) of this section.
(i) For affected facilities that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction after September 20, 1994 and on or before December 19, 2005, the emission limit is 80 micrograms per dry standard cubic meter or 15 percent of the potential mercury emission concentration (85-percent reduction by weight), corrected to 7 percent oxygen, whichever is less stringent.
(ii) For affected facilities that commenced construction, modification, or reconstruction after December 19, 2005, the emission limit is 50 micrograms per dry standard cubic meter, or 15 percent of the potential mercury emission concentration (85-percent reduction by weight), corrected to 7 percent oxygen, whichever is less stringent.
(b) The limits for municipal waste combustor acid gases are specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section.
(1) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain sulfur dioxide in excess of 30 parts per million by volume or 20 percent of the potential sulfur dioxide emission concentration (80-percent reduction by weight or volume), corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis), whichever is less stringent. The averaging time is specified under § 60.58b(e).
(2) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain hydrogen chloride in excess of 25 parts per million by volume or 5 percent of the potential hydrogen chloride emission concentration (95-percent reduction by weight or volume), corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis), whichever is less stringent.
(c) The limits for municipal waste combustor organics are specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section.
(1) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility for which construction, modification or reconstruction commences on or before November 20, 1997 shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain dioxin/furan emissions that exceed 30 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter (total mass), corrected to 7 percent oxygen, for the first 3 years following the date of initial startup. After the first 3 years following the date of initial startup, no owner or operator shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain dioxin/furan total mass emissions that exceed 13 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter (total mass), corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
(2) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility for which construction, modification, or reconstruction commences after November 20, 1997 shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain dioxin/furan total mass emissions that exceed 13 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter (total mass), corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
(d) The limits for nitrogen oxides are specified in paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) of this section.
(1) During the first year of operation after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain nitrogen oxides in excess of 180 parts per million by volume, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis). The averaging time is specified under § 60.58b(h).
(2) After the first year of operation following the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain nitrogen oxides in excess of 150 parts per million by volume, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis). The averaging time is specified under § 60.58b(h).
§ 60.53b   Standards for municipal waste combustor operating practices.
(a) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that affected facility any gases that contain carbon monoxide in excess of the emission limits specified in table 1 of this subpart.
Table 1—Municipal Waste Combustor Operating Standards
a Measured at the combustor outlet in conjunction with a measurement of oxygen concentration, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis). The averaging times are specified in greater detail in § 60.58b(i).
b Averaging times are 4-hour or 24-hour block averages.
(b) No owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause such facility to operate at a load level greater than 110 percent of the maximum demonstrated municipal waste combustor unit load as defined in § 60.51b, except as specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section. The averaging time is specified under § 60.58b(i).
(1) During the annual dioxin/furan or mercury performance test and the 2 weeks preceding the annual dioxin/furan or mercury performance test, no municipal waste combustor unit load limit is applicable if the provisions of paragraph (b)(2) of this section are met.
(2) The municipal waste combustor unit load limit may be waived in writing by the Administrator for the purpose of evaluating system performance, testing new technology or control technologies, diagnostic testing, or related activities for the purpose of improving facility performance or advancing the state-of-the-art for controlling facility emissions. The municipal waste combustor unit load limit continues to apply, and remains enforceable, until and unless the Administrator grants the waiver.
(c) No owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause such facility to operate at a temperature, measured at the particulate matter control device inlet, exceeding 17 °C above the maximum demonstrated particulate matter control device temperature as defined in § 60.51b, except as specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section. The averaging time is specified under § 60.58b(i). The requirements specified in this paragraph apply to each particulate matter control device utilized at the affected facility.
(1) During the annual dioxin/furan or mercury performance test and the 2 weeks preceding the annual dioxin/furan or mercury performance test, no particulate matter control device temperature limitations are applicable if the provisions of paragraph (b)(2) of this section are met.
(2) The particulate matter control device temperature limits may be waived in writing by the Administrator for the purpose of evaluating system performance, testing new technology or control technologies, diagnostic testing, or related activities for the purpose of improving facility performance or advancing the state-of-the-art for controlling facility emissions. The temperature limits continue to apply, and remain enforceable, until and unless the Administrator grants the waiver.
(d) Paragraph (m)(2) of § 60.58b addresses treatment of activated carbon injection rate during dioxin/furan or mercury testing.
§ 60.54b   Standards for municipal waste combustor operator training and certification.
(a) No later than the date 6 months after the date of startup of an affected facility or on December 19, 1996, whichever is later, each chief facility operator and shift supervisor shall obtain and maintain a current provisional operator certification from either the American Society of Mechanical Engineers [QRO-1-1994 (incorporated by reference—see § 60.17 of subpart A of this part)] or a State certification program.
(b) Not later than the date 6 months after the date of startup of an affected facility or on December 19, 1996, whichever is later, each chief facility operator and shift supervisor shall have completed full certification or shall have scheduled a full certification exam with either the American Society of Mechanical Engineers [QRO-1-1994 (incorporated by reference—see § 60.17 of subpart A of this part)] or a State certification program.
(c) No owner or operator of an affected facility shall allow the facility to be operated at any time unless one of the following persons is on duty and at the affected facility: A fully certified chief facility operator, a provisionally certified chief facility operator who is scheduled to take the full certification exam according to the schedule specified in paragraph (b) of this section, a fully certified shift supervisor, or a provisionally certified shift supervisor who is scheduled to take the full certification exam according to the schedule specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
(1) The requirement specified in paragraph (c) of this section shall take effect 6 months after the date of startup of the affected facility or on December 19, 1996, whichever is later.
(2) If both the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are unavailable, a provisionally certified control room operator on site at the municipal waste combustion unit may fulfill the certified operator requirement. Depending on the length of time that a certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are away, the owner or operator of the affected facility must meet one of three criteria:
(i) When the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are both off site for 12 hours or less, and no other certified operator is on site, the provisionally certified control room operator may perform the duties of the certified chief facility operator or certified shift supervisor.
(ii) When the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are off site for more than 12 hours, but for two weeks or less, and no other certified operator is on site, the provisionally certified control room operator may perform the duties of the certified chief facility operator or certified shift supervisor without notice to, or approval by, the Administrator. However, the owner or operator of the affected facility must record the period when the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are off site and include that information in the annual report as specified under § 60.59b(g)(5).
(iii) When the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are off site for more than two weeks, and no other certified operator is on site, the provisionally certified control room operator may perform the duties of the certified chief facility operator or certified shift supervisor without approval by the Administrator. However, the owner or operator of the affected facility must take two actions:
(A) Notify the Administrator in writing. In the notice, state what caused the absence and what actions are being taken by the owner or operator of the facility to ensure that a certified chief facility operator or certified shift supervisor is on site as expeditiously as practicable.
(B) Submit a status report and corrective action summary to the Administrator every four weeks following the initial notification. If the Administrator provides notice that the status report or corrective action summary is disapproved, the municipal waste combustion unit may continue operation for 90 days, but then must cease operation. If corrective actions are taken in the 90-day period such that the Administrator withdraws the disapproval, municipal waste combustion unit operation may continue.
(3) A provisionally certified operator who is newly promoted or recently transferred to a shift supervisor position or a chief facility operator position at the municipal waste combustion unit may perform the duties of the certified chief facility operator or certified shift supervisor without notice to, or approval by, the Administrator for up to six months before taking the ASME QRO certification exam.
(d) All chief facility operators, shift supervisors, and control room operators at affected facilities must complete the EPA or State municipal waste combustor operator training course no later than the date 6 months after the date of startup of the affected facility or by December 19, 1996, whichever is later.
(e) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall develop and update on a yearly basis a site-specific operating manual that shall, at a minimum, address the elements of municipal waste combustor unit operation specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(11) of this section.
(1) A summary of the applicable standards under this subpart;
(2) A description of basic combustion theory applicable to a municipal waste combustor unit;
(3) Procedures for receiving, handling, and feeding municipal solid waste;
(4) Municipal waste combustor unit startup, shutdown, and malfunction procedures;
(5) Procedures for maintaining proper combustion air supply levels;
(6) Procedures for operating the municipal waste combustor unit within the standards established under this subpart;
(7) Procedures for responding to periodic upset or off-specification conditions;
(8) Procedures for minimizing particulate matter carryover;
(9) Procedures for handling ash;
(10) Procedures for monitoring municipal waste combustor unit emissions; and
(11) Reporting and recordkeeping procedures.
(f) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall establish a training program to review the operating manual according to the schedule specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section with each person who has responsibilities affecting the operation of an affected facility including, but not limited to, chief facility operators, shift supervisors, control room operators, ash handlers, maintenance personnel, and crane/load handlers.
(1) Each person specified in paragraph (f) of this section shall undergo initial training no later than the date specified in paragraph (f)(1)(i), (f)(1)(ii), or (f)(1)(iii) of this section whichever is later.
(i) The date 6 months after the date of startup of the affected facility;
(ii) The date prior to the day the person assumes responsibilities affecting municipal waste combustor unit operation; or
(iii) December 19, 1996.
(2) Annually, following the initial review required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section.
(g) The operating manual required by paragraph (e) of this section shall be kept in a readily accessible location for all persons required to undergo training under paragraph (f) of this section. The operating manual and records of training shall be available for inspection by the EPA or its delegated enforcement agency upon request.
§ 60.55b   Standards for municipal waste combustor fugitive ash emissions.
(a) On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, no owner or operator of an affected facility shall cause to be discharged to the atmosphere visible emissions of combustion ash from an ash conveying system (including conveyor transfer points) in excess of 5 percent of the observation period (i.e., 9 minutes per 3-hour period), as determined by EPA Reference Method 22 observations as specified in § 60.58b(k), except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(b) The emission limit specified in paragraph (a) of this section does not cover visible emissions discharged inside buildings or enclosures of ash conveying systems; however, the emission limit specified in paragraph (a) of this section does cover visible emissions discharged to the atmosphere from buildings or enclosures of ash conveying systems.
(c) The provisions specified in paragraph (a) of this section do not apply during maintenance and repair of ash conveying systems.
§ 60.56b   Standards for air curtain incinerators.
On and after the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, the owner or operator of an air curtain incinerator with the capacity to combust greater than 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste and that combusts a fuel feed stream composed of 100 percent yard waste and no other municipal solid waste materials shall at no time cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from that incinerator any gases that exhibit greater than 10-percent opacity (6-minute average), except that an opacity level of up to 35 percent (6-minute average) is permitted during startup periods during the first 30 minutes of operation of the unit.
§ 60.57b   Siting requirements.
(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall prepare a materials separation plan, as defined in § 60.51b, for the affected facility and its service area, and shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(10) of this section. The initial application is defined as representing a good faith submittal as determined by EPA.
(1) The owner or operator shall prepare a preliminary draft materials separation plan and shall make the plan available to the public as specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator shall distribute the preliminary draft materials separation plan to the principal public libraries in the area where the affected facility is to be constructed.
(ii) The owner or operator shall publish a notification of a public meeting in the principal newspaper(s) serving the area where the affected facility is to be constructed and where the waste treated by the affected facility will primarily be collected. As a minimum, the notification shall include the information specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(A) through (a)(1)(ii)(D) of this section.
(A) The date, time, and location of the public meeting.
(B) The location of the public libraries where the preliminary draft materials separation plan may be found, including normal business hours of the libraries.
(C) An agenda of the issues to be discussed at the public meeting.
(D) The dates that the public comment period on the preliminary draft materials separation plan begins and ends.
(2) The owner or operator shall conduct a public meeting, accept comments on the preliminary draft materials separation plan, and comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (a)(2)(iv) of this section.
(i) The public meeting shall be conducted in the county where the affected facility is to be located.
(ii) The public meeting shall be scheduled to occur 30 days or more after making the preliminary draft materials separation plan available to the public as specified under paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(iii) Suggested issues to be addressed at the public meeting are listed in paragraphs (a)(2)(iii)(A) through (a)(2)(iii)(H) of this section.
(A) The expected size of the service area for the affected facility.
(B) The amount of waste generation anticipated for the service area.
(C) The types and estimated amounts of materials proposed for separation.
(D) The methods proposed for materials separation.
(E) The amount of residual waste to be disposed.
(F) Alternate disposal methods for handling the residual waste.
(G) Identification of the location(s) where responses to public comment on the preliminary draft materials separation plan will be available for inspection, as specified in paragraphs (a)(3) and (a)(4) of this section.
(H) Identification of the locations where the final draft materials separation plan will be available for inspection, as specified in paragraph (a)(7).
(iv) Nothing in this section shall preclude an owner or operator from combining this public meeting with any other public meeting required as part of any other Federal, State, or local permit review process except the public meeting required under paragraph (b)(4) of this section.
(3) Following the public meeting required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the owner or operator shall prepare responses to the comments received at the public meeting.
(4) The owner or operator shall make the document summarizing responses to public comments available to the public (including distribution to the principal public libraries used to announce the meeting) in the service area where the affected facility is to be located.
(5) The owner or operator shall prepare a final draft materials separation plan for the affected facility considering the public comments received at the public meeting.
(6) As required under § 60.59b(a), the owner or operator shall submit to EPA a copy of the notification of the public meeting, a transcript of the public meeting, the document summarizing responses to public comments, and copies of both the preliminary and final draft materials separation plans on or before the time the facility's application for a construction permit is submitted under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52, as applicable.
(7) As part of the distribution of the siting analysis required under paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the owner or operator shall make the final draft materials separation plan required under paragraph (a)(5) of this section available to the public, as specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
(8) As part of the public meeting for review of the siting analysis required under paragraph (b)(4) of this section, the owner or operator shall address questions concerning the final draft materials separation plan required by paragraph (a)(5) of this section including discussion of how the final draft materials separation plan has changed from the preliminary draft materials separation plan that was discussed at the first public meeting required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(9) If the owner or operator receives any comments on the final draft materials separation plan during the public meeting required in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, the owner or operator shall respond to those comments in the document prepared in accordance with paragraph (b)(5) of this section.
(10) The owner or operator shall prepare a final materials separation plan and shall submit, as required under § 60.59b(b)(5)(ii), the final materials separation plan as part of the initial notification of construction.
(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility for which the initial application for a construction permit under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52, as applicable, is submitted after December 19, 1995 shall prepare a siting analysis in accordance with paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section and shall comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(3) through (b)(7) of this section.
(1) The siting analysis shall be an analysis of the impact of the affected facility on ambient air quality, visibility, soils, and vegetation.
(2) The analysis shall consider air pollution control alternatives that minimize, on a site-specific basis, to the maximum extent practicable, potential risks to the public health or the environment.
(3) The owner or operator shall make the siting analysis and final draft materials separation plan required by paragraph (a)(5) of this section available to the public as specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (b)(3)(ii) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator shall distribute the siting analysis and final draft materials separation plan to the principal public libraries in the area where the affected facility is to be constructed.
(ii) The owner or operator shall publish a notification of a public meeting in the principal newspaper(s) serving the area where the affected facility is to be constructed and where the waste treated by the affected facility will primarily be collected. As a minimum, the notification shall include the information specified in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii)(A) through (b)(3)(ii)(D) of this section.
(A) The date, time, and location of the public meeting.
(B) The location of the public libraries where the siting analyses and final draft materials separation plan may be found, including normal business hours.
(C) An agenda of the issues to be discussed at the public meeting.
(D) The dates that the public comment period on the siting analyses and final draft materials separation plan begins and ends.
(4) The owner or operator shall conduct a public meeting and accept comments on the siting analysis and the final draft materials separation plan required under paragraph (a)(5) of this section. The public meeting shall be conducted in the county where the affected facility is to be located and shall be scheduled to occur 30 days or more after making the siting analysis available to the public as specified under paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
(5) The owner or operator shall prepare responses to the comments on the siting analysis and the final draft materials separation plan that are received at the public meeting.
(6) The owner or operator shall make the document summarizing responses to public comments available to the public (including distribution to all public libraries) in the service area where the affected facility is to be located.
(7) As required under § 60.59b(b)(5), the owner or operator shall submit a copy of the notification of the public meeting, a transcript of the public meeting, the document summarizing responses to public comments, and the siting analysis as part of the initial notification of construction.
(c) The owner or operator of an affected facility for which construction is commenced after September 20, 1994 shall prepare a siting analysis in accordance with 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52, as applicable, and shall submit the siting analysis as part of the initial notification of construction. Affected facilities subject to paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section are not subject to this paragraph.