Title 30—Mineral Resources--Volume 1
PART 57—SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS—UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES
§ 57.14105   Procedures during repairs or maintenance.
Repairs or maintenance on machinery or equipment shall be performed only after the power is off, and the machinery or equipment blocked against hazardous motion. Machinery or equipment motion or activation is permitted to the extent that adjustments or testing cannot be performed without motion or activation, provided that persons are effectively protected from hazardous motion.
§ 57.14106   Falling object protection.
(a) Fork-lift trucks, front-end loaders, and bulldozers shall be provided with falling object protective structures if used in an area where falling objects could create a hazard to the operator.
(b) The protective structure shall be capable of withstanding the falling object loads to which it could be subjected.
§ 57.14107   Moving machine parts.
(a) Moving machine parts shall be guarded to protect persons from contacting gears, sprockets, chains, drive, head, tail, and takeup pulleys, flywheels, coupling, shafts, fan blades; and similar moving parts that can cause injury.
(b) Guards shall not be required where the exposed moving parts are at least seven feet away from walking or working surfaces.
§ 57.14108   Overhead drive belts.
Overhead drive belts shall be guarded to contain the whipping action of a broken belt if that action could be hazardous to persons.
§ 57.14109   Unguarded conveyors with adjacent travelways.
Unguarded conveyors next to travelways shall be equipped with—
(a) Emergency stop devices which are located so that a person falling on or against the conveyor can readily deactivate the conveyor drive motor; or
(b) Railings which—
(1) Are positioned to prevent persons from falling on or against the conveyor;
(2) Will be able to withstand the vibration, shock, and wear to which they will be subjected during normal operation; and
(3) Are constructed and maintained so that they will not create a hazard.
§ 57.14110   Flying or falling materials.
In areas where flying or falling materials generated from the operation of screens, crushers, or conveyors present a hazard, guards, shields, or other devices that provide protection against such flying or falling materials shall be provided to protect persons.
§ 57.14111   Slusher, backlash guards and securing.
(a) When persons are exposed to slushing operations, the slushers shall be equipped with rollers and drum covers and anchored securely before slushing operations are started to protect against hazardous movement before slushing operations are started.
(b) Slushers rated over 10 horsepower shall be equipped with backlash guards, unless the equipment operator is otherwise protected.
(c) This standard does not apply to air tuggers of 10 horsepower or less that have only one cable and one drum.
§ 57.14112   Construction and maintenance of guards.
(a) Guards shall be constructed and maintained to—
(1) Withstand the vibration, shock, and wear to which they will be subjected during normal operation; and
(2) Not create a hazard by their use.
(b) Guards shall be securely in place while machinery is being operated, except when testing or making adjustments which cannot be performed without removal of the guard.
§ 57.14113   Inclined conveyors: backstops or brakes.
Backstops or brakes shall be installed on drive units of inclined conveyors to prevent the conveyors from running in reverse, creating a hazard to persons.
§ 57.14114   Air valves for pneumatic equipment.
A manual master quick-close type air valve shall be installed on all pneumatic-powered equipment if there is a hazard of uncontrolled movement when the air supply is activated. The valve shall be closed except when the equipment is being operated.
§ 57.14115   Stationary grinding machines.
Stationary grinding machines, other than special bit grinders, shall be equipped with—
(a) Peripheral hoods capable of withstanding the force of a bursting wheel and enclosing not less than 270°—of the periphery of the wheel;
(b) Adjustable tool rests set so that the distance between the grinding surface of the wheel and the tool rest is not greater than 1/8 inch; and
(c) A safety washer on each side of the wheel.
§ 57.14116   Hand-held power tools.
(a) Power drills, disc sanders, grinders and circular and chain saws, when used in the hand-held mode shall be operated with controls which require constant hand or finger pressure.
(b) Circular saws and chain saws shall not be equipped with devices which lock-on the operating controls.
§ 57.14130   Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) and seat belts for surface equipment.
(a) Equipment included. Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) and seat belts shall be installed on—
(1) Crawler tractors and crawler loaders;
(2) Graders;
(3) Wheel loaders and wheel tractors;
(4) The tractor portion of semi-mounted scrapers, dumpers, water wagons, bottom-dump wagons, rear-dump wagons, and towed fifth wheel attachments;
(5) Skid-steer loaders; and
(6) Agricultural tractors.
(b) ROPS construction. ROPS shall meet the requirements of the following Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) publications, as applicable, which are incorporated by reference:
(1) SAE J1040, “Performance Criteria for Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Construction, Earthmoving, Forestry, and Mining Machines,”, 1986; or
(2) SAE J1194, “Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors”, 1983.
(c) ROPS labeling. ROPS shall have a label permanently affixed to the structure identifying—
(1) The manufacturer's name and address;
(2) The ROPS model number; and
(3) The make and model number of the equipment for which the ROPS is designed.
(d) ROPS installation. ROPS shall be installed on the equipment in accordance with the recommendations of the ROPS manufacturer.
(e) ROPS maintenance. (1) ROPS shall be maintained in a condition that meets the performance requirements applicable to the equipment. If the ROPS is subjected to a roll-over or abnormal structural loading, the equipment manufacturer or a registered professional engineer with knowledge and experience in ROPS design shall recertify that the ROPS meets the applicable performance requirements before it is returned to service.
(2) Alterations or repairs on ROPS shall be performed only with approval from the ROPS manufacturer or under the instructions of a registered professional engineer with knowledge and experience in ROPS design. The manufacturer or engineer shall certify that the ROPS meets the applicable performance requirements.
(f) Exemptions. (1) This standard does not apply to—
(i) Self-propelled mobile equipment manufactured prior to July 1, 1969;
(ii) Over-the-road type tractors that pull trailers or vans on highways;
(iii) Equipment that is only operated by remote control; and
(2) Self-propelled mobile equipment manufactured prior to October 24, 1988, that is equipped with ROPS and seat belts that meet the installation and performance requirements of 30 CFR 57.9088 (1986 edition) shall be considered in compliance with paragraphs (b) and (h) of this section.
(g) Wearing seat belts. Seat belts shall be worn by the equipment operator except that when operating graders from a standing position, the grader operator shall wear safety lines and a harness in place of a seat belt.
(h) Seat belts construction. Seat belts required under this section shall meet the requirement of SAE J386, “Operator Restraint System for Off-Road Work Machines” (1985, 1993, or 1997), or SAE J1194, “Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors” (1983, 1989, 1994, or 1999), as applicable, which are incorporated by reference.
(i) Seat belt maintenance. Seat belts shall be maintained in functional condition, and replaced when necessary to assure proper performance.
(j) Publications. The incorporation by reference of these publications is approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of these publications may be examined at any Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health District Office; at MSHA's Office of Standards, Regulations, and Variances, 201 12th Street South, Arlington, VA 22202-5452; 202-693-9440; or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. Copies may be purchased from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001; 724-776-4841; http://www.sae.org.
§ 57.14131   Seat belts for surface haulage trucks.
(a) Seat belts shall be provided and worn in haulage trucks.
(b) Seat belts shall be maintained in functional condition, and replaced when necessary to assure proper performance.
(c) Seat belts required under this section shall meet the requirements of SAE J386, “Operator Restraint System for Off-Road Work Machines” (1985, 1993, or 1997), which are incorporated by reference.
(d) The incorporation by reference of these publications is approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of these publications may be examined at any Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health District Office; at MSHA's Office of Standards, Regulations, and Variances, 201 12th Street South, Arlington, VA 22202-5452; 202-693-9440; or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. Copies may be purchased from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001; 724-776-4841; http://www.sae.org.
§ 57.14132   Horns and backup alarms for surface equipment.
(a) Manually-operated horns or other audible warning devices provided on self-propelled mobile equipment as a safety device shall be maintained in a functional condition.
(b)(1) When the operator has an obstructed view to the rear, self-propelled mobile equipment shall have—
(i) An automatic reverse-activated signal alarm;
(ii) A wheel-mounted bell alarm which sounds at least once for each three feet of reverse movement;
(iii) A discriminating backup alarm that covers the area of obstructed view; or
(iv) An observer to signal when it is safe to back up.
(2) Alarms shall be audible above the surrounding noise level.
(3) An automatic reverse-activated strobe light may be used at night in lieu of an audible reverse alarm.
(c) This standard does not apply to rail equipment.
§ 57.14160   Mantrip trolley wire hazards underground.
Mantrips shall be covered if there is danger of persons contacting the trolley wire.
§ 57.14161   Makeshift couplings.
Couplings used on underground rail equipment shall be designed for that equipment, except that makeshift couplings may be used to move disabled rail equipment for repairs if no hazard to persons is created.
§ 57.14162   Trip lights.
On underground rail haulage, trip lights shall be used on the rear of pulled trips and on the front of pushed trips.
§ 57.14200   Warnings prior to starting or moving equipment.
Before starting crushers or moving self-propelled mobile equipment, equipment operators shall sound a warning that is audible above the surrounding noise level or use other effective means to warn all persons who could be exposed to a hazard from the equipment.
§ 57.14201   Conveyor start-up warnings.
(a) When the entire length of a conveyor is visible from the starting switch, the conveyor operator shall visually check to make certain that all persons are in the clear before starting the conveyor.
(b) When the entire length of the conveyor is not visible from the starting switch, a system which provides visible or audible warning shall be installed and operated to warn persons that the conveyor will be started. Within 30 seconds after the warning is given, the conveyor shall be started or a second warning shall be given.
§ 57.14202   Manual cleaning of conveyor pulleys.
Pulleys of conveyors shall not be cleaned manually while the conveyor is in motion.
§ 57.14203   Application of belt dressing.
Belt dressings shall not be applied manually while belts are in motion unless a pressurized-type applicator is used that allows the dressing to be applied from outside the guards.
§ 57.14204   Machinery lubrication.
Machinery or equipment shall not be lubricated manually while it is in motion where application of the lubricant may expose persons to injury.
§ 57.14205   Machinery, equipment, and tools.
Machinery, equipment, and tools shall not be used beyond the design capacity intended by the manufacturer, where such use may create a hazard to persons.
§ 57.14206   Securing movable parts.
(a) When moving mobile equipment between workplaces, booms, forks, buckets, beds, and similar movable parts of the equipment shall be positioned in the travel mode and, if required for safe travel, mechanically secured.
(b) When mobile equipment is unattended or not in use, dippers, buckets and scraper blades shall be lowered to the ground. Other movable parts, such as booms, shall be mechanically secured or positioned to prevent movement which would create a hazard to persons.
§ 57.14207   Parking procedures for unattended equipment.
Mobile equipment shall not be left unattended unless the controls are placed in the park position and the parking brake, if provided, is set. When parked on a grade, the wheels or tracks of mobile equipment shall be either chocked or turned into a bank or rib.
§ 57.14208   Warning devices.
(a) Visible warning devices shall be used when parked mobile equipment creates a hazard to persons in other mobile equipment.
(b) Mobile equipment, other than forklifts, carrying loads that project beyond the sides or more than four feet beyond the rear of the equipment shall have a warning flag at the end of the projection. Under conditions of limited visibility these loads shall have a warning light at the end of the projection. Such flags or lights shall be attached to the end of the projection or be carried by persons walking beside or behind the projection.
§ 57.14209   Safety procedures for towing.
(a) A properly sized tow bar or other effective means of control shall be used to tow mobile equipment.
(b) Unless steering and braking are under the control of the equipment operator on the towed equipment, a safety chain or wire rope capable of withstanding the loads to which it could be subjected shall be used in conjunction with any primary rigging.
(c) This provision does not apply to rail equipment.
§ 57.14210   Movement of dippers, buckets, loading booms, or suspended loads.
(a) Dippers, buckets, loading booms, or suspended loads shall not be swung over the operators' stations of self-propelled mobile equipment until the equipment operator is out of the operator's station and in a safe location.
(b) This section does not apply when the equipment is specifically designed to protect the equipment operator from falling objects.
§ 57.14211   Blocking equipment in a raised position.
(a) Persons shall not work on top of, under, or work from mobile equipment in a raised position until the equipment has been blocked or mechanically secured to prevent it from rolling or falling accidentally.
(b) Persons shall not work on top of, under, or work from a raised component of mobile equipment until the component has been blocked or mechanically secured to prevent accidental lowering. The equipment must also be blocked or secured to prevent rolling.
(c) A raised component must be secured to prevent accidental lowering when persons are working on or around mobile equipment and are exposed to the hazard of accidental lowering of the component.
(d) Under this section, a raised component of mobile equipment is considered to be blocked or mechanically secured if provided with a functional load-locking device or devices which prevent free and uncontrolled descent.
(e) Blocking or mechanical securing of the raised component is required during repair or maintenance of elevated mobile work platforms.
§ 57.14212   Chains, ropes, and drive belts.
Chains, ropes, and drive belts shall be guided mechanically onto moving pulleys, sprockets, or drums except where equipment is designed specifically for hand feeding.
§ 57.14213   Ventilation and shielding for welding.
(a) Welding operations shall be shielded when performed at locations where arc flash could be hazardous to persons.
(b) All welding operations shall be well-ventilated.
§ 57.14214   Train warnings.
A warning that is audible above the surrounding noise level shall be sounded—
(a) Immediately prior to moving trains;
(b) When trains approach persons, crossing, other trains on adjacent tracks; and
(c) Any place where the train operator's vision is obscured.
§ 57.14215   Coupling or uncoupling cars.
Prior to coupling or uncoupling cars manually, trains shall be brought to a complete stop, and then moved at minimum tram speed until the coupling or uncoupling activity is completed. Coupling or uncoupling shall not be attempted from the inside of curves unless the railroad and cars are designed to eliminate hazards to persons.
§ 57.14216   Backpoling.
Backpoling of trolleys is prohibited except where there is inadequate clearance to reverse the trolley pole. Where backpoling is required, it shall be done only at the minimum tram speed of the trolley.
§ 57.14217   Securing parked railcars.
Parked railcars shall be blocked securely unless held effectively by brakes.
§ 57.14218   Movement of equipment on adjacent tracks.
When a locomotive on one track is used to move rail equipment on adjacent tracks, a chain, cable, or drawbar shall be used which is capable of withstanding the loads to which it could be subjected.
§ 57.14219   Brakeman signals.
When a train is under the direction of a brakeman and the train operator cannot clearly recognize the brakeman's signals, the train operator shall bring the train to a stop.
§ 57.15001   First aid materials.
Adequate first-aid materials, including stretchers and blankets shall be provided at places convenient to all working areas. Water or neutralizing agents shall be available where corrosive chemicals or other harmful substances are stored, handled, or used.
§ 57.15002   Hard hats.
All persons shall wear suitable hard hats when in or around a mine or plant where falling objects may create a hazard.
§ 57.15003   Protective footwear.
All persons shall wear suitable protective footwear when in or around an area of a mine or plant where a hazard exists which could cause an injury to the feet.
§ 57.15004   Eye protection.
All persons shall wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shields or other suitable protective devices when in or around an area of a mine or plant where a hazard exists which could cause injury to unprotected eyes.
§ 57.15005   Safety belts and lines.
Safety belts and lines shall be worn when persons work where there is danger of falling; a second person shall tend the lifeline when bins, tanks, or other dangerous areas are entered.
§ 57.15006   Protective equipment and clothing for hazards and irritants.
Special protective equipment and special protective clothing shall be provided, maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition and used whenever hazards of process or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants are encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment.
§ 57.15007   Protective equipment or clothing for welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.
Protective clothing or equipment and face shields or goggles shall be worn when welding, cutting, or working with molten metal.
§ 57.15014   Eye protection when operating grinding wheels.
Face shields or goggles in good condition shall be worn when operating a grinding wheel.
§ 57.15020   Life jackets and belts.
Life jackets or belts shall be worn where there is danger from falling into water.
§ 57.15030   Provision and maintenance of self-rescue devices.
A 1-hour self-rescue device approved by MSHA and NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84 shall be made available by the operator to all personnel underground. Each operator shall maintain self-rescue devices in good condition.
§ 57.15031   Location of self-rescue devices.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) and (c) of this section, self-rescue devices meeting the requirements of standard 57.15030 shall be worn or carried by all persons underground.
(b) Where the wearing or carrying of self-rescue devices meeting the requirements of standard 57.15030 is hazardous to a person, such self-rescue devices shall be located at a distance no greater than 25 feet from such person.
(c) Where a person works on or around mobile equipment, self-rescue devices may be placed in a readily accessible location on such equipment.
§ 57.16001   Stacking and storage of materials.
Supplies shall not be stacked or stored in a manner which creates tripping or fall-of-material hazards.
§ 57.16002   Bins, hoppers, silos, tanks, and surge piles.
(a) Bins, hoppers, silos, tanks, and surge piles, where loose unconsolidated materials are stored, handled or transferred shall be—
(1) Equipped with mechanical devices or other effective means of handling materials so that during normal operations persons are not required to enter or work where they are exposed to entrapment by the caving or sliding of materials; and
(2) Equipped with supply and discharge operating controls. The controls shall be located so that spills or overruns will not endanger persons.
(b) Where persons are required to move around or over any facility listed in this standard, suitable walkways or passageways shall be provided.
(c) Where persons are required to enter any facility listed in this standard for maintenance or inspection purposes, ladders, platforms, or staging shall be provided. No person shall enter the facility until the supply and discharge of materials have ceased and the supply and discharge equipment is locked out. Persons entering the facility shall wear a safety belt or harness equipped with a lifeline suitably fastened. A second person, similarly equipped, shall be stationed near where the lifeline is fastened and shall constantly adjust it or keep it tight as needed, with minimum slack.
§ 57.16003   Storage of hazardous materials.
Materials that can create hazards if accidentally liberated from their containers shall be stored in a manner that minimizes the dangers.
§ 57.16004   Containers for hazardous materials.
Containers holding hazardous materials must be of a type approved for such use by recognized agencies.
§ 57.16005   Securing gas cylinders.
Compressed and liquid gas cylinders shall be secured in a safe manner.
§ 57.16006   Protection of gas cylinder valves.
Valves on compressed gas cylinders shall be protected by covers when being transported or stored, and by a safe location when the cylinders are in use.
§ 57.16007   Taglines, hitches, and slings.
(a) Taglines shall be attached to loads that may require steadying or guidance while suspended.
(b) Hitches and slings used to hoist materials shall be suitable for the particular material handled.
§ 57.16009   Suspended loads.
Persons shall stay clear of suspended loads.
§ 57.16010   Dropping materials from overhead.
To protect personnel, material shall not be dropped from an overhead elevation until the drop area is first cleared of personnel and the area is then either guarded or a suitable warning is given.
§ 57.16011   Riding hoisted loads or on the hoist hook.
Persons shall not ride on loads being moved by cranes or derricks, nor shall they ride the hoisting hooks unless such method eliminates a greater hazard.
§ 57.16012   Storage of incompatible substances.
Chemical substances, including concentrated acids and alkalies, shall be stored to prevent inadvertent contact with each other or with other substances, where such contact could cause a violent reaction or the liberation of harmful fumes or gases.
§ 57.16013   Working with molten metal.
Suitable warning shall be given before molten metal is poured and before a container of molten metal is moved.
§ 57.16014   Operator-carrying overhead cranes.
Operator-carrying overhead cranes shall be provided with—
(a) Bumpers at each end of each rail;
(b) Automatic switches to halt uptravel of the blocks before they strike the hoist;
(c) Effective audible warning signals within easy reach of the operator; and
(d) A means to lock out the disconnect switch.
§ 57.16015   Work or travel on overhead crane bridges.
No person shall work from or travel on the bridge of an overhead crane unless the bridge is provided with substantial footwalks with toeboards and railings the length of the bridge.
§ 57.16016   Lift trucks.
Fork and other similar types of lift trucks shall be operated with the:
(a) Upright tilted back to steady and secure the load;
(b) Load in the upgrade position when ascending or descending grades in excess of 10 percent;
(c) Load not raised or lowered enroute except for minor adjustments; and
(d) Load-engaging device downgrade when traveling unloaded on all grades.
§ 57.16017   Hoisting heavy equipment or material.
Where the stretching or contraction of a hoist rope could create a hazard, chairs or other suitable blocking shall be used to support conveyances at shaft landings before heavy equipment or material is loaded or unloaded.
§ 57.17001   Illumination of surface working areas.
Illumination sufficient to provide safe working conditions shall be provided in and on all surface structures, paths, walkways, stairways, switch panels, loading and dumping sites, and working areas.
§ 57.17010   Electric lamps.
Individual electric lamps shall be carried for illumination by all persons underground.
§ 57.18002   Examination of working places.
(a) A competent person designated by the operator shall examine each working place at least once each shift before miners begin work in that place, for conditions that may adversely affect safety or health.
(1) The operator shall promptly notify miners in any affected areas of any conditions found that may adversely affect safety or health and promptly initiate appropriate action to correct such conditions.
(2) Conditions noted by the person conducting the examination that may present an imminent danger shall be brought to the immediate attention of the operator who shall withdraw all persons from the area affected (except persons referred to in section 104(c) of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977) until the danger is abated.
(b) A record of each examination shall be made before the end of the shift for which the examination was conducted. The record shall contain the name of the person conducting the examination; date of the examination; location of all areas examined; and description of each condition found that may adversely affect the safety or health of miners.
(c) When a condition that may adversely affect safety or health is corrected, the examination record shall include, or be supplemented to include, the date of the corrective action.
(d) The operator shall maintain the examination records for at least one year, make the records available for inspection by authorized representatives of the Secretary and the representatives of miners, and provide these representatives a copy on request.
§ 57.18006   New employees.
New employees shall be indoctrinated in safety rules and safe work procedures.
§ 57.18009   Designation of person in charge.
When persons are working at the mine, a competent person designated by the mine operator shall be in attendance to take charge in case of an emergency.
§ 57.18010   First aid.
An individual capable of providing first aid shall be available on all shifts. The individual shall be currently trained and have the skills to perform patient assessment and artificial respiration; control bleeding; and treat shock, wounds, burns, and musculoskeletal injuries. First aid training shall be made available to all interested miners.
§ 57.18012   Emergency telephone numbers.
Emergency telephone numbers shall be posted at appropriate telephones.
§ 57.18013   Emergency communications system.
A suitable communication system shall be provided at the mine to obtain assistance in the event of an emergency.
§ 57.18014   Emergency medical assistance and transportation.
Arrangements shall be made in advance for obtaining emergency medical assistance and transportation for injured persons.
§ 57.18020   Working alone.
No employee shall be assigned, or allowed, or be required to perform work alone in any area where hazardous conditions exist that would endanger his safety unless he can communicate with others, can be heard, or can be seen.
§ 57.18025   Working alone.
No employee shall be assigned, or allowed, or be required to perform work alone in any area where hazardous conditions exist that would endanger his safety unless his cries for help can be heard or he can be seen.
§ 57.18028   Mine emergency and self-rescuer training.
(a) On an annual basis, all persons who are required to go underground shall be instructed in the Mine Safety and Health Administration approved course contained in Bureau of Mines Instruction Guide 19, “Mine Emergency Training” (September 1972). The instruction shall be given by MSHA personnel or by persons who are certified by the District Manager of the area in which the mine is located.
(b) On an annual basis, all persons who go underground shall be instructed in the Mine Safety and Health Administration course contained in Bureau of Mines Instruction Guide 2, “MSA W-65 Self-Rescuer” (March 1972) or Bureau of Mines Instruction Guide 3, “Permissible Drager 810 Respirator for Self-Rescue” (March 1972). The instruction shall be given by MSHA personnel or by persons who are certified by the District Manager of the area in which the mine is located: Provided, however, That if a Mine Safety and Health Administration instructor or a certified instructor is not immediately available such instruction of new employees in self-rescuers may be conducted by qualified company personnel who are not certified, but who have obtained provisional approval from the District Manager. Any person who has not had self-rescuer instruction within 12 months immediately preceding going underground shall be instructed in the use of self-rescuers before going underground.
(c) All instructional material, handouts, visual aids, and other such teaching accessories used by the operator in the courses prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section shall be available for inspection by the Secretary or his authorized representative.
(d) Records of all instruction shall be kept at the mine site or nearest mine office at least 2 years from the date of instruction. Upon completion of such instruction, copies of the record shall be submitted to the District Manager.
(e) The Bureau of Mines instruction guides to which reference is made in items (a) and (b) of this standard are hereby incorporated by reference and made a part hereof. The incorporated instruction guides are available and shall be provided upon request made to any Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health district office.
§ 57.19000   Application.
(a) The hoisting standards in this subpart apply to those hoists and appurtenances used for hoisting persons. However, where persons may be endangered by hoists and appurtenances used solely for handling ore, rock, and materials, the appropriate standards should be applied.
(b) Standards 57.19021 through 57.19028 shall apply to wire ropes in service used to hoist—
(1) Persons in shafts and slopes underground;
(2) Persons with an incline hoist on the surface; or
(3) Loads in shaft or slope development when persons work below suspended loads.
(4) These standards do not apply to wire ropes used for elevators.
(c) Emergency hoisting facilities should conform to the extent possible to safety requirements for other hoists, and should be adequate to remove the persons from the mine with a minimum of delay.
§ 57.19001   Rated capacities.
Hoists shall have rated capacities consistent with the loads handled and the recommended safety factors of the ropes used.
§ 57.19002   Anchoring.
Hoists shall be anchored securely.
§ 57.19003   Driving mechanism connections.
Belt, rope, or chains shall not be used to connect driving mechanisms to man hoists.
§ 57.19004   Brakes.
Any hoist used to hoist persons shall be equipped with a brake or brakes which shall be capable of holding its fully loaded cage, skip, or bucket at any point in the shaft.
§ 57.19005   Locking mechanism for clutch.
The operating mechanism of the clutch of every man-hoist drum shall be provided with a locking mechanism, or interlocked electrically or mechanically with the brake to prevent accidental withdrawal of the clutch.
§ 57.19006   Automatic hoist braking devices.
Automatic hoists shall be provided with devices that automatically apply the brakes in the event of power failure.
§ 57.19007   Overtravel and overspeed devices.
All man hoists shall be provided with devices to prevent overtravel. When utilized in shafts exceeding 100 feet in depth, such hoists shall also be provided with overspeed devices.
§ 57.19008   Friction hoist synchronizing mechanisms.
Where creep or slip may alter the effective position of safety devices, friction hoists shall be equipped with synchronizing mechanisms that recalibrate the overtravel devices and position indicators.
§ 57.19009   Position indicator.
An accurate and reliable indicator of the position of the cage, skip, bucket, or cars in the shaft shall be provided.
§ 57.19010   Location of hoist controls.
Hoist controls shall be placed or housed so that the noise from machinery or other sources will not prevent hoistmen from hearing signals.
§ 57.19011   Drum flanges.
Flanges on drums shall extend radially a minimum of 4 inches or three rope diameters beyond the last wrap, whichever is the lesser.
§ 57.19012   Grooved drums.
Where grooved drums are used, the grooves shall be of suitable size and pitch for the ropes used.
§ 57.19013   Diesel- and other fuel-injection-powered hoists.
Where any diesel or similar fuel-injection engine is used to power a hoist, the engine shall be equipped with a damper or other cutoff in its air intake system. The control handle shall be clearly labeled to indicate that its intended function is for emergency stopping only.
§ 57.19014   Friction hoist overtravel protection.
In a friction hoist installation, tapered guides or other approved devices shall be installed above and below the limits of regular travel of the conveyance and arranged to prevent overtravel in the event of failure of other devices.
§ 57.19017   Emergency braking for electric hoists.
Each electric hoist shall be equipped with a manually-operable switch that will initiate emergency braking action to bring the conveyance and the counterbalance safely to rest. This switch shall be located within reach of the hoistman in case the manual controls of the hoist fail.
§ 57.19018   Overtravel by-pass switches.
When an overtravel by-pass switch is installed, the switch shall function so as to allow the conveyance to be moved through the overtravel position when the switch is held in the closed position by the hoistman. The overtravel by-pass switch shall return automatically to the open position when released by the hoistman.
§ 57.19019   Guide ropes.
If guide ropes are used in shafts for personnel hoisting applications other than shaft development, the nominal strength (manufacturer's published catalog strength) of the guide rope at installation shall meet the minimum value calculated as follows: Minimum value = Static Load × 5.0.
§ 57.19021   Minimum rope strength.
At installation, the nominal strength (manufacturer's published catalog strength) of wire ropes used for hoisting shall meet the minimum rope strength values obtained by the following formulas in which “L” equals the maximum suspended rope length in feet:
(a) Winding drum ropes (all constructions, including rotation resistant).
(b) Friction drum ropes.
(c) Tail ropes (balance ropes).
§ 57.19022   Initial measurement.
After initial rope stretch but before visible wear occurs, the rope diameter of newly installed wire ropes shall be measured at least once in every third interval of active length and the measurements averaged to establish a baseline for subsequent measurements. A record of the measurements and the date shall be made by the person taking the measurements. This record shall be retained until the rope is retired from service.
§ 57.19023   Examinations.
(a) At least once every fourteen calendar days, each wire rope in service shall be visually examined along its entire active length for visible structural damage, corrosion, and improper lubrication or dressing. In addition, visual examination for wear and broken wires shall be made at stress points, including the area near attachments, where the rope rests on sheaves, where the rope leaves the drum, at drum crossovers, and at change-of-layer regions. When any visible condition that results in a reduction of rope strength is present, the affected portion of the rope shall be examined on a daily basis.
(b) Before any person is hoisted with a newly installed wire rope or any wire rope that has not been examined in the previous fourteen calendar days, the wire rope shall be examined in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) At least once every six months, nondestructive tests shall be conducted of the active length of the rope, or rope diameter measurements shall be made—
(1) Wherever wear is evident;
(2) Where the hoist rope rests on sheaves at regular stopping points;
(3) Where the hoist rope leaves the drum at regular stopping points; and
(4) At drum crossover and change-of-layer regions.
(d) At the completion of each examination required by paragraph (a) of this section, the person making the examination shall certify, by signature and date, that the examination has been made. If any condition listed in paragraph (a) of this section is present, the person conducting the examination shall make a record of the condition and the date. Certifications and records of examinations shall be retained for one year.
(e) The person making the measurements or nondestructive tests as required by paragraph (c) of this section shall record the measurements or test results and the date. This record shall be retained until the rope is retired from service.
§ 57.19024   Retirement criteria.
Unless damage or deterioration is removed by cutoff, wire ropes shall be removed from service when any of the following conditions occurs:
(a) The number of broken wires within a rope lay length, excluding filler wires, exceeds either—
(1) Five percent of the total number of wires; or
(2) Fifteen percent of the total number of wires within any strand.
(b) On a regular lay rope, more than one broken wire in the valley between strands in one rope lay length.
(c) A loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outer wires.
(d) Rope deterioration from corrosion.
(e) Distortion of the rope structure.
(f) Heat damage from any source.
(g) Diameter reduction due to wear that exceeds six percent of the baseline diameter measurement.
(h) Loss of more than ten percent of rope strength as determined by nondestructive testing.
§ 57.19025   Load end attachments.
(a) Wire rope shall be attached to the load by a method that develops at least 80 percent of the nominal strength of the rope.
(b) Except for terminations where use of other materials is a design feature, zinc (spelter) shall be used for socketing wire ropes. Design feature means either the manufacturer's original design or a design approved by a registered professional engineer
(c) Load end attachment methods using splices are prohibited.
§ 57.19026   Drum end attachment.
(a) For drum end attachment, wire rope shall be attached—
(1) Securely by clips after making one full turn around the drum spoke;
(2) Securely by clips after making one full turn around the shaft, if the drum is fixed to the shaft; or
(3) By properly assembled anchor bolts, clamps, or wedges, provided that the attachment is a design feature of the hoist drum. Design feature means either the manufacturer's original design or a design approved by a registered professional engineer.
(b) A minimum of three full turns of wire rope shall be on the drum when the rope is extended to its maximum working length.
§ 57.19027   End attachment retermination.
Damaged or deteriorated wire rope shall be removed by cutoff and the rope reterminated where there is—
(a) More than one broken wire at an attachment;
(b) Improper installation of an attachment;
(c) Slippage at an attachment; or
(d) Evidence of deterioration from corrosion at an attachment.
§ 57.19028   End attachment replacement.
Wire rope attachments shall be replaced when cracked, deformed, or excessively worn.
§ 57.19030   Safety device attachments.
Safety device attachments to hoist ropes shall be selected, installed, and maintained according to manufacturers' specifications to minimize internal corrosion and weakening of the hoist rope.
§ 57.19035   Headframe design.
All headframes shall be constructed with suitable design considerations to allow for all dead loads, live loads, and wind loads.
§ 57.19036   Headframe height.
Headframes shall be high enough to provide clearance for overtravel and safe stopping of the conveyance.
§ 57.19037   Fleet angles.
Fleet angles on hoists installed after November 15, 1979, shall not be greater than one and one-half degrees for smooth drums or two degrees for grooved drums.
§ 57.19038   Platforms around elevated head sheaves.
Platforms with toeboards and handrails shall be provided around elevated head sheaves.
§ 57.19045   Metal bonnets.
Man cages and skips used for hoisting or lowering employees or other persons in any vertical shaft or any incline shaft with an angle of inclination of forty-five degrees from the horizontal, shall be covered with a metal bonnet.
§ 57.19049   Hoisting persons in buckets.
Buckets shall not be used to hoist persons except during shaft sinking operations, inspection, maintenance, and repairs.
§ 57.19050   Bucket requirements.
Buckets used to hoist persons during vertical shaft sinking operations shall—
(a) Be securely attached to a crosshead when traveling in either direction between the lower and upper crosshead parking locations;
(b) Have overhead protection when the shaft depth exceeds 50 feet;
(c) Have sufficient depth or a suitably designed platform to transport persons safely in a standing position; and
(d) Have devices to prevent accidental dumping where the bucket is supported by a bail attached to its lower half.
§ 57.19054   Rope guides.
Where rope guides are used in shafts other than in shaft sinking operations, the rope guides shall be a type of lock coil construction.
§ 57.19055   Availability of hoist operator for manual hoists.
When a manually operated hoist is used, a qualified hoistman shall remain within hearing of the telephone or signal device at all times while any person is underground.
§ 57.19056   Availability of hoist operator for automatic hoists.
When automatic hoisting is used, a competent operator of the hoist shall be readily available at or near the hoisting device while any person is underground.
§ 57.19057   Hoist operator's physical fitness.
No person shall operate a hoist unless within the preceding 12 months he has had a medical examination by a qualified, licensed physician who shall certify his fitness to perform this duty. Such certification shall be available at the mine.
§ 57.19058   Experienced hoist operators.
Only experienced hoistmen shall operate the hoist except in cases of emergency and in the training of new hoistmen.
§ 57.19061   Maximum hoisting speeds.
The safe speed for hoisting persons shall be determined for each shaft, and this speed shall not be exceeded. Persons shall not be hoisted at a speed faster than 2,500 feet per minute, except in an emergency.
§ 57.19062   Maximum acceleration and deceleration.
Maximum normal operating acceleration and deceleration shall not exceed 6 feet per second per second. During emergency braking, the deceleration shall not exceed 16 feet per second per second.
§ 57.19063   Persons allowed in hoist room.
Only authorized persons shall be in hoist rooms.
§ 57.19065   Lowering conveyances by the brakes.
Conveyances shall not be lowered by the brakes alone except during emergencies.
§ 57.19066   Maximum riders in a conveyance.
In shafts inclined over 45 degrees, the operator shall determine and post in the conveyance or at each shaft station the maximum number of persons permitted to ride in a hoisting conveyance at any one time. Each person shall be provided a minimum of 1.5 square feet of floor space.
§ 57.19067   Trips during shift changes.
During shift changes, an authorized person shall be in charge of each trip in which persons are hoisted.
§ 57.19068   Orderly conduct in conveyances.
Persons shall enter, ride, and leave conveyances in an orderly manner.
§ 57.19069   Entering and leaving conveyances.
Persons shall not enter or leave conveyances which are in motion or after a signal to move the conveyance has been given to the hoistman.
§ 57.19070   Closing cage doors or gates.
Cage doors or gates shall be closed while persons are being hoisted; they shall not be opened until the cage has come to a stop.
§ 57.19071   Riding in skips or buckets.
Persons shall not ride in skips or buckets with muck, supplies, materials, or tools other than small hand tools.
§ 57.19072   Skips and cages in same compartment.
When combinations of cages and skips are used in the same compartment, the cages shall be enclosed to protect personnel from flying material and the hoist speed reduced to man-speed as defined in standard 57.19061, but not to exceed 1,000 feet per minute. Muck shall not be hoisted with personnel during shift changes.
§ 57.19073   Hoisting during shift changes.
Rock or supplies shall not be hoisted in the same shaft as persons during shift changes, unless the compartments and dumping bins are partitioned to prevent spillage into the cage compartment.
§ 57.19074   Riding the bail, rim, bonnet, or crosshead.
Persons shall not ride the bail, rim, bonnet, or crosshead of any shaft conveyance except when necessary for inspection and maintenance, and then only when suitable protection for persons is provided.
§ 57.19075   Use of open hooks.
Open hooks shall not be used to hoist buckets or other conveyances.
§ 57.19076   Maximum speeds for hoisting persons in buckets.
When persons are hoisted in buckets, speeds shall not exceed 500 feet per minute and shall not exceed 200 feet per minute when within 100 feet of the intended station.
§ 57.19077   Lowering buckets.
Buckets shall be stopped about 15 feet from the shaft bottom to await a signal from one of the crew on the bottom for further lowering.
§ 57.19078   Hoisting buckets from the shaft bottom.
All buckets shall be stopped after being raised about three feet above the shaft bottom. A bucket shall be stabilized before a hoisting signal is given to continue hoisting the bucket to the crosshead. After a hoisting signal is given, hoisting to the crosshead shall be at a minimum speed. The signaling device shall be attended constantly until a bucket reaches the guides. When persons are hoisted, the signaling devices shall be attended until the crosshead has been engaged.
§ 57.19079   Blocking mine cars.
Where mine cars are hoisted by cage or skip, means for blocking cars shall be provided at all landings and also on the cage.
§ 57.19080   Hoisting tools, timbers, and other materials.
When tools, timbers, or other materials are being lowered or raised in a shaft by means of a bucket, skip, or cage, they shall be secured or so placed that they will not strike the sides of the shaft.
§ 57.19081   Conveyances not in use.
When conveyances controlled by a hoist operator are not in use, they shall be released and the conveyances shall be raised or lowered a suitable distance to prevent persons from boarding or loading the conveyances.
§ 57.19083   Overtravel backout device.
A manually operated device shall be installed on each electric hoist that will allow the conveyance or counterbalance to be removed from an overtravel position. Such device shall not release the brake, or brakes, holding the overtravelled conveyance or counterbalance until sufficient drive motor torque has been developed to assure movement of the conveyance or counterbalance in the correct direction only.
§ 57.19090   Dual signaling systems.
There shall be at least two effective approved methods of signaling between each of the shaft stations and the hoist room, one of which shall be a telephone or speaking tube.
§ 57.19091   Signaling instructions to hoist operator.
Hoist operators shall accept hoisting instructions only by the regular signaling system unless it is out of order. In such an event, and during other emergencies, the hoist operator shall accept instructions to direct movement of the conveyances only from authorized persons.
§ 57.19092   Signaling from conveyances.
A method shall be provided to signal the hoist operator from cages or other conveyances at any point in the shaft.
§ 57.19093   Standard signal code.
A standard code of hoisting signals shall be adopted and used at each mine. The movement of a shaft conveyance on a “one bell” signal is prohibited.
§ 57.19094   Posting signal code.
A legible signal code shall be posted prominently in the hoist house within easy view of the hoistmen, and at each place where signals are given or received.
§ 57.19095   Location of signal devices.
Hoisting signal devices shall be positioned within easy reach of persons on the shaft bottom or constantly attended by a person stationed on the lower deck of the sinking platform.
§ 57.19096   Familiarity with signal code.
Any person responsible for receiving or giving signals for cages, skips, and mantrips when persons or materials are being transported shall be familiar with the posted signaling code.
§ 57.19100   Shaft landing gates.
Shaft landings shall be equipped with substantial safety gates so constructed that materials will not go through or under them; gates shall be closed except when loading or unloading shaft conveyances.
§ 57.19101   Stopblocks and derail switches.
Positive stopblocks or a derail switch shall be installed on all tracks leading to a shaft collar or landing.
§ 57.19102   Shaft guides.
A means shall be provided to guide the movement of a shaft conveyance.
§ 57.19103   Dumping facilities and loading pockets.
Dumping facilities and loading pockets shall be constructed so as to minimize spillage into the shaft.
§ 57.19104   Clearance at shaft stations.
Suitable clearance at shaft stations shall be provided to allow safe movement of persons, equipment and materials.
§ 57.19105   Landings with more than one shaft entrance.
A safe means of passage around open shaft compartments shall be provided on landings with more than one entrance to the shaft.
§ 57.19106   Shaft sets.
Shaft sets shall be kept in good repair and clean of hazardous material.
§ 57.19107   Precautions for work in compartment affected by hoisting operation.
Hoistmen shall be informed when persons are working in a compartment affected by that hoisting operation and a “Men Working in Shaft” sign shall be posted at the hoist.
§ 57.19108   Posting warning signs during shaft work.
When persons are working in a shaft “Men Working in Shaft” signs shall be posted at all devices controlling hoisting operations that may endanger such persons.
§ 57.19109   Shaft inspection and repair.
Shaft inspection and repair work in vertical shafts shall be performed from substantial platforms equipped with bonnets or equivalent overhead protection.
§ 57.19110   Overhead protection for shaft deepening work.
A substantial bulkhead or equivalent protection shall be provided above persons at work deepening a shaft.
§ 57.19111   Shaft-sinking ladders.
Substantial fixed ladders shall be provided from the collar to as near the shaft bottom as practical during shaft-sinking operations, or an escape hoist powered by an emergency power source shall be provided. When persons are on the shaft bottom, a chain ladder, wire rope ladder, or other extension ladders shall be used from the fixed ladder or lower limit of the escape hoist to the shaft bottom.
§ 57.19120   Procedures for inspection, testing, and maintenance.
A systematic procedure of inspection, testing and maintenance of shaft and hoisting equipment shall be developed and followed. If it is found or suspected that any part is not functioning properly, the hoist shall not be used until the malfunction has been located and repaired or adjustments have been made.
§ 57.19121   Recordkeeping.
At the time of completion, the person performing inspections, tests, and maintenance of shafts and hoisting equipment required in standard 57.19120 shall certify, by signature and date, that they have been done. A record of any part that is not functioning properly shall be made and dated. Certifications and records shall be retained for one year.
§ 57.19122   Replacement parts.
Parts used to repair hoists shall have properties that will ensure the proper and safe function of the hoist.
§ 57.19129   Examinations and tests at beginning of shift.
Hoistmen shall examine their hoists and shall test overtravel, deadman controls, position indicators, and braking mechanisms at the beginning of each shift.
§ 57.19130   Conveyance shaft test.
Before hoisting persons and to assure that the hoisting compartments are clear of obstructions, empty hoist conveyances shall be operated at least one round trip after—
(a) Any hoist or shaft repairs or related equipment repairs that might restrict or obstruct conveyance clearance;
(b) Any oversize or overweight material or equipment trips that might restrict or obstruct conveyance clearance;
(c) Blasting in or near the shaft that might restrict or obstruct conveyance clearance; or
(d) Remaining idle for one shift or longer.
§ 57.19131   Hoist conveyance connections.
Hoist conveyance connections shall be inspected at least once during any 24-hour period that the conveyance is used for hoisting persons.
§ 57.19132   Safety catches.
(a) A performance drop test of hoist conveyance safety catches shall be made at the time of installation, or prior to installation in a mockup of the actual installation. The test shall be certified to in writing by the manufacturer or by a registered professional engineer performing the test.
(b) After installation and before use, and at the beginning of any seven day period during which the conveyance is to be used, the conveyance shall be suitably rested and the hoist rope slackened to test for the unrestricted functioning of the safety catches and their activating mechanisms.
(c) The safety catches shall be inspected by a competent person at the beginning of any 24-hour period that the conveyance is to be used.
§ 57.19133   Shaft.
Shafts that have not been inspected within the past 7 days shall not be used until an inspection has been conducted by a competent person.
§ 57.19134   Sheaves.
Sheaves in operating shafts shall be inspected weekly and kept properly lubricated.
§ 57.19135   Rollers in inclined shafts.
Rollers used in operating inclined shafts shall be lubricated, properly aligned, and kept in good repair.
§ 57.20001   Intoxicating beverages and narcotics.
Intoxicating beverages and narcotics shall not be permitted or used in or around mines. Persons under the influence of alcohol or narcotics shall not be permitted on the job.
§ 57.20002   Potable water.
(a) An adequate supply of potable drinking water shall be provided at all active working areas.
(b) The common drinking cup and containers from which drinking water must be dipped or poured are prohibited.
(c) Where single service cups are supplied, a sanitary container for unused cups and a receptacle for used cups shall be provided.
(d) When water is cooled by ice, the ice shall either be of potable water or shall not come in contact with the water.
(e) Potable water outlets shall be posted.
(f) Potable water systems shall be constructed to prevent backflow or backsiphonage of non-potable water.
§ 57.20003   Housekeeping.
At all mining operations—
(a) Workplaces, passageways, storerooms, and service rooms shall be kept clean and orderly;
(b) The floor of every workplace shall be maintained in a clean and, so far as possible, dry condition. Where wet processes are used, drainage shall be maintained, and false floors, platforms, mats, or other dry standing places shall be provided where practicable; and
(c) Every floor, working place, and passageway shall be kept free from protruding nails, splinters, holes, or loose boards, as practicable.
§ 57.20005   Carbon tetrachloride.
Carbon tetrachloride shall not be used.
§ 57.20008   Toilet facilities.
(a) Toilet facilities shall be provided at locations that are compatible with the mine operations and that are readily accessible to mine personnel.
(b) The facilities shall be kept clean and sanitary. Separate toilet facilities shall be provided for each sex except where toilet rooms will be occupied by no more than one person at a time and can be locked from the inside.
§ 57.20009   Tests for explosive dusts.
Dusts suspected of being explosive shall be tested for explosibility. If tests prove positive, appropriate control measures shall be taken.
§ 57.20010   Retaining dams.
If failure of a water or silt retaining dam will create a hazard, it shall be of substantial construction and inspected at regular intervals.
§ 57.20011   Barricades and warning signs.
Areas where health or safety hazards exist that are not immediately obvious to employees shall be barricaded, or warning signs shall be posted at all approaches. Warning signs shall be readily visible, legible, and display the nature of the hazard and any protective action required.
§ 57.20013   Waste receptacles.
Receptacles with covers shall be provided at suitable locations and used for the disposal of waste food and associated materials. They shall be emptied frequently and shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition.
§ 57.20014   Prohibited areas for food and beverages.
No person shall be allowed to consume or store food or beverages in a toilet room or in any area exposed to a toxic material.
§ 57.20020   Unattended mine openings.
Access to unattended mine openings shall be restricted by gates or doors, or the openings shall be fenced and posted.
§ 57.20021   Abandoned mine openings.
Upon abandonment of a mine, the owner or operator shall effectively close or fence off all surface openings down which persons could fall or through which persons could enter. Upon or near all such safeguards, trespass warnings and appropriate danger notices shall be posted.
§ 57.20031   Blasting underground in hazardous areas.
In underground areas where dangerous accumulations of water, gas, mud, or fire atmosphere could be encountered, persons shall be removed to safe places before blasting.
§ 57.20032   Two-way communication equipment for underground operations.
Telephones or other two-way communication equipment with instructions for their use shall be provided for communication from underground operations to the surface.
§ 57.22001   Scope.
This subpart T sets forth procedures and safety standards for each metal and nonmetal underground mine subject to the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977. All metal and nonmetal mines will be placed into one of the categories or subcategories defined in this subpart. Mines shall operate in accordance with the applicable standards in this subpart to protect persons against the hazards of methane gas and dust containing volatile matter. The standards in this subpart apply to underground mines as well as surface mills at Subcategory I-C mines. These mines are also required to be operated in accordance with the other applicable health and safety standards published in 30 CFR part 57.
§ 57.22002   Definitions.
The following definitions apply in this subpart:
Competent person. A person designated by the mine operator who has sufficient experience and training to perform the assigned task.
Explosive material. Explosives, blasting agents, and detonators. Explosives are substances classified as explosives by the Department of Transportation in §§ 173.53, 173.88, and 173.100 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (1986 Edition). Blasting agents are substances classified as blasting agents by the Department of Transportation in § 173.114(a) of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (1986 Edition). Detonators are devices containing a detonating charge used to initiate explosives. Examples of detonators are blasting caps, electric or non-electric instantaneous or delay blasting caps and delay connectors. [A copy of Title 49 is available at any Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health District Office of the Mine Safety and Health Administration].
Substantial construction. Construction of such strength, material, and workmanship that the object will withstand air blasts, blasting shock, ground movement, pressure differentials, wear, and usage which may be expected to occur in the mining environment.
§ 57.22003   Mine category or subcategory.
(a) All underground mines, and the surface mills of Subcategory I-C mines (gilsonite), shall be placed into one of the following categories or subcategories to protect persons against the hazards of methane and dusts containing volatile matter. Categories and subcategories are defined as follows:
(1) Category I applies to mines that operate within a combustible ore body and either liberate methane or have the potential to liberate methane based on the history of the mine or the geological area in which the mine is located. Category I is divided into Subcategories I-A, I-B, and I-C as follows:
(i) Subcategory I-A applies to mines that operate within a combustible ore body and liberate methane and in which—
(A) A concentration of 0.25 percent or more methane has been detected in the mine atmosphere and confirmed by laboratory analysis; or
(B) An ignition of methane has occurred.
(ii) Subcategory I-B applies to mines that operate within a combustible ore body and have the potential to liberate methane based on the history of the mine or geological area in which the mine is located and in which—
(A) A concentration of 0.25 percent or more methane has not been detected in the mine atmosphere; and
(B) An ignition of methane has not occurred.
(iii) Subcategory I-C applies to mines in which the product extracted is combustible and the dust has a volatile matter content of 60 percent or more measured on a moisture free basis 1 .
1 Measured by the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM D 3175-82, Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke. (This document is available at any Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health District Office of the Mine Safety and Health Administration).
(2) Category II applies to domal salt mines where the history of the mine or geological area indicates the occurrence of or the potential for an outburst. Category II is divided into Subcategories II-A and II-B as follows:
(i) Subcategory II-A applies to domal salt mines where an outburst reportable under § 57.22004(c)(1) has occurred.
(ii) Subcategory II-B applies to domal salt mines where an outburst reportable under § 57.22004(c)(1) has not occurred, but which have the potential for an outburst based on the history of the mine or geological area in which the mine is located.
(3) Category III applies to mines in which noncombustible ore is extracted and which liberate a concentration of methane that is explosive, or is capable of forming explosive mixtures with air, or have the potential to do so based on the history of the mine or the geological area in which the mine is located. The concentration of methane in such mines is explosive or is capable of forming explosive mixtures if mixed with air as illustrated by Table 1 below, entitled “Relation Between Quantitative Composition and Explosibility of Mixtures of Methane and Air”.
(4) Category IV applies to mines in which noncombustible ore is extracted and which liberate a concentration of methane that is not explosive nor capable of forming explosive mixtures with air based on the history of the mine or the geological area in which the mine is located. The concentration of methane in such mines is not explosive nor capable of forming explosive mixtures if mixed with air as illustrated by Table 1 above, entitled “Relation Between Quantitative Composition and Explosibility of Mixtures of Methane and Air”.
(5) Category V applies to petroleum mines. Category V is divided into Subcategories V-A and V-B as follows:
(i) Subcategory V-A applies to petroleum mines that operate entirely or partially within an oil reservoir; and all other petroleum mines in which—
(A) A concentration of 0.25 percent or more methane has been detected in the mine atmosphere and confirmed by laboratory analysis; or
(B) An ignition of methane has occurred.
(ii) Subcategory V-B applies to petroleum mines that operate outside of and drill into an oil reservoir and in which—
(A) A concentration of 0.25 percent or more methane has not been detected in the mine atmosphere; and
(B) An ignition of methane has not occurred.
(6) Category VI applies to mines in which the presence of methane has not been established and are not included in another category or subcategory.
(b) Category or subcategory placement or change in placement shall include consideration of the following:
(1) The history and geology of the mine or of the geological area in which the mine is located;
(2) The ore body and host rock;
(3) The character, amount, duration, origin, and nature of methane emission and the presence of explosive dust and inert gases; and
(4) Whether or not conditions encountered during primary or access development are transient or permanent.
(c)(1) Gas samples for the purpose of category or subcategory placement or change in placement, and for determining action levels, shall be taken in the mine atmosphere. Gas samples taken to determine the nature and extent of an occurrence under § 57.22004 (c) and (d) may be taken at any location, including the source, point of entry and the mine atmosphere.
(2) Tests for methane shall be made with hand-held methanometers, methane monitors, atmospheric monitoring systems, devices used to provide laboratory analysis of samples, or with other equally effective sampling devices. However, only methane samples that have been confirmed by laboratory analysis shall be used for category or subcategory placement or change in placement.
(d) Each mine and mill shall be required to operate in accordance with the safety standards applicable to its particular category or subcategory.
§ 57.22004   Category placement or change in placement.
The Administrator for Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health (Administrator) shall be responsible for category and subcategory placement, change in placement, and notification of placement of mines.
(a) The Administrator's proposed notice of placement or change in placement shall be sent to the mine operator and the appropriate representative of miners and shall include—
(1) The category or subcategory;
(2) The reasons for placement or change in placement;
(3) The data considered;
(4) The applicable standards and a time schedule for the mine operator to achieve compliance;
(5) Whether or not conditions encountered during primary or access development are transient or permanent; and
(6) Notification of the right to appeal the Administrator's determination under § 57.22005.
(b) The operator or the representative of the miners shall have the right to request of the Administrator reassignment of the mine to a more appropriate category or subcategory if, based on operating experience, the conditions set forth in § 57.22003(b) indicate that the hazards of methane exist under circumstances more appropriately governed by a different category or subcategory. In response to such a request, the procedures set forth in paragraph (d) of this section shall apply. While the request for category or subcategory reassignment is pending, the mine shall continue to operate under the standards for the category or subcategory to which originally assigned.
(c) MSHA shall be notified as soon as possible if any of the following events occur:
(1) An outburst that results in 0.25 percent or more methane in the mine atmosphere;
(2) A blowout that results in 0.25 percent or more methane in the mine atmosphere;
(3) An ignition of methane; or
(4) Air sample results that indicate 0.25 percent or more methane in the mine atmosphere of a Subcategory I-B, I-C, II-B, V-B or Category VI mine.
(d) The Administrator shall promptly appoint an MSHA committee to investigate occurrences reported in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section or requests filed in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. Upon completion of an investigation, the committee shall make a written report of the findings. These investigations may include an evaluation of the following:
(1) Source, nature, and extent of occurrences;
(2) Conditions under which the incident occurred;
(3) Samples and tests;
(4) Physical conditions at the time of the occurrence;
(5) Charts, logs, and records related to the occurrence;
(6) Whether the occurrence is isolated, continuous, or could recur;
(7) Conditions indicating that the hazards of methane no longer exist or exist under circumstances more appropriately governed by a different category or subcategory;
(8) The geology of the mine and the geological area in which the mine is located; and
(9) Statements by witnesses, company officials, employees, and other persons having knowledge of the mine or the occurrence. Representatives of the mine operator, the miners and the appropriate State agency may participate in the investigation.
§ 57.22005   Notice and appeal of placement or change in placement.
(a) The Administrator's determination of category or subcategory placement or change in placement shall become final upon the 30th day after it is served on the mine operator and representative of miners, unless a request for a hearing has been filed. Service of the Administrator's determination is complete upon mailing by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested.
(b) The mine operator or representative of miners may obtain review of the Administrator's determination by filing a request for a hearing with the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health, Mine Safety and Health Administration, 201 12th Street South, Arlington, VA 22202-5452 within 30 days of the Administrator's determination. Service of a request for hearing is completed upon mailing by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested. Requests for a hearing shall be in writing and contain the following information:
(1) Name, address, and mine identification number;
(2) A concise statement of the reason why the Administrator's determination is inappropriate; and
(3) A copy of the Administrator's determination.
(c) The mine operator shall post a copy of the Administrator's determination and the request for a hearing on the mine bulletin board, and shall maintain the posting until the placement becomes final.
(d) Promptly after receipt of the request for a hearing, the Assistant Secretary shall refer to the Chief Administrative Law Judge, United States Department of Labor, the following:
(1) The request for a hearing;
(2) The Administrator's determination; and
(3) All information upon which the Administrator's determination was based.
(e) The hearing shall be regulated and conducted by an Administrative Law Judge in accordance with 29 CFR part 18, entitled, “Rules of Practice and Procedure for Administrative Hearings Before the Office of Administrative Law Judges.” Once the Administrative Law Judge has made an initial decision and served each party, the decision shall be final on the 30th day after service, unless discretionary review is undertaken by the Assistant Secretary or an appeal is filed by the mine operator or representative of the miners under paragraph (f) of this section.
(f) Within 30 days after service of an initial decision of an Administrative Law Judge, the Assistant Secretary for Mine Safety and Health may undertake a discretionary review of the initial decision, or the mine operator, or representative of the miners may appeal the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge to the Assistant Secretary.
(1) The Assistant Secretary shall give notice of discretionary review to the mine operator and representative of the miners. The mine operator or representative of the miners shall give notice of an appeal to the other party. The notice shall specify the suggested changes and refer to the specific findings of fact, conclusions of law, and terms of the initial decision to be reviewed or appealed. The Assistant Secretary shall fix a time for filing any objections to the suggested changes and supporting reasons.
(2) The Assistant Secretary shall promptly notify the Administrative Law Judge of a discretionary review or an appeal. The entire record of the proceedings shall be transmitted to the Assistant Secretary for review.
(3) The Assistant Secretary shall make the final decision based upon consideration of the record of the proceedings. The final decision may affirm, modify, or set aside in whole or in part, the findings and conclusions contained in the initial decision. A statement of reasons for the action taken shall be included in the final decision. The final decision shall be served upon the mine operator and representative of the miners.
(g) Unless a decision by the Administrator for Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health, or the initial decision of the Administrative Law Judge, is appealed within 30 days, it becomes final, and is not subject to judicial review for the purposes of 5 U.S.C. 704. Only a decision by the Assistant Secretary shall be considered final Agency action for purposes of judicial review. Any such appeal must be filed in the appropriate circuit of the United States Court of Appeal.
(h) While a final decision of category placement is pending the following procedures shall apply:
(1) Where a mine has been classified as gassy prior to the effective date of these standards, existing gassy mines standards 30 CFR 57.21001 through 57.21101 (1986 Edition) shall continue to be applicable until placement is final.
(2) Where a mine has not been classified as gassy prior to the effective date of these standards and it is placed in Categories I through V, the mine shall comply with Category VI standards (§§ 57.22231, 57.22232, 57.22236, and 57.22238) until placement is final.
(3) Where a mine has been classified in Categories I through V after the effective date of these standards and category reassignment is being considered, the mine shall comply with the standards applicable to the category to which presently assigned until category placement is final.
§ 57.22101   Smoking (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
Persons shall not smoke or carry smoking materials, matches, or lighters underground. The operator shall institute a reasonable program to assure that persons entering the mine do not carry such items.
§ 57.22102   Smoking (I-C mines).
(a) Persons shall not smoke or carry smoking materials, matches, or lighters underground or within 50 feet of a mine opening. The operator shall institute a reasonable program to assure that persons entering the mine do not carry such items.
(b) Smoking is prohibited in surface milling facilities except in designated, dust-free smoking areas.
§ 57.22103   Open flames (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
Open flames shall not be permitted underground except for welding, cutting, and other maintenance operations, and for igniting underground retorts in a Subcategory I-A mine. When using open flames in other than fresh air, or in places where methane may enter the air current, tests for methane shall be conducted by a competent person before work is started and every 10 minutes until the job is completed. Continuous methane monitors with audible alarms may be used after the initial test has been conducted as an alternative to the ten-minute interval testing requirement. Open flames shall not be used in atmospheres containing 0.5 percent or more methane.
§ 57.22104   Open flames (I-C mines).
(a) Open flames, including cutting and welding, shall not be used underground.
(b) Welding and cutting shall not be done within 50 feet of a mine opening unless all persons are out of the mine and the mine opening is covered. The cover shall be a substantial material, such as metal or wood, topped with a layer of wetted material to prevent sparks and flames from entering the mine opening.
§ 57.22105   Smoking and open flames (IV mines).
Smoking or open flames shall not be permitted in a face or raise, or during release of gas from a borehole until tests have been conducted in accordance with § 57.22226 and the methane level has been determined to be below 0.5 percent.
§ 57.22106   Dust containing volatile matter (I-C mines).
Dust containing volatile matter shall not be allowed to accumulate on the surfaces of enclosures, facilities, or equipment used in surface milling in amounts that, if suspended in air, would become an explosive mixture. An explosive mixture of dust containing volatile matter is 0.02 ounce or more per cubic foot of air.
§ 57.22201   Mechanical ventilation (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).
All mines shall be ventilated mechanically.
§ 57.22202   Main fans (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, III, V-A, and V-B mines).
(a) Main fans shall be—
(1) Installed on the surface in noncombustible housings provided with noncombustible air ducts;
(2) Except in Subcategory I-A mines, provided with an automatic signal device to give an alarm when the fan stops. The signal device shall be located so that it can be seen or heard by a person designated by the mine operator.
(b) Fan installations shall be—
(1) Offset so that the fan and its associated components are not in direct line with possible explosive forces;
(2) Equipped with explosion-doors, a weak-wall, or other equivalent devices located to relieve the pressure that would be created by an explosion underground. The area of the doors or weak-wall shall be at least equivalent to the average cross-sectional area of the airway.
(c) (1) All main fan-related electrical equipment and cables located within or exposed to the forward or reverse airstream shall be approved by MSHA under the appliable requirements of 30 CFR part 18;
(2) Drive belts and nonmetallic fan blades shall be constructed of static-conducting material; and
(3) Aluminum alloy fan blades shall not contain more than 0.5 percent magnesium. [Paragraph (c)(3) of this section does not apply to Subcategory I-C mines].
(d) When an internal combustion engine is used to power a main fan or as standby power, the engine shall be—
(1) Installed in a noncombustible housing;
(2) Protected from a possible fuel supply fire or explosion; and
(3) Located out of direct line with the forward and reverse airstream provided by the fan. Engine exhaust gases shall be vented to the atmosphere so that exhaust cannot contaminate mine intake air.
(e) For Subcategory I-A mines only: Main exhaust fans shall be equipped with methane monitors to give an alarm when methane in the return air reaches 0.5 percent. The alarm shall be located so that it can be seen or heard by a person designated by the mine operator.
§ 57.22203   Main fan operation (I-C mines).
Main fans shall be operated continuously while ore production is in progress.
§ 57.22204   Main fan operation and inspection (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
Main fans shall be—
(a) Provided with a pressure-recording system; and
(b) Inspected daily while operating if persons are underground. Certification of inspections shall be made by signature and date. Certifications and pressure recordings shall be retained for at least one year and made available to an authorized representative of the Secretary.
§ 57.22205   Doors on main fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
In mines ventilated by multiple main fans, each main fan installation shall be equipped with noncombustible doors. Such doors shall automatically close to prevent air reversal through the fan. The doors shall be located so that they are not in direct line with explosive forces which could come out of the mine.
§ 57.22206   Main ventilation failure (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
(a) When there has been a main ventilation failure, such as stoppage of main fans or failure of other components of the main ventilation system, tests for methane shall be conducted in affected active workings until normal air flow has resumed.
(b) If a total failure of ventilation occurs while all persons are out of the mine and the failure lasts for more than 30 minutes, only competent persons shall be allowed underground to examine the mine or to make necessary ventilation changes. Other persons may reenter the mine after the main fans have been operational for at least 30 minutes, or after the mine atmosphere has been tested and contains less than 1.0 percent methane. Persons other than examiners shall not reenter a Subcategory II-A mine until the methane level is less than 0.5 percent.
§ 57.22207   Booster fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
(a) Booster fans shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR part 18, and be—
(1) Provided with an automatic signal device located so that it can be seen or heard by a person designated by the mine operator to give an alarm when the fan stops or when methane reaches the following levels:
(i) 1.0 percent at the fan in Subcategory I-A, Category III, and Subcategory V-A mines; and
(ii) 0.5 percent at the fan in Subcategory II-A mines.
(2) Equipped with a device that automatically deenergizes power in affected workings should the fan stop; and
(3) Equipped with starting and stopping controls located at the fan and at another accessible remote location.
(b) Booster fan installations, except for booster fans installed in ducts, shall be—
(1) Provided with doors which open automatically when all fans in the installation stop; and
(2) Provided with an air lock when passage through the fan bulkhead is necessary.
§ 57.22208   Auxiliary fans (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
(a) Auxiliary fans, except fans used in shops and other areas which have been so designed that methane cannot enter the airway, shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR part 18, and be operated so that recirculation is minimized. Auxiliary fans shall not be used to ventilate work places during the interruption of normal mine ventilation.
(b) Tests for methane shall be made at auxiliary fans before they are started.
§ 57.22209   Auxiliary fans (I-C mines).
Electric auxiliary fans shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR part 18. Tests for methane shall be made at electric auxiliary fans before they are started. Such fans shall not be operated when air passing over or through them contains 0.5 percent or more methane.
§ 57.22210   In-line filters (I-C mines).
Filters or separators shall be installed on air-lift fan systems to prevent explosive concentrations of dust from passing through the fan.
§ 57.22211   Air flow (I-A mines).
The average air velocity in the last open crosscut in pairs or sets of developing entries, or through other ventilation openings nearest the face, shall be at least 40 feet per minute. The velocity of air ventilating each face at a work place shall be at least 20 feet per minute.
§ 57.22212   Air flow (I-C, II-A, and V-A mines).
Air flow across each working face shall be sufficient to carry away any accumulation of methane, smoke, fumes, and dust.
§ 57.22213   Air flow (III mines).
The quantity of air coursed through the last open crosscut in pairs or sets of entries, or through other ventilation openings nearest the face, shall be at least 6,000 cubic feet per minute, or 9,000 cubic feet per minute in longwall and continuous miner sections. The quantity of air across each face at a work place shall be at least 2,000 cubic feet per minute.
§ 57.22214   Changes in ventilation (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
(a) Changes in ventilation which affect the main air current or any split thereof and which adversely affect the safety of persons in the mine shall be made only when the mine is idle.
(b) Only persons engaged in making such ventilation changes shall be permitted in the mine during changes.
(c) Power shall be deenergized in affected areas prior to making ventilation changes, except power to monitoring equipment determined by MSHA to be intrinsically safe under 30 CFR part 18. Power shall not be restored until the results of the change have been determined and a competent person has examined affected working places for methane.
§ 57.22215   Separation of intake and return air (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
Main intake and return air currents shall be coursed through separate mine openings and shall be separated throughout the mine, except—
(a) Where multiple shafts are used for ventilation and a single shaft contains a curtain wall or partition for separation of air currents. Such wall or partition shall be constructed of reinforced concrete or other noncombustible equivalent, and provided with pressure-relief devices.
(b) During development of openings to the surface—
(1) Ventilation tubing approved by MSHA in accordance with 30 CFR part 7 or previously issued a BC or VT acceptance number by the MSHA Approval and Certification Center may be used for separation of main air currents in the same opening. Flexible ventilation tubing shall not exceed 250 feet in length.
(2) Only development related to making a primary ventilation connection may be performed beyond 250 feet of the shaft.
§ 57.22216   Separation of intake and return air (I-C mines).
The main intake and return air currents in single shafts shall be separated by ventilation tubing, curtain walls, or partitions. Ventilation tubing shall be constructed of noncombustible material. Curtain walls or partitions shall be constructed of reinforced concrete or other noncombustible equivalent, and provided with pressure-relief devices.
§ 57.22217   Seals and stoppings (I-A, I-B, and I-C mines).
All seals, and those stoppings that separate main intake from main return airways, shall be of substantial construction and constructed of noncombustible materials, except that stoppings constructed of brattice materials may be used in face areas.
§ 57.22218   Seals and stoppings (III, V-A, and V-B mines).
(a) All seals, and those stoppings that separate main intake from main return airways, shall be of substantial construction, except that stoppings constructed of brattice materials may be used in face areas.
(b) Exposed surfaces on the intake side of stoppings constructed of combustible materials or foam-type blocks shall be coated with at least one inch of construction plaster containing perlite and gypsum; at least one inch of expanded vermiculite, Portland cement and limestone; or other coatings with equivalent fire resistance. Stoppings constructed to phenolic foam blocks at least 12 inches thick need not be coated for fire resistance. All foam-type blocks used for stopping construction shall be solid.
(c) Exposed surfaces on the fresh air side of seals constructed of combustible materials shall be coated with at least one inch of construction plaster containing perlite and gypsum; at least one inch of expanded vermiculite, Portland cement and limestone; or other coatings with equivalent fire resistance. Foam-type blocks shall not be used for seals.
§ 57.22219   Seals and stoppings (II-A mines).
(a) Exposed surfaces on the intake side of stoppings constructed of combustible materials, except brattice, shall be coated with at least one inch of construction plaster containing perlite and gypsum; at least one inch of expanded vermiculite, Portland cement and limestone; or other coatings with equivalent fire resistance.
(b) Seals shall be of substantial construction. Exposed surfaces on the fresh air side of seals constructed of combustible materials shall be coated with at least one inch of construction plaster containing perlite and gypsum; at least one inch of expanded vermiculite, Portland cement and limestone; or other coatings with equivalent fire resistance. Foam-type blocks shall not be used for seals.
§ 57.22220   Air passing unsealed areas (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
Air that has passed by or through unsealed abandoned or unsealed inactive areas and contains 0.25 percent or more methane shall—
(a) Be coursed directly to a return airway;
(b) Be tested daily for methane by a competent person; and
(c) Not be used to ventilate work places.
§ 57.22221   Overcast and undercast construction (I-A, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
Overcasts and undercasts shall be—
(a) Of substantial construction;
(b)(1) Constructed of noncombustible materials; or
(2) Where constructed of combustible materials, the outside surfaces shall be coated with at least one inch of construction plaster containing perlite and gypsum; at least one inch of expanded vermiculite, Portland cement and limestone; or other coatings with equivalent fire resistance;
(c) Kept clear of obstructions.
§ 57.22222   Ventilation materials (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, III, V-A, and V-B mines).
Brattice cloth and ventilation tubing shall be approved by MSHA in accordance with 30 CFR part 7, or shall bear a BC or VT acceptance number issued by the MSHA Approval and Certification Center.
§ 57.22223   Crosscuts before abandonment (III mines).
A means of ventilating faces shall be provided before workings are abandoned in unsealed areas, unless crosscuts are provided within 30 feet of the face.
§ 57.22224   Auxiliary equipment stations (I-A and III mines).
Battery charging stations, compressor stations, pump stations, and transformer stations shall be installed in intake air at locations which are sufficiently ventilated to prevent the accumulation of methane.
§ 57.22225   Auxiliary equipment stations (I-C mines).
Battery charging stations, compressor stations, and electrical substations shall not be installed underground or within 50 feet of a mine opening.
§ 57.22226   Testing for methane (IV mines).
Tests for methane shall be conducted in the mine atmosphere by a competent person—
(a) At least once each shift prior to starting work in each face and raise; and
(b) Upon initial release of gas into the mine atmosphere from boreholes.
§ 57.22227   Approved testing devices (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).
(a) Methane monitoring devices and portable, battery-powered, self-contained devices used for measuring methane, other gases, and contaminants in mine air shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18, 21, 22, 23, 27, and 29. Such devices shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturers' instructions, or an equivalent maintenance and calibration procedure.
(b)(1) Flame safety lamps shall not be used to test for methane except as supplementary devices.
(2) Flame safety lamps shall not be used in Subcategory I-C mines.
(c)(1) If electrically powered, remote sensing devices are used, that portion of the instrument located in return air or other places where combustible gases may be present shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18, 22, 23, 27, and 29.
(2) If air samples are delivered to remote analytical devices through sampling tubes, such tubes shall be provided with in-line flame arrestors. Pumping equipment and analytical instruments shall be located in intake air.
§ 57.22228   Preshift examination (I-A, I-C, II-A, III, and V-A mines).
(a) Preshift examinations shall be conducted within three hours prior to the start of the shift for which the examination is being made.
(b) Prior to the beginning of a shift following an idle shift, a competent person shall test the mine atmosphere for methane at all work places before persons other than examiners enter the mine.
(c) When one shift immediately follows another, a competent person shall test the mine atmosphere at each active working face for methane before work is started on that shift.
(d) A competent person shall test the mine atmosphere at each face blasted before work is started.
(e) Except in Subcategory I-C or Category III mines, vehicles used for transportation when examining the mine shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18 through 36.
§ 57.22229   Weekly testing (I-A, III, and V-A mines).
(a) The mine atmosphere shall be tested for methane and carbon monoxide at least once every seven days by a competent person or an atmospheric monitoring system, or a combination of the two. Such testing shall be done at the following locations:
(1) The return of each split where it enters the main return;
(2) Adjacent to retreat areas, if accessible;
(3) At least one seal of each sealed area, if accessible;
(4) Main returns;
(5) At least one entry of each intake and return;
(6) Idle workings; and
(7) Return air from unsealed abandoned workings.
(b) The volume of air (velocity in Subcategory I-A mines) shall be measured at least once every seven days by a competent person. Such measurement shall be done at the following locations:
(1) Entering main intakes;
(2) Leaving main returns;
(3) Entering each main split;
(4) Returning from each main split; and
(5) In the last open crosscuts or other ventilation openings nearest the active faces where the air enters the return.
(c) Where such examinations disclose hazardous conditions, affected persons shall be informed and corrective action shall be taken.
(d) Certification of examinations shall be made by signature and date. Certifications shall be retained for at least one year and made available to authorized representatives of the Secretary.
§ 57.22230   Weekly testing (II-A mines).
(a) The mine atmosphere shall be tested for methane at least once every seven days by a competent person or an atmospheric monitoring system, or a combination of the two. Such testing shall be done at the following locations:
(1) Active mining faces and benches;
(2) Main returns;
(3) Returns from idle workings;
(4) Returns from abandoned workings; and
(5) Seals.
(b) Where such examinations disclose hazardous conditions, affected persons shall be informed and corrective action shall be taken.
(c) Certification of examinations shall be made by signature and date. Certifications shall be kept for at least one year and made available to authorized representatives of the Secretary.
§ 57.22231   Actions at 0.25 percent methane (I-B, II-B, V-B, and VI mines).
If methane reaches 0.25 percent in the mine atmosphere, changes shall be made to improve ventilation, and MSHA shall be notified immediately.
§ 57.22232   Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-B, II-A, II-B, IV, V-B, and VI mines).
If methane reaches 0.5 percent in the mine atmosphere, ventilation changes shall be made to reduce the level of methane. Until methane is reduced to less than 0.5 percent, electrical power shall be deenergized in affected areas, except power to monitoring equipment determined by MSHA to be intrinsically safe under 30 CFR part 18. Diesel equipment shall be shut off or immediately removed from the area and no other work shall be permitted in affected areas.
§ 57.22233   Actions at 0.5 percent methane (I-C mines).
If methane reaches 0.5 percent in the mine atmosphere, ventilation changes shall be made to reduce the level of methane. Until methane is reduced to less than 0.5 percent, no other work shall be permitted in affected areas.
§ 57.22234   Actions at 1.0 percent methane (I-A, I-B, III, V-A, and V-B mines).
(a) If methane reaches 1.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, ventilation changes shall be made to reduce the methane. Until such changes are achieved—
(1) All persons other than competent persons necessary to make the ventilation changes shall be withdrawn from affected areas;
(2) Electrical power shall be deenergized in affected areas, except power to monitoring equipment determined by MSHA to be intrinsically safe under 30 CFR part 18; and
(3) Diesel equipment shall be shut off or immediately removed from the area.
(b) If methane reaches 1.0 percent at a main exhaust fan, electrical power underground shall be deenergized, except power to monitoring equipment determined by MSHA to be intrinsically safe under 30 CFR part 18, and all persons shall be withdrawn from the mine.
(c) If methane reaches 1.0 percent at a work place and there has been a failure of the main ventilation system, all persons shall be withdrawn from the mine.
§ 57.22235   Actions at 1.0 percent methane (I-C, II-A, II-B, and IV mines).
(a) If methane reaches 1.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than competent persons necessary to make ventilation changes shall be withdrawn from affected areas until methane is reduced to less than 0.5 percent.
(b) If methane reaches 1.0 percent at a work place and there has been a failure of the main ventilation system, all persons shall be withdrawn from the mine.
§ 57.22236   Actions at 1.0 percent methane (VI mines).
If methane reaches 1.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than competent persons necessary to make ventilation changes shall be withdrawn from affected areas until methane is reduced to less than 0.5 percent.
§ 57.22237   Actions at 2.0 to 2.5 percent methane in bleeder systems (I-A and III mines).
If methane reaches 2.0 percent in bleeder systems at the point where a bleeder split enters a main return split, mining shall not be permitted on ventilation splits affected by the bleeder system. If methane has not been reduced to less than 2.0 percent within 30 minutes, or if methane levels reach 2.5 percent, all persons other than competent persons necessary to take corrective action shall be withdrawn from affected areas.
§ 57.22238   Actions at 2.0 percent methane (I-B, II-B, V-B, and VI mines).
If methane reaches 2.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than competent persons necessary to make ventilation changes shall be withdrawn from the mine until methane is reduced to less than 0.5 percent.
§ 57.22239   Actions at 2.0 percent methane (IV mines).
If methane reaches 2.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than competent persons necessary to make ventilation changes shall be withdrawn from the mine until methane is reduced to less than 0.5 percent. MSHA shall be notified immediately.
§ 57.22240   Actions at 2.0 percent methane (V-A mines).
If methane reaches 2.0 percent in the mine atmosphere, all persons other than competent persons necessary to make ventilation changes shall be withdrawn from affected areas until methane is reduced to less than 1.0 percent.
§ 57.22241   Advance face boreholes (I-C mines).
(a) Boreholes shall be drilled at least 25 feet in advance of a face whenever the work place is within—
(1) 50 feet of a surveyed abandoned mine or abandoned workings which cannot be inspected; or
(2) 200 feet of an unsurveyed abandoned mine or abandoned workings which cannot be inspected.
(b) Boreholes shall be drilled in such a manner to insure that the advancing face will not accidently break into an abandoned mine or abandoned working.
§ 57.22301   Atmospheric monitoring systems (I-A, II-A, and V-A mines).
(a) An atmospheric monitoring system shall be installed to provide surface readings of methane concentrations in the mine atmosphere from underground locations. Components of the system shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18, 22, 23, and 27; or be determined by MSHA under 30 CFR part 18 to be intrinsically safe or explosion-proof.
(b) Atmospheric monitoring systems shall—
(1) Give warnings on the surface and underground when methane at any sensor reaches 0.5 percent or more, and when power to a sensor is interrupted. Warning devices shall be located so that they can be seen and heard by a person designated by the mine operator; and
(2) Automatically deenergize power in affected areas, except power to monitoring equipment determined by MSHA to be intrinsically safe under 30 CFR part 18, when methane at any sensor reaches—
(i) 1.0 percent in a Subcategory I-A or V-A mine; or
(ii) 0.5 percent while persons are underground and 1.0 percent during blasting in a Subcategory II-A mine. Timing devices are permitted to avoid nuisance tripping for periods not to exceed 30 seconds, except during blasting or the ventilation time following a blast in a Subcategory II-A mine.
(c) Atmospheric monitoring systems shall be checked with a known mixture of methane, and calibrated if necessary at least once every 30 days. Certification of calibration tests shall be made by signature and date. Certifications of tests shall be retained for at least one year and made available to authorized representatives of the Secretary.
§ 57.22302   Approved equipment (I-A and V-A mines).
Equipment used in or beyond the last open crosscut shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18 through 36. Equipment shall not be operated in atmospheres containing 1.0 percent or more methane.
§ 57.22303   Approved equipment (I-C mines).
Only electrical equipment that is approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18 through 28 or approved under 30 CFR part 29 contained in the 30 CFR, parts 1-199, edition, revised as of July 1, 1999, shall be used underground, except for submersible sump pumps.
§ 57.22304   Approved equipment (II-A mines).
(a) Cutting and drilling equipment used at a face or bench shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18 through 36.
(b) While cutting or drilling is in progress, equipment not approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18 through 36 shall remain at least 100 feet from the face or bench being mined.
(c) Tests for methane shall be conducted immediately before nonapproved equipment is taken to a face or bench after blasting.
(d) Mine power transformers and stationary equipment not approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18 through 36 shall be installed in fresh air or downwind from an atmospheric methane monitor sensor.
§ 57.22305   Approved equipment (III mines).
Equipment used in or beyond the last open crosscut and equipment used in areas where methane may enter the air current, such as pillar recovery workings, longwall faces and shortwall faces, shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18 through 36. Equipment shall not be operated in atmospheres containing 1.0 percent or more methane.
§ 57.22306   Methane monitors (I-A mines).
(a) Methane monitors shall be installed on continuous mining machines, longwall mining systems, and on loading and haulage equipment used in or beyond the last open crosscut.
(b) The monitors shall—
(1) Give warning at 1.0 percent methane;
(2) Automatically deenergize electrical equipment, except power to monitoring equipment determined by MSHA to be intrinsically safe under 30 CFR part 18, and prevent starting such equipment when methane levels reach 1.5 percent. Diesel equipment shall be shut off or immediately removed from the affected area; and
(3) Automatically deenergize electrical equipment when power to a sensor is interrupted. Diesel equipment shall not be operated if the monitor is inoperative.
(c) Sensing units of monitors shall be positioned at a location which provides for the most effective measurement of methane.
§ 57.22307   Methane monitors (II-A mines).
(a) Methane monitors shall be installed on continuous mining machines, longwall mining systems, bench and face drills, and undercutting machines used in or beyond the last open crosscut.
(b) The monitors shall—
(1) Give warning at 0.5 percent methane;
(2) Automatically deenergize electrical equipment, except power to monitoring equipment determined by MSHA to be intrinsically safe under 30 CFR part 18, and prevent starting such equipment when methane levels reach 1.0 percent; and
(3) Automatically deenergize the equipment when power to a sensor is interrupted.
(c) Sensing units of monitors shall be positioned at a location which provides for the most effective measurement of methane.
§ 57.22308   Methane monitors (III mines).
(a) Methane monitors shall be installed on continuous mining machines and longwall mining systems.
(b) The monitors shall—
(1) Give warning at 1.0 percent methane;
(2) Automatically deenergize electrical equipment, except power to monitoring equipment determined by MSHA to be intrinsically safe under 30 CFR part 18, and prevent starting such equipment when methane levels reach 1.5 percent; and
(3) Automatically deenergize the equipment when power to a sensor is interrupted.
(c) Sensing units of monitors shall be positioned at a location which provides for the most effective measurement of methane.
§ 57.22309   Methane monitors (V-A mines).
(a) Methane monitors shall be installed on continuous mining machines used in or beyond the last open crosscut.
(b) The monitors shall—
(1) Give warning at 1.0 percent methane.
(2) Automatically deenergize electrical equipment, except power to monitoring equipment determined by MSHA to be intrinsically safe under 30 CFR part 18, and prevent starting of such equipment when methane levels reach 1.5 percent; and
(3) Automatically deenergize the equipment when power to a sensor is interrupted.
(c) Sensing units of monitors shall be positioned at a location which provides for the most effective measurement of methane.
§ 57.22310   Electrical cables (I-C mines).
Electrical cables used to power submersible sump pumps shall be accepted or approved by MSHA as flame resistant, or be installed in continuous metal conduit or metal pipe. The ends of such conduit or pipe shall be sealed to prevent entry of explosive gas or dust.
§ 57.22311   Electrical cables (II-A mines).
Only jacketed electrical cables accepted or approved by MSHA as flame resistant shall be used to supply power to distribution boxes and electrical equipment operating in face and bench areas.
§ 57.22312   Distribution boxes (II-A and V-A mines).
Distribution boxes containing short circuit protection for trailing cables of approved equipment shall be approved by MSHA under 30 CFR part 18.
§ 57.22313   Explosion-protection systems (I-C mines).
Pressure-relief systems including vents, or explosion suppression systems, shall be provided on explosive dust handling and processing equipment and on facilities housing such equipment. Vents shall be installed so that forces are directed away from persons should an explosion occur. The ratio of vent size to internal size of the equipment or facility shall not be less than one square foot of vent for each 80 cubic feet of volume or space.
§ 57.22314   Flow-control devices (V-A and V-B mines).
Oil recovery drill holes that penetrate oil bearing formations shall have devices to control the release of liquid hydrocarbons and hazardous gases during the drilling process. Such devices may be recovered for reuse after the formation has been depressurized or the well or borehole has been capped or connected to a collection system.
§ 57.22315   Self-contained breathing apparatus (V-A mines).
Self-contained breathing apparatus of a duration to allow for escape from the mine and sufficient in number to equip all persons underground shall be strategically located throughout the mine. Such apparatus shall be approved by MSHA and NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84 and shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturers' specifications. This standard does not apply to double entry mining systems where crosscut intervals do not exceed 250 feet.
§ 57.22401   Underground retorts (I-A and I-B mines).
(a) Retorts shall be provided with—
(1) Two independent power sources for main mine ventilation fans and those fans directly ventilating retort bulkheads, and for retort blowers, and provisions for switching promptly from one power source to the other; and
(2) An alarm system for blower malfunctions and an evacuation plan to assure safety of personnel in the event of a failure.
(b) Prior to the ignition of underground retorts, a written ignition and operation plan shall be submitted to the MSHA District Manager for the area in which the mine is located. The mine operator shall comply with all provisions of the retort plan. The retort plan shall include—
(1) Acceptable levels of combustible gases and oxygen in retort off-gases during start-up and during burning; levels at which corrective action will be initiated; levels at which personnel will be removed from the retort areas, from the mine, and from endangered surface areas; and the conditions for reentering the mine;
(2) Specification and locations of off-gas monitoring procedures and equipment;
(3) Specifications for construction of retort bulkheads and seals, and their locations;
(4) Procedures for ignition of a retort and for reignition following a shutdown; and
(5) Details of area monitoring and alarm systems for hazardous gases and actions to be taken to assure safety of personnel.
§ 57.22501   Personal electric lamps (I-A, I-B, I-C, II-A, II-B, III, IV, V-A, and V-B mines).
Electric lamps used for personal illumination shall be approved by MSHA under the requirements of 30 CFR parts 19 or 20, as applicable.
§ 57.22601   Blasting from the surface (I-A mines).
(a) All development, production, and bench rounds shall be initiated from the surface after all persons are out of the mine. Persons shall not enter the mine until ventilating air has passed over the blast area and through at least one atmospheric monitoring sensor.
(b) After blasting, if the monitoring system indicates that methane in the mine is less than 1.0 percent, persons may enter the mine. All places blasted shall be tested for methane by a competent person before work is started.
(c) If the monitoring system indicates the presence of 1.0 percent or more methane, persons other than examiners shall not enter the mine until the mine has been examined by a competent person and the methane content has been reduced to less than 1.0 percent.
(d) Vehicles used for transportation when examining the mine shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18 through 36.
§ 57.22602   Blasting from the surface (I-C mines).
(a) All blasting shall be initiated from the surface after all persons are out of the mine and any connecting mines.
(b) Persons shall not enter the mine until a competent person has examined the blast sites and methane concentrations are less than 0.5 percent.
§ 57.22603   Blasting from the surface (II-A mines).
(a) All development, production, and bench rounds shall be initiated from the surface after all persons are out of the mine. Persons shall not enter the mine until the mine has been ventilated for at least 15 minutes and the ventilating air has passed over the blast area and through at least one atmospheric monitoring sensor.
(b) If the monitoring system indicates that methane in the mine is less than 0.5 percent, competent persons may enter the mine to test for methane in all blast areas.
(c) If the monitoring system indicates that methane in the mine is 0.5 percent or more, the mine shall be ventilated and persons shall not enter the mine until the monitoring system indicates that methane in the mine is less than 0.5 percent.
(d) If the monitoring system is inoperable or malfunctions, the mine shall be ventilated for at least 45 minutes and the mine power shall be deenergized before persons enter the mine. Only competent persons necessary to test for methane may enter the mine until the methane in the mine is less than 0.5 percent.
(e) Vehicles used for transportation when examining the mine shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18 through 36. Vehicles shall not be used to examine the mine if the monitoring system is inoperable or has malfunctioned.
§ 57.22604   Blasting from the surface (II-B mines).
All development, production, and bench rounds shall be initiated from the surface after all persons are out of the mine. Persons other than those designated by the mine operator to make methane tests shall not enter the mine until all blast areas have been tested for methane.
§ 57.22605   Blasting from the surface (V-A mines).
(a) All development and production blasting shall be initiated from the surface after all persons are out of the mine. Persons shall not enter the mine until ventilating air has passed over the blast area and through at least one atmospheric monitoring sensor.
(b) If the monitoring system indicates that methane in the mine is less than 1.0 percent, persons may enter the mine, and all places blasted shall be tested for methane by a competent person before work is started.
(c) If the monitoring system indicates the presence of 1.0 percent or more methane, persons other than examiners shall not enter the mine until the mine has been examined by a competent person and the methane level is less than 1.0 percent.
(d) Vehicles used for transportation when examining the mine shall be approved by MSHA under the applicable requirements of 30 CFR parts 18 through 36.
(e) This standard applies only to mines blasting within an oil reservoir.
§ 57.22606   Explosive materials and blasting units (III mines).
(a) Mine operators shall notify the appropriate MSHA District Manager of all nonapproved explosive materials and blasting units to be used prior to their use. Explosive materials used for blasting shall be approved by MSHA under 30 CFR part 15, or nonapproved explosive materials shall be evaluated and determined by the District Manager to be safe for blasting in a potentially gassy environment. The notice shall also include the millisecond-delay interval between successive shots and between the first and last shot in a round.
(b) Faces shall be examined for proper placement of holes, possible breakthrough, and water. Ammonium nitrate blasting agents shall not be loaded into wet holes.
(c) Multiple-shot blasts shall be initiated with detonators encased in copper-based alloy shells. Aluminum and aluminum alloy-cased detonators, nonelectric detonators, detonating cord, and safety fuses shall not be used. All detonators in a round shall be made by the same manufacturer.
(d) Nonapproved explosives shall be used only as primers with ammonium nitrate-fuel oil blasting agents. Such primers shall be placed at the back or bottom of the hole.
(e) Blast holes shall be stemmed with a noncombustible material in an amount to confine the explosive charge. Breakthrough holes shall be stemmed at both ends.
(f) Mudcaps or other nonapproved unconfined shots shall not be blasted.
(g)(1) Blasting units shall be approved by MSHA under 30 CFR part 25; or
(2) Blasting units used to fire more than 20 detonators shall provide at least 2 amperes through each detonator but not more than an average of 100 amperes through one ohm for 10 milliseconds, and provide the necessary current for at least the first 5 milliseconds with a cutoff not to exceed 10 milliseconds.
§ 57.22607   Blasting on shift (III mines).
When blasting on shift, tests for methane shall be made in the mine atmosphere by a competent person before blasting. Blasting shall not be done when 1.0 percent or more methane is present.
§ 57.22608   Secondary blasting (I-A, II-A, and V-A mines).
Prior to secondary blasting, tests for methane shall be made in the mine atmosphere at blast sites by a competent person. Secondary blasting shall not be done when 0.5 percent or more methane is present.
§ 57.23000   Purpose and scope.
This subpart requires operators to develop, implement, and update a written safety program for surface mobile equipment to reduce the number and rates of accidents, injuries, and fatalities. This subpart applies to surface mobile equipment at surface areas of underground metal and nonmetal mines. The purpose of this safety program is to promote and support a positive safety culture and improve miners' safety at the mine.
§ 57.23001   Definitions.
The following definitions apply in this subpart—
Responsible person means a person with authority and responsibility to evaluate and update a written safety program for surface mobile equipment.
Surface mobile equipment means wheeled, skid-mounted, track-mounted, or rail-mounted equipment capable of moving or being moved, and any powered equipment that transports people, equipment, or materials, excluding belt conveyors, at surface areas of underground metal and nonmetal mines.
§ 57.23002   Written safety program.
(a) Each operator shall develop and implement a written safety program for surface mobile equipment that contains the elements in this subpart, no later than July 17, 2024.
(b) Each operator shall designate at least one responsible person to evaluate and update the written safety program, no later than July 17, 2024.
§ 57.23003   Requirements for written safety program.
(a) The operator shall develop and implement a written safety program that includes actions the operator will take to:
(1) Identify and analyze hazards and reduce the resulting risks related to the movement and the operation of surface mobile equipment;
(2) Develop and maintain procedures and schedules for routine maintenance and non-routine repairs for surface mobile equipment;
(3) Identify currently available and newly emerging feasible technologies that can enhance safety at the mine and evaluate whether to adopt them; and
(4) Train miners and other persons at the mine necessary to perform work to identify and address or avoid hazards related to surface mobile equipment.
(b) The responsible person shall evaluate and update the written safety program at least annually, or as mining conditions or practices change that may adversely affect the health and safety of miners or other persons, as accidents or injuries occur, or as surface mobile equipment changes or modifications are made.
(c) The operator shall solicit input from miners and their representatives in developing and updating the written safety program.
§ 57.23004   Record and inspection.
(a) The operator shall make the written safety program available for inspection by authorized representatives of the Secretary and provide a copy upon request.
(b) The operator shall make the written safety program available for inspection by miners and their representatives and, at no cost, provide a copy upon request.