Title 27—Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms--Volume 1
PART 21—FORMULAS FOR DENATURED ALCOHOL AND RUM
§ 21.1   Scope of regulations.
The regulations in this part relate to the formulation of completely denatured alcohol, specially denatured alcohol, and specially denatured rum; to the specifications for denaturants; and to the uses of denatured spirits.
§ 21.2   Forms prescribed.
(a) General. The appropriate TTB officer is authorized to prescribe all forms required by this part. All of the information called for in each form shall be furnished as indicated by the headings on the form and the instructions on or pertaining to the form. In addition, information called for in each form shall be furnished as required by this part. The form will be filed in accordance with the instructions for the form.
(b) Forms prescribed by this part are available for printing through the TTB Web site ( https://www.ttb.gov ) or by mailing a request to the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, National Revenue Center, 550 Main Street, Room 8970, Cincinnati, OH 45202.
§ 21.3   Stocks of discontinued formulas.
Denaturers, or specially denatured spirits dealers or users, having on hand stocks of denaturants or formulas of specially denatured spirits no longer authorized by this part may—
(a) Continue to supply or use those stocks in accordance with existing permits until the stocks are exhausted;
(b) Use up those stocks in any manufacturing process approved by the appropriate TTB officer, pursuant to an application filed with such officer on TTB Form 5150.19, Formula for Articles made with Specially Denatured Alcohol and Rum;
(c) On approval of an application, filed with the appropriate TTB officer and approved by such officer, destroy those stocks under whatever supervision the appropriate TTB officer requires; or
(d) Otherwise dispose of those stocks in a manner satisfactory to the appropriate TTB officer, pursuant to approval of an application.
§ 21.4   Related regulations.
The procedural and substantive requirements relative to the production of denatured alcohol and specially denatured rum are prescribed in part 19 of this chapter, and those relative to the distribution and use of denatured alcohol and specially denatured rum are prescribed in part 20 of this chapter.
§ 21.5   Denatured spirits for export.
Spirits may be denatured in accordance with formulas prescribed by the government of a foreign country to which the denatured spirits will be exported. However, the denaturer must first apply for and obtain written permission from the appropriate TTB officer. The application shall be submitted to the appropriate TTB officer and shall contain the following information:
(a) A complete list of ingredients for the spirits to be denatured.
(b) The exact amount of each ingredient to be used in denaturing the spirits.
(c) A copy (accompanied by an English translation as necessary) of the law or regulations of the foreign country to which the denatured spirits will be exported, specifying the denatured spirits formulation prescribed by that country.
§ 21.6   Incorporations by reference.
(a) “The United States Pharmacopoeia (Twentieth Revision, Official from July, 1980) and the National Formulary (Fifteenth Edition, Official from July 1, 1980)” published together as “The USP and NF Compendia,” are incorporated by reference in this part. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register. The publication is available from the United States Pharmacopoeia Convention, Inc., 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852, or may be inspected at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
(b) Material from Parts 23, 25, and 29 of the 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards is incorporated by reference in this part. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register. These publications are available from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, or may be inspected at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
(c) Material from the “Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (13th Edition 1980)” (AOAC) is incorporated by reference in this part. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register. This publication is available from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 11 North 19th Street, Suite 210, Arlington, Virginia 22209, or may be inspected at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
§ 21.7   Delegations of the Administrator.
The regulatory authorities of the Administrator contained in this part are delegated to appropriate TTB officers. These TTB officers are specified in the current version of TTB Order 1135.21, Delegation of the Administrator's Authorities in 27 CFR Part 21, Formulas for Denatured Alcohol and Rum. You may obtain a copy of this order by accessing the TTB Web site ( https://www.ttb.gov ) or by mailing a request to the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, National Revenue Center, 550 Main Street, Room 8970, Cincinnati, OH 45202.
§ 21.11   Meaning of terms.
When used in this part and in forms prescribed under this part, unless the context otherwise requires, terms have the meanings given in this section. Words in the plural form include the singular, and vice versa, and words indicating the masculine gender include the feminine. The terms “includes” and “including” do not exclude things not mentioned which are in the same general class.
Administrator. The Administrator, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department of the Treasury, Washington, DC.
Alcohol. The spirits known as ethyl alcohol, ethanol, or spirits of wine, from whatever source or by whatever process produced. The term does not include such spirits as whisky, brandy, rum, gin, or vodka.
Appropriate TTB officer. An officer or employee of the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) authorized to perform any functions relating to the administration or enforcement of this part by the current version of TTB Order 1135.21, Delegation of the Administrator's Authorities in 27 CFR Part 21, Formulas For Denatured Alcohol and Rum.
CFR. The Code of Federal Regulations.
C.D.A. Completely denatured alcohol.
Completely denatured alcohol. The spirits known as alcohol, as defined in this section, denatured pursuant to completely denatured alcohol formulas prescribed in subpart C of this part.
Denaturant. A material authorized by this part to be added to spirits in order to make those spirits unfit for beverage or internal human medicinal use.
Denatured spirits. Alcohol or rum to which denaturants have been added as provided in this part.
Essential oil. Any of the volatile odoriferous natural oils found in plants, which impart to such plants odor, and often other characteristic properties; also, imitations of such natural oils, as well as aromatic substances, and synthetic oils, which possess the denaturing characteristics of such natural oils.
Gallon. The liquid measure equivalent to the volume of 231 cubic inches.
Manufacturer or user. A person who holds a permit, issued under part 20 of this chapter, to withdraw and use specially denatured alcohol or specially denatured rum, or to recover completely or specially denatured alcohol, or specially denatured rum, or articles manufactured with denatured spirits, or a distilled spirits plant proprietor qualified under part 19 of this chapter as a processor.
N.F. The National Formulary. The lastest edition is intended unless otherwise specified. The designations “U.S.P.” and “N.F.” are considered interchangeable when preparations are transferred from one publication to the other. (For incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(a).)
Proof. The ethyl alcohol content of a liquid at 60 degrees Fahrenheit, stated as twice the percent of ethyl alcohol by volume.
Rum. Any spirits produced from sugar cane products and distilled at less than 190 proof in such manner that the spirits possess the taste, aroma, and characteristics generally attributed to rum.
S.D.A. Specially denatured alcohol.
Specially denatured alcohol. Those spirits known as alcohol, as defined in this section, denatured pursuant to the specially denatured alcohol formulas authorized under subpart D of this part.
Specially denatured rum. Those spirits known as rum, as defined in this section, denatured pursuant to the specially denatured rum formula authorized under subpart D of this part.
Spirits or distilled spirits. Alcohol or rum as defined in this part.
U.S.C. The United States Code.
U.S.P. The United States Pharmacopoeia. The latest edition is intended unless otherwise specified. The designations “U.S.P.” and “N.F.” are considered interchangeable when preparations are transferred from one publication to the other. (For incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(a).)
§ 21.21   General.
(a) Alcohol shall be completely denatured only in accordance with formulas prescribed in this subpart (or in accordance with § 21.5).
(b) Denaturers may be authorized to add a small quantity of an odorant, rust inhibitor, or dye to completely denatured alcohol. Any such addition shall be made only on approval by the appropriate TTB officer. Request for such approval shall be submitted to the appropriate TTB officer.
(c) Odorants or perfume materials may be added to denaturants authorized for completely denatured alcohol in amounts not greater than 1 part to 250, by weight. However, such addition shall not decrease the denaturing value nor change the chemical or physical constants beyond the limits of the specifications for these denaturants as prescribed in subpart E, except as to odor. Proprietors of distilled spirits plants using denaturants to which such odorants or perfume materials have been added shall inform the appropriate TTB officer, in writing, of the names and properties of the odorants or perfume materials so used.
(d) TTB will apply an analytical tolerance of ±5 percent and use standard rounding rules in determining whether completely denatured alcohol complies with the formula prescribed in this subpart (or in accordance with § 21.5).
§ 21.22   Formula No. 18.
To every 100 gallons of ethyl alcohol of not less than 160 proof add:
§ 21.23   Formula No. 19.
To every 100 gallons of ethyl alcohol of not less than 160 proof add:
§ 21.24   Formula No. 20.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of ethyl alcohol of not less than 195 proof add:
A total of 5.0 gallons of toluene.
(b) Authorized use. Restricted to fuel use, comparable to specially denatured alcohol “Use Code No.” 611, 612, 613, 620, and 630.
§ 21.25   Formula No. 35.
Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol of not less than 185 proof add:
29.75 gallons of ethyl acetate having an ester content of 100 percent by weight or the equivalent thereof not to exceed 35 gallons of ethyl acetate with an ester content of not less than 85 percent by weight.
§ 21.26   Formula No. 12-A.
Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol of not less than 185 proof add:
Five gallons of toluene or 5 gallons of heptane.
§ 21.31   General.
(a) Formulas for specially denatured spirits. Alcohol and rum shall be specially denatured only in accordance with formulas prescribed in this subpart (or in accordance with § 21.5).
(b) Proof of spirits for denaturation. Alcohol of not less than 185 proof shall be used in the manufacture of all formulas of specially denatured alcohol, unless otherwise specifically stated or unless otherwise authorized by the appropriate TTB officer. Rum for denaturation shall be of not less than 150 proof and may be denatured only in accordance with Formula No. 4.
(c) Use of Denatured Spirits. Users and manufacturers holding approved Forms 5150.19 (formerly 1479-A) covering use in processes or manufacture of products no longer authorized for a particular formula may continue that use. Pursuant to written application and subject to the provisions of 26 U.S.C. Chapter 51, part 20 of this chapter, and this part, the appropriate TTB officer, may authorize the use of any formula of specially denatured alcohol or specially denatured rum for uses not specifically authorized in this part. The code number before each item under “authorized uses” shall be used in reporting the use of specially denatured alcohol or specially denatured rum.
(d) Analytical tolerance. TTB will apply an analytical tolerance of ±5% and use standard rounding rules in determining whether specially denatured spirits complies with the formula prescribed in this subpart (or in accordance with § 21.5).
§ 21.32   Formula No. 1.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) As a raw material:
(3) As a fuel:
(4) As a fluid:
(5) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.33   Formula No. 2-B.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) As a raw material:
(3) Miscellaneous uses:
(c) Conditions governing use. This formula shall be used in a closed and continuous system unless otherwise authorized by the appropriate TTB officer.
§ 21.34   [Reserved]
§ 21.35   Formula No. 3-A.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) As a raw material:
(3) As a fuel:
(4) As a fluid:
(5) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.36   [Reserved]
§ 21.37   Formula No. 3-C.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) As a raw material:
(3) As a fuel:
(4) As a fluid:
(5) Miscellaneous uses:
(c) Conditions governing use. This formula shall not be used in manufacturing Reagent alcohol general-use formula under § 20.117 of this chapter.
§ 21.38   Formula No. 4.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol, or to every 100 gallons of rum of not less than 150 proof, add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§§ 21.39-21.40   [Reserved]
§ 21.41   Formula No. 13-A.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) As a raw material:
(3) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.42   [Reserved]
§ 21.43   Formula No. 18.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol of not less than 160 proof add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a raw material:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.44   Formula No. 19.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§§ 21.45-21.46   [Reserved]
§ 21.47   Formula No. 23-A.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) As a fluid:
(3) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.48   [Reserved]
§ 21.49   Formula No. 23-H.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.50   Formula No. 25.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.51   Formula No. 25-A.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§§ 21.52-21.54   [Reserved]
§ 21.55   Formula No. 28-A.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a fuel:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.56   Formula No. 29.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a raw material:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
(c) Conditions governing use. This formula is restricted to processes in which the alcohol loses its identity by being converted into other chemicals.
§ 21.57   Formula No. 30.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) As a raw material:
(3) As a fluid in:
(4) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.58   Formula No. 31-A.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.59   Formula No. 32.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) As a raw material:
(3) Miscellaneous uses:
§§ 21.60-21.61   [Reserved]
§ 21.62   Formula No. 35-A.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) As a raw material:
(3) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.63   Formula No. 36.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) As a raw material:
(3) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.64   Formula No. 37.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.65   Formula No. 38-B.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
If it is shown that none of the above single denaturants or combinations can be used in the manufacture of a particular product, the user may submit an application to the appropriate TTB officer, requesting permission to use another essential oil or substance having denaturing properties satisfactory to the appropriate TTB officer. In such a case the user shall furnish the appropriate TTB officer, with specifications, assay methods, the name and address of the manufacturer, and an 8-ounce sample of the denaturant for analysis.
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.66   [Reserved]
§ 21.67   Formula No. 38-D.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.68   Formula No. 38-F.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(1) Six pounds of either boric acid, N.F., Polysorbate 80, N.F., or Poloxamer 407, N.F.; 1 1 / 3 pounds of thymol, N.F.; 1 1 / 3 pounds of chlorothymol, N.F. XII; and 1 1 / 3 pounds of menthol, U.S.P.; or
(2) A total of at least 3 pounds of any two or more denaturing materials listed under Formula No. 38-B, plus sufficient boric acid, N.F., Polysorbate 80, N.F., or Poloxamer 407, N.F. to total 10 pounds of denaturant; or
(3) Seven pounds of zinc chloride, U.S.P., 2.6 fluid ounces of hydrochloric acid, N.F., and a total of 3 pounds of any two or more of the denaturing materials listed under Formula No. 38-B.
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§§ 21.69-21.70   [Reserved]
§ 21.71   Formula No. 39-B.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.72   Formula No. 39-C.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.73   Formula No. 39-D.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.74   Formula No. 40.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add 1/8 gallon of tert -butyl alcohol, and:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.75   Formula No. 40-A.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.76   Formula No. 40-B.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.77   Formula No. 40-C.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses.
(c) Conditions governing use. This formula shall be used only in the manufacture of products which will be packaged in pressurized containers in which the liquid contents are in intimate contact with the propellant and from which the contents are not easily removable in liquid form.
§ 21.78   [Reserved]
§ 21.79   Formula No. 44.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.80   Formula No. 45.
(a) Formula. To every 100 gallons of alcohol add:
(b) Authorized uses. (1) As a solvent:
(2) Miscellaneous uses:
§ 21.81   [Reserved]
§ 21.91   General.
Denaturants prescribed in this part shall comply with the specifications set forth in this subpart. However, in order to meet requirements of national defense or for other valid reasons, the appropriate TTB officer may, pursuant to written application filed by the denaturer, authorize variations from such specifications or authorize the use of substitute denaturants if such variation or substitution will not jeopardize the revenue. Each such application shall identify the applicant by name, address, and permit number; state the number of each formula of specially denatured alcohol involved; explain why the use of the substitute denaturant, or the variation from specifications, as the case may be, is necessary; and include, as applicable, either the identity of the approved denaturant for which substitution is desired and the identity of the substitute denaturant (including the name of the manufacturer) or the identity of the prescribed specifications and the proposed variation from those specifications. The application shall be accompanied by an 8-ounce sample of the proposed denaturing material for analysis. The authorization of a substitute denaturant may be published in a TTB Ruling.
§ 21.92   Denaturants listed as U.S.P. or N.F.
Denaturing materials and products listed in this part as “U.S.P.” or “N.F.” shall meet the specifications set forth in the current United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary, or the latest volume of these publications in which the denaturants appeared as official preparations.
§ 21.93   Acetaldehyde.
(a) Aldehyde content (as acetaldehyde). Not less than 95.0 percent by weight.
(b) Color. Colorless.
(c) Odor. Characteristic pungent, fruity odor.
(d) Specific gravity at 15.56 °/15.56 °C. Not less than 0.7800.
§ 21.94   Acetaldol.
(a) Purity. Not less than 90 percent by weight acetaldol as determined by the following method:
Dissolve 15 grams of the acetaldol in distilled water and dilute to 1 liter in a volumetric flask. Transfer 5 mL of this solution to a 250 mL glass-stoppered flask containing 25 mL distilled water. Add 25 mL of a freshly prepared 1 percent sodium bisulfite solution. Prepare a blank omitting the acetaldol solution. Place the flasks in a dark place away from excessive heat or cold and allow to stand six hours. Remove flasks and titrate free bisulfite with 0.1 N iodine solution using starch indicator.
Titrations in excess of 100 percent may be obtained if the sample contains appreciable amounts of acetaldehyde.
(b) Specific gravity at 20 °C. 1.098 to 1.105.
§ 21.94-T   Alkylate.
(a) API gravity at 60 °F. 70.4.
(b) Reid vapor pressure (PSI). 5.60 maximum.
(c) Distillation ( °F):
(i) I.B.P. 109.0.
(ii) 10 percent. 186.6.
(iii) 50 percent. 221.1.
(iv) 90 percent. 271.8.
(v) End point distillation. 375.7.
§ 21.95   Alpha terpineol.
(a) Boiling point at 752mm 218.8-219.4 °C.
(b) Density at 15° 0.9386.
(c) Refractive index at 20° 1.4831.
§ 21.96   Ammonia, aqueous.
(a) Alkalinity. Strongly alkaline to litmus.
(b) Ammonia content. 27 to 30 percent by weight. Accurately weigh a glass-stoppered flask containing 25 mL of water, add about 2 mL of the sample, stopper, and weigh again. Add methyl red indicator, and titrate with 1 N sulfuric acid. Each mL of 1 N sulfuric acid is equivalent to 17.03 mg of NH 3
(c) Color. Colorless liquid.
(d) Non-volatile residue. 2 mg maximum. Dilute a portion of the sample with 1 1/2 times its volume of distilled water. Evaporate 10 mL of this product to dryness in a tared platinum or porcelain dish. Dry residue at 105 °C. for 1 hour, cool and weigh.
(e) Odor. Characteristic (exceedingly pungent).
(f) Specific gravity at 20 °/4 °C. 0.8920 to 0.9010.
§§ 21.97-21.98   [Reserved]
§ 21.99   Brucine alkaloid.
(a) Identification test. Add a few drops of concentrated nitric acid to about 10 mg of brucine alkaloid. A vivid red color is produced. Dilute the red solution with a few drops of water and add a few drops of freshly made dilute stannous chloride solution. A reddish purple (violet) color is produced.
(b) Melting point. 178 °±1 °C. Dry the alkaloid in an oven for one hour at 100 °C., increase the temperature to 110° and dry to a constant weight before taking melting point.
Brucine alkaloid tetrahydrate melts at 105 °C. while the anhydrous form melts at 178 °C.
(c) Strychnine test. Brucine alkaloid shall be free of strychnine when tested by the method listed under Brucine Sulfate, N.F. IX.
If the brucine contains as much as 0.05 percent strychnine, a clear distinctive violet color, characteristic of strychnine, will be obtained.
(d) Sulfate test. No white precipitate is formed that is not dissolved by hydrochloric acid when several drops of a 1 N barium chloride solution are added to 10 mL of a solution of the alkaloid.
§ 21.100n-Butyl alcohol.
(a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.03 percent by weight maximum.
(b) Color. Colorless.
(c) Dryness at 20 °C. Miscible without turbidity with 10 volumes of 60° Bé1. gasoline.
(d) Odor. Characteristic odor.
(e) Specific gravity at 20 °/20 °C. 0.810 to 0.815.
§ 21.101   tert-Butyl alcohol.
(a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.003 percent by weight maximum.
(b) Color. Colorless.
(c) Distillation range. When 100 mL of tertiary butyl alcohol are distilled, none should distill below 78 °C. and none above 85 °C. More than 95 percent should distill between 81 °−83 °C.
(d) Dryness at 20 °C. Miscible without turbidity with 19 volumes of 60° Bé1. gasoline.
(e) Freezing point (first needle). Above 20 °C.
(f) Identification test. Place five drops of a solution containing approximately 0.1 percent tertiary butyl alcohol in ethyl alcohol in a test tube. Add 2 mL of Denige's reagent (dissolve 5 grams of red mercuric oxide in 20 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid; add this solution to 80 mL of distilled water, and filter when cool). Heat the mixture just to the boiling point and remove from the flame. A yellow precipitate forms within a few seconds.
(g) Nonvolatile matter. Less than 0.005 percent by weight.
(h) Odor. Characteristic odor.
(i) Residual odor after evaporation. None.
(j) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 0.780 to 0.786.
§ 21.102   Caustic soda, liquid.
(a) The liquid caustic soda may consist of either 50 percent or 73 percent by weight sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution. The amount of caustic soda used shall be such that each 100 gallons of alcohol will contain not less than 8.76 pounds of sodium hyroxide, anhydrous basis.
(b) Color. A 2 percent solution of the sodium hydroxide in water shall be water-white.
(c) Assay. The sodium hydroxide content of the caustic soda solution shall be determined by the following procedure:
Accurately weigh 2 grams of liquid caustic soda into a 100 mL volumetric flask, dissolve, and dilute to the mark with distilled water at room temperature. Transfer a 25 mL aliquot of the solution to a titration flask, add 10 mL of 1 percent barium chloride solution, 0.2 mL of 1 percent phenolphthalein indicator, and 50 mL of distilled water. Titrate with 0.25 N hydrochloric acid to the disappearance of the pink color. Not less than 25 mL of the hydrochloric acid shall be required to neutralize the sample of diluted 50 percent caustic soda, and not less than 36.5 mL of the hydrochloric acid shall be required to neutralize the sample of diluted 73 percent caustic soda.
One mL of 0.25 N hydrochloric acid equals 0.01 gram of sodium hydroxide (anhydrous).
§§ 21.103-21.104   [Reserved]
§ 21.105   Citronella oil, natural.
(a) Java type:
(1) Alcohol content (as Geraniol). Not less than 85 percent by weight.
(2) Aldehyde content (as Citronellal). Not less than 30 percent by weight.
(3) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4660 to 1.4745.
(4) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 0.875 to 0.893.
(5) Odor. Characteristic odor.
(b) Ceylon type:
(1) Alcohol content (as Geraniol). Not less than 55 percent by weight.
(2) Aldehyde content (as Citronellal). Not less than 7 percent by weight.
(3) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4790 to 1.4850.
(4) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 0.891 to 0.904.
(5) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.105-T1   Cornmint oil (Mentha arvensis and Mentha canadensis).
(a) Specific gravity at 25 °C. 0.895 to 0.905.
(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4580 to 1.4590.
(c) Optical rotation at 20 °C. −18° to −36°.
(d) Alcohol content (as menthol). 65 percent minimum.
(e) Ketone content (as menthone). 5 percent minimum.
§ 21.105-T2   Cyclohexane.
(a) Specific gravity at 20 °C. 0.75 to 0.80.
(b) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.106   Diethyl phthalate.
(a) Refractive index at 25 °C. 1.497 to 1.502.
(b) Color. Colorless.
(c) Odor. Practically odorless.
(d) Solubility. Soluble in 20 parts of 60 percent alcohol.
(e) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 1.115 to 1.118.
(f) Ester content (as diethyl phthalate). Not less than 99 percent by weight.
The sample taken for ester determination should be approximately 0.8 gram. The number of mL of 0.5 N potassium hydroxide used in saponification multiplied by 0.05555 indicates the number of grams of ester in the sample taken for assay.
§ 21.106-T   Distilled lime oil (Citrus aurantifolia).
(a) Specific gravity at 25 °C. 0.850 to 0.870.
(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4740 to 1.4780.
(c) Optical rotation at 20 °C. +30° to +50°.
(d) Aldehyde content (as citral). 0.5 to 3.0 percent.
(e) Terpene content (as limonene). 45 percent minimum.
§ 21.107   Ethyl acetate.
(a) 85 percent ester:
(1) Acidity (as acetic acid). Not more than 0.015 percent by weight.
(2) Color. Colorless.
(3) Odor. Characteristic odor.
(4) Ester content. Not less than 85 percent by weight.
(5) Specific gravity at 20 °/20 °C. Not less than 0.882.
(6) Distillation range. (For applicable ASTM method, see 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 29, page 70, Standard No. D 302-58 (1975); for incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(b).) When 100 mL of ethyl acetate are distilled by this method, none shall distill below 70 °C., not more than 10 mL shall distill below 72 °C., and none above 80 °C.
(b) 100 percent ester:
(1) Acidity (as acetic acid). Not more than 0.010 percent by weight.
(2) Color. Colorless.
(3) Odor. Characteristic odor.
(4) Ester content. Not less than 99 percent by weight.
(5) Specific gravity at 20 °/20 °C. Not less than 0.899.
(6) Distillation range. (For applicable ASTM method, see 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 29, page 433, Standard No. D 3127-77; for incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(b).) When 100 mL of ethyl acetate are distilled by this method, not more than 2 mL shall distill below 75 °C., and none above 80 °C. (760 mm).
§ 21.108   Ethyl ether.
(a) Odor. Characteristic odor.
(b) Specific gravity at 15.56 °/15.56 °C. Not more than 0.728.
§ 21.108-T   Ethyl tertiary butyl ether.
(a) Purity. ≥95.0 percent.
(b) Color. Colorless to light yellow.
(c) Odor. Terpene-like.
(d) Specific gravity at 20 °C. 0.70 to 0.80.
(e) Boiling point ( °C). 73.
§ 21.109   Gasoline.
(a) Distillation range. When 100 mL of gasoline are distilled, none shall distill below 90 °F. Not more than 5 mL shall be collected below 140 °F., and not less than 50 mL shall distill below 230 °F.
(b) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.110   Gasoline, unleaded.
Conforms to specifications as established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in the 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 23, page 229, Standard No. D 439-79. Any of the “seasonal and geographical” volatility classes for unleaded gasoline are considered suitable as a denaturant. (For incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(b).)
§ 21.111   [Reserved]
§ 21.112   Heptane.
(a) Distillation range. No distillate should come over below 200 °F. and none above 211 °F.
(b) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.112-T1   Hexane (mixed isomers).
(a) General. Minimum 55 percent n -hexane.
(b) Distillation range. No distillate should come over below 150 °F and none above 160 °F.
(c) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.112-T2n-Hexane.
(a) General. Minimum 97 percent purity.
(b) Distillation range. No distillate should come over below 150 °F and none above 160 °F.
(c) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.112-T3   High octane denaturant blend.
(a) API Gravity at 60 °F. 40 to 65.
(b) Reid Vapor Pressure (PSI). 6 to 15.
(c) Isopropyl alcohol. 24 to 40 percent volume.
(d) Methyl alcohol. 1.6 to 9.6 percent volume.
(e) Diisopropyl ether (DIPE). 4 to 12 percent volume.
(f) tert-Butyl alcohol. 4 to 12 percent volume.
(g) Iso-pentane. 4 to 9 percent volume.
(h) Pentane. 4 to 9 percent volume.
(i) Pentene. 0 to 2.4 percent volume.
(j) Hexane. 2 to 6 percent volume.
(k) Heptane. 1 to 3 percent volume.
(l) Sulfur (ppm). 0 to 120.
(m) Benzene (% vol.). 0 to 1.1.
(n) Distillation ( °F):
(i) 10 percent. 80 to 168.
(ii) 50 percent. 250.
(iii) End point distillation. 437.
§ 21.113   Isopropyl alcohol.
Specific gravity at 15.56 °/15.56 °C. 0.810 maximum.
§ 21.114   Kerosene.
(a) Distillation range. (For applicable ASTM method, see 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 25, page 395, Standard No. D 3699-78 for burner fuel; see Part 23, page 849, Standard Nos. D 1655-80a for aviation turbine fuels and D 86-78 for distillation of petroleum products; for incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(b).) No distillate should come over below 340 °F. and none above 570 °F.
(b) Flash point. 115 °F. minimum.
(c) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.115   Kerosene (deodorized).
(a) Distillation range. No distillate should come over below 340 °F. and none above 570 °F.
(b) Flash point. 155 °F. minimum.
§ 21.115-T1   Lemon oil (Citrus limonium).
(a) Specific gravity at 25 °C. 0.850 to 0.860.
(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4570 to 1.4580.
(c) Optical rotation at 20 °C. +55° to +65°.
(d) Terpene content (as limonene). 65 percent minimum.
§ 21.115-T2   L(-)-Carvone.
(a) Specific gravity at 25 °C. 0.955 to 0.965.
(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.495 to 1.500.
(c) Angular rotation. -57° to -62°.
(d) Assay. Not less than 97.0 percent.
§ 21.116   Methyl alcohol.
Specific gravity at 15.56 °/15.56 °C. 0.810 maximum.
§ 21.117   Methyl isobutyl ketone.
(a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.02 percent by weight, maximum.
(b) Color. Colorless.
(c) Distillation range. (For applicable ASTM method, see 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 29, page 147, Standard No. D 1153-77; for incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(b).) No distillate should come over below 111 °C. and none above 117 °C.
(d) Odor. Characteristic odor.
(e) Specific gravity at 20 °/20 °C. 0.799 to 0.804.
§ 21.118   Methyln-butyl ketone.
(a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.02 percent by weight, maximum.
(b) Color. Colorless.
(c) Odor. Characteristic odor.
(d) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.396 to 1.404.
(e) Specific gravity at 20 °/20 °C. 0.800 to 0.835.
(f) Distillation range. No distillate should come over below 123 °C. and none above 129 °C.
§ 21.118-T1   Methyl tertiary butyl ether.
(a) Purity. ≥ 97.0 percent.
(b) Color. Clear, colorless.
(c) Odor. Turpentine-like.
(d) Specific Gravity at 20 °C. 0.70 to 0.80.
(e) Boiling Point ( °C). 55.
§ 21.118-T2   Naphtha.
(a) API Gravity at 60 °F. 30 to 85.
(b) Reid Vapor Pressure (PSI). 8 maximum.
(c) Specific Gravity at 20 °C. 0.70 to 0.80.
(d) Distillation ( °F):
(i) I.B.P. 85 maximum.
(ii) 10 percent. 130 maximum.
(iii) 50 percent. 250 maximum.
(iv) 90 percent. 340 maximum.
(e) End point distillation. 380 maximum.
(f) Copper corrosion. One (1).
(g) Sabolt color. 28 minimum.
§ 21.118-T3   Natural gasoline.
Natural gasoline is a mixture of various alkanes including butane, pentane, and hexane hydrocarbons extracted from natural gas. It has a distillation range wherein no more than 10 percent by volume of the sample may distill below 97 °F; at least 50 percent by volume shall distill at or below 156 °F; and at least 90 percent by volume shall distill at or below 209 °F.
§ 21.119   Nicotine solution.
(a) Composition. Five gallons of an aqueous solution containing 40 percent nicotine; 3.6 avoirdupois ounces of methylene blue, U.S.P.; water sufficient to make 100 gallons.
(b) Color. One mL of the nicotine solution (previously agitated in the presence of air) is measured into 100 mL of water and thoroughly mixed. Fifty mL of this colored solution is compared, using Nessler tubes, with 50 mL of a standard color solution containing 5 grams of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O, C.P. in 100 mL of water. The color intensity of the solution tested should be equal to or greater than that of the standard solution.
(c) Nicotine content. The above solution must contain not less than 1.88 percent of nicotine determined by the following process: 20 mL of the solution are measured into a 500 mL Kjeldahl flask provided with a suitable bulb tube, 50 mL of 0.1 N NaOH added and the mixture distilled in a current of steam until the distillate is no longer alkaline (about 500 mL). The distillate is then titrated with 0.1 N H 2 SO 4 using rosolic acid or methyl red as indicator. Not less than 23.2 mL should be required for neutralization.
§ 21.120   Nitropropane, mixed isomers of.
(a) Nitropropane content. A minimum of 94 percent by weight.
(b) Total nitroparaffin content. A minimum of 99 percent by weight.
(c) Distillation range. 119° to 113 °C.
(d) Specific gravity at 20°/20 °C. 0.992 to 1.003.
§ 21.121   Peppermint oil, Terpeneless.
(a) Specific gravity at 25 °C. 0.890 to 0.910.
(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.455 to 1.465.
(c) Esters as menthyl acetate. 5 percent minimum.
(d) Menthol (free and esters). 5 percent minimum.
§ 21.122   Potassium Hydroxide.
(a) Color. White or yellow.
(b) Specific gravity at 20 °C. 1.95 to 2.10.
(c) Melting point. 360 °C.
(d) Boiling point. 1320 °C.
(e) pH (0.1M solution). 13.5.
§ 21.123   Pyronate.
Pyronate is a product of the destructive distillation of hardwood meeting the following requirements:
(a) Acidity (as acetic acid). Not more than 0.1 percent by weight, determined as follows:
Add 5.0 mL sample to 100 mL distilled water in an Erlenmeyer flask and titrate with 0.1 N NaOH to a bromthymol blue endpoint.
(b) Color. The color shall be no darker than the color produced by 2.0 grams of potassium dichromate in 1 liter of water. The comparision shall be made in 4-ounce oil sample bottles viewed crosswise.
(c) Distillation range. When 100 mL are distilled not more than 5 mL shall distill below 70 °C., not less than 50 mL below 160 °C., and not less than 90 mL below 205 °C.
Any material submitted as pyronate must agree in color, odor, taste and denaturing value with a standard sample furnished by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau to chemists authorized to examine samples of denaturants.
§ 21.124   Quassin.
(a) Quassin is the bitter principle of quassia wood (occurring as a mixture of two isomeric forms). It shall be a good commercial grade of purified amorphous quassin, standardized as to bitterness.
(b) Bitterness. An aqueous solution of quassin shall be distinctly bitter at a 1 to 250,000 dilution. To test: Dissolve 0.1 gram of quassin in 100 mL of 95 percent alcohol, then dilute 4 mL of the solution to 1,000 mL with distilled water, mix well and taste.
(c) Identification test. Dissolve about 0.5 gram of quassin in 10 mL of 95 percent alcohol and filter. To 5 mL of the filtrate, add 5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 1 mg of phloroglucinol and mix well. A red color develops.
(d) Optical assay. When 1 gram of quassin (in solution in a small amount of 95 percent alcohol) is dissolved in 10,000 mL of water, the absorbance of the solution in a 1 cm cell at a wavelength of 258 millimicrons shall not be less than 0.400.
(e) Solubility. When 0.5 gram of quassin is added to 25 mL of 190 proof alcohol, it shall dissolve completely.
§ 21.124-T   Raffinate.
(a) API Gravity at 60 °F. 30 to 85.
(b) Reid Vapor Pressure (PSI). 5 to 11.
(c) Octane (R+M/2). 66 to 70.
(d) Distillation ( °F):
(i) 10 percent. 120 to 150.
(ii) 50 percent. 144 to 180.
(iii) 90 percent. 168 to 200.
(iv) End point distillation. 216 to 285.
§ 21.125   Rubber hydrocarbon solvent.
(a) Rubber hydrocarbon solvent is a petroleum derivative.
(b) Distillation range. When 10 percent of the sample has been distilled into a graduated receiver, the thermometer shall not read more than 170 °F. nor less than 90 °F. When 90 percent has been recovered in the receiver the thermometer shall not read more than 250 °F.
§ 21.126   Safrole.
(a) Congealing point. 10.0° to 11.2 °C.
(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.5363 to 1.5385.
(c) Specific gravity at 15 °/15 °C. 1.100 to 1.107.
(d) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.127   Shellac (refined).
(a) Arsenic content. Not more than 1.4 parts per million as determined by the Gutzeit Method (AOAC method 25.020; for incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(c)).
(b) Color. White or orange.
(c) Rosin content. None when tested by the following method: Add 20 mL of absolute alcohol or glacial acetic acid (m. p. 13° to 15 °C.) to 2 grams of the shellac and thoroughly dissolve. Add 100 mL of petroleum ether and mix thoroughly. Add approximately 2 liters of water and separate a portion of the ether layer (at least 50 mL) and filter if cloudy. Evaporate the petroleum ether and test as follows: Solution A—5 mL of phenol dissolved in 10 mL of carbon tetrachloride. Solution B—1 mL of bromine dissolved in 4 mL of carbon tetrachloride. To the residue obtained above add 2 mL of Solution A and transfer the mixture to a porcelain spot plate, filling one cavity. Immediately fill an adjacent cavity with solution B. Cover the plate with a watch glass and observe any color formation in Solution A. A decided purple or deep indigo blue color is an indication of the presence of rosin.
§ 21.128   [Reserved]
§ 21.129   Spearmint oil, terpeneless.
(a) Carvone content. Not less than 85 percent by weight.
(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4930 to 1.4980.
(c) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 0.949 to 0.956.
(d) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.130   Spike lavender oil, natural.
(a) Alcohol content (as borneol). Not less than 30 percent by weight.
(b) Esters (as bornyl acetate). Not less than 1.5 percent by weight.
(c) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4630 to 1.4680.
(d) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 0.893 to 0.909.
(e) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.130-T   Straight run gasoline.
(a) General. Straight run gasoline is a mixture consisting predominantly (greater than 60 percent by volume) of C 4, C 5 , C 6 , C 7 and/or C 8 hydrocarbons, and is either:
(1) A petroleum distillate coming straight from an atmospheric distillation unit without being cracked or reformed, or
(2) A condensate coming directly from an oil/gas recovery operation.
(b) API gravity. 72° minimum, 85° maximum.
(c) Reid vapor pressure (PSI). 15 maximum.
(d) Sulfur. 120 ppm maximum.
(e) Benzene. 1.1 percent by volume maximum.
(f) Distillation ( °F):
(1) 10 percent. 97 minimum, 158 maximum.
(2) 50 percent. 250 maximum.
(3) Final boiling point. 437 maximum.
§ 21.131   Sucrose octaacetate.
(a) Sucrose octaacetate is an organic acetylation product occurring as a white or cream-colored powder having an intensely bitter taste.
(b) Free acid (as acetic acid). Maximum percentage 0.15 by weight when determined by the following procedure: Dissolve 1.0 gram of sample in 50 mL of neutralized ethyl alcohol (or S.D.A. No. 3-A, No. 3-C, or No. 30) and titrate with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein indicator.
(c) Insoluble matter. 0.30 percent by weight maximum.
(d) Melting point. Not less than 78.0 °C.
(e) Purity. Sucrose octaacetate 98 percent minimum by weight when determined by the following procedure: Transfer a weighed 1.50 grams sample to a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of neutral ethyl alcohol (or S.D.A. No. 3-A, No. 3-C, or No. 30) and exactly 50.0 mL of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide. Reflux for 1 hour on a steam bath, cool and titrate the excess sodium hydroxide with 0.5 N sulfuric acid using phenolphthalein indicator.
§ 21.132   Toluene.
(a) Specific Gravity at 15.56°/15.56 °C. 0.80 to 0.90.
(b) Boiling point ( °C). 110.6.
(c) Distillation range ( °C). Not more than 1 percent by volume should distill below 109, and not less than 99 percent by volume below 112.
(d) Odor. Characteristic odor.
§ 21.133   Vinegar.
(a) Vinegar, 90-grain:
Acidity (as acetic acid). 9.0 percent by weight, minimum.
(b) Vinegar, 60-grain:
Acidity (as acetic acid). 6.0 percent by weight, minimum.
§ 21.141   List of products and processes using specially denatured alcohol and rum, and formulas authorized therefor.
This section lists, alphabetically by product or process, formulas of specially denatured alcohol authorized for use in those products or processes, and lists the code numbers assigned thereto. Specially denatured rum, as well as specially denatured alcohol, may be used in tobacco sprays and flavors, Code No. 460, under Formula No. 4.
Uses of Specially Denatured Alcohol 1
1 Other products or processes may be authorized under § 21.31(c).
2 Persons desiring other formulas for this use should indicate the fact in the space provided for this purpose on TTB Form 5150.19.
§ 21.151   List of denaturants authorized for denatured spirits.
Following is an alphabetical listing of denaturants authorized for use in denatured spirits:
Denaturants Authorized for Completely Denatured Alcohol (C.D.A), Specially Denatured Alcohol (S.D.A.), and Specially Denatured Rum (S.D.R.)
§ 21.161   Weights and specific gravities of specially denatured alcohol.
The weight of one gallon of each formula of specially denatured alcohol at 15.56 °C. (60 °F.) is as listed in this section. The specific gravity of each formula of specially denatured alcohol at 15.56 °C./15.56 °C. (60 °F./60 °F.) in air is as listed in this section. (Weight of 1 gallon of water at 15.56 °C. (60 °F.) is 8.32823 pounds in air.)
Weights and Specific Gravities of Specially Denatured Alcohol 1
[Slight deviations from this table may occur due to variations in specific gravities of authorized denaturants. Values for 190 proof determined experimentally in air. Other values calculated from these gravities.]
1 Where alternate denaturants are permitted, the above weights are based on the first denaturant or combination listed in the formula.
2 With sodium iodide.
3 Calculated on the basis of 85 percent ethyl acetate.
4 Calculated on the basis of 100 percent ethyl acetate.