Context: who is 30 seconds to mars touring with

Context: Muse and PVRIS

Context: who are the members of the band?

Context: Jared Leto and Shannon Leto

Context: which was their first ever album?

Context: "30 Seconds to Mars"

Context: what is his political stance?

Context: is the singer/actor also a businessman?

Context: what is the company called?

Context: The Hive

Context: "The Game" scenes

Context: in what way has it impacted popular culture?

Context: The film was perceived as the forerunner of a new mood in American political life

Question: who is the actress mentioned above in a relationship with?

Answer: Burton

Answer: Kenneth Branagh

Answer: Kenneth Branagh

Answer: Kenneth Branagh and Tim Burton.

Explanation:
In 1994, Bonham Carter and Kenneth Branagh met while filming "Mary Shelley's Frankenstein". They began an affair while Branagh was still married to Emma Thompson, whom he had met in 1987 while filming the BBC Series "Fortunes of War" and married in 1989. At the time, Thompson's career was soaring, while Branagh was struggling to make a success of his first big-budget film ("Mary Shelley's Frankenstein"). Following his affair with Bonham Carter, Branagh and Thompson divorced in 1995. However, in 1999, after five years together, Bonham Carter and Branagh also separated.

Thompson has gone on to have "no hard feelings" towards Bonham Carter, calling the past "blood under the bridge." She explained, "You can't hold on to anything like that. It's pointless. I haven't got the energy for it. Helena and I made our peace years and years ago. She's a wonderful woman." Thompson, Branagh, and Bonham Carter all later went on to appear in the "Harry Potter" series, albeit in different films.
In 2001

Helena Bonham Carter [SEP] Relationships

He always only cast me with great embarrassment." Bonham Carter and Burton lived in adjoining houses in Belsize Park, London. Bonham Carter owned one of the houses; Burton later bought the other and they connected the two. In 2006, they bought the Mill House in Sutton Courtenay. It was previously leased by her grandmother, Violet Bonham Carter, and owned by her great-grandfather H. H. Asquith.


Context: who is 30 seconds to mars touring with

Context: Muse and PVRIS

Context: who are the members of the band?

Context: Jared Leto and Shannon Leto

Context: which was their first ever album?

Context: "30 Seconds to Mars"

Context: has the first band member also been in any movies?

Context: Yes, "How to Make an American Quilt" ,  "Fight Club" , "The Thin Red Line",  "Urban Legend"  are some of the movies

Context: what is his political stance?

Context: He supported Senator Barack Obama of Illinois during presidential election

Context: is the singer/actor also a businessman?

Context: Yes, he launched the social media management and digital marketing company and also launched the online platform

Context: what is the company called?

Context: The Hive

Context: what is the story of this actor's second movie mentioned above?

Context: The unnamed Narrator is an automobile recall specialist who is unfulfilled by his job and possessions and suffers from chronic insomnia. He finds catharsis by attending support groups and posing as a sufferer of several diseases, curing his insomni

Context: who were the other actors in this movie?

Context: Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, Helena Bonham Carter , etc.

Context: for which scenes or characters were special effects used?

Context: "The Game" scenes

Context: who is the actress mentioned above in a relationship with?

Context: Burton

Question: has she been awarded for any of her roles?

Answer: Yes, she has been the recipient of a  BAFTA Award, a Critics' Choice Movie Award, an International Emmy Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards, eight Golden Globe Awards and four Primetime Emmy Awards and many more

Explanation: Bonham Carter has been the recipient of a BAFTA Award, a Critics' Choice Movie Award, an International Emmy Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as receiving further nominations for two Academy Awards, eight Golden Globe Awards and four Primetime Emmy Awards. She has received other prestigious awards such as a Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award and two National Board of Review awards.

Answer: BAFTA Award, a Critics' Choice Movie Award, an International Emmy Award and many more.

Answer: Yes, Queen Elizabeth in "The King's Speech".

Explanation: , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as Kate Croy in "The Wings of the Dove" (1997) and for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth in "The King's Speech" (2010). For the latter role, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.

Answer: A  BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role ,the 2010 International Emmy Award for Best Actress and others.

Explanation: le as Queen Elizabeth in "The King's Speech" (2010). For the latter role, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She also won the 2010 International Emmy Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress for her role as author Enid Blyton in the BBC Four television film "Enid" (2009).

Helena Bonham Carter [SEP] Awards and nominations


Question: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Answer: It consists of horizontal bands of yellow (double width), blue and red.

Answer: The colors of the modern Ecuadorian flag evolved from those of the flag of the nation of Gran Colombia, which encompassed the territories of modern-day Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela.

Explanation: The colors of the modern Ecuadorian flag evolved from those of the flag of the nation of Gran Colombia, which encompassed the territories of modern-day Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela.

Answer: The colors of the modern Ecuadorian flag evolved from those of the flag of the nation of Gran Colombia.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Flag of Ecuador [SEP] Introduction

The national flag of Ecuador, which consists of horizontal bands of yellow (double width), blue and red, was first adopted by law in 1835 and later on 26 September 1860. The design of the current flag was finalized in 1900 with the addition of the coat of arms in the center of the flag. Before using the yellow, blue and red tricolor, Ecuador used white and blue flags that contained stars for each province of the country. The design of the flag is very similar to those of Colombia and Venezuela, which are also former constituent territories of Gran Colombia.


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: It consists of horizontal bands of yellow (double width), blue and red.

Question: who designed it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Francisco de Miranda

Explanation: Francisco de Miranda,

Answer: They are based on a proposal by Venezuelan General Francisco de Miranda.

Explanation: All three are based on a proposal by Venezuelan General Francisco de Miranda,

Answer: Miranda.

Explanation:
Miranda ascribed the colours he chose for his flag to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's theory of primary colours. In a letter written to Count Semyon Romanovich Vorontsov in 1792, Miranda described a late-night conversation which he had with Goethe at a party in Weimar, Germany during the winter of 1785. Fascinated with Miranda's account of his exploits in the American Revolutionary War and his travels throughout the Americas and Europe, Goethe told him that, "Your destiny is to create in your land a place where primary colours are not distorted.” He proceeded to clarify what he meant:
The first time the yellow, blue and red flag was flown by Miranda was in 1806 on the ship "Leander" when trying to face the Spanish forces off o

Flag of Ecuador [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: does it resemble any other flag?

Answer: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Explanation: The design of the flag is very similar to those of Colombia and Venezuela

Answer: Colombia and Venezuela

Explanation: Colombia and Venezuela, which are also former constituent territories of Gran Colom

Answer: Flags of Colombia and Venezuela.

Answer: Yes, the flag of Colombia.

Explanation: However, in practice the flag with the coat of arms is often used in place of the plain flag, especially when it is important to distinguish the latter from the flag of Colombia. I

Flag of Ecuador [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Question: which pledge is related to it?

Answer: Juramento a la Bandera

Explanation: Juramento a la Bandera

Answer: "Juramento a la Bandera" or "Pledge to the Flag."

Answer: "Juramento a la Bandera".

Answer: Pledge to the Flag.

Flag of Ecuador [SEP] Pledge and hymn

Students and military cadets in Ecuador are required to recite a pledge to the flag, known as the "Juramento a la Bandera" or "Pledge to the Flag." This pledge is usually stated during national holiday or important school functions, such as graduations. There is also a patriotic song called the "Himno a la Bandera" ("Hymn to the Flag") that is after the "Juramento a la Bandera" or before flag retirement ceremonies.


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Question: does the above latter country face any kind of shortage?

Answer: Yes, products like milk, various meats, basic necessities etc.

Answer: Yes, shortages in Venezuela have been prevalent

Answer: Shortages occur in regulated products, such as milk, various types of meat, coffee, rice, oil, flour, butter, basic necessities like toilet paper, personal hygiene products, and  medicine.

Answer: Yes, milk, various types of meat, coffee, rice, oil, flour, butter, etc.

Venezuela [SEP] Shortages

Shortages in Venezuela have been prevalent following the enactment of price controls and other policies during the economic policy of the Hugo Chávez government. Under the economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro government, greater shortages occurred due to the Venezuelan government's policy of withholding United States dollars from importers with price controls. Shortages occur in regulated products, such as milk, various types of meat, coffee, rice, oil, flour, butter, and other goods including basic necessities like toilet paper, personal hygiene products, and even medicine. As a result of the shortages, Venezuelans must search for food, wait in lines for hours and sometimes settle without having certain products.


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Context: does the above latter country face any kind of shortage?

Context: Yes, products like milk, various meats, basic necessities etc.

Question: is any rights suspended over there?

Answer: Yes, constitutional rights.

Explanation: constitutional rights

Answer: Constitutional rights in Venezuela are considered suspended in fact by many publications and public figures.

Answer: Yes, many consider the constitutional rights to be suspended.

Answer: Yes, constitutional rights.

Explanation: The 2015 parliamentary elections were held on 6 December 2015 to elect the 164 deputies and three indigenous representatives of the National Assembly. In 2014, a series of protest and demonstrations began in Venezuela, attributed to inflation, violence and shortages in Venezuela. The government has accused the protest of being motivated by fascists, opposition leaders, capitalism and foreign influence, despite being largely peaceful.

Venezuela [SEP] Suspension of constitutional rights

On 16 January 2016, Maduro approved an unconstitutional economic emergency decree, relegating to his own figure the legislative and executive powers, while also holding judiciary power through the fraudulent designation of judges the day after the election on 6 December 2015. From these events, Maduro effectively controls all three branches of government. On 14 May 2016, constitutional guarantees were in fact suspended when Maduro decreed the extension of the economic emergency decree for another 60 days and declared a State of Emergency, which is a clear violation of the Constitution of Venezuela in the Article 338th: "The approval of the extension of States of emergency corresponds to the National Assembly." Thus, constitutional rights in Venezuela are considered suspended in fact by many publications and public figures.


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Context: is any rights suspended over there?

Context: Yes, constitutional rights.

Question: why?

Answer: The approval of the extension of States of emergency corresponds to the National Assembly.

Answer: It is attributed to inflation, violence and shortages in Venezuela.

Answer: Action by the government led by Maduro.

Explanation: On 16 January 2016, Maduro approved an unconstitutional economic emergency decree, relegating to his own figure the legislative and executive powers, while also holding judiciary power through the fraudulent designation of judges the day after the election on 6 December 2015. From these events, Maduro effectively controls all three branches of government. On 14 May 2016, constitutional guarantees were in fact suspended when Maduro decreed the extension of the economic emergency decree for another 60 days and declared a State of Emergency, which is a clear violation of the Constitution of Venezuela in the Article 338th: "The approval of the extension of States of emergency corresponds to the National Assembly." Thus, constitutional rights in Venezuela are considered suspended in fact by many publications and public figures.

Answer: A series of protest and demonstrations began in Venezuela, attributed to inflation, violence and shortages in Venezuela.

Explanation: In 2014, a series of protest and demonstrations began in Venezuela, attributed to inflation, violence and shortages in Venezuela. The government has accused the protest of being motivated by fascists, opposition leaders, capitalism and foreign influence, despite being largely peaceful.


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Context: is any rights suspended over there?

Context: Yes, constitutional rights.

Context: why?

Context: The approval of the extension of States of emergency corresponds to the National Assembly.

Question: which government is in power here during 1999 and onwards?

Answer: The Bolivarian government

Explanation: The Bolivarian

Answer: The Bolivarian government

Explanation: he Bolivarian

Answer: Hugo Chávez led the government from 1999 to 2013.

Explanation: A collapse in confidence in the existing parties led to Chávez being elected president in 1998 and the subsequent launch of a "Bolivarian Revolution", beginning with a 1999 Constituent Assembly to write a new Constitution of Venezuela. Chávez also initiated Bolivarian missions, programs aimed at helping the poo

Answer: Hugo Chávez's government.

Venezuela [SEP] Bolivarian government: 1999–present

The Bolivarian Revolution refers to a left-wing populism social movement and political process in Venezuela led by Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, who founded the Fifth Republic Movement in 1997 and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela in 2007. The "Bolivarian Revolution" is named after Simón Bolívar, an early 19th-century Venezuelan and Latin American revolutionary leader, prominent in the Spanish American wars of independence in achieving the independence of most of northern South America from Spanish rule. According to Chávez and other supporters, the "Bolivarian Revolution" seeks to build a mass movement to implement Bolivarianism—popular democracy, economic independence, equitable distribution of revenues, and an end to political corruption—in Venezuela.


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Context: is any rights suspended over there?

Context: Yes, constitutional rights.

Context: why?

Context: which government is in power here during 1999 and onwards?

Context: The Bolivarian government

Question: can you name any person from this government form?

Answer: Hugo Chávez

Explanation: Hugo Chávez

Answer: Simón Bolívar

Explanation: Simón Bolívar,

Answer: Yes, Hugo Chávez.

Explanation: The Bolivarian Revolution refers to a left-wing populism social movement and political process in Venezuela led by Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez,

Answer: Simón Bolívar.

Explanation: volution refers to a left-wing populism social movement and political process in Venezuela led by Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, who founded the Fifth Republic Movement in 1997 and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela in 2007. The "Bolivarian Revolution" is named after Simón Bolívar, an early 19th-century Venezuelan and Latin American revolutionary leader, prominent in the Spanish American wars of independence in achi


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Context: is any rights suspended over there?

Context: Yes, constitutional rights.

Context: why?

Context: The Bolivarian government

Context: can you name any person from this government form?

Context: Hugo Chávez

Question: how is he connected to it?

Answer: He was a Venezuelan president and founded the Fifth Republic Movement.

Answer: Founded the clandestine Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 in the early 1980s

Explanation: clandestine Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) in the early 1980s

Answer: He was the president of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013.

Explanation: The Bolivarian Revolution refers to a left-wing populism social movement and political process in Venezuela led by Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez,

Answer: It is led by him.

Explanation: he Bolivarian Revolution refers to a left-wing populism social movement and political process in Venezuela led by Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, who founded the Fifth Republic Movement in 1997 and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela in 2007. The "Bolivarian Revolution


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Context: is any rights suspended over there?

Context: Yes, constitutional rights.

Context: why?

Context: The Bolivarian government

Context: Hugo Chávez

Context: how is he connected to it?

Context: He was a Venezuelan president and founded the Fifth Republic Movement.

Question: when was the foundation found?

Answer: July 1997

Explanation: July 1997

Answer: July 1997

Answer: July 1997.

Answer: July 1997.

Fifth Republic Movement [SEP] Introduction

The Fifth Republic Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento V [Quinta] República", MVR) was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela. It was founded in July 1997, following a national congress of the Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200, to support the candidacy of Hugo Chávez, the former President of Venezuela, in the 1998 presidential election. The "Fifth Republic" refers to the fact that in 1997 the Republic of Venezuela was the fourth in Venezuelan history, and the Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly. Following Chávez' 1998 election victory, this took place in 1999, leading to the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela. At the legislative elections on 30 July 2000, the party won 91 out of 165 seats in the National Assembly.


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Context: is any rights suspended over there?

Context: Yes, constitutional rights.

Context: why?

Context: The Bolivarian government

Context: Hugo Chávez

Context: how is he connected to it?

Context: when was the foundation found?

Context: July 1997

Question: what was the movement about?

Answer: It was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela.

Explanation: was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela.

Answer: It was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela.

Answer: The Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly.

Explanation: The "Fifth Republic" refers to the fact that in 1997 the Republic of Venezuela was the fourth in Venezuelan history, and the Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly.

Answer: The Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly.

Explanation: fact that in 1997 the Republic of Venezuela was the fourth in Venezuelan history, and the Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly. Following Chávez' 1998 election victory, this took place in 1999, leading to the 19


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Context: is any rights suspended over there?

Context: Yes, constitutional rights.

Context: why?

Context: The Bolivarian government

Context: Hugo Chávez

Context: how is he connected to it?

Context: when was the foundation found?

Context: July 1997

Context: what was the movement about?

Context: It was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela.

Question: can you mention one of its aims?

Answer: They were committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor.

Answer: The party was committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor.

Explanation: The party was committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor.

Answer: The Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly.

Explanation: The "Fifth Republic" refers to the fact that in 1997 the Republic of Venezuela was the fourth in Venezuelan history, and the Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly.

Answer: To re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly.

Explanation: d the Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly. Following Chávez' 1998 election victory, this took place in 1999, leading to the 1999 Cons

Fifth Republic Movement [SEP] Aims


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Context: is any rights suspended over there?

Context: Yes, constitutional rights.

Context: why?

Context: The Bolivarian government

Context: Hugo Chávez

Context: how is he connected to it?

Context: when was the foundation found?

Context: July 1997

Context: what was the movement about?

Context: can you mention one of its aims?

Context: They were committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor.

Question: was it dissolved?

Answer: No, but there were plans to dissolve the party.

Explanation: plans to dissolve the party

Answer: Yes, government would follow suit and collectively form United Socialist Party of Venezuela.

Answer: On 18 December 2006, Hugo Chávez announced plans to dissolve the party.

Answer: Yes.

Fifth Republic Movement [SEP] Dissolution

On 18 December 2006, Hugo Chávez announced plans to dissolve the party, hoping that the 23 other parties that supported his government would follow suit and collectively form the proposed United Socialist Party of Venezuela. Elections the MVR participated in:


Context: what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it resemble any other flag?

Context: Yes, Colombia and Venezuela

Context: which pledge is related to it?

Context: Juramento a la Bandera

Context: is any rights suspended over there?

Context: Yes, constitutional rights.

Context: why?

Context: The Bolivarian government

Context: Hugo Chávez

Context: how is he connected to it?

Context: when was the foundation found?

Context: July 1997

Context: what was the movement about?

Context: can you mention one of its aims?

Context: was it dissolved?

Context: No, but there were plans to dissolve the party.

Question: when did the mentioned revolution start?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: the movement of food in food pipe is called

Answer: Peristaltic contractions.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Peristaltic contractions

Explanation: The esophagus, (American English) or oesophagus (British English; see spelling differences) (), informally known as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Esophagus [SEP] Swallowing

Food is ingested through the mouth and when swallowed passes first into the pharynx and then into the esophagus. The esophagus is thus one of the first components of the digestive system and the gastrointestinal tract. After food passes through the esophagus, it enters the stomach. When food is being swallowed, the epiglottis moves backward to cover the larynx, preventing food from entering the trachea. At the same time, the upper esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing a bolus of food to enter. Peristaltic contractions of the esophageal muscle push the food down the esophagus. These rhythmic contractions occur both as a reflex response to food that is in the mouth, and also as a response to the sensation of food within the esophagus itself.


Context: the movement of food in food pipe is called

Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Question: enumerate any notable structural mention?

Answer: Taste buds, mediastinum, diaphragm, trachea, etc.

Explanation: The esophagus is one of the upper parts of the digestive system. There are taste buds on its upper part. It begins at the back of the mouth, passing downwards through the rear part of the mediastinum, through the diaphragm, and into the stomach. In humans, the esophagus generally starts around the level of the sixth cervical vertebra behind the cricoid cartilage of the trachea, enters the diaphragm at about the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra, and ends at the cardia of the stomach, at the level of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. The esophagus is usually about 25 cm (10 in) in length.

Answer: There are taste buds on its upper part. It begins at the back of the mouth, passing downwards through the rear part of the mediastinum, through the diaphragm, and into the stomach.

Answer: Taste buds, mediastinum, diaphragm, stomach

Answer: The esophagus is one of the upper parts of the digestive system. There are taste buds on its upper part. It begins at the back of the mouth, passing downwards through the rear part of the mediastinum, through the diaphragm, and into the stomach.

Esophagus [SEP] Structure

All these veins drain into the superior vena cava, with the exception of the left gastric vein, which is a branch of the portal vein. Lymphatically, the upper third of the esophagus drains into the deep cervical lymph nodes, the middle into the superior and posterior mediastinal lymph nodes, and the lower esophagus into the gastric and celiac lymph nodes. This is similar to the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal structures that arise from the foregut, which all drain into the celiac nodes. The upper esophagus lies at the back of the mediastinum behind the trachea, adjoining along the tracheoesophageal stripe, and in front of the erector spinae muscles and the vertebral column.


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: enumerate any notable structural mention?

Context: Taste buds, mediastinum, diaphragm, trachea, etc.

Question: what does the first thing mentioned here compose of?

Answer: Taste receptor cells.

Answer: It contains the taste receptor cells, which are also known as gustatory cells.

Answer: Taste receptor cells, which are also known as gustatory cells.

Answer: Taste buds contain the taste receptor cells

Taste bud [SEP] Introduction

Taste buds contain the taste receptor cells, which are also known as gustatory cells. The taste receptors are located around the small structures known as papillae found on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus, the cheek, and epiglottis. These structures are involved in detecting the five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet and umami. A popular myth assigns these different tastes to different regions of the tongue; in reality these tastes can be detected by any area of the tongue. Via small openings in the tongue epithelium, called taste pores, parts of the food dissolved in saliva come into contact with the taste receptors.


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: what does the first thing mentioned here compose of?

Context: Taste receptor cells.

Question: does it have any functionality?

Answer: Yes, they are involved in detecting the five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet and umami.

Explanation: These structures are involved in detecting the five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet and umami.

Answer: These structures are involved in detecting the five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet and umami.

Answer: These structures are involved in detecting the five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet and umami.

Answer: They  are involved in detecting the five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet and umami.

Taste bud [SEP] Introduction


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: Taste receptor cells.

Context: does it have any functionality?

Context: Yes, they are involved in detecting the five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet and umami.

Question: where does the last word derive it's name from?

Answer: Japanese.

Answer: A loanword from the Japanese , "umami" can be translated as "pleasant savory taste".

Answer: It has been described as savory and is characteristic of broths and cooked meats.

Explanation: Umami (, from ) or savoriness is one of the five basic tastes (together with sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and saltiness). It has been described as savory and is characteristic of broths and cooked meats.

Answer: From Japanese , "umami" can be translated as "pleasant savory taste"

Umami [SEP] Etymology

A loanword from the Japanese , "umami" can be translated as "pleasant savory taste". This neologism was coined in 1908 by Japanese chemist Kikunae Ikeda from a nominalization of "umai" () "delicious". The compound (with "mi" () "taste") is used for a more general sense of a food as delicious.


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: Taste receptor cells.

Context: does it have any functionality?

Context: where does the last word derive it's name from?

Context: Japanese.

Question: when was it discovered?

Answer: 1908.

Answer: This neologism was coined in 1908 by Japanese chemist Kikunae Ikeda from a nominalization of "umai" () "delicious".

Explanation: This neologism was coined in 1908 by Japanese chemist Kikunae Ikeda from a nominalization of "umai" () "delicious".

Answer: 1908

Answer: 1908

Umami [SEP] Discovery

Glutamate has a long history in cooking. Fermented fish sauces (garum), which are rich in glutamate, were used widely in ancient Rome, fermented barley sauces (murri) rich in glutamate were used in medieval Byzantine and Arab cuisine, and fermented fish sauces and soy sauces have histories going back to the 3rd century in China. In the late-1800s, chef Auguste Escoffier, who opened restaurants in Paris and London, created meals that combined umami with salty, sour, sweet, and bitter tastes. He did not know the chemical source of this unique quality, however. Umami was first scientifically identified in 1908 by Kikunae Ikeda, a professor of the Tokyo Imperial University.


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: Taste receptor cells.

Context: does it have any functionality?

Context: Japanese.

Context: when was it discovered?

Question: what is it define as?

Answer: As a savory and is characteristic of broths and cooked meats.

Answer: It is one of the five basic tastes.

Answer: Savoriness - described as savory and is characteristic of broths and cooked meats.

Answer: It has been described as savory and is characteristic of broths and cooked meats.

Umami [SEP] Introduction

Umami (, from ) or savoriness is one of the five basic tastes (together with sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and saltiness). It has been described as savory and is characteristic of broths and cooked meats. People taste umami through taste receptors that typically respond to glutamates, which are widely present in meat broths and fermented products and commonly added to some foods in the form of monosodium glutamate (MSG) or related substances. Since umami has its own receptors rather than arising out of a combination of the traditionally recognized taste receptors, scientists now consider umami to be a distinct taste. Foods that have a strong umami flavor include broths, gravies, soups, shellfish, fish (including fish sauce and preserved fish such as maldive fish), tomatoes, mushrooms, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, meat extract, yeast extract, cheeses, and soy sauce.


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: Taste receptor cells.

Context: does it have any functionality?

Context: Japanese.

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: what is it define as?

Context: As a savory and is characteristic of broths and cooked meats.

Question: enumerate any particular properties mentioned?

Answer: It has a mild but lasting aftertaste associated with salivation and a sensation of furriness on the tongue, stimulating the throat, the roof and the back of the mouth.

Answer: It has a mild but lasting aftertaste associated with salivation and a sensation of furriness on the tongue, stimulating the throat, the roof and the back of the mouth.

Answer: It has a mild but lasting aftertaste associated with salivation and a sensation of furriness on the tongue, stimulating the throat, the roof and the back of the mouth.

Answer: Umami has a mild but lasting aftertaste associated with salivation and a sensation of furriness on the tongue, stimulating the throat, the roof and the back of the mouth.

Umami [SEP] Properties

Umami has a mild but lasting aftertaste associated with salivation and a sensation of furriness on the tongue, stimulating the throat, the roof and the back of the mouth. By itself, umami is not palatable, but it makes a great variety of foods pleasant, especially in the presence of a matching aroma. Like other basic tastes, umami is pleasant only within a relatively narrow concentration range. The optimum umami taste depends also on the amount of salt, and at the same time, low-salt foods can maintain a satisfactory taste with the appropriate amount of umami. One study showed that ratings of pleasantness, taste intensity, and ideal saltiness of low-salt soups were greater when the soup contained umami, whereas low-salt soups without umami were less pleasant.


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: Taste receptor cells.

Context: does it have any functionality?

Context: Japanese.

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: what is it define as?

Context: enumerate any particular properties mentioned?

Context: It has a mild but lasting aftertaste associated with salivation and a sensation of furriness on the tongue, stimulating the throat, the roof and the back of the mouth.

Question: is there a mention of food stuff having high proportions of the said thing?

Answer: Yes, mushrooms, smoked or fermented fish, shellfish, etc.

Answer: Fish, shellfish, cured meats, meat extracts, mushrooms and vegetables.

Answer: Yes, meats and vegetables, mushrooms especially dried shiitake, smoked or fermented fish.

Answer: Mushrooms, especially dried shiitake, are rich sources of umami flavor from guanylate. Smoked or fermented fish are high in inosinate, and shellfish in adenylate.

Umami [SEP] Foods rich in umami components

Many foods are rich in the amino acids imparting umami. Naturally occurring glutamate can be found in meats and vegetables. Inosinate (another name for IMP) comes primarily from meats and guanylate from vegetables. Mushrooms, especially dried shiitake, are rich sources of umami flavor from guanylate. Smoked or fermented fish are high in inosinate, and shellfish in adenylate. Generally, umami taste is common to foods that contain high levels of L-glutamate, IMP and GMP, most notably in fish, shellfish, cured meats, meat extracts, mushrooms, vegetables (e.g., ripe tomatoes, Chinese cabbage, spinach, celery, etc.), green tea, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, and fermented and aged products involving bacterial or yeast cultures, such as cheeses, shrimp pastes, fish sauce, soy sauce, nutritional yeast, and yeast extracts such as Vegemite and Marmite.


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: Taste receptor cells.

Context: does it have any functionality?

Context: Japanese.

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: what is it define as?

Context: is there a mention of food stuff having high proportions of the said thing?

Context: Yes, mushrooms, smoked or fermented fish, shellfish, etc.

Question: what is the definition of the last food item?

Answer: It is an exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food.

Answer: It is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food.

Answer: It is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.

Answer: Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.

Shellfish [SEP] Introduction

Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater environments, some are found in freshwater. In addition, a few species of land crabs are eaten, for example "Cardisoma guanhumi" in the Caribbean. Shellfish are among the most common food allergens. Despite the name, "shellfish" are not actually fish, but are simply water-dwelling animals. Most shellfish are low on the food chain and eat a diet composed primarily of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Many varieties of shellfish, and crustaceans in particular, are actually closely related to insects and arachnids; crustaceans make up one of the main subphyla of the phylum Arthropoda.


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: Taste receptor cells.

Context: does it have any functionality?

Context: Japanese.

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: what is it define as?

Context: what is the definition of the last food item?

Context: It is an exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food.

Question: are there any benefits by it's consumption?

Answer: It is an important source of protein.

Answer: Yes, it provides an important source of protein in many cuisines around the world.

Explanation: Archaeological finds have shown that humans have been making use of shellfish as a food item for hundreds of thousands of years. In the present, shellfish dishes are a feature of almost all the cuisines of the world, providing an important source of protein in many cuisines around the world, especially in the countries with coastal areas.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Shellfish dishes are a feature of almost all the cuisines of the world, providing an important source of protein in many cuisines around the world

Shellfish [SEP] Shellfish in various cuisines


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: Taste receptor cells.

Context: does it have any functionality?

Context: Japanese.

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: what is it define as?

Context: are there any benefits by it's consumption?

Context: It is an important source of protein.

Question: what is the relevance of this kind of food in the country mentioned earlier?

Answer: In the Japanese cuisine, chefs often use shellfish and their roe in different dishes.

Answer: In the Japanese cuisine, chefs often use shellfish and their roe in different dishes.

Answer: In the Japanese cuisine, chefs often use shellfish and their roe in different dishes; sushi features both raw and cooked shellfish.

Answer: In the Japanese cuisine, chefs often use shellfish and their roe in Sushi, a variety of dish.

Shellfish [SEP] In Japan

In the Japanese cuisine, chefs often use shellfish and their roe in different dishes. Sushi (vinegared rice, topped with other ingredients, including shellfish, fish, meat and vegetables) features both raw and cooked shellfish. Sashimi primarily consists of very fresh raw seafood, sliced into thin pieces. Both sushi and sashimi are served with soy sauce and wasabi paste (a Japanese horseradish root, a spice with extremely strong, hot flavor), thinly sliced pickled ginger root, and a simple garnish such as shiso (a kitchen herb, member of the mint family) or finely shredded daikon radish, or both.


Context: Peristaltic contractions.

Context: Taste receptor cells.

Context: does it have any functionality?

Context: Japanese.

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: what is it define as?

Context: It is an important source of protein.

Context: what is the relevance of this kind of food in the country mentioned earlier?

Context: In the Japanese cuisine, chefs often use shellfish and their roe in different dishes.

Question: what is the other thing other than shellfish mentioned in the above answer?

Answer: Roe or hard roe is the fully ripe internal egg masses in the ovaries, or the released external egg masses of fish and certain marine animals, such as shrimp, scallop, sea urchins, and squid.

Answer: It is the fully ripe internal egg masses in the ovaries, or the released external egg masses of fish.

Answer: Sushi is traditionally made with medium-grain white rice, though it can be prepared with brown rice or short-grain rice.

Explanation: Sushi is traditionally made with medium-grain white rice, though it can be prepared with brown rice or short-grain rice.

Answer: It  is the fully ripe internal egg masses in the ovaries, or the released external egg masses of fish and certain marine animals, such as shrimp, scallop, sea urchins, and squid.

Roe [SEP] Introduction

Roe () or hard roe is the fully ripe internal egg masses in the ovaries, or the released external egg masses of fish and certain marine animals, such as shrimp, scallop, sea urchins, and squid. As a seafood, roe is used both as a cooked ingredient in many dishes and as a raw ingredient. The roe of marine animals, such as the roe of lumpsucker, hake, mullet, salmon, Atlantic bonito, mackerel, squid, and cuttlefish are especially rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids, but omega-3s are present in all fish roe. Also, a significant amount of vitamin B is among the nutrients present in fish roes.


Question: how many lengths did secretariat win the belmont stakes

Answer: 31 lengths.

Answer: He won by 31 lengths.

Explanation: Secretariat (March 30, 1970 – October 4, 1989) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who, in 1973, became the first Triple Crown winner in 25 years. His record-breaking victory in the Belmont Stakes, which he won by 31 lengths, is widely regarded as one of the greatest races in history.

Answer: 31 lengths

Explanation: 31 lengths

Answer: 31 lengths

Secretariat (horse) [SEP] Belmont Stakes

Secretariat, however, did not falter. Turcotte said, "This horse really paced himself. He is smart: I think he knew he was going miles, I never pushed him." In the stretch, Secretariat opened a lead of almost of a mile on the rest of the field. At the finish, he won by 31 lengths, breaking the margin-of-victory record set by Triple Crown winner Count Fleet in 1943 of 25 lengths. CBS Television announcer Chic Anderson described the horse's pace in a famous commentary: The time for the race was not only a record, it was the fastest miles on dirt in history, 2:24 flat, breaking by more than two seconds the track and stakes record of 2:26 set 16 years earlier by Gallant Man.


Context: how many lengths did secretariat win the belmont stakes

Context: 31 lengths.

Question: who was "secretariat"?

Answer: An American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Answer: He was an American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Answer: It was an American Thoroughbred racehorse

Explanation: was an American Thoroughbred racehorse

Answer: Secretariat was an American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Secretariat (horse) [SEP] Introduction

Secretariat (March 30, 1970 – October 4, 1989) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who, in 1973, became the first Triple Crown winner in 25 years. His record-breaking victory in the Belmont Stakes, which he won by 31 lengths, is widely regarded as one of the greatest races in history. During his racing career, he won five Eclipse Awards, including Horse of the Year honors at ages two and three. He was nominated to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1974. In the List of the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century, Secretariat is second only to Man o' War (racing career 1919–1920), who also was a large chestnut colt given the nickname "Big Red".


Context: 31 lengths.

Context: who was "secretariat"?

Context: An American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Question: who owned this horse?

Answer: Penny Chenery.

Answer: Penny Chenery

Answer: Penny Chenery

Explanation: Penny Chenery

Answer: Secretariat was officially bred by Christopher Chenery's Meadow Stud, but the breeding was actually arranged by Penny Chenery (then known as Penny Tweedy), who had taken over the running of the stable in 1968 when her father became ill.

Explanation: Secretariat was officially bred by Christopher Chenery's Meadow Stud, but the breeding was actually arranged by Penny Chenery (then known as Penny Tweedy), who had taken over the running of the stable in 1968 when her father became ill. Secretariat was sired by Bold Ruler and his dam was Somethingroyal, a daughter of Princequillo. Bold Ruler was the leading sire in North America from 1963 to 1969 and again in 1973.

Secretariat (horse) [SEP] Background

Chenery later said that both owners hoped they would lose the coin toss, which was held in the fall of 1969 in the office of New York Racing Association Chairman Alfred G. Vanderbilt II, with Arthur "Bull" Hancock of Claiborne Farm as witness. Ogden Phipps won the toss and took the 1969 weanling filly out of Somethingroyal. The filly was named The Bride and never won a race, though she did later become a stakes producer. Chenery received the Hasty Matelda colt in 1969 and the as-yet-unborn 1970 foal of Somethingroyal, which turned out to be Secretariat.


Context: 31 lengths.

Context: who was "secretariat"?

Context: An American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Context: who owned this horse?

Context: Penny Chenery.

Question: how many years did it's career is racing last?

Answer: From 1972 to 1973.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Secretariat (horse) [SEP] Canadian International Stakes

The syndication deal for Secretariat precluded the horse racing past age three. Accordingly, Secretariat's last race was against older horses in the Canadian International Stakes over one and five-eighths miles on the turf at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on October 28, 1973. The race was chosen in part because of long-time ties between E.P. Taylor and the Chenery family, and partly to honor Secretariat's Canadian connections, Laurin and Turcotte. Turcotte missed the race with a five-day suspension: Eddie Maple got the mount. The day of the race was cold, windy and wet, but the Marshall turf course was firm.


Context: 31 lengths.

Context: who was "secretariat"?

Context: An American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Context: who owned this horse?

Context: Penny Chenery.

Context: how many years did it's career is racing last?

Context: From 1972 to 1973.

Question: which was the last race the horse competed in?

Answer: Canadian International Stakes .

Explanation: The syndication deal for Secretariat precluded the horse racing past age three. Accordingly, Secretariat's last race was against older horses in the Canadian International Stakes over one and five-eighths miles on the turf at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on October 28, 1

Answer: Kentucky Derby

Explanation: At age three, Secretariat not only won the Triple Crown, he set speed records in all three races. His time in the Kentucky Derby still stands as the Churchill Downs track record for miles, and his time in the Belmont Stakes stands as the American record for miles on the dirt. His controversial time in the Preakness Stakes was eventually recognized as a stakes record in 2012.

Answer: Canadian International Stakes

Answer: Canadian International Stakes

Explanation: Accordingly, Secretariat's last race was against older horses in the Canadian International Stakes over one and five-eighths miles on the turf at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on October 28, 1973.


Context: 31 lengths.

Context: who was "secretariat"?

Context: An American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Context: who owned this horse?

Context: Penny Chenery.

Context: From 1972 to 1973.

Context: which was the last race the horse competed in?

Context: Canadian International Stakes .

Question: where is this competition held?

Answer: Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario.

Answer: Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Explanation: The syndication deal for Secretariat precluded the horse racing past age three. Accordingly, Secretariat's last race was against older horses in the Canadian International Stakes over one and five-eighths miles on the turf at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on October 28, 1973.

Answer: Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Answer: Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada


Context: 31 lengths.

Context: who was "secretariat"?

Context: An American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Context: who owned this horse?

Context: Penny Chenery.

Context: From 1972 to 1973.

Context: Canadian International Stakes .

Context: where is this competition held?

Context: Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario.

Question: who built this racetrack?

Answer: The Ontario Jockey Club under E.P. Taylor.

Explanation:
 Ontario Jockey Club (OJC) and held the prestigious King's Plate, but competed with several other racetracks in Ontario and was in need of modernization.

During the 1950s, the OJC, under the leadership of Canadian industrialist and horse breeder E. P. Taylor began a program of racetrack acquisitions aimed at becoming the biggest and most profitable operator in Ontario horse racing, similar to Taylor's earlier acquisitions and consolidations in the Canadian brewing industry. In 1952, the OJC purchased and closed the money-losing Thorncliffe Park, purchased and closed the Hamilton Racetrack, and purchased the Fort Erie Racetrack for . Renovations began immediately at Fort Erie and at Woodbine

Answer: In 1951, it was operated by the Ontario Jockey Club (OJC).

Explanation: In 1951, it was operated by the Ontario Jockey Club (OJC) and held the prestigious King's Plate, but competed with several other racetracks in Ontario and was in need of modernization.

Answer: Woodbine Entertainment Group

Explanation: Woodbine Entertainment Group

Answer: Earle C. Morgan

Explanation: . The architect chosen was Earle C. Morgan

Woodbine Racetrack [SEP] History

In 1952, the OJC purchased and closed the money-losing Thorncliffe Park, purchased and closed the Hamilton Racetrack, and purchased the Fort Erie Racetrack for . Renovations began immediately at Fort Erie and at Woodbine, financed by a public offering of stock for . In 1953, the OJC bought Stamford Park in Belleville. It was closed and redeveloped. In 1955, Taylor himself purchased the competing Orpen-owned Dufferin Park Racetrack and Long Branch Racetracks for million ($ in dollars). The Orpen tracks were closed and redeveloped and the Orpen race charters transferred to the OJC. The OJC continued the Canadian International and Cup and Saucer stakes races that had been held at the Orpen tracks.


Context: 31 lengths.

Context: who was "secretariat"?

Context: An American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Context: who owned this horse?

Context: Penny Chenery.

Context: From 1972 to 1973.

Context: Canadian International Stakes .

Context: where is this competition held?

Context: Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario.

Context: who built this racetrack?

Context: The Ontario Jockey Club under E.P. Taylor.

Question: how did the above mentioned horse die?

Answer: He was euthanized.

Answer: He became afflicted with laminitis—a painful and debilitating hoof condition and he was euthanized on October 4 at the age of 19.

Answer: Secretariat became afflicted with laminitis, after a month of treatment, he was euthanized

Answer: Secretariat became afflicted with laminitis—a painful and debilitating hoof condition.

Secretariat (horse) [SEP] Death

In the fall of 1989, Secretariat became afflicted with laminitis—a painful and debilitating hoof condition. When his condition failed to improve after a month of treatment, he was euthanized on October 4 at the age of 19. Secretariat was buried at Claiborne Farm, given the rare honor of being buried whole (traditionally only the head, heart, and hooves of a winning race horse are buried). At the time of Secretariat's death, the veterinarian who performed the necropsy, Dr. Thomas Swerczek, head pathologist at the University of Kentucky, did not weigh Secretariat's heart, but stated, "We just stood there in stunned silence.


Context: 31 lengths.

Context: who was "secretariat"?

Context: An American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Context: who owned this horse?

Context: Penny Chenery.

Context: From 1972 to 1973.

Context: Canadian International Stakes .

Context: where is this competition held?

Context: Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario.

Context: who built this racetrack?

Context: how did the above mentioned horse die?

Context: He was euthanized.

Question: why was he euthanized?

Answer: Secretariat became afflicted with laminitis—a painful and debilitating hoof condition. When his condition failed to improve after a month of treatment, he was euthanized.

Answer: He became afflicted with laminitis—a painful and debilitating hoof condition.

Answer: His condition failed to improve after a month of treatment, for laminitis

Answer: Secretariat became afflicted with laminitis—a painful and debilitating hoof condition which failed to improve after a month of treatment.

Explanation: In the fall of 1989, Secretariat became afflicted with laminitis—a painful and debilitating hoof condition. When his condition failed to improve after a month of treatment, he was euthanized on October 4 at the age of 19.

Secretariat (horse) [SEP] Death


Context: 31 lengths.

Context: who was "secretariat"?

Context: An American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Context: who owned this horse?

Context: Penny Chenery.

Context: From 1972 to 1973.

Context: Canadian International Stakes .

Context: where is this competition held?

Context: Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario.

Context: who built this racetrack?

Context: how did the above mentioned horse die?

Context: He was euthanized.

Context: why was he euthanized?

Context: Secretariat became afflicted with laminitis—a painful and debilitating hoof condition. When his condition failed to improve after a month of treatment, he was euthanized.

Question: what is the cause of this illness?

Answer: A severe inflammatory event is thought to damage the basal epithelial cells, resulting in dysfunction of the hemidesmosomes and subsequent reduction in adherence between the epithelial cells and the basement membrane. Normal forces placed on the hoof are then strong enough to tear the remaining laminae, resulting in a failure of the interdigitation of the epidermal and dermal laminae between the hoof wall and the coffin bone.

Answer: It has multiple causes, some of which commonly occur together.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Laminitis has multiple causes, some of which commonly occur together. These causes can be grouped into broad categories.

Explanation: Laminitis has multiple causes, some of which commonly occur together. These causes can be grouped into broad categories.

Laminitis [SEP] Pathophysiology

Laminitis literally means inflammation of the laminae, and while it remains controversial whether this is the primary mechanism of disease, evidence of inflammation occurs very early in some instances of the disease. A severe inflammatory event is thought to damage the basal epithelial cells, resulting in dysfunction of the hemidesmosomes and subsequent reduction in adherence between the epithelial cells and the basement membrane. Normal forces placed on the hoof are then strong enough to tear the remaining laminae, resulting in a failure of the interdigitation of the epidermal and dermal laminae between the hoof wall and the coffin bone. When severe enough, this results in displacement of the coffin bone within the hoof capsule.


Question: hypothalamic amenorrhea will result in the increased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh)

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hypopituitarism [SEP] Anterior pituitary

Deficiency of all anterior pituitary hormones is more common than individual hormone deficiency. Deficiency of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), together referred to as the gonadotropins, leads to different symptoms in men and women. Women experience oligo- or amenorrhea (infrequent/light or absent menstrual periods respectively) and infertility. Men lose facial, scrotal and trunk hair, as well as suffering decreased muscle mass and anemia. Both sexes may experience a decrease in libido and loss of sexual function, and have an increased risk of osteoporosis (bone fragility). Lack of LH/FSH in children is associated with delayed puberty. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency leads to a decrease in muscle mass, central obesity (increase in body fat around the waist) and impaired attention and memory.


Context: hypothalamic amenorrhea will result in the increased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh)

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is hypopituitarism?

Answer: A decreased ("hypo") secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

Answer: It is the decreased secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain

Answer: It  is the decreased ("hypo") secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

Answer: It is the decreased ("hypo") secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

Hypopituitarism [SEP] Introduction

Hypopituitarism is the decreased ("hypo") secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. If there is decreased secretion of one specific pituitary hormone, the condition is known as selective hypopituitarism. If there is decreased secretion of most or all pituitary hormones, the term panhypopituitarism ("pan" meaning "all") is used. The signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism vary, depending on which hormones are undersecreted and on the underlying cause of the abnormality. The diagnosis of hypopituitarism is made by blood tests, but often specific scans and other investigations are needed to find the underlying cause, such as tumors of the pituitary, and the ideal treatment.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: A decreased ("hypo") secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

Question: what are the indications of it?

Answer: Insufficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to sex hormone abnormalities. Growth hormone deficiency is more common in people with an underlying tumor than those with other causes.

Explanation:
The hormones of the pituitary have different actions in the body, and the symptoms of hypopituitarism therefore depend on which hormone is deficient. The symptoms may be subtle and are often initially attributed to other causes. In most of the cases, three or more hormones are deficient. The most common problem is insufficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to sex hormone abnormalities. Growth hormone deficiency is more common in people with an underlying tumor than those with other causes.

Sometimes, there are additional symptoms that arise from the underlying cause; for instance, if the hypopituitarism is due to a growth hormone-producing tumor, there may be symptoms of acromegaly (enlargement of the hands and feet, coarse facial features), and if the tumor extends to the optic nerve or optic chiasm, there may be visual field defects. Headaches may also accompany pituitary tumors, as well as pituitary apoplexy (infarction or haemorrhag

Answer: Sex hormone abnormalities, symptoms of acromegaly, etc. are few among them

Answer: Insufficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to sex hormone abnormalities and growth hormone deficiency.

Answer: Insufficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to sex hormone abnormalities.

Explanation:
 The most common problem is insufficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to sex hormone abnormalities. Growth hormone deficiency is more common in people with an underlying tumor than those with other causes.

Sometimes, there are additional symptoms that arise from the underlying cause; for instance, if the hypopituitarism is due to a growth hormone-producing tumor, there may be symptoms of acromegaly (enlargement of the hands and feet, coarse facial features), and if the tumor extends to the optic nerve or optic chiasm, there may be visual field defects. Headaches may also accompany pituitary tumors, as well as pituitary apoplexy (infarction or haemorrhage of a pituitary tumor) and lymphocytic hypophysitis (autoimmune inflammation of the pituitary). Apoplexy, in addition to sudden headaches and rapidly worsening visual loss, may also be associated with double vision that results from compression of the nerves in the adjacent cavernous si

Hypopituitarism [SEP] Signs and symptoms


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: Insufficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to sex hormone abnormalities. Growth hormone deficiency is more common in people with an underlying tumor than those with other causes.

Question: how this can be treated?

Answer: Removing the underlying cause, treating the hormone deficiencies, and addressing any other repercussions that arise from the hormone deficiencies.

Explanation: Treatment of hypopituitarism is threefold: removing the underlying cause, treating the hormone deficiencies, and addressing any other repercussions that arise from the hormone deficiencies.

Answer: Removing the underlying cause, treating the hormone deficiencies, and addressing any other repercussions that arise from the hormone deficiencies

Answer: It's treatment is threefold: removing the underlying cause, treating the hormone deficiencies, and addressing any other repercussions that arise from the hormone deficiencies.

Answer: Removing the underlying cause, treating the hormone deficiencies, and addressing any other repercussions that arise from the hormone deficiencies.

Hypopituitarism [SEP] Treatment


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: Removing the underlying cause, treating the hormone deficiencies, and addressing any other repercussions that arise from the hormone deficiencies.

Question: you mentioned a gland above, where is it located in human body?

Answer: The bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain.

Answer: Base of the brain

Answer: It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain.

Answer: It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain.

Pituitary gland [SEP] Introduction

In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland, about the size of a pea and weighing in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The hypophysis rests upon the hypophysial fossa of the sphenoid bone in the center of the middle cranial fossa and is surrounded by a small bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae). The anterior pituitary (or adenohypophysis) is a lobe of the gland that regulates several physiological processes (including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation). The intermediate lobe synthesizes and secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: you mentioned a gland above, where is it located in human body?

Context: The bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain.

Question: what is the size of this gland?

Answer: The size of a pea

Answer: Size of a pea

Explanation: In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland, about the size of a pea and weighing in humans

Answer: Pea-sized

Explanation: pea-sized

Answer: It is about the size of a pea

Pituitary gland [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: what is the size of this gland?

Context: The size of a pea

Question: what is the functions of anterior lobe of this gland?

Answer: Synthesizes and secretes hormones; regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation.

Explanation: The anterior pituitary (or adenohypophysis) is a lobe of the gland that regulates several physiological processes (including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation).

Answer: Regulates several physiological processes; including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation

Answer: It synthesizes and secretes hormones.

Explanation: synthesizes and secretes hormones.

Answer: It synthesizes and secretes hormones.

Explanation: The anterior pituitary synthesizes and secretes hormones.

Pituitary gland [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: what is the size of this gland?

Context: The size of a pea

Context: what is the functions of anterior lobe of this gland?

Context: Synthesizes and secretes hormones; regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation.

Question: which hormones are synthesized by this lobe?

Answer: Growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) etc

Explanation:
The anterior pituitary contains five types of endocrine cell, and they are defined by the hormones they secrete: somatotropes (GH); Lactotropes (PRL); gonadotropes (LH and FSH); corticotropes (ACTH) and thyrotropes (TSH). It also contains non-endocrine folliculostellate cells which are thought to stimulate and support the endocrine cell populations.

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are trophic hormones (Greek: trophe, “nourishment”). "Trophic hormones" directly affect growth either as hyperplasia or hypertrophy on the tissue it is stimulating. "Tropic hormones" are named for their ability to act directly on target tissues or other endocrine glands to release hormones, causing numerous cascading physiological responses.

Answer: Trophic hormones

Answer: (-RH)

Explanation: (-RH)

Answer: Somatotropes (GH); Lactotropes (PRL); gonadotropes (LH and FSH); corticotropes (ACTH) and thyrotropes (TSH).

Anterior pituitary [SEP] Function


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: what is the size of this gland?

Context: The size of a pea

Context: which hormones are synthesized by this lobe?

Context: Growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) etc

Question: how is the posterior lobe different from the anterior lobe?

Answer: It store and secretes (but does not synthesize) the important endocrine hormones.

Explanation:
The posterior pituitary stores and secretes (but does not synthesize) the following important endocrine hormones:

Magnocellular neurons:

Answer: It stores and secretes (but does not synthesize)

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Pituitary gland [SEP] Posterior


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: what is the size of this gland?

Context: The size of a pea

Context: how is the posterior lobe different from the anterior lobe?

Context: It store and secretes (but does not synthesize) the important endocrine hormones.

Question: in which other animals this gland can be found?

Answer: All vertebrates such as mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds,

Explanation:
The pituitary gland is found in all vertebrates, but its structure varies among different groups.

The division of the pituitary described above is typical of mammals, and is also true, to varying degrees, of all tetrapods. However, only in mammals does the posterior pituitary have a compact shape. In lungfish, it is a relatively flat sheet of tissue lying above the anterior pituitary, but in amphibians, reptiles, and birds, it becomes increasingly well developed. The intermediate lobe is, in general, not well developed in any species and is entirely absent in birds.

The structure of the pituitary in fish, apart from the lungfish, is generally different from that in other animals. In general, the intermediate lobe tends to be well developed, and may equal the remainder of the anterior pituitary in size. The posterior lobe typically forms a sheet of tissue at the base of the pituitary stalk, and in most cases sends irregular finger-like projection into the tissue of the anterior pituit

Answer: It is found in all vertebrates

Answer: Mammals, tetrapods, lungfish, amphibians, reptiles and birds etc

Answer: It is found in all vertebrates; typical of mammals and tetrapods; lungfish; amphibians, reptiles, and birds.

Pituitary gland [SEP] Other animals


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: what is the size of this gland?

Context: The size of a pea

Context: in which other animals this gland can be found?

Context: All vertebrates such as mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds,

Question: what is the clinical significance of this gland?

Answer: There are diseases involving the pituitary gland. The functions of the pituitary gland can be adversely affected by an over- or under-production of associated hormones. The Pituitary gland growth during adolescence can be altered by early life stress such as childhood maltreatment or maternal dysphoric behavior.

Explanation:
Some of the diseases involving the pituitary gland are:

All of the functions of the pituitary gland can be adversely affected by an over- or under-production of associated hormones.

The pituitary gland is important for mediating the stress response, via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) Critically, pituitary gland growth during adolescence can be altered by early life stress such as childhood maltreatment or maternal dysphoric behavior.

Answer: It is important for mediating the stress response, via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis)

Answer: It  is important for mediating the stress response, via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) Critically, pituitary gland growth during adolescence can be altered by early life stress such as childhood maltreatment or maternal dysphoric behavior.

Answer: It is important for mediating the stress response, via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis).

Pituitary gland [SEP] Clinical significance


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: what is the size of this gland?

Context: The size of a pea

Context: what is the clinical significance of this gland?

Context: There are diseases involving the pituitary gland. The functions of the pituitary gland can be adversely affected by an over- or under-production of associated hormones. The Pituitary gland growth during adolescence can be altered by early life stress such as childhood maltreatment or maternal dysphoric behavior.

Question: what is the third mentioned vertebrates from the above list?

Answer: They are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives

Explanation: tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia,

Answer: They are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia

Answer: They are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.

Answer: They are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.

Reptile [SEP] Introduction

Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology. Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles (e.g., crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards), the traditional groups of "reptiles" listed above do not together constitute a monophyletic grouping or clade (consisting of all descendants of a common ancestor). For this reason, many modern scientists prefer to consider the birds part of Reptilia as well, thereby making Reptilia a monophyletic class, including all living diapsids.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: what is the size of this gland?

Context: The size of a pea

Context: what is the third mentioned vertebrates from the above list?

Context: They are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives

Question: do they play any roles in cultures and religions?

Answer: Yes - In Egyptian history, the Nile cobra was worshipped as one of the gods and was also used for sinister purposes; In Hinduism, snakes are worshipped as gods; The turtle has a symbol of steadfastness and tranquility in religion, mythology, and folklore from around the world.

Explanation: The snake or serpent has played a powerful symbolic role in different cultures. In Egyptian history, the Nile cobra adorned the crown of the pharaoh. It was worshipped as one of the gods and was also used for sinister purposes: murder of an adversary and ritual suicide (Cleopatra). In Greek mythology snakes are associated with deadly antagonists, as a chthonic symbol, roughly translated as "earthbound". The nine-headed Lernaean Hydra that Hercules defeated and the three Gorgon sisters are children of Gaia, the earth. Medusa was one of the three Gorgon sisters who Perseus defeated. Medusa is described as a hideous mortal, with snakes instead of hair and the power to turn men to stone with her gaze. After killing her, Perseus gave her head to Athena who fixed it to her shield called the Aegis. The Titans are depicted in art with their legs replaced by bodies of snakes for the same reason: They are children of Gaia, so they are bound to the earth. In Hinduism, snakes are worshipped as god

Answer: Yes, the snake or serpent has played a powerful symbolic role in different cultures

Answer: The snake or serpent has played a powerful symbolic role in different cultures like in  Egyptian history, the Nile cobra adorned the crown of the pharaoh, in Greek mythology snakes are associated with deadly antogonist, as a chthonic symbol etc

Answer: Yes, dinosaurs have been widely depicted in culture since the English palaeontologist Richard Owen coined the name "dinosaur"; the snake or serpent has played a powerful symbolic role in different cultures.

Explanation:
Dinosaurs have been widely depicted in culture since the English palaeontologist Richard Owen coined the name "dinosaur" in 1842. As soon as 1854, the Crystal Palace Dinosaurs were on display to the public in south London. One dinosaur appeared in literature even earlier, as Charles Dickens placed a "Megalosaurus" in the first chapter of his novel "Bleak House" in 1852. The dinosaurs featured in books, films, television programs, artwork, and other media have been used for both education and entertainment. The depictions range from the realistic, as in the television documentaries of the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, or the fantastic, as in the monster movies of the 1950s and 1960s.

The snake or serpent has played a powerful symbolic role in different cultures. In Egyptian history, the Nile cobra adorned the crown of the pharaoh. It was worshipped as one of the gods and was also used for sinister purposes: murder of an adversary and ritual suicide (Cleopatra).

Reptile [SEP] In cultures and religions


Context: hypothalamic amenorrhea will result in the increased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh)

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: A decreased ("hypo") secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: Insufficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to sex hormone abnormalities. Growth hormone deficiency is more common in people with an underlying tumor than those with other causes.

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: Removing the underlying cause, treating the hormone deficiencies, and addressing any other repercussions that arise from the hormone deficiencies.

Context: you mentioned a gland above, where is it located in human body?

Context: The bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain.

Context: what is the size of this gland?

Context: The size of a pea

Context: what is the functions of anterior lobe of this gland?

Context: Synthesizes and secretes hormones; regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation.

Context: which hormones are synthesized by this lobe?

Context: Growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) etc

Context: how is the posterior lobe different from the anterior lobe?

Context: It store and secretes (but does not synthesize) the important endocrine hormones.

Context: in which other animals this gland can be found?

Context: All vertebrates such as mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds,

Context: what is the clinical significance of this gland?

Context: There are diseases involving the pituitary gland. The functions of the pituitary gland can be adversely affected by an over- or under-production of associated hormones. The Pituitary gland growth during adolescence can be altered by early life stress such as childhood maltreatment or maternal dysphoric behavior.

Context: what is the third mentioned vertebrates from the above list?

Context: They are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives

Context: do they play any roles in cultures and religions?

Context: Yes - In Egyptian history, the Nile cobra was worshipped as one of the gods and was also used for sinister purposes; In Hinduism, snakes are worshipped as gods; The turtle has a symbol of steadfastness and tranquility in religion, mythology, and folklore from around the world.

Question: what  type of reproduction is common in this class?

Answer: Reptiles generally reproduce sexually; Most reptiles lay amniotic eggs

Explanation:
Reptiles generally reproduce sexually, though some are capable of asexual reproduction. All reproductive activity occurs through the cloaca, the single exit/entrance at the base of the tail where waste is also eliminated. Most reptiles have copulatory organs, which are usually retracted or inverted and stored inside the body. In turtles and crocodilians, the male has a single median penis, while squamates, including snakes and lizards, possess a pair of hemipenes, only one of which is typically used in each session. Tuatara, however, lack copulatory organs, and so the male and female simply press their cloacas together as the male discharges sperm.

Most reptiles lay amniotic eggs covered with leathery or calcareous shells. An amnion, chorion, and allantois are present during embryonic life. The eggshell (1) protects the crocodile embryo (11) and keeps it from drying out, but it is flexible to allow gas exchange. The chorion (6) aids in gas exchange between the inside and outside of th

Answer: They generally reproduce sexually

Answer: They generally reproduce sexually, though some are capable of asexual reproduction.

Answer: They generally reproduce sexually, though some are capable of asexual reproduction.

Reptile [SEP] Reproduction


Context: hypothalamic amenorrhea will result in the increased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh)

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hypopituitarism?

Context: A decreased ("hypo") secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: Insufficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to sex hormone abnormalities. Growth hormone deficiency is more common in people with an underlying tumor than those with other causes.

Context: how this can be treated?

Context: Removing the underlying cause, treating the hormone deficiencies, and addressing any other repercussions that arise from the hormone deficiencies.

Context: you mentioned a gland above, where is it located in human body?

Context: The bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain.

Context: what is the size of this gland?

Context: The size of a pea

Context: what is the functions of anterior lobe of this gland?

Context: Synthesizes and secretes hormones; regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation.

Context: which hormones are synthesized by this lobe?

Context: Growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) etc

Context: how is the posterior lobe different from the anterior lobe?

Context: It store and secretes (but does not synthesize) the important endocrine hormones.

Context: in which other animals this gland can be found?

Context: All vertebrates such as mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds,

Context: what is the clinical significance of this gland?

Context: There are diseases involving the pituitary gland. The functions of the pituitary gland can be adversely affected by an over- or under-production of associated hormones. The Pituitary gland growth during adolescence can be altered by early life stress such as childhood maltreatment or maternal dysphoric behavior.

Context: what is the third mentioned vertebrates from the above list?

Context: They are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives

Context: do they play any roles in cultures and religions?

Context: Yes - In Egyptian history, the Nile cobra was worshipped as one of the gods and was also used for sinister purposes; In Hinduism, snakes are worshipped as gods; The turtle has a symbol of steadfastness and tranquility in religion, mythology, and folklore from around the world.

Context: what  type of reproduction is common in this class?

Context: Reptiles generally reproduce sexually; Most reptiles lay amniotic eggs

Question: are they commercially farmed by humans?

Answer: Yes - Crocodiles are farmed for the hides and meat; Snakes are also farmed for the purpose of research and the collection of venom for the creation of antivenom.

Explanation:
Crocodiles are protected in many parts of the world, and are farmed commercially. Their hides are tanned and used to make leather goods such as shoes and handbags; crocodile meat is also considered a delicacy. The most commonly farmed species are the saltwater and Nile crocodiles. Farming has resulted in an increase in the saltwater crocodile population in Australia, as eggs are usually harvested from the wild, so landowners have an incentive to conserve their habitat. Crocodile leather is made into wallets, briefcases, purses, handbags, belts, hats, and shoes. Crocodile oil has been used for various purposes.

Snakes are also farmed, primarily in East and Southeast Asia, and their production has become more intensive in the last decade. Snake farming has been troubling for conservation in the past as it can lead to overexploitation of wild snakes and their natural prey to supply the farms. However, farming snakes can limit the hunting of wild snakes, while reducing the slaughter of hi

Answer: Yes

Answer: Yes, crocodiles are protected in many parts of the world, and are farmed commercially, snakes are also farmed primarily in East and Southeast Asia and Turtle farming is another known but controversial practice.

Answer: Yes, crocodiles are protected in many parts of the world, and are farmed commercially.

Reptile [SEP] Commercial farming


Question: which cities in croatia are famous for their protective walls and forts

Answer: Dubrovnik

Answer: The Walls of Dubrovnik

Answer: City of Dubrovnik.

Answer: Dubrovnik

Walls of Dubrovnik [SEP] Introduction

The Walls of Dubrovnik () are a series of defensive stone walls surrounding the city of Dubrovnik in southern Croatia. With numerous additions and modifications throughout their history, they have been considered to be amongst the great fortification systems of the Middle Ages, as they were never breached by a hostile army during this time period. In 1979, the old city of Dubrovnik, which includes a substantial portion of the old walls of Dubrovnik, joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. The oldest systems of fortifications around the town were likely wooden palisades. Today's intact city walls, constructed mainly during the 12th–17th centuries, mostly a double line, have long been a source of pride for Dubrovnik.


Context: which cities in croatia are famous for their protective walls and forts

Context: Dubrovnik

Question: in which country is this state located in ?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Croatia

Explanation: Croatia (, ; , ), officially the Republic of Croatia (, ), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the

Answer: It's a city in Croatia.

Explanation: The Walls of Dubrovnik () are a series of defensive stone walls surrounding the city of Dubrovnik in southern Croatia.

Answer: Southern Croatia

Explanation: Dubrovnik (; historically Ragusa) is a city on the Adriatic Sea in southern Croatia.

Walls of Dubrovnik [SEP] Introduction


Context: Dubrovnik

Context: in which country is this state located in ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which country is this city located in ?

Answer: Croatia

Answer: Croatia

Explanation: The Walls of Dubrovnik () are a series of defensive stone walls surrounding the city of Dubrovnik in southern Croatia.

Answer: Croatia

Answer: Southern Croatia

Dubrovnik [SEP] Introduction

Dubrovnik (; historically Ragusa) is a city on the Adriatic Sea in southern Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva County. Its total population is 42,615 (census 2011). In 1979, the city of Dubrovnik joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage sites. The history of the city probably dates back to the 7th century, when the town known as "Ragusa" was founded by refugees from Epidaurum ("Ragusa Vecchia"). It was under the protection of the Byzantine Empire and later under the sovereignty of Republic of Venice.


Context: Dubrovnik

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which country is this city located in ?

Context: Croatia

Question: how is the weather in this country ?

Answer: Moderately warm and rainy continental climate

Answer: humid subtropical and Mediterranean climate

Explanation: Dubrovnik has a borderline humid subtropical ("Cfa") and Mediterranean climate ("Csa") in the Köppen climate classification, since only one summer month has less than of rainfall, preventing it from being classified as solely humid subtropical or Mediterranean.

Answer: A moderately warm and rainy continental climate.

Answer: Moderately warm and rainy continental climate

Croatia [SEP] Climate

Most of Croatia has a moderately warm and rainy continental climate as defined by the Köppen climate classification. Mean monthly temperature ranges between in January and in July. The coldest parts of the country are Lika and Gorski Kotar where snowy forested climate is found at elevations above . The warmest areas of Croatia are at the Adriatic coast and especially in its immediate hinterland characterised by the Mediterranean climate, as the temperature highs are moderated by the sea. Consequently, temperature peaks are more pronounced in the continental areas. The lowest temperature of was recorded on 3 February 1919 in Čakovec, and the highest temperature of was recorded on 4 August 1981 in Ploče.


Context: Dubrovnik

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which country is this city located in ?

Context: Croatia

Context: how is the weather in this country ?

Context: Moderately warm and rainy continental climate

Question: what is the capital of the country ?

Answer: Zagreb

Answer: Zagreb

Answer: Zagreb

Answer: Zagreb

Croatia [SEP] Introduction

Croatia (, ; , ), officially the Republic of Croatia (, ), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, and Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and it shares a maritime border with Italy. Its capital, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with twenty counties. Croatia has an area of and a population of 4.07 million, most of whom are Catholics. The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century.


Context: Dubrovnik

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which country is this city located in ?

Context: Croatia

Context: how is the weather in this country ?

Context: what is the capital of the country ?

Context: Zagreb

Question: does the country play any sports ?

Answer: Yes. There are more than 400,000 active sportspeople there

Answer: Association football is the most popular sport.

Answer: Yes, Association football.

Answer: Yes, Association football

Croatia [SEP] Sports

There are more than 400,000 active sportspeople in Croatia. Out of that number, 277,000 are members of sports associations and nearly 4,000 are members of chess and contract bridge associations. Association football is the most popular sport. The Croatian Football Federation (), with more than 118,000 registered players, is the largest sporting association in the country. The Prva HNL football league attracts the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the country. In season 2010–11, it attracted 458,746 spectators. Croatian athletes competing at international events since Croatian independence in 1991 won 44 Olympic medals, including 15 gold medals—at the 1996 and 2004 Summer Olympics in handball, 2000 Summer Olympics in weightlifting, 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics in alpine skiing, 2012 Summer Olympics in discus throw, trap shooting, and water polo, and in 2016 Summer Olympics in shooting, rowing, discus throw, sailing and javelin throw.


Context: Dubrovnik

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which country is this city located in ?

Context: Croatia

Context: how is the weather in this country ?

Context: what is the capital of the country ?

Context: Zagreb

Context: does the country play any sports ?

Context: Yes. There are more than 400,000 active sportspeople there

Question: any major sports they are famous for ?

Answer: Football

Answer: The Prva HNL football league attracts the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the country.

Answer: Association football

Explanation: There are more than 400,000 active sportspeople in Croatia. Out of that number, 277,000 are members of sports associations and nearly 4,000 are members of chess and contract bridge associations. Association football is the most popular sport.

Answer: Association football, handball, etc

Explanation:
Association football is the most popular sport. The Croatian Football Federation (), with more than 118,000 registered players, is the largest sporting association in the country. The Prva HNL football league attracts the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the country. In season 2010–11, it attracted 458,746 spectators.

Croatian athletes competing at international events since Croatian independence in 1991 won 44 Olympic medals, including 15 gold medals—at the
1996 and 2004 Summer Olympics in handball

Croatia [SEP] Sports

Croatia hosted several major sport competitions, including the 2009 World Men's Handball Championship, the 2007 World Table Tennis Championships, the 2000 World Rowing Championships, the 1987 Summer Universiade, the 1979 Mediterranean Games and several European Championships. The governing sports authority in the country is the Croatian Olympic Committee (), founded on 10 September 1991 and recognised by the International Olympic Committee since 17 January 1992, in time to permit the Croatian athletes to appear at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France representing the newly independent nation for the first time at the Olympic Games.


Context: Dubrovnik

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which country is this city located in ?

Context: Croatia

Context: how is the weather in this country ?

Context: what is the capital of the country ?

Context: Zagreb

Context: does the country play any sports ?

Context: any major sports they are famous for ?

Context: Football

Question: name any players of the team ?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Croatia [SEP] Sports


Context: Dubrovnik

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which country is this city located in ?

Context: Croatia

Context: how is the weather in this country ?

Context: what is the capital of the country ?

Context: Zagreb

Context: does the country play any sports ?

Context: any major sports they are famous for ?

Context: Football

Context: name any players of the team ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which religions are followed in this country ?

Answer: Christianity and Islam

Answer: It has no official religion.

Answer: Christianity.

Answer: Croatia has no official religion

Croatia [SEP] Religion

Croatia has no official religion. Freedom of religion is a right defined by the Constitution which also defines all religious communities as equal before the law and separated from the state. According to the 2011 census, 91.36% of Croatians identify as Christian; of these, Catholics make up the largest group, accounting for 86.28% of the population, after which follows Eastern Orthodoxy (4.44%), Protestantism (0.34%), and other Christians (0.30%). The largest religion after Christianity is Islam (1.47%). 4.57% of the population describe themselves as non-religious. In the Eurostat Eurobarometer Poll of 2010, 69% of the population of Croatia responded that "they believe there is a God".