Context: Britain

Context: who are the actors?

Context: is this a movie?

Context: Yes

Context: who composed the music?

Context: John Barry

Context: when was it released?

Context: did the original movie have stunt men?

Context: Yes, a stuntman drove the "car plane" to a runway.

Question: what kind of reviews did it receive?

Answer: Mixed reviews

Explanation: mixed reviews

Answer: The film was met with mixed reviews, and some critics described it as the lowest point in the canon up to that time.

Explanation: The film was met with mixed reviews, and some critics described it as the lowest point in the canon up to that time.

Answer: Rotten Tomatoes reports that 41% out of 51 critical reviews about the film were positive, with an average score of 5.26/10

Explanation: film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 41% out of 51 critical reviews about the film were positive, with an average score of 5.26/10.

Answer: Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 41% out of 51 critical reviews about the film were positive.

Explanation: Opinion on "The Man with the Golden Gun" has for the most part remained the same as it was in 1974 and as of September 2020, film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 41% out of 51 critical reviews about the film were positive

The Man with the Golden Gun (film) [SEP] Contemporary reviews

"The Man with the Golden Gun" met with mixed reviews upon its release. Derek Malcolm in "The Guardian" savaged the film, saying that "the script is the limpest of the lot and ... Roger Moore as 007 is the last man on earth to make it sound better than it is." There was some praise from Malcolm, although it was muted, saying that "Christopher Lee ... makes a goodish villain and Britt Ekland a passable Mary Goodnight ... Up to scratch in production values ... the film is otherwise merely a potboiler. Maybe enough's enough." Tom Milne, writing in "The Observer", was even more caustic, writing that "This series, which has been scraping the bottom of the barrel for some time, is now through the bottom ...


Context: where does the man with the golden gun take place

Context: Britain

Context: who are the actors?

Context: Christopher Lee, Joseph Wiseman, Britt Ekland

Context: is this a movie?

Context: Yes

Context: who composed the music?

Context: John Barry

Context: when was it released?

Context: Released in the United Kingdom the same day it was premiered

Context: can you please name some movies the third actress acted in?

Context: "The Night They Raided Minsky's", "Get Carter", "The Wicker Man"

Context: did the original movie have stunt men?

Context: what kind of reviews did it receive?

Context: Mixed reviews

Question: what themes did it have?

Answer: 1973 energy crisis

Explanation: blaxploitation genre

Answer: 1973 energy crisis

Explanation: Much of the plot involving Scaramanga being Bond's equal was sidelined in later drafts. For one of the two main aspects of the plot, the screenwriters used the 1973 energy crisis as a backdrop to the film, allowing the MacGuffin of the "Solex agitator" to be introduced; Broccoli's stepson Michael G. Wilson researched solar power to create the Solex.

Answer: Martial arts

Answer: Blaxploitation genre and martial arts.

The Man with the Golden Gun (film) [SEP] Writing and themes

For one of the two main aspects of the plot, the screenwriters used the 1973 energy crisis as a backdrop to the film, allowing the MacGuffin of the "Solex agitator" to be introduced; Broccoli's stepson Michael G. Wilson researched solar power to create the Solex. While "Live and Let Die" had borrowed heavily from the blaxploitation genre, "The Man with the Golden Gun" borrowed from the martial arts genre that was popular in the 1970s through films such as "Fist of Fury" (1972) and "Enter the Dragon" (1973). However, the use of the martial arts for a fight scene in the film "lapses into incredibility" when Lt Hip and his two nieces defeat an entire "dojo".


Context: Britain

Context: who are the actors?

Context: is this a movie?

Context: Yes

Context: who composed the music?

Context: John Barry

Context: when was it released?

Context: did the original movie have stunt men?

Context: what kind of reviews did it receive?

Context: Mixed reviews

Context: what themes did it have?

Context: 1973 energy crisis

Question: were any props used?

Answer: Three Golden Gun props were made

Explanation: Three Golden Gun props were made

Answer: Yes, Three Golden Gun props

Explanation: Three Golden Gun props

Answer: Yes, three Golden Gun props

Answer: Yes, Golden Gun props.

The Man with the Golden Gun (film) [SEP] Golden Gun prop

Three Golden Gun props were made; a solid piece, one that could be fired with a cap and one that could be assembled and disassembled, although Christopher Lee said that the process "was extremely difficult." The gun was "one of the more memorable props in the Bond series" and consisted of an interlocking fountain pen (the barrel), cigarette lighter (the bullet chamber), cigarette case (the handle) and cufflink (the trigger) with the bullet secured in Scaramanga's belt buckle. In the film, the gun was designed to accept a single 4.2-millimetre, 23-carat gold bullet produced by Lazar, a gunsmith in Macau who specialized in custom weapons and ammunition.


Question: where do the nuclear and weak interaction forces occur

Answer: In the Nuclear Fission

Answer: Nuclear fission

Answer: In an atom.

Answer: Between subatomic particles

Weak interaction [SEP] Introduction

In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, which is also often called the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms. The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission, and the theory describing it in terms of both its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavourdynamics (QFD). However, the term QFD is rarely used, because the weak force is better understood in terms of electroweak theory (EWT). The effective range of the weak force is limited to subatomic distances, and is less than the diameter of a proton.


Context: where do the nuclear and weak interaction forces occur

Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Question: what is this process about?

Answer: The weak interaction, also known as the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms.

Explanation: In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, which is also often called the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms.

Answer: It  is a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei.

Answer: It is a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei.

Explanation: In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei.

Answer: It is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms.

Weak interaction [SEP] Introduction


Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Context: what is this process about?

Context: The weak interaction, also known as the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms.

Question: what is meant by the process where it occur?

Answer: Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei.

Answer: It is a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: It is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.

Explanation: Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation

Nuclear fission [SEP] Introduction

In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay. Nuclear fission of heavy elements was discovered on December 17, 1938 by German Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann, and explained theoretically in January 1939 by Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch. Frisch named the process by analogy with biological fission of living cells.


Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Context: what is this process about?

Context: what is meant by the process where it occur?

Context: Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei.

Question: who discovered it?

Answer: German Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann

Explanation: Nuclear fission of heavy elements was discovered on December 17, 1938 by German Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann, and explained theoretically in January 1939 by Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch.

Answer: German Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann

Answer: Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann.

Answer: Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann

Nuclear fission [SEP] Introduction


Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Context: what is this process about?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: German Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann

Question: where is the former from?

Answer: He was from Frankfurt am Main

Answer: Frankfurt am Main

Explanation: Frankfurt am Main

Answer: Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Answer: Frankfurt am Main

Otto Hahn [SEP] Early life

Otto Hahn was born in Frankfurt am Main on 8 March 1879, the youngest son of Heinrich Hahn (1845–1922), a prosperous glazier (and founder of the Glasbau Hahn company), and Charlotte Hahn Giese (1845–1905). He had an older half-brother Karl, his mother's son from her previous marriage, and two older brothers, Heiner and Julius. The family lived above his father's workshop. The younger three boys were educated at "Klinger Oberrealschule" in Frankfurt. At the age of 15, he began to take a special interest in chemistry, and carried out simple experiments in the laundry room of the family home. His father wanted Otto to study architecture, as he had built or acquired several residential and business properties, but Otto persuaded him that his ambition was to become an industrial chemist.


Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Context: what is this process about?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: where is the former from?

Context: He was from Frankfurt am Main

Question: what else has he discovered?

Answer: Radioactive isotopes of radium, thorium, protactinium and uranium, Phenomena of Radioactive recoil & Nuclear Isomerism among many others.

Explanation: Hahn is referred to as the father of nuclear chemistry. Hahn and Lise Meitner discovered radioactive isotopes of radium, thorium, protactinium and uranium. He also discovered the phenomena of radioactive recoil and nuclear isomerism, and pioneered rubidium–strontium dating. In 1938, Hahn, Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission, for which Hahn received the 1944 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Nuclear fission was the basis for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.

Answer: Hahn and Lise Meitner discovered radioactive isotopes of radium, thorium, protactinium and uranium. He also discovered the phenomena of radioactive recoil and nuclear isomerism, and pioneered rubidium–strontium dating.

Answer: Hahn and Lise Meitner discovered radioactive isotopes of radium, thorium, protactinium and uranium. He also discovered the phenomena of radioactive recoil and nuclear isomerism, and pioneered rubidium–strontium dating.

Answer: Several, including radiothorium (thorium-228)

Discovery of radio thorium, and other "new elements"

Explanation: Here Hahn worked on radiochemistry, at that time a very new field. In early 1905, in the course of his work with salts of radium, Hahn discovered a new substance he called radiothorium (thorium-228), which at that time was believed to be a new radioactive element.

Otto Hahn [SEP] Introduction

After the war he became the head of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry, while remaining in charge of his own department. Between 1934 and 1938, he worked with Strassmann and Meitner on the study of isotopes created through the neutron bombardment of uranium and thorium, which led to the discovery of nuclear fission. He was an opponent of national socialism and the persecution of Jews by the Nazi Party that caused the removal of many of his colleagues, including Meitner, who was forced to flee Germany in 1938. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear weapons program, cataloguing the fission products of uranium.


Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Context: what is this process about?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: where is the former from?

Context: He was from Frankfurt am Main

Context: what else has he discovered?

Context: Radioactive isotopes of radium, thorium, protactinium and uranium, Phenomena of Radioactive recoil & Nuclear Isomerism among many others.

Question: did he receive any award?

Answer: Yes. Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 along with many others.

Explanation:
During his lifetime Hahn was awarded orders, medals, scientific prizes, and fellowships of Academies, Societies, and Institutions from all over the world. At the end of 1999, the German news magazine "Focus" published an inquiry of 500 leading natural scientists, engineers, and physicians about the most important scientists of the 20th century. In this poll Hahn was elected third (with 81 points), after the theoretical physicists Albert Einstein and Max Planck, and thus the most significant chemist of his time.

As well as the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1944), Hahn was awarded:
Hahn became the honorary president of the Max Planck Society in 1962.

Answer: Yes, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1944), he  became the honorary president of the Max Planck Society in 1962.

Answer: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944.

Answer: Yes, the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Explanation: n 16 November 1945 the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that Hahn had been awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistr

Otto Hahn [SEP] Honors and awards


Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Context: what is this process about?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: where is the former from?

Context: He was from Frankfurt am Main

Context: what else has he discovered?

Context: did he receive any award?

Context: Yes. Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 along with many others.

Question: how someone gets selected for this prize?

Answer: One is awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.

Answer: It is  awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation

Answer: The Nobel Laureates in chemistry are selected by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Explanation: The Nobel Laureates in chemistry are selected by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Answer: The Nobel Laureates in chemistry are selected by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry [SEP] Introduction

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.


Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Context: what is this process about?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: where is the former from?

Context: He was from Frankfurt am Main

Context: what else has he discovered?

Context: did he receive any award?

Context: how someone gets selected for this prize?

Context: One is awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.

Question: how much money does the winner get?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: In 2012, the amount was 8 million Swedish Krona, or US$1.1 million. If there are two laureates in a particular category, the award grant is divided equally between the recipients

Explanation: but in 2012, the amount was 8 million Swedish Krona, or US$1.1 million. If there are two laureates in a particular category, the award grant is divided equally between the recipients

Answer: The amount of the cash award may differ from year to year, based on the funding available from the Nobel Foundation.

Explanation: The amount of the cash award may differ from year to year, based on the funding available from the Nobel Foundation

Answer: In 2009 the total cash awarded was 10 million SEK (US$1.4 million), but in 2012, the amount was 8 million Swedish Krona, or US$1.1 million.

Explanation: For example, in 2009 the total cash awarded was 10 million SEK (US$1.4 million), but in 2012, the amount was 8 million Swedish Krona, or US$1.1 million.


Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Context: what is this process about?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: where is the former from?

Context: He was from Frankfurt am Main

Context: what else has he discovered?

Context: did he receive any award?

Context: how much money does the winner get?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who founded this award?

Answer: The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist founded this award as per Alfred Nobel's last Will.

Explanation: Alfred Nobel stipulated in his last will and testament that his money be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature. Though Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died, and signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895. Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million Swedish "kronor" (US$198 million, €176 million in 2016), to establish and endow the five Nobel Prizes. Due to the level of skepticism surrounding the will, it was not until 26 April 1897 that it was approved by the Storting (Norwegian Parliament). The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organise the prizes.

Answer: Alfred Nobel stipulated in his last will and testament that his money be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in physics, chemistry, peace, physiology or medicine, and literature.

Answer: Alfred Nobel.

Answer: Alfred Nobel

Nobel Prize in Chemistry [SEP] Background


Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Context: what is this process about?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: where is the former from?

Context: He was from Frankfurt am Main

Context: what else has he discovered?

Context: did he receive any award?

Context: how much money does the winner get?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who founded this award?

Context: The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist founded this award as per Alfred Nobel's last Will.

Question: who was the scientist mentioned last?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: He was a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and philanthropist.

Explanation: Alfred Bernhard Nobel ( , ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and philanthropist.


Context: In the Nuclear Fission

Context: what is this process about?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: where is the former from?

Context: He was from Frankfurt am Main

Context: what else has he discovered?

Context: did he receive any award?

Context: how much money does the winner get?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who founded this award?

Context: who was the scientist mentioned last?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: will it be presented posthumously?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Although posthumous nominations are not presently permitted, individuals who died in the months between their nomination and the decision of the prize committee were originally eligible to receive the prize.

Explanation: Although posthumous nominations are not presently permitted, individuals who died in the months between their nomination and the decision of the prize committee were originally eligible to receive the prize.


Question: the mitochrondria is the powerhouse of the cell

Answer: Yes.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Yes.

Explanation: The most prominent roles of mitochondria are to produce the energy currency of the cell, ATP (i.e., phosphorylation of ADP),

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Mitochondrion [SEP] Introduction

Mitochondria generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. A mitochondrion is thus termed the "powerhouse" of the cell. Mitochondria are commonly between 0.75 and 3 μm² in area but vary considerably in size and structure. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondrial biogenesis is in turn temporally coordinated with these cellular processes. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, such as mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, heart failure and autism.


Context: the mitochrondria is the powerhouse of the cell

Context: Yes.

Question: who was the first to discover it?

Answer: Richard Altmann.

Answer: Richard Altmann

Answer: Richard Altmann.

Answer: Richard Altmann

Mitochondrion [SEP] History of discovery and research

The first observations of intracellular structures that probably represented mitochondria were published in the 1840s. Richard Altmann, in 1890, established them as cell organelles and called them "bioblasts". The term "mitochondria" was coined by Carl Benda in 1898. Leonor Michaelis discovered that Janus green can be used as a supravital stain for mitochondria in 1900. In 1904, Friedrich Meves, made the first recorded observation of mitochondria in plants in cells of the white waterlily, "Nymphaea alba" and in 1908, along with Claudius Regaud, suggested that they contain proteins and lipids. Benjamin F. Kingsbury, in 1912, first related them with cell respiration, but almost exclusively based on morphological observations.


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Question: what exactly is it?

Answer: It is a semi autonomous double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.

Answer: It is a semi autonomous double-membrane-bound organelle.

Answer: It is a semi autonomous double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.

Answer: The mitochondrion is a semi autonomous double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.

Mitochondrion [SEP] Introduction

The mitochondrion (, plural mitochondria) is a semi autonomous double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. Some cells in some multicellular organisms may, however, lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). A number of unicellular organisms, such as microsporidia, parabasalids, and diplomonads, have also reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures. To date, only one eukaryote, "Monocercomonoides", is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, and one multicellular organism, "Henneguya salminicola", is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek , , "thread", and , , "granule" or "grain-like".


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: It is a semi autonomous double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.

Question: who is the above-mentioned person?

Answer: A German pathologist and histologist.

Answer: He was a German pathologist and histologist.

Answer: He  was a German pathologist and histologist.

Answer: He was a German pathologist and histologist from Deutsch Eylau in the Province of Prussia.

Richard Altmann [SEP] Introduction

Richard Altmann (12 March 1852 – 8 December 1900) was a German pathologist and histologist from Deutsch Eylau in the Province of Prussia. Altmann studied medicine in Greifswald, Königsberg, Marburg, and Giessen, obtaining a doctorate at the University of Giessen in 1877. He then worked as a prosector at Leipzig, and in 1887 became an anatomy professor (extraordinary). He died in Hubertusburg in 1900 from a nervous disorder. He improved fixation methods, for instance, his solution of potassium dichromate and osmium tetroxide. Using that along with a new staining technique of applying acid-fuchsin contrasted by picric acid amid delicate heating, he observed filaments in the nearly all cell types, developed from granules.


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Question: when did he discover this organelle mentioned above?

Answer: 1890.

Answer: 1890

Answer: 1890.

Explanation: Richard Altmann, in 1890, established them as cell organelles and called them "bioblasts". The term "mitochondria" was coined by Carl Benda in 1898.

Answer: 1890


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Context: when did he discover this organelle mentioned above?

Question: where is he from?

Answer: Deutsch Eylau in the Province of Prussia.

Answer: Deutsch Eylau

Explanation: Richard Altmann (12 March 1852 – 8 December 1900) was a German pathologist and histologist from Deutsch Eylau in the Province of Prussia.

Answer: Deutsch Eylau in the Province of Prussia.

Answer: Province of Prussia

Richard Altmann [SEP] Introduction


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Context: where is he from?

Context: Deutsch Eylau in the Province of Prussia.

Question: where is this province located?

Answer: Kingdom of Prussia.

Answer: Prussia

Answer: Germany.

Explanation: The Kingdom of Prussia () was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the

Answer: Prussia

Province of Prussia [SEP] Introduction

The Province of Prussia ( ; ; ) was a province of Prussia from 1829 to 1878. Prussia was established as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1829 from the provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, and was dissolved in 1878 when the merger was reversed. Königsberg (present-day Kaliningrad, Russia) was the provincial capital.


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Context: where is he from?

Context: where is this province located?

Context: Kingdom of Prussia.

Question: who are the natives of this kingdom?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: House of Hohenzollern.

Explanation: The kings of Prussia were from the House of Hohenzollern. Brandenburg-Prussia, predecessor of the kingdom, became a military p

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Province of Prussia [SEP] Introduction


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Context: where is he from?

Context: where is this province located?

Context: Kingdom of Prussia.

Context: who are the natives of this kingdom?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which year did it experience a plague?

Answer: 1708.

Answer: 1708

Answer: 1708.

Answer: 1708

Kingdom of Prussia [SEP] 1701–1721: Plague and the Great Northern War

The Kingdom of Prussia was still recovering from the devastation of the Thirty Years' War and poor in natural resources. Its territory was disjointed, stretching from the lands of the Duchy of Prussia on the south-east coast of the Baltic Sea to the Hohenzollern heartland of Brandenburg, with the exclaves of Cleves, Mark and Ravensberg in the Rhineland. In 1708 about one third of the population of the Duchy of Prussia died of bubonic plague. The plague reached Prenzlau in August 1710 but receded before it could reach the capital Berlin, which was only away. The Great Northern War was the first major conflict that the Kingdom of Prussia was involved in.


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Context: where is he from?

Context: where is this province located?

Context: Kingdom of Prussia.

Context: who are the natives of this kingdom?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which year did it experience a plague?

Question: has it experienced any wars?

Answer: Thirty Years' War, the Great Northern War and others.

1701–1721: Plague and the Great Northern War

Explanation:
The Kingdom of Prussia was still recovering from the devastation of the Thirty Years' War and poor in natural resources. Its territory was disjointed, stretching from the lands of the Duchy of Prussia on the south-east coast of the Baltic Sea to the Hohenzollern heartland of Brandenburg, with the exclaves of Cleves, Mark and Ravensberg in the Rhineland. In 1708 about one third of the population of the Duchy of Prussia died of bubonic plague. The plague reached Prenzlau in August 1710 but receded before it could reach the capital Berlin, which was only away.

The Great Northern War was the first major conflict that the Kingdom of Prussia was involved in.

Answer: Yes, the Great Northern War.

Explanation: The Great Northern War was the first major conflict that the Kingdom of Prussia was involved in. S

Answer: Yes, many wars.

Explanation: Throughout the next hundred years Prussia went on to win many battles, and many wars.

Answer: Yes, The Silesian wars

Explanation: Frederick invaded Silesia, thereby beginning the War of the Austrian Succession.

Starting in 1700, the Great Northern War involved a coalition led by Tsarist Russia against the dominant North European power at the time, the Swedish Empire. Frederick William in 1705 tried to get Prussia involved in the war, stating it "best Prussia has her own army and make her own decisions." His views, however, were not considered acceptable by those in power. It was not until 1713 that Frederick William gained full royal powers. Therefore, in 1715, Prussia, led by Frederick William, joined the coalition for various reasons, including the danger of being attacked from both her rear and the sea; her claims on Pomerania; and the fact that if she stood aside and Sweden lost she would not get a share of the territory.


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Context: where is he from?

Context: where is this province located?

Context: Kingdom of Prussia.

Context: who are the natives of this kingdom?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which year did it experience a plague?

Context: has it experienced any wars?

Context: Thirty Years' War, the Great Northern War and others.

Question: where was the latter war fought?

Answer: Swedish Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish Livonia, and Swedish Ingria among others.

Answer: Swedish Livonia, and Swedish Ingria.

Answer: Travendal, Narva, etc.

Explanation: when an alliance of Denmark–Norway, Saxony and Russia, sensing an opportunity as Sweden was ruled by the young Charles XII, declared war on the Swedish Empire and launched a threefold attack on Swedish Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish Livonia, and Swedish Ingria. Sweden parried the Danish and Russian attacks at Travendal (August 1700) and Narva (November 1700) respectively, and in a counter-offensive pushed Augustus II's forces through the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to Saxony, dethroning Augustus on the way (September 1706) and forcing him to acknowledge defeat in the Treaty of Altranstädt (October 1706). The treaty also secure

Answer: of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe

Explanation: The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

Great Northern War [SEP] Introduction

Charles XII led the Swedish army. Swedish allies included Holstein-Gottorp, several Polish magnates under Stanisław I Leszczyński (1704–1710) and Cossacks under the Ukrainian Hetman Ivan Mazepa (1708–1710). The Ottoman Empire temporarily hosted Charles XII of Sweden and intervened against Peter I. The war began when an alliance of Denmark–Norway, Saxony and Russia, sensing an opportunity as Sweden was ruled by the young Charles XII, declared war on the Swedish Empire and launched a threefold attack on Swedish Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish Livonia, and Swedish Ingria. Sweden parried the Danish and Russian attacks at Travendal (August 1700) and Narva (November 1700) respectively, and in a counter-offensive pushed Augustus II's forces through the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to Saxony, dethroning Augustus on the way (September 1706) and forcing him to acknowledge defeat in the Treaty of Altranstädt (October 1706).


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Context: where is he from?

Context: where is this province located?

Context: Kingdom of Prussia.

Context: who are the natives of this kingdom?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which year did it experience a plague?

Context: has it experienced any wars?

Context: where was the latter war fought?

Context: Swedish Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish Livonia, and Swedish Ingria among others.

Question: when did it end?

Answer: 1721.

Explanation: The Great Northern War (1700–1721)

Answer: 1721

Answer: 30 August 1721.

Explanation: Therefore, the war was finally concluded by the Treaty of Nystad between Russia and Sweden in Uusikaupunki ("Nystad") on 30 August 1721 (OS

Answer: 30 August 1721

Great Northern War [SEP] Introduction

The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I of Russia, Frederick IV of Denmark–Norway and Augustus II the Strong of Saxony–Poland–Lithuania. Frederick IV and Augustus II were defeated by Sweden, under Charles XII, and forced out of the alliance in 1700 and 1706 respectively, but rejoined it in 1709 after the defeat of Charles XII at the Battle of Poltava. George I of Great Britain and the Electorate of Hanover joined the coalition in 1714 for Hanover and in 1717 for Britain, and Frederick William I of Brandenburg-Prussia joined it in 1715.


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Context: where is he from?

Context: where is this province located?

Context: Kingdom of Prussia.

Context: who are the natives of this kingdom?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which year did it experience a plague?

Context: has it experienced any wars?

Context: where was the latter war fought?

Context: when did it end?

Question: what was the reason behind the start of the war?

Answer: The war began when an alliance of Denmark–Norway, Saxony and Russia, sensing an opportunity as Sweden was ruled by the young Charles XII, declared war on the Swedish Empire.

Answer: The war began when an alliance of Denmark–Norway, Saxony and Russia, sensing an opportunity as Sweden was ruled by the young Charles XII declared war on the Swedish Empire.

Answer: The war began when an alliance of Denmark–Norway, Saxony and Russia, sensing an opportunity as Sweden was ruled by the young Charles XII, declared war on the Swedish Empire.

Explanation: The war began when an alliance of Denmark–Norway, Saxony and Russia, sensing an opportunity as Sweden was ruled by the young Charles XII, declared war on the Swedish Empire and launched a threefold attack on Swedish Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish Livonia, and Swedish Ingria.

Answer: Between the years of 1560 and 1658, Sweden created a Baltic empire centred on the Gulf of Finland and comprising the provinces of Karelia, Ingria, Estonia, and Livonia. During the Thirty Years' War Sweden gained tracts in Germany as well, including Western Pomerania, Wismar, the Duchy of Bremen, and Verden. During the same period, Sweden conquered Danish and Norwegian provinces north of the Sound

Explanation: Between the years of 1560 and 1658, Sweden created a Baltic empire centred on the Gulf of Finland and comprising the provinces of Karelia, Ingria, Estonia, and Livonia. During the Thirty Years' War Sweden gained tracts in Germany as well, including Western Pomerania, Wismar, the Duchy of Bremen, and Verden. During the same period, Sweden conquered Danish and Norwegian provinces north of the Sound

Great Northern War [SEP] Introduction


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Context: where is he from?

Context: where is this province located?

Context: Kingdom of Prussia.

Context: who are the natives of this kingdom?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which year did it experience a plague?

Context: has it experienced any wars?

Context: where was the latter war fought?

Context: when did it end?

Context: what was the reason behind the start of the war?

Context: The war began when an alliance of Denmark–Norway, Saxony and Russia, sensing an opportunity as Sweden was ruled by the young Charles XII, declared war on the Swedish Empire.

Question: did the former war mentioned earlier, really stretch for thirty years?

Answer: Yes, from 1618 to 1648.

Answer: Yes, from  1618 to 1648.

Answer: The Great Northern War took place between 1700–1721.

Explanation: The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leader

Answer: Yes, between 1618 and 1648

Thirty Years' War [SEP] Introduction

The Thirty Years' War was primarily fought in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. Estimates of the total number of military and civilian deaths which resulted range from 4.5 to 8 million, the vast majority from disease or starvation. In some areas of Germany, it has been suggested up to 60% of the population died. Until 1938, the war was usually presented as a German conflict; this changed when historian CV Wedgwood argued it formed part of a wider, ongoing European struggle, with the Habsburg-Bourbon conflict at its centre. This is now the generally accepted view, with related conflicts such as the 1568–1648 Eighty Years War, the 1635-59 Franco-Spanish War, and the 1629–31 War of the Mantuan Succession.


Context: Yes.

Context: who was the first to discover it?

Context: Richard Altmann.

Context: what exactly is it?

Context: who is the above-mentioned person?

Context: A German pathologist and histologist.

Context: where is he from?

Context: where is this province located?

Context: Kingdom of Prussia.

Context: who are the natives of this kingdom?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which year did it experience a plague?

Context: has it experienced any wars?

Context: where was the latter war fought?

Context: when did it end?

Context: did the former war mentioned earlier, really stretch for thirty years?

Context: Yes, from 1618 to 1648.

Question: how many lives were lost to it?

Answer: Estimates range from 4.5 to 8 million.

Answer: 4.5 to 8 million.

Explanation: The Thirty Years' War was primarily fought in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. Estimates of the total number of military and civilian deaths which resulted range from 4.5 to 8 million,

Answer: 4.5 to 8 million.

Answer: From 4.5 to 8 million

Explanation: Estimates of the total number of military and civilian deaths which resulted range from 4.5 to 8 million, the vast majority from disease or starvation. In some areas of Germany, it has been suggested up to 60% of the population died.

Thirty Years' War [SEP] Introduction


Question: when was the first man made diamond made

Answer: 1954

Explanation: Records of attempted diamond synthesis date back to the turn of the twentieth century. Numerous scientists claimed to have successfully synthesized diamonds between 1879 and 1928, but none was confirmed. In the 1940s, systematic research began in the United States, Sweden and the Soviet Union to grow diamonds, which culminated in the first reproducible synthesis of diamond in 1954.

Answer: 1879

Explanation: After the 1797 discovery that diamond was pure carbon, many attempts were made to convert various cheap forms of carbon into diamond. The earliest successes were reported by James Ballantyne Hannay in 1879

Answer: 1954

Answer: 1879

Explanation: The earliest successes were reported by James Ballantyne Hannay in 1879 and by Ferdinand Frédéric Henri Moissan in 1893

Synthetic diamond [SEP] Introduction

This early research of diamond synthesis in the U.S., Sweden and the Soviet Union yielded the discovery of the CVD diamond (chemical vapor deposition) and HPHT diamond (high-pressure high-temperature) processes. These two processes still dominate the production of synthetic diamond, but researchers have since discovered a third and fourth method of diamond synthesis. A third method, known as detonation synthesis, entered the diamond market in the late 1990s. In this process, the detonation of carbon-containing explosives creates nanometer-sized diamond grains. Scientists have also demonstrated a fourth method of diamond synthesis, treating graphite with high-power ultrasound, but this process currently has no commercial application.


Context: when was the first man made diamond made

Question: what are the materials required to make this?

Answer: Pure carbon, the belt press, the cubic press and the split-sphere (BARS) press.

Explanation:
In the HPHT method, there are three main press designs used to supply the pressure and temperature necessary to produce synthetic diamond: the belt press, the cubic press and the split-sphere (BARS) press. Diamond seeds are placed at the bottom of the press.
The internal part of press is heated above 1400 °C and melts the solvent metal. The molten metal dissolves the high purity carbon source, which is then transported to the small diamond seeds and precipitates, forming a large synthetic diamond.

Answer: Pure carbon crystallized in an isotropic 3D form

Explanation: Synthetic diamond (also referred to as laboratory-grown diamond, laboratory-created diamond, or cultured diamond) is a diamond made of the same material as natural diamonds: pure carbon, crystallized in an isotropic 3D form. Synthetic diamond are different from both natural diamond, which is created by geological processes, and imitation diamond, which is made of non-diamond material.

Answer: Pure carbon, crystallized in an isotropic 3D form.

Answer: Pure carbon

Synthetic diamond [SEP] High pressure, high temperature

However, such a press would be complex and difficult to manufacture. The BARS apparatus is claimed to be the most compact, efficient, and economical of all the diamond-producing presses. In the center of a BARS device, there is a ceramic cylindrical "synthesis capsule" of about 2 cm in size. The cell is placed into a cube of pressure-transmitting material, such as pyrophyllite ceramics, which is pressed by inner anvils made from cemented carbide (e.g., tungsten carbide or VK10 hard alloy). The outer octahedral cavity is pressed by 8 steel outer anvils. After mounting, the whole assembly is locked in a disc-type barrel with a diameter about 1 meter.


Context: what are the materials required to make this?

Context: Pure carbon, the belt press, the cubic press and the split-sphere (BARS) press.

Question: what temperature-pressure conditions are required fopr this?

Answer: High pressure, high temperature.

Explanation: Hall achieved the first commercially successful synthesis of diamond on December 16, 1954, and this was announced on February 15, 1955. His breakthrough was using a "belt" press, which was capable of producing pressures above and temperatures above

Answer: 1400 °C

Explanation:
In the HPHT method, there are three main press designs used to supply the pressure and temperature necessary to produce synthetic diamond: the belt press, the cubic press and the split-sphere (BARS) press. Diamond seeds are placed at the bottom of the press.
The internal part of press is heated above 1400 °C and melts the solvent metal. The molten metal dissolves the high purity carbon source, which is then transported to the small diamond seeds and precipitates, forming a large synthetic diamond.

Answer: 1400 °C

Answer: High pressure and high temperature

Explanation: The original method uses high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) and is still widely used because of its relatively low cost.

Synthetic diamond [SEP] GE diamond project

His breakthrough was using a "belt" press, which was capable of producing pressures above and temperatures above . The press used a pyrophyllite container in which graphite was dissolved within molten nickel, cobalt or iron. Those metals acted as a "solvent-catalyst", which both dissolved carbon and accelerated its conversion into diamond. The largest diamond he produced was across; it was too small and visually imperfect for jewelry, but usable in industrial abrasives. Hall's co-workers were able to replicate his work, and the discovery was published in the major journal "Nature". He was the first person to grow a synthetic diamond with a reproducible, verifiable and well-documented process.


Context: what temperature-pressure conditions are required fopr this?

Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Question: can you mention any of its uses?

Answer: Machine tools and cutting tools; as a Thermal conductor; as an Optical material; semiconductors ; gemstones

Explanation: Most industrial applications of synthetic diamond have long been associated with their hardness; this property makes diamond the ideal material for machine tools and cutting tools. As the hardest known naturally occurring material, diamond can be used to polish, cut, or wear away any material, including other diamonds. Common industrial applications of this ability include diamond-tipped drill bits and saws, and the use of diamond powder as an abrasive. These are by far the largest industrial applications of synthetic diamond. While natural diamond is also used for these purposes, synthetic HPHT diamond is more popular, mostly because of better reproducibility of its mechanical properties. Diamond is not suitable for machining ferrous alloys at high speeds, as carbon is soluble in iron at the high temperatures created by high-speed machining, leading to greatly increased wear on diamond tools compared to alternatives.

Answer: As gemstones

Explanation: ynthetic diamonds for use as gemstones are grown by HPHT or CVD methods, and represented approximately 2% of the gem-quality diamond market as of 2013.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: As radiation detection device

Explanation: Synthetic diamond is already used as radiation detection device

Synthetic diamond [SEP] Machining and cutting tools


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: Machine tools and cutting tools; as a Thermal conductor; as an Optical material; semiconductors ; gemstones

Question: what is the first one?

Answer: A machine for handling or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation

Answer: It is a tool is a machine for handling or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation

Answer: A machine for handling or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation

Answer: A machine tool is a machine for handling or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation

Machine tool [SEP] Introduction

A machine tool is a machine for handling or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation. Machine tools employ some sort of tool that does the cutting or shaping. All machine tools have some means of constraining the workpiece and provide a guided movement of the parts of the machine. Thus the relative movement between the workpiece and the cutting tool (which is called the toolpath) is controlled or constrained by the machine to at least some extent, rather than being entirely "offhand" or "freehand". It is a power driven metal cutting machine which assists in managing the needed relative motion between cutting tool and the job that changes the size and shape of the job material.


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: A machine for handling or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation

Question: can you provide me the historical background for such tools?

Answer: Forerunners of machine tools included bow drills and potter's wheels, which had existed in ancient Egypt prior to 2500 BC, and lathes, known to have existed in multiple regions of Europe since at least 1000 to 500 BC.

Explanation: Forerunners of machine tools included bow drills and potter's wheels, which had existed in ancient Egypt prior to 2500 BC, and lathes, known to have existed in multiple regions of Europe since at least 1000 to 500 BC. But it was not until the later Middle Ages and the Age of Enlightenment that the modern concept of a machine tool—a class of machines used as tools in the making of metal parts, and incorporating machine-guided toolpath—began to evolve. Clockmakers of the Middle Ages and renaissance men such as Leonardo da Vinci helped expand humans' technological milieu toward the preconditions for industrial machine tools. During the 18th and 19th centuries, and even in many cases in the 20th, the builders of machine tools tended to be the same people who would then use them to produce the end products (manufactured goods). However, from these roots also evolved an industry of machine tool builders as we define them today, meaning people who specialize in building machine tools for sale

Answer: Forerunners of machine tools included bow drills and potter's wheels, which had existed in ancient Egypt prior to 2500 BC, and lathes, known to have existed in multiple regions of Europe since at least 1000 to 500 BC but But it was not until the later Middle Ages and the Age of Enlightenment that the modern concept of a machine tool—a class of machines used as tools in the making of metal parts, and incorporating machine-guided toolpath—began to evolve

Answer: Forerunners of machine tools included bow drills and potter's wheels, which had existed in ancient Egypt prior to 2500 BC, and lathes, known to have existed in multiple regions of Europe since at least 1000 to 500 BC

Answer: Forerunners of machine tools included bow drills and potter's wheels, which had existed in ancient Egypt prior to 2500 BC, and lathes, known to have existed in multiple regions of Europe since at least 1000 to 500 BC

Machine tool [SEP] History


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: can you provide me the historical background for such tools?

Context: Forerunners of machine tools included bow drills and potter's wheels, which had existed in ancient Egypt prior to 2500 BC, and lathes, known to have existed in multiple regions of Europe since at least 1000 to 500 BC.

Question: can you name any prominent figure involved in this background?

Answer: Leonardo da Vinci

Explanation: But it was not until the later Middle Ages and the Age of Enlightenment that the modern concept of a machine tool—a class of machines used as tools in the making of metal parts, and incorporating machine-guided toolpath—began to evolve. Clockmakers of the Middle Ages and renaissance men such as Leonardo da Vinci helped expand humans' technological milieu toward the preconditions for industrial machine tools.

Answer: Leonardo da Vinci

Explanation: Clockmakers of the Middle Ages and renaissance men such as Leonardo da Vinci helped expand humans' technological milieu toward the preconditions for industrial machine tools. During the 18th and 19th centuries, and even in many cases in the 20th, the builders of machine tools tended to be the same people who would then use them to produce the end products (manufactured goods). However, from these roots also evolved an industry of machine tool builders as we define them today, meaning people who specialize in building machine tools for sale to others.

Answer: Leonardo da Vinci

Answer: Leonardo da Vinci

Machine tool [SEP] History

Cast iron could be cast in molds for larger parts, such as engine cylinders and gears, but was difficult to work with a file and could not be hammered. Red hot wrought iron could be hammered into shapes. Room temperature wrought iron was worked with a file and chisel and could be made into gears and other complex parts; however, hand working lacked precision and was a slow and expensive process.


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: can you name any prominent figure involved in this background?

Context: Leonardo da Vinci

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Tuscan hill town of Vinci, Republic of Florence.

Answer: Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of the Arno river in the territory of the Medici-ruled Republic of Florence

Answer: Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of the Arno river in the territory of the Medici-ruled Republic of Florence

Answer: Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of the Arno river in the territory of the Medici-ruled Republic of Florence

Leonardo da Vinci [SEP] Early life

Leonardo was born on 14/15 April 1452 in the Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of the Arno river in the territory of the Medici-ruled Republic of Florence. He was the out-of-wedlock son of Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci, a wealthy Florentine legal notary, and a peasant named Caterina, identified as Caterina Buti del Vacca and more recently as Caterina di Meo Lippi by historian Martin Kemp. There have been many theories regarding Leonardo's mother's identity, including that she was a slave of foreign origin or an impoverished local youth. Leonardo had no surname in the modern sense—da Vinci simply meaning "of Vinci"; his full birth name was Lionardo di ser Piero da Vinci, meaning "Leonardo, (son) of ser Piero (from) Vinci." Leonardo spent his first years in the hamlet of Anchiano in the home of his mother, and from at least 1457 lived in the household of his father, grandparents and uncle in the small town of Vinci.


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: Leonardo da Vinci

Context: where was he born?

Context: Tuscan hill town of Vinci, Republic of Florence.

Question: what was his profession?

Answer: Painter, engineer

Answer: Painter

Explanation: Leonardo da Vinci (; 14/15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time. The "Mona Lisa" is the most famous of his works and the most famous portrait ever made. "The Last Supper" is the most reproduced religious painting of all time and his "Vitruvian Man" drawing is also regarded as a cultural icon. He is also known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on science and invention; these involve a variety of subjects including anatomy, cartography, painting, and palaeontology. Leonardo's collective works compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary Michelangelo.

Answer: Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time

Answer: A polymath and painter

Leonardo da Vinci [SEP] Introduction


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: Leonardo da Vinci

Context: where was he born?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: Painter, engineer

Question: can you name any such painted work by him?

Answer: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Answer: The Last Supper and Mona Lisa

Explanation: Leonardo da Vinci (; 14/15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time. The "Mona Lisa" is the most famous of his works and the most famous portrait ever made. "The Last Supper" is the most reproduced religious painting of all time and his "Vitruvian Man" drawing is also regarded as a cultural icon. He is also known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on science and invention; these involve a variety of subjects including anatomy, cartography, painting, and palaeontology. Leonardo's collective works compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary Michelangelo.

Answer: "Mona Lisa"

Answer: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man

Leonardo da Vinci [SEP] Introduction


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: Leonardo da Vinci

Context: where was he born?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: Painter, engineer

Context: can you name any such painted work by him?

Context: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Question: by whom was the second one commissioned?

Answer: Ludovico Sforza - Duke of Milan

Answer: Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan

Answer: Ludovico Sforza

Explanation: Leonardo's patron, Ludovico Sforza, planned that the church should be remodeled as a family mausoleum, and to this end, changes were made, perhaps to plans by Bramante. The entire plan was not carried out. and a smaller mortuary chapel was constructed, adjacent to the cloister.

Answer: Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan

The Last Supper (Leonardo) [SEP] Introduction

The Last Supper ( or "L'Ultima Cena" ) is a late 15th-century mural painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci housed by the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. It is one of the Western world's most recognizable paintings. The work is assumed to have been started around 1495–96 and was commissioned as part of a plan of renovations to the church and its convent buildings by Leonardo's patron Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. The painting represents the scene of the Last Supper of Jesus with his apostles, as it is told in the Gospel of John, 13:21.


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: Leonardo da Vinci

Context: where was he born?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: Painter, engineer

Context: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Context: by whom was the second one commissioned?

Context: Ludovico Sforza - Duke of Milan

Question: what media was used for this work?

Answer: Oil painting

Explanation: Leonardo, as a painter, favoured oil painting, a medium which allows the artist to work slowly and make changes with ease. Fresco painting does not facilitate either of these things. Leonardo also sought a greater luminosity and intensity of light and shade (chiaroscuro) than could be achieved with fresco. Instead of painting with water-soluble paints onto wet plaster, laid freshly each day in sections, Leonardo painted "The Last Supper" on a wall sealed with a double layer of gesso, pitch, and mastic. Then, borrowing from panel painting, he added an undercoat of white lead to enhance the brightness of the oil and tempera that was applied on top. This was a method that had been described previously by Cennino Cennini in the 14th century. However, Cennini described the technique as being more risky than fresco painting, and recommended the use of "a secco" painting (on dry plaster) for the final touches alone.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Oil painting

Answer: Oil

The Last Supper (Leonardo) [SEP] Medium


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: Leonardo da Vinci

Context: where was he born?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: Painter, engineer

Context: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Context: Ludovico Sforza - Duke of Milan

Context: what media was used for this work?

Context: Oil painting

Question: did it needed repairs later?

Answer: Yes -  Between 1946 and 1954, undertook a clean-and-stabilise restoration, which Brera director was involved in. Pellicioli reattached paint to the wall using a clear shellac, making it relatively darker and more colorful, and removed some of the overpainting. However, as of 1972, the repainting done in various restorations had made the heads of saints Peter, Andrew, and James differ significantly from the original design.

Answer: Yes, he painting's appearance by the late 1970s had become badly deteriorated. From 1978 to 1999, Pinin Brambilla Barcilon guided a major restoration project which undertook to stabilize the painting, and reverse the damage caused by dirt and pollution

Explanation: The painting's appearance by the late 1970s had become badly deteriorated. From 1978 to 1999, Pinin Brambilla Barcilon guided a major restoration project which undertook to stabilize the painting, and reverse the damage caused by dirt and pollution

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Yes. In 1726

Explanation: A first restoration was attempted in 1726 by Michelangelo Bellotti,

The Last Supper (Leonardo) [SEP] Damage and restorations

During World War II, on 15 August 1943, the refectory was struck by Allied bombing; protective sandbagging prevented the painting from being struck by bomb splinters, but it may have been damaged by the vibration. Between 1946 and 1954, undertook a clean-and-stabilise restoration, which Brera director was involved in. Pellicioli reattached paint to the wall using a clear shellac, making it relatively darker and more colorful, and removed some of the overpainting. However, as of 1972, the repainting done in various restorations had made the heads of saints Peter, Andrew, and James differ significantly from the original design.


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: Leonardo da Vinci

Context: where was he born?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: Painter, engineer

Context: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Context: Ludovico Sforza - Duke of Milan

Context: what media was used for this work?

Context: Oil painting

Context: did it needed repairs later?

Context: Yes -  Between 1946 and 1954, undertook a clean-and-stabilise restoration, which Brera director was involved in. Pellicioli reattached paint to the wall using a clear shellac, making it relatively darker and more colorful, and removed some of the overpainting. However, as of 1972, the repainting done in various restorations had made the heads of saints Peter, Andrew, and James differ significantly from the original design.

Question: what is the cultural significance of this painted piece?

Answer: It has frequently been referenced, reproduced, or parodied in Western culture.

Answer: It has frequently been referenced, reproduced, or parodied in Western culture

Answer: Referenced, reproduced, or parodied in Western culture

Answer: It has frequently been referenced, reproduced, or parodied in Western culture

The Last Supper (Leonardo) [SEP] In culture

"The Last Supper" has frequently been referenced, reproduced, or parodied in Western culture. Some of the more notable examples are:


Context: High pressure, high temperature.

Context: can you mention any of its uses?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: Leonardo da Vinci

Context: where was he born?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: Painter, engineer

Context: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Context: Ludovico Sforza - Duke of Milan

Context: what media was used for this work?

Context: Oil painting

Context: did it needed repairs later?

Context: what is the cultural significance of this painted piece?

Context: It has frequently been referenced, reproduced, or parodied in Western culture.

Question: has it been referred to in any movies as well?

Answer: Yes - Viridiana, MASH, Jesus Christ Superstar

Explanation: In Luis Buñuel's 1961 Spanish film "Viridiana", a "tableau vivant" of Leonardo's painting is staged with beggars. Another beggar "photographs" the scene by flashing them. This scene contributed to its refusal by the Vatican who called it "blasphemous." The painting is parodied in the original 1970 movie "MASH", in the scene where Hawkeye Pierce stages a "last supper" for Walt (Painless) Waldowski before his planned suicide. The various doctors, all in surgical scrubs, pose in imitation of the painting. In Norman Jewison's 1973 film version of "Jesus Christ Superstar", in the Last Supper sequence, Jesus and the 12 apostles briefly mimic the posture of each character in Da Vinci's painting. The painting is also parodied in Mel Brooks's 1981 movie "History of the World, Part I", making Leonardo a contemporary of Jesus.

Answer: Yes, Viridiana

Answer: Yes,  "Viridiana"

Answer: Yes. Viridiana, MASH and Jesus Christ Superstar

The Last Supper (Leonardo) [SEP] Film and television


Question: where may have the mycenaeans ultimately ended up

Answer: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Mycenaean Greece perished with the collapse of Bronze Age culture in the eastern Mediterranean

Explanation: Mycenaean Greece perished with the collapse of Bronze Age culture in the eastern Mediterranean

Mycenaean Greece [SEP] Final collapse

Mycenaean refugees migrated to Cyprus and the Levantine coast. Nevertheless, other regions on the edge of the Mycenaean world prospered, such as the Ionian islands, the northwestern Peloponnese, parts of Attica and a number of Aegean islands. The acropolis of Athens, oddly, appears to have avoided destruction.


Context: where may have the mycenaeans ultimately ended up

Context: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Question: where is the former place located?

Answer: In the Eastern Mediterranean - south of Turkey; west of Syria and Lebanon; north of Egypt, Israel, and Palestine; and southeast of Greece.

Answer: It is located south of Turkey; west of Syria and Lebanon; north of Egypt, Israel, and Palestine; and southeast of Greece.

Answer: In the Eastern Mediterranean.

Answer: It is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean, located south of Turkey; west of Syria and Lebanon; north of Egypt, Israel, and Palestine; and southeast of Greece.

Cyprus [SEP] Introduction

Cyprus (; ; ), officially called the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean. The third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, it is located south of Turkey; west of Syria and Lebanon; north of Egypt, Israel, and Palestine; and southeast of Greece. The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC.


Context: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Context: where is the former place located?

Context: In the Eastern Mediterranean - south of Turkey; west of Syria and Lebanon; north of Egypt, Israel, and Palestine; and southeast of Greece.

Question: how was the place during the middle ages?

Answer: When the Roman Empire was divided into Eastern and Western parts in 395, Cyprus became part of the East Roman, or Byzantine Empire.

Answer: When the Roman Empire was divided into Eastern and Western parts in 395, Cyprus became part of the East Roman, or Byzantine Empire, and would remain so until the Crusades some 800 years later.

Answer: It  became part of the East Roman, or Byzantine Empire, and would remain so until the Crusades some 800 years later

Answer: Beginning in 649, Cyprus endured several attacks launched by raiders from the Levant, which continued for the next 300 years. Many were quick piratical raids, but others were large-scale attacks in which many Cypriots were slaughtered and great wealth carried off or destroyed.

Cyprus [SEP] Middle Ages

When the Roman Empire was divided into Eastern and Western parts in 395, Cyprus became part of the East Roman, or Byzantine Empire, and would remain so until the Crusades some 800 years later. Under Byzantine rule, the Greek orientation that had been prominent since antiquity developed the strong Hellenistic-Christian character that continues to be a hallmark of the Greek Cypriot community. Beginning in 649, Cyprus endured several attacks launched by raiders from the Levant, which continued for the next 300 years. Many were quick piratical raids, but others were large-scale attacks in which many Cypriots were slaughtered and great wealth carried off or destroyed.


Context: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Context: where is the former place located?

Context: how was the place during the middle ages?

Context: When the Roman Empire was divided into Eastern and Western parts in 395, Cyprus became part of the East Roman, or Byzantine Empire.

Question: what cultural influence does it have?

Answer: Greek Cypriots have influences from Greece and Christianity, while Turkish Cypriots have influences from Turkey and Islam.

Answer: Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots share a lot in common in their culture due to cultural exchanges but also have differences.

Explanation: Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots share a lot in common in their culture due to cultural exchanges but also have differences. Several traditional food (such as souvla and halloumi) and beverages are similar, as well as expressions and ways of life. Hospitality and buying or offering food and drinks for guests or others are common among both. In both communities, music, dance and art are integral parts of social life and many artistic, verbal and nonverbal expressions, traditional dances such as tsifteteli, similarities in dance costumes and importance placed on social activities are shared between the communities. However, the two communities have distinct religions and religious cultures, with the Greek Cypriots traditionally being Greek Orthodox and Turkish Cypriots traditionally being Sunni Muslims, which has partly hindered cultural exchange. Greek Cypriots have influences from Greece and Christianity, while Turkish Cypriots have influences from Turkey and Islam.

Answer: Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots share a lot in common in their culture due to cultural exchanges but also have differences

Answer: Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots share a lot in common in their culture due to cultural exchanges but also have differences. Several traditional food (such as souvla and halloumi) and beverages are similar with the Greek Cypriots traditionally being Greek Orthodox and Turkish Cypriots traditionally being Sunni Muslims,

Cyprus [SEP] Culture

Greek Cypriots have influences from Greece and Christianity, while Turkish Cypriots have influences from Turkey and Islam. The Limassol Carnival Festival is an annual carnival which is held at Limassol, in Cyprus. The event which is very popular in Cyprus was introduced in the 20th century.


Context: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Context: where is the former place located?

Context: what cultural influence does it have?

Context: Greek Cypriots have influences from Greece and Christianity, while Turkish Cypriots have influences from Turkey and Islam.

Question: what is the aforesaid place which is located at the southern turkey?

Answer: Cyprus is an island country

Explanation: Cyprus (; ; ), officially called the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Answer: Cyprus, officially called the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Answer: Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea

Explanation: Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea

Answer: Cyprus

Explanation: Cyprus

Cyprus [SEP] Introduction


Context: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Context: where is the former place located?

Context: what cultural influence does it have?

Context: what is the aforesaid place which is located at the southern turkey?

Context: Cyprus is an island country

Question: where is the aforesaid eastern mediterranean located?

Answer: It is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea.

Answer: It typically embraces all of that sea's coastal zones, referring to communities connected with the sea and land greatly climatically influenced, in Southeast Europe, northern Egypt and far Western Asia.

Answer: Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea

Answer: It typically embraces all of that sea's coastal zones, referring to communities connected with the sea and land greatly climatically influenced, in Southeast Europe, northern Egypt and far Western Asia.

Eastern Mediterranean [SEP] Introduction

Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea (its lowest common denominator being the Levantine Sea). It typically embraces all of that sea's coastal zones, referring to communities connected with the sea and land greatly climatically influenced, in Southeast Europe, northern Egypt and far Western Asia. It includes the southern half of Turkey's main region Anatolia, its smaller Hatay Province, the island of Cyprus, the Greek Dodecanese islands, the region of Syria (in the Levant), Lebanon, Gaza and Israel. Its broadest uses can embrace the Libyan Sea thus Libya; the Aegean Sea thus European Turkey (East Thrace), the mainland and islands of Greece; and a central part of the Mediterranean, the Ionian Sea, thus southern Albania in Southeast Europe reaching, west, to Italy's farthest south-eastern coasts.


Context: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Context: where is the former place located?

Context: what cultural influence does it have?

Context: Cyprus is an island country

Context: where is the aforesaid eastern mediterranean located?

Context: It is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea.

Question: which are the places it surrounds?

Answer: All of that sea's coastal zones in Southeast Europe, northern Egypt and far Western Asia.

Answer: It includes the southern half of Turkey's main region Anatolia, its smaller Hatay Province, the island of Cyprus, the Greek Dodecanese islands, the region of Syria (in the Levant), Lebanon, Gaza and Israel.

Answer: Southeast Europe, northern Egypt and far Western Asia

Explanation: . It typically embraces all of that sea's coastal zones, referring to communities connected with the sea and land greatly climatically influenced, in Southeast Europe, northern Egypt and far Western Asia. It includes the southern half of Turkey's main region Anatolia, its smaller Hatay Province, the island of Cyprus, the Greek Dodecanese islands, the region of Syria (in the Levant), Lebanon, Gaza and Israel.

Answer: It includes the southern half of Turkey's main region Anatolia, its smaller Hatay Province, the island of Cyprus, the Greek Dodecanese islands, the region of Syria (in the Levant), Lebanon, Gaza and Israel.


Context: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Context: where is the former place located?

Context: what cultural influence does it have?

Context: Cyprus is an island country

Context: which are the places it surrounds?

Context: All of that sea's coastal zones in Southeast Europe, northern Egypt and far Western Asia.

Question: how do you define the first one?

Answer: It is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan Peninsula.

Explanation: Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe () is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan Peninsula. There are overlapping and conflicting definitions as to where exactly Southeastern Europe begins or ends or how it relates to other regions of the continent. Sovereign states and territories that are included in the region are, in alphabetical order: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and East Thrace (part of Turkey). Sometimes, Moldova and Slovenia are also included. The largest city of the region is Istanbul (which straddles the Bosporus strait between Southeast Europe and Western Asia), followed by Bucharest, Sofia, Belgrade, and Athens.

Answer: Southeast Europe is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan Peninsula.

Answer: It  is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan Peninsula.

Answer: It is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan Peninsula.

Southeast Europe [SEP] Introduction


Context: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Context: where is the former place located?

Context: what cultural influence does it have?

Context: Cyprus is an island country

Context: which are the places it surrounds?

Context: how do you define the first one?

Context: It is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan Peninsula.

Question: what relation does it have with the cia?

Answer: The "CIA World Factbook" lists the countries included in this region.

Explanation:
In the "CIA World Factbook", the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region. The following countries are included in their classification "Southeast Europe":

In this classification, Slovenia is included in Central Europe, Greece in Southern Europe, and Moldova in Eastern Europe.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: : In the "CIA World Factbook", the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region

Answer: In the "CIA World Factbook", the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region.

Southeast Europe [SEP] "CIA World Factbook"


Context: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Context: where is the former place located?

Context: what cultural influence does it have?

Context: Cyprus is an island country

Context: which are the places it surrounds?

Context: how do you define the first one?

Context: what relation does it have with the cia?

Context: The "CIA World Factbook" lists the countries included in this region.

Question: what is the geography of this place?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Cyprus and the Levantine coast

Context: where is the former place located?

Context: what cultural influence does it have?

Context: Cyprus is an island country

Context: which are the places it surrounds?

Context: how do you define the first one?

Context: what is the geography of this place?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when did the aforesaid empire of 395 era had its transition to empire?

Answer: In the 3rd century BC

Answer: In 27 BC.

Explanation: In 27 BC the Senate and People of Rome made Octavian "princeps" ("first citizen") with proconsular "imperium", thus beginning the Principate (the first epoch of Roman imperial history, usually dated from 27 BC to 284 AD), and gave him the name "Augustus" ("the venerated").

Answer: Rome had begun expanding shortly after the founding of the republic in the 6th century BC, though it did not expand outside the Italian peninsula until the 3rd century BC

Answer: It spans  from approximately 1600–1100 BC. It represents the first advanced and distinctively Greek civilization in mainland Greece with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art, and writing system.

Explanation: spanning the period from approximately 1600–1100 BC. It represents the first advanced and distinctively Greek civilization in mainland Greece with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art, and writing system.

Roman Empire [SEP] Transition from Republic to Empire

Rome had begun expanding shortly after the founding of the republic in the 6th century BC, though it did not expand outside the Italian peninsula until the 3rd century BC. Then, it was an "empire" long before it had an emperor. The Roman Republic was not a nation-state in the modern sense, but a network of towns left to rule themselves (though with varying degrees of independence from the Roman Senate) and provinces administered by military commanders. It was ruled, not by emperors, but by annually elected magistrates (Roman Consuls above all) in conjunction with the Senate. For various reasons, the 1st century BC was a time of political and military upheaval, which ultimately led to rule by emperors.


Question: when was i know why the caged bird sings poem written

Answer: 1969

Answer: 1969

Answer: In 1969

Answer: 1969.

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings [SEP] Introduction

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a 1969 autobiography describing the early years of American writer and poet Maya Angelou. The first in a seven-volume series, it is a coming-of-age story that illustrates how strength of character and a love of literature can help overcome racism and trauma. The book begins when three-year-old Maya and her older brother are sent to Stamps, Arkansas, to live with their grandmother and ends when Maya becomes a mother at the age of 16. In the course of "Caged Bird", Maya transforms from a victim of racism with an inferiority complex into a self-possessed, dignified young woman capable of responding to prejudice.


Context: when was i know why the caged bird sings poem written

Question: who was the author?

Answer: Maya Angelou

Answer: Maya Angelou

Answer: American writer and poet Maya Angelou.

Explanation: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a 1969 autobiography describing the early years of American writer and poet Maya Angelou. The first in a seven-volume series, it is a coming-of-age story that illustrates how strength of character and a love of literature can help overcome racism and trauma.

Answer: Maya Angelou.


Context: who was the author?

Context: Maya Angelou

Question: is it a part of a book?

Answer: An autobiography describing the early years of the poet.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Yes. The book begins when three-year-old Maya and her older brother are sent to Stamps, Arkansas, to live with their grandmother and ends when Maya becomes a mother at the age of 16.

Explanation: The book begins when three-year-old Maya and her older brother are sent to Stamps, Arkansas, to live with their grandmother and ends when Maya becomes a mother at the age of 16. In the course of "Caged Bird", Maya transforms from a victim of racism with an inferiority complex into a self-possessed, dignified young woman capable of responding to prejudice.

Answer: Yes.


Context: who was the author?

Context: Maya Angelou

Context: is it a part of a book?

Context: An autobiography describing the early years of the poet.

Question: what inspired the name of this text?

Answer: The title of the book comes from the third stanza of Dunbar's poem "Sympathy".

Answer: According to Lyman B. Hagen, the title pulls Angelou's readers into the book while reminding them that it is possible to both lose control of one's life and to have one's freedom taken from them

Answer: The title of the book comes from the third stanza of Dunbar's poem "Sympathy"

Answer: The title of the book comes from the third stanza of Dunbar's poem "Sympathy"

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings [SEP] Title

When selecting a title, Angelou turned to Paul Laurence Dunbar, an African American poet whose works she had admired for years. Jazz vocalist and civil rights activist Abbey Lincoln suggested the title. According to Lyman B. Hagen, the title pulls Angelou's readers into the book while reminding them that it is possible to both lose control of one's life and to have one's freedom taken from them. Angelou has credited Dunbar, along with Shakespeare, with forming her "writing ambition". The title of the book comes from the third stanza of Dunbar's poem "Sympathy": I know why the caged bird sings, ah me,When his wing is bruised and his bosom sore,When he beats his bars and would be free;It is not a carol of joy or glee,But a prayer that he sends from his heart's deep core,But a plea, that upward to Heaven he flings – I know why the caged bird sings.


Context: who was the author?

Context: Maya Angelou

Context: is it a part of a book?

Context: what inspired the name of this text?

Context: The title of the book comes from the third stanza of Dunbar's poem "Sympathy".

Question: when was this poem published?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: 1969

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: 1969.

Explanation: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a 1969 autobiography describing the early years of American writer and poet Maya Angelou.


Context: who was the author?

Context: Maya Angelou

Context: is it a part of a book?

Context: what inspired the name of this text?

Context: when was this poem published?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what's the full name of the author you just mentioned?

Answer: Paul Laurence Dunbar

Answer: Paul Laurence Dunbar

Explanation: Angelou turned to Paul Laurence Dunbar, an African American poet whose works she had admired for years

Answer: Maya Angelou.

Explanation: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a 1969 autobiography describing the early years of American writer and poet Maya Angelou.

Answer: Maya Angelou.

Paul Laurence Dunbar [SEP] Introduction

Paul Laurence Dunbar (June 27, 1872 – February 9, 1906) was an American poet, novelist, and playwright of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Born in Dayton, Ohio to parents who were enslaved in Kentucky before the American Civil War, Dunbar began writing stories and verse when he was a child. He published his first poems at the age of 16 in a Dayton newspaper, and served as president of his high school's literary society. Much of Dunbar's more popular work in his lifetime was written in the "Negro dialect" associated with the antebellum South, though he also used the Midwestern regional dialect of James Whitcomb Riley.


Context: who was the author?

Context: Maya Angelou

Context: is it a part of a book?

Context: what inspired the name of this text?

Context: when was this poem published?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what's the full name of the author you just mentioned?

Context: Paul Laurence Dunbar

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Dayton, Ohio.

Answer: Dayton, Ohio

Answer: June 27, 1872

Explanation: Paul Laurence Dunbar (June 27, 1872 – February 9, 1906) was an American poet, novelist, and playwright of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Answer: Dayton, Ohio.

Explanation: Born in Dayton, Ohio to parents who were enslaved in Kentucky before the American Civil War, Dunbar began writing stories and verse when he was a child.

Paul Laurence Dunbar [SEP] Early life

Paul Laurence Dunbar was born at 311 Howard Street in Dayton, Ohio, on June 27, 1872, to parents who were enslaved in Kentucky before the American Civil War. After being emancipated, his mother Matilda moved to Dayton with other family members, including her two sons Robert and William from her first marriage. Dunbar's father Joshua escaped from slavery in Kentucky before the war ended. He traveled to Massachusetts and volunteered for the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, one of the first two black units to serve in the war. The senior Dunbar also served in the 5th Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment. Paul Dunbar was born six months after Joshua and Matilda's wedding on Christmas Eve, 1871.


Context: who was the author?

Context: Maya Angelou

Context: is it a part of a book?

Context: what inspired the name of this text?

Context: when was this poem published?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Paul Laurence Dunbar

Context: where was he born?

Context: Dayton, Ohio.

Question: who were his parents?

Answer: Matilda and Joshua.

Answer: His mother Matilda and his father Joshua

Answer: Mother Matilda and Father Joshua

Explanation: Paul Laurence Dunbar was born at 311 Howard Street in Dayton, Ohio, on June 27, 1872, to parents who were enslaved in Kentucky before the American Civil War. After being emancipated, his mother Matilda moved to Dayton with other family members, including her two sons Robert and William from her first marriage. Dunbar's father Joshua escaped from slavery in Kentucky before the war ended.

Answer: Joshua and Matilda

Explanation: After being emancipated, his mother Matilda moved to Dayton with other family members, including her two sons Robert and William from her first marriage. Dunbar's father Joshua escaped from slavery in Kentucky before the war ended. He traveled to Massachusetts and volunteered for the 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, one of the first two black units to serve in the war.

Paul Laurence Dunbar [SEP] Early life


Context: who was the author?

Context: Maya Angelou

Context: is it a part of a book?

Context: what inspired the name of this text?

Context: when was this poem published?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Paul Laurence Dunbar

Context: where was he born?

Context: Dayton, Ohio.

Context: who were his parents?

Context: Matilda and Joshua.

Question: what are some of the major themes covered in the previously mentioned autobiography?

Answer: Racism and trauma.

Explanation: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a 1969 autobiography describing the early years of American writer and poet Maya Angelou. The first in a seven-volume series, it is a coming-of-age story that illustrates how strength of character and a love of literature can help overcome racism and trauma.

Answer: Identity, rape, racism, and literacy

Answer: Identity, Rape, Racism and Literacy

Explanation: Angelou uses her autobiography to explore subjects such as identity, rape, racism, and literacy. She also writes in new ways about women's lives in a male-dominated society.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who was the author?

Context: Maya Angelou

Context: is it a part of a book?

Context: what inspired the name of this text?

Context: when was this poem published?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Paul Laurence Dunbar

Context: where was he born?

Context: Dayton, Ohio.

Context: who were his parents?

Context: Matilda and Joshua.

Context: what are some of the major themes covered in the previously mentioned autobiography?

Context: Racism and trauma.

Question: did the author of the book go through this in her childhood?

Answer: Yes, Maya, the younger version of Angelou and the book's central character, has been called "a symbolic character for every black girl growing up in America".

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Answer: Yes.

Explanation: Angelou uses her autobiography to explore subjects such as identity, rape, racism, and literacy. She also writes in new ways about women's lives in a male-dominated society. Maya, the younger version of Angelou and the book's central character, has been called "a symbolic character for every black girl growing up in America". Angelou's description of being raped as an eight-year-old child overwhelms the book, although it is presented briefly in the text. Another metaphor, that of a bird struggling to escape its cage, is a central image throughout the work, which consists of "a sequence of lessons about resisting racist oppression". Angelou's treatment of racism provides a thematic unity to the book. Literacy and the power of words help young Maya cope with her bewildering world; books become her refuge as she works through her trauma.

Answer: Yes.

Explanation: The first in a seven-volume series, it is a coming-of-age story that illustrates how strength of character and a love of literature can help overcome racism and trauma.


Question: what is the scientific name of blacknose shark?

Answer: Carcharhinus acronotus

Answer: "Carcharhinus acronotus".

Answer: "Carcharhinus acronotus"

Answer: Carcharhinus acronotus

Explanation: Carcharhinus acronotus

Blacknose shark [SEP] Introduction

The blacknose shark ("Carcharhinus acronotus") is a species of requiem shark, belonging to the family Carcharhinidae, common in the tropical and subtropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean. This species generally inhabits coastal seagrass, sand, or rubble habitats, with adults preferring deeper water than juveniles. A small shark typically measuring long, the blacknose has a typical streamlined "requiem shark" shape with a long, rounded snout, large eyes, and a small first dorsal fin. Its common name comes from a characteristic black blotch on the tip of its snout, though this may be indistinct in older individuals. Blacknose sharks feed primarily on small bony fishes and cephalopods, and in turn fall prey to larger sharks.


Context: what is the scientific name of blacknose shark?

Context: Carcharhinus acronotus

Question: where is it commonly found?

Answer: Tropical and subtropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean

Answer: In the tropical and subtropical waters of western Atlantic Ocean.

Explanation: The blacknose shark ("Carcharhinus acronotus") is a species of requiem shark, belonging to the family Carcharhinidae, common in the tropical and subtropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean.

Answer: In the tropical and subtropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean.

Answer: Tropical and subtropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean

Blacknose shark [SEP] Introduction


Context: Carcharhinus acronotus

Context: where is it commonly found?

Context: Tropical and subtropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean

Question: who described it first?

Answer: Felipe Poey

Answer: Felipe Poey.

Answer: Felipe Poey

Answer: Cuban naturalist Felipe Poey

Explanation: The Cuban naturalist Felipe Poey

Blacknose shark [SEP] Taxonomy and phylogeny

The Cuban naturalist Felipe Poey published the first description of the blacknose shark in 1860 as "Squalus acronotus", in his "Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba". Later authors moved this species to the genus "Carcharhinus". The type specimen was a 98-cm (3.2-ft)-long male caught off Cuba. Based on morphological data, Jack Garrick suggested in 1982 that the blacknose shark has a sister relationship to a group containing the whitecheek shark ("C. dussumieri") and the blackspot shark ("C. sealei"), while Leonard Compagno proposed in 1988 that this shark belongs in a group with five other species, including the silky shark ("C.